cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Career Preference for Retail Formats Among College Students: A Socialization Perspective:

College students majoring in retailing, fashion/merchandising or clothing/textiles/design (N = 387) from 12 land-grant universities were surveyed to identify their career preferences for five retail formats. An expectancy theory was adopted in assessing students' career preferences, and a socialization theory was adopted in identifying factors that influence the career socialization processes. Overall, students expressed a clear pattern of preference for upscale department stores, whereas discount stores were the least preferred venue. Socialization conditioned by shopping at various types of retailers had the most significant impact on student preferences for the retail formats. Other socialization factors (i. e., working at a specific retail store format and general socialization agents) as well as social structural variables had limited impact on the career socialization process. Implications for college educators, career counselors, retail recruiters, and students are discussed.
Crystalline conjecture via K-theory

Abstract We give a new proof of the Crystalline Conjecture of Fontaine comparing etale and crystalline cohomologies of smooth projective varieties over p -adic fields in the good reduction case. Our proof is based on Thomason's results relating etale cohomology to algebraic K-theory
The Determinants of the Growth of Microenterprises in Central Mexico: Evidence from a Survey in Toluca

Microenterprises (MEs) are a critical part of developing countries' economies. However, due to shortcomings in data gathering efforts, comparatively little is reliably known about these businesses. Our data result from a door-to-door survey technique and involve 450 MEs in central Mexico. Our paper represents the first effort to quantify the effect of remittances on microenterprise performance. We also examine whether access to credit affects ME growth. Our results indicate that MEs with access to remittances do not grow significantly faster than MEs without such access. Access to credit does not appear to have a significant influence on ME growth.
Multifrequency operation of microstrip-fed slot-ring antennas on thin low-dielectric permittivity substrates

Operating frequencies and radiation patterns of microstrip-fed ring slot antennas are investigated. The microstrip feed is shown to strongly affect the operating frequencies of the slot antenna. As the length of the microstrip stub is increased to exceed half the guided wavelength of the first operating frequency, then multiple operating frequencies with broadside radiation patterns become available. By extending the single microstrip feed to couple to two slot locations, the antenna's operating frequency ratios and polarizations can be tuned. A number of multifrequency microstrip-fed slot ring antennas are demonstrated. Numerical analysis based on the moment method is compared with the experimental results. A dual-frequency antenna array is also reported.
PET imaging of serotonin 1A receptor binding in depression

Background: The serotonin-1A (5HT1A) receptor system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression by postmortem studies of suicide victims and depressed subjects dying of natural causes. This literature is in disagreement, however, regarding the brain regions where 5HT1A receptor binding differs between depressives and controls and the direction of such differences relative to the normal baseline, possibly reflecting the diagnostic heterogeneity inherent within suicide samples. PET imaging using the 5HT1A receptor radioligand, [11C]WAY-100635, may clarify the clinical conditions under which 5HT1A receptor binding potential (BP) is abnormal in depression. Methods: Regional 5HT1A receptor BP values were compared between 12 unmedicated depressives with primary, recurrent, familial mood disorders and 8 healthy controls using PET and [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635. Regions-of-interest (ROI) assessed were the mesiotemporal cortex (hippocampus-amygdala) and midbrain raphe, where previous postmortem studies suggested 5HT1A receptor binding is abnormal in depression. Results: The mean 5HT1A receptor BP was reduced 41.5% in the raphe (p < .02) and 26.8% in the mesiotemporal cortex (p < .025) in the depressives relative to the controls. Post hoc comparisons showed the abnormal reduction in 5HT1A receptor BP was not limited to these regions, but extended to control ROI in the occipital cortex and postcentral gyrus as well. The magnitude of these abnormalities was most prominent in bipolar depressives (n = 4) and unipolar depressives with bipolar relatives (n = 4). Conclusions: Serotonin-1A receptor BP is abnormally decreased in the depressed phase of familial mood disorders in multiple brain regions. Of the regions tested, the magnitude of this reduction was most prominent in the midbrain raphe. Converging evidence from postmortem studies of mood disorders suggests these reductions of 5HT1A receptor BP may be associated with histopathological changes involving the raphe.
In vivo multivariate calibration models developed using real and sham oxygen saturation data

In vivo multivariate calibration models are susceptible to chance correlations. One pig underwent induced hemorrhagic shock, while the other did not. PLS models for the shocked pig are signigicantly better than those for the other.
Modeling as Isomorphism: The Case of Teacher Education

This chapter describes modeling activities designed for technology-enhanced mathematics teacher education courses aimed at the development of grade-appropriate mathematical concepts. Conceptualized in terms of isomorphism, these activities deal with various problem-solving topics in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and discrete mathematics. The chapter is based on work done with prospective K-12 teachers and it includes their reflections on the use of technology in modeling.
Is dysphagia an orthopedic problem? – Yes, it could be!

A 53-year-old man presented to our clinic with a history of increasing throat discomfort and difficulty swallowing with concurrent disabling left C6, C7, and C8 sensory and painful radiculopathy. Imaging revealed diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Figs. 1 and 2) with connective tissue edema (Fig. 3) adjacent to the esophagus and hypopharynx. He underwent resection of the anterior bone spurs from C3 down, which resolved his complaints (Fig. 4).
The Carnegie Chicago Hubble Program: the mid-infrared colours of Cepheids and the effect of metallicity on the CO band-head at 4.6 μm

We compare mid-infrared (IR) 3.6 and 4.5 micron Warm Spitzer observations for Cepheids in the Milky Way and the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Using models, we explore in detail the effect of the CO rotation-vibration band-head at 4.6 micron on the mid-IR photometry. We confirm the temperature sensitivity of the CO band-head at 4.6 micron and find no evidence for an effect at 3.6 micron. We compare the ([3.6]-[4.5]) period-colour relations in the MW, LMC and SMC. The slopes of the period-colour relations for the three galaxies are in good agreement, but there is a trend in zero-point with metallicity, with the lowest metallicity Cepheids having redder mid-IR colours. Finally, we present a colour-[Fe/H] relation based on published spectroscopic metallicities. This empirical relation, calibrated to the metallicity system of Genovali et al., demonstrates that the ([3.6]-[4.5]) colour provides a reliable metallicity indicator for Cepheids, with a precision comparable to current spectroscopic determinations.
Imidan® Insecticide Residues (Imidan and Imidoxon): Their Persistence in Corn, Grass, and Soybeans

Persistence of Imidan® (O,O -dimethyl S -phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate) and its oxygen analog Imidoxon (O,O -dimethyl S -phthalimidomethyl phosphorothioate) applied to 3 forage crops is examined. Data indicate that residues disappeared rapidly. Imidan residues on corn in 7 days were 0.09, 0.26, and 0.63 ppm; on soybeans in 15 days 0.10, 0.28, and 0.76 ppm; and on Coastal bermudagrass in 15 days 0.13, 0.36, and 0.57 ppm after spray applications of the insecticide at rates of 4, 8, and 16 oz/acre, respectively. Residues of Imidoxon after 7 days in corn and soybeans and after 15 days in Coastal bermudagrass were not detected.
Design and Accomplishment of Premises Distribution System in Tianjin CDC

Premises distribution system is a kind of flexible module information transmission channel in buildings and building complex.It is an essential part in accomplishing CDC's informatization and establishing the automatic office system,building automatic system and so on.Based on the application of the premises distribution system in Tianjin CDC,this paper discusses the design principles,system configuration and its goals and achievements,and summarizes the main points needing attention in designing the premises distribution system.
Glycolytic isoenzymes and glycogen metabolism in regenerating liver from rats on controlled feeding schedules

Intact rats trained on a controlled feeding and lighting schedule designated ;8+16' exhibited diurnal oscillations in liver weight, glucokinase activity and liver glycogen content. Glucokinase activity expressed as units/g of liver decreased to 30% of that from unoperated controls during the first 48h after partial hepatectomy and returned to near normal values in 2 weeks. When the glucokinase activity was expressed as units/liver per 100g body wt., a decrease to 50% of control activity was observed between 24 and 48h after the operation. A similar pattern was found for pyruvate kinase type I. In contrast, pyruvate kinase type III activity increased after partial hepatectomy. It is suggested that the newly divided cells after partial hepatectomy do not synthesize glucokinase and pyruvate kinase I but do synthesize pyruvate kinase III. Glycogen was found to accumulate as early as 24h after partial hepatectomy, and normal concentrations were reached after 48h if the operation was performed at times other than during the feeding periods.
The Number Of Health Information Exchange Efforts Is Declining, Leaving The Viability Of Broad Clinical Data Exchange Uncertain

The diffusion of health information exchange (HIE), in which clinical data are electronically linked to patients in many different care settings, is a top priority for policy makers. To drive HIE, community and state efforts were federally funded to broadly engage providers in exchanging data in ways that improved patient care. To assess the current landscape, we conducted a national survey of community and state HIE efforts soon after federal funding ended. We found 106 operational HIE efforts that, as a group, engaged more than one-third of all US providers in 2014. However, the number of operational HIE efforts is down from 119 in 2012, representing the first decline observed since the tracking of these efforts began in 2006. Only half of operational efforts reported being financially viable, and all efforts reported a variety of barriers to continuation. These findings raise important questions about whether the current vision for HIE efforts will allow for the broad exchange of clinical data, or whether alternative approaches would be more successful.
Acute Myocardial Infarction and Postinfarct Remodeling

In the wake of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), accurate assessment of the left ventricle (LV) is of paramount importance as functional impairment or chamber dilatation predicts increased mortality (1, 2, 3). In a study of 866 postinfarct patients, a resting LV ejection fraction (EF) less than 0.40 predicted higher 1-year mortality than did an LVEF greater than 0.40 (1). Others have demonstrated that, following reperfusion therapy, the relationship between resting LVEF and all-cause mortality persists (4). Although LVEF is a powerful predictor of postinfarct survival, end-systolic volume (ESV) is superior as a prognostic parameter. This was demonstrated by White et al., who enrolled 605 patients following AMI and followed them for an average of 78 months. Ultimately, ESV was the best predictor of survival, and neither the LVEF nor end-diastolic volume (EDV) added prognostic value.
PID control behavior and sensor filtering for a self balancing personal vehicle

Simple self balancing vehicles require that a single physical input be sufficient for balancing as well as continuous movement. This paper discusses the control behavior of PID controller for such a vehicle named SubukRaftar which has a digital filter and controller running on an AVR microcontroller. Control variable, the tilt angle of platform, is plotted using MATLAB to study response of the controller. Response of two sensors used, gyroscope and accelerometer are also analyzed using MATLAB and possible complementary filtering solution is discussed.
Unlocking Endosomal Entrapment with Supercharged Arginine-Rich Peptides

Endosomal entrapment is a common bottleneck in various macromolecular delivery approaches. Recently, the polycationic peptide dfTAT was identified as a reagent that induces the efficient leakage of late endosomes and, thereby, enhances the penetration of macromolecules into the cytosol of live human cells. To gain further insights into the features that lead to this activity, the role of peptide sequence was investigated. We establish that the leakage activity of dfTAT can be recapitulated by polyarginine analogs but not by polylysine counterparts. Efficiencies of peptide endocytic uptake increase linearly with the number of arginine residues present. In contrast, peptide cytosolic penetration displays a threshold behavior, indicating that a minimum number of arginines is required to induce endosomal escape. Increasing arginine content above this threshold further augments delivery efficiencies. Yet, it also leads to increasing the toxicity of the delivery agents. Together, these data reveal a relatively ...
Single-shot top-down proteomics with capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for identification of nearly 600 Escherichia coli proteoforms

Capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS/MS) has been recognized as an invaluable platform for top-down proteomics. However, the scale of top-down proteomics using CZE-MS/MS is still limited due to the low loading capacity and narrow separation window of CZE. In this work, for the first time we systematically evaluated the dynamic pH junction method for focusing of intact proteins during CZE-MS. The optimized dynamic pH junction-based CZE-MS/MS approached a 1 μL loading capacity, 90 min separation window, and high peak capacity (∼280) for characterization of an Escherichia coli proteome. The results represent the largest loading capacity and the highest peak capacity of CZE for top-down characterization of complex proteomes. Single-shot CZE-MS/MS identified about 2800 proteoform-spectrum matches, nearly 600 proteoforms, and 200 proteins from the Escherichia coli proteome with spectrum-level false discovery rate (FDR) less than 1%. The number of identified...
Training children aged 5-10 years in manual compliance control to improve drawing and handwriting.

A large proportion of school-aged children exhibit poor drawing and handwriting. This prevalence limits the availability of therapy. We developed an automated method for training improved manual compliance control and relatedly, prospective control of a stylus. The approach included a difficult training task, while providing parametrically modifiable support that enables the children to perform successfully while developing good compliance control. The task was to use a stylus to push a bead along a 3D wire path. Support was provided by making the wire magnetically attractive to the stylus. Support was progressively reduced as 3D tracing performance improved. We report studies that (1) compared performance of Typically Developing (TD) children and children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), (2) tested training with active versus passive movement, (3) tested progressively reduced versus constant or no support during training, (4) tested children of different ages, (5) tested the transfer of training to a drawing task, (6) tested the specificity of training in respect to the size, shape and dimensionality of figures, and (7) investigated the relevance of the training task to the Beery VMI, an inventory used to diagnose DCD. The findings were as follows. (1) Pre-training performance of TD and DCD children was the same and good with high support but distinct and poor with low support. Support yielded good self-efficacy that motivated training. Post training performance with no support was improved and the same for TD and DCD children. (2) Actively controlled movements were required for improved performance. (3) Progressively reduced support was required for good performance during and after training. (4) Age differences in performance during pre-training were eliminated post-training. (5) Improvements transferred to drawing. (6) There was no evidence of specificity of training in transfer. (7) Disparate Beery scores were reflected in pre-training but not post-training performance. We conclude that the method improves manual compliance control, and more generally, prospective control of movements used in drawing performance.
Linkage of the Nit1C gene cluster to bacterial cyanide assimilation as a nitrogen source.

A genetic linkage between a conserved gene cluster (Nit1C) and the ability of bacteria to utilize cyanide as the sole nitrogen source was demonstrated for nine different bacterial species. These included three strains whose cyanide nutritional ability has formerly been documented (Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf11764, Pseudomonas putida BCN3 and Klebsiella pneumoniae BCN33), and six not previously known to have this ability [Burkholderia (Paraburkholderia) xenovorans LB400, Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, Cupriavidus (Ralstonia) eutropha H16, Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophicus PA1 5 and Methylobacterium extorquens AM1]. For all bacteria, growth on or exposure to cyanide led to the induction of the canonical nitrilase (NitC) linked to the gene cluster, and in the case of Pf11764 in particular, transcript levels of cluster genes (nitBCDEFGH) were raised, and a nitC knock-out mutant failed to grow. Further studies demonstrated that the highly conserved nitB gene product was also significantly elevated. Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence for a genetic linkage between Nit1C and bacterial growth on cyanide, supporting use of the term cyanotrophy in describing what may represent a new nutritional paradigm in microbiology. A broader search of Nit1C genes in presently available genomes revealed its presence in 270 different bacteria, all contained within the domain Bacteria, including Gram-positive Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and Gram-negative Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. Absence of the cluster in the Archaea is congruent with events that may have led to the inception of Nit1C occurring coincidentally with the first appearance of cyanogenic species on Earth, dating back 400–500 million years.
Perspectives on Reproduction and Life History in Baboons

This volume explores reproductive behavior, social organization, and life history in baboons of the genera Papio and Theropithecus, contributing to a nascent discussion of the interrelations among these variables in recognition of their tremendous impacts on fitness (S. A. Altmann, 1998; Alberts and J. Altmann, 2002; Kappeler et al., 2002). Complicated sexand age-specific strategies and tactics mediate ties among these variables, resulting in considerable diversity depending on ecological conditions, social variables, survivorship, population size, and age structure. The complexity of relations among these variables opens significant opportunities to enhance our understanding of primate adaptation and evolution. Our view is that processes of mating and ways of investing in offspring are related in extremely important, but often neglected, ways. This book aims to address ties between reproduction and life history variation in order to understand the evolution of social, behavioral, genetic, and morphological diversity. We direct our attention primarily to a single genus (Papio) that is characterized by remarkable variation in reproduction
FEEDBACK INHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN RICE MEASURED BY O2 DEPENDENT TRANSIENTS

The kinetic properties of photosynthesis (both transient and steady-state) were monitored using three non-invasive techniques to evaluate limitations on triose-phosphate (triose-P) conversion to carbohydrate in rice. These included analyzing the O2 sensitivity of CO2 fixation and the assimilatory charge (AC) using gas exchange (estimate of the ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate pool) and measuring Photosystem II activity by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis under varying light, temperature and CO2 partial pressures. Photosynthesis was inhibited transiently upon switching from 20 to 2 kPa O2 (reversed O2 sensitivity), the degree of which was correlated with a terminal, steady-state suppression of low O2 enhancement of photosynthesis. Under current ambient levels of CO2 and moderate to high light, the transient pattern was more obvious at 18 °C than at 26 °C while at 34 °C no tra nsient response was observed. The transient inhibition at 18 °C ranged from 15% to 31% depending on the pre-measurement temperature. This pattern, symptomatic of feedback, was observed with increasing light and CO2 partial pressures with the degree of feedback decreasing from moderate (18 °C) up to high temperature (34 °C). Under feedback conditions, the rate of assimilation is shifted from being photorespiration limited to being triose-P utilization limited. Transitory changes in CO2 assimilation rates (A) under low O2 indicative of feedback coincided with a transitory drop in assimilatory charge (AC) and inhibition of electron transport. In contrast to previous studies with many C3 species, our studies indicate that rice shows susceptibility to feedback inhibition under moderate temperatures and current atmospheric levels of CO2.
A square root law for diffusing particles

In an earlier paper, we proved that a plot of log n independent Brownian motions in dimension d=1, for times in [0,n], is nearly certain to give the appearance of a shaded region with square root boundaries, when subjected to the rescaling of the functional iterated logarithm law. Here we prove that for every finite dimension d the same conclusion holds if just one point is plotted from each of log n Brownian paths having variance parameter equal to 1, provided these points are selected uniformly in the time interval [0,n] and independently of the paths.
Theory and Measurement of Resilience: Views from Development

From its early appearance in the psychological literature through the present, the construct of resilience has met theoretical and methodological obstacles. We believe those impediments to be surmountable. Investigators have debated, but not resolved, the relationships of the construct of resilience to other concepts such as invulnerability, stress resistance, hardiness, and protective factors and they have proposed a variety of methods for the measurement of resilience and related concepts. To advance our explication of the construct, we present two developmental approaches to the study of resilience. The first, based on developmental learning theory, argues that the behavioral seeds of resilience inhere in the predisposing capabilities of the newborn infant. The second, grounded in a holistic/systems developmental perspective, proposes that the telos of development entails a differentiated and hierarchically integrated person-in-environment system with the capacity for flexibility, self-mastery, and freedom. While the two approaches differ in some ways, they share (a) the theoretical assumption that resilience may be seen as constitutional states or traits of developing individuals as they flexibly negotiate changing situational demands, and (b) the methodological assumption that the concept of resilience may be best assessed rigorously through experimental methods.
Genetic Analysis of Myelin Galactolipid Function

Approximately 70% of the dry weight of myelin is lipid, with the galactolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and its sulfated derivative sulfatide encompassing about one-third of the lipid mass (reviewed by Norton and Cammer, 1984). This abundance, along with the results of a number of antibody perturbation studies, led to the hypothesis that the galactolipids play an important role in the formation and maintenance of the myelin sheath (reviewed by Dyer, 1993; Coetzee et al., 1998; Dupree et al., 1998b; Stoffel and Bosio, 1997). The isolation of the gene that encodes UDP-galactosexeramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) (Schulte and Stoffel, 1993; Stahl et al., 1994; Schaeren-Wiemers et al., 1995), the enzyme which catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of GalC (Morell and Radin, 1969), enabled the genetic analysis of galactolipid function. In particular, Coetzee et al. (1996b) and Bosio et al. (1996) used the gene targeting approach in embryonic stem cells to generate mice with a null mutation in the CGT gene. In this chapter we will review the results of the detailed biochemical and ultrastructural analyses of these mutant animals and provide a summary of the current hypothesis concerning the function of galactolipids in the myelination process.
P027Potential influence of bacterial infections in augmented HLA-C antibody responses with consistent cross match positivity

A patient listed for renal transplant had consistent positive cross matches with several sequential donors over a period of time when there are no DSAs that were listed as Unacceptable Antigens [UAs]. The listed patient had several Class I antibodies especially towards HLA-C antigens during the entire monitoring period. But none of them matched the criteria of ⩾ 5000 MFI which we use for all patients as a cut off value unacceptable C antigens [UAs]. From September 2017 the patient got several offer till 01/22/2018 and all B cell Flow cross matches were decisively positive. The DSAs were all directed towards HLA-C antigens except on two occasions where HLA-B 8 and or A33 DSAs were also seen along with one or more HLA-C DSAs. Upon investigation of the antibody specificity trend, the following pattern for HLA C antibodies indicating a significant spike around between 05/04/2017 and 01/09/2018 was observed. The arrow where there is a dip shows that none of them were C1q binding. The patient complained about a potential infection of chest catheter on 09/26/2017 through telephonic encounter with nurse practioner with no fever but noted redness around the site. According to the patient, this is how his prior infections started indicating previous infections as well. Later the patient developed foot ulcer which was not notified but found out during the investigation of spike in HLA antibodies after repeated positive cross matches with several deceased donors. Bacteriological investigation of the foot ulcer revealed presence of two species of Staphylococcus by MALDI-TOF method which was eventually treated with appropriate antibiotics and got resolved. It is a long recognized fact that several bacterial antigens shares amino acid sequences with various HLA-Loci. It is known that infections and immunizations can induce polyclonal B cell activation resulting in increased HLA antibody responses in previously sensitized patients. This case signifies the importance of non-conventional ways of HLA antibody boosting and importance of antibody profiling following any infections. Had we known about the infections we could have periodically monitored the antibody profile of the patient and avoided some of the crossmatches by entering unacceptable C antigens.
Coronary Physiology in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory.

Coronary angiography has been the principle modality for assessing the severity of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease for several decades. However, there is a complex relationship between angiographic coronary stenosis and the presence or absence of myocardial ischemia. Recent technological advances now allow for the assessment of coronary physiology in the catheterization laboratory at the time of diagnostic coronary angiography. Early studies focused on coronary flow reserve (CFR) but more recent work has demonstrated the physiologic accuracy and prognostic value of the fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR) for the assessment of coronary artery disease. These measurements have been validated in large multi-center clinical trials and have become indispensable tools for guiding revascularization in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The physiological assessment of chest pain in the absence of epicardial coronary artery disease involves coronary thermodilution to obtain the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) or Doppler velocity measurement to determine the coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). Physiology-based coronary artery assessment brings “personalized medicine” to the catheterization laboratory and allows cardiologists and referring providers to make decisions based on objective findings and evidence-based treatment algorithms. The purpose of this review is to describe the theory, technical aspects, and relevant clinical trials related to coronary physiology assessment for an intended audience of general medical practitioners.
The Title I Program: Fiscal Issues and Challenges

Title I aims to tackle the academic achievement gap between disadvantaged and advantaged students via federal funding to school districts serving low-income students and to help equalize educationa...
Uncertainty Importance Analysis for Aviation Event Trees

Event trees are often used in the assessment of aviation safety. Since catastrophic accidents are rare, the number of observed events to quantify the model may be small or even zero. In particular, some sequences of an event tree may have never occurred. This has the potential to create large uncertainty ranges for the parameters estimated. The objective of this paper is to identify the most critical nodes in an event tree with respect to their potential for reducing the overall uncertainty of the model. To do this, an uncertainty important metric from the literature is applied. The metric answers the question: If one were able to know the exact value of a parameter, say, through a large data collection effort, how much would the overall uncertainty of the model improve and which parameter would lead to the best uncertainty improvementƒ We provide several case studies of the method to existing event sequence diagrams in the Integrated Safety Assessment Model. Finally, we consider the method applied to hypothetical event trees with no observed events, such as those that might apply to future airspace concepts. Results show that nodes that are closest in proximity (within the model structure) to a catastrophic end event tend to be the most critical. One application of these results is to prioritize nodes for quantification via expert elicitation exercises.
Preliminary Experimental Study of Disturbances in a Laminar Boundary- Layer due to Distributed Surface Roughness

Abstract : Mean flow and disturbance measurements have been made on a flat plate model, one meter long in the CWRU low speed wind tunnel using hot-wire anemometry. Tests were conducted on a smooth plate and with two different grades of sandpaper covering; first with a sandpaper covering giving Re sub K values centered around 10 and then with a coarser sandpaper have Re sub K values of about 150. The mean flow measurements indicated Blasius profiles for the smooth plate and with the finer roughness. With the coarser roughness the profile was best approximated by a Blasius profile at the early stations but then progressed toward a turbulent profile.
WIDEBAND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Using a substitutional method, in which the properties of the ultrasonic transducers and immersion liquid can be compensated by subsequent digital processing, the complex transmission spectra of test materials can be obtained. Pulse measurements are made in the time domain and acquired and recorded by a 200MHz A/D converter system. Subsequent digital processing enables separate Fourier analysis of distinct features of the pulse response. The attenuation coefficients of representative materials are evaluated over a two decade frequency range.
Alignment as an Alternative to Anchor Purification in DIF Analyses

Unbalanced differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when the items favoring group 1 are not balanced by items favoring group 2. This creates false differences in the total score used for matching...
Disorders of sex development

Abstract The confusing terminology of disorders of sex development (DSDs) (which might be more appropriately be termed variations in sex development) has been largely resolved by a more recent categorization offered by a 2006 consensus statement. The question of whether DSDs are normal variations or pathologic states is still debated, however, with experts on both sides of the argument. Many of the mechanisms of the genesis of these deviations in anatomy have been discovered and the consequences of disruption in the usual role of the sex chromosomes have been revealed. It is important to note that DSDs are not necessarily associated with either gender dysphoria or sexual preference.
Finding common ground: Centralizing responsiveness within a multisite initiative:

In this reflective analysis, I describe the conditions that led the leaders of a multisite initiative to adapt their program model towards a framing that centralized responsiveness as an organizing...
Evolving Discovery of the Origin of the Heartbeat: A New Perspective on Sinus Rhythm.

“The heart is a place of secrets…” — Naguib Mahfouz, Arabian Nights and Days ([1][1]) A central tenet in cardiac physiology is that each heart beat starts when an electrical signal—the action potential (AP)—is produced by “dominant” pace-making cells in the sino-atrial node (SAN)
España y la Nueva España en la obra de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

Through a historical and documentary analysis, I investigate the possible perceptions and influences that Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz could have had by her exposure to the incipient cultural and social movements at the time of the viceroyalty in New Spain. Throughout her work, she refers to Spain and New Spain. From the first, she collects the literary tradition and transforms it, dedicates poems to the representatives of the monarchy and recognizes her own Spanish heritage; from the second, she collects the Nahua language, Mexican Spanish and the echo of other languages. This agglutination is the result of an integral and conciliatory vision. The work of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz is a mirror of a modernity underpinned by a proposal of equity, of joint traditions articulated in the prodigy of the word and creative freedom.
CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES OF RABBIT PSOAS MUSCLE FIBRES INHIBITED BY BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE

The structure of truncated, recombinant Dictyostelium myosin motor domain complexed with Mg.ADP and slowly dissociating analogues of Pi has previously been characterized as two main states (S1-MgADP plus BeFx vs. A1F4- or Vi). The BeFx bound state is thought to mimic the weak actin-binding M.ATP complex, while the states with A1F4- or Vi bound mimic the M.ADP.Pi state. While the effects of A1F4- and Vi on fibre mechanics have been previously described (Chase et al., 1994, 1993), the effects of BeFx have not been characterized in detail. At pCa 4.5 (12 degrees C), we measured (i) steady-state isometric tension, (ii) stiffness (KS; 1 kHz sinusoids), and (iii) unloaded shortening velocity (Vu; slack test) in single skinned muscle fibres from rabbit psoas. Results were compared when tension was inhibited with either BeFx or 2,3-butanedione-monoxime (BDM) or modulated by altering myoplasmic [Ca2+]. With 3 mM total fluoride, 1 mM BeFx inhibited both tension and KS by approximately 50% (compared to 7-10 mM BDM and 50-100 microM A1F4-). Increasing [BeFx] to 10 mM further reduced tension to approximately 15% P0, but had little further effect on KS; with BDM and altered [Ca2+], KS scaled more proportionately with tension. Inhibition of tension and KS by BeFx was more rapidly reversible, compared with slow recovery from tension inhibition with A1F4- or Vi. Vu exhibited a complex dependence on [BeFx], being relatively unaffected by concentrations < or = 1 mM, and becoming inhibited steeply for [BeFx] above this level. With BDM, Vu co-varied more directly with force. Our results suggest that BeFx may induce a different cross-bridge state in fibres than do A1F4- or Vi, but all three analogues of Pi form complexes that mimic crossbridge states that follow ATP hydrolysis.
Evolution of an antifreeze glycoprotein

A blood protein that keeps Antarctic fish from freezing arose from a digestive enzyme. The ice-binding antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) that circulates in the blood of Antarctic notothenioid fishes enables them to avoid freezing in their perpetually icy environment1. This crucial survival protein probably arose from a functionally unrelated pancreatic trypsinogen-like protease2. We have now discovered an important intermediate in this evolutionary process — transcriptionally active chimaeric genes that encode both an AFGP poly-protein and the protease, confirming the protease origin of AFGP and indicating how it was created.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Trace Metals in New Orleans Soils and Sediments

Soil and sediment samples from New Orleans have been collected and analyzed for contamination by 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 8 trace metals. Total PAH contents were found to vary...
Hannah's Prior Knowledge about Chemicals: A Case Study of One Fourth-Grade Child.

Chemical principles are taught in elementary education across much of the United States because the National Science Education Standards include concepts about the nature of matter, states of matter, and changes in matter among other science concepts within the first to fifth grade levels. “Chemicals” is a word related to the nature of matter that is used not only in formal instruction, but also in everyday conversations. Children's prior knowledge about chemicals gained from everyday experiences will influence how they learn about chemical principles. The research described herein reveals insights into one child's conceptual structure related to the word “chemical,” which includes how she uses the word both inside and outside of school. Hannah was purposefully chosen for this case study because she exemplified “children's science.” Her understanding of chemicals as cleaners, in foods, and used for a purpose were primarily gained from everyday experiences. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to both future research and elementary science education.
Ganglion cells and (dye-coupled) amacrine cells in the turtle retina that have possible synaptic connection.

Abstract A class of ON-OFF amacrine cells and ganglion cells in the turtle retina have been identified from intracellular recordings and stainings. Dye coupling (with Lucifer yellow) occured among the amacrine cells, which suggests that they may form an electrical network. Evidence is presented that the ganglion cells receive excitatory input from these amacrine cells.
The basics of pediatric immunizations

Abstract This article addresses the basic information regarding immunizations that all nurses who care for infants and children should know. It presents a brief overview of immunology and the history of immunization science. Immunization standards, techniques of administration, and the handling of immunobiologics are discussed along with current vaccines, toxoids, and immune sera. Public laws and governmental support resources relating to immunizations are presented as well as are special circumstances, such as foreign adoptions, breastfeeding infants, and those who are immunocompromised. Finally, the pediatric immunization schedule is presented and selected vaccine-preventable diseases are discussed.
Sensitivity of cultured human embryonic cerebral cortical neurons to excitatory amino acid-induced calcium influx and neurotoxicity

Abstract Although there has been a large body of literature from animal studies concerning neuronal excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors and their possible roles in brain development, function, and pathology, essentially no direct information on actions of EAAs in human has previously been available. We now report on experiments in cell cultured human embryonic cerebral cortical neurons which directly addressed the actions of EAAs in the developing human brain. In cultures established from 14-week fetuses, neurons were insensitive to glutamate neurotoxicity during the first 30 days in culture. After 30 days in culture increasingly more neurons became vulnerable to glutamate acting at the N -methyl- d -aspartate and kainate type receptors. The development of calcium responses to glutamate (as measured with the calcium indicator dye fura-2) preceded sensitivity to excitotoxicity by several weeks in the human neurons. Glutamate-induced rises in intracellular calcium and neurotoxicity developed much more rapidly in rat cortical neurons. Studies of dynamic aspects of calcium responses to calcium ionophore A23187 in human and rat cortical neurons demonstrated a direct relation between calcium buffering ability and resistance to EAA neurotoxicity. Interestingly, the human neurons were better able to buffer a calcium load than were rat neurons, suggesting that species-specific and/or developmental stage-specific differences in calcium-buffering systems are likely to play roles in determining neuronal vulnerability to EAAs. These initial observations indicate that human cortical neurons become sensitive to EAAs during the prenatal period, and suggest that EAAs may play important roles in both normal human brain development and neurodegenerative processes.
A study of germanium-lithium drifted gamma spectrum shapes

Abstract Various analytic fits are made to the shapes of gamma spectra using Ge-Li detector and 60 Co as source. The effect of geometry on the gamma shapes is also discussed.
The Effects of Charge Transfer Interactions on the Properties of Ice Ih

Potential models which include charge transfer are used to study ice/water coexistence properties and properties of the ice Ih phase. Two charge transfer models are used, one which is non-polarizable and one which is polarizable. These models transfer a discreet amount of charge for each hydrogen bond made and the net charge of a molecule is determined by the difference in the number of hydrogen bonds a molecule makes as a donor and as an acceptor. In ice Ih, this difference is very near zero and the net amount of charge transfer is correspondingly essentially zero. This differs from the amount of charge transfer in the liquid phase. The results for the polarizable charge transfer model confirm other studies that suggest the importance of polarizability in reproducing the high dielectric constant of ice Ih.
MBE-Grown ZnTe/Si, a Low-Cost Composite Substrate

Growth of ZnTe on Si using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been pursued as a new approach for a lattice-matched, large-area, low-cost alternate substrate for both II–VI and III–V compound semiconductors with lattice constants very near 6.1 A, such as HgCdSe and GaSb-based type II strained-layer superlattices. In this paper, we report our findings on the systematic study of MBE growth parameters for both ZnTe(211) on Si(211) and ZnTe(100) on Si(100). Near-optimal growth procedures have been established for producing ZnTe/Si wafers with high crystallinity, low defect and etch pit densities, as well as excellent surface morphology. Using this baseline MBE growth process, we obtained ZnTe(211)/Si wafers with x-ray full-width at half-maximum as low as 70 arcsec.
Four-factor structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in children, adolescents, and adults.

Abstract Objective To determine whether the four-factor category-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptom structure from a previous confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) may be appropriately used in child, adolescent, and adult groups. Symptom dimensions are increasingly used as quantitative traits in genetic, neuroimaging, and treatment studies of OCD across all ages. Identification of a category-based OCD symptom dimension structure that is validated for use across child, adolescent, and adult age groups is necessary to guide ongoing translational research. Method Four OCD samples comprising 356 individuals were divided into child, adolescent, and adult groups. The fit of the only CFA-defined four-factor model was compared across these independent age group samples. Multiple-group CFA using maximum likelihood estimation assessed adequacy of fit comparing unconstrained and measurement weight-constrained models. The fit of previous exploratory factor analysis-defined three- and five-factor models on adults was also examined using CFA. Results A four-factor solution provided adequate but imperfect fit across age groups, with comparable indices to the only previous OCD CFA: factor 1 (aggressive/sexual/religious/somatic/checking); factor 2 (symmetry/ordering/counting/repeating); factor 3 (contamination/cleaning), and factor 4 (hoarding). Models in which factor loadings were constrained and unconstrained across the three age groups yielded comparable model fit. Factors were highly correlated and were not mutually exclusive. The four-factor solution provided an improved fit to both three- and five-factor solutions using CFA across the three age groups. Conclusions A four-factor, CFA-defined, category-based model of OCD symptom dimensions is adequate for use in children, adolescents, and adult age groups. The factor structure of this multiple age group sample has limitations and is imperfect, but current findings support the comparability of the defined latent OCD dimensions across age groups. Further work is needed to optimize a comprehensive symptom dimension model reflecting clinical heterogeneity for use in emergent translational studies. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 2008; 47(7):763–772.
Utility of oxidative lignin determination methods for biodegraded lignocellulosic substrates

The advent of ''biological pulping'' technologies necessitates a critical assessment of standard lignin determination techniques and their applicability to microbially degraded lignocelluloses. Oxidation-based lignin determination techniques have found worldwide acceptance by pulp-and-paper industries, as is reflected in the use of ''Chlorine'' and ''Kappa'' number standard techniques. The applicability of these techniques to biodegraded lignocelluloses, however, is limited by structural changes in the lignin due to enzymatic action. The reliability of the chlorine number method for lignin determinations during microbiological degradation was tested and it was found that chlorine numbers of decayed lignin sulfonates were 10-15% lower than those of the undecayed preparations. This article reports on the applicability of a permanent oxidation-based lignin determination method (Kappa-number method) to biodegraded lignin preparations.
Relative toxicity of organic solvents to Aedes aegypti larvae

Solvants et reactifs sont utilises pour etudier les caracteristiques biochimiques des toxines bacteriennes (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis), toxiques pour les larves de moustiques. Etude systematique comparee de la toxicite eventuelle des solvants eux-memes envers les larves de A.a.
Sex difference in the effect of progesterone on body weight of mice.

SummaryVirgin female mice receiving long term progesterone treatment attained an appreciably greater body weight than their untreated littermate controls. Male mice, both intact and castrate, receiving the same progesterone treatment failed to attain a greater body weight than their untreated controls. Progesterone exerted a protective action against the body weight suppressing effect of estrogen.