cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty propagation of chemical kinetics parameters and binary diffusion coefficients in predicting extinction limits of hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen non-premixed flames

A comprehensive investigation of the uncertainties associated with the experimental and numerical evaluation of the extinction strain rate in hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen non-premixed flames is presented in this work. The reported new experimental uncertainties of the extinction strain rate include several sources of uncertainties that typically affect the characterisation of velocity and boundary conditions of counterflow flames via particle image velocimetry. The uncertainties associated with the numerical determination of the extinction strain rate not only depend upon the selected chemical kinetics parameters but also on the binary diffusion coefficients. In order to identify the major sources of uncertainties in the chemical and diffusion models, a Monte Carlo based high-dimensional model representation analysis of the extinction curve was performed. Independent and simultaneous perturbations of relevant chemical kinetics and diffusion parameters have shown that the uncertainties associated with the bina...
Fate and removal of estrogens in municipal wastewater

Natural and synthetic estrogens are some of the most potent endocrine disrupting compounds found in municipal wastewater. Much research has been conducted on the source and fate of estrogens in wastewater treatment plants. Sorption and biodegradation are the primary removal mechanisms for estrogens in activated sludge systems, which are widely used biological treatment techniques for municipal wastewater treatment. However, when removal of estrogens in a wastewater treatment plant is incomplete, these compounds enter the environment through wastewater discharges or waste activated sludge at concentrations that can cause endocrine-reproductive system alterations in birds, reptiles and mammals. Therefore, studies have also focused on potential advanced treatment technologies with the aim of removing the compounds before discharging wastewater effluent or disposing waste sludge. This review discusses the physiological effects of these estrogens and the degree of problems estrogens pose as they enter the wastewater stream. Thereafter, this review also analyzes their fate in wastewater treatment systems and how they may reach drinking water sources. Furthermore, this review includes a discussion on various treatment technologies being investigated and future research trends for this pressing environmental issue.
Investigation of Rare‐Earth Doped Barium Titanate

The effect of additions of 0.0015 to 0.0030 mole fraction of rare earth oxides on the d-c resistivity of sintered barium titanate was investigated. The substitution may be represented by (X/sub 2/O/sub 3/)M (BaTiO/sub 3/)/sub 1-M/, where X is the rare earth. The rare earths samarium, gadolinium, and holmium were introduced singly into the titanate, and the resistivity was measured as a function of temperature from -170 deg to +330 deg C. An anomalous increase near the tetragonal -- cubic transition temperature at 120 deg C occurred which in some cases amounted to an increase in the resistivity of 4000 times the value in the tetragonal phase. The thermoelectric power of the material changed sign at the Curie temperature. The tetragonal phase exhibited n-type behavior whereas the cubic phase was p-type. The rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases exhibited conduction activation energies of the order of 0.2 ev whereas that in the tetragonal phase was approximately 0.1 ev. (auth)
Involvement of Listeria monocytogenes Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C and Host Protein Kinase C in Permeabilization of the Macrophage Phagosome

We have previously shown that phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) produced by Listeria monocytogenes activates a host protein kinase C (PKC) cascade which promotes escape of the bacterium from a macrophage-like cell phagosome. Here, we provide evidence linking bacterial PI-PLC and host PKC beta to phagosome permeabilization, which precedes escape.
Radiopacity study of extended-release formulations using digitalized radiography

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of radiography in the assessment/treatment of toxic ingestions and to compare the radiopacity of extended-release formulations to their basic preparations using standard and digitized radiography in vitro. Medications were placed in an in vitro model of the human abdomen. Images were exposed at 80 kV, 20 MAS, with a tube to table distance of 101.6 cm. Images were enhanced by optical scanning and digitized. Radiopacity was compared with ferrous sulfate. A 100% increase in detection was appreciated when the standard radiograph was digitally enhanced. No trend toward one formulation being more radiopaque than the other. Only capsules were more radiolucent than surrounding in vitro model. Digital enhancement of a standard radiograph was shown to improve the detectability of the tested oral dosage forms in vitro. Sensitivity of digital radiography in vivo has not yet been established. Based on the data presented, however, further studies using digital radiography to document and to monitor acute toxic ingestions in-vivo are warranted.
Role of Ryanodine Receptors in the Assembly of Calcium Release Units in Skeletal Muscle

Abstract. In muscle cells, excitation–contraction (e–c) coupling is mediated by “calcium release units,” junctions between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and exterior membranes. Two proteins, which face each other, are known to functionally interact in those structures: the ryanodine receptors (RyRs), or SR calcium release channels, and the dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs), or L-type calcium channels of exterior membranes. In skeletal muscle, DHPRs form tetrads, groups of four receptors, and tetrads are organized in arrays that face arrays of feet (or RyRs). Triadin is a protein of the SR located at the SR–exterior membrane junctions, whose role is not known. We have structurally characterized calcium release units in a skeletal muscle cell line (1B5) lacking Ry1R. Using immunohistochemistry and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, we find that DHPR and triadin are clustered in foci in differentiating 1B5 cells. Thin section electron microscopy reveals numerous SR–exterior membrane junctions lacking foot structures (dyspedic). These results suggest that components other than Ry1Rs are responsible for targeting DHPRs and triadin to junctional regions. However, DHPRs in 1B5 cells are not grouped into tetrads as in normal skeletal muscle cells suggesting that anchoring to Ry1Rs is necessary for positioning DHPRs into ordered arrays of tetrads. This hypothesis is confirmed by finding a “restoration of tetrads” in junctional domains of surface membranes after transfection of 1B5 cells with cDNA encoding for Ry1R.
Renormalization-group limit cycle for the 1 ∕ r 2 potential

Previous work has shown that if an attractive $1∕{r}^{2}$ potential is regularized at short distances by a spherical square-well potential, renormalization allows multiple solutions for the depth of the square well. The depth can be chosen to be a continuous function of the short-distance cutoff $R$, but it can also be a log-periodic function of $R$ with finite discontinuities, corresponding to a renormalization-group (RG) limit cycle. We consider the regularization with a $\ensuremath{\delta}$-shell potential. In this case, the coupling constant is uniquely determined to be a log-periodic function of $R$ with infinite discontinuities, and an RG limit cycle is unavoidable. In general, a regularization with an RG limit cycle is selected as the correct renormalization of the $1∕{r}^{2}$ potential by the conditions that the cutoff radius $R$ can be made arbitrarily small and that physical observables are reproduced accurately at all energies much less than ${\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}∕m{R}^{2}$.
Semantic Key for Meaning Based Searching

To enable meaning based search, computers have to store and compare meaning of user’s search intentions and objects being searched. To address the key requirement of meaning compositionality, we present: design rationale; an algebraic theory; and a technique to represent composite meaning as a tensor which is amenable to efficient similarity computation.
Adenosine A3 Receptor Activation Modulates the Capillary Endothelial Glycocalyx

The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic extracellular matrix composed of cell surface proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and adsorbed serum proteins that has been implicated in the regulation and modulation of capillary tube hematocrit, permeability, and hemostasis. High tissue adenosine levels have been shown to adversely affect microvascular function and tissue survival after an ischemic episode, and previous work in this laboratory has shown that adenosine causes arteriolar constriction and degranulation of mast cells via the A3 receptor (A3AR). We hypothesized that adenosine exerts at least part of its effect through modification of the glycocalyx via the A3AR. We used an in vivo cremaster model (hamster and mouse) in which circulating plasma was labeled with a 70-kDa FITC-dextran, and the capillaries were examined before and after superfusion with varying concentrations of adenosine (or other vasoactive molecules). Measurements of the dextran exclusion from an endothelial cell surface layer and red cell separation from the endothelial cell surface were made for up to 30 minutes. Our data indicate that adenosine causes a rapid and profound decrease in the ability of the glycocalyx to exclude dextran but only affects red blood cell exclusion at pharmacological levels. Knockout mice deficient in the A3AR were completely protected from glycocalyx changes attributable to adenosine. These data show a potential link between a known vasoactive tissue metabolite, adenosine, and regulation of the glycocalyx, which may be important during (patho)physiological changes in microvascular function during inflammatory insults.
Calcium-inhibitable current in cultured embryonic chick cardiac myocytes: possibly via a novel chloride channel

The role of extracellular Ca2+ (Ca(2+)o) in the modulation of cardiac Cl- currents (I(Cl)) such as those activated by cAMP or swelling is uncertain. The effects of Ca(2+)o and extracellular cadmium (Cd(2+)o) on Cl- currents in cultured chick cardiac myocytes were investigated in Na+- and K+-free internal and external solutions using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. In the absence of Na+ and K+ internally and externally, the whole-cell current was predominantly I(Cl). In the absence of cAMP, removal of Ca(2+)o (+ 1 mM EGTA) resulted in an increase in the current that was suppressed by reduction of Cl(o)- with a rightward shift of the zero-current potential towards the CI- reversal potential. We designated this current as a Ca2+-inhibitable I(Cl). Addition of 0.5 mM Cd(2+)o with or without removal of Ca(2+)o also resulted in a 1.5- to 2.0-fold increase in I(Cl) that was attenuated by 1 mM DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid). Under similar conditions, I(Cl) activated by Cd(2+)o (in 1 mM Ca(2+)o solution) was not further increased by subsequent removal of Ca(2+)o, suggesting that addition of Cd(2+)o and removal of Ca(2+)o activated the same I(Cl). In contrast, exposure to 1 microM forskolin further enhanced I(Cl) in the presence of Cd(2+)o. With 10 microM cAMP in the pipette solution, Ca2+-inhibitable I(Cl) could be activated in myocytes that do not possess cAMP-activated Cl- channels, indicating that activation of Ca2+-inhibitable I(Cl) does not require cAMP. In the presence of cAMP, in cells that display the cAMP-activated I(Cl), removal of Ca(2+)o resulted in a further increase in I(Cl) comparable to the Ca2+-inhibitable I(Cl). The Ca2+-inhibitable I(Cl) was minimized when pipette solutions contained 1.5 microM Ca2+. These results suggest that removal of Ca(2+)o or application of Cd(2+)o activates a Ca2+-inhibitable I(Cl) that is distinct from the cAMP-activated I(Cl).
Optimal control of switched systems: new results and open problems

In optimal control problems of switched systems, we may need to find both an optimal continuous input and an optimal switching sequence since the system dynamics vary before and after every switching instant. In the paper, optimal control problems for both continuous-time and discrete-time switched systems are formulated and investigated. In particular, we regard an optimal control problem as a two stage optimization problem and discuss its solution algorithm. The dynamic programming approach is also studied. Difficulties and open problems are discussed.
Total mesorectal preserving proctectomy.

Proctectomy was performed on a 49-year-old male for a chronic perineal wound and fecal incontinence following trauma. The plane of dissection was close to the posterior rectal wall, leaving the mesorectum intact with its blood supply (Figs. 1, 2, 3). This technique can be considered for benign pathology and minimizes the risk of injury to the ureter, blood vessels and nerves. Moreover, the in situ mesorectum fills the pelvis like a vascularized flap decreasing dead space.
An efficient technique for the iterative solution of large dense matrices arising in method of moments simulation of MMIC problems

This paper presents a novel technique referred to herein as MNM for efficient iterative solution of MoM matrices over a broad frequency range. It utilizes a combination of techniques to reduce the number of iterations required to generate the solution including a special choice of the initial guess, and efficient preconditioning. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the application of the MNM to representative microwave circuit analysis problems.
Administrative Discretion and Environmental Regulation: Agency Substantive Rules and Court Decisions in U.S. Air and Water Quality Policies

The main challenge of the scholarship with administrative discretion is how to reach the appropriate balance between a commitment to legislative preferences and flexibility in regulating diverse targets in constantly changing environments. This article focuses on how regulators and courts interact in influencing the potential for administrative discretion in U.S. environmental policy. It creates an analytical framework highlighting the construction of substantive rules by an agency, the interpretation of agency rulings by courts, capacity of an agency for implementation, and legislative responsiveness to agency rulings. It also analyzes several cases of the introduction of incentive-based economic instruments administered by the Environmental Protection Agency in air and water policies. The cases reveal the intensified and expanded production of substantive regulations by the agency and the trajectory of a struggle in the judiciary to advance both the legislative intent and the substantive goal of protecting the environment in a more cost-effective and less burdensome way.
Do Utility Stocks Provide Exposure To Bond Markets

This study examines the relationship between utility stock returns and various bond or interest rate index returns. In contrast to the S&P 500 index, utility stocks show a positive relationship to bond returns. Utility stocks also are more correlated with corporate bond returns than the stock indexes. Overall, utility stocks are considered an excellent diversification tool. The upside of the stock market can be captured, but with less downside risk.
254 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY OF SPERM AND BULL FERTILITY

Bull fertility, the ability of the spermatozoon to fertilize and activate the egg as well as support early embryonic development, is crucial for efficient production of cattle. With the major advances in fundamental science of reproduction, such as genomics, and in biotechnology, such as assisted reproductive technologies, bull influence on herd production has been accentuated. In addition to providing half of the genome for the zygote, sperm also contribute proteins, transcripts, and epigenetic traits that play important roles in sperm physiology, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Recently, using sperm from Holstein bulls with different in vivo fertility data, we have demonstrated that sperm Protamine 1 protein and a panel of microRNA are associated with bull fertility. In addition, molecular and cellular biology experiments on the analyses of sperm nuclear proteins showed that bull sperm have significant levels of histones that are also associated with bull fertility. This presentation will convey the results of most relevant research on discovery of sperm biomolecular markers associated with semen quality and bull fertility. Because of the available field data in bull fertility and the physiological similarities between bovine and other mammals, research results stemming from the systems biology of bull fertility are applicable to other species as well.
THE DETAILED CHANGES CHARACTERISTIC OF HEALING BONE IN AMPUTATION STUMPS

In the foregoing pages we have presented specimens illustrating in detail the several stages of healing bone in amputation stumps. Within five or six days from the date of operation (W. R. U. 262) the cut surface is rarefied by increased vascularity so fine that, though it is obvious in the roentgenogram, it cannot be seen on the specimen except under magnification. This erosion gradually obliterates the saw cuts and rounds off the margins of the cut face. By the lapse of eleven days after operation (W. R. U. 864) the erosion, unequally progressive and still permitting evidence of the saw cuts, is plainly most active in those areas of the cut shaft which are thinnest and least injured. After thirteen days (W. R. U. 319) the saw cuts may be entirely obliterated and callus, both periosteal and endosteal, well developed. If the amputation has taken place through cancellous tissue and not through the marrow cavity, the lapse of fifteen days (W. R. U. 1019) is enough to permit fair healing with even the commencing appearance of waxy textured bone on the face of the stump. But if the marrow cavity be opened, seventeen days later the canal is still quite patent, though narrowed somewhat by the development of concentric rings from the endosteal callus (W. R. U. 1585). After several weeks the endosteal callus has formed an imperfect cap for the medullary cavity and the vascular channels on the eroded cut face are narrowed (W. R. U. 952). This is soon followed by the closure of the vascular channels and by a wax-like transformation of the texture of the new bone (W. R. U. 1519, W. R. U. 1217).
Perceptions of efficacy of minority and non-minority school-based decision-making council members in Kentucky's region 1 and region 2 school systems.

PERCEPTIONS OF EFFICACY OF SCHOOL-BASED DECISION-MAKING COUNCIL MEMBERS IN KENTUCKY’S REGION 1 AND REGION 2 SCHOOL SYSTEMS Anthony Ray Sanders May 2005 Shortly after the implementation of Kentucky’s school-based decisionmaking councils, it became obvious that minorities were severely underrepresented on these councils. As a result, the Kentucky legislature enacted Section 160.352(3)(f) by which schools having 8% or more minority student population had to increase the school-based council membership to include a minority parent and/or teacher, elected by the parents or the teachers respectively, if no minority member was elected in the initial voting. Though the law required minority representation on these councils, very little research has been conducted regarding minority participation. This study investigated the perceptions of school council members regarding their efficacy of experiences and impact of their contributions to school policies, operations, and student achievement. Furthermore, differences between minority and nonminority school council members were explored.
Computerized Gathering of Cardiac Catheterization Data

The desire to acquire hemodynamic data from patients undergoing cardiac catheterization at LDS Hospital in the early 1960s was the motivation for the project that eventually resulted in the current HELP system. In those early days, signals were acquired, analyzed, and reported by a CDC computer. Eventually, systems were developed to gather additional clinical data and the concept of a comprehensive computerized clinical database was born. Software expansion and hardware upgrades have led to today’s HELP system.
Convergent synthesis and discovery of a natural product-inspired paralog-selective Hsp90 inhibitor.

A convergent synthesis of benzoquinone ansamycin analogs is described that proceeds by a sequence of metallacycle-mediated alkyne–alkyne coupling, followed by site- and stereoselective dihydroxylation and global carbamate formation. These studies have led to (1) validation of alkyne–alkyne coupling to produce geldanamycin analogs that lack the problematic quinone, (2) the discovery that C6–C7 bis-carbamate functionality is compatible with Hsp90 inhibition, and (3) the identification of 1 as a nonquinone geldanamycin-inspired paralog-selective Hsp90 inhibitor.
Evolving the information technology major by embracing interdisciplinary

The inherent interdisciplinarity, relative youth, and applied nature of the discipline of information technology makes it an ideal domain in which to experiment with curricular innovations designed to attract and retain undergraduate students in the study of computing. This paper describes an innovative approach to an undergraduate major in Information Technology that incorporates a cognate discipline. This takes the form of upper-level classes in a program of study other than computer science, with all classes integrated by a capstone experience. It is expected that this explicit leveraging of interdisciplinary interests will draw students with a passion for one of the various cognate disciplines, as well as for computer science.
The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the metabolism of free fatty acids

Norepinephrine and epinephrine increased circulating levels of free fatty acids in humans and dogs. The increase was sustained in dogs during infusion of norepinephrine, but transient during epinephrine infusion, which also increased plasma sugar concentration. Anxiety or discomfort in humans and decrease in depth of pentobarbital anesthesia in dogs were accompanied by increased free fatty acid concentration, whereas ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium in dogs resulted in a prompt and sustained fall. In intact and adrenalectomized dogs receiving constant infusions of palmitic acid-1-C14, the decrease in free fatty acid concentration following hexamethonium was shown to result from a reduction in the rate at which they were added to plasma. Only a slight additional reduction was produced by insulin. The effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine on free fatty acid concentration were readily demonstrated during ganglionic blockade, whereas peripheral adrenergic blockade with dibenamine inhibited the response to these amines. The response of free fatty acids to sympathetic amines was also diminished in adrenalectomized dogs maintained with desoxycorticosterone alone. The concept is proposed that the sympathetic nervous system exerts a tonic action on the mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissuc which may be altered by central stimuli as well as by hormonal factors.
Postprandial gastrointestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption during environmental cold stress

We studied the independent and combined effects of feeding and environmental cold stress by measuring pre- and postprandial gastrointestinal blood flow (QGI), oxygen consumption (GIVO2), and oxygen extraction (GIO2ex) in seven awake 3- to 4-day-old piglets while in a thermoneutral environment (control phase, 31 degrees C) and during environmental cold stress (experimental phase, 20.5 degrees C). Each animal consecutively completed both the control and experimental phases. In the control phase, measurements were made before and 30 min after feeding. In the experimental phase, measurements were made before and 30 min after induction of cold stress. A feeding was then given and measurements repeated 30 min later during continued cold stress. QGI (ml.100 g-1.min-1) increased postprandially while in a thermoneutral environment (130 +/- 11 to 152 +/- 12) but not while in a cold environment (126 +/- 15 to 121 +/- 8). Postprandial GIVO2 (ml O2.100 g-1.min-1) increased from 2.1 +/- 0.2 to 3.7 +/- 0.5 while in a warm environment. During preprandial cold stress, an unexpected increase in GIVO2 was observed (1.7 +/- 0.2 to 3.1 +/- 0.5). Feeding while in a cold environment provoked a further significant increase in GIVO2 (3.1 +/- 0.5 to 4.2 +/- 0.4). All increases in GIVO2 were associated with increased GIO2ex. This study has demonstrated that 1) postprandial GIVO2 is appropriately increased during cold stress as a function of GIO2ex and 2) that fasting GIVO2 is increased during cold stress, demonstrating an intestinal metabolic contribution to cold-induced systemic thermogenesis.
Interactive Biotechnology: Building your own Biotic Game Setup to Play with Living Microorganisms

The advancement of biotechnology enables interactivity with living microorganisms, i.e., turning classic observational microscopy into an interactive experience. This new field of "interactive biotechnology" enables many media such as educational biology cloud labs, museum exhibits, or biotic video games. In this course we will give an overview of our recent approaches to interactive biology. We will then demonstrate a biotic video game that enables real time play with living cells. We will instruct participants how they can replicate (and modify) this setup, which consists of a DIY microscope containing additionally four LEDs controlled by a joystick to stimulate single celled phototactic organisms. We invite the community to develop games and other interactive applications on this platform, and to bring it to maker spaces and classrooms.
Analysis of monitoring results of the sewage in medical institutions in Baokang county from 2013 to 2014

Objective To know the treatment of sewage discharge of three kinds of medical institutions at the county level,so as to provide the basis for the sewage disposal and reference for the relevant functional departments of the government. Methods From2013 to 2014 two years,160 sewage samples of three kinds of medical institutions were collected. According to the methods of GB 5750—2006 Standard Test Method for Drinking Water and Water Pollution Discharge Standard of Medical Institutions,11 indicators of microbial and physical chemistry in water were analyzed. Results During 2013-2014,the total qualified rate of the sewage in hte three kinds of medical institutions in Baokang county was 33. 75%; The qualified rate of medical units at county level was 62. 5%; the qualified rate of the private hospitals was 81. 5% and the qualified rate of township medical institutions was 18. 8%. The difference was statistically significant( χ2= 35. 58,P 0. 01). In the unqualified items,the chlorine and fecal coliform was the lowest,which were 23. 8%,36. 2%,respectively. Conclusion The qualified rate of sewage in medical institutions in Baokang county is low,among which the fecal coliform in the wastewater from township hospitals seriously exceed the standard. The main reason is that the disinfection facilities are insufficient or the equipment haven't worked. Supervision and monitoring should be strengthened.
Analysis and Comparison of Mobile TV Technologies

The solutions of digital TV via mobile phone are presented in this paper, such as DVB-H in Europe, ISDB-T in Japan, satellite system and multimedia broadcast and multicast service from 3GPP. The techniques of these solutions are introduced and analyzed in detail, and then the comparison conclusion is purposed for operators to deploy their networks for mobile TV services.
A stochastic wind turbine wake model based on new metrics for wake characterization

Understanding the detailed dynamics of wind turbine wakes is critical to predicting the performance and maximizing the efficiency of wind farms. This knowledge requires atmospheric data at a high spatial and temporal resolution, which are not easily obtained from direct measurements. Therefore, research is often based on numerical models, which vary in fidelity and computational cost. The simplest models produce axisymmetric wakes and are only valid beyond the near wake. Higher-fidelity results can be obtained by solving the filtered Navier–Stokes equations at a resolution that is sufficient to resolve the relevant turbulence scales. This work addresses the gap between these two extremes by proposing a stochastic model that produces an unsteady asymmetric wake. The model is developed based on a large-eddy simulation (LES) of an offshore wind farm. Because there are several ways of characterizing wakes, the first part of this work explores different approaches to defining global wake characteristics. From these, a model is developed that captures essential features of a LES-generated wake at a small fraction of the cost. The synthetic wake successfully reproduces the mean characteristics of the original LES wake, including its area and stretching patterns, and statistics of the mean azimuthal radius. The mean and standard deviation of the wake width and height are also reproduced. This preliminary study focuses on reproducing the wake shape, while future work will incorporate velocity deficit and meandering, as well as different stability scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the magnetic line phases in SrCoO x (2.5 ≤ × ≤ 3)

A 59Co spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study, along with complimentary magnetization and x-ray diffraction characterization, is reported for three of the four magnetic line phases which occur in the hole-doped perovskite system SrCoO x , 2.5 ≤ x ≤ 3. The magnetic line phases are the single-valence state end-member compounds SrCoO2.5 and SrCoO3, as well as the mixed-valence state compound SrCoO2.88. In this work, the Co valence was varied by changing the oxygen stoichiometry through electrochemical oxidation/reduction. Antiferromagnetic SrCoO2.5, with trivalent Co3+ (3d6), is characterized by a single strong, relatively narrow, 59Co NMR peak centered at 314 MHz. The 314 MHz peak frequency can be explained using a typical 3d hyperfine coupling constant and the Co moment value ≈3 μ B obtained from neutron diffraction measurements. Ferromagnetic SrCoO3 with tetravalent Co4+ (3d5), is characterized by a single strong, relatively narrow, 59Co NMR peak centered at 93 MHz. However, the 93 MHz peak frequency is considerably smaller than expected from the 2.1 μ B Co moment values obtained from the saturation magnetization indicating a significant orbital contribution. Ferromagnetic and mixed-valent (Co3+/Co4+) SrCoO2.88 is characterized by three broad 59Co peaks, centered at 47, 134, and 280 MHz, consistent with previous reports. Based on the NMR results from the end-member compounds, the 280 MHz peak is most likely due to Co3+ and not Co4+ as previously reported.
Patterns of technological variation among Folsom and Midland projectile points in the American Southwest

Article portant sur un large echantillon de sites des cultures de Folsom et de Midland du sud-ouest des Etats-Unis qui demontrent des variations fonctionnelles dans les strategies d'adaptation de Folsom. Sont exposees des theories portant sur l'organisation technologique et la reduction des risques
BIRGing with the Best; CORFing for the Country: Fan Identification and Nationalism during the 2014 FIFA World Cup

ABSTRACTTo determine how consumption team performance (winning/losing) affects fan identification and subsequent nationalism traits, a national survey of 720 respondents was conducted at four different time periods throughout the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Using structural equation modelling, increased consumption significantly predicts fan identification towards the United States Men's National Team (USMNT). Consumption alone had no effect on nationalistic identity; however, fan identification towards USMNT significantly increased nationalised qualities one exhibits toward one's home country. Winning or losing had no effect on fan identity, yet losing did negatively affect fan internationalism scores and views of global citizenship. Ramifications are offered for theory as well as conclusions related to fan identity and nationalism as a byproduct from winning and losing.
Child’s play at war memorials: insights from a social media debate

Each year, thousands of children visit memorials and other heritage sites during family or school trips, yet heritage scholars possess little understanding of their experiences. Despite its absence...
Journal club. An ecologist calls for a citizen-science 'Wiki'.

Journal Club Nature 459, 619 (4 June 2009) | doi:10.1038/459619e; Published online 3 June 2009
Microbial attenuation of atrazine in agricultural soils: Biometer assays, bacterial taxonomic diversity, and catabolic genes.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the potential biomineralization of atrazine and identification of atrazine-degrading bacteria in agricultural soils. Different atrazine application histories of soils impacted the kinetics of biomineralization but not the presence of catabolic genes of two atrazine degradative pathways (Trz and Atz). Biomineralization was based on the measurement of 14CO2 from [U-ring-14C]-atrazine in surface soil (0–7 cm) samples incubated in biometers. Aerobic atrazine biomineralization rate constants (k) varied in the range of 0.004–0.508 d−1 depending on the specific soil sample and glucose amendment. The corresponding k-values for anaerobic biometers ± nitrate, ferrihydrite or sulfate were 0.002–0.360 d−1. Glucose enhancement of atrazine biomineralization was not consistent. Aerobic enrichments from soil samples and in-situ incubated BioSep beads yielded mixed cultures, four of which were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplification, cloning and sequencing. Twelve pure cultures were isolated from enrichments and they were primarily Arthrobacter spp. (10/12). The presence of eight atrazine catabolic genes representing two degradative pathways was investigated in seven bacterial isolates by PCR amplification and sequencing. Several combinations of atrazine catabolic genes were detected; each contained at least atzBC. A complete set of genes for the Atz pathway was not found among the isolates. Our data indicate that atrazine metabolism involves multiple microorganisms and cooperative pathways diverging from atrazine metabolites.
“A bitter diversion”: Afro-Cuban immigrants, race, and everyday-life resistance

This article offers insight into how race intervenes into the everyday lives of post-1980 Afro-Cuban immigrants living in Miami, Florida, and Los Angeles, California. Drawing from in-depth interviews, it explores their responses to being constantly questioned about their racial and ethnic identities by people of various backgrounds, including “white” Cubans and people of Mexican origin. While they perceive some inquiries to be simply the result of curiosity, they believe other questions denote a rejection of their multiplicity and their blackness. They counteract such “micro-level rejections” through the use of affective strategies, including humor and “negative” emotion. By focusing on such resistance strategies, the study highlights Afro-Cuban agency and affirms the emotional work they put forth as they confront the daily annoyances that come from being deemed an “other.” Furthermore, the article captures how Afro-Cubans challenge normative definitions of Cuban American identity and complicate questions about racial/ethnic identity and blackness.
Forest Monks and the Nation-State: An Anthropological and Historical Study in Northeastern Thailand. By J. L. Taylor. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993

Forest Monks and the Nation-State: An Anthropological and Historical Study in Northeastern Thailand. By J. L. Taylor. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993. xii + 377 pp. 6 plates. Reviewed by William Galloway , University of Washington.
Combined sewer overflow events and childhood emergency department visits: A case-crossover study

In localities with combined sewer systems, combined sewer overflow (CSO) events frequently occur following high precipitation and can result in the release of untreated sewage and industrial wastewater into surface waters. We hypothesized that either direct contact with or proximity to aerosolized CSO effluent would increase the risk for childhood emergency department (ED) visits for asthma, gastrointestinal (GI) illnesses, and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in Cincinnati, OH, USA. ED visits for 2010-2014 due to GI diseases, asthma, and SSTIs were extracted from the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center electronic health records. The location and timing of CSO events were obtained from the Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD) of Greater Cincinnati. ED visits with a residential address within 500m of a CSO site were used in a case-control crossover study with two bi-directional control periods. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of an ED visit associated with a CSO event at lag periods of 0 to 7days. Statistically significant elevated risks for GI-related ED visits was observed two (OR: 1.16 [95% CI 1.04,1.30]) days after CSO events. CSO events were not significantly associated with asthma- or SSTI-related ED visits, but show similar trends. Our findings suggest an increased risk for GI-related ED visits following CSO events among children who reside near CSO sites.
Ventilation and Perfusion of the Lung

The lung is perfused by the right side of the heart. The pulmonary capillaries offer less resistance than the systemic capillaries, so the systolic and diastolic pressures in the pulmonary artery are much lower than in the aorta. This simple consequence of the principle of bulk flow has some important effects that are especially manifested in humans because of our upright posture.
The developing knowledge and identity of an Asian-American teacher: The influence of a China study abroad experience

Abstract This narrative inquiry examines the way learning, culture and context shape the knowledge, identity and social interactions of teacher, Shi Tan. Through using broadening, burrowing, storying-restorying and fictionalization, the work chronicles how Shi, a child of Chinese immigrants, forms her ‘stories to live by’ over time. Early tensions surface between her parents' traditional lifestyle and what she came to know in the American context. Weekends in Chinatown, Chinese Saturday School, and summers in Asia reinforced the plotlines Shi's parents carried with them from their homeland. Concurrently, Shi's American public school and university experiences instilled in her different modes of knowing and being. A pivotal change occurred when Shi participated in a China Study Abroad trip alongside mostly White educators. While visiting Chinese schools and universities and interacting with Chinese locals, Shi's understanding of herself deepened. She questioned why the trip became a liminal space where she storied and restoried her knowledge and identity differently. The significance of this research lies in its narrative rendering of identity; its unearthing of social complexities lived in cross-cultural communities; it's lifelike characterization of how minority teachers/students navigate familial, social and cultural situations; and its advancement of knowledge that increases learning.
Culture and Analytic Versus Holistic Cognition: Toward Multilevel Analyses of Cultural Influences

Abstract A growing body of literature has documented cultural differences in cognitive processes and also proposed various factors underlying these cultural differences. At the same time, not much attention has been paid to proximal-level processes that connect distal-level societal factors to individuals’ cognitive processing. This chapter aims to present a framework to integrate factors at multiple levels to understand cultural influences on cognitive processes. The chapter begins by providing an overview of cultural differences in cognitive processes, including potential moderators of cultural differences. Next, factors underlying cultural differences at multiple levels are outlined, with a focus on proximal-level situational processes. Subsequently, by introducing the case of culturally contingent consequences of power, the chapter illustrates how cultural contexts can moderate the effect of a certain factor on cognitive processes, highlighting the importance of multilevel analyses. Implications of multilevel analyses and directions for future research are discussed at the end.
Can I Send This Patient with Stroke Home? Strategies Managing Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background While transient ischemic attack and minor stroke (TIAMS) are common conditions evaluated in the emergency department (ED), there is controversy regarding the most effective and efficient strategies for managing them in the ED. Some patients are discharged after evaluation in the ED and cared for in the outpatient setting, while others remain in an observation unit without being admitted or discharged, and others experience prolonged and potentially costly inpatient admissions. Objective of the Review The goal of this clinical review was to summarize and present recommendations regarding the disposition of TIAMS patients in the ED (e.g., admission vs. discharge). Discussion An estimated 250,000 to 300,000 TIA events occur each year in the United States, with an estimated near-term risk of subsequent stroke ranging from 3.5% to 10% at 2 days, rising to 17% by 90 days. While popular and easy to use, reliance solely on risk-stratification tools, such as the ABCD2, should not be used to determine whether TIAMS patients can be discharged safely. Additional vascular imaging and advanced brain imaging may improve prediction of short-term neurologic risk. We also review various disposition strategies (e.g., inpatient vs. outpatient/ED observation units) with regard to their association with neurologic outcomes, such as 30-day or 90-day stroke recurrence or new stroke, in addition to other outcomes, such as hospital length of stay and health care costs. Conclusions Discharge from the ED for rapid outpatient follow-up may be a safe and effective strategy for some forms of minor stroke without disabling deficit and TIA patients after careful evaluation and initial ED workup. Future research on such strategies has the potential to improve neurologic and overall patient outcomes and reduce hospital costs and ED length of stay.
On ‘moral injury’: Psychic fringes and war violence

This article is concerned with theories and therapeutic practices that interpret post-traumatic combat stress as a ‘moral injury’ produced by the shock of carrying out lethal violence in uncertain ...
DDD as a decomposition product of DDT.

During the past two decades DDT1 has been used in large scale on a world-wide basis, during which time an enormous amount of research has been conducted also throughout the world on numerous ramifications connected with the use of this pesticide, including investigations of its fate as it undergoes decomposition in metabolic and other systems. Despite all the systems and all the decomposition products studied, it is only within the last few years that evidence has been presented that DDD (TDE) is, or can be, a decomposition product of DDT.
Ernst Mach and B. F. Skinner: Their similarities with two traditions for verbal behavior

Ernst Mach is most closely associated with a positivism that demanded a language of close contact with reality. Mach linked this view with the tradition of the quest for an ideal language in which meaning is a property of a word. Logical positivism and the S-R psychology of the early B. F. Skinner also participated in this ideal-language positivism. In addition, Mach showed an affinity with another tradition—a pragmatic-selectionist tradition—although that tradition and Mach’s similarities with it were not as well developed. Mach showed no difficulty in jointly maintaining both of these traditions although they have been regarded as deeply incompatible. When the later Skinner adopted a pragmatic selectionism for his later views on verbal behavior, he rejected his earlier views that were aligned with S-R psychology as well as with logical positivism and its sympathizers. Nevertheless, some statements consistent with ‘‘meaning is a property of a word’’ remained for some time in Skinner’s writing.
Improving the robustness of an MPC-based obstacle avoidance algorithm to parametric uncertainty using worst-case scenarios

Previous work by the authors focused on obstacle avoidance in large, high-speed autonomous ground vehicles within unknown and unstructured environments. This work resulted in a nonlinear model pred...
Social control theory: The salience of components by age, gender, and type of crime

Most social control theorists do not consider definitions of delinquency problematic. Beginning with the assumption that “crime” is a unitary concept, researchers have combined a variety of non-normative items to create additive delinquency scales. Rarely is consideration given to whether the causes of crime differ for distinct types of criminal activity. Furthermore, the classic social control model doesnot predict that bonding variables operate differently for distinct age and gender categories. Consistent with the “structuring perspective,” the present research attempts to refine the social control model by specifying conditions under which the model predicts different forms of delinquency. This study examines social control theory using survey data from middle- and high-school students (N=2926). Logit regression analysis revealed that the model which best explains personal crime differs from the model which best explains property crime. Also, certain components of the model were more powerful predictors of criminal behavior for different age-gender groups. The importance of model specification is demonstrated and the implications for social control theory are discussed.
Chapter 7 Chiroptical studies of molecules in electronically excited states

Abstract There are two chiroptical spectroscopic techniques designed to probe molecular stereochemical structure which are based upon the measurement of molecular luminescence. In circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy (CPL) one analyzes the luminescence for the normally very small difference in intensities between left and right circular polarization. In fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD), the difference in absorption between left and right circularly polarized light is monitored through detection of the difference in total emission intensities associated with the different absorption polarizations. Although similar in experimental design, these techniques usually probe different aspects of molecular chirality, due to the fact that CPL is a probe of excited state structure, whereas FDCD is a probe of the molecular ground state. In this chapter we describe theoretical and experimental aspects of both of these spectroscopic procedures. Emphasis is placed on detailed discussion of a few applications which illustrate the kinds of unique information which may be obtained.