cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New, Commercially Valuable Chanterelle Species, Cantharellus californicus sp. nov., Associated with Live Oak in California, USA

A New, Commercially Valuable Chanterelle Species, Cantharellus californicus sp. nov., Associated with Live Oak in California, USA. The prominent golden chanterelle of California’s oak woodlands is characterized as a new species, Cantharellus californicus sp. nov., using molecular and morphological data. Our observations indicate that it is the largest Cantharellus species in the world, with individual sporocraps commonly weighing 1/2 kilogram (kg) (or 1 pound) or more when mature. Other Cantharellus species in California are compared and evaluated, including their known ectomycorrhizal hosts. The California oak chanterelle is an economically valuable species, and some observations on its commercial harvest are presented.
Capacity Estimation in Support of Mesoscopic Simulation as Part of Dynamic Traffic Assignment Models

Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) is increasingly being considered to model advanced strategies. Capacity is a crucial parameter in the calibration of traffic flow models utilized as part of DTA modeling. The Highway Capacity Manual has been used as the authoritative source for defining and estimating capacity in the United States. With increased traffic detector data availability in recent years, it is now feasible to locally measure capacity at bottleneck spots with different methods. This study investigates the benefits and necessity of implementing DTA in the analysis of advanced strategies, such as managed lanes, and the importance of the calibration of the associated traffic model parameters. In this regard, the importance of coding capacity based on detector measurements in DTA tools is illustrated, particularly when there is evidence that the modeled corridor capacity is lower than estimates based on the Highway Capacity Manual. The shortcomings of utilizing the traffic flow model of static assignm...
Efficient 18 Å/s Solar Cells with All Silicon Layers Deposited by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition

Efficient hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) n-i-p solar cells have been fabricated with all doped and undoped a-Si:H layers deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). The total deposition time of all layers, except the top ITO-contact, is less than 4 minutes. On an untextured stainless steel (SS) substrate, an initial efficiency of 7.12% is reached, with a stable efficiency of 5.4% after 1000 hours 1 sun light soaking. This initial efficiency is reached by incorporating into the p/i interface about 60 A of intrinsic a-Si:H “edge” material grown under conditions near the transition to microcrystallinity. This edge layer increases the cell’s fill factor from 0.60 to 0.68 and the best open-circuit voltage is about 0.88 V. Using textured Ag/ZnOcoated SS supplied by United Solar Corporation, preliminary results of an all-HWCVD solar cell give an initial efficiency of 8.7 %.
Stimuli generation with late binding of values

Generating test-cases that reach corner cases in the design is one of the main challenges in the functional verification of complex designs. In this paper, we describe a new technique that increases the ability of test generators by delaying assignment of values in the generated stimuli, until these values are used in the design. This late-binding allows the generator to have a more accurate view of the state of the design, and thus it can better choose the correct values. Experimental results show that late-binding can significantly improve coverage, with a reasonable penalty in simulation time.
Relationship of menopausal status and climacteric symptoms to sleep in women undergoing chemotherapy.

Goals of work The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, and mood as measured by actigraphy and self-report prior to treatment and at the end of four cycles of chemotherapy in women with breast cancer.
Estimating forest canopy fuel parameters using LIDAR data.

Fire researchers and resource managers are dependent upon accurate, spatially-explicit forest structure information to support the application of forest fire behavior models. In particular, reliable estimates of several critical forest canopy structure metrics, including canopy bulk density, canopy height, canopy fuel weight, and canopy base height, are required to accurately map the spatial distribution of canopy fuels and model fire behavior over the landscape. The use of airborne laser scanning (LIDAR), a high-resolution active remote sensing technology, provides for accurate and efficient measurement of three-dimensional forest structure over extensive areas. In this study, regression analysis was used to develop predictive models relating a variety of LIDAR-based metrics to the canopy fuel parameters estimated from inventory data collected at plots established within stands of varying condition within Capitol State Forest, in western Washington State. Strong relationships between LIDAR-derived metrics and field-based fuel estimates were found for all parameters [sqrt(crown fuel weight): R 2 =0.86; ln(crown bulk density): R 2 =0.84; canopy base height: R 2 =0.77; canopy height: R 2 =0.98]. A cross-validation procedure was used to
Grammatical Relations in Acehnese

Les problemes poses par la recherche de criteres syntaxiques permettant de definir la relation sujet en aceh
The Sampling Theory of Fibroplastic Arteriosclerosis

The microscopic study of tissue sections requires sampling of whole arteries. The lateral walls of human thoracic aorta provide the necessary random replicate samples to support the appropriate use of sampling theory.
Postshelter Adjustment of Children From Violent Families

Few studies have examined the adjustment of battered women and their children after exiting domestic violence shelters. Participants were 62 women who had endured severe partner abuse, completed a shelter program with their children, and resided in the community for at least 6 months. Field interviews concerned mothers' and children's abuse histories and included measures of maternal depression, maternal trauma, and child behavior problems. Nearly all women had lived violence free since shelter exit. Child internalizing behaviors were associated with direct abuse, maternal depression, and shelter program. Externalizing behaviors were related to maternal depression and shelter program. Neither severity of interparental violence nor maternal trauma symptoms was related to child behavior problems. Mothers' family of-origin abuse predicted current satisfaction with child functioning, beyond the effects of maternal depression and child behavioral problems. Findings suggest a need for postshelter therapeutic se...
A correlation of allergic contact dermatitis with allergen type and patient categorical variables.

Allergic contact dermatitis is a very treatable disease once it is diagnosed. In this study, statistical analysis was done on 105 patients with allergic contact dermatitis and the data were correlated with allergen type and patient categorical variables. Once allergens were identified, patients were advised to practice avoidance of the identified allergens. Significant differences in gender and past history of allergy were noted. Improvement after avoidance of identified allergens was also tracked, and a significant negative correlation was observed between number of allergens and improvement of patients’ conditions. Although not reaching a statistical level of significance, some interesting trends were found regarding age versus severity and age versus improvement, which should be explored in future studies. In addition, a larger study population would ensure the collection of more statistically significant data for future research.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Tetrathioethylenes in Nonaqueous Solvents

The chemistry of tetrathioethylenes (TTEs) is dominated by their electron donor properties and reversible step-wise oxidation to radical cations and dications (Equation 1).
Elucidating the field influence on the energetics of the methane steam reforming reaction: A density functional theory study

Abstract To help realize lower operating-temperatures for the highly endothermic Ni-catalytic methane steam reforming (MSR) process, we focused on elucidating the influence of an applied electric field on the energetics of the said reaction. Two aspects were considered in this study: the electric field effects on (i) the adsorption and electronic properties of the MSR-involved species, and (ii) the overall MSR energy profile. Our results show that for Ni-based MSR processes, a positive field strengthens the adsorption of the reactants, promotes product desorption, impedes coke formation, lowers the overall energy profiles and consequently, reduces the temperature requirements for the overall MSR-on-Ni reaction. Based on our phase diagram obtained from first principles, we show that CO can be obtained from the dehydrogenation of COH and CHO at moderate hydrogen partial pressure values with a negative field, while methanol is formed on the surface via hydroxyl oxidation of CH 3 at high hydrogen partial pressures and positive field values. This investigation suggests ways to facilitate the MSR reforming reaction in the presence of an electric field and also points toward a number of elementary reactions that need to be considered for establishing microkinetic model studies.
A New Method for Analysing Government Investments in Education

As explained in Chapter 1, the standard human capital model pioneered by Becker and Mincer assumes that skills obtained through formal education increase an individual’s productivity in the workplace. The model itself usually measures human capital in terms of years of school attendance, as opposed to explicitly measuring the skills acquired during those years. Yet adding skill acquisition to the model results in an ‘expanded’ model that is well suited for analysing the returns1 to government investments aimed at maintaining and improving school quality. This chapter expands the standard human capital model along these lines and develops a rigorous methodology for evaluating the returns to such investments.
The Mitochondria-Regulated Immune Pathway Activated in the C. elegans Intestine Is Neuroprotective

Immunological mediators that originate outside the nervous system can affect neuronal health. However, their roles in neurodegeneration remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the p38MAPK-mediated immune pathway activated in intestinal cells of Caenorhabditis elegans upon mitochondrial dysfunction protects neurons in a cell-non-autonomous fashion. Specifically, mitochondrial complex I dysfunction induced by rotenone activates the p38MAPK/CREB/ATF-7-dependent innate immune response pathway in intestinal cells of C. elegans. Activation of p38MAPK in the gut is neuroprotective. Enhancing the p38MAPK-mediated immune pathway in intestinal cells alone suppresses rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuron loss, while downregulating it in the intestine exacerbates neurodegeneration. The p38MAPK/ATF-7 immune pathway modulates autophagy and requires autophagy and the PTEN-induced putative kinase PINK-1 for conferring neuroprotection. Thus, mitochondrial damage induces the clearance of mitochondria by the immune pathway, protecting the organism from the toxic effects of mitochondrial dysfunction. We propose that mitochondria are subject to constant surveillance by innate immune mechanisms.
Too Important to Quit: A Call for Teacher Support of Art

AbstractThe author argues that general education teacher candidates must learn to “­re-start” art to empower them with the skills needed to realize art’s promise within their future classrooms. Entry/exit surveys completed by candidates ­revealed that an art methods course corrected misconceptions about the nature of creativity and improved candidates’ confidence in their artistic skills.
Surface Defect Passivation and Reaction of c-Si in H2S

A unique passivation process of Si surface dangling bonds through reaction with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is demonstrated in this paper. A high-level passivation quality with an effective minority carrier lifetime (τeff) of >2000 μs corresponding to a surface recombination velocity of <3 cm/s is achieved at a temperature range of 550-650 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the bonding states of Si and S and provides insights into the reaction pathway of Si with H2S and other impurity elements both during and after the reaction. Quantitative analysis of XPS spectra showed that the τeff increases with an increase in the surface S content up to ∼3.5% and stabilizes thereafter, indicative of surface passivation by monolayer coverage of S on the Si surface. However, S passivation of the Si surface is highly unstable because of thermodynamically favorable reaction with atmospheric H2O and O2. This instability can be eliminated by capping the S-passivated Si surface with a protective thin film such as low-temperature-deposited amorphous silicon nitride.
Echocardiographic Estimates of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.

BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction independently predicts outcomes in human myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). There is limited information regarding RV systolic function in dogs with MMVD. HYPOTHESIS: Right ventricular systolic function differs among stages of disease, decreasing in decompensated MMVD. ANIMALS: Thirty‐sixclient‐owned dogs with MMVD not receiving oral cardiovascular medications. METHODS: Prospective clinical study. Dogs were categorized according to disease severity as ACVIM Stage B1, B2, or C. Seven echocardiographic indices of RV systolic function were measured. Groups were compared by 1‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Frequencies of cases with cardiac remodeling falling outside previously established reference intervals were compared using Fisher's exact test. Intra‐ and interobserver measurement variability was calculated for each RV function index. RESULTS: The indices TAPSE (P = 0.029), RV StL (P = 0.012), and RV StRL (P = 0.041) were significantly different between groups. A greater proportion of B2 dogs (7 of 12) had TAPSE values above reference intervals compared with B1 (2 of 12) or C (2 of 12) dogs (P = 0.027). Measurement variability of TAPSE, RV S', and RV StG was clinically acceptable. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Right ventricular systolic function differs between stages of MMVD, increasing in stage B2, and declining in stage C. The prognostic importance of RV function indices, particularly TAPSE, might be worth evaluating in dogs with MMVD.
The Impact of Natural Disasters on Domestic Violence: An Analysis of Reports of Simple Assault in Florida (1999–2007)

Abstract Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity worldwide. Associations between individual-level vulnerability to natural disasters and social stratification have been widely de...
Lung Cells Grown on Cellulose Membrane Filters as an In Vitro Model of the Respiratory Epithelium

Airborne agents enter the body for the most part by first contacting some part of the respiratory epithelium. Particulates and gases may cross the epithelium by solution in the cell membranes or pinocytosis. Insoluble particles may be engulfed and removed by macrophages and mucociliary clearance mechanisms, but macrophages engorged with particulate materials may remain in the lung for prolonged times and serve as a source for continued exposure of other cells to potential toxins.
Ion Implantation in Wide Bandgap Semiconductors

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the status of ion implantation doping and isolation in group-III Nitride, SiC, and diamond semiconductors. Ion implantation is a process, whereby doping or compensating impurities are injected into a semiconductor by a high energy accelerator. Implantation has come to be the dominant doping technology in Si and GaAs microelectronics, although there has been significant technological development required to achieve this success. The material and process technologies related to ion implantation in wide bandgap semiconductors are discussed in the chapter. For damage compensation, the resistance typically goes through a maximum with increasing post-implantation annealing temperature as the damage is annealed out and hopping conduction is reduced. At higher temperatures, the defect density is further reduced below that required to compensate the material, and the resistivity decreases. For chemical compensation, the post-implantation resistance again increases with annealing temperature, showing a reduction in hopping conduction; but it then stabilizes at higher temperatures as a thermally stable compensating deep level is formed.
Cerumen removal--current challenges.

Each week in the United States, approximately 150,000 cerumen removals take place. Otologic complications include pain, perforated tympanum, dizziness, bleeding and infection. The prevention and ma...
Morphing Continuum Simulation of Transonic Flow over Axisymmetric Hill

Finite volume simulations of turbulent boundary layer flow over an axisymmetric hill are performed for ReH=6500 using morphing continuum theory and compared with direct numerical simulation data from Castagna et al. (“Direct Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Flow over an Axisymmetric Hill,” Computers and Fluids Journal, Vol. 95, May 2014, pp. 116–126.) and experimental data obtained by Simpson. The inlet profile is specified by inputting values from the profile specified by Castagna et al. Root-mean-square velocity fluctuations are input using the new variable of gyration from morphing continuum theory. Additional terms introduced by morphing continuum theory lead to a new formulation of the Q criterion, which allows for the visualization of three-dimensional turbulent structures including hairpin vortices. Streamline plots of the separation bubble show a more confined bubble than Castagna et. al. but agree well on the separation and reconnection points. The surface pressure coefficient matches Simpson ...
Improvements in the scanning long-wave optical test system

The Scanning Long-wave Optical Test System (SLOTS) is a slope measuring deflectometry system that provides accurate measurements on ground surfaces. As it uses a thermal source, we can measure an optic during the grinding phase which allows us to correct figure errors when material removal is much faster. We have made improvements in SLOTS, such as the step-and-stare method, the ceramic rod, and the Gaussian fitting processing software, so that this system supports higher accuracy and resolution. As a result, SLOTS is an optical testing system that covers a huge portion of the fabrication process from the grinding to the figuring. It is a complementary solution for other metrology systems such as the laser tracker, SCOTS, and null interferometry. SLOTS can reduce the manufacturing time by producing ground aspheres that have low errors of the surface figure when polishing begins.
Validating the Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 in the Preschool Environment.

In the Response to Intervention framework, a psychometrically sound screening tool is essential for identification of children with emotional and behavioral risk. The purpose of this study was to e...
Distributed Source Seeking and Robust Obstacle Avoidance Through Hybrid Gradient Descent

This paper presents a method of source seeking for multi-agent unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems in an environment with unknown obstacles. A distributed algorithm relies on localized measurements and neighbor-to-neighbor interactions to enable the group of UAVs to navigate to the location of the source. Each agent takes a scalar measurement of a signal emanating from the source, and the direction of motion is determined by estimating the gradient of the signal. The direction vector to the source is agreed upon by the agents in a coordinated manner to ensure aggregate motion toward the source of interest. Additionally, the agents avoid obstacles that are located between their initial position and the source without a priori knowledge of the number or positions of the obstacles. To ensure robust obstacle avoidance, a hybrid control method is used. The agents maintain a specified formation to improve observability during the gradient estimation process. Theoretical results for the algorithm are presented through simulation of the proposed source seeking method for a group of UAVs with single-integrator dynamics.
Gestational Exposure to Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S Leads to Fetal Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy Independent of Sex

Gestational exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) can lead to offspring insulin resistance. However, despite the role that the skeletal muscle plays in glucose homeostasis, it remains unknown whether gestational exposure to BPA, or its analog bisphenol S (BPS), impairs skeletal muscle development. We hypothesized that gestational exposure to BPA or BPS will impair fetal muscle development and lead to muscle-specific insulin resistance. To test this, pregnant sheep (n = 7-8/group) were exposed to BPA or BPS from gestational day (GD) 30 to 100. At GD120, fetal skeletal muscle was harvested to evaluate fiber size, fiber type, and gene and protein expression related to myogenesis, fiber size, fiber type, and inflammation. Fetal primary myoblasts were isolated to evaluate proliferation and differentiation. In fetal skeletal muscle, myofibers were larger in BPA and BPS groups in both females and males. BPA females had higher MYH1 (reflective of type-IIX fast glycolytic fibers), whereas BPS females had higher MYH2 and MYH7, and higher myogenic regulatory factors (Myf5, MyoG, MyoD, and MRF4) mRNA expression. No differences were observed in males. Myoblast proliferation was not altered in gestationally BPA- or BPS-exposed myoblasts, but upon differentiation, area and diameter of myotubes were larger independent of sex. Females had larger myofibers and myotubes than males in all treatment groups. In conclusion, gestational exposure to BPA or BPS does not result in insulin resistance in fetal myoblasts but leads to fetal fiber hypertrophy in skeletal muscle independent of sex and alters fiber type distribution in a sex-specific manner.
Reflections on a Proposal Designed to Enhance the Internal and Internal Validity of Research in Psychology

We used to think that the experiment was the primary method of establishing causation, though not the only means. Indeed, there are methods set firmly in the quasi-experimental almanac that sometim...
Developing Inclusive K-12 Computing Pathways for the League of Innovative Schools

This poster proposal for the 2019 RESPECT Conference reports on the ongoing progress of the NSF-funded computer science pathways project entitled “Developing Inclusive K-12 Computing Pathways for the League of Innovative Schools” (award #1837386). Entitled “CT Pathways” for short, the three-year research practitioner partnership (RPP) is a collaboration between Digital Promise Global, Digital Promise, and the League of Innovative Schools, a national network of 101 school districts across 33 states, serving over 3 million students. The goal of CT Pathways is to design, investigate and improve inclusive computing pathways for all K-12 students, starting in elementary school and going through high school. In this RPP, researchers join with three “Core” districts and twelve “Pilot” districts from the League of Innovative Schools to focus on districts’ Hispanic and African American students, Title 1 schools and, more generally, their girls and low-income students. The poster presentation will focus on the first of CT Pathways’ three research questions: How do individual participating League districts define the purpose (“the why”) of CS and CT education, and how do these individual rationales subsequently inform respective district’s intention to offer their students more equitable access to CS/CT content (“the how”)? Results will be reported via baseline pre-survey results from district administrators as well as through follow-up interviews/discussions with select district leads. At this early stage, the primary goal is to help districts align the economic and digital literacy rationales for CS/CT education with the wider social justice and broadening participation considerations they have identified.
Utilizing nanopore sequencing technology for the rapid and comprehensive characterization of eleven HLA loci; addressing the need for deceased donor expedited HLA typing.

Abstract The comprehensive characterization of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genomic sequences remains a challenging problem. Despite the significant advantages of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the field of Immunogenetics, there has yet to be a single solution for unambiguous, accurate, simple, cost-effective, and timely genotyping necessary for all clinical applications. This report demonstrates the benefits of nanopore sequencing introduced by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) for HLA genotyping. Samples (n = 120) previously characterized at high-resolution three-field (HR-3F) for 11 loci were assessed using ONT sequencing paired to a single-plex PCR protocol (Holotype) and to two multiplex protocols OmniType (Omixon) and NGSgo®-MX6-1 (GenDx). The results demonstrate the potential of nanopore sequencing for delivering accurate HR-3F typing with a simple, rapid, and cost-effective protocol. The protocol is applicable to time-sensitive applications, such as deceased donor typings, enabling better assessments of compatibility and epitope analysis. The technology also allows significantly shorter turnaround time for multiple samples at a lower cost. Overall, the nanopore technology appears to offer a significant advancement over current next-generation sequencing platforms as a single solution for all HLA genotyping needs.
Quantum Zero-Error Source-Channel Coding and Non-Commutative Graph Theory

Alice and Bob receive a bipartite state (possibly entangled) from some finite collection or from some subspace. Alice sends a message to Bob through a noisy quantum channel such that Bob may determine the initial state, with zero chance of error. This framework encompasses, for example, teleportation, dense coding, entanglement assisted quantum channel capacity, and one-way communication complexity of function evaluation. With classical sources and channels, this problem can be analyzed using graph homomorphisms. We show this quantum version can be analyzed using homomorphisms on non-commutative graphs (an operator space generalization of graphs). Previously the Lovasz $\vartheta $ number has been generalized to non-commutative graphs; we show this to be a homomorphism monotone, thus providing bounds on quantum source-channel coding. We generalize the Schrijver and Szegedy numbers, and show these to be monotones as well. As an application, we construct a quantum channel whose entanglement assisted zero-error one-shot capacity can only be unlocked using a non-maximally entangled state. These homomorphisms allow definition of a chromatic number for non-commutative graphs. Many open questions are presented regarding the possibility of a more fully developed theory.
The Effects of COVID-19 on Pregnancy and Implications for Reproductive Medicine

COVID-19 was officially declared a pandemic in March 2020. Since then, our understanding of its effects on pregnancy have evolved rapidly. Emerging surveillance data and large cohort studies suggest that pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of intensive care unit hospitalization, invasive ventilation, and death. Pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection are associated with increased likelihood of cesarean delivery and preterm birth. Intrauterine transmission occurs, but seems to be rare. Critical gaps remain, and rigorous high-quality data are needed to better ascertain pregnancy risks and to inform antenatal and obstetrical management.
What Predicts Attitudes toward Transgender and Nonbinary People? An Exploration of Gender, Authoritarianism, Social Dominance, and Gender Ideology

Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people face discrimination based on negative societal attitudes toward TGNB identities. Our study explored factors contributing to negative TGNB attitudes, including participants’ gender, age, religion, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), and adherence to traditional gender ideologies. Our sample of 808 U.S. Mechanical Turk participants completed measures of RWA, SDO, traditional masculinity and femininity, and transgender attitudes and beliefs. Because TGNB people have diverse identities, we modified the transgender attitudes and beliefs scale to measure attitudes toward trans man, trans woman, and nonbinary targets instead of the single “transgender” umbrella. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that gender was a significant predictor of attitudes toward trans men and trans women. Higher levels of RWA, traditional masculinity, and anti-egalitarianism (a domain of SDO) predicted negative attitudes toward all TGNB identities, with RWA generally being the strongest predictor. Traditional femininity and the dominance domain of SDO did not significantly contribute to our predictive model for most groups, although we were surprised to find that for nonbinary people, higher levels of traditional femininity predicted positive attitudes. These results can inform targeted interventions aimed at reducing transprejudice.
Enforcing Concurrent Sentences

This Article is the first to take on the following two questions: First, where in the melange of legislative, executive, and judicial powers that constitutes the law of sentencing is the last word on how much time a prisoner will serve when subject to unexpired terms imposed at different times by state and federal courts? Embedded in that first question is the second: may a convict who presents himself to federal prison authorities to serve his federal time be turned away on the ground that he has not yet completed his state time on another offense? In 2015, I began litigating on behalf of Jose Alberto Antonio, who after finishing eight years of state time in Lancaster, California, was transferred on January 11, 2021 to a federal prison in Los Angeles to serve five of what was originally designed to be 9.3 years of federal time. Together, Antonio and I repeatedly sought to enforce the state sentence imposed on him by a state trial court at a June 2016 re-sentencing for a March 2013 robbery. That June 2016 re-sentencing judge structured Antonio’s federal prison term for a drug conspiracy – by then pronounced but yet to commence – and his state prison term to run concurrently, meaning he could serve no more than the length of the longer term (9.3 years for the federal offense). But there seemed nothing we could do to prevent the state and federal terms from running consecutively, meaning the second term would not commence until the first had expired (17.3 years total, the sum of 9.3 years on the federal offense plus eight years on the state offense), though neither the state nor the federal court had structured them to so run. The reason the sentences would run consecutively? Because the Assistant United States Attorney who had negotiated Antonio’s federal plea wanted them to, a decision to which the Federal Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) by its own standards defers. As a recurring – even “notorious” – basis of litigation on which both the ultimate length of countless prison terms and the division of authority between state and federal courts depend, one would think the legal academy would have meditated on this serious question of federalism/comity/dual sovereignty. But it hasn’t. The scant pertinent literature, like the only relevant Supreme Court ruling, addresses Antonio’s mirror or reverse image, whereby a federal court structures a federal term to run consecutively to an anticipated state term. There is a smattering of lower-court rulings on point, the implications of which have somehow remained unilluminated. People v. Antonio is therefore an apt occasion to burrow down into a peculiar rift in which junior bureaucrats of the Department of Justice can, perhaps without legal justification, force concurrent sentences to run consecutively. As a tract on federalism, this chronological study of the protracted litigation of Jose Antonio identifies a profound sentencing snag that owes to an excessive though perhaps correctible deference to executive branch officials.
Sudoku DTSCR ESD Array in 22nm FDSOI

We report design and analysis of the first scalable Sudoku-type diode-triggered silicon-controlled rectifier (DTSCR) ESD protection array structures fabricated in foundry 22nm FDSOI process. 3D TCAD and ESD testing confirm that sudoku-DTSCR ESD array structure dramatically improve ESD area efficiency by ~99% over its finger-layout counterpart. (Keywords: SCR, DTSCR, sudoku, ESD, TLP, FDSOI)
Water access in global South cities: The challenges of intermittency and affordability

Abstract The article analyzes water access in cities in the global South. We examine two challenges to water access from the perspective of households: intermittent services and affordability. The article analyzes primary and secondary data from 15 cities and one corresponding informal or low-income settlement in each city in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. In 12 out of 15 cities analyzed, households connected to the municipal piped system received water intermittently, which compromises quality. In the 15 informal settlements studied, seven receive water less than 17 hours a week. Households that lack access to publicly provided water obtain water from alternative sources which can cost up to 52 times as much. In informal and low-income settlements in three cities, Cochabamba, Kampala, and Mzuzu, basic supplies of water appear unaffordable to households with average income. Our analysis points to the need for cities and water utilities to work together to extend the public piped networks, address intermittent services, and ensure adequate supplies of water are affordable. Looking forward it will be increasingly difficult for cities to keep pace with the growing demand for water, hence the urgency to change our collective ethos about water access and improve modalities of provision now.
The stabilization of the particles of turnip rosette virus. III. Divalent cations.

Abstract Particles of turnip rosette virus (TRosV) contain 1–2 Ca 2+ and about 1 Mg 2+ ion per protein subunit. However, Ca 2+ was much more efficient than other cations tested at stabilizing TRosV particles. Binding studies showed that at pH values of 5 and 6, TRosV particles bound 1 Ca 2+ per protein subunit and, at pH 8.25, about 3 Ca 2+ ; the Ca 2+ was bound more firmly at lower pH values. Other cations competed poorly or not at all for the high affinity Ca 2+ binding site. Preliminary results indicate that the cation stabilization of southern bean mosaic virus is similar to that of TRosV.
Changes in SEC Disclosure Rules for Executive Stock Options: Implications for Valuation

Outstanding (unexercised and unexpired) executive stock options held by top managers of public corporations are an important indicator of accumulated compensation motivating their near-term behavior. In the process of radically overhauling disclosure requirements relating to executive compensation in the proxy rules in 1983, the SEC discontinued the requirement of disclosure of any particulars relating to outstanding executive stock options held by top managers. This has resulted in imprecisions in the measurement of key particulars of outstanding executive stock options of top managers since 1984. Although we have suggested some procedures for consistent valuation of these options over time, the SEC has since reintroduced the requirements regarding disclosure of unexercised and unexpired executive stock options in annual proxy statements, so that investors remain aware of the full extent of top managers' wealth.
Calcium transport across epithelia.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses mechanisms by which cells transport calcium and modify calcium fluxes in the body. The major chemical functions that are dependent on calcium include: nerve excitation, muscle contraction, extrusion, and export processes. The level and regulation of the calcium content of body fluids involves millimolar concentrations. Food calcium may undergo solubilization and dilution with bile and intestinal fluids; calcium concentrations in the chyme can reach tens of millimoles. Thus, the body's calcium traffic—ingestion, digestion, absorption, plasma-calcium maintenance, cellular uptake and release, bone-calcium deposition and removal, i.e., resorption, urinary and fecal-calcium excretion—involves an unending manipulation of various calcium concentrations, as well as changes in state from liquid to solid and back to liquid. In the balance approach, the amount of calcium excreted in the stool is subtracted from the amount ingested during a comparable period. This is termed “net absorption.” The net amount of calcium absorbed represents the net load of calcium from the intestine. By using radioactive or stable isotopes of calcium, along with a balance procedure, one of the streams of calcium in the intestine can be labeled—either the endogenous or the food calcium—and thereby the true amount absorbed and the quantity of endogenous calcium lost in the stool can be quantitated.
Integration and System Tests of the Ford/General Electric AC Electric Drive System

An advanced alternating current drive system, discussed in this paper, is being developed by the General Electric Company for Ford Motor Company's "Advanced Electric Vehicle Powertrain Effort," which is a major element of DOE's Single Shaft Electric Propulsion System Program. The integrated transaxle consists of an oil-cooled 50 hp ac induction motor mounted within a 2-speed transaxle. Direct current from the nominal 204 V battery pack is converted to variable frequency, variable voltage 3-phase ac current by a liquid-cooled transistor inverter. A custom-designed inverter motor controller, containing two 8751 microcomputers plus analog and digital circuitry, translates torque commands from the vehicle microcomputer-based controller to the inverter transistor base drivers that turn on/off power Darlington transistors at appropriate times. After a review of the electric drive system ratings, details of the transistor inverter will be presented. Control strategy and controller design will be summarized. Electric drive integration and system test results will be presented.
The effect of purified human eosinophil major basic protein on mammalian ciliary activity.

Eosinophil granulocyte infiltration in a variety of lung disorders may directly damage local tissue by release of granule contents. A principal constituent of eosinophil granules is the major basic protein (MBP). Previous light and electron microscopic observations have indicated that guinea pig and human MBP produce detachment of tracheal epithelial cells and cessation of ciliary activity. To quantitate the damage, selected regions of the epithelial surface of rabbit tracheal expiants were videotaped before and after treatment with human MBP. Tapes were analyzed for ciliary beat frequency and the extent of zones along the epithelial surface displaying ciliary activity. The MBP at 0.1 mg/ml reduced beat frequency and significantly reduced the measured zones of ciliary activity. Also, MBP at 0.7 mg/ml significantly reduced beat frequency and the measured zone of ciliary activity on the epithelial surface. Beat frequency was lowered by 27% within 10 min, with only 1% further decrease by 60 min. The zones of...
New directions in sampling and multi-rate A-D conversion via number theoretic methods

Number theoretic methods have been used in the study of harmonic analysis to extend existing theories and develop new approaches to both theoretical and applied problems. A specific example of this approach is in the development of sampling theory on non-commensurate lattices. We will construct examples of these lattices, and use a generalization of B.Ya. Levin's (1996) sine-type functions to develop interpolating formulae on these lattices. We then consider application of these new sampling results to multi-rate A-D conversion.
Pregnancy following inferior vena cava ligation.

Abstract A case of pregnancy following inferior vena cava ligation is presented. No evidences of circulatory disturbances as a result of the ligation were noted during this pregnancy.
Tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with cystic fibrosis before and after bilateral lung transplantation

K.A. Walsh, G.A. Davis, D. Jr Hayes, R.J. Kuhn, K.A. Weant, J.D. Flynn. Tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with cystic fibrosis before and after bilateral lung transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 616–621. All rights reserved Study objectives. To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) before and after bilateral lung transplantation, in order to evaluate optimal dosing practices post transplant. Design. Retrospective, single-center, chart review study, in which tobramycin concentrations from CF patients were used to calculate PK parameters, including elimination rate constant, half-life, volume of distribution (Vd), area under the curve (AUC), and clearance before and after lung transplantation. Setting. Medical school-affiliated teaching hospital. Patients. Eight patients with CF, who received a bilateral lung transplant from January 1, 2005 through August 1, 2009 (4 males, 4 females; mean age 26.3 years). Interventions. None. Main results. Sixty-nine sets of pre- (n=52) and post transplant (n=17) tobramycin concentrations were available. PK parameters were significantly altered post transplant. Elimination rate constant decreased 38% from 0.26±0.1 to 0.16±0.1 h-1 (P<0.001), with a related increase of 200% in half-life from 2.8±0.8 to 8.4±8.7 h (P<0.001). Clearance decreased 25% post transplant from 67.3±32.3 to 50.2±15.9 mL/min (P=0.04). No statistically significant change occurred in AUC or Vd after transplant, although a trend was seen toward increased Vd. Dosage requirements after transplantation were significantly lower, 10.7±2.5 and 7.6±1.6 mg/kg/day, pre and post transplant, respectively (P<0.001). Concentrations were also evaluated in 2 time periods: 0–3 weeks and ≥6 weeks post transplant, based on available data. Clearance and Vd ≥6 weeks post transplant did not significantly differ from pre-transplant values (P=0.28 and 0.54, respectively), suggesting that these changes may be temporary. Conclusions. The results suggest that tobramycin PK are altered in patients with CF after bilateral lung transplantation, although no clear trend was seen owing to inter-patient variability. We propose that PK parameters should be reassessed during each treatment course post transplant.
Can Transition to Adult Care for Transplant Recipients Be Improved by Intensified Services While Patients are Still in Pediatrics

Context-Transferring out of pediatrics is a vulnerable time for transplant recipients. Use of a transition coordinator before and after transfer improves outcomes, although it is unclear whether placing a transition coordinator in pediatrics alone is beneficial. Objective-To determine if incorporating a transition coordinator in pediatrics only is associated with stable outcomes for kidney transplant recipients. Design-A retrospective chart review was conducted on outcomes for kidney transplant recipients who shifted service location between 2008 and 2012. Setting-A pediatric and adult transplant unit. Patients-Twenty-two patients transferred during the study period. Intervention-Twelve patients received more intensified preparation from the team's social worker, whose role was aligned with a transition coordinator position; 10 patients received standard care. Main Outcome Measures-The primary outcome was medication adherence, using a validated measure, standard deviations of tacrolimus blood levels. A standard deviation greater than 2.5 has been established as a threshold associated with poor outcomes such as rejection. Standard deviation of tacrolimus levels was compared for 1 year before and 1 year after transfer. Results-Medication adherence worsened from 1 year before (2.03 [SD, 0.75]) to 1 year after transfer (2.95 [SD, 1.38]; t = -;3.07, P = .007). A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that this pattern was the same for patients who did and patients who did not receive intensified services in pediatrics (F1,16 = 1.07, P = .32).
Mixture model for sampling efficiency of an alternating poisson process

The efficiency of mixture distributions for sampling an alternating Poisson process (0,1 observations) is evaluated by the inverse ratio of the variance of the proportion estimate, p, to the binomial variance. The variance ratio presented by D.R.Cox (in Renewal Theory) for fixed interval sampling is generalized to accommodate a mixture of fixed interval and random sampling. The result is a sampling design tool allowing for quantifications of the effect of various spacings between observations and various mixtures. Direct application is made to the field of work sampling where the mixture model appears to be more practical than the fixed interval delay followe by random interval model previously presented by Pape.
Stochastic Simulation Techniques in Systems Biology

Biological modeling to gain system-level understanding of disease mechanisms, and to identify new drug targets has been gaining increasing attention due to remarkable advances in fields like molecular biology and genetics. Understanding system dynamics is a key component necessary to gain insight for this system-level approach. Often, the behavior of reactant biochemical species participating in system dynamics is inherently stochastic in nature, and needs to be taken into account to reliably predict random variations in switching mechanisms in biological pathways, production of biochemical species, phenotypes, morphology etc. This survey paper reviews various stochastic simulation techniques used in systems biology to predict such behavior.
Small-bipolaron hopping conductivity in chalcogenide glasses.

We applied a simplified microscopic two-site double-well model of small bipolarons (SB's) executing thermally enhanced adiabatic tunneling to calculate the complex dynamic conductivity of chalcogenide glasses in good quantitative agreement with the experimental data for ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$. It was found that in these materials (i) the primary mechanism for the ac conductivity is SB hopping, which at low temperatures involves adiabatic tunneling in the atomic subsystem; (ii) the intersite distance (not the energy disparity) is the principal source of the relaxation time dispersion; (iii) the stretched bonds of the size of 4.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 \AA{} with the concentration of the order of ${10}^{21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ are responsible for observed dielectric losses in a wide range of temperatures (0\char21{}600 K) and frequencies (${10}^{2}$\char21{}${10}^{8}$ Hz); (iv) the spatial distribution of the SB sites as well as of their occupation numbers are strongly affected by the pair Coulombic correlations. Both the temperature and the frequency dependencies of the real part of the ac conductivity as well as of the dielectric losses' tangent have been discussed.