cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary vitamin D deficiency in rats from middle to old age leads to elevated tyrosine nitration and proteomics changes in levels of key proteins in brain: Implications for low vitamin D-dependent age-related cognitive decline

In addition to the well-known effects of vitamin D (VitD) in maintaining bone health, there is increasing appreciation that this vitamin may serve important roles in other organs and tissues, including the brain. Given that VitD deficiency is especially widespread among the elderly, it is important to understand how the range of serum VitD levels that mimic those found in humans (from low to high) affects the brain during aging from middle age to old age. To address this issue, 27 male F344 rats were split into three groups and fed isocaloric diets containing low (100 IU/kg food), control (1000 IU/kg food), or high (10,000 IU/kg food) VitD beginning at middle age (12 months) and continued for a period of 4-5 months. We compared the effects of these dietary VitD manipulations on oxidative and nitrosative stress measures in posterior brain cortices. The low-VitD group showed global elevation of 3-nitrotyrosine compared to control and high-VitD-treated groups. Further investigation showed that this elevation may involve dysregulation of the nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway and NF-κB-mediated transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as indicated by translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and elevation of iNOS levels. Proteomics techniques were used to provide insight into potential mechanisms underlying these effects. Several brain proteins were found at significantly elevated levels in the low-VitD group compared to the control and high-VitD groups. Three of these proteins, 6-phosphofructokinase, triose phosphate isomerase, and pyruvate kinase, are involved directly in glycolysis. Two others, peroxiredoxin-3 and DJ-1/PARK7, have peroxidase activity and are found in mitochondria. Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (cyclophilin A) has been shown to have multiple roles, including protein folding, regulation of protein kinases and phosphatases, immunoregulation, cell signaling, and redox status. Together, these results suggest that dietary VitD deficiency contributes to significant nitrosative stress in brain and may promote cognitive decline in middle-aged and elderly adults.
Expression of Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Human Ovaries: an Immunocytochemical Study*

The cellular distribution of the aromatase cytochrome P-450 enzyme in human ovaries has been investigated immunocytochemically, using an aromatase-specific monoclonal antibody. Ovaries of females ranging in age from prepubertal infant girl through to postmenopausal adulthood were obtained from immediate autopsy or after surgery. The results have revealed temporal and spatial changes in expression of aromatase at different stages of development. No immunoreactive aromatase was detected in the ovary of the 2.5 month infant. In premenopausal ovaries, aromatase was absent from the stromal compartment, but in follicles, a consistent pattern in expression of aromatase was observed, related to their size and developmental stage. Aromatase was not expressed in primordial, primary, or small secondary follicles less than 250 μm diameter. In slightly larger follicles (250–700 nm diameter) aromatase was first detected in a few thecal cells (TC). In more developed secondary through to large preovulatory follicles (>1 ...
Synthesis and structure of a binuclear ruthenium 4-chlorobenzamidato complex

Abstract The compound Ru2Cl(4-Cl-C6H4CONH)4 was prepared by reaction of Ru2Cl(O2CCH3)4 with 4-Cl-C6H4CONH2 at 180°C. Crystals of the composition Ru2Cl(4-Cl-C6H4CONH)4CH3OH were obtained by slow diffusion of CH3OH containing Et4NCl into a Me2SO solution of the compound. The structure of the crystalline product, which loses solvent of crystallization on removal from the mother liquor, was solved by X-ray crystallography by mounting a single crystal in a capillary containing the mother liquor. The crystals belong to the space group P1 (triclinic crystal system) with a = 12.731(3) A, b = 14.389(3) A, c = 12.604(3) A, α = 103.41(2)°, β = 106.43(2)°, γ = 64.90(2)°, V = 1988.6(8) A3 and Z = 2. There are two half ruthenium dimers linked by a Cl atom and an uncoordinated solvent CH3OH molecule per asymmetric unit. The ruthenium dimers lie on two centers of inversion at 0, 0, 0 and 1/2, 0, 0. The chloride ions bridge dinuclear cations in the crystal, forming infinite zigzag chains. The average Ru-Ru distance is 2.296[1] A and each ruthenium atom has a RuClN2O2 coordination sphere where the average Ru′-Ru-Cl angle is virtually linear (175.68[6]°). The metal oxidation states in the complex are + 2 and + 3, giving an average value of + 2.5. The arrangement of four bridging 4-Cl-benzamidato ligands is of the 2 : 2 type. The average Ru-N, Ru-O, Ru-Cl distances and Ru(1)-Cl(1)-Ru(2) angle are 2.036[6] A, 2.044[5] A, 2.583[2] A and 117.26(8)°, respectively. The IR spectrum of the compound shows two N-H stretches at 3380 and 3340 cm−1. The electronic spectrum of the compound in Me2SO exhibits bands at 558 nm (e = 340 M−1 cm−1), 425 nm (1000) and 320 nm (22,700).
Singular semi-linear equations inL 1(R)

Letg be a positive continuous function onR which tends to zero at −∞ and which is not integrable overR. The boundary-value problem −u″+g(u)=f, u′(±∞)=0, is considered forf∈L 1(R). We show that this problem can have a solution if and only ifg is integrable at −∞ and if this is so then the problem is solvable precisely when ∫ −∞ ∞ . Some extensions of this result are also given.
The mean mass density of the Universe

Observations of galaxy clustering indicate that the mean mass density is only about one-third of that predicted by the popular Einstein–de Sitter cosmological model. Theory and observation can be reconciled if there has been large-scale segregation of galaxies from mass, but the gravitational instability of the expanding universe would tend to destroy such a segregation. Thus either conventional ideas about galaxy formation are wrong, or the Einstein–de Sitter model is not a useful approximation.
Image reconstruction in circular cone-beam computed tomography by constrained, total-variation minimization

An iterative algorithm, based on recent work in compressive sensing, is developed for volume image reconstruction from a circular cone-beam scan. The algorithm minimizes the total variation (TV) of the image subject to the constraint that the estimated projection data is within a specified tolerance of the available data and that the values of the volume image are non-negative. The constraints are enforced by the use of projection onto convex sets (POCS) and the TV objective is minimized by steepest descent with an adaptive step-size. The algorithm is referred to as adaptive-steepest-descent-POCS (ASD-POCS). It appears to be robust against cone-beam artifacts, and may be particularly useful when the angular range is limited or when the angular sampling rate is low. The ASD-POCS algorithm is tested with the Defrise disk and jaw computerized phantoms. Some comparisons are performed with the POCS and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms. Although the algorithm is presented in the context of circular cone-beam image reconstruction, it can also be applied to scanning geometries involving other x-ray source trajectories.
Effects of Compressibility upon the Stability Characteristics of a Free Shear Layer

This paper treats smoothly-varying flow-profiles subject to long-wave disturbances in an unbounded isoenergetic shear-layer flow, towards examining the effect of compressibility upon the inviscid stability characteristics of a free-shear flow. Within the framework of the linear theory, the compressibility effects are found to promote the stability of the perturbed basic flow. In order to emphasise the trend of the compressibility effects revealed in the foregoing that considered the flow-field to be inviscid for the purpose of stability analysis, the latter restriction is then removed and the viscous terms in the linearised-disturbance equations are considered in the stability analysis; it is then found that the compressibility effects act towards promoting the stability of the perturbed basic flow thereby validating the conclusions reached in this direction previously under more restricted circumstances. Next, in order to clarify whether the inviscid result has anything to do with the allowance for a sharp discontinuity in the velocity profile underlying the arrangement, this paper then treats a free-shear layer between two parallel streams, the velocity profile for the basic isoenergetic shear being continuous and given by u(y)=tanh y, and the same trend is observed in regard to the effects of compressibility upon the stability characteristics. Die Arbeit behandelt schwach veranderliche Geschwindigkeitsprofile in einer unbegrenzten isoenergetischen Scherstromung, die langwelligen Storungen unterworfen sind, unter dem Gesichtspunkt, welchen Einflus die Konpressibilitat auf die reibungsfreien Stabilitatscharakteristiken einer freien Scherstromung hat. Im Rahmen einer linearen Theorie zeigt sich, das die Kompressibilitat die Stabilitat der gestorten Grundstromung begunstigt. Dann wird eine freie Scherschicht zwischen zwei Parallelstromungen betrachtet, es wird der gleiche Trend fur den Kompressibilitatseinflus auf die Stabilitatscharakteristiken beobachtet.
The application of a murine bone bioreactor as a model of tumor: bone interaction

A limited number of in vivo models that rapidly assess bone development or allow for the study of tumor progression in a closed in vivo environment exist. To address this, we have used bone tissue engineering techniques to generate a murine in vivo bone bioreactor. The bioreactor was created by implanting an osteoconductive hydroxyapatite scaffold pre-loaded with saline as a control or with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to the murine femoral artery. Control and BMP-2 bioreactors were harvested and histologically assessed for vascularization and bone formation at 6 and 12 weeks post implantation. BMP-2 significantly enhanced the formation of osteoid within the bioreactor in comparison to the controls. To test the in vivo bone bioreactor as a model of tumor: bone interaction, FVB mice were implanted with control or BMP-2 treated bioreactors. After 6 weeks, an osteolytic inducing mammary tumor cell line tagged with luciferase (PyMT-Luc) derived from the polyoma virus middle T (PyMT) model of mammary tumorigenesis was delivered to the bioreactor via the femoral artery. Analysis of luciferase expression over time demonstrated that the presence of osteoid in the BMP-2 treated bioreactors significantly enhanced the growth rate of the PyMT-Luc cells in comparison to the control group. These data present a unique in vivo model of ectopic bone formation that can be manipulated to address molecular questions that pertain to bone development and tumor progression in a bone environment.
Amino acid suppression of taurine-sensitive chemosensory neurons

Abstract Single unit recordings from chemoreceptors on the antennule of the spiny lobster revealed a population of taurine-sensitive cells whose response is suppressed when taurine is presented in mixture with certain amino acids. A synthetic mixture of 21 amino acids plus betaine, which mimics the composition of a natural food stimulus (crab muscle tissue) and itself contains taurine, totally and reversibly blocked the taurine response of this group of receptor cells. An analysis of the contribution to this suppression by the six major components (based on concentration) in the mixture revealed partial or complete inhibitory activity by five of the compounds. In a sample group of the inhibited cells, mean percent suppression of the taurine response was 99% for glycine and l -arginine, 98% for l -glutamine, 60% for l -alanine and 43% for l -proline. Both glycine and alanine in binary mixture with taurine caused a right-shift in the concentration-response function for taurine, suggesting a competitive mechanism of suppression. pA2 values determined from these data yielded 4.17 for glycine and 3.55 for alanine. These results suggest that the processing of chemical information in quality and/or intensity coding of natural stimulus mixtures can be tempered by interactions of the components at the receptor-cell level, and possibly at the receptor-sites themselves.
Rotating modons over isolated topography in a two-layer ocean

The nonlinear quasigeostrophic equations for two layers with finite scale topography in the lower layer are reduced to steady form by focusing on solutions that rotate at a constant rate and also decay monotonically outside the topography. The solutions, here called rotating baroclinic modons, are a composition of one radially dependent azimuthal component and a basic axisymmetric component. Smoothness conditions (global continuity of the streamfunction and its first derivatives), when applied to the azimuthal mode, result in a complicated eigenvalue problem. The consequence of this is a single azimuthal mode with arbitrary amplitude. When applied to the axisymmetric solution component, the smoothness conditions allow for a vortex of arbitrary amplitude, a rider, in each layer. These riders determine the rotation rate, which may be cyclonic or anticyclonic, as well as other modon parameters. Two special cases of the theory are discussed and numerical examples of the general solutions are given. The solutions exhibit a rich variety of behavior with a countable infinity of exact solution multipoles. The paper concludes with a comparison of the properties of rotating and rectilinear baroclinic modons and some speculations on applications of the theory.
Apparatus to detect limb components of startle in rat

An apparatus to detect forelimb, hindlimb, and whole-body rat acoustic startle responses was constructed and tested. The apparatus included separate sensors for forelimbs and hindlimbs and a jointed animal holder. Limb responses were reasonably well isolated, allowing initial determination of their contributions to the whole-body response.
Isoelectric precipitation of adenovirus and of its complement-fixing antigen.

Abstract The isoelectric points of adenovirus (M-2) and its complement-fixing (CF) antigen are 3.9 and 3.4 at low salt concentration. They become lower with an increase in ionic strength. Both the virus and the CF antigen can be recovered quantitatively (90% or better) by isoelectric precipitation at 5°. The virus and CF antigen can be partially separated by differential isoelectric precipitation and by electrophoresis.
Putting our best boots forward: US military deployments and host-country crime

The deployment of military forces abroad has been a major component of the US’s grand strategy since the beginning of the Cold War. However, some scholars have argued that the presence of US milita...
Cross‐Cultural Issues in the Disclosure of Cancer

purpose: To increase awareness of cultural differences in the disclosure of a cancer diagnosis or prognosis, the author reviews several surveys of patients and physicians from around the world. overview: The Western medical community is increasingly emphasizing full truthful dislosure of cancer diagnoses or prognoses and respect for autonomy as necessary prerequisites to ethical practice. However, surveys of European, Japanese, Native American, and various ethnic American (including Korean, Chinese, Mexican, Hispanic, African, and European American) cancer patients and physicians reveal that many cultures consider complete and accurate disclosure of cancer undesirable. Cultural differences in the rates of disclosure of a cancer diagnosis or prognosis; the physician's use of euphemisms to give a true or false diagnosis; as well as considerations of how to disclose a cancer diagnosis are described. clinical implications: Developing an awareness about cross-cultural practices regarding cancer disclosure issues allows the clinician to become more sensitive to the expectations of culturally and individually diverse cancer patients. To this end, all healthcare professionals should be informed about how the patient would like to be informed of a diagnosis and how involved he or she would like family members to be. In addition, an awareness of the use of nonverbal communication in some cultures and the psychosocial impact of certain terms, such as “cancer,” is essential. Often, phrases such as “ malignant tumor” or “growth” are less inflammatory and are more readily accepted. In ascertaining a knowledge of various cultural preferences and developing a sensitivity to these preferences, clinicians are better able to provide effective care to individuals from a variety of cultural and individual backgrounds.
The Older Driver with Parkinson's Disease

Abstract This study surveyed older drivers with Parkinson's disease (PD) and a control group for the purpose of obtaining information about driving history, habits, and expectations about driving cessation. Compared to control subjects, PD drivers were more likely to have reduced their driving over the past 5 years (p = 0.002). In addition, PD drivers had significantly more crashes (p = 0.003). Not surprisingly, families of PD drivers expressed greater concern about patient driving (p = 0.0001). Because of the complexities of the issue of driving and PD, social workers have the responsibility to provide emotional and practical supports to their PD clients and family members.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Teaching of Foreign Literature.

on a regular basis. Several show a hastiness in planning and execution that make me wish that their publication had been delayed. Specialized critically annotated bibliographies should be produced by individuals who are specialists in their field. Those who insist on producing comprehensive bibliographies for the field of Chicano studies should not forget that they can guarantee their own accuracy only through per'sonal examination of the items that they list. There should be a definition of the term "Chicano" or "Mexican-American," for surely every history of the United States or of Mexico does not qualify for inclusion in a bibliographical study of the Chicano.
An experimental study of the molecular mixing process in an axisymmetric laminar vortex ring

Results are presented from an experimental study of the molecular mixing of a dynamically passive conserved scalar quantity in an axisymmetric laminar vortex ring. The experiments are based on highly resolved laser‐induced fluorescence imaging measurements of the scalar field ζ(x,t) in the diametral plane of the ring, from which the evolution of the molecular mixing rate field ∇ζ⋅∇ζ(x,t) can be directly examined. In particular, the structure and dynamics of the mixing process are addressed during the three characteristic stages in the ring evolution, namely, (i) the ring generation stage, (ii) the ring pinch‐off stage, and (iii) the asymptotic stage of the ring. Results show a layering of the mixing process in which the diffusional cancellation term ∇(∇ζ):∇(∇ζ) plays a major role in setting the overall mixing rate achieved. The scalar field measurements are also used to extract detailed information about the underlying velocity field in the ring.
Some Observations on Fort and Winfree “Nash Conjectures and Talent Supply in Sports League Modeling A Comment on Current Modeling Disagreements”

In a recent comment, Fort and Winfree claimed to clear up some confusion about the implications of contest theory and the game theoretic approach to modeling contests, following the earlier work of...
Websigns: hyperlinking physical locations to the Web

HP researchers are developing handheld devices that combine wireless technology and ubiquitous computing to provide a transparent linkage between physical entities in the environment and resources available on the Web. First-generation mobile computing technologies typically use protocols such as WAP and i-mode to let PDAs, smart phones, and other wireless devices with Web browsers access the Internet, thereby freeing users from the shackles of their desktops. We believe, in addition, users would benefit from having access to devices that combine the advantages of wireless technology and ubiquitous computing to provide a transparent linkage between the physical world around them and the resources available on the Web. We are developing devices that augment users' reality with Web services related to the physical objects they see.
Suggestibility From Stories: Can Production Difficulties and Source Monitoring Explain a Developmental Reversal?

Children's memories improve throughout childhood, and this improvement is often accompanied by a reduction in suggestibility. In this context, it is surprising that older children learn and reproduce more factual errors from stories than do younger children (Fazio & Marsh, 2008). The present study examined whether this developmental reversal is limited to production tests, or whether younger children are still less suggestible when the final test (multiple-choice) asks them to recognize the answer. A second goal was to explore the role of source monitoring in children's suggestibility by examining children's awareness of learning within, versus before, the experiment. Five-year-olds and 7-year-olds listened to stories containing correct, neutral, and misleading references and later took either a multiple-choice or short-answer general knowledge test. In addition, they judged whether each answer had appeared in the stories and whether they had known it before the experiment. Critically, a developmental rev...
Temperature affects sole carbon utilization patterns of Campylobacter coli 49941.

Campylobacter spp. are small, asaccharolytic bacteria exhibiting unique nutritional and environmental requirements. Campylobacter spp. exist as commensal organisms in some animal species, yet are estimated to be the most common causative agents of foodborne illness in humans. C. jejuni is most often associated with poultry, while C. coli are more frequently associated with swine. Temperature has been suggested to trigger potential colonization or virulence factors in C. jejuni, and recent studies have demonstrated temperature-dependent genes are important to colonization. It is possible that temperature-dependent colonization factors are in part responsible for the species-specific colonization characteristics of C. coli also. We determined utilization of 190 different sole carbon substrates by C. coli ATCC 49941 at 37 and 42°C using phenotype microarray (PM) technology. Temperature did affect amino acid utilization. l-asparagine and l-serine allowed significantly (P = 0.004) more respiration by C. coli ATCC 49941 at the lower temperature of 37°C as compared to 42°C. Conversely, l-glutamine was utilized to a significantly greater extent (P = 0.015) at the higher temperature of 42°C. Other organic substrates exhibited temperature-dependent utilization including succinate, d,l-malate, and propionate which all supported active respiration by C. coli to a significantly greater extent at 42°C. Further investigation is needed to determine the basis for the temperature-dependent utilization of substrates by Campylobacter spp. and their possible role in species-specific colonization.
Selenium content of rat hair, nails, and other tissues as affected by concurrent exposure to toxic elements

Abstract Because selenium (Se) compounds may have anticarcinogenic properties, noninvasive techniques to monitor Se status are needed. Hair and nails have been suggested, but earlier work by us showed that their Se content is a function of the amount ingested, chemical form, methionine intake, and growth rate. Here we report that the Se in hair and nails can also be influenced by the concurrent intake of certain toxic elements. Male weanling rats were fed diets containing 2.0 ppm Se as Na 2 SeO 4 for 4 weeks. Elements were added to the water of 5 groups of rats as follows: none, 10 ppm As as sodium arsenite, 10 ppm Hg as mercuric chloride, 10 ppm Tl as thallium acetate, and 10 ppm Cd as cadmium chloride. Control rats received diets containing 0.1 ppm Se as Na 2 SeO 4 and distilled water. Hair and nail Se levels were significantly decreased by administration of As, and As decreased red cell, plasma, and kidney Se contents as well. In contrast, Hg decreased hair and nail, but increased plasma, liver, muscle, bone, colon, and kidney Se contents. Tl decreased hair but increased liver and kidney Se content. Cd had no effect on hair or nail Se content but decreased red cell Se levels. Toxic elements have tissue-specific effects on body pools of Se that are not well-reflected in changes of hair and nail Se contents.
A scalable parallel cell-projection volume rendering algorithm for three-dimensional unstructured data

Visualizing three dimensional unstructured data from aerodynamics calculations is challenging because the associated meshes are typically large in size and irregular in both shape and resolution. The goal of this research is to develop a fast, efficient parallel volume rendering algorithm for massively parallel distributed memory supercomputers consisting of a large number of very powerful processors. We use cell projection instead of ray casting to provide maximum flexibility in the data distribution and rendering steps. Effective static load balancing is achieved with a round robin distribution of data cells among the processors. A spatial partitioning tree is used to guide the rendering, optimize the image compositing step, and reduce memory consumption. Communication cost is reduced by buffering messages and by overlapping communication with rendering calculations as much as possible. Tests on the IBM SP2 demonstrate that these strategies provide high rendering rates and good scalability. For a dataset containing half a million tetrahedral cells, we achieve two frames per second for a 400/spl times/400 pixel image using 128 processors.
Classifying and characterizing efficiencies and inefficiencies in data development analysis

DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) attempts to identify sources and estimate amounts of inefficiencies contained in the outputs and inputs generated by managed entities called DMUs (=Decision Making Units). Explicit formulation of underlying functional relations with specified parametric forms relating inputs to outputs is not required. An overall (scalar) measure of efficiency is also obtained for each DMU from the observed values of its multiple inputs and outputs without requiring uses of a priori weights. There are many different ways of specifying DEA reference sets. A partition into 6 classes is provided for such observations in which 3 are scale inefficient and 3 are scale efficient with the latter containing substs of DMUs that are also technically (=zero waste) efficient.
Differential screening and mass mapping of proteins from premalignant and cancer cell lines using nonporous reversed-phase HPLC coupled with mass spectrometric analysis.

Nonporous (NPS) RP-HPLC has been used to rapidly separate proteins from whole cell lysates of human breast cell lines. The nonporous separation involves the use of hard-sphere silica beads of 1.5-μ...
Prazosin reduces alcohol drinking throughout prolonged treatment and blocks the initiation of drinking in rats selectively bred for high alcohol intake.

Background This study examined whether prazosin reduces alcohol drinking over the course of prolonged treatment and whether it blocks the initiation of alcohol drinking in rats with a genetic predisposition toward high alcohol drinking, that is alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Methods In study one, alcohol-experienced P rats that had been drinking alcohol for 2 h/d for several months were treated daily with prazosin (0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg body weight [BW]) for 7 weeks. In study two, alcohol-naive P rats were treated daily with prazosin (0, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg BW) for 2 weeks prior to, or concomitantly with, the initiation of alcohol access and throughout 3 weeks of alcohol availability. Prazosin treatment and alcohol access were then discontinued for 2 weeks followed by reinstatement of alcohol access without prazosin treatment for 4 weeks, followed by resumption of daily prazosin treatment (2.0 mg/kg BW) for 3 weeks. Results Prazosin reduced alcohol drinking throughout 7 weeks of treatment in P rats accustomed to drinking alcohol. Following termination of prazosin treatment, alcohol drinking slowly returned to pretreatment baseline. Reduced alcohol intake was accompanied by increased water intake. In alcohol-naive P rats, prazosin administration prior to the first opportunity to drink alcohol and throughout 3 weeks of alcohol access retarded acquisition of alcohol drinking and reduced the amount of alcohol consumed. When prazosin was administered concomitantly with the first opportunity to drink alcohol, it abolished acquisition of alcohol drinking. Discontinuation of prazosin treatment allowed expression of a genetic predisposition toward high alcohol drinking to gradually emerge. Prazosin retained the ability to reduce alcohol intake with repeated treatments. Conclusions Prazosin decreased alcohol drinking during prolonged treatment and may be useful for treating alcoholism and alcohol-use disorders. Prazosin may also be useful for deterring the initiation of drinking in individuals with a family history of alcoholism.
A Kantian Argument against Abortion

Critique de quelques arguments pour ou contre l'avortement| expose d'un argument a partir de Kant, contre l'avortement en particulier mais de portee generale: en substance, la logique demande que le partisan de l'avortement (ou du vol, etc.) accepte d'en etre la victime ou de l'avoir ete. Reponse a six objections.
Extremal values of ratios: Distance problems vs. subtree problems in trees II

We discovered a dual behavior of two tree indices, the Wiener index and the number of subtrees, for a number of extremal problems (Szekely and Wang, 2006, 2005). We introduced the concept of subtree core: the subtree core of a tree consists of one or two adjacent vertices of a tree that are contained in the largest number of subtrees. Let @s(T) denote the sum of distances between unordered pairs of vertices in a tree T and @s"T(v) the sum of distances from a vertex v to all other vertices in T. Barefoot et al. (1997) determined extremal values of @s"T(w)/@s"T(u), @s"T(w)/@s"T(v), @s(T)/@s"T(v), and @s(T)/@s"T(w), where T is a tree on n vertices, v is in the centroid of the tree T, and u,w are leaves in T. Let F(T) denote the number of subtrees of T and F"T(v) the number of subtrees containing v in T. In Part I of this paper we tested how far the negative correlation between distances and subtrees go if we look for (and characterize) the extremal values of F"T(w)/F"T(u), F"T(w)/F"T(v). In this paper we characterize the extremal values of F(T)/F"T(v), and F(T)/F"T(w), where T is a tree on n vertices, v is in the subtree core of the tree T, and w is a leaf in T-completing the analogy, changing distances to the number of subtrees.
The Boolean algebra of formulas of first-order logic

Abstract The algebraic and recursive structure of countable languages of classical first-order logic with equality is analysed. All languages of finite undecidable similarity type are shown to be algebraically and recursively equivalent in the following sense: their Boolean algebras of formulas are, after trivial involving the one element models of the languages have been excepted, recursively isomorphic by a map which preserves the degree of recursiveness of their models.
Diagnosis and current treatment options of shoulder impingement

A comprehensive review of shoulder impingement reveals numerous causes, contributing factors, and therapeutic options for the resolution of symptoms and return to optimal shoulder function. The clinical diagnosis of shoulder impingement is rather straightforward, but the challenge arises in identifying causative factors and directing treatment options to alleviate symptoms and restore normal function. Shoulder impingement occurs when the space between the proximal humerus and the coracoacromial arch is narrowed such that the transversing tendons, primarily the supraspinatus and to a lesser degree, the infraspinatus, are injured. As the most diagnosed shoulder ailment an understanding of shoulder anatomy, supporting musculature and function, inciting factors, and individual demands are critical in directing the appropriate treatment plan. Medications, therapeutic exercise and surgical interventions all have their place in the treatment of shoulder impingement.
Performance of selected lightweight wheelchairs on ANSI/RESNA tests

Abstract Objective: This study provides data for clinicians and wheelchair users to compare the durability, stability, and cost effectiveness of three different lightweight wheelchair models: the Everest & Jennings EZ Lite, the Invacare Rolls 2000, and the Quickie Designs Breezy. A second objective was to compare the results from this study to those published for ultralight and institutional depot wheelchairs. Design: Randomized standards testing of three wheelchair models from each manufacturer (nine wheelchairs total). Results: There were no significant differences ( p > .05) in fatigue life, life-cycle cost, or static stability between the three models of lightweight wheelchairs (ie, EZ Lite, Rolls 2000, or Breezy). There were, however, significant differences ( p Conclusion: The three models of lightweight wheelchairs tested are substantially similar and their fatigue lives are significantly ( p
Py-GC/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF CID Study of Poly(phenyl sulfone) Fragmentation Reactions

We report a combination of the evaporation−grinding MALDI sample preparation method, MALDI-TOF/TOF CID, and Py-GC/MS to examine the fragmentation mechanisms of poly(phenyl sulfone) (PPSF). The fragmentation pattern for PPSF was compared to that of polysulfone from our previous study to test the generality of the established degradation mechanism. Py-GC/MS allowed prediction of preferred fragmentation of PPSF location based upon polysulfone fragmentation patterns and identification of four sulfide-containing fragments that were not seen in polysulfone. The identification of sulfide moieties in the Py-GC/MS of PPSF indicates that the lack of an isopropylidene group, like that found in polysulfone, may decrease the stability the sulfone group, thus resulting in its reduction to the more stable sulfide. Our study indicates that both poly(aryl ether sulfone)s preferentially cleave at the phenyl−sulfone bond, followed by the phenyl−oxygen bond. We were also able to make predictions on the CID fragmentation of l...
Degradation of poly(A)-binding protein in apoptotic cells and linkage to translation regulation.

We have recently shown that poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is cleaved during poliovirus and Coxsackievirus infection by viral 3Cprotease and that 3Cprotease modification of a subset of PABP can result in significant translation inhibition. During apoptosis, translation undergoes significant down-regulation that correlates with caspase-3 mediated cleavage of several translation factors, including eIF4G, 4EBP1 and eIF2α. The fate of PABP in apoptotic cells has not yet been examined. Here we show that PABP levels decline significantly via proteolytic degradation in apoptotic HeLa, Jurkat and MCF7 cells. The degradation of PABP correlated with translation inhibition but lagged behind cleavage of eIF4GI. In apoptotic MCF7 cells translation inhibition occurred without modification of most translation factors and correlated with PABP degradation. PABP was not cleaved during incubation with several caspases, yet caspase 3 induced weak PABP degradative activity in cells lysates. Both the caspase inhibitor zVAD and calpain inhibitors blocked PABP cleavage in vivo, while the proteosome inhibitor MG132 induced PABP degradation. Protease(s) activated during apoptosis preferentially degraded PABP associated with ribosomes and translation factors, but not PABP in other cellular compartments. The data suggest that targeted degradation of PABP contributes to translation inhibition in apoptotic cells.
Timing of moderate level prenatal alcohol exposure influences gene expression of sensory processing behavior in rhesus monkeys.

Sensory processing disorder (SPD), characterized by over- or under-responsivity to non-noxious environmental stimuli, is a common but poorly understood disorder. We examined the role of prenatal alcohol exposure, serotonin transporter gene polymorphic region variation (rh5-HTTLPR), and striatal dopamine (DA) function on behavioral measures of sensory responsivity to repeated non-noxious sensory stimuli in macaque monkeys. Results indicated that early gestation alcohol exposure induced behavioral under-responsivity to environmental stimuli in monkeys carrying the short (s) rh5-HTTLPR allele compared to both early-exposed monkeys homozygous for the long (l) allele and monkeys from middle-to-late exposed pregnancies and controls, regardless of genotype. Moreover, prenatal timing of alcohol exposure altered the relationship between sensory scores and DA D2R availability. In early-exposed monkeys, a positive relationship was shown between sensory scores and DA D2R availability, with low or blunted DA function associated with under-responsive sensory function. The opposite pattern was found for the middle-to-late gestation alcohol-exposed group. These findings raise questions about how the timing of prenatal perturbation and genotype contributes to effects on neural processing and possibly alters neural connections.
The Myth of Man the Hunter, Man the Killer and the Evolution of Human Morality

Since the discovery of the first man-ape, many have assumed that the earliest humans were hunters and that this was associated with a “killer instinct.” The myth of “man the hunter” was repeated in the 1960s in anthropology texts and popular literature. In the 1970s it was adopted by sociobiologists to explain human nature. “Man the hunter” is used to explain not only human biology but also human morality. The morals described, however, often reflect ancient beliefs and appear to be new ways of justifying old morality codes. The newest version of this myth is presented in a recent book, Demonic Males. I will discuss various accounts of this myth and the evidence used to justify them, and will specifically critique the arguments presented in Demonic Males.
Coherence in Transpacific Movements of Positive and Negative Anomalies of Sea Surface Temperature, 1953-60

Computer analyses of 2 million observations of sea surface temperature provide evidence of orderly transpacific movements of large areas of anomalous warm and cold-surface water which greatly influence environmental conditions off the west coasts of the United States and Canada. These quasipermanent features seem to move around the North Pacific gyre, roughly 180° out of phase, with periods of 5-6 yr.
Steady-state coupling of ion-channel conformations to a transmembrane ion gradient

Under stationary conditions, opening and closing of single Torpedo electroplax chloride channels show that the number of transitions per unit time between inactivated and conducting states are unequal in opposite directions. This asymmetry, which increases with transmembrane electrochemical gradient for the chloride ion, violates the principle of microscopic reversibility and thus demonstrates that the channel-gating process is not at thermodynamic equilibrium. The results imply that the channel's conformational states are coupled to the transmembrane electrochemical gradient of the chloride ion.
The Effects of Processing Conditions on the Thermal Conductivity of Polycrystalline Silicon Films

Polycrystalline silicon has been a primary material used in development of mocroelectrical mechanical systems due to its attractive structural properties and compatibility with CMOS processing. Among its many applications, polysilicon is currently being employed in MEMS devices that require thermal dissipation or thermal management to ensure functionality (thermal actuators, microengines, etc.). In these applications, heat conduction in polycrystalline silicon becomes a primary factor in the design, performance, and reliability of thermal MEMS.© 2003 ASME
Effects of plant community composition and exposure to wave action on invertebrate habitat use of Lake Huron coastal wetlands

Invertebrate communities from different coastal marsh-plant communities were compared along wave-exposure gradients using data from 1994, 1998 and 1999. Data were subjected to correspondence analyses to search for patterns in invertebrate communities in relation to plant-community structure and wave exposure. In 1994, quantitative plant- and sediment-invertebrate samples were taken from nine habitats: four from inland, subsurface-connected marshes and five from littoral, emergent marshes. In 1998, sweep-net samples were taken from 13 plant communities: six on the exposed and seven on the protected side of an island. In 1999, 2–3 plant communities/sites were sampled with sweep nets from four sites around the Bay so that intersite differences between inner, less-exposed and outer, more-exposed habitats could be examined. In all three studies, correspondence analyses separated inland, protected or inner sites from littoral, exposed or outer sites, suggesting differences in invertebrate-community structure. For example, Hydracarina and Asellidae occurred in large numbers in inland sites, but were less common or absent from exposed, littoral sites. Littoral marshes also separated along an exposure gradient with Tanytarsini and Orthocladiinae collectors of organic particles occurring in very high numbers in outer, exposed areas where organic particles from the pelagic zone entered the marsh. Certain plant-community types clustered together (e.g. wet meadow and Scirpus) while others, such as Typha, stands clustered according to exposure to waves suggesting the importance of both plant-community structure and wave exposure in determining invertebrate-community structure. We present a conceptual model that suggests that invertebrates in Great Lakes' marshes are distributed along gradients of decreased mixing of pelagic water and increases in sediment organic matter from outer to inner marsh and between littoral and adjacent inland marshes. Some invertebrates do best on one end of these gradients, while the majority are generalists found across habitat types.
The Role of Activity Restriction in the Association Between Pain and Depression: A Study of..

Research provides ample evidence that children with chronic and debilitating medical illnesses are at increased risk for psychological and psychosocial maladjustment. Functional impairment is believed to contribute to psychosocial distress in pediatric populations, yet little is known about the specific factors that predict increased risk Results from the total sample (N = 73) supported a conceptual model specifying that restriction of normal activities (e.g., playing with friends, attending school) would mediate the association between chronic pain and sytnptoms of depression. However, this process differed somewhat in preadolescent and adolescent patients. 'I'hat is, among younger children (5-12 years of age), pain predicted activity restriction, which, in turn, predicted depressed affect. and activity restriction mediated the association between pain and depressed affect. In contrast, among older children (ages 13-18), activity restriction did not serve an analogous mediating role because pain was not ...
Transient swelling of the Schneiderian membrane after transversal sinus augmentation: a pilot study

Objective The predictability and simplicity of the Summers' technique for sinus floor elevation encouraged many clinicians to consider this new approach. The impact of such intervention on the sinus mucosa has, however, not been explored extensively. This pilot study followed the response of the Schneiderian membrane, longitudinally, via cone-beam CT images. Material and methods Ten consecutive patients (five women, mean age 58.7 years) referred for implant therapy in the posterior part of the maxilla, in combination with a trans-alveolar sinus floor elevation (13 sinuses involved), were enrolled. CBCT images were taken prior to and at 1 week and 1 month after surgery. The changes in thickness of the Schneiderian membrane were scored at nine standardized points per sinus using reformatted cross-sectional images. Results One week after sinus floor elevation, the Schneiderian membrane showed a significant swelling of 9.2 mm in the middle (SD 0.3; P < 0.005), 7.2 mm medially (SD 2.5; P < 0.005) and 3.9 mm laterally (SD 0,3; P < 0.05), respectively, resulting in an overall mean of 6.7 mm (SD 2.6), which fully disappeared 3 weeks later. This swelling involved the entire floor of the sinus and not only the augmented area. Conclusions Within the limitations of this pilot study, one can conclude that the Schneiderian membrane responds with a significant “transient” swelling (5–10× its size) during the first weeks of healing.
Surface Features of Foam-Dried Milk Powder Granules from Krypton Adsorption Measurements

Abstract Krypton adsorption data were used to calculate the surface areas of various dried milk powders utilizing the standard Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) treatment. Measured areas were all very low (≤1mg 2 /g); however, small changes in powder structure and porosity as affected by processing techniques were observed. Materials studied included conventional spray-dried powders, spray-dried milk foams, vacuum-dried foam, and instantized powders. Evidence for marked differences in structure of spray-dried foams as affected by the nature and volume of gas injected during the foaming process was obtained by comparing surface area values for these materials. The magnitude of the surface area was directly proportional to the volume of N 2 injected into the liquid milk concentrate prior to the spray drying. When soluble gases, CO 2 or N 2 O, were used, a nonlinear relationship between surface area and injected gas volume was observed. Differences in surface areas are attributed to porosity effects, as corroborated with evidence from density measurements and microscopic observations.
The hypoglycemic response to insulin in man after sulfonylurea by mouth.

IT IS now fairly well established that the sulfonylureas are effective in reducing the hyperglycemia of many patients with diabetes mellitus, especially those in whom the diabetes developed after 40 years of age (1–4). The precise mechanism whereby the sulfonamide derivatives produce a reduction in the blood sugar of animal and man is still unknown. There is general agreement that these compounds do not elicit a hypoglycemic response in the totally depancreatized dog (5) and the severely diabetic alloxanized rat (6). Accordingly, the hypoglycemic response is dependent upon the integrity of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and the presence of insulin. Further, the response cannot be due to a diminution in the availability or activity of glucagon, since the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans are relatively intact in the alloxanized animal. Likewise, the response cannot be due to some nonspecific hepatotoxic effect or a decrease in the activity of the anterior pituitary or adrenal cortex, sinc...
Homogeneity of Friendship Networks of Elderly Blacks and Whites

Race and sex were found to be the most salient parameters of friendship. Multivariate analyses revealed that blacks tend to have less homogeneous friendship networks than their white counterparts only in regard to marital status. How close respondents felt to their friends, on the average, was positively related to the level of age and sex homogeneity of the network. Respondent's education was positively related to all five types of homogeneity. It was found that the size theorem from Blau's primitive theory of social structure accounted for some of the findings. Exceptions were in race and education homogeneity, where discrimination and social distance figured into possible explanations.