cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracellular myoglobin loading worsens H2O2-induced, but not hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced, in vitro proximal tubular injury.

Intracellular iron reportedly mediates many forms of tissue injury, including ischemic and myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure. This action may be explained by the ability of iron to catalyze the formation of the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (.OH) from H2O2 via the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions. To assess whether renal tubular myoglobin/iron loading, induced by a physiological mechanism (endocytosis), alters its susceptibility to O2 deprivation/reoxygenation- and H2O2-mediated injury, rats were infused with myoglobin or its vehicle (5% dextrose, control rats), and after 2 hours, proximal tubular segments (PTSs) were isolated for study. This infusion caused substantial myoglobin endocytic uptake (approximately 25 micrograms/mg PTS protein), and it doubled PTS catalytic iron content (assessed by bleomycin assay). Nevertheless, PTS viability (percent lactate dehydrogenase release) was minimally affected (4% to 6% increase), and an increased .OH burden (assessed by the salicylate trap method) did not appear to result. Deferoxamine addition, reported to protect against in vivo acute renal failure, paradoxically increased .OH levels (approximately 25%) in myoglobin-loaded, but not control, PTSs. Conversely, dimethylthiourea (an .OH scavenger) depressed .OH (by approximately 80%) in all PTSs. Myoglobin/iron loading modestly increased PTS vulnerability to exogenous H2O2 addition (P < .001). However, tubular susceptibility to hypoxia (15 and 30 minutes)/reoxygenation injury was not affected. .OH levels appeared to fall in response to both forms of injury, suggesting decreased .OH production and/or .OH scavenging. To assess whether myoglobin decreases .OH levels in the presence of Fenton reactants, myoglobin and six other test proteins were incubated with Fe2+/H2O2. Myoglobin decreased .OH levels by approximately 70%, a significantly greater decrement than was observed with the other proteins tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Femtosecond pump and probe spectroscopy of optical nonlinearities in an InGaN/GaN heterostructure

The magnitudes and evolutions of two photoinduced absorption nonlinearities, absorption bleaching and field screening, were compared and investigated by employing electroabsorption and femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy in a biased InGaN/GaN p-i-n double heterostructure. Steady state electroabsorption measurements indicate the field induced absorption coefficient changes in this structure are caused by the Franz-Keldysh effect. The temporal resolution of the absorption bleaching spectra suggests that the photoinduced carriers rapidly relaxed to the InGaN band edge within several picoseconds. As the applied reverse bias field was increased, the transition of the differential absorption spectral signature from the signature for absorption bleaching to the signature for field screening was observed. The magnitude of the change in absorption due to photoinduced carrier screening of the applied field is quantified and compared to absorption bleaching.
Evaluation of electronic artificial neural network implementations

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have gained recognition as a valuable tool to aid in the solution of difficult computing problems. Despite an abundance of work in the application and mathematical foundations of ANNs there exists no consensus on how to implement ANNs in hardware. The goal of this paper is to provide an analytical perspective on electronic ANN implementation by addressing issues and design tradeoffs. The issues discussed include the question of analog vs. digital implementation, virtual vs. literal realizations, as well as speed and cost considerations in implementing a network. >
Use of Monte Carlo in calculating the thermodynamic properties of water clathrates

Equilibrium dissociation pressures for monovariant three-phase (icesolid clathrate-gas) systems were predicted for water clathrates with Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, CO2, and CH4 as the guest molecules. A Monte Carlo approach of statistically sampling the states available to the guest molecule inside the host water cage was used to evaluate the configurational properties including the free volume integral. The Lennard-Jones 6–12 potential adequately described the guest-host interaction for monatomic species, for example, Ar, Kr, and Xe, while the nonspherically symmetric Kihara potential with a fixed hard-core geometry was required for polyatomic guests. The simulated motion of the guest within the cell was consistent with the geometrical features of the host lattice.
Intraoperative carotid artery duplex scanning in a modern series of 650 consecutive primary endarterectomy procedures.

Abstract Purpose Thromboembolic complications after carotid endarterectomy are frequently associated with technical defects. We analyzed the effect of intraoperative duplex scanning in detection of significant but clinically unsuspected technical defects and residual common carotid artery (CCA) disease as a potential source of postoperative transitory ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke. Methods From April 2000 to April 2003, 650 consecutive primary carotid endarterectomy procedures were performed in 590 patients at a single institution by two vascular surgeons. Patients included 335 men (57%) and 255 women (43%). Indications for surgery were asymptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (≥70%) in 464 patients (71%). All procedures were performed with the patient under general anesthesia, with synthetic patch angioplasty in 644 (99.1%). Major technical defects at intraoperative duplex scanning (>30% luminal internal carotid artery stenosis, free-floating clot, dissection, arterial disruption with pseudoaneurysm) were repaired. CCA residual disease was reported as wall thickness (0.7-4.8 mm; mean, 1.7 ± 0.7) and percent stenosis (16%-67%; mean, 32% ± 8%) in all cases. Postoperative 30-day TIA, stroke, and death rates were analyzed. Results There were no clinically detectable postoperative thromboembolic events in this series. All 15 major defects (2.3%) identified with duplex scanning were successfully revised. These included 7 intimal flaps, 4 free-floating clots, 2 ICA stenoses, 1 ICA pseudoaneurysm, and 1 retrograde CCA dissection. Diameter reduction ranged from 40% to 90% (mean, 67 ± 16%), and peak systolic velocity ranged from 69 to 497 cm/s (mean, 250 ± 121 cm/s). Thirty-one patients (5%) with the highest residual wall thickness (>3mm) in the CCA and 19 (3%) with the highest CCA residual diameter reduction (>50%) did not have postoperative stroke or TIA. Overall postoperative stroke and mortality rates were 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively; combined stroke and mortality rate was 0.8%. One stroke was caused by hyperperfusion, and the other occurred as an extension of a previous cerebral infarct. No patients had TIAs. Two deaths were caused by myocardial infarction, and one death by respiratory insufficiency. Conclusion We believe intraoperative duplex scanning had a major role in these improved results, because it enabled detection of clinically unsuspected significant lesions. Residual disease in the CCA does not seem to be a harbinger of stroke or TIA.
An instrument for treatment progress and matching: The Recovery Attitude and Treatment Evaluator (RAATE)

Abstract Clinicians are under increasing pressure to contain costs and to justify their triage decisions and addiction treatment settings to third party payors. Treatment-effectiveness research points to the need for better patient/treatment matching decisions and systems of care. The Recovery Attitude and Treatment Evaluator (RAATE) is an instrument to develop a profile of the severity of the patient's illness. It is a clinically useful, chemical-dependency-specific, comprehensive but efficient instrument to help classify patients, define admission and utilization review criteria, match patients to the appropriate level of care, and measure treatment progress. The RAATE can be used by clinicians, health care managers and researchers in the chemical dependency treatment field, which lacks a common “language” for comparing patient populations, describing treatment progress, and communicating across disciplines.
Data Driven Policy: The Case for Certification Research

This article describes the program of research being implemented to investigate the outcomes of certification in the U.S. and Canadian workforce and its relevance to the goal of providing policy makers with pragmatic, action-oriented recommendations. Such recommendations encompass policy issues of workforce production, regulation, distribution, financing, and oversight of credentialing organizations. Few studies exist to substantiate the association between certification credentialing and practice outcomes, thereby leaving policy makers, consumers, and nurses in a vacuum when pushed to protect the public through the credentialing vehicles. The Nursing Credentialing Research Coalition (NCRC) has embarked on a research program that will reveal the relationship between certification and its influence on a nurse’s personal, professional, and practice characteristics as well as those judged by consumers and employers. Selected findings and implications for policy are described. Certified nurses’ reports of ear...
Efficient modelling of individual consumer preferences: facilitating agent-based online markets

As business-to-consumer e-commerce matures, better tools are needed to help consumers locate products they desire. Currently, user-driven searching, sorting and filtering are widely employed to align consumers and products. These processes could be improved by a quick and easy way to capture and model individual consumer preferences for particular product attributes. We present such a methodology using conjoint analysis and neural networks. This paper presents a study where preferences are elicited using a survey instrument, models of individual participants' preferences are constructed, and prediction accuracy is reported. This proposed methodology performs well for individuals in the example explored here.
Microdosimetry and Its Application to Biological Processes

Microdosimetry is the study of energy deposition processes in biological media with particular accent on phenomena correlated with the physical aspects of the radiation action on living systems. As such, microdosimetry is geared toward understanding the basic mechanisms in the initiation stage of radiation action and, as a corollary, defining a set of quantities characterizing the radiation fields that are most directly related to the biological effect, all other conditions being the same.
Existential Approaches to Intimacy

Some years ago—in the not too distant past, it seems to me, although much time has since gone by—I took my infant sons to the little zoo in New York City’s Central Park. Judging by my recollection of our attire, it must have been early spring: that time of year when the promise of renewal is still frozen, and the future must be taken on faith. That kind of day on which the sun barely burns through the gray snow clouds—and the shadows it lifts return too long, too soon.
RNA polymerase II transcriptional fidelity control and its functional interplay with DNA modifications

Accurate genetic information transfer is essential for life. As a key enzyme involved in the first step of gene expression, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) must maintain high transcriptional fidelity while it reads along DNA template and synthesizes RNA transcript in a stepwise manner during transcription elongation. DNA lesions or modifications may lead to significant changes in transcriptional fidelity or transcription elongation dynamics. In this review, we will summarize recent progress toward understanding the molecular basis of RNA Pol II transcriptional fidelity control and impacts of DNA lesions and modifications on Pol II transcription elongation.
Angelic debugging

Software ships with known bugs because it is expensive to pinpoint and fix the bug exposed by a failing test. To reduce the cost of bug identification, we locate expressions that are likely causes of bugs and thus candidates for repair. Our symbolic method approximates an ideal approach to fixing bugs mechanically, which is to search the space of all edits to the program for one that repairs the failing test without breaking any passing test. We approximate the expensive ideal of exploring syntactic edits by instead computing the set of values whose substitution for the expression corrects the execution. We observe that an expression is a repair candidate if it can be replaced with a value that fixes a failing test and in each passing test, its value can be changed to another value without breaking the test. The latter condition makes the expression flexible in that it permits multiple values. The key observation is that the repair of a flexible expression is less likely to break a passing test. The method is called angelic debugging because the values are computed by angelically nondeterministic statements. We implemented the method on top of the Java PathFinder model checker. Our experiments with this technique show promise of its applicability in speeding up program debugging.
Microwave versus Radiofrequency Ablation Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparison of Efficacy at a Single Center.

Abstract Purpose To compare efficacy and major complication rates of radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) ablation for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study included 69 tumors in 55 patients treated by RF ablation and 136 tumors in 99 patients treated by MW ablation between 2001 and 2013. RF and MW ablation devices included straight 17-gauge applicators. Overall survival and rates of local tumor progression (LTP) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier techniques with Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) models and competing risk regression of LTP. Results RF and MW cohorts were similar in age ( P = .22), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score ( P = .24), and tumor size (mean 2.4 cm [range, 0.6–4.5 cm] and 2.2 cm [0.5–4.2 cm], P = .09). Median length of follow-up was 31 months for RF and 24 months for MW. Rate of LTP was 17.7% with RF and 8.8% with MW. Corresponding HR from Cox and competing risk models was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–4.50; P = 0.04) and 2.01 (95% CI, 0.95–4.26; P = .07), respectively. There was improved survival for patients treated with MW ablation, although this was not statistically significant (Cox HR, 1.59 [95% CI, 0.91–2.77; P = .103]). There were few major (≥ grade C) complications (2 for RF, 1 for MW; P = .28). Conclusions Treating HCC percutaneously with RF or MW ablation was associated with high primary efficacy and durable response, with lower rates of LTP after MW ablation.
STRAIN MEASUREMENT IN EPITAXIAL NiSi2/Si(lll) BY MeV ION CHANNELING

Strains in both type-A and type-B NiSi2 epitaxial films grown on Si(111) substrates were measured by means of MeV 4He+ ion channeling. The results show the critical thickness to maintain pseudomorphic growth strongly depends on the epitaxial orientation of the NiSi2 film. The difference in critical thicknesses between type-A and type-B NiSi2 can be explained by considering the different type of misfit dislocations introduced at the interface. Namely, at the type-B interface, $1/6\langle {11\bar 2}\rangle$ partial dislocations associated with interface steps are allowed while they are prohibited at the type-A interface. Dislocation densities measured by TEM also support these results.
Path Planning and Control for Autonomous Navigation of Single and Multiple Magnetic Mobile Microrobots

In this paper, we have developed an approach for autonomous navigation of single and multiple microrobots under the influence of magnetic fields generated by electromagnetic coils. Our approach consists of three steps. First, we have developed a heuristics based planning algorithm for generating collision-free trajectories for the microrobots that are suitable to be executed by the available magnetic field. Second, we have modeled the dynamics of the microrobots to develop a controller for determining the forces that need to be generated for the navigation of the robots along the trajectories at a suitable control frequency. Finally, an optimization routine is developed to determine the input currents to the electromagnetic coils that can generate the required forces for the navigation of the robots at the controller frequency. We have validated our approach by simulating two electromagnetic coil systems. The first system has four electromagnetic coils designed for actuating a single microrobot. The second system has an array of sixty-four magnetic microcoils designed for generating local magnetic fields suitable for simultaneous independent actuation of multiple microrobots.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Chronological Position and Ethnological Relationships of the Fort Ancient Aspect 189

The Sites of the Fort Ancient aspect of the Upper Mississippi Phase are located in southern and southwestern Ohio, northern and northeastern Kentucky and southeastern Indiana. It is the purpose of this paper to present the grouping of the individual components within the larger cultural unit; to state briefly the chronological position of the Fort Ancient aspect; and to discuss the possible ethnological connections. The existence of many of these sites has been known for years, and their cultural similarity has been recognized since the beginning of the twentieth century.
Rapid (1 hour) high performance gel filtration chromatography resolves coexisting simple micelles, mixed micelles, and vesicles in bile.

We describe the use and validation of Superose@ 6, a high performance gel filtration medium for rapid, high reso- lution separation and sizing of coexisting simple micelles, mixed micelles, and vesicles in bile. We fractionated model biles (1.7-4.2 g/dl total lipid concentration, 0.15 M NaCl) composed of leci- thin (L), cholesterol (Ch), and the common bile salt taurocho- late (TC) using Superme@' 6 gel filtration columns (1.0 an diameter, 30 cm length, 0.5 ml model bile application, 1.0 ml fractions) pre-equilibrated and eluted with 2.5-10.0 mM TC. Lipid parti- cle sizes were determined by quasielastic light scattering and lipid compositions by conventional analyses. In the absence of L and Ch, pure TC "biles" (32.2 mM), when eluted in the presence of 7.5 mM IC, yielded a single peak of particles (mean hydrodynamic radii, it,, values of 11-15 A 1, consistent with simple TC micelles. Model biles containing L and TC ((L) = 13.8 mM, (TC) = 32.2 mM) wereiractionated with baseline resolution into E-L mixed micelles, (R,, values of 30-40 A ) and simple TC micelles. In agree- ment with the ternary TC-L-H20 phase diagram (Mazer, N. A., et al. 1980. Biochemisty. 19: 601-615), the proportions of sim- ple and mixed micelles were inversely related to L concentrations ((L) = 0-32.2 mM) and correlated positively with eluant TC con- centration. SuperoseO 6 gel fractionation of model biles "super- staturated' with Ch (TC:L:Ch molar ratio 27:63:10, total lipid concentr_ation 3 g/dl) yielded high resolution separation -of vesicles (R,, value:f 320 A) from mixed micelles of TC-L-Ch (Rh values of 40-50 A) and simple TC micelles (R, values of 11-15 i). At an eluant TC concentration of 7.5 mM, Ch-rich vesicles (Ch/L molar ratio = 1.6) separated that contained 40% of total Ch, 9% of total L, and no TC, accurately reflecting predictions of the quarternary LCh-TC-HzO metastable phase diagram (Mazer, N. A., and M. C. Carey. 1983 Biochemisty. 22: 426-442). This suggested that a 7.5 mM TC concentration approximated the in- termicellar concentration under the experimental conditions. We also fractionated an identical model bile using conventional Sephacryl@ S-300, a medium generally used to study model and native biles. Compared with Superose@ 6, the SephacrylO S-300 column of equivalent size yielded particle separations with lower resolution and speed (30 h v 1 h). These studies suggest that high resolution separation and sizing of biliary lipid particles may now be achieved with sufficient rapidity to characterize the ki- netics of particle interconversions in bile.-ahen, D. E., and M. C. Carey. Rapid (1 hour) high performance gel filtration chro- matography resolves coexisting simple micelles, mixed micelles,
Nanoporous Polyurea from a Triisocyanate and Boric Acid: A Paradigm of a General Reaction Pathway for Isocyanates and Mineral Acids

Isocyanates react with carboxylic acids and yield amides. As reported herewith, however, transferring that reaction to a range of mineral acids (anhydrous H3BO3, H3PO4, H3PO3, H2SeO3, H6TeO6, H5IO6, and H3AuO3) yields urea. The model system for this study was a triisocyanate, tris(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane (TIPM), reacting with boric acid in DMF at room temperature, yielding nanoporous polyurea networks that were dried with supercritical fluid CO2 to robust aerogels (referred to as BPUA-xx). BPUA-xx were structurally (CHN, solid-state 13C NMR) and nanoscopically (SEM, SAXS, N2-sorption) identical to the reaction product of the same triisocyanate (TIPM) and water (referred to as PUA-yy). Minute differences were detected in the primary particle radius (6.2–7.5 nm for BPUA-xx versus 7.0–9.0 nm for PUA-yy), the micropore size within primary particles (6.0–8.5 A for BPUA-xx versus 8.0–10 A for PUA-yy), and the solid-state 15N NMR whereas PUA-yy showed some dangling −NH2. All data together were consistent with...
New Centers of Global Evangelicalism in Latin America and Africa

This book shows that new centers of Christianity have taken root in the global south. Although these communities were previously poor and marginalized, Stephen Offutt illustrates that they are now socioeconomically diverse, internationally well connected, and socially engaged. Offutt argues that local and global religious social forces, as opposed to other social, economic, or political forces, are primarily responsible for these changes.
Thatcher’s European Policy I: The Demandeur

Europe was, indeed, the realm of necessity for British foreign policy. As Thatcher herself made clear in her famous address to the College of Europe at Bruges in 1988, Britain’s ties with Europe were ‘… the dominant factor in our history’, and Britain’s destiny lay ‘… in Europe as a part of the Community’. Returning again to the theme of ‘Britain’s destiny’ during a speech she made in Aspen, Colorado three months before her resignation in 1990, she declared that it lay ‘… in Europe as a full member of the Community’. Britain would not be ‘standing on the sidelines or … watching from the bleachers.’1 There is no doubt she meant what she said on both occasions, but what still remains very much in doubt is what she, or anyone else for that matter, meant by ‘Europe’ and the European Community.
Risk-Informed Decision Making in Generic Safety Issue Resolution and Rulemaking

This paper discusses several major issues the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) has risk-informed in its regulatory actions. The major issues discussed are: 1 GSI-189: “Susceptibility of Ice Condenser and Mark III Containments to Early Failure from Hydrogen Combustion during Severe Accidents.” 2 GSI-191: “Assessment of Debris Accumulation on PWR Sump Performance.” 3 10 CFR 50.48 (c) or NFPA 805 Rule. The NFPA 805 standard is titled “Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants.” 4 Risk-informing circuit analysis.
Bidirectional Associations Between Parental Responsiveness and Executive Function During Early Childhood.

In this study, we examined bidirectional associations between parental responsiveness and executive function (EF) processes in socioeconomically disadvantaged preschoolers. Participants were 534 3- to 5-year-old children (71 percent Hispanic/Latino; 28 percent African American; 1 percent European American) attending Head Start programs. At Time 1 (T1) and 6.5 months later at Time 2 (T2), parents and children participated in a videotaped free play session and children completed delay inhibition (gift delay-wrap, gift delay-bow) and conflict EF (bear/dragon, dimensional change card sort) tasks. Parental warm acceptance, contingent responsiveness, and verbal scaffolding were coded from the free play videos and aggregated to create a parental responsiveness latent variable. A cross-lagged panel structural equation model indicated that higher T1 parental responsiveness significantly predicted more positive gain in delay inhibition and conflict EF from T1 to T2. Higher T1 delay inhibition, but not T1 conflict EF, significantly predicted more positive change in parental responsiveness from T1 to T2. These associations were not explained by several possible confounding variables, including children's age, gender, race/ethnicity, and verbal ability. Findings suggest that parental responsiveness may support EF development in disadvantaged children, with reciprocal effects of delay inhibition on parental responsiveness.
Directional Influences of Ventricular Activation on Myocardial Scar Characterization: Voltage Mapping With Multiple Wavefronts During Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation.

Background— The effects of varying the wavefront of activation on ventricular scar characterization has not been systematically assessed. Methods and Results— Patients referred for ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia underwent voltage maps during a minimum of 2 wavefronts of activation. The bipolar and unipolar low-voltage areas were compared, and direct electrogram analysis was performed in regions where discrepancies were seen. Concordance between wavefronts was measured by calculating percentage of overlap between maps. Sixty endocardial voltage maps (360±147 points) were performed in 29 patients during 2 distinct wavefronts, with 3 wavefronts in 7 patients. With median bipolar and unipolar low-voltage areas of 37 and 116 cm2, respectively, 22% and 14% variability in median scar area was observed with a different activation wavefront. Concordance between wavefronts was lower in patients with mixed scar compared to those with dense scar (52% [interquartile range, 29%–70%] versus 84% [interquartile range, 71%–87%]), with septal scars exhibiting the lowest concordance [(27% (interquartile range, 21%–56%)]. Among 16 critical sites for ventricular tachycardia, 3 (18%) were in a discordant region of scar, with one of the wavefronts showing voltage >1.5 mV. Conclusions— Significant differences in bipolar and unipolar low-voltage characterization of scar were observed with different ventricular activation wavefronts, particularly in septal locations and in patients without dense scar. In patients with a paucity of dense, low-voltage regions identified during substrate mapping, an alternate activation wavefront may increase the sensitivity to detect arrhythmogenic substrate and critical sites for ventricular tachycardia.
Rexford F. Daubenmire and the Ecology of Place: Applied Ecology in the Mid-Twentieth-Century American West

Over his four-decade career in the Pacific Northwest, ecologist Rexford F. Daubenmire (1909–1995) developed an engaged ecology of place. Daubenmire connected regional fieldwork with ecology’s larger theoretical questions about plant communities. A prolific researcher with a national reputation, he practiced applied ecology on rangelands and in forests, orienting much of his work toward determining what vegetation could potentially occupy a habitat type to inform management decisions. Such a perspective made him useful to regional agriculturalists and resource managers but put him at odds with other ecologists who did not believe distinct and predictable plant communities existed. As a case study, Daubenmire reveals contours of ecological debates between the beginnings of American ecology and the rise of the environmental movement, and he also represents those scientists seeking connections between generalized theories, local conditions, and practical problems.
Abstract A34: Regulation of pancreatic cells by isomiRs

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently the 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the U.S. and expected to become the 2nd leading cause behind only lung cancer over the next decade. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, with a length of ~22 nucleotides (nts), that play key roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Their dysregulation has been implicated in many cancers including PDAC. Alternative processing of miRNA precursors can result in the formation of isomiRs that differ by a few bps in either the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of the miRNAs. These seemingly slight differences can potentially alter the set of genes that are targeted by a particular miRNAs thereby resulting in differences in the post-transcriptional regulation program. To examine the role of isomiRs in PDAC, we performed next-generation sequencing of the short RNA transcriptome in two pancreatic cell lines, HPNE and MIA PaCa-2. Using next-generation sequencing. Over 1,000 isomiRs, arising from 500 distinct miRNA loci, were identified as being statistically significantly expressed in the cell lines. Of these isomiRs, we identified over 200 that were differentially expressed between the HPNE and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. Interestingly, 44 miRNA loci gave rise to a differentially expressed isomiR that differed from the one currently listed in miRBase v.20. This suggests that distinct isomiRs from the same miRNA locus can exhibit differences in their expression patterns. In addition to being expressed in the HPNE and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines, we were able to confirm the presence of many of these isomiRs in the short RNA sequences of PDAC primary tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. To further explore the functional role of these isomiRs, we sought potential targets for them among the deep-sequenced data that we obtained from the HPNE and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines after UV-crosslinking followed by Immunoprecipitation with the Argonaute antibody (Ago-CLIP-seq). Indeed, we find that isomiRs from similar miRNA loci do exhibit differences in their preferences for mRNA targets. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the genes targeted by isomiRs reveals an enrichment for pathways involved in the regulation of cell death in the HPNE cell lines. Analogously, isomiR targets in the MiaPaCa-2 cell lines exhibit an enrichment for cell motility pathways. In summary, we find that isomiRs of specific miRNA loci exhibit differences in their expression levels, have distinct mRNA target preferences in two model cell lines, and are specifically involved in the post-transcriptional events regulating gene expression. Citation Format: Eric R. Londin, Phillipe Loher, Kevin Quann, Kathleen Delgrosso, Paolo Fortina, Jonathan Brody, Isidore Rigoutsos. Regulation of pancreatic cells by isomiRs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A34.
Combat Venous Thromboembolism

Service members (SMs) injured by high energy weapons are at increased risk for hemorrhagic shock and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Military physicians must decide when to initiate thromboprophylaxis or therapeutic anticoagulation in combat casualties after massive transfusion and multiple surgeries. Resuscitation with blood components is associated with VTE in the combat casualty, as are amputation and injury from improvised explosive devices (IEDs). There are no formalized scores available to estimate VTE and bleeding risk for the trauma patient. The optimal agent and dosing regimen for chemoprophylaxis have not yet been identified. Diagnosis will generally be made by imaging studies, and modern CT scanners identify emboli that may not need to be treated. When treatment is indicated, duration is a minimum of 3 months. Combat casualties suffer higher VTE rates than their civilian counterparts do. Prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment are challenging. Future research should focus on risk scores to be used on admission and the proper approach to isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism.
Stitches in the Margins: The Embroidery Pattern in AM 235 fol.

AM 235 fol., a collection of translated saintsA¢â¬â¢ lives from ca. 1400, contains a wide variety of marginalia, ranging from religious invocations to childish pen-trials. Perhaps the most unique of the manuscriptA¢â¬â¢s marginalia is a seventeenth-century embroidery pattern on fol. 20v, a grid with large black ornamented letters reading A¢â¬AION A MIGA¢â¬Â (JAÂ³n owns me). In addition to the finished pattern is a smaller, blank grid on fol. 52v. This article discusses the pattern within the tradition of women and embroidery in medieval and early modern Iceland. It speculates as to who may have used the pattern through an examination of other marginalia in the codex, and concludes with a discussion of the significance of the pattern not only for the study of women and needlework in Iceland, but also for our understanding of womenA¢â¬â¢s use and ownership of manuscripts in Iceland, particularly during the early modern period.
“The Most Important Dress in the Country”: The Rhetoric of Glamour in the Smithsonian’s “The First Ladies”

ABSTRACTThis article examines the exhibit “The First Ladies” in the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History. The exhibit, composed primarily of inauguration gowns and china settings from state dinners, has existed since the early twentieth century and is one of the Smithsonian’s most popular and controversial exhibits. I argue that “The First Ladies” relies on a rhetoric of glamour that emphasizes the perfection, ease, and mystery of those who hold this role. This rhetoric constructs a subjectivity for viewers as spectators appreciative of the elite culture on display that perpetuates a masculine way of seeing. The overall impact depoliticizes and domesticates the role of first lady, sidestepping questions of female political power while locating women in a benign, domestic realm. This article contributes to our understanding of how glamour invites us to understand the public memory of powerful women.
White and Latino Locational Attainments: Assessing the Role of Race and Resources in U.S. Metropolitan Residential Segregation:

This study examines White-Latino residential segregation in six U.S. metropolitan areas using new methods to draw a connection between two dominant research traditions in the segregation literature...
Review: Perpetua's Journey: Faith, Gender, & Power in the Roman Empire, by Jennifer A. Rea and Liz Clarke

Jennifer A. Rea and Liz Clarke, Perpetua's Journey: Faith, Gender, & Power in the Roman Empire . New York and Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017, 232pp, $19.95, ISBN 9780190238711 Perpetua's Journey —a volume in Oxford University Press's Graphic History series—is publicized as a graphic depiction of the Passio sanctarum Perpetuae et Felicitatis , yet it also includes a new translation of the text, 75 pages of historical and social context, and a number of ancillary features (timeline, glossary, discussion questions, bibliography, and suggestions for further reading). The book, authored and translated by Jennifer A. Rea (Classics, University of Florida) and illustrated by Liz A. Clarke, is unique with respect to the genres it straddles: it is a translation, graphic novel, and a textbook rolled into one. I picked up the book skeptical of whether it would be worth assigning. I wondered why an instructor might choose to assign a graphic novel instead of a traditional, scholarly edition. Although it might be an appealing in cases where students need to be incentivized to complete reading assignments, was that sufficient reason to ask students to purchase the book in addition to the sourcebooks I ordinarily assign? In her preface, Rea convinced me of the wider range of pedagogical benefits afforded by this format. First and foremost, the graphic novel genre—a genre that reflects a society's characterization of superheroes …
Families of stiffly stable Adams type linear multistep formulas

Certain Adams type linear k-step formulas of order p, denoted by A(k,p), are studied. Interest is in their use in the numerical solution of systems of ordinary differential equations (with initial conditions) which are stiff or "time constant limited," or mildly so. The two parameter families A(4,3) and A(5,4) are analyzed. For each family, sharp bounds on appropriate parameters are given for A^-stability, A(0)-stability, and stiff stability, respectively. Known corresponding results for the one parameter families A(3,3) and A(4,4) follow immediate­ lyCorollaries of certain theorems of Jeltsch (1976) are derived for use in proofs of the above results. Jeltsch gives necessary and sufficient conditions on p(c) and a(c) for A^-stable formulas to be A(0)-stable or stiffly stable. The corollaries give corresponding conditions on r(z) and s(z) . The error constant, the a of A(a)-stability, the D of stiff stabili­ ty, and the decay rate at infinity are computed for several members of A(3,3), A(4,3), and A(5.4) which are stiffly stable and stable at in­ finity. One member is selected from each family for further study. For each, the region of absolute stability is given, and sample problems are solved numerically.
Coordination Compounds Containing Fluorophosphine Ligands

Interest in fluorophosphines as ligands was initiated when Chatt1,2 established the formula Pt(PF3)2X2 for a compound described years ago by Schutzenberger and Fontaine3 and later by Moisson.4 As expected, Pt(PF3)2X2 has square planar cis geometry. The ability of the PF3 unit to serve as a coordination ligand put severe strains on existing coordination theory, since electronegative fluorines attached to the phosphorus would be expected to pull back the phosphorus electron pair and seriously reduce its dδ-bonding ability. Chatt rationalized the existence of Pt(PF3)2X2 by suggesting that d electrons from the platinum were donated back to the d orbitals of the phosphorus to give dπ-dπ;-bonding. The electronegative fluorines attached to the phosphorus would build up the effective positive charge on the central phosphorus atom, and lower the energy of the 3d orbitals enough to permit their use in bonding.
A Unique Bailout Method for the Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurism with a Narrow Iliac Bifurcation

Background Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) became the procedure of first choice for the repair of the abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in the last decades. However, narrow distal aorta remains to be the main limiting factor for the use of EVAR. A limited number of bail-out procedures have been described in the literature to overcome this problem. Methods A 69-year-old male was transferred to our institution for the repair of a ruptured AAA. His initial presentation mimicked an acute coronary syndrome, provoking a cardiac catheterization that documented a ruptured AAA. Results The patient was brought to the operating room for EVAR, but his distal aorta was severely narrowed, preventing the use of a bifurcated graft. We had to convert the bifurcated graft to a unigraft and place two additional grafts extending into the iliac arteries to fix the type I endoleak that we encountered at the distal end of the unigraft. He recovered well postoperatively, and his repair was found to be stable at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion The surgical technique that we are presenting here is a unique bail-out procedure that can be used as an alternative solution to the narrow distal aortas.
Imaging White Matter Anatomy for Brain Tumor Surgery

The cerebral white matter is an intricate network of myelinated fibers that connect gray matter regions and support brain function. A significant challenge in surgical planning of brain tumor resection is the definition of peritumoral white matter anatomy and its spatial relationship to critical cortical areas. The development of diffusion MRI has revolutionized brain imaging by providing the first non invasive window on white matter architecture. Individualized tractography reconstructions of white matter pathways associated with motor, language or vision have the potential to provide clinically relevant information during surgical planning of brain tumor resection, and the technique is gaining increasing interest as a non invasive brain mapping tool. This chapter is an introduction to the theoretical foundations of the acquisition and post-processing of diffusion MRI data, and the current status and limitations of the use of tractography in clinical neurosurgery.
Decoding Acute and Chronic Pain State from Ambulatory Intracranial Recordings: Towards Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation (233)

Objective: Towards developing personalized, adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) for chronic pain, we successfully predict acute and chronic pain states from the first-in-human chronic brain recordings in chronic pain patients. Background: DBS for chronic pain has variable efficacy and is prone to loss of effect over time. DBS may be improved by adaptively stimulating more effective brain regions with optimized parameters in response to individualized brain states. A major gap in knowledge is the underlying neural signals supporting acute (experimental) and chronic (spontaneous) neuropathic pain states. Here, we target novel cortical regions including anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) which have been implicated in the affective dimension of pain. Design/Methods: Four patients with refractory chronic pain syndromes have received the first-in-human chronic neural recording implants for chronic pain using an investigational DBS device. Chronic pain states were studied using frequent at-home reporting of pain scores coincident with patient-triggered neural recordings of local field potentials (LFP). To derive biomarkers, we calculate local field potential power spectra and interregional coherence between ACC and OFC. Pain state prediction is performed with support vector machine classification. Neural responses to acute pain stimuli are tested using quantitative sensory testing. Results: Patient reported pain scores exhibit diurnal trends and individual variability. Delta (2–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz) and gamma-band (30–100 Hz) activity the ACC and OFC, together with ACC-OFC coherence, predict chronic pain scores with up to 80% accuracy within individual. Biomarkers of acute pain states are distinct from chronic pain. Conclusions: Neural signatures of chronic pain can be used to predict an individual’s chronic pain state and may be used to control aDBS. These signatures are distinct from experimental acute pain states, suggesting distinct underlying circuits. Neural signatures of pain are also differentially modulated by stimulation and cognitive tasks (abstract by Chin et. al). Disclosure: Dr. Shirvalkar has received research support from Medtronic.Dr. Chin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dawes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Starr has received research support from Boston Scientific, Medtronic. Dr. Chang has nothing to disclose.
Diagnosing Viral Infections

This paper addresses some of the inherent limitations of detecting viral infections in cattle. It also addresses new diagnostic tests that offer significant practical advantages as well as increased sensitivity of virus detection. The methods presented have been selected from among many new methods that have been recently published and are continuing to be published at an increasing rate. At this time it is best to remark that most of the newer methods have great potential, but have not been subjected to enough field situations or animal specimens to predict future usefulness. In order for development and application of a truly useful test, the critical underlying assumptions necessary for successful diagnosis of bovine viral infections must be examined for their impact on diagnostic methods and diagnostic laboratories.
Evaluating Perspectives of a Smartphone Medication Application in the Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Population: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: Medication adherence research involving adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology patients has consisted of small, retrospective studies demonstrating poor adherence rates. Technology play...
Communicating the risk of contracting Zika virus to low income underserved pregnant Latinas: A clinic-based study

Objective Frequent travel between the Southern border states in the USA, Mexico, and Latin American countries increases the risk of the Zika virus (ZIKV) spread. Patient education on virus transmission is fundamental in decreasing the number of imported cases, particularly among pregnant women. Methods The study used cross-sectional methodology to investigate information sources and knowledge concerning the ZIKV virus among 300 under-served pregnant Latinas recruited from prenatal care clinics in the North Texas region. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between the primary outcomes and patient characteristics. Results Physicians, nurses, and families are the major sources for pregnancy information, while media/internet (65%) and physician/nurse (33%) are the main sources for ZIKV information. Less than one-half of the mothers reported that their physician/nurse did not discuss safe sexual practices or inquired about their sexual practices. A considerable proportion of women from the community clinic were neither warned nor queried about travel to ZIKV risk countries. There is an overall understanding of Zika virus transmission, symptoms, complications, and recommended guidelines. Younger age and single mother status are risk factors for lack of ZIKV knowledge. Foreign-born mothers are 2.5–3.0 times more likely to have knowledge on disease transmission, symptoms, and microcephaly condition. While, younger mothers (18–24) are less likely to have knowledge of ZIKV infection symptoms (fever, rash and pink eye) and transmission of infection via unprotected sexual (vaginal, anal, or oral) behavior, compared to older mothers. Conclusions Interventions are needed to heighten the knowledge of ZIKV, particularly among women of reproductive age and their male partners in the community health care setting. Our study underscores the need for health care providers to be trained in delivering messages to enhance risk perception during health emergencies to vulnerable and underserved families (lower economic background, language ability, and culture). During health emergencies, clinics must disseminate crucial information via multi modalities to ensure messages reach the targeted patients.
A Bilayered, Broadband, Angularly Robust Chiral Metasurface for Asymmetric Transmission

Asymmetric transmission (AT) through metasurfaces yields a direction-sensitive behavior for electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation. To date, majority of the reported works operate at normal incidences alone and are, therefore, highly prone to variations under oblique incidences. In contrast, the chiral metasurface presented in this letter is robust up to 60 $^{\circ }$ incident angle while yielding a transmission magnitude above 80% for an operational-range of 8.1–9.3 GHz in a thin bilayered configuration. Furthermore, since a miniaturized unit-cell is the key to angular robustness of the metasurface, a lumped-model development methodology to determine its resonant frequency is presented. Lastly, it is shown that the reported metasurface can geometrically be scaled to the lower ends of microwave spectrum, thus increasing its utility for mainstream applications. The results have been analytically and experimentally validated and yield state-of-the-art features in comparison to previous works in microwave regime.
Do Type Ia Supernovae Provide Direct Evidence for Past Deceleration of the Universe

Observations of SN 1997ff at z ~ 1.7 favor the accelerating universe interpretation and provide some direct evidence that the universe was once decelerating. We show that the strength of this conclusion depends upon the nature of the dark energy causing the present acceleration. Only for a cosmological constant is the SNe evidence definitive. Using a new test which is independent of the contents of the universe, we show that the SN data favor recent acceleration (z 0.5).