cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microanatomy of the ganglionic roots of the abdominal cord of the crayfish, Orconectes virilis (hagen)†

Low magnification electron micrographs were used to construct montage maps of cross sections of the three roots of the second abdominal ganglion of the crayfish Orconectes virilis. Arbitrary fiber diameter size ranges were established within the total size range of 0.2 μ to 55 μ. Fibers within each of the ranges were counted and their positions noted. The first root contains 2,451 fibers and is divided internally into distinct anterior and posterior halves. The posterior half contains 98.2% of the roots total number of fibers below 1 μ in diameter and these are contained primarily in 13 bundles. The second root is divided internally into five subregions and contains a total of 2,741 fibers. The size distribution of the fibers within each of the subregions is noted and compared with the fiber size distribution of the peripheral branches. The subregions are assigned functions based on their similarity to root branches of known activity. The third root contains two distinct elements, a phasic branch containing 13 fibers ranging from 6 μ to 55 μ and a tonic branch containing six fibers ranging from 3.5 μ to 21 μ.
Abstract A28: Aberrant c‐Myc protein stabilization and Axin1 deregulation in acute leukemia

The c‐Myc oncoprotein is an important regulator of cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and c‐Myc expression is commonly increased in cancer. Historically, increased c‐Myc expression in hematopoietic cancers has been explained by gene amplification or chromosomal translocations that deregulate its transcription. Recent work from our lab suggests that deregulated phosphorylation of c‐Myc associated with disrupted c‐Myc degradation constitutes an additional mechanism by which c‐Myc can drive cancer. We have previously shown that c‐Myc degradation is regulated by hierarchical phosphorylation at 2 conserved sites, serine 62 (S62) and threonine 58 (T58), and is coordinated by the scaffold protein and tumor suppressor Axin1. Building on our previous work showing that in a variety of human leukemia cell lines c‐Myc is aberrantly stabilized with altered phosphorylation at T58 and S62, we are examining the prevalence and potential mechanism of increased c‐Myc stability in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and B cell ALL patient samples. Based on our recent work showing that c‐Myc protein stability is negatively regulated by Axin1, we are examining mechanisms of Axin1 deregulation in AML and ALL patient samples. Finally, by manipulating Axin1 in both leukemic and non‐transformed hematopoietic cell lines, we will investigate Axin19s role in directly controlling c‐Myc stability and phosphorylation in hematopoietic lineages and whether Axin1 may be a potential therapeutic target in acute leukemias. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A28.
Radiation Damage in Diamond and Silicon Carbide

Diamond and silicon carbide were irradiated in nuclear reactors and were found to be damaged in a manner similar to that for graphite. Detailed observations were made of the dilatation and increase in energy content and their annealing. Dilatations as great as about 3.7 percent and increases in energy content as great as about 400 cal/g were observed. The dilatations and the energy content (release of stored energy) seemed to anneal in a parallel manner and could be treated kinetically as a distribution of processes in activation energy. The initial distribution for diamond showed a peak at about 1.6 ev and a plateau extending (at about \textonequarter{} the height of the peak at short irradiations and greater proportionately for long irradiations) to activation energies in excess of 3.7 ev. The initial distribution for silicon carbide showed a smaller narrow peak at about 1.6 ev and a very broad larger peak extending from about 2.2 ev to 4.3 ev with a maximum at about 3.4 ev. In many of the samples of irradiated diamond the stored energy exceeded the heat capacity in certain temperature ranges, and catastrophic stored energy release was observed on heating.
The Impact of Child and Family Team Composition on Wraparound Fidelity: Examining Links Between Team Attendance Consistency and Functioning

Although a growing body of literature has examined wraparound implementation and fidelity, child and family team (CFT) members’ levels of participation and the consistency of their attendance have not been systematically examined. This study explored the relationship between CFT member attendance consistency and the fidelity of wraparound team level implementation processes in a System of Care (SOC). Specifically, utilizing Participant Rating Form (PRF) data collected from caregivers, facilitators, youth, supportive persons, and service providers, as well as meeting attendance records, the relationship between team attendance consistency and fidelity of wraparound implementation was explored. Records for 88 teams, with a total of 2,643 members’ ratings of CFT meetings between 2004 and 2009, were examined. Analyses indicate that the structural team factors of attendance consistency and mean team members present relate to CFT members’ ratings of team functioning and the degree to which meeting processes are consistent with the tenets of wraparound. Team attendance variables related to the views of meeting functioning by facilitators, service providers, and caregivers, the individuals most often responsible for implementation of the plan of care, but not ratings by youth or supportive persons. These findings have implications for policy and the successful implementation of wraparound, underscoring the relevance of attending to and tracking the composition of the CFT and more actively encouraging consistent meeting attendance. Results also highlight the need to measure structural variables that may have salience in fidelity and implementation assessments and, more globally, the effectiveness of SOCs.
BMP and FGF regulatory pathways in semilunar valve precursor cells.

In the developing atrioventricular (AV) valve, limb bud, and somites, cartilage cell lineage differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), while fibroblast growth factor (FGF) controls tendon cell fate. We observed aggrecan and sox9, characteristic of cartilage cell types, and scleraxis and tenascin, characteristic of tendon cell types, in developing avian semilunar valves. Addition of BMP4 to outflow tract (OFT) precursor cells of young (E4.5) but not older (E6) chick embryos activated Smad1/5/8 and induced sox9 and aggrecan expression, while FGF4 treatment increased phosphorylated MAPK (dpERK) signaling and promoted expression of scleraxis and tenascin. These results identify BMP and FGF pathways that promote expression of cartilage- or tendon-like characteristics in semilunar valve precursor cells. In contrast to AV valve precursor cells, which diversify into leaflets (cartilage-like) or chordae tendineae (tendon-like), semilunar valve cells exhibit both cartilage- and tendon-like characteristics in the developing and mature valve cusp. Developmental Dynamics 236:971–980, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Numerical studies of Knudsen diffusion and chemical reaction in capillaries of finite length

Diffusion and reaction in a capillary whose characteristic dimensions are much smaller than the molecular free path are determined by the Clausing integral equation for free molecule flow. Computer solutions of this equation have been obtained for various values of both the diameter to length ratio and the probability α than a reactant molecule will undergo the irreversible surface catalyzed reaction A → B upon an individual surface collision. Sharp gradients in reactant concentration on the order of the tube diameter are observed. The net reaction rate within the capillary increases (rapidly for all but the smallest values of α) to asymptotic values with increasing values of the length to diameter ratio. The effectiveness factor calculated from this model is compared to that calculated from the second order differential, diffusion equation.
Elemental composition of solar energetic particles

The Low Energy Telescopes on the Voyager spacecraft are used to measure the elemental composition (2 or = Z or = 28) and energy spectra (5 to 15 MeV/nucleon) of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in seven large flare events. Four flare events are selected which have SEP abundance ratios approximately independent of energy/nucleon. The abundances for these events are compared from flare to flare and are compared to solar abundances from other sources: spectroscopy of the photosphere and corona, and solar wind measurements. The four flare average SEP composition is significantly different from the solar composition determined by photospheric spectroscopy. The average SEP composition is in agreement with solar wind abundance results and with a number of recent coronal abundance measurements. The evidence for a common depletion of oxygen in SEPs, the corona and the solar wind relative to the photosphere suggest that the SEPs originate in the corona and that both the SEPs and solar wind sample a coronal composition which is significantly and persistently different from that of the photosphere.
Comparison of "open lung" modes with low tidal volumes in a porcine lung injury model.

Background. Ventilator strategies that maintain an ‘‘open lung’’ have shown promise in treating hypoxemic patients. We compared three ‘‘open lung’’ strategies with standard of care low tidal volume ventilation and hypothesized that each would diminish physiologic and histopathologic evidence of ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). Materials and Methods. Acute lung injury (ALI) was induced in 22 pigs via 5% Tween and 30-min of injurious ventilation. Animals were separated into four groups: (1) low tidal volume ventilation (LowVt -6 mL/ kg); (2) high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV); (3) airway pressure release ventilation (APRV); or (4) recruitment and decremental positiveend expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration (RMDOP) and followed for 6 h. Lung and hemodynamic function was assessed on the half-hour. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for cytokines. Lung tissue was harvested for histologic analysis. Results. APRV and HFOV increased PaO2/FiO2 ratio and improved ventilation. APRV reduced BALF TNF-a and IL-8. HFOV caused an increase in airway hemorrhage. RMDOP decreased SvO2, increased PaCO2, with increased inflammation of lung tissue. Conclusion. None of the ‘‘open lung’’ techniques were definitively superior to LowVt with respect to VILI; however, APRV oxygenated and ventilated more effectively and reduced cytokine concentration compared with LowVt with nearly indistinguishable histopathology. These data suggest that APRV may be of potential benefit to critically ill patients but other ‘‘open lung’’ strategies may exacerbate injury. 2011
Markup SVG—An Online Content-Aware Image Abstraction and Annotation Tool

Suppose you want to effectively search through millions of images, train an algorithm to perform image and video object recognition, or research the complex patterns and relationships that exist in our visual world. A common and essential component for any of these tasks is a large annotated image dataset. However, obtaining labeled image data is a complex and tedious task that requires methods for annotating and structuring content. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive online tool and data structure, Markup SVG, that simplifies the collection of annotated image data by leveraging state-of-the-art image processing techniques. As the core data structure of our tool, we adopt scalable vector graphics (SVG), an extensible and versatile language built upon XML. Given the extensibility of our framework, we are able to encode low-level image features, high-level semantics, and further define interactions with the data to assist the user with image annotation. We also demonstrate the ability to merge multiple online and offline datasets into our system in an effort to standardize image collection and its data representation. Lastly, we present our modular design; each component acts as a plug-in to our system. We developed several novel components and algorithms to highlight the possibilities of semi-supervised segmentation and automatic annotation within our proposed framework. Further, our modular design provides the necessary capabilities to incorporate future image features, methods, or algorithms. Our results show that our tool is able to greatly simplify the process of obtaining large annotated image collections in an online collaborative platform.
Test method by each part for wireless transmitter and receiver system

Even though there is many test method of Wireless system because of various Wireless communication standards, the mainly existing test method uses to test in RF only. This thesis proposes a new method that making a system to find the debugging point at each part which are RF, IF and BB. This thesis mainly investigates the techniques that are believed to be key issues in test method for wireless system.
Interaction of Programming and Design: The First Unitarian Congregation of Rochester and Louis I. Kahn

This essay investigates the relationship between programming and design. It exposes and criticizes those views that characterize programming and design as separate and their relationship as linear....
Location registration and paging in mobile satellite systems

Mobile satellite systems are a crucial component of the future global telecommunications infrastructure. An important aspect of the future system is to manage the location of both users and satellites. This paper presents a strategy for location registration (update) and paging in low Earth orbit (LEO) mobile satellite systems. First, we discuss the tradeoff that exists between four proposed satellite location area designations. Then we introduce a scheme that selects a simple location area design and uses a hierarchical database architecture to reduce the location management signaling delay. The performance of the scheme is analyzed in terms of the paging bandwidth and the location update signaling delay. Finally, we present the numerical results for several planned systems, such as GlobalStar, ICO, and IRIDIUM.
An Ab Initio Investigation of Crystalline PETN

Solid energetic substances have long played an important technological role as explosives and also as fuels. Much of the research on the solid phases has been concentrated on ground state properties, and also on the chemistry of the molecules comprising the solid. In addition, significant understanding of the detonation properties has been obtained by semi-empirical continuum mechanical modeling. Traditional solid state studies of this important class of materials have mostly been ignored. This may be due to the apparent success of the semi-empirical models in describing the detonation properties, as well as the practical difficulties in performing band theoretical studies. Recent interest in more fundamental questions relating to the basic properties of these systems as materials, coupled with a desire to probe fundamental questions relating to the initiation and sustaining of the chemical reactions leading to combustion/detonation is generating significant interest in the basic solid state properties of such energetic systems. In particular, recent analysis of detonation by J. J. Gilman emphasizes the need to include excitation of the electronic system in obtaining an understanding. In this manuscript, the basic solid state properties of PETN are considered.
Antibodies: Basic Mechanisms and Emerging Concepts

In recent years major advances in the understanding of the basic mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions of antibodies have taken place. Immunoglobulin G is playing an ever-expanding role in the treatment of immunoinflammatory and neurologic disorders. Novel concepts in the pathogenesis of certain neurologic disorders and the possible role of natural antibodies and modulation by immunoglobulin therapy have emerged. These were discussed at the first International Forum on Immunoglobulin Research at Fort Lauderdale, FL, on November 19–22, 2009.
Selected acoustic characteristics of contrastive stress production in control geriatric, apraxic, and ataxic dysarthric speakers

Contrastive stress drills are often used in speech therapy to increase the intelligibility and communicative effectiveness of persons suffering from motor speech disorders. The rationale behind these drills is that the local effects of stress may improve articulatory performance on segments in the stressed word, as well as improve sentence-level prosodic adequacy. The purpose of the present investigation was to explore selected acoustic aspects of contrastive stress productions in control geriatrics and speakers with apraxia of speech and ataxic dysarthria. Results suggest that the phrase-level temporal and spectral effects of contrastive stress production among disordered speakers are not straightforward, and do not necessarily parallel those for normal speakers. These data are discussed relative to normal and disordered speech motor control.
Effects of anticipatory perceptual simulation on practiced human-robot tasks

With the aim of attaining increased fluency and efficiency in human-robot teams, we have developed a cognitive architecture for robotic teammates based on the neuro-psychological principles of anticipation and perceptual simulation through top-down biasing. An instantiation of this architecture was implemented on a non-anthropomorphic robotic lamp, performing a repetitive human-robot collaborative task. In a human-subject study in which the robot works on a joint task with untrained subjects, we find our approach to be significantly more efficient and fluent than in a comparable system without anticipatory perceptual simulation. We also show the robot and the human to improve their relative contribution at a similar rate, possibly playing a part in the human's "like-me" perception of the robot. In self-report, we find significant differences between the two conditions in the sense of team fluency, the team's improvement over time, the robot's contribution to the efficiency and fluency, the robot's intelligence, and in the robot's adaptation to the task. We also find differences in verbal attitudes towards the robot: most notably, subjects working with the anticipatory robot attribute more human qualities to the robot, such as gender and intelligence, as well as credit for success, but we also find increased self-blame and self-deprecation in these subjects' responses. We believe that this work lays the foundation towards modeling and evaluating artificial practice for robots working in collaboration with humans.
Course Design and Teacher Development in Vietnam: A Diary Project

project arose from a situation that was both an opportunityand a challenge. While teaching in Vietnam in the spring of 2004, Ireceived an invitation from the national university in Hanoi. Theletter asked me to teach there and specifically to develop apostgraduate course called Literature in Language Teaching.Because such a course had long been a dream of mine, I eagerlyaccepted. Over the summer, however, I was warned that due to redtape the course might not be approved for the fall semester andcould well be delayed until the following year. I put mybrainstorming on the back burner. In mid-August, I received wordthat I would be permitted to teach the new course as a specialelective . . . and could I start it in 3 weeks?This article is a situated inquiry that recounts and analyzes whathappened next, presenting a layered, reflective analysis centeredaround course design and professional development in a teachereducation classroom belonging to nonnative-English-speaking(NNES)teachers.Theresearchiswritteninthisforminordertoacknowledge more fully its embedded and contextualized nature aswellastoexploreinmoreself-consciouswaystheinteractionsbetweenthe NNES course participants and me, their native-English-speaking(NES) teacher educator. The intention is to disclose or discoverthicknesses and textures in the experience, thus enriching implicationsor potential applications for other contexts (Johnson, 2006).Although new to this university, I had significant previousexperience teaching literature in Asian and North Americanpostsecondary settings. I also understood the role of literature in aVietnamese English to speakers of other languages (ESOL)
A 3-D Discontinuous Spectral Element Time-Domain Method for Maxwell's Equations

A discontinuous spectral element time-domain method is proposed to analyze transient electromagnetic properties of general 3-D structures. This method is advantageous in that its mass matrices are block-diagonal due to the Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre polynomials, and it allows different orders of basis functions for each subdomain. The Riemann solver is employed in the boundary integral terms to communicate fields between adjacent subdomains. Perfectly matched layers are utilized to truncate the computational domain. Galerkin method is used for spatial discretization, and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme is employed for the time integration. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated through several numerical examples of initial value problems and scattering problems.
Gender and the Politics of Needs Broadening the Scope of Welfare State Provision in Costa Rica

This study examines the ways in which gendered definitions of social provision in Costa Rica have created gaps in national health care programs that women's organizations are currently (and successfully) addressing. More specifically, I highlight how women's organizations are key actors in the politics of needs interpretation, wherein definitions of health needs are contested by policy makers, doctors, and women themselves. I argue that women's health organizations have begun to broaden and politicize health needs by including domestic violence in national debates. Using interviews and organizational histories of six grassroots health organizations, I find that these groups have been successful, in large part, because they framed their concerns in ways that were convincing to politicians and national health care bureaucrats.
A FRAMEWORK FOR HETEROGENEOUS ASSOCIATIVE LOGIC PROGRAMMING

Associative computation is characterized by seamless intertwining of search-by-content and data parallel computation. The search-by-content paradigm is natural to scalable high performance heterogeneous computing since the use of tagged data avoids the need for explicit addressing mechanisms. In this paper, the author presents an algebra for associative logic programming, an associative resolution scheme, and a generic framework of an associative abstract instruction set. The model is based on the integration of data alignment and the use of two types of bags: data element bags and filter bags of Boolean values to select and restrict computation on data elements. The use of filter bags integrated with data alignment reduces computation and data transfer overhead, and the use of tagged data reduces overhead of preparing data before data transmission. The abstract instruction set has been illustrated by an example. Performance results are presented for a simulation in a homogeneous address space.
Present status of the theory of the effect of the earth's magnetic field on cosmic rays

Abstract The present communication is intended to cover a brief summary of the results obtained through analysis of the motion of charged particles in the earth's magnetic field and includes the following topics: 1. (a) The main cone, in any direction within which particles of a given energy may arrive at a given point on the earth. Latitude and azimuthal effects. Special cases of the latter: north-south and east-west asymmetries. The ratio of positive and negative primaries. 2. (b) The shadow cone, outside of which no particles of a given energy may arrive at a given point on the earth. 3. (c) The penumbra, i.e. the region intermediate between the main cone and the shadow cone in which certain directions are allowed and the others forbidden. 4. (d) The eccentricity of the earth's magnetic center and the longitude effect. The position of the earth's magnetic center. The earth's magnetic quadripole. 5. (e) The earth's magnetic field and the galactic rotation effect. 6. (f) The sun's magnetic field and some of the consequences of its existence. The knee of the latitude effect. Solar diurnal and annual variations. 7. (g) Preliminary communication on magnetic storms and cosmic ray intensity.
AN ANCIENT GREEK VETERAN-WARRIOR WITH STAFNE'S CAVITY

This brief communication aims to note on the rather rarely reported condition of Stafne’s cavity (Stafne, 1942) among ancient Greek populations affecting in this case a 7th c. BC, older (from 55 to ca. 60/65 years of age) male individual retrieved from the “Akpinar” necropolis of Klazomenai (Klazoumen-Urla, Turkey), one of the twelve cities of the Greek Ionian Confederacy located in Asia Minor (Herodotus, 1:142).
The search for new vaccines against tuberculosis

The failure of the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis in large, controlled clinical trials, coupled with the gradual consensus that it is mostly ineffective in preventing adult pulmonary disease in endemic areas, has led to a concerted effort to develop a new generation of vaccines. This work is ongoing in a variety of areas, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, and auxotrophic vaccines. Several such candidates are giving promising results in mouse and guinea pig, aerosol-challenge infection models and should move to clinical trials in the near future.
The Direct Kinematics of the General 6–5 Stewart-Gough Mechanism

This paper presents a method for solving the direct kinematics of general 6–5 Stewart-Gough platform mechanisms. The method relies on elimination techniques to reduce a system of equations to a single univariate polynomial. It is shown that, once trivial solutions are eliminated, this polynomial is of degree 40. The resulting computations are simpler than those currently required by the analogous algorithmic method for the general 6–6 configuration.
Eisenhower's Wheat Program: An Estimation of the Treasury Cost for 1959

Of N JUNE 1, 1959, President Eisenhower sent his sixth message to Congress regarding the wheat surplus problem. The purpose of the message was to censure Congress for having failed to change the existing price support and control program for wheat, and to present again his proposal for the solution of the wheat problem. "Continuation of this legislation for another year," he warned, "leads the wheat program one step closer to disaster." When speaking about the wheat bills proposed by Congress, he threatened vetoes with, "Difficulties of the present program should not drive us to legislation involving even greater difficulties." The means of getting a "workable wheat program" he went on to say, is "to reduce the incentive for excess wheat production." His solution to the surplus problem was presented in his January message. He proposed the elimination of all acreage and marketing controls, and guaranteed prices at 90 per cent of the average market price for the three calendar years preceding the crop year in question. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the Treasury cost of Eisenhower's wheat program for 1959 and compare it with an estimate of the Treasury cost that would be incurred if the present wheat program were to remain in effect. In order to make this estimate of Eisenhower's program it is necessary to estimate the market supply that would come forth without production controls, and to estimate how much of this supply would be taken by the regular market channels at the support price. The support price for 1959 is assumed to be $1.68 per bushel of wheat, which is 90 per cent of the average price received by farmers during 1956, 1957 and 1958.1
Ti-Island-Catalyzed Si Nanowire Growth by Gas-Source MBE: Morphology and Twinning

Silicon nanowires catalyzed by Ti islands have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using Si2H6 as the gas source and characterized by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission-electron microscopy (TEM). Approximately one monolayer of Ti was deposited on Si(001) wafers, which, during annealing, reacted with silicon and formed TiSi2 islands. After annealing, but before Si growth, the stoichiometric TiSi2 (C49) phase was observed with RHEED. The silicon nanowires are typically between 20 and 40 nanometers in diameter and several hundred nanometers long. The nanowires changed their growth direction several times during growth, resulting in complex RHEED patterns, which can be matched very well by simulated RHEED patterns calculated assuming that the nanowires change their direction by twinning along (111) planes. RHEED patterns of epitaxial silicon nanowires, first-order twinned nanowires (twinned relative to the substrate orientation), second-order twinned nanowires (twinned relative to the first-order twin), and TiSi2 were observed.
Effect of baroreceptor denervation on vasopressin and cortisol responses to angiotensin II infusion in conscious dogs.

Recent studies suggest that the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin II infusion may, through baroreceptor-dependent mechanisms, counteract the stimulatory effect of the peptide on vasopressin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. To test this hypothesis, the effect of combined cardiac and sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation on the increases in plasma concentrations of vasopressin and cortisol (used as an index of ACTH secretion) produced by angiotensin II infusion was studied in conscious dogs. In eight intact dogs, 30-min angiotensin II infusions at 5, 10, and 20 ng.kg-1.min-1 increased mean arterial pressure from 108 +/- 5 to 126 +/- 5 mmHg, from 101 +/- 4 to 130 +/- 4 mmHg, and from 99 +/- 3 to 138 +/- 4 mmHg, respectively (P less than 0.001). Plasma cortisol concentration increased from 19 +/- 4 to 27 +/- 4 ng/ml, from 19 +/- 4 to 43 +/- 4 ng/ml, and from 19 +/- 4 to 71 +/- 6 ng/ml (P less than 0.01), and plasma vasopressin concentration increased from 2.2 +/- 0.3 to 3.1 +/- 0.3 pg/ml, from 2.3 +/- 0.3 to 3.5 +/- 0.4 pg/ml, and from 2.2 +/- 0.4 to 5.0 +/- 0.5 pg/ml (P less than 0.01). In five to six baroreceptor-denervated dogs, angiotensin II infusion produced increases in mean arterial pressure, plasma vasopressin concentration, and plasma cortisol concentration that were not consistently different from those in the intact dogs. These results demonstrate that baroreceptor denervation does not enhance the vasopressin or cortisol responses to angiotensin II infusion in conscious dogs.
Excitations produced in liquid 4 He by a 4 He atomic beam

Phonons and rotons produced at the surface of liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ by a $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ atomic beam are found to propagate ballistically in the liquid with an angular distribution which is displaced from that expected if each atom were converted into a single excitation. The data are qualitatively consistent with the idea that incident atoms lose some of their energy in the production of low-energy ripplons as they approach the surface, as suggested by Echenique and Pendry.
Ambidentate thiocyanate and cyanate ligands in dinitrosyl iron complexes.

To explore the effect of delocalization in the Fe(NO)(2) unit on possible linkage isomerism of ambidentate ECN(-) ligands, E = S and O, anionic DNICs, dinitrosyl iron complexes, (SCN)(2)Fe(NO)(2)(-) (1) and (OCN)(2)Fe(NO)(2)(-) (2) were synthesized by the reaction of in situ-generated [Fe(CO)(2)(NO)(2)](+) and PPN(+)ECN(-). Other {Fe(NO)(2)}(9) (Enemark-Feltham notation) complexes, (N(3))(2)Fe(NO)(2)(-) and (PhS)(2)Fe(NO)(2)(-), were prepared for comparison. The X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 and 2 yielded the typical tetrahedral structures of DNICs with two slightly bent Fe-N-O oriented toward each other, and linear FeNCE units. The ν(NO) IR values shift to lower values for 1 > 2 > (N(3))(2)Fe(NO)(2)(-) > (PhS)(2)Fe(NO)(2)(-), reflecting the increasing donor ability of the ancillary ligands and consistent with the redox potentials of the complexes, and the small trends in Mossbauer isomer shifts. Computational studies corroborate that the {Fe(NO)(2)}(9) motif prefers N-bound rather than E-bound isomers. The calculated energy differences between the linkage isomers of 1 (Fe-NCS preferred over Fe-SCN by about 6 kcal/mol) are smaller than those of 2 (Fe-NCO preferred over Fe-OCN by about 16 kcal/mol), a difference that is justified by the frontier molecular orbitals of the ligands themselves.
Friedrich Nietzsche and Loving Powerfully

Nietzsche admired the ancient Greek model of relationships, where friends were great, men were warriors, and women were for their recreation. He saw the fact of loving relationships as another example of the collapse of standards in a hedonistic world that is heading for nihilism. We have forgotten what it means to be courageous and strong. A great life should be challenging, not comfortable and secure. Nietzsche advocated a philosophy of “aristocratic radicalism”,1 where a few brave human beings take up the challenge of striving toward the ideal of the Ubermensch. Sometimes tenuously translated as superman but meaning overperson, the ideal of the Ubermensch is not a goal that can be achieved but is instead characterized by striving passionately and creatively to overcome oneself, living life to the fullest, constantly combating and overcoming obstacles to become greater, or in existential terms, transcending.
Signals and Their Representations

We shall use the term signal to designate a function of time. Unless specified otherwise, the time shall be allowed to assume all real values. In order not to dwell on mathematical generalities that are of peripheral interest in engineering problems the mathematical functions which we shall employ to represent these signals will be restricted to those that are piecewise differentiable. We shall also be interested in treating a collection of such signals as a single entity, in which case we shall define these signals as components of a vector.
Albumin-coated nanocrystals for carrier-free delivery of paclitaxel

Nanoparticles are used to deliver anticancer drugs to solid tumors. However, clinical development of nanoparticles is challenging because of their limitations in physicochemical properties, such as low drug loading efficiency and poor circulation stability. Low drug loading not only causes technical difficulty in administration but also increases the amount of co-delivered carrier materials, imposing biological burdens to patients. Poor circulation stability causes loss of pharmacokinetics benefits of nanoparticles. To overcome these challenges, we developed an albumin-coated nanocrystal (NC) formulation of paclitaxel (PTX) with 90% drug loading and high serum stability. The NC was produced by inducing crystallization of PTX in aqueous medium, coating the surface with albumin, and removing extra non-drug ingredients. Among three types of NC produced with different crystallization conditions, NC crystallized in the medium containing Pluronic F-127 then coated with albumin ("Cim-F-alb") had the smallest size and the most native albumin, thus showing the most favorable cell interaction profiles (low uptake by J774A.1 macrophages and high uptake by SPARC+ B16F10 melanoma cells). Cim-F-alb remained more stable in undiluted serum than Abraxane, a commercial albumin-based PTX nanoparticle formulation, while maintaining comparable cytotoxicity to those of Abraxane and solvent-dissolved PTX. In a mouse model of B16F10 melanoma, Cim-F-alb showed higher antitumor efficacy than Abraxane at the same dose. This study demonstrates the feasibility and benefits of delivering an anticancer drug using a carrier-free nanoparticle formulation with good circulation stability.
Longitudinal study of driver licensing rates among adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder

Driving may increase mobility and independence for adolescents with autism without intellectual disability (autism spectrum disorder); however, little is known about rates of licensure. To compare the proportion of adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder who acquire a learner's permit and driver's license, as well as the rate at which they progress through the licensing system, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 52,172 New Jersey residents born in the years 1987-1995 who were patients of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia healthcare network ⩾12 years of age; 609 (1.2%) had an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Electronic health records were linked to New Jersey's driver licensing database (2004-2012). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-binomial regression models were used to determine the age at and rate of licensure, and estimate adjusted risk ratios. One in three adolescents with autism spectrum disorder acquired a driver's license versus 83.5% for other adolescents and at a median of 9.2 months later. The vast majority (89.7%) of those with autism spectrum disorder who acquired a permit and were fully eligible to get licensed acquired a license within 2 years. Results indicated that a substantial proportion of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder do get licensed and that license-related decisions are primarily made prior to acquisition of a permit instead of during the learning-to-drive process.
Minorities and the Modern Arab World

Following the Arab Spring, the Syrian Civil War and the activities of DAESH (ISIL) within its self-proclaimed Caliphate, the topic of minority communities, specifically religious minority communiti...
Reducing Electricity Use on Campus: The Use of Prompts, Feedback, and Goal Setting to Decrease Excessive Classroom Lighting

ABSTRACTEnergy conservation is an important factor in both sustainability programs and operating costs faced by organizations. The current study used visual prompts, performance feedback, and goals setting to reduce unnecessary classroom lighting on a college campus. A package intervention was applied weekly over a semester using a multiple baseline design across three units, with one unit serving as a baseline-only control. Signs were hung in classrooms and updated weekly. The signs asked users to conserve energy by turning off the lights when the room is not in use, and indicated progress toward a goal for the current room as well as the building overall. The combined treatment successfully reduced unnecessary classroom lighting and generated interest in campus sustainability programs.
Courtroom Consultation: Psychology

Psychology and courtroom consultation involves the application of psychological theory and techniques for the purpose of assisting litigants develop maximally effective trial presentations. Courtroom consultants typically also evaluate potential jurors and eliminate those who would be the most unfavorable to a specific litigant's interests. Five consultation techniques are used most often: public opinion surveys; focus groups and mock trials; pretrial investigations and in-court observations of potential jurors; modifications in attorney and litigant behavior or suggested changes in the litigation process itself; and the development of a coherent, compelling case theme or narrative that will captivate juror attention and increase juror comprehension. Although plagued by several methodological limitations, empirical evaluations of courtroom consultation suggest that in certain types of cases it can exert a significant effect. Concerns over potential abuses of courtroom consultation have led to several suggested reforms, none of which has been implemented widely in large measure because none of these reforms would clearly yield greater justice or enhance the perception of trial fairness.
Shubnikov–de Haas Effect in InGaSb/InAs superlattices

Magneto-transport measurements have been made on strain-free In0.25Ga0.75Sb/InAs superlattices grown on GaSb substrates. The superior structural quality of these superlattices compared to older materials in the literature resulted in a much higher resolution of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations. Three separate conduction channels were observed. Measurements with the magnetic field in the plane of the sample indicated that the channel with the longer period was due to three dimensional-like conduction within the superlattice while the other two channels showed two dimensional behavior most likely associated with conduction at the surface or interfaces between the superlattice and bulk-like layers. Comparison with multi-carrier analysis indicated that the channel with intermediate period was due to hole conduction while the others were due to electron conduction. Oscillations were observed at temperatures up to 20 K. The concentration of the superlattice channel at low temperature was 5.93 × 1015 cm−3 whil...
Defining Success in Lung Transplantation: From Survival to Quality of Life

Lung transplantation (LT) has the potential to extend survival and improve quality of life (QOL) for patients suffering from end-stage lung disease. This review describes the many ways in which success can be defined in LT. It evaluates the improvements in survival outcomes after LT over time, and describes ways to measure the success of LT other than survival after transplantation. It also addresses the importance of patient-centered outcomes and how improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQL) are pivotal to defining success within LT.
Algebra of Sets

The algebra of sets defines the properties and laws of sets; the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation; and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expressions and performing calculations, involving these operations and relations. The relation consisting of all ordered pairs is called the cartesian product. This chapter describes two types of elements called maximal element and minimal element. The natural numbers with their usual ordering are an example of an order-complete set. The rational numbers ordered by size are not order-complete; however, the real numbers are order-complete. A set with a linear ordering is called a chain. The family of subsets of a set, ordered by inclusion, is an example of a partially ordered set that is not a linearly ordered set.
The Effects of Altering the pH of Seminal Fluid on the Sex Ratio of Rabbit Offspring

It has been suggested that the pH of the vagina at the time of fertilization may have a differential effect on X-or Y-bearing sperm and thereby affect the sex of the offspring. To test this postulate, rabbit semen was collected, diluted 1:10 with a buffer of pH 5.4, 6.9, or 9.6, and after 20 minutes 0.5 ml of semen-buffer mixture was used for insemination in an ovulation-induced female. Newborn pups were examined both externally and internally for gender. The females inseminated with acidic semen had 6 litters, 50 offspring, with 48% males; those with neutral semen had 8 litters, 48 offspring, with 63% males; and those with alkaline semen had 7 litters, 49 offspring, with 49% males. There was no significant difference in these sex ratios from the expected 50% males. Motility of rabbit sperm at 23° C in buffers of pH 4.6, 5.4, 6.9, 9.6, and 9.8 was reduced in vitro as the pH deviated from neutrality. Acid conditions were more detrimental than alkaline conditions. Sperm lost their motility more quickly in buffers of 37° C than in buffers of 23° C. It was not possible with scanning electron microscopy to distinguish morphologically between X- and Y-bearing sperm. It seems unlikely that a direct effect of pH on sperm can be a single influence on the sex of offspring.
The Definition and Generation of Geometrically Random Linear Constraint Sets

The conventional procedure for generating random linear constraint sets independently and uniformly selects the constraint coefficients. Structure is usually imposed through some kind of rejection technique. Recent work of Van Dam and Telgen indicates that this type of generator tends to produce geometrically atypical polvtopes. We define and construct a generator that produces geometrically random constraint sets; that is, their probability measure is invariant to the choice of coordinate system used. Moreover, an extremely efficient technique is presented for making an unbiased selection of a feasible polytope. Conventional approaches often guarantee feasibility by implicitly selecting that randomly generated polytope covering the origin. Such a procedure hisses the selection in favor of large polytopes.
Enhancement of Cocaine-Induced Lethality by Phenobarbital

Cocaine is a powerful central nervous system stimulant that produces intense excitation, euphoria, and restlessness in man. In laboratory animals the cortical action of cocaine is first manifested by an increase in well coordinated motor activity. As dosage is increased, the lower centers of the brain are progressively affected--producing tremors, convulsions, and, eventually, clonictonic convulsions. This central stimulation is followed by a progressive wave of depression beginning at the cortex and spreading downwards to the cerebrospinal axis (Ritchie and Chen, 1975). Lethality related to direct cardiac depression from cocaine overdose has been demonstrated within 2–3 minutes of intravenous administration; in 2–3 hours death due to respiratory paralysis associated with CNS depression has been observed (Casarett, 1975).
Niche Overlaps and the Evolution of Competitive Interactions

Several theoretical studies have suggested that the nature of interactions between species effect the structure of communities. Most of these studies were based on the analysis of an interaction matrix A, and its stability properties. The elements of this matrix describe the interactions between species: diagonal elements α ii describe the effect of the population of species i on itself (i.e., self-limitation as a result of density-dependent factors), and off-diagonal elements α ij describe the effect of species j on the growth rate of species i. The signs of the two corresponding elements of the matrix, α ij and α ji together define the type of interaction between species i and species j: (0,0) for no interaction, (−,−) for competition, (−,+) for predation/parasitism, (0,−) for amensalism, (0,+) for commensalism, and (+,+) for mutualism. The number of species (i.e., the dimension of the matrix), m, and the proportion of non-zero elements of the matrix (connectance), C, were used as measures of the complexity of the system (May, 1972).
Identifying the Components of a Knowledge Management Strategy

REQUIRED) What should a good knowledge management strategy incorporate? This paper uses a study that compares a proposed set of knowledge management strategy components to the outcomes of knowledge management projects/initiatives. As expected it was found that highly successful knowledge management projects/initiatives are more likely to have the proposed set of knowledge management strategy components than less successful to unsuccessful knowledge management projects/initiatives. The conclusion of the paper is that the proposed set of knowledge management strategy components is an appropriate list that knowledge management practitioners and researchers can use to construct an organization’s knowledge management strategy.