cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging

Fluorescence imaging is a tool of increasing importance in aerodynamics, fluid-flow visualization, and nondestructive evaluation in a variety of industrial circumstances. It is a means for producing two-dimensional images of real surfaces or fluid cross-sectional areas that correspond to properties such as temperature or pressure. This article discusses three major laser-induced fluorescence imaging techniques: Planar laser induced fluorescence; phosphor thermography are pressure-sensitive paint. Since the 1980s, planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) has been used for combustion diagnostics and to characterize gas and liquid phase fluid-flow situations. Depending on the application, the technique can determine species concentration, partial pressure, temperature, flow velocity, or flow distribution-visualization. Phosphor thermography (PT) is used to image surface temperature distributions. Fluorescence imaging of aerodynamic surfaces coated with phosphor material for thermometry purposes dates back to the 1940s and development of the technique continues today. Imaging of fluorescence from pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is a third diagnostic approach to aerodynamic and propulsion research discussed here and it has received much attention during the past decade. These three methodologies appear to be the primary laser-induced fluorescence imaging applications outside medicine and biology. PLIF is more developed than the PT or PSP applications. Keywords: planar laser induced fluorescence; theory; phosphor thermography; pressure-sensitive paint; applications
Determinants of oligopsony power: The Haitian coffee case

Abstract This paper investigates the determinants of oligopsony power exerted by coffee exporters in Haiti. It develops and estimates a two-equation model with cross-parameter restrictions: one equation for the Lerner index of oligopsony and the other for the residual supply function facing exporters. Empirical results indicate that both institutional arrangements and domestic market conditions have significantly shaped oligopsony power.
A Partial Hstry of Losy Compression

The title exemplifies the topic as it is easily recognized as compressed from possible English original versions. It also exemplifies some difficulties. A small sampling of readers all thought "Losy" was a corruption of "Lossy," which is consistent with the apparent loss of letters in "Hstry" and "Losy". But while "Hstry" is compressed, it is not really lossy since it can almost certainly be decoded into "History" (as my spell checker does). Moreover, "Losy" need not be "Lossy" -- - an equally good candidate in terms of minimizing Levenshtein distance is "Lousy" -- - so this talk could be a history of lousy compression, lossless or lossy. There are also problems in the uncompressed words. "Partial" has neither compression nor evident losses, but it has ambiguous meaning: it could equally well mean "incomplete" or "biased." So the title is not uniquely decodable, which equally favors "lossy" (since you cannot guarantee an accurate reconstruction) or "lousy" (since lossy coding of English seems a bad idea). This talk will embrace the ambiguity of the title.
A Preliminary Crystallographic Investigation of a Human l-Type Bence-Jones Protein

Abstract A human l-type Bence-Jones protein (Mcg) was crystallized from water in a form suitable for x-ray diffraction studies. The crystals were composed of one molecular species of the protein, M-S-S-M, representing two identical polypeptide chains (M) linked by a disulfide bond. The protein crystallized in the orthorhombic space group P21212. Four M-S-S-M molecules were present in the unit cell, the dimensions of which were: a = 72.6 ± 0.2; b = 81.9 ± 0.2; and c = 71.0 ± 0.2 A. The crystallographic asymmetric unit was the M-S-S-M dimer.
Implementation and evaluation of a liberalized visiting policy

BACKGROUND Visiting policies have been liberalized in ICUs, but the process and outcome of policy modifications have not been well described. OBJECTIVES To describe the process by which nurses in one critical care unit modified visiting from a restricted to a liberalized (i.e., modified open) policy, and to evaluate the nurses' perceptions about visiting before and after the policy was liberalized. METHODS A group of ICU/coronary care unit nurses met to discuss changes in their unit's visiting policy. Before the change was initiated, nurses (N = 36) in the unit were informally surveyed regarding their perceptions and attitudes about visiting. After a 3-month trial of liberalized visiting, in which visiting hours were increased at the discretion of the nursing staff, nurses (N = 32) were surveyed using a questionnaire about their beliefs, attitudes, level of satisfaction, and perceptions of their actual visiting policy. RESULTS Nurses confirmed that the visiting policy had become liberalized, and they believed that liberalized visiting had positive effects on patients' emotional well-being. Nurses had more positive attitudes about the effects of liberalized visiting on families than on patients and unit function. Most nurses were satisfied with liberalized visiting. However, attitudes differed about how liberalized visiting affected patients' physiological responses or the unit function. CONCLUSIONS Effective implementation of liberalized visiting depends on assessment of the following: nurses' beliefs, attitudes, and satisfaction about a change toward a more open visiting policy; staff involvement in determining the policy; and nurse manager and clinical nurse specialist support.
Effects of natural disturbance on stream communities: a habitat template analysis of arctic headwater streams

Summary 1. We used the habitat template approach to test the hypothesis that substratum stability, freezing and nutrient supply were determinants of community structure in 19 headwater streams of arctic Alaska. Streams were selected from five categories: glacier (n = 3), mountain (4), mountain spring (4), tundra spring (4) and tundra (4). 2. Bed movement among streams ranged from 0 to 97% during a ∼2-month summer season. Glacier and mountain streams had significantly higher bed movement than tundra and spring streams (P < 0.001). 3. All glacier and tundra streams froze solid during winter; all mountain spring streams remained unfrozen. Freezing among mountain and tundra spring streams was variable, with a subset of streams flowing throughout winter. 4. With the exception of glacier streams, which showed high concentrations of NH4+ and NO3− (P < 0.001), differences in nutrient concentrations among stream types were not significant. 5. Algal taxon richness was greatest in tundra springs (13 taxa) and lowest in glacier streams (five taxa, P < 0.001), as was algal biovolume (7350 versus 687 mm3 m−2, P < 0.001). Macroinvertebrate taxon richness was lower in glacier streams (4.7 ± 1.7, P < 0.005) than the other stream types (20.5–25.0 taxa), and biomass was greater in mountain springs (4837 mg m−2) and tundra springs (3367 mg m−2, P < 0.001). 6. Multidimensional scaling and multiple regression analyses of macroinvertebrate (biomass) and periphyton (biovolume) indicated that a 2-dimensional habitat template with bed movement and freezing as axes provides an accurate model of major factors controlling the community structure of headwater streams in arctic Alaska.
A game inspired defense mechanism against distributed denial of service attacks

Game theory offers a promising approach toward modeling cyber attacks and countermeasures as games played among attackers and system defenders. The widely accepted concept of Nash equilibrium can be used to determine the optimal strategy for all players playing the game. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of game theory in modeling the defense against distributed denial of service attacks. In particular, we focus on attack scenarios that attempt to create congestion in bottleneck network links. We design a game model to determine the best defense strategy for the defender in such attack scenarios. In our model, the attacker uses a botnet consisting of multiple nodes to send rogue traffic in order to flood one or more links in the target network. The defender's challenge is to determine the best firewall settings to block rogue traffic while allowing legitimate traffic. We validate our game model using simulation. Furthermore, we build a comprehensive defense architecture called game inspired defense architecture and test its performance via emulation on one publicly available testbed called DeterLab. Open source software, such as Bro intrusion detection system, Dummynet network emulator, IP firewall, and Iperf network testing tool are used to build game inspired defense architecture. Our proposed defense solution exhibits promising results during both simulation and emulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Vertical-Mode Initialization to a Limited-Area Model in Flux Form

Abstract The vertical-mode initialization procedure of Bourke and MeGregor is applied to a limited-area weather prediction model that is formulated in flux form and is shown to be successful in reducing the undesirable gravity-wave oscillations in integrations of the numerical model. Alternative boundary conditions are developed for the scheme so that the changes to the wind at the lateral boundaries of the model are consistent with the changes in the integrated mass divergence and vorticity over the domain. The convergence of the modified scheme is shown to be rapid for two different grids. For a grid with significant topography along the lateral boundaries, use of increased diffusion in the boundary zone is shown to negatively impact the convergence of the scheme. Model integrations are performed to show the effectiveness of the scheme with improved boundary conditions in removing the gravity-wave oscillations. The results are compared with the damping of the gravity waves in the boundary zone by the ti...
Fast rotational matching of rigid bodies by fast Fourier transform acceleration of five degrees of freedom.

The `fast rotational matching' method (an approach to find the three rotational degrees of freedom in matching problems using just one three-dimensional FFT) is extended to the full six-dimensional (rotation and translation) matching scenario between two three-dimensional objects. By recasting this problem into a formulation involving five angles and just one translational parameter, it was possible to accelerate, by means of fast Fourier transforms, five of the six degrees of freedom of the problem. This method was successfully applied to the docking of atomic structures of components into three-dimensional low-resolution density maps. Timing comparisons performed with our method and with `fast translational matching' (the standard way to accelerate the translational parameters utilizing fast Fourier transforms) demonstrates that the performance gain can reach several orders of magnitude, especially for large map sizes. This gain can be particularly advantageous for spherical- and toroidal-shaped maps, since the scanning range of the translational parameter would be significantly constrained in these cases. The method can also be harnessed to the complementary surface (or `exterior docking') problem and to pattern recognition in image processing.
An overlay facility for LISP programs

An overlay facility is described which enables large LISP programs such as are frequently encountered in symbolic algebraic manipulation to be used in a memory environment considerably smaller than required for the entire program. This facility has been implemented in the University of Texas LISP for CDC 6000 series machines, and has been so far applied to Joel Moses' integration package with good results.
Energy conservation and life cycle costing methods

Abstract A qualitative summary of life-cycle costing procedures is presented, with particular reference to the role of the Department of Energy in assuring proper utilization of this type of analysis.
Some bis-amine complexes of boronium ions with bulky substituent of boron

Abstract The reaction of iodine with pyridine(1,1,3-trimethylpropyl)borane and pyridinedicylohexylborane in the presence of excess pyridine is anomalous when compared with previous work with the reaction involving less bulky substituents on boron: a mixture of products was obtained from which the complex ion, R 2 bis(pyridine)boron(III) + , could not be isolated. However, in the absence of excess pyridine iodine reacts with the pyridine boranes to afford the unstable pyridine iodoboranes, which react with pyridine to afford the bis-amine complexes. The dicyclohexylbis(pyridine)boron(III) cation was found to dehydroborate under relatively mild conditions to give the cyclohexylhydridobis(pyridine)boron(III) cation.
Lot-sizing with non-stationary cumulative capacities

We study a new class of capacitated economic lot-sizing problems. We show that the problem is NP-hard in general and derive a fully polynomial-time approximation algorithm under mild conditions on the cost functions. Furthermore, we develop a polynomial-time algorithm for the case where all cost functions are concave.
Multisensor ISR in geo-registered contextual visual dataspace (CVD)

Current ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) systems require an analyst to observe each video stream, which will result in analyst overload as systems such as ARGUS or Gorgon Stare come into use with many video streams generated by those sensor platforms. Full exploitation of these new sensors is not possible using today's one video stream per analyst paradigm. The Contextual Visual Dataspace (CVD) is a compact representation of real-time updating of dynamic objects from multiple video streams in a global (geo-registered/annotated) view that combines automated 3D modeling and semantic labeling of a scene. CVD provides a single integrated view of multiple automatically-selected video windows with 3D context. For a proof of concept, a CVD demonstration system performing detection, localization, and tracking of dynamic objects (e.g., vehicles and pedestrians) in multiple infrastructure camera views was developed using a combination of known computer vision methods, including foreground detection by background subtraction, ground-plane homography mapping, and appearance model-based tracking. Automated labeling of fixed and moving objects enables intelligent context-aware tracking and behavior analysis and will greatly improve ISR capabilities.
Shamara: writing and screening the female body

AbstractShamara, a novella by Svetlana Vasilenko published in 1990, was adapted for the screen by Natal'ia Andreichenko in 1994, based on Vasilenko's own screenplay. This article looks at the ways in which Andreichenko's adaptation of Shamara participates in post-Soviet cinematic conventions by subjecting the female body to sexual violence yet at the same time radically disrupts those conventions. Shamara's most significant challenge to post-Soviet cinema stems from the way it represents female subjectivity and sexuality. If glasnost and early post-Soviet films privilege the male gaze, Andreichenko's film undoes this privilege in that the female body becomes the subject structuring the gaze. As such, the construction of female sexuality in Shamara is largely a matter of self-representation rather than male definition. Moreover, although Shamara's body is the site of violation, in the final analysis, she triumphs over her abuse(rs) in that the violated body becomes the catalyst for enlightenment and change...
A VISION-BASED PRAGMATIC STRATEGY FOR AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION

This paper presents a novel approach based on active-vision paradigm, for generating local collision-free paths for mobile robot navigation, in indoor as well as outdoor environments. Two measurable visual motion cues that provide some measure for a relative change in range as well clearance between a 3D surface and a visually fixating observer in motion are described. The visual fields associated with the cues can be used to demarcate regions around a moving observer into safe and danger zones of varying degree, which is suitable for making local decisions about the steering as well as speed commands to the vehicle.
Sulfonation of [2,3-dichloropropyl]trifluoroethylene: synthesis of a new fluorinated β-sultone and derivatives

Abstract Two new olefins, CH 2 BrCHBrCH 2 CFCF 2 and CH 2 ClCHClCH 2 CFCF 2 , have been prepared as precursors to fluoro β-sultones. The new fluorinated sultone, CH 2 ClCHClCH 2 CFCF 2 OS O 2 , was obtained (from the sulfonation of CH 2 ClCHClCH 2 CFCF 2 ), along with its rearranged isomer, CH 2 ClCHClCH 2 CF(SO 2 F)C(O)F, and hydrolysis product, CH 2 ClCHClCH 2 CF(SO 2 F)C(O)OH.
Spectrum analysis of electroencephalographic changes induced by some psychoactive agents. Their possible relationship to changes in cerebral biogenic amine levels

Abstract Effects of several psychoactive compounds on the resting EEG of multiple brain structures in cats have been studied. Special attention was given to those drugs known to cause alterations in cerebral biogenic amine levels. It was found that most of these substances affected the electrical activity of the amygdaloid complex and the closely related pyriform cortex. Those substances which causedelevation of brain serotonin levels reduced or abolished amygdaloid 40 cps spindling. The same effect was produced by substances causingdepression of brain catecholamine levels. It is postulated that the limbic system, and especially the amygdaloid complex, may be an important site of action of psychoactive drugs. Their effects may be the result of alterations in the balance between serotonin and catecholamine levels.
Biological Evaluation of a Secondary Metabolite, 9-O-methylfusarubin, from Fusarium oxysporum

9-O-methylfusarubin was isolated from a novel source, Fusarion oxysporum, and evaluated for its phytotoxic and chlorotic inducing properties in plants as well as its potential as an antineoplastic agent. Etiolated wheat coleptiles were inhibited 100 and 40%, respectively, at 10-3 and 10-4 M. Bean plants were necrotic and chlorotic, with leaf malformations, following 10-2 M treatments. Corn plants were chlorotic following 10-3 and 10-4 M treatments. Tobacco plants exhibited subtle interveinal chlorosis with 10-2 M applications. All agrochemical effects were substantial, but transient. The anticancer properties were evaluated using ras transformed liver epithelial cells. Doses ranging from 12.5-50 μM provided a dose-dependent reduction in the number of viable cells when compared to controls. At the 50 μM dose, the number of viable cells was reduced by 65% suggesting potential antineoplastic effects of 9-O-methylfusarubin.
Rapid determination of nucleoside kinase and nucleotidase activities with tritium-labeled substrates.

Abstract Methods suitable for the assay of ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside kinases and of any enzyme that hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates have been described. Nucleotides are retained on disks of anion-exchange paper, while nucleosides are washed off. The technique of eluting the nucleotide from the disk within a liquid scintillation vial, followed by solution of the eluate in a suitable scintillation solvent, permits the use of tritium- as well as 14C-labeled substrates. It has been demonstrated that tritium-labeled nucleotides may be counted as reliably as 14C-labeled compounds if the samples are first eluted into the liquid phase. The abilities of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) substituted paper and of Amberlite impregnated paper (SB-2) to retain nucleotides were compared as the salt concentration of the sample was increased. Under the conditions normally used for enzyme assays both papers retained 100% of the labeled nucleotide, while the percentage of nucleotide retained decreased as the salt concentration of the sample was increased. SB-2 paper was found to be substantially more retentive than DEAE paper, but both papers retained more than 50% of the labeled dCMP or dTMP from samples containing 1 M KCl.
The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

Abstract This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianita and romanita centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.
The Temporal Impact of Management Faculty Style and Course Characteristics Some Theoretical and Developmental Implications

Faculty evaluation and semester grade effects of management faculty communication style variables (expressiveness and supportiveness) operating through intervening course variables (fairness and student personal fit with course) were assessed in a longitudinal study of two separate student samples (n = 265 and 340, respectively) using structural equation modeling (LISREL-7). Based on the study results, managerial implications for faculty development that recognize and respond to the multidimensional aspects of student learning are discussed and the findings are related to broader aspects of the managerial, communication, and education literatures.
Chronologic aging alters the response to ultraviolet-induced inflammation in human skin.

In order to determine the effect of age on the capacity of human skin to mount an inflammatory response, the sunburn reaction was studied quantitatively in 4 subjects aged 22–26yr and 7 subjects aged 62–86yr. Buttock skin of each subject was exposed to 3times his minimal erythema dose, using a Hanovia mercury vapor lamp; 1 micrometer histologic sections and determinations of histamine and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) from suction blister aspirates were used to minitor the reaction. Clinically, erythema and edema were less ( p 2 in old adults ( p 2 rose more slowly in blister aspirates from old adults ( p p
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Knockout (VIP KO) mouse model of sulfite-sensitive asthma: up-regulation of novel lung carbonyl reductase.

Background: We earlier reported spontaneous features of asthma in Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide knockout mice (VIP KO): 1) peribronchiolar airway inflammation, with accumulation of lymphocytes and eosinophils, 2) proinflammatory cytokine production of IL-5, IL-6, with IFN-g, and 3) airway hyper-responsiveness to inhaled methacholine. In human asthma, a phenotype with sulfite sensitivity leads to airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness to inhaled sulfites, and is associated with upregulation of anti-oxidant protein lung carbonyl reductase. For the present experiments, we examined the role of VIP in modulating anti-oxidant genes and their proteins, including lung carbonyl reductase. Results: Four male VIP KO mice and four wild-type age- and gender matched mice had lungs examined for whole genome microarray and a proteomics approach using mass spectrometry. The proteomics analysis revealed that a novel variant of anti-oxidant protein lung carbonyl reductase (car3) was uniquely and markedly elevated in the VIP KO mice. RT-PCR indicated that carbonic anhydrase 3, which is an anti-oxidant protein, was elevated in the VIP KO mice. Conclusions: These data support the concept that VIP influences the endogenous oxidant/antioxidant balance. One potential implication is that VIP and its analogues may be used to treat inflammatory diseases, including asthma.
Errors in off‐axis treatment planning for a 4‐MeV machine

Computertreatment planning systems allow dose computation in planes parallel to the central one (off‐axis plans). The beam data may consist of, e.g., percentage depth doses along the central axis plus off‐axis ratios (OAR) at several depths. In some systems, the calculation of an off‐axis plan is based on the assumption that the OAR can be represented by a separable function: OAR(x, y)= f(x)⋅ g( y), where x and y are the symmetry axes perpendicular to the beam axis and the functions f and g are equal for a square open field. The errors of this assumption for a 4‐MeV machine were measured for open fields and wedged fields at five different depths. The measured dose was compared with that predicted by the above equation for points at 50%, 75%, and 88% of the half field width from the beam axis. Maximum deviation of more than 10% was observed with the probable error of the measurement being 1%.
Adsorbate structural determination of CO and HCNH using C K-edge NEXAFS on W(100)-(5 × 1)-C

Abstract The adsorption structures of CO, HCN, and HCNH on W(100)-(5 × 1)-C were determined using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure. A normalization technique that removes structures in the spectra that arise from the carbon adiayer as presented. CO is bound perpendicular to the surface and has a bond length of 1.13 ±0.05 A. The positions of the edge jumps at the C K- and O K-edges relative to the C(1s) and O(1s) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy binding energies are significantly different. The differences are attributed to the fact that CO bonds weakly to the surface through the carbon atom, with little back bonding from the carbon-modified metal surface. The HCNH intermediate formed by heating to 475 K is oriented with its C-N bond vector inclined at an angle of 58° ±10° with respect to the surface normal and a C-N bond length of 1.34 ±0.04 A. This species is suggested to bond via the carbon atom which is sp2 hybridized.
An efficient algorithm for link-distance problems

The link distance between two points inside a simple polygon P is defined to be the minimum number of edges required to form a polygonal path inside P that connects the points. A link furthest neighbor of a point p E P is a point of P whose link distance is the maximum from p. The link center of P is the collection of points whose link distances to their link furthest neighbors are minimized. We present an O(n log n) time and O(n) space algorithm for computing the link center of a simple polygon P, where n is the number of vertices of P. This improves the previous O(n2) time and space algorithm. Our algorithm essentially sweeps a chord through the polygon and spends O(log n) time at each step. We demonstrate that the output of the algorithm, a sequence of sets of chords, is a powerful tool for solving several other link distance problems.
Structural and Phase Transformations During Crystallization of Pd 43 Ni 10 Cu 27 P 20 Metallic Glass

Crystallization of the Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 amorphous alloy during isothermal annealing in the undercooled temperature region is studied by electron microscopy and diffrential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is established that different crystallization processes take place above and below the nose temperature of the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram. Detailed analysis of the microstructural evolution at the early stages of the crystallization is performed. In addition, the stable phases in the Pd-Ni-Cu-P system are identified.
GaInAs PIN photodetectors on semi-insulating substrates

An InGaAs/InP PIN photodiode integrated with 50 ohms coplanar waveguides has been fabricated on a semi-insulating substrate for high-speed operation. This photodetector exhibits a system limited impulse response of 16 ps, which is considered to be the fastest measured impulse response reported to date for these devices.
Neonatal morbidity in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus: Predictive value of maternal glycemic profiles

The relationship between glycemic control and perinatal outcome was assessed in a relatively uniform population of 75 White Class B through D pregnant diabetic women. All patients used glucose reflectance meter self-monitoring and performed a minimum of four determinations daily. Mean capillary blood glucose was calculated from a minimum of 16 weeks of determinations. Regression analysis confirmed a correlation between these values and third-trimester hemoglobin A1 (p less than 0.001). The study population was divided into two groups on the basis of mean capillary blood glucose values: group I, mean capillary blood glucose less than 110 mg/dl (43 patients) (mean = 96.8 +/- 7.1); group II, mean capillary blood glucose greater than 110 mg/dl (32 patients) (mean = 126 +/- 9.0). Of the 32 patients in group II, eight had mean capillary blood glucose greater than or equal to 130 mg/dl. The degree of maternal glycemic control appeared to affect perinatal outcome. At least one form of infant morbidity was present in 33% of group I infants compared with 53% of group II. Significant differences were observed for the incidence of hypoglycemia (p less than 0.05), macrosomia (p less than 0.05), and respiratory distress syndrome (p less than 0.01). One of six group I infants delivered at 35 to 36 weeks developed respiratory distress syndrome, compared with four of seven group II patients. The appearance of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid appeared delayed in group II patients at term. These data suggest that maintaining mean capillary blood glucose values less than 110 mg/dl may serve to reduce several major forms of morbidity in the infant of the diabetic mother. This information is helpful in establishing objectives for glycemic control in pregnant women using self-monitoring techniques.
Mammograms on-the-go-predictors of repeat visits to mobile mammography vans in St Louis, Missouri, USA: a case-control study.

Objectives Among women, breast cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related death. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which women use mobile mammography vans for breast cancer screening and what factors are associated with repeat visits to these vans. Design A case–control study. Cases are women who had a repeat visit to the mammography van. (n=2134). Participants Women who received a mammogram as part of Siteman Cancer Center9s Breast Health Outreach Program responded to surveys and provided access to their clinical records (N=8450). Only visits from 2006 to 2014 to the mammography van were included. Outcome measures The main outcome is having a repeat visit to the mammography van. Among the participants, 25.3% (N=2134) had multiple visits to the mobile mammography van. Data were analysed using χ2 tests, logistic regression and negative binomial regression. Results Women who were aged 50–65, uninsured, or African-American had higher odds of a repeat visit to the mobile mammography van compared with women who were aged 40–50, insured, or Caucasian (OR=1.135, 95% CI 1.013 to 1.271; OR=1.302, 95% CI 1.146 to 1.479; OR=1.281, 95% CI 1.125 to 1.457), respectively. However, the odds of having a repeat visit to the van were lower among women who reported a rural ZIP code or were unemployed compared with women who provided a suburban ZIP code or were employed (OR=0.503, 95% CI 0.411 to 0.616; OR=.868, 95% CI 0.774 to 0.972), respectively. Conclusion This study has identified key characteristics of women who are either more or less likely to use mobile mammography vans as their primary source of medical care for breast cancer screening and have repeat visits.
Impingement-based high performance cooling configurations for automotive power converters

Abstract Necessitated by the dwindling supply of petroleum resources, various new automotive technologies have been actively developed from the perspective of achieving energy security and diversifying energy sources. Hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles are a few such examples. Such diversification requires the use of power control units essentially for power control, power conversion and power conditioning applications such as variable speed motor drives (dc–ac conversion), dc–dc converters and other similar devices. Power control unit of a hybrid electric vehicle or electric vehicle is essentially the brain of the hybrid system as it manages the power flow between the electric motor generator, battery and gas engine. Over the last few years, the performance of this power control unit has been improved and size has been reduced to attain higher efficiency and performance causing the heat dissipation as well as heat density to increase significantly. Efforts are constantly being made to reduce this size even further. As a consequence, a better high performance cooler/heat exchanger is required to maintain the active devices temperature within optimum range. Jet impingement is one such cooling scheme which has been widely used to dissipate transient and steady concentrated heat loads and can be applied to existing cooling system with minor modifications. The aim of the present study has therefore been to study the various cooling options based on impingement for application in hybrid electric vehicle and other similar consumer products and perform parametric and optimization study on the selected designs. Significant improvements in terms of thermal performance and volume reduction have been shown both experimentally and numerically.
62K Proteins Constitute the Major Neurofilament Proteins in the Frog Optic Nerve

The frog optic nerve contains a major group of proteins at a molecular weight of 62K. These proteins are insoluble in nonionic detergents, reactive with a general antibody to intermediate filament proteins, and not labeled by ex vivo incubations of optic nerve. They were therefore considered neurofilament proteins. Axonal transport and enucleation studies were performed to characterize further the origin of these proteins. The results show that the 62K proteins are transported into the optic nerve at a very slow rate (0.1 mm/day). After enucleation, these proteins are substantially reduced in concentration to 20% of the control value at 13 weeks. The predominant neurofilament proteins of the frog optic nerve are 62K in molecular weight. These results are discussed in terms of the anatomy of the frog optic nerve and also contrasted to findings obtained for the goldfish optic nerve.
O-018 Variability in Response to a 75mg Daily Clopidogrel Dose in a Cohort of 90 Patients Undergoing Endovascular Treatment of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms

Background and Purpose Recent studies have suggested that variability in response to clopidogrel therapy may explain some of the thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications encountered after endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms with flow-diversion or stent-assistance. This study aims to determine the variability in response to a 75mg daily clopidogrel dose measured with VerifyNow in a cohort of patients undergoing endovascular treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients who were started on a daily 75mg clopidogrel dose 7 to 10 days prior to endovascular treatment of a cerebral aneurysm and had the response to clopidogrel therapy measured with VerifyNow prior to the procedure over a 15-month period. Baseline clinical characteristics, concurrent medications and routine pre-operative laboratory values were collected. Changes in response to the daily 75mg clopidogrel dose in patients who underwent follow-up VerifyNow testing were also recorded. The target P2Y12 receptor inhibition range was 60–240 P2Y12 reaction units (PRU), with a PRU>240 considered a hypo-response to clopidogrel therapy (P2Y12 receptor under-inhibition), and a PRU Results Ninety patients were included in the study, 66 female (73.3%) and 24 male (26.7%). Mean age was 57.4 years (median 59.9 years, range 25–82 years). Mean pre-procedure PRU value after 6–9 75mg clopidogrel doses was 140.1 (median 143 PRU, range 3–399 PRU). Eighteen patients exhibited a hyper-response to clopidogrel therapy (20%, PRU 240, figure). There was a trend toward an increased likelihood of a hyper-response to clopidogrel therapy among female patients (24.2%) compared to male patients (8.3%, p-value 0.14). Overall, 39.4% of female patients and 25% of male patients were outside the target P2Y12 receptor inhibition range in pre-procedure VerifyNow testing. Follow-up VerifyNow testing was performed in 32 patients (35.6%), which revealed that 33.3% of patients who had initially been within the target PRU range exhibited a “conversion” to a hyper-response to a daily 75mg clopidogrel dose (mean 15.2 PRU, median 8 PRU, range 1–59 PRU). We found no increased likelihood of P2Y12 receptor over-inhibition in patients on a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (18.8%), or P2Y12 receptor under-inhibition in patients on a proton pump inhibitor (9.1%). Conclusion We found wide variability in patient response after 6–9 daily 75mg clopidogrel doses, with 20% of patients exhibiting P2Y12 receptor over-inhibition (PRU>60) and 16% of patients exhibiting P2Y12 receptor under-inhibition (PRU>240). Disclosures J. Delgado Almandoz: 2; C; Covidien/ev3. Y. Kadkhodayan: None. J. Scholz: None. B. Crandall: 2; C; Covidien/ev3. J. Fease: None. R. Anderson: None. D. Tubman: 2; C; Covidien/ev3, MicroVention.
Tennessee Valley Authority's 500-kY System - Step-Down Substation Design

The determining factor, used by the Tennessee Valley Authority, in selecting the insulating system for extra-high-voltage (EHV) substations, is the long-duration switching surge. investment in lines and substations makes outages for maintenance economically undesirable; consequently, TVA has designed its stations so that some changes and maintenance can be performed while the equipment is energized. Employment of vertical reach switches is a TVA design feature, which provides an arrangement whereby mechanical equipment can be used to repair breakers and disconnect switches without outage time. The ring bus switching scheme is applicable except in cases where more than three lines and one bank are likely to be involved; then, the main and transfer scheme is adopted.
An examination of OLED display application to military equipment

OLED display technology has developed sufficiently to support small format commercial applications such as cell-phone main display functions. Revenues seem sufficient to finance both performance improvements and to develop new applications. The situation signifies the possibility that OLED technology is on the threshold of credibility for military applications. This paper will examine both performance and some possible applications for the military ground mobile environment, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of this promising new technology.
Effect of Waste Management and Egg Processing on the Flavor of Cooked Eggs

Abstract Five different waste management systems for laying hens were compared to study the effect of manure odors on the flavor of eggs cooked in the shells. Hen-house environments did not affect the flavor of soft cooked eggs. Some of the eggs cooked for 20 minutes at 93°C. were stored in shells at 5°C., the others were peeled and packaged in Cryovac bags, with or without vacuum, and held at 5°C. for varying lengths of time. Loss of egg flavor was noticed at one to two weeks of storage in both processes. This loss of flavor in peeled eggs was associated with exudation of eggs and/or dipping the peeled eggs in wash water. Both the exudate and the egg wash water had hydrogen sulfide (H2 S). As the time of dipping eggs was increased, there was a progressive accumulation of H2 S in egg wash water, which related to increased loss of egg flavor. Recommendations for processing eggs are included.
Creation and functional screening of a multi-use peptide library.

Abstract Studies of functional interactions between transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors and ligands would benefit from the ability to utilize synthetic molecule libraries. This is realized here by the construction and application of a multi-use combinatorial peptide library (MUPL). Peptides are liberated from their supports in a dry state so that the problem of signal interference due to mixing of peptide molecules, particularly agonists and antagonists, is avoided. In addition, the peptides are released from their supports in a controlled manner so that fractions are available for multiple independent tests, thus eliminating the need for iterative library analysis and resynthesis. The MUPL concept was validated with a functional screen which detects agonists to G-protein-coupled receptors and led to the discovery of new ligands. It is expected that combining MUPLs with functional assays will enhance both basic scientific research and the rates of drug discovery and development.
STIMULUS CHARACTERISTICS AND REINFORCEMENT IN PROBABILITY LEARNING

This study attempted to examine the influence of variations in stimulus characteristics on choice behavior in a binary-choice probability learning task. Earlier work by Snelbecker and Schwaab (3) suggested that stimulus characteristics may influence response choice and latency on a two-choice operant learning cask. In more recent work (1) some Ss who had to choose between two pictures of racing cars on a probability learning task stated that they had made their choices on the basis of which car was designed better, which was driven on a slight downhill grade, which had the higher idenrification number, etc. Other stimuli produced other attempts at deduction. It seemed, then, that at least some Ss were reacting to the task as a cognitive puzzle to which there was a correct answer rather than as a probability learning task in which there was no perfect solution available. This suggested that characteristics of the stimuli might influence probability learning independent of the schedule of reinforcement for choices. Such a stimulus would have an effect early in the program afh~ch would dissipate with many trials. Stimuli congruent with the reinforcement conrlngcncles would be expected to facilitate learning and reduce response latency. The opposlre was expected for incongruent stimuli. Further, it was predicted that increasing the strength of the reinforcer (in this case by adding points to a bell-ring and a light-flash) would tend to weaken any stimulus effects. A 75% to 25% pcobability learning procedure similar to that pioneered by Siegel (2) was used, with each S being asked to respond to the identical probability learning task differing only in the type of information conveyed by one of five pairs of discriminant stimuli. Ss were also divided on the basis of whether they did or did not receive points on a counter as positive reinforcement.
Pauli Paramagnetism in a Fermi Glass

A broad Lorentzian ESR line in H-doped Ca${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$$\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$crystals has been observed and assigned to itinerant electrons in ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ orbitals. The spin susceptibility and the ESR linewidth vary weakly between 20 and 300 K, whereas the conductivity varies strongly, consistent with Mott's $\mathrm{exp}\ensuremath{-}{(\frac{{T}_{0}}{T})}^{\frac{1}{4}}$ variable-range hopping law for random systems. Our observations demonstrate the existence of Fermi statistics in this system of protons and $d$ electrons which may be more clustered than purely random.
Ranking through integration of protein-similarity for identification of cell-cyclic genes

Gene array experiments are progressively conducted. However, the biological functional interpretation has not kept pace with this rapid escalation. Functional genomics using data mining methods potentially offers precise, objective, and more reliable gene identification. Our work creates a gene-ranking scheme by integrating gene expression profile phase information with protein similarity to identify cell-cyclic genes. We present a unique schema to enable integration by employing QR-factorisation from the pair-wise similarity matrix formulation. Angular coefficients are derived and consequently employed for integrated gene ranking. Experimental results on an independent benchmark dataset signify the efficacy of the method.
On Acoustic reciprocity; a paradox by E. Eisner (Geophysics, Vol. 48, p. 1132-1134) or Eisner's paradox resolved; discussion and reply

Eisner has concocted a clever geometrical arrangement that appears to contradict the principle of acoustic reciprocity. In essence his example consists of a truncated opaque ellipsoidal reflector with the source and receiver situated at the foci as shown in Figure 1. In the limit of geometrical optics it is evident that only half the energy emitted by a source at 2 will contribute to the reflected arrival at 1 while a substantially larger fraction of the energy emitted by a source at 1 will appear at 2. Naively it seems as if the geometrical amplitude of the reflected arrival at 2 should exceed that at 1, in apparent violation of the reciprocity theorem.
Feminist philosophy of science: ‘standpoint’ and knowledge

Feminist philosophy of science has been criticized on several counts. On the one hand, it is claimed that it results in relativism of the worst sort since the political commitment to feminism is prima facie incompatible with scientific objectivity. On the other hand, when critics acknowledge that there may be some value in work that feminists have done, they comment that there is nothing particularly feminist about their accounts. I argue that both criticisms can be addressed through a better understanding of the current work in feminist epistemology. I offer an examination of standpoint theory as an illustration. Harding and Wylie have suggested ways in which the objectivity question can be addressed. These two accounts together with a third approach, ‘model-based objectivity’, indicate there is a clear sense in which we can understand how a standpoint theory both contributes to a better understanding of scientific knowledge and can provide a feminist epistemology.
Macroscopic quantum tunneling in quasi one-dimensional metals. I. Experiment.

A systematic program of experiments designed to test the tunneling theory of charge-density-wave conduction has been carried out over a wide temperature range below three different Peierls transitions in Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ and Ta${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$. The results support the hypothesis that charge-density waves depin by quantum tunneling, and are in detailed and consistent agreement with predictions of the model described in the companion paper.
A Tubular Self-Synchronous Motor for Artificial Heart Pump Drive

Buildup and test of a permanent magnet, tubular, self-synchronous motor and the associated microprocessor-based power conditioning link are discussed. The motor is controlled for variable frequency axial oscillation demonstrating suitability to function as an energy conversion intermediary between a battery pack and an artificial heart pumping element. Strengths and weaknesses of the test bed system are discussed along with future plans directed toward development of an implantable pump drive for an artificial heart.
Stochastic adaptive control model for traffic signal systems

An adaptive control model of a network of signalized intersections is proposed based on a discrete-time, stationary, Markov decision process. The model incorporates probabilistic forecasts of individual vehicle actuations at downstream inductance loop detectors that are derived from a macroscopic link transfer function. The model is tested both on a typical isolated traffic intersection and a simple network comprised of five four-legged signalized intersections, and compared to full-actuated control. Analyses of simulation results using this approach show significant improvement over traditional full-actuated control, especially for the case of high volume, but not saturated, traffic demand.
A work in progress: the metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome refers to a constellation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. They include elevated plasma glucose concentrations, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Thes...