cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the fatty acid composition of the nematode Panagrellus redivivus using three different media.

The free living nematode Panagrellus redivivus has shown promise as a live food for marine shrimp and fish. This study evaluated the effect of three media on the fatty acid (FA) profile of nematodes. The media tested were: wheat flour (WF), wheat flour plus yeast (WFY), and wheat flour plus yeast plus fish oil (WFFO). The total lipid content of nematodes grown on WFFO (14.9%) was significantly higher than the lipid content of nematodes grown on WF (2.7%) and WFY (4.4%). The lipid of nematodes grown on WFFO also contained a higher percentage of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (11.2%), especially 20:5(n-3) (7.4%) and 22:6(n-3) (3.3%), than nematodes grown on WF (4.8%) and WFY (5.7%). Nematodes grown on WFFO medium had similar lipids as Artemia, especially desirable n-3 HUFA's. Total daily yield of nematodes was highest on WFY. There was no difference in yields of nematodes on WF and WFFO. This study has shown that the nutritional value of nematodes can be influenced by the media on which they are cultured. With a proper medium, cultured nematodes can provide the inexpensive, consistently nutritious live food that can be considered for larval culture of marine crustaceans and fish.
The spiked random neural network: nonlinearity, learning and approximation

We summarize the theoretical foundations of the random neural network model (RNN) and of its learning algorithm, and present a relevant bibliography of its theory and applications. Many applications have resulted from this model, including its use in still image and video compression which has achieved compression ratios of up to 500:1 for moving gray-scale images, with 30db PSNR quality levels. Another application of the RNN is to image segmentation; the recurrent feature of the network has been used to extract precise morphometric information from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the human brain. The RNN has also been successfully applied to optimization and image texture analysis and reconstruction.
Implementing psychological first-aid training for medical reserve corps volunteers.

Objective We assessed the feasibility and impact on knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices of psychological first-aid (PFA) training in a sample of Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) members. Data have been limited on the uptake of PFA training in surge responders (eg, MRC) who are critical to community response. Methods Our mixed-methods approach involved self-administered pre- and post-training surveys and within-training focus group discussions of 76 MRC members attending a PFA training and train-the-trainer workshop. Listen, protect, connect (a PFA model for lay persons) focuses on listening and understanding both verbal and nonverbal cues; protecting the individual by determining realistic ways to help while providing reassurance; and connecting the individual with resources in the community. Results From pre- to post-training, perceived confidence and capability in using PFA after an emergency or disaster increased from 71% to 90% (P < .01), but no significant increase was found in PFA-related knowledge. Qualitative analyses suggest that knowledge and intentions to use PFA increased with training. Brief training was feasible, and while results were modest, the PFA training resulted in greater reported confidence and perceived capability in addressing psychological distress of persons affected by public health threats. Conclusion PFA training is a promising approach to improve surge responder confidence and competency in addressing postdisaster needs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
Towards Automated Evaluation of Vehicle Dynamics in System-Level Designs

We describe the use of the Cyber-Physical Modeling Language (CyPhyML) to support trade studies and integration activities in system-level vehicle designs. CyPhyML captures parameterized component behavior using acausal models (i.e. hybrid bond graphs and Modelica) to enable automatic composition and synthesis of simulation models for significant vehicle subsystems. Generated simulations allow us to compare performance between different design alternatives. System behavior and evaluation are specified independently from specifications for design-space alternatives. Test bench models in CyPhyML are given in terms of generic assemblies over the entire design space, so performance can be evaluated for any selected design instance once automated design space exploration is complete. Generated Simulink models are also integrated into a mobility model for interactive 3-D simulation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The metaphysics of knowledge

Preface Acknowledgements 1. 'S knows that A' 2. Facts 3. Concept and Content 4. Necessity 5. Consciousness. 6. Persons 7. Language 8. The Constitutive Thesis and the Causal Thesis Bibliography Index
A system for coarse grained memory protection in tiny embedded processors

Many embedded systems contain resource constrained microcontrollers where applications, operating system components and device drivers reside within a single address space with no form of memory protection. Programming errors in one application can easily corrupt the state of the operating system and other applications on the microcontroller. In this paper we propose a system that provides memory protection in tiny embedded processors. . Our system consists of a software run-time working with minimal low-cost architectural extensions to the processor core that prevents corruption of state by buggy applications. We restrict memory accesses and control flow of applications to protection domains within the address space. The software run-time consists of a Memory map: a flexible and efficient data structure that records ownership and layout information of the entire address space. Memory map checks are done for store instructions by hardware accelerators that significantly improve the performance of our system. We preserve control flow integrity by maintaining a Safe stack that stores return addresses in a protected memory region. Cross domain function calls are redirected through a software based jump table. Enhancements to the microcontroller call and return instructions use the jump table to track the current active domain. We have implemented our scheme on a VHDL model of ATMEGA103 microcontroller. Our evaluations show that embedded applications can enjoy the benefits of memory protection with minimal impact on performance and a modest increase in the area of the microcontroller.
The Reflex and Chemical Control of Respiration

The control of respiration seems to be based on the following factors: a) An intrinsic rhythm of the respiratory neurones of the medulla oblongata. This rhythm is dependent upon oxygen supply to the neurones involved. It is regulated by both reflex and chemical mechanisms. b) The chemical regulation of respiration concerns the hydrogen ion content of the respiratory neurones which in turn is dependent upon the carbon dioxide tension of the blood and the rate of flow of blood through the medulla. Variations in blood oxygen tension under normal conditions are not thought to be concerned with direct regulating effects on the respiratory neurones. In severe anoxemia, however, the respiratory neurones are probably directly depressed as a result of anoxia. c) The reflex control of respiration under normal conditions almost certainly is concerned principally with the Hering-Breuer vagal reflexes. The respiratory neurones may be driven reflexly, however, by impulses from the carotid bodies whose 9th nerve endings are stimulated by severe oxygen want. Similarly, respiration may be driven by impulses coming into the medulla over any afferent neurones as in pain, and over neurones from higher brain centers.
Warum uns DERIVE so gut gefällt

Mein Partner Don Cohen und ich setzen DERIVE seit uber einem Jahr ein, unsere Schuler haben DERIVE etwa genauso lange benutzt. Unsere Schuler sind zwischen funf und funfund­vierzig Jahre alt. Sie (und damit wir) haben unterschiedliche und vielschichtige Erfahrungen gesammelt. Einer unserer Schu­ler ist ein Ingenieur im Beruf, der nebenher weiter Analysis studiert; andere sind erfolglose Algebrastudenten im ersten Jahr. Einige unserer jungsten Schuler sind dabei, das Einmaleins zu lernen; wieder andere sind in der funften Schulstufe und versu­chen zu behalten, das 7*8 = 56 ist. Einige unserer Schuler, die die Grundschule besuchen, untersuchen bereits Graphen von trigonometrischen Funktionen, den Binomialsatz und Differen­tial- und Integralrechnung.
Revitalizing the Xianyuan (Worthy Ladies) Tradition Women in the 1898 Reforms

One particularly neglected facet of the generally neglected 1898 Reform Movement in China is the role of women. Chinese and Western scholars have tended to portray the campaign primarily as a male-led, Western-oriented enterprise in which Chinese women were largely silent and submissive, com-pliant rather than contentious. This article suggests, by contrast, that Chinese women participated in the 1890s reforms as active organizers and sophisticated thinkers. They had their own agenda, agency, organizations, and specific strategies for forming a new Chinese womanhood and for national strengthening. Their approach to reform drew substantially on Chinese traditions of learning with antecedents as early as the Wei-Jin period (220-420); it also reflected more recent traditions of women's literary culture and community in the Yangzi delta during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These open-minded and self-confident women reformers enthusiastically embraced new Western knowledge and attracted effective h...
Expectant Fathers’ and Mothers’ Perceptions of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding: A Focus Group Study in Three US Cities

The objective of the current study was to better understand how pregnant women and male partners conceptualize infant feeding and support for breastfeeding. Information was collected through 18 focus group interviews in 3 major US cities. There were 121 focus group participants of varying professions and income levels. Half were African American and half were Caucasian. Pregnant women and male partners had favorable attitudes toward breastfeeding, but did not articulate specific benefits to mothers or infants. Men expressed empathy for their partners' pregnancies and deferred to their partners' feeding decisions. Both groups disapproved of breastfeeding in public. Women voiced concerns about father-infant bonding more than men did. Both groups emphasized fathers' support of the infant, but not of the mother. Educators and practitioners may wish to consider expectant couples' perceptions of breastfeeding in public, knowledge of breastfeeding laws, and expectations of father-mother and father-infant relationships in their approach to breastfeeding promotion among expectant couples.
Federation of Pediatric Organizations Task Force on Women in Pediatrics: considerations for part-time training and employment for research-intensive fellows and faculty.

Recognizing the significant issues and opportunities confronting the pediatric workforce, the Federation of Pediatric Organizations (FOPO) in 2007 appointed the second FOPO Task Force on Women in Pediatrics. The task force selected 4 issues on which to focus its attention in the subsequent 2 years: 1) routinely provide the option to train and work part-time at specific career stages; 2) allow flexibility in the career paths of physician/scientists; 3) draw more women into leadership positions; and 4) address child care issues. At the 2008 Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting, the task force hosted a symposium focusing on the provision of flexibility in the career paths of physician/scientists. This commentary summarizes the portions of the symposium that focused on current funding regulations at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) about part-time and protected research time and changes being considered and experiments conducted in 2 leading institutions that have permitted physician/ scientists to work part time. OVERVIEW Although the percent of women in medicine quadrupled in the last 30 years, women represent only 14% of tenured faculty and 12% of full professors 1 and approximately 10% of pediatric department chairs. 2 This is not a “pipeline issue,” because women represent 50% of matriculating medical students, 70% of pediatricians in training, and 50% of all practicing pediatricians. 3-5 Rather, it may be that academic institutions require women faculty to adjust to organizational structures, policies, and procedures that were established at a time when most faculty were men whose spouses had primary commitment to the household. 2 Institutional requirements for physician scientists have remained particularly rigid. In most universities, the physician scientist path is a tenure track position with the traditional restrictions and requirements to attain tenure, including a restricted time frame, explicit requirements for obtaining grant funding and producing publications, prohibitions against parttime appointments, and an inflexible tenure clock. 6,7 These requirements may not be realistic for women faculty because of their multiple roles, such as childbearing and rearing, forcing parents to choose between needs of their families and the de
Power macromodeling of global interconnects considering practical repeater insertion

In this paper, we present a simple yet highly effective power macromodeling technique for global interconnects that considers optimal repeater insertion. Specifically,our model estimates the interconnect power dissipation from the interconnect length, the timing budget, the repeater location flexibility, and the signal activity using an analytical function that is derived for a given repeater library and fabrication technology. In experiments with different standard cell libraries, the average error of our technique is less than 2%.
Oxidative stress may explain how hypertension is maintained by normal levels of angiotensin II

Abstract It is well known that essential hypertension evolves in most patientswith ﬁnear normalﬂ levels of plasma renin activity. However, theselevels appear to be responsible for the high levels of arterial pressurebecause they are normalized by the administration of angiotensin IIconverting inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonist. In experi-mental animals, hypertension can be induced by the continuous intra-venous infusion of small doses of angiotensin II that are not sufficientto evoke an immediate pressor response. However, this conditionresembles the characteristics of essential hypertension because thehigh levels of blood pressure exist with normal plasma levels ofangiotensin II. It is suggested that small amounts of angiotensin whoseplasma levels are inappropriate for the existing size of extracellularvolume stimulate oxidative stress which binds nitric oxide formingperoxynitrite. The latter compound oxidizes arachidonic acid produc-ing isoprostaglandin F2 a (an isoprostane) which is characterized by astrong antinatriuretic vasoconstrictor renal effect. In this chain ofreactions the vasoconstrictor effects derived from oxygen quenchingof nitric oxide and increased isoprostane synthesis could explain howhypertension is maintained with normal plasma levels of renin.
Symbol rate classification of PSK/QAM signals using direct frequency estimators

The flexible architecture provided by cognitive radio has spurned renewed interest in spectrum monitoring. To enable blind signal demodulation, the symbol rate must be determined. Recent techniques for determining symbol rates follow one of two broad approaches. The first approach estimates the carrier frequency and down-converts the signal for analysis at base-band. This approach is computationally expensive as carrier extraction hardware is needed for each modulation scheme. The other approach applies the wavelet transform to an over-sampled received signal to detect phase jumps and frequency changes. This paper introduces a new approach for detecting modulation-based carrier changes by monitoring the behaviour of an error signal associated with a direct frequency estimator. The proposed method has a simple architecture and eliminates the need for over-sampling seen in the wavelet transform approach. Symbol rate estimations were made under different carrier-to-noise ratios (CNRs) and modulation types and the results are provided.
The effects of dietary n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neutrophils

The studies of dietary fish oil supplementation in healthy volunteers demonstrate a significant increase in neutrophil EPA content, a concomitant reduction in neutrophil AA content, and suppression of neutrophil LTB4 synthesis by supplementation with dietary fish oil containing approximately 3-4 g EPA daily for a minimum of 4 weeks. Suppression of neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness to LTB4 and FMLP was observed after dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation at these levels. Dietary EPA is more active than DHA in eliciting these effects in human neutrophils. Dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis to these ligands through the inhibition of the signal transduction pathway between the receptor and phospholipase C, as demonstrated by the inhibition of chemotaxin-stimulated IP3 formation, in the absence of an effect on the number or affinity of the respective chemotaxin receptors. In patients with RA, dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA resulted in decreased AA content of cellular lipids, with an augmented EPA content and decreased LTB4 generation by neutrophils. Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA also resulted in augmentation of depressed neutrophil chemotaxis to LTB4 and FMLP. Preliminary findings suggest that the decreased responsiveness to chemotaxins of neutrophils from RA patients is due to down-regulation of chemotaxin receptor number, resulting in decreased signaling via chemotaxin receptors. Dietary fish oil PUFA partially reversed the down-regulation of the chemotaxin receptor of neutrophils of RA patients, but had a lesser effect on chemotaxin receptor signaling and function, probably due to a post-receptor inhibition induced by fish oil PUFA, as was previously observed in healthy controls. Several small clinical trials have each suggested that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA resulted in modest improvements in disease activity. Meta-analysis of these studies confirms statistically significant improvements in tender joint count and morning stiffness after 3 months of dietary fish oil supplementation in patients with RA. Dietary supplementation with gamma-linolenic acid-rich oils also inhibits neutrophil LTB4 formation, has other anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, and shows promise of therapeutic efficacy in RA.
A fair educational standard

In this article, I propose and defend a certain model of a fair Educational Standard, where this represents the minimally adequate threshold conditions and resources that any just society will devote to the grade school education of its youth. Starting with suggestions made by Harry Frankfurt, 1 argue that this Standard may be initially founded upon the norm of'sufficiency', so that the Standard comes to require the provision of whatever educational resources are needed to enable children to lead minimally decent lives as adults. Largely because of the social inequities that it would allow, however, I argue that this norm of sufficiency is not enough, by itself, to constitute the Educational Standard, but that the norm of 'equal educational opportunity' (EEO) must also be incorporated. And I defend a certain conception of EEO, from among various competing conceptions. Ultimately, then, this article seeks to establish these twin components (a set of sufficiency conditions and a certain conception of EEO) as being individually necessary and jointly sufficient for any truly just and complete educational standard.
Combining intrusion detection and recovery for enhancing system dependability

Current cyber defenses are reactive and cannot protect against customized malware and other zero day attacks which persist for many weeks. Using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis and damage cost models, we trade-off the true positive rate and false positive rate to compare alternative architectures. This analysis provides optimal value(s) of Probability of Detection by evaluating the potential damage from a missed intrusion and costs of processing false positives. In this paper, we propose an approach which involves determining the influencing factors of each strategy and studying the impact of their variations within the context of an integrated intrusion defense strategy. Our goal is to manage the intrusion risks by proactively scheduling recovery for dependable networks.
Sonar echo-location in 2-D using mini-microphone array and spatiotemporal frequency filtering

Sonar array technology enables sensing of both range and angle bearing of objects with respect to the array. Instead of relying on a narrow angle of transmission and reception and multiple sensor positions, one array can receive returns from a large area and still offer angular localization of targets. We have designed and constructed array processing circuitry that uses mixed-signal spatiotemporal frequency filtering in order to extract wavefront velocity across the array. From wavefront velocity, the angular bearing of a return is determined. This system was demonstrated in a functional test using single and multiple objects. The 2D performance is presented here.
Unstressing intemperate models: how cold stress undermines mouse modeling

Mus musculus enjoys pride of place at the center of contemporary biomedical research. Despite being the current model system of choice for in vivo mechanistic analysis, mice have clear limitations. The literature is littered with examples of therapeutic approaches that showed promise in mouse models but failed in clinical trials. More generally, mice often provide poor mimics of the human diseases being modeled. Available data suggest that the cold stress to which laboratory mice are ubiquitously subjected profoundly affects mouse physiology in ways that impair the modeling of human homeostasis and disease. Experimental attention to this key, albeit largely ignored, environmental variable is likely to have a broad transformative effect on biomedical research.
The Veiled Women and Masked Men of Chechnya: Documentaries, Violent Conflict, and Gender

This article analyzes gender representations of Chechen veiled women and masked men in the Terror in Moscow documentary, an account of the October 2002 Chechen rebel siege of a Moscow theater. Because the documentary is novel in its use of original footage recorded during the siege, it provides several issues to discuss related to objective accounts versus constructed reality in nonfiction films and how gender representations fit into mediated reality. As part of the “circuit of culture,” the documentary follows dominant notions of what it means to be feminine and masculine in the media. By deconstructing the documentary's structure and analyzing the ideological representations of gender, the analysis reveals that film represents female and male rebels differently by questioning and attempting to explain women's involvement while accepting men's involvement as “natural.”
Animal and vegetal teloplasms mix in the early embryo of the leech, Helobdella triserialis

In embryos of the glossiphoniid leech, Helobdella triserialis, as in many annelids, cytoplasmic reorganization prior to first cleavage generates distinct animal and vegetal domains of yolk-deficient cytoplasm, called teloplasm. Both domains are sequestered to the D' macromere, progenitor of the definitive segmental tissues, during the first three rounds of cell division. And it has been believed that during the fourth round of cell division, the obliquely equatorial cleavage of macromere D' cleanly segregates animal teloplasm into an ectodermal precursor, cell DNOPQ, and vegetal teloplasm into a mesodermal precursor, cell DM. But here we report a hitherto unobserved cytoplasmic rearrangement between the second and the fourth divisions that seems to mix the animal and vegetal domains of teloplasm. The newly observed rearrangement consists of the movement of vegetal teloplasm toward the animal pole of cell D' between the second and the fourth cell divisions. Animal and vegetal teloplasms form a single pool of teloplasm in cell D' which is then divided between DM and DNOPQ at the fourth division. The movement of teloplasm was inferred by examination of embryos fixed and sectioned between the second and the fourth rounds of cleavage and was confirmed in living embryos microinjected with rhodamine 123, a fluorescent mitochondrial stain.
Importance of Integrin Signaling in Myocyte Growth and Survival

Both skeletal and cardiac myocytes undergo developmentally programmed terminal differentiation with subsequent adaptation to increased demands for mechanical output being met by hypertrophy. However, there is a fundamental difference between these two striated muscle types in terms of their ability to respond to muscle injury and cell death: in skeletal muscle, stem cells proliferate and replace lost myocytes; in cardiac muscle, the occurrence of such a mechanism is very low. Therefore, the sole structural response of the heart to cell loss (myocardial infarction) or pathological mechanical overload (hemodynamic pressure or volume overload) is myocyte hypertrophic growth. Often growth is triggered when specific cell-surface receptors are occupied by their ligands, such as growth factors and hormones, which results in the activation of either intrinsic or associated kinases. In addition to these established pathways, there is growing evidence that signals generated at the focal adhesion sites after integrin engagement with specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins significantly contribute to growth and survival (for review, see Schaller1). Whereas multiple pathways might be necessary for the hypertrophic phenotype of cardiomyocytes, Heidkamp and colleagues2 in this issue of Circulation Research demonstrate the importance of myocyte survival signals transmitted by focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is localized to the cell attachment site (focal adhesions). Integrins are a family of cell-surface receptors, composed of noncovalently associated α and β subunits. There are at least 20 different integrin subtypes that are formed from 12 different α and 8 different β subunits, and many of these subtypes are expressed in a cell type–specific manner,1 including the cardiac myocyte.3 A major role of integrins is to physically link the extracellular matrix environment to the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Integrins bind to specific ECM proteins via their large extracellular domains, and the short cytoplasmic domains …
Combating Non-Consensual Pornography: A Working Paper

Non-consensual pornography, defined as the distribution of sexually graphic images of individuals without their consent, transforms unwilling individuals into sexual entertainment for strangers. A vengeful ex-partner or malicious hacker can upload an explicit image of a victim to a website where thousands of people can view it and hundreds of other websites can share it. In a matter of days, that image can become the first several pages of “hits” on the victim’s name in a search engine, as well as being emailed or otherwise exhibited to the victim’s family, employers, co-workers, and peers. Victims are routinely threatened with sexual assault, stalked, harassed, fired from jobs, and forced to change schools. Some victims have committed suicide. Non-consensual pornography can destroy victims’ intimate relationships as well as their educational and employment opportunities. While non-consensual pornography can affect both male and female individuals, empirical evidence indicates that the majority of victims are women and girls, and that women and girls face more serious consequences as a result of their victimization. By violating legal and social commitments to gender equality, non-consensual pornography is similar to sexual harassment, rape, and domestic violence.This working paper details the lack of appropriate legal response to this issue. While victims can in theory make use of tort or copyright law, such civil actions are burdensome, costly, and often bring increased attention to the harmful material. Moreover, non-consensual pornography is a form of sexual abuse and should be treated as such by the law. Currently, only two states have criminal laws that offer protection against such conduct, and there is no federal criminal law that directly addresses it. Both state and federal criminal laws are necessary to address non-consensual pornography. State criminal laws are necessary to address conduct that does not cross state lines. Federal law is necessary because state laws are limited both by jurisdiction and by the Communications Decency Act §230, which creates high hurdles for either civil or criminal charges against website operators who distribute non-consensual pornography. Given that the Internet has greatly amplified the scope and harm of non-consensual pornography, an effective law must also reach Internet traffickers. According to existing federal provisions, using the Internet to transmit information qualifies as “interstate commerce,” which Congress has the power to regulate. Combined with the fact that CDA §230 does not shield websites from federal criminal liability, this means that a federal criminal prohibition is both appropriate and necessary to fully address the problem of non-consensual pornography.
Congestion minimization during placement without estimation

This paper presents a new congestion minimization technique for standard cell global placement. The most distinct feature of this approach is that it does not follow the traditional "estimate-then-eliminate" strategy. Instead, it avoids the excessive usage of routing resources by the "local" nets so that more routing resources are available for the uncertain "global" nets. The experimental results show that our new technique, SPARSE, achieves better routability than the traditional total wire length (Bounding Box) guided placers, which had been shown to deliver the best routability results among the placers optimizing different cost functions [2]. Another feature of SPARSE is the capability of allocating white space implicitly. SPARSE exploits the well known empirical Rent's rule and is able to improve the routability even more in the presence of white space. Compared to the most recent academic routability-driven placer Dragon[8], SPARSE is able to produce solutions with equal or better routability.
The burden of motherhood: The effect of reproductive load on female lizard locomotor, foraging, and social behavior

The costs of reproduction, involving demands associated with both current and future reproductive efforts, may place a substantial burden on females. However, animals may minimize these costs by modifying their behavior across the reproductive cycle. We examined the effects of reproductive load on three types of behavior (locomotion, foraging, and social displays) in green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis) by comparing egg, follicle, and oviduct mass and volume with field observational data. We found that female locomotor and social display behaviors decreased as reproductive load increased, suggesting behavioral modification in these traits, but we detected no relationship between foraging and reproductive load. We also examined these relationships across eight Anolis species using a phylogenetically informed analysis and found no associations between the evolution of reproductive load and any of the three behaviors. These results suggest that the evolution of increased reproductive load is not associated with the interspecific variation in behavior across the anoles and may result from varying life history traits or selective ecological pressures across species.
Setting the hysteresis constant to zero in adaptive switching control

In this paper, we derive conditions under which one may safely set the hysteresis constant to zero in the well-known hysteresis switching algorithm of adaptive control without the risk of chattering instability. The case of continuously parameterized controllers is examined and conditions for global convergence are derived.
Cardiac Hemangioma: Features on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

We present a case of cardiac capillary hemangioma in a patient who presented with a history of recurrent episodes of syncope. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance played an important role in the diagnosis of cardiac hemangioma in our patient.
The Nephrology Social Worker as the Primary Psychological Practitioner

In perusing the literature of psychosocial factors associated with end-stage renal disease, it is not unusual to find frequent references to interdisciplinary cooperation and team interaction. The reason for this is rather simple, for, in the relatively few years of dialysis/transplant development, it has become more and more apparent that the support systems surrounding this particular patient group are unique in concept and function. In no other area of medical specialty is the concentration of staff-patient contact as intense or ongoing, so intimately related to treatment and success or failure of this treatment. One finds it hard to compare even the myriad of cancer therapies or the strenuous mechanics of rehabilitation medicine to the crowded scale of day to day, medical and social attention that is rained upon the patient held captive by his kidney failure. Working in this arena, a professional feels the impact of loss and dependency more strongly than in other specialty areas and hears more clearly the call for psychological support from these patients who are neither well nor dying, fully dependent nor free, and neither in control nor fully without it.
Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Ecology in Southeastern Cotton

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a sporadic pest with a diverse host range. This insect occasionally causes damage to cotton across the United States from the Rocky Mountains to the East Coast. Fall armyworm has been problematic in cotton due to its overall tolerance to many insecticide use strategies and difficulty in finding and surveying field infestations with sampling protocols. A review of insect biology, description of life stages, behavior and host strain identification, injury to cotton, and potential management options for the southeastern United States are presented.
Monitoring, Liquidity Provision and Financial Crises

This paper analyzes central bank policies on the monitoring of banks in distress in which liquidity provisions are conditional on performance when a bad shock occurs. A sequential game model is used to analyze two policies: the first one in which the central bank acts with discretion and the second in which the optimal monitoring policy rule is made public. The results show that banks exert less effort and take higher risks with a discretionary monitoring policy. With public information about monitoring rules, there is more central bank monitoring and less need to provide emergency funding. Public information about monitoring resolves the multiple equilibria that arise with discretion in fact, a unique equilibrium emerges in which the probability of a banking crisis is reduced.
Accelerated Acute Tubular Necrosis Due to Vancomycin

AbstractVancomycin is the most commonly used antibiotic for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We report a case of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity leading to biopsy-proven acute tubular necrosis. In addition, the case also highlights the plausible risk factors associated
Revenue Sharing and Local Government Modernization: The Case of Accounting, Auditing, and Financial Reporting

In the mid-1960s, it appeared that the federal government was headed towards a substantial budgetary surplus. At the same time, state and local governments seemed destined to suffer increasing financial stringency. State-local governments are responsible for a sizeable portion of total governmental activity, and it appeared that given their reliance on the relatively inelastic sources of revenue (property and consumption taxes), their responsibilities would consistently outstrip their revenues. Even at that time, state-local governments were receiving substantial amounts of federal aid-to the tune of $17 billion in 1966,1 but it was aid of a conditional nature, geared to highly specialized objectives; it was felt that "once established (such aid would) not yield gracefully to change or abolition",2 and that unless the trend was reversed, "federal aids may weave a web of particularism, complexity, and federal direction which (would) significantly inhibit a state's freedom of movement".3 Against
Investigation of the Electronic Origin of Asymmetric Induction in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions with Phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) Ligands by Hammett and Swain–Lupton Analysis of the 13C NMR Chemical Shifts of the (π-Allyl)palladium Intermediates

Isomeric 4′- and 5′-substituted phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands are used to probe the electronic origins of enantioselective nucleophilic additions to (1,3-diphenylallyl)palladium PHOX ligand complexes. Hammett analysis of the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the allyl C-1 and C-3 carbons shows that the major exo diastereomer is less susceptible to differential changes at C-1 and C-3 and that the location of the substituent has a smaller impact on these changes. In contrast, the minor endo diastereomer is more susceptible to differential 13C NMR changes at C-1 and C-3 and the location of the substituent has a greater impact on these changes. The endo diastereomer exhibits a pronounced “cis effect” by the ligating nitrogen and phosphorus atoms across the palladium center that explains its lower reactivity and, therefore, how the enantioselectivity typically obtained with PHOX ligands exceeds the approximately 8/1 ratio of exo to endo intermediates. Swain–Lupton analysis reveals the importance of both resonance...
Low-Pressure Effects on a Single DBD Plasma Actuator

The use of dielectric barrier plasma actuators has been shown to transfer momentum into air by producing a body force. The application of this body force to produce thrust in a low pressure setting is targeted for micro/nano-satellites. Flow fields for varying pressures (29.92-12.92inHg absolute) were calculated using PIV technology, and low pressure effects on plasma were recorded. It was determined that flow fields lose momentum as pressure decreases with a critical point at 23.92 inHg after which plasma effects appear to be negligible. As pressure decreases, the actuator consumes more power and the plasma glow discharge increases in length. The power consumption appears to increase linearly while the plasma discharge length does not. Flow fields for varying pressures (29.92-12.92inHg absolute) were used to numerically calculate the thrust per unit length of an actuator.
The Repeated Name Penalty, the Overt Pronoun Penalty, and Topic in Japanese

When reading sentences with an anaphoric reference to a subject antecedent, repeated-name anaphors result in slower reading times relative to pronouns (the Repeated Name Penalty: RNP), and overt pronouns are read slower than null pronouns (the Overt Pronoun Penalty: OPP). Because in most languages previously tested, the grammatical subject is typically also the discourse topic it remains unclear whether these effects reflect anaphors' subject-hood or their topic-hood. To address this question we conducted a self-paced reading experiment in Japanese, a language which morphologically marks both subjects and topics overtly. Our results show that both repeated-name topic-subject anaphors and repeated-name non-topic-subject anaphors exhibit the RNP and that both overt-pronoun topic-subject and overt-pronoun non-topic-subject anaphors show the OPP. However, a detailed examination of performance revealed an interaction between the anaphor topic marking, reference form, and the antecedent's grammatical status, indicating that the effect of the antecedent's grammatical status is strongest for null pronoun and repeated name subject anaphors and that the overt form most similar to null pronouns is the repeated name topic anaphor. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of anaphor processing.
The Effects of Norm Beliefs and Age on Responses to Comedic Violence Advertising

ABSTRACTThe use of comedic violence in advertising is rising in the United States. Given that comedic violence attempts to create humor through norm violation, it can be considered a risky strategy that has the potential to offend audiences. Thus, it will be beneficial to observe the boundary conditions and understand the audience for whom such ads will be most effective. The current research proposes that norm beliefs about violence in advertising should positively influence responses to comedic violence ads. In addition, it was proposed that age, as a likely moderator, would interact with norm beliefs. In Study 1, it was found that higher norm beliefs regarding violence in advertising led to more favorable ratings of the comedic violence ads. In Study 2, when the violence level was significantly high, norm beliefs and age interaction emerged; the positive norm belief effects on responses to comedic violence advertising became stronger with older age. This result showed that with the justification of str...
Psychosocial Recovery and Rehabilitation

This article discusses a psychosocial recovery and rehabilitation recovery model that uses an intensive case management approach. The approach offers an interdisciplinary model that integrates pharmacotherapy, social skills training, cognitive remediation, family involvement, and community integration. This evidence-based plan of care instills hope and nurtures one's capacity to learn and improve function and quality of life. It is cost-effective and offers psychiatric nurses opportunities to facilitate symptomatic remission, facilitate self-efficacy, and improve communication and social cognition skills. Nurses in diverse practice settings must be willing to plan and implement innovative treatment models that provide seamless mental health care across the treatment continuum.
Mitogen stimulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemic lymphocytes: defective phytohemagglutinin stimulation independent of immunologic cell surface markers

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 107 untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were analyzed for the presence of surface immunoglobulin (Ig) and the ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Four groups were identified based on the cell surface markers: (1) 81 patients' PBL expressed primarily IgM kappa or IgM lambda, 4 further patients' PBL expressed IgM with equal percentages of kappa and lambda surface markers; (2) 13 patients had equal percentages of PBL expressing lg and SRBC receptors; (3) 6 patients' PBL primarily formed rosettes with SRBCs, and (4) in 3 patients and the majority of cells had no detectable markers (null cells). Lymphocytes from all patients within each group were tested for their ability to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The maximum response in PHA-stimulated normal cell cultures appeared at 2--3 days; for PWM-stimulated cultures, maximal response was at 3--5 days. CLL cultures from all patients in each of the four groups required 5--7 days to develop a maximal PHA response. The response of CLL lymphocytes in all groups to PWM stimulation was similar to normal lymphocytes. Thus, the abnormal PHA response of CLL lymphocytes was independent of the presence or pattern of cell surface markers.
Abusive Supervision in the Workplace: An Examination of Current Research and a Proposal for Preventive Measures

Abusive supervision is a serious and growing problem plaguing today’s organizations, affecting up to 16 percent of employees. This paper provides an overview of workplace mistreatment research, focusing specifically on abusive supervision and its antecedents and consequences, and proposes a course of action for organizations interested in reducing and preventing abusive supervision. In total, 93 articles were included based on the originality of their contributions to the literature. The central objective of this paper is to create a foundation of knowledge and understanding of abusive supervision, which organizations can then use to identify and prevent the occurrence of abusive supervision. Future research on abusive supervision should focus on creating prevention programs and testing their effectiveness on organizations.
VARIATION IN THE FORM OF BIPOLAR CORES

Bipolar flint-knapping, a distinctive technological process once used by some prehistoric groups to produce flake blanks and/or core tools, generates the same characteristic set of products and by-products when applied to small tabular raw materials. A core reduction model is hypothesized to account for the variation in the form (type) of bipolar cores. The hypothesized core reduction model states that small tabular pieces of raw material entered the bipolar knapping system by being selected at their source. Then when processed by the bipolar technique, they systematically moved through a series of successive reduction stages until they were lost or discarded as wasted nuclei. The model is tested statistically with the t test. It is not rejected.
Cryopreservation of Client Depositor Testicular Tissue

Therapeutic bank patients, referred to as “client depositors,” can address the risks of infertility inevitable in certain medical treatments and surgeries by taking advantage of the controlled practice of cryopreservation.
Cell biology: Tubulin acetylation and cell motility.

Although the protein tubulin is known to undergo several post-translational modifications that accumulate in stable but not dynamic microtubules inside cells, the function of these modifications is unknown. Hubbert et al.1 have shown that the enzyme HDAC6 (for histone deacetylase 6) reverses the post-translational acetylation of tubulin, and provide evidence that reducing tubulin acetylation enhances cell motility. They also suggest that decreasing tubulin acetylation reduces microtubule stability. However, we find that microtubule stabilization is not promoted by tubulin acetylation. We conclude that the alteration in cell motility observed by Hubbert et al. in cells overexpressing HDAC6 results not from changes in the formation of stable microtubules, but from alterations in the degree of tubulin acetylation.
Function of Leukocytes in Human Milk

A most important adaptation of the G.I. tract of the newborn to the extrauterine environment is its development of a mucosal barrier against the penetration of bacteria viruses and other environmental antigens i.e food proteins. The mechanisms of host defence at mucosal sites both im-mulogic and nonimmunologic are underdeveloped during the neonatal period and more so in prematures neonates (1).
Influences and interactions of inundation, peat, and snow on active layer thickness

The effect of three environmental conditions: 1) thickness of organic soil, 2) snow depth, and 3) soil moisture content or water table height above and below the soil surface, on active layer thickness (ALT) are investigated using an ensemble of 1D thermal hydrology models. Sensitivity analyses of the ensemble exposed the isolated influence of each environmental condition on ALT and their multivariate interactions. The primary and interactive influences are illustrated in the form of color maps of ALT change. Results show that organic layer acts as a strong insulator, and its thickness is the dominant control of ALT, but the strength of the effect of organic layer thickness is dependent on the saturation state. Snow depth, subsurface saturation, and ponded water depth are strongly codependent and positively correlated to ALT.