cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research and mentorship as cornerstones of advancing academic emergency medicine globally

April 3rd marked the debut of the International Journal of Emergency Medicine’s first issue and the first meeting of the Editorial Board. Several excellent ideas for advancing the mission of international emergency medicine arose. Of these, one recurrent theme was that of bringing to publication important work occurring in developing countries. While this is clearly one of the goals of the International Journal of Emergency Medicine, simply welcoming such contributions may not be adequate. Several barriers may preclude a manuscript from even being submitted, such as language barriers, inexperience with scientific writing or lack of guidance for how to develop a given manuscript. The importance of mentorship in a successful academic career has been documented [1]. With these concerns in mind, the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Emergency Medicine has decided to institute three new journal features: An academic mentorship programme for authors wishing to contribute their work to the International Journal of Emergency Medicine Standardized reporting guidelines for various study designs and A new journal feature entitled “clinical research capsule”. The International Journal of Emergency Medicine academic mentorship programme is proposed to function as follows: Authors interested in the programme will fill out an electronic request that will be available on the website. The form will ask for information regarding the subject of the manuscript, the stage that it is in and the type of assistance required. Upon receipt of the form, the proposal will be evaluated. If accepted, a member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to the primary author, who will work with him or her to produce a high quality manuscript suitable for publication in the International Journal of Emergency Medicine. Standardized reporting guidelines: The International Journal of Emergency Medicine encourages reporting of research studies according to the following standardized guidelines referred to in the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. These include: STROBE [2] (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of cohort studies STARD [3] statement–checklist of items that should be included in reports of diagnostic studies MOOSE [4] statement–checklist of items that should be included in reports of meta-analyses CONSORT [5] (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement—checklist of items that should be included in reports of randomized clinical trials
Further measurement of the beta-delayed alpha-particle emission of 16N

Abstract The 12C(α,γ)16O reaction is a key (but still unknown) reaction in helium burning. Several attempts to constrain the S-factor at Helium burning temperatures (200 MK) using the beta-delayed alpha-particle emission of 16N have been made. However, some discrepancy exists between the spectra measured at Seattle and that of TRIUMF. We have improved our previous study of the beta-delayed alpha-particle emission of 16N by improving our statistical sample (by more than a factor of 5), improving the energy resolution of the experiment (by 20%), and in understanding our line shape. The observed spectrum of the beta-delayed alpha-particle emission of 16N is consistent with the Seattle('95) data, as well as an earlier experiment performed at Mainz('71) and is not consistant with the TRIUMF('94) data.
Interaction virial coefficients in hydrogen-bonded mixtures

Abstract Measurements are reported of the excess second virial coefficients ϵ = B 12 − (B 11 + B 22 ) 2 for acetone + chloroform, + 1-hydroperfluoroheptane, and chloroform + triethylamine in which there is intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Acetone + perfluorohexane and benzene + cyclohexane have also been studied. Each mixture was studied at 308, 323, 348, and 373 K; acetone + chloroform was also investigated at 298 K. Values of B12 have been calculated by combining our results with literature values of the virial coefficients of the pure components. Derived enthalpies of mixing for acetone + chloroform and benzene +cyclohexane in the gas phase are in good agreement with direct measurements. Equilibrium constants and the standard enthalpy change ΔH ⊖ for the formation of an acetone + chloroform complex have been calculated. The ΔH ⊖ for a chloroform + triethylamine complex has also been obtained.
Team approach to working through transference and countertransference in a pediatric/psychiatric milieu.

The principles of transference and counter transference are essential to understanding and working through the intense pain and anger that often dominate the emotional field of the pediatric/psychiatric milieu. Using Winnicott's model of the maternal/ infant relationship, this milieu can be seen as a holding environment where transferential phenomena can be expressed, interpreted, and worked through. Anger and pain are common elements of the transferencel counter transference relationship matrix of the milieu. Staff often have a strong bias regarding anger and hostility. If they are willing to examine their bias, and are given the forums within which to do so, then patients' anger and hostility can be viewed and interpreted in an adaptive and facilitative manner. Working through in a milieu setting is accomplished by both verbal processing and the lived experience.
A two‐factor classification of competitive strategy variables

This paper focuses on the appropriateness of a two-factor classification of competitive strategy variables as success producers and failure preventers. Theoretical frameworks which provide static and quasi-dynamic perspectives of the proposed two-factor classification are outlined. An empirical exposition of the success producing and failure preventing properties of marketing strategy variables is presented using the PIMS data. Strategic implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Proteasome-dependent degradation of the human estrogen receptor

In eukaryotic cells, the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is the major mechanism for the targeted degradation of proteins with short half-lives. The covalent attachment of ubiquitin to lysine residues of targeted proteins is a signal for the recognition and rapid degradation by the proteasome, a large multi-subunit protease. In this report, we demonstrate that the human estrogen receptor (ER) protein is rapidly degraded in mammalian cells in an estradiol-dependent manner. The treatment of mammalian cells with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibits activity of the proteasome and blocks ER degradation, suggesting that ER protein is turned over through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. In addition, we show that in vitro ER degradation depends on ubiquitin-activating E1 enzyme (UBA) and ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes (UBCs), and the proteasome inhibitors MG132 and lactacystin block ER protein degradation in vitro. Furthermore, the UBA/UBCs and proteasome inhibitors promote the accumulation of higher molecular weight forms of ER. The UBA and UBCs, which promote ER degradation in vitro, have no significant effect on human progesterone receptor and human thyroid hormone receptor β proteins.
Mortality Among Workers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Evidence of Radiation Effects in Follow-up Through 1984

White men hired at the Oak Ridge (Tenn) National Laboratory between 1943 and 1972 were followed up for vital status through 1984 (N = 8318, 1524 deaths). Relatively low mortality compared with that in US white men was observed for most causes of death, but leukemia mortality was elevated in the total cohort (63% higher, 28 deaths) and in workers who had at some time been monitored for internal radionuclide contamination (123% higher, 16 deaths). Median cumulative dose of external penetrating radiation was 1.4 mSv; 638 workers had cumulative doses above 50 mSv (5 rem). After accounting for age, birth cohort, a measure of socioeconomic status, and active worker status, external radiation with a 20-year exposure lag was related to all causes of death (2.68% increase per 10 mSv) primarily due to an association with cancer mortality (4.94% per 10 mSv). Studies of this population through 1977 did not find radiation-cancer mortality associations, and identical analyses using the shorter follow-up showed that associations with radiation did not appear until after 1977. The radiation-cancer dose response is 10 times higher than estimates from the follow-up of survivors of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, but similar to one previous occupational study. Dose-response estimates are subject to uncertainties due to potential problems, including measurement of radiation doses and cancer outcomes. Longer-term follow-up of this and other populations with good measurement of protracted low-level exposures will be critical to evaluating the generalizability of the results reported herein. (JAMA. 1991;265:1397-1402)
Routes to regenerating islet cells: stem cells and other biological therapies for type 1 diabetes.

: New biological therapies for type 1 diabetes are emerging from the forefront of stem cell and islet cell biology. Basic research in animal models has uncovered a variety of mechanisms by which natural regeneration of pancreatic islet cells occurs, despite the underlying autoimmune defect. Two mechanisms – in particular, β-islet cell proliferation and stem cell differentiation – can be harnessed in innovative ways in order to regenerate islets lost to disease. This review provides a background on stem cells and describes a range of potential biological therapies for type 1 diabetes, including the use of adult stem cells from the spleen, an organ not previously considered a source of pancreatic stem cells. Stem cells of the spleen have been demonstrated to home to the pancreas, where they mature into fully functional islet cells responsible for restoring normoglycemia. If the underlying autoimmune defect can be eradicated, stem cells of the spleen, as well as related strategies, can be used in order to regrow islets destroyed by type 1 diabetes.
The stages of ionization of oxygen and helium in the solar wind

In this paper we attempted to relate the relative abundance measurements of the solar wind at the earth's orbit to conditions in the solar corona. We followed the distribution of ionization stages of oxygen and helium by integrating the coupled rate equations outward from the corona to the earth's orbit. We concluded that the material observed in the solar wind at the earth's orbit must be a superposition of contributions from hotter and cooler regions of the corona.
Enrichment of SiO2 in rhyolites by fractional crystallization: An experimental study of peraluminous granitic rocks from the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri, USA

Abstract Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that higher silica rhyolites of the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri, USA are products of fractional crystallization of lower silica granitic magmas. Experiments were carried out at pressures of 0.5 and 1.0 kb under water-saturated conditions, temperatures ranged from 800° to 925°C and the oxygen fugacity for all experiments were maintained at, or near, the nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) buffer level. Results of experiments with Butler Hill granite indicate that fractionation of near liquidus silicate phases, orthopyroxene and plagioclase, causes an enrichment of SiO 2 in the residual melts. Mineralogical and chemical compositions of the experimental charges are similar to that of higher silica Grassy Mountain rhyolites of the St. Francois Mountains. Experiments also show that at pressures of 1.0 Kb or higher orthopyroxene reacts with the hydrous melt to produce biotite which is a common phase in the plutonic rocks of the St. Francois Mountains.
NHERF1 Regulates Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Membrane Retention without Affecting Recycling

Na/H exchange regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1) is a PDZ protein that regulates trafficking of several G protein-coupled receptors. The phenotype of NHERF1-null mice suggests that the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor (PTH1R) is the principal GPCR interacting with NHERF1. The effect of NHERF1 on receptor recycling is unknown. Here, we characterized NHERF1 effects on PTH1R membrane tethering and recycling by radio-ligand binding and recovery after maximal receptor endocytosis. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the PTH1R, where NHERF1 expression could be induced by tetracycline, NHERF1 inhibited PTH1R endocytosis and delayed PTH1R recycling. NHERF1 also inhibited PTH-induced receptor internalization in MC4 osteoblast cells. Reducing constitutive NHERF1 levels in HEK-293 cells with short hairpin RNA directed against NHERF1 augmented PTH1R endocytosis in response to PTH. Mutagenesis of the PDZ-binding domains or deletion of the MERM domain of NHERF1 demonstrated that both are required for inhibition of endocytosis and recycling. Likewise, an intact COOH-terminal PDZ recognition motif in PTH1R is needed. The effect of NHERF1 on receptor internalization and recycling was not associated with altered receptor expression or binding, activation, or phosphorylation but involved β-arrestin and dynamin. We conclude that NHERF1 inhibits endocytosis without affecting PTH1R recycling in MC4 and PTH1R-expressing HEK-293 cells. Such an effect may protect against PTH resistance or PTH1R down-regulation in certain cells harboring NHERF1.
Coincident collocation of displacement and tangent derivative boundary integral equations in elasticity

The regular boundary integral equations of elastostatics are combined with regularized versions of the tangent derivative equations and collocated at the same points to formulate the elasticity problem in terms of displacements, tractions and the tangential displacement gradients. Hermitian cubic polynomials are used for functional interpolation on certain elements to formulate the boundary element method in terms of displacements, tractions and their tangent derivatives. Commensurate accuracy of nodal values of these functions and the tangent derivatives is obtained and makes possible the accurate and immediate recovery of all stress components. An example problem demonstrates the accuracy and atility of the approach.
Cardioversion in patients with left ventricular thrombus is not associated with increased thromboembolic risk.

Objectives The purpose of the study was to define the incidence of systemic embolism after cardioversion in patients with left ventricular (LV) thrombus. Background The risk of systemic embolization after cardioversion in patients with an atrial thrombus is well known. However, data on thromboembolic events after cardioversion in patients with LV thrombus are limited because of hesitance to perform cardioversion in this population. Methods Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms acquired between January 1996 and October 2001 at our institution were reviewed for presence of LV thrombus in two orthogonal apical views. A total of 413 patients had echocardiographic evidence of LV thrombus. Medical records were reviewed for cardioversion performed within 3 weeks of the echocardiogram. Results A total of 21 patients, age 66 ± 10 years and ejection fraction 22 ± 10% were identified. Cardioversion was indicated for atrial fibrillation in 8 (38%) and ventricular tachyarrhythmia in 13 (62%) patients, and was performed emergently in 5 (24%), electively in 8 (38%), and during electrophysiology study in 8 (38%) patients. The time interval between diagnostic echocardiographic study and cardioversion was 6 ± 5 (range 1-18) days. All thrombi were located in the apical LV and were described as laminated (71%) and protruding (29%), and measured 0.7 ± 0.4 × 1.6 ± 0.8 cm. Before cardioversion, 17 (81%) patients were anticoagulated with warfarin or heparin. During clinical follow-up of up to 1 year (153 ± 150 days) anticoagulation with warfarin was given to 15 (71%) patients. No patient had clinically apparent embolic event, including stroke, during hospitalization or during outpatient follow-up. Conclusions Embolism after cardioversion in patients with echocardiographic evidence of LV thrombus was not observed. Cardioversion seems to be safe and further prospective studies are needed to address this.
A study of profile characterization for rock joints

This study is part of a longer-term effort to characterize the shear and normal behavior of rock joints. The profile characterization of rock joints is an important part of this effort since the topography of a joint has a major influence on its tribological behavior. Although many parameters have been proposed by various authors to characterize joint topography, they do not represent unambiguous intrinsic properties of a joint. Such parameters are usually sensitive to the approach used to estimate their values, and, for joint measurements, are dependent on the sampling interval as well as the sample size. Thus, consistent values for these parameters can be difficult to determine. This paper presents an investigation of the sensitivity of some joint profile parameters using numerically-generated profiles which allow one to investigate the characterization technique and some aspects of the sampling methodology.
On Dynamical Assembly of Nonlinear Uniaxial Atmospheric Flight Mechanics

Analytical methodology is presented to conduct dynamical assembly of simple low order nonlinear responses for system synthesis and prediction using Volterra theory. The procedure is set forth generically and then applied to several atmospheric flight examples. A two-term truncated Volterra series, which is enough to capture the quadratic and bilinear nonlinearities, is developed for first and second order generalized nonlinear single degree of freedom systems. The resultant models are given in the form of first and second kernels. A parametric study of the influence of each linear and nonlinear term on kernel structures is investigated. A step input is then employed to quantify and qualify the nonlinear response characteristics. Uniaxial surge, pitch, roll, and yaw motions are presented as examples of the low order flight dynamic systems. These examples show the ability of the proposed analytical Volterra-based models to predict, understand, and analyze the nonlinear aircraft behavior beyond that attainable by linear-based models. The proposed analytical Volterra-based model offers an efficient nonlinear preliminary design tool in qualifying the aircraft responses before computer simulation is invoked or available.
Calibration of a Jackup Structural Analysis Procedure Using Field Measurements From a North Sea Jackup

During the winter of 1988-89 a comprehensive structural measurement program was carried out on the Maersk Guardian jackup rig while it was operating at a firm, sandy location in the southern North Sea (Silver Pit). The purpose of this program was to determine how well a structural analysis procedure models the actual behaviour of a jackup. In recent years, industry attention has been focused on the finding that differences in analysis procedures can lead to widely varying assessments of a rig's structural suitability for a given location. The results of this measurement program provide insight to help resolve these differences. The paper focuses on how the measurements were applied to two stages of an analysis procedure: 1) to calibrate a jackup structural model and 2) to validate a procedure for calculating "static" wave load and dynamic response.
The value of volatile resources in electricity markets

While renewable resources most certainly provide environmental benefits, and also help to meet aggressive renewable energy targets, their deployment has pronounced impacts on system operations. There is an acute need to understand these impacts in order to fully harness the benefits of renewable resource integration. In this paper we focus on the integration of wind energy resources in a multi-settlement electricity market structure. We study the dynamic competitive equilibrium for a stochastic market model, and obtain closed form expressions for the supplier and consumer surpluses. Numerical results based on these formulae show that the value of wind generation to consumers, under the current operational practices, falls dramatically with volatility. In fact, we can establish thresholds for the coefficient of variation beyond which the value of wind is questionable. These findings emphasize the need to investigate operational schemes that address volatility.
Achieving a Confidence Interval for Parameters Estimated by Simulation

This paper presents a procedure for determining the number of simulation observations required to achieve a preassigned confidence interval for means estimated by simulation. This procedure, which is simple to implement and efficient to use, is compared with two other methods for determining the required sample size in a simulation run. The empirical results show that this procedure gives good results in the precision of estimated means and in sample size requirement.
A Regenerable Filter for Liquid Argon Purification

A filter system for removing electronegative impurities from liquid argon is described. The active components of the filter are adsorbing molecular sieve and activated-copper-coated alumina granules. The system is capable of purifying liquid argon to an oxygen-equivalent impurity concentration of better than 30 parts per trillion, corresponding to an electron drift lifetime of at least 10 ms. Reduction reactions that occur at �250 ◦ C allow the filter material to be regenerated in-situ through a simple procedure. In the following work we describe the filter design, performance, and regeneration process.
The Value Adults Place on Child Health and Functional Status

Abstract Objectives To summarize the value adults place on child health and functional status and provide a new quantitative tool that enhances our understanding of the benefits of new health technologies and illustrates the potential contributions of existing data sets for comparative effectiveness research in pediatrics. Methods Respondents, ages 18 years and older, were recruited from a nationally representative panel between August 2012 and February 2013 to complete an online survey. The survey included a series of paired comparisons that asked respondents to choose between child health and functional status outcomes, which were described using the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, a 14-item descriptive system of child health outcomes. Using respondent choices regarding an unnamed 7- or 10-year-old child, generalized linear model analyses estimated the value of child health and functional status on a quality-adjusted life-year scale. Results Across the domains of health and functional status, repeated or chronic physical pain, feeling anxious or depressed, and behavioral problems (such as acting out, fighting, bullying, or arguing) were most valuable, as indicated by adult respondents' preference of other health problems to avoid outcomes along these domains. Discussion These findings may inform comparative effectiveness research, health technology assessments, clinical practice guidelines, and public resource allocation decisions by enhancing understanding of the value adults place on the health and functional status of children. Conclusions Improved measurement of public priorities can promote national child health by drawing attention to what adults value most and complementing conventional measures of public health surveillance.
Rapid, non-destructive carbon analysis of forest soils using neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy

Abstract Forest soils are pivotal to understanding global carbon (C) cycling and evaluating policies for mitigating global change. However, they are very difficult to monitor because of the heterogeneity of soil characteristics, the difficulty of representative sampling, and the slow time scale of response to environmental change. Here we demonstrate that use of gamma-ray spectroscopy facilitates in situ non-destructive analysis of C and other elements in forest soils. In this approach the element-specific gamma-rays are induced by fast and thermal neutrons interacting with the nuclei of the elements present in the soil. Background gamma-rays emanating from naturally occurring radionuclides in the forest are recorded as well. We applied this approach in a mature northern hardwood forest on glacial till soils at the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. The inelastic neutron scattering (INS) system yielded strong signals in gamma-ray counts/h, from C and other elements present in the soil matrix that included silicon, oxygen, hydrogen, iron, aluminum, manganese and potassium. The INS sensitivity for carbon was 20.656 counts h−1 kg−1 C m−2 based on current net C gamma-ray counts and the data for the O horizon and mineral soil to a depth of 30 cm obtained from a nearby quantitative soil pit (7.35 kg C m−2). We estimate the minimum detectable change to be ∼0.34 kg C m−2, which is ∼5% of the current soil C content, and the minimum detectable limit to be ∼0.23 kg C m−2. Eight % reproducibility from 11 measurements was limited, in part, by the large variability in the system counting geometry due to the uneven forest microtopography. The INS approach has the potential to revolutionize belowground monitoring of C and other elements, because the possibility of detecting a 5% change in forest soils has not been possible with destructive sampling methods.
An innovative course on real-time digital signal processing applications

This paper presents an innovative undergraduate real-time digital signal processing (DSP) course, Digital Signal Processors, which emphases hands-on experiments and practical applications. It enables students to experiment with sophisticated DSP applications to augment the theoretical, conceptual and analytical material provided in their first DSP course, Digital Filter Design. The inclusion of both software and hardware developmental experiences permits undergraduates to undertake a wide range of real-time DSP projects in their required Senior Engineering Design course. This paper briefly introduces representative examples of some challenging DSP applications such as acoustic echo cancellation, active noise control and image compression.
Middle Grade Students' Interpretations of Contour Maps

This study examined eighth graders' approach to three tasks implemented to assist students with learning to interpret contour maps. Students' approach to and interpretation of these three tasks were analyzed qualitatively. When students were rank ordered according to their scores on a standardized test of spatial ability, the Minnesota Paper Form Board Task (Likert & Quasha, 1948), evidence emerged that spatial ability was related to how students interpreted the tasks. Students with the relatively lowest spatial ability scores had difficulty picking out the relevant features of the representations used for instruction and despite scaffolding attempts by peers remained unclear about their interpretation. Students with relatively higher spatial ability were able to pick out salient features of the representations used for instruction which resulted in their learning to read and interpret contour maps.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy with marked elevation of transaminases in a black American

A case of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in a black American is presented. This is the first case reported in a black. Marked elevation of transaminases with mild biochemical evidence of cholestasis was initially suggestive of viral hepatitis. A clinical course characterized by pruritis with minimal constitutional symptoms, rapid resolution of biochemical abnormalities after delivery, and negative hepatitis A and B serologies was consistent with the diagnosis of ICP. Review of the classic features of ICP with emphasis on some unusual aspects of the disorder is included.
Electrophysiology testing and the National Cardiovascular Data Registry: stimulating, yet inconclusive.

In this issue of PACE, Cheng et al. do an impressive job in evaluating clinical variables associated with electrophysiology studies (EPS) performed within 1 month before implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement in 33,786 individuals entered into the National Cardiovascular Data Registry for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (NCDR®-ICD) over a 3-year period. Although of great interest, most of the conclusions are by necessity based on conjecture drawn from observations alone, since the inherent, point-in-time structure of the Registry limits the ability to assess accurate longitudinal clinical correlations and outcomes. The fact is, we really do not know why these patients underwent EPS or how the data from these tests were used. In addition to stimulating speculation on the role of EPS in ICD recipients, the present report should promote caution regarding what conclusions can and should be drawn from the NCDR®-ICD in its present format. As constructed, the Registry provides demographic data and clinical elements up to only a fixed point in time. Hence, the ability to draw conclusions is limited by the abundance of disconnected variables and snapshot quality of data in the NCDR. (PACE 2012; 35:909–911)
Characteristics of resource allocation using pricing

We consider pricing of network resources in a reservation-based QoS architecture. The pricing policy implements a distributed resource allocation to provide guaranteed bounds on packet loss and end-to end delay for real-time applications. Distributed pricing roles are assigned to each user, each network node, and an arbitrager in between the user and the network. We explore the characteristics of the optimal resource allocation by comparing it with a simpler method based on traffic characteristics alone. We show that pricing based optimal resource allocation can provide higher network utilization by allocating more network resources to classes that are more sensitive to additional network resources. We give sufficient conditions to establish that an increase in the price for a resource results in a decreased demand for that resource, an increased demand for the other resource at that node, and an increased demand for resources at all other hops. Finally, we provide two dynamic pricing policies using simple proportional step and gradient feedback laws. We analyze the performance of these two approaches, and show that the gradient algorithm converges more quickly and displays only a few small fluctuations.
Nonlinear Aeroelastic Simulation of X-HALE: a Very Flexible UAV

A very flexible unmanned aerial vehicle has been designed and manufactured at the University of Michigan. The vehicle is named X-HALE, whose flight tests are expected to provide important data of its geometrically nonlinear aeroelastic behavior coupled with the six rigid-body degrees of freedom. As the target of the aeroelastic design, the X-HALE vehicle will present unstable aeroelastic/flight dynamic behavior when subjected to finite disturbances. To design such behavior in the aircraft, nonlinear aeroelastic simulations of XHALE were performed using the University of Michigan’s Nonlinear Aeroelastic Simulation Toolbox (UM/NAST), which provides an estimation of the vehicle’s flight characteristics. The simulation cases include the achievement of the target aeroelastic/flight dynamic instability and the arrestment of the unstable motion without using a dedicated closed-loop control scheme.
THE ROLE OF MUSCLE MASS AND TOOTH NUMBER IN ECOLOGICAL CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT BETWEEN PLETHODON CINEREUS AND P. HOFFMANI (CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE)

Evidence for ecological character displacement must include correlation between the morphological character in question and the function of that character in the organisms' environment. Examination of the cranial skeletons and jaw components of sympatric populations of Plethodon cinereus and Plethodon hoffmani correlate well with the sympatric shift in diet in these two species relative to their respective allopatric populations. This hypothesized relationship between cranial features and diet is consistent with ecological character displacement. A biomechanical model predicts a stronger, slower jaw in sympatric P. cinereus and a faster, weaker jaw in P. hoffmani relative to their respective allopatric populations. Inherent in this model is the assumption that no differences in the jaw muscles exist. Here we test this assumption using data on jaw muscle mass and tooth number in sympatric and allopatric populations of P. cinereus and P. hoffmani. Our findings indicate significant differences between specie...
Modeling and simulation of steady state and transient behaviors for emergent SoCs

We introduce a formal basis for viewing computer systems as mixed steady state and non-steady state (transient) behaviors to motivate novel design strategies resulting from simultaneous consideration of function, scheduling and architecture. We relate three design styles: hierarchical decomposition, static mapping and directed platform that have traditionally been separated. By considering them together, we argue that once a steady state system is mapped onto an architecture, the unused processing and communication power may be viewed as a platform for a transient system, ultimately resulting in more effective design approaches that ease the static mapping problem while still allowing for effective utilization of resources. Our simulation environment, frequency interleaving, mixes a formal and experimental approach as illustrated in an example.
An in-depth look at modern database systems

This tutorial is targeted at a broad set of database systems and applications people. It is intended to let the attendees better appreciate what is really behind the covers of many of the modern database systems (e.g., NoSQL and NewSQL systems) going beyond the hype associated with these open source, commercial and research systems. The capabilities and limitations of such systems will be addressed. Modern extensions to decades old relational DBMSs will also be described. Some application case studies will also be presented.
The newt Gingrich book deal controversy: Self‐defense rhetoric

This essay critically analyzes Speaker Newt Gingrich s self defense discourse following the multi‐million dollar book deal controversy. Gingrich used five major rhetorical strategies to deal with allegations surrounding the book deal with Harper‐Collins: denial, good intentions, bolstering, attacking accusers, and corrective action. The evaluation shows that Gingrich failed to deal adequately with allegations, employed inconsistent arguments, and developed strategies poorly. This unfavorable assessment is shown to be consistent with the existence of continued attacks and public opinion data. Finally, several implications of this analysis are discussed.
The effects of pressure on epiphyseal growth; the mechanism of plasticity of growing bone.

1. When a growing epiphysis is subjected to a stress, the rate or direction of the growth of that epiphysis or both are modified so as to yield to that stress. 2. Pressures applied in directions parallel to the direction of epiphyseal growth inhibit the rate of such growth. While considerable pressures are necessary to stop cartilaginous growth completely, slight or even intermittent pressures can slow or hinder it. The gravitational pressures of normal weight-bearing seem to slow cartilaginous growth in vertical weight-bearing bones; escape from normal weight-bearing stresses results in overgrowth. 3. Pressures applied in directions perpendicular to the direction of epiphyseal growth deflect the direction of such growth, resulting in lateral or spiral (torsional) displacement of the newly laid-down bone. 4. The ease with which angular or torsional deformities may be produced in a growing bone varies inversely with its diameter. The narrower the bone, the greater its "plasticity".
The Negative Effects of Personalization on Response Patterns in Mail Surveys

Efforts to minimize the severity of these problems have resulted in methodological inquiries covering a wide range of variables. Most studies have tested the effectiveness of certain variables in minimizing the nonresponse problem [1, 5, 6, 7, 8]. A fewer number have extended the analysis to test the effectiveness of similar variables in minimizing item omission and response slowness [2, 4]. Even less attention has centered on whether two or more simultaneously applied variables significantly interact in their effects on any of the above problems.
Flight Test Protocol for Electric Powered Small Unmanned Aerial Systems

Flight testing procedures for a small scale Unmanned Aerial System are presented. The major performance parameters estimated include the zero-lift drag coefficient, span efficiency factor, lift-to-drag ratios, and excess power across a range of airspeeds. A ground based experimental method for measuring the thrust and power performance of a commercially available electric motor system is detailed. These parameters are compared to the first order design estimates in order to close the design loop. A detailed discussion of the onboard data acquisition and sensor suite is provided. Unique features found in the resulting flight test data were used to further correct sensors errors in the inertial navigation system, improving attitude estimation performance by an order of magnitude. Flight test results for a small scale aircraft are presented detailing the power available, power required, lift-todrag ratio, and rate of climb.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was discovered 36 years ago by electron microscopy of cells cultured from Burkitt's lymphoma tissue by Epstein, Achong, and Barr.1 Four years later, in 1968, EBV was shown to be the etiologic agent of heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis.2 EBV DNA was detected in tissues from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in 1970.3 In the 1980s, EBV was found to be associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and oral hairy leukoplakia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).4,5 Since then, EBV DNA has been found in tissues from other cancers, including T-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease.6,7 EBV is . . .
Separation and Quantitative Analysis of Ferulates in Rice Bran Oil by Thin-Layer Chromatography

The methods of separation of ferulates by TLC and reversed-phase TLC and quantitative estimation of ferulates using both TLC and ultraviolet spectroscopy were investigated.The separation of ferulates from the mixture of ferulates and rice bran oil were investigated by TLC. The ferulates from the samples gave a single spot that was not found to each of the ferulates by the TLC method. However, a separation of β-sitosteryl ferulate, stigmasteryl ferulate and 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate was accomplished by reversed-phase TLC in the system, liquid paraffin/methanol-acetonitrile (2 : 1), thus enabling the analysis of mixtures of ferulates in rice bran oils. Also, in this way β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and 24-methylenecycloartanol were clearly separated.The double-development procedure, employing hexane-diethyl ether (9 : 1) firstly and then benzene-diethyl ether (4 : 1), was most suitable for the separation of ferulates from other components in rice bran oil. The separated ferulates in the chromatogram were extracted with ethanol. The optical density of the ethanol solution at 327 mμ was determined and the ferulate content was calculated. Since materials interfering with the ultraviolet spectroscopic analysis were eliminated by TLC, the results obtained by the method mentioned above are more accurate as compared with those determined directly by ultraviolet spectroscopic method.
Space Geographic Data Visualization with VML

This paper analyses separately the characteristics of VML (vector markup language)and MIF/MID data exchange file of MapInfo.Based on that,it describes in detail the process of the format transformation from MIF/MIF file to VML,and the realization of IE display and browsing of MapInfo graphic data.So it validated the possibility of the visualization of geographic spatial data based on VML. 
Assessment of Myocardial Angiogenesis and Vascularity in Small Animal Models

Therapies that aim to prevent myocardial tissue from dying or to regenerate new myocardium all rely on the preservation or growth of a functional vasculature. The amount of blood that supplies the myocardium is dependent on the number and nature of the microvessels, as well as the ability of the arteries to supply blood and the veins to remove it. All of these factors can be assessed when success of an experimental therapy is being evaluated. Different kinds of information can be obtained from these different parameters, and it is important to understand what each one involves and how it can be misinterpreted. This chapter describes the various approaches to the assessment of vascularity in the heart with a focus on small animal models, dealing both with those approaches that are purely histological endpoint studies and those that are functional measurements in living animals.
The Influence of Community Areas, Neighborhood Clusters, and Street Segments on the Spatial Variability of Violent Crime in Chicago

The influence of three hierarchical units of analysis on the total spatial variability of violent crime incidents in Chicago is assessed. This analysis seeks to replicate a recent study that found street segments, rather than neighborhood units of analysis, accounted for the largest share of the total spatial variability of crime in The Hague, Netherlands (see Steenbeek and Weisburd J Quant Criminol. doi: 10.1007/s10940-015-9276-3 , 2015). We analyze violent crime incidents reported to the police between 2001 and 2014. 359,786 incidents were geocoded to 41,926 street segments nested within 342 neighborhood clusters, in turn nested within 76 community areas in Chicago. Linear mixed models with random slopes of time were estimated to observe the variance uniquely attributed to each unit of analysis. Similar to Steenbeek and Weisburd, we find 56–65 % of the total variability in violent crime incidents can be attributed to street segments in Chicago. City-wide reductions in violence over the observation period coincide with increases in the spatial variability attributed to street segments and decreases in the variability attributed to both neighborhood units. Our results suggest that scholars interested in understanding the spatial variation of crime across urban landscapes should be focused on the small places that comprise larger geographic areas. The next wave of “neighborhood-effects” research should explore the role of hierarchical processes in understanding crime variation within larger areas.
Hyperphosphatemia in Hemodialysis Patients: Can an Educational Intervention Make a Difference?

Adherence to the treatment regimen, including proper phosphate binder use and the monitoring of dietary phosphorus intake, is crucial to optimal health outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Hyperphosphatemia remains a significant health problem in hemodialysis patients since excessive serum phosphate is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in this patient population. Hyperphosphatemia can occur due to lack of knowledge. The purpose of this program is to determine the effect of an educational intervention on phosphorus knowledge in hemodialysis patients. Participants consisted of a convenience sample of 12 hemodialysis patients. The teaching intervention utilized a pre and posttest design. The difference in pre and posttest scores was analyzed to determine the effect of the educational intervention on patients’ knowledge of phosphorus. Post test scores revealed a statistically significant increase in phosphorus knowledge in participants (Z value = -2.97; p ˂ .05). Responses to the openended qualitative question revealed that friends and family members were important support team members that enabled participants to adhere to their dietary phosphorus regimen. Implications for further studies include the expansion of educational interventions to include friends and family members and the inclusion of individuals from various ethnic and racial backgrounds. Nurses are strategically situated in hemodialysis units to provide patient education. Advanced practice registered nurses can provide leadership to other nurses on the use of evidenced-based educational interventions that positively impact patient outcomes.
Statistical analysis of compliance violations for natural gas wells in Pennsylvania

Regulatory inspection and violation reports provide insight into the impact of natural gas extraction on the surrounding environment, human health, and public safety. Inspection reports for natural gas wells in Pennsylvania were collected from the Pennsylvania DEP Compliance Report from 2000 to 2014. Analysis of 215,444 inspection records for 70,043 conventional and unconventional wells was conducted in order to compare the odds of violations occurring under different circumstances. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the probability of violations occurring for both conventional and unconventional wells. When inspected, conventional wells had 40% higher odds of having a violation. However, unconventional wells had higher odds for environmental violations related to waste discharge as well as cementing and casing failures. Large operators had 40% lower odds of having any violation than smaller operators. While larger operators had fewer violations, a few of the largest companies had rates of violation much higher than the average for all operators, with some reaching violation rates as high as 1 in 4 active wells. A well also has a higher chance of being in violation if it is in the first year (85%) or second year (109%) since its spud date.
Increased Clearance Explains the Ultra-Large Multimers in Von Willebrand Disease Type 2M Vicenza; Lessons from Recombinant VWF Vicenza and Modeling of Multimer Catabolism.

The pathogenesis of VWD Vicenza has remained elusive. VWD Vicenza is characterized by low plasma but normal platelet VWF concentration, the presence of ultra-large plasma multimers, and a heterozygous R1205H mutation. VWF Vicenza is reported to have a decreased half-life in the circulation. When we expressed rVWF Vicenza R1205H in 293T cells, it was secreted with wild type efficiency and multimer distribution, suggesting that the primary defect is accelerated clearance. To evaluate this hypothesis, we developed a pharmacokinetic model of VWF multimer catabolism. The initial assumptions are: 1. Secretion occurs at a fixed rate with the initial “ultra-large” multimer distribution seen in platelet alpha granules. 2. Cleavage of multimers occurs with a probability p that increases with increasing multimer size. 3. Clearance occurs with a time constant determined by the plasma half life and is independent of multimer size. Modeled multimer distributions were compared to those determined experimentally for patient plasma samples. The effects of DDAVP infusion also were modeled and compared to published data (Casonato et al, Blood2002; 99:180). For p = 7.5 x 10 −4 min −1 and a half life of 12 h, the modeled multimer patterns were comparable to the observed steady-state distribution of normal VWF. Decreasing the half life to 2 hours produces a low plasma concentration of “ultra-large” multimers typical of VWD Vicenza without a change in any other parameter. Conversely, increasing the probability of cleavage by only thirty percent produces typical VWD 2A multimer distributions. The model also reproduces the triplet patterns of normal and type 2A VWF. Finally, the DDAVP simulations reproduced the time course of VWF plasma concentrations and multimer distributions of DDAVP-treated patients. We conclude that increased clearance alone can explain the ultra-large multimer distribution of VWD Vicenza. Similar modeling should allow the estimation of VWF cleavage and clearance rates in other variants of VWD and in other clinical situations including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.