cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
KLF4 Interacts with β-Catenin/TCF4 and Blocks p300/CBP Recruitment by β-Catenin

Wnt signaling is crucial in the organization and maintenance of the human intestinal epithelium, and somatic mutations that result in deregulated Wnt signaling are an early event in the development of colorectal cancer. The Wnt ligand ultimately results in the stabilization of cytoplasmic beta-catenin, which is then free to enter the nucleus and activate transcription through its interaction with the transcription factor TCF4. Our laboratory recently found that KLF4, a transcription factor highly expressed in the adult intestine and critical for intestinal differentiation, interacts with beta-catenin and inhibits Wnt signaling. In this study, we characterize the molecular mechanisms of KLF4-mediated inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. We find that the KLF4 directly interacts with the C-terminal transactivation domain of beta-catenin and inhibits p300/CBP recruitment by beta-catenin. KLF4 inhibits p300/CBP-mediated beta-catenin acetylation as well as histone acetylation on Wnt target genes. In addition, we observe that KLF4 directly interacts with TCF4 independently of beta-catenin and that KLF4 and TCF4 are expressed in similar patterns within the large intestine, with greatest staining near the epithelial surface. These results provide a deeper understanding of the regulation of beta-catenin in the intestine and will have important implications in cancer and stem cell research.
γ-Glutamyl dipeptides in Petiveria alliacea

Three gamma-glutamyl dipeptides have been isolated from Petiveria alliacea L. roots. These dipeptides include (S(C2)R(C7))-gamma-glutamyl-S-benzylcysteine together with two diastereomeric sulfoxides, namely (S(C2)R(C7)R(S))- and (S(C2)R(C7)R(S))-gamma-glutamyl-S-benzylcysteine S-oxides (gamma-glutamyl-petiveriins A and B, respectively). Their structures and absolute configurations have been determined by NMR, MALDI-HRMS, IR and CD spectroscopy, and confirmed by comparison with authentic compounds obtained by synthesis.
Testing an axis of rotation for 3D workpiece draining

Given a triangular mesh defining the geometry of a 3D workpiece filled with water, we propose an algorithm to test whether, for an arbitrary given axis, the workpiece will be completely drained under gravity when rotated around the axis. Observing that all water traps contain a concave vertex, we solve our problem by constructing and analyzing a directed "draining graph" whose nodes correspond to concave vertices of the geometry and whose edges are set according to the transition of trapped water when we rotate the workpiece around the given axis. Our algorithm to check whether or not a given rotation axis drains the workpiece outputs a result in about a second for models with more than 100,000 triangles.
Room Temperature Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Sn(O3PCH2CH3): A Layered Phase of the Sn(II)-Organophosphonate System

Abstract The title compound, Sn(O3PCH2CH3), (1), was synthesized from a mixture of SnF2, CH3CH2PO3H2, and H2O in the mole ratio 1:0.85:1741 at 25°C for 1 h. Phosphonate (1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupPbcawitha=7.785(2),b=7.450(1),c=20.026(4) A,V=1161.5(6) A3,Z=8, andR=0.0797. The two-dimensional structure of (1) is composed of corner sharing {SnO3} pyramids and {O3PC} tetrahedra that alternate to form four- and eight-member polyhedral rings within the layers. The ethyl groups of the phosphonate tetrahedra are directed outward from both faces of the layer, effectively forming inorganic layers alternating with organic bilayers.
Disruption of Drift glacier and origin of floods during the 1989-1990 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska

Abstract Melting of snow and glacier ice during the 1989–1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano caused winter flooding of the Drift River. Drift glacier was beheaded when 113 to 121 × 106 m3 of perennial snow and ice were mechanically entrained in hot-rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows initiated by the four largest eruptions between 14 December 1989 and 14 March 1990. The disruption of Drift glacier was dominated by mechanical disaggregation and entrainment of snow and glacier ice. Hot-rock avalanches, debris flows, and pyroclastic flows incised deep canyons in the glacier ice thereby maintaining a large ice-surface area available for scour by subsequent flows. Downvalley flow rheologies were transformed by the melting of snow and ice entrained along the upper and middle reaches of the glacier and by seasonal snowpack incorporated from the surface of the lower glacier and from the river valley. The seasonal snowpack in the Drift River valley contributed to lahars and floods a cumulative volume equivalent to about 35 × 106 m3 of water, which amounts to nearly 30% of the cumulative flow volume 22 km downstream from the volcano. The absence of high-water marks in depressions and of ice-collapse features in the glacier indicated that no large quantities of meltwater that could potentially generate lahars were stored on or under the glacier; the water that generated the lahars that swept Drift River valley was produced from the proximal, eruption-induced volcaniclastic flows by melting of snow and ice.
Split-Night Polysomnography

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with serious health consequences, increased health-care utilization, and economic burden. With greater public and medical attention to sleep disorders, the volume of referrals for sleep studies over the last decade has increased by approximately 12-fold. Despite the steep growth of infrastructure to diagnose and treat OSA, access to such services remains a sizeable problem, and demand overwhelms capacity. To expedite diagnosis of sleep apnea and prescription of treatment, one strategy adopted by sleep specialists is to employ split-night polysomnography, a strategy that encompasses both diagnosis of OSA and initiation of positive pressure therapy in a single night. This article reviews the literature examining this combined diagnostic/therapeutic strategy and discusses the applicable third-party issues of procedural coding and reimbursement.
Authorial Intention in Medieval Historiography

Since the mid-20th century, scholars have focused increasing attention on the context of medieval historical writing and the intentions of medieval historians. Analyzing the intentions of medieval authors is a delicate task, one that requires attention to questions of genre, language, form, mentality, and intended audience. A central problem is that medieval historians tend to describe their goals in terms of literary commonplaces, or topoi, which can mask as much as they reveal. For this reason, recent scholarship has tended to focus on the political motives of medieval historical writing. While this development has had a largely salutary effect on our understanding of medieval historiography, we should be wary of categorizing medieval histories as ‘propaganda’ or assuming that they were always written as unified statements of purpose. Finally, we should take into account the personal and egoistic motives that historians may have had for writing. The most successful efforts at understanding authorial intentionality to date have combined historical and literary approaches, considering the author both as an agent of the institution on whose behalf he wrote and as an individual with his own personal motivations.
Severe lead poisoning from an imported clothing accessory: "watch" out for lead.

Case Report: A case of severe lead poisoning following ingestion of an imported clothing accessory is reported. The child presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and anemia but did not develop encephalopathy. Results: Prompt removal of the object in conjunction with whole bowel irrigation and chelation therapy led to a favorable outcome.
Mandibular ameloblastoma metastatic to the cavernous sinus

A 37-year-old woman presented with diplopia caused by a metastatic mandibular ameloblastoma to the cavernous sinus and subsequent spread to the orbit. Initial treatment consisted of local curretage and two local recurrences occurred prior to the cavernous sinus metastasis nine years after presentation. Although considered a benign tumor, ameloblastoma may metastasize despite a benign histologic appearance. Since metastases most often occur after multiple local recurrences, initial radical surgery should be performed.
Ethnic Representation in Special Education The Influence of School-Related Economic and Demographic Variables

The purpose of this study was to provide current information on the representation of African American students as mildly mentally retarded (MMR) and seriously emotionally disturbed (SED) and to describe the influence of economic, demographic, and educational variables on the identification of minority students for special education. The sample consisted of the districts selected for the Fall 1992 Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Compliance Report survey. Odds ratios were constructed for MMR and SED to describe the nature and extent of disproportionate representation. Regression models were tested to investigate the influence of a set of school-related demographic and fiscal variables on disproportionate representation. Results indicated that African American students were about 2.4 times more likely to be identified as MMR and about 1.5 times more likely to be identified as SED than their non-African American peers. Economic and demographic variables were significant predictors of disproporti...
With or without you: The positive and negative influence of retail companions

This study evaluates whether the influence of shopping with a companion is consistent across retail contexts with service components or between genders. An experiment asked participants to recall and evaluate their most recent solo or joint restaurant or shopping experience. Results demonstrate that for restaurant experiences, there is a positive influence of others on individual time spent, money spent, satisfaction, and attitude toward the act. For shopping experiences, however, these effects were either strengthened or reversed dependent upon gender. For (males) females, joint shopping experiences are linked to (increased) decreased amount paid, attitude toward the act, and re-patronage intentions.
Abstract 167: High Dietary Fructose Does not Exacerbate the Detrimental Consequences of a HF Diet on Basilar Artery Function

There is a strong correlation between the consumption of sugar- or fructose-enriched products and obesity. Moreover, high dietary fructose without added fat and in the absence of obesity induces leptin resistance and exacerbates subsequent HF-induced obesity. Elevated leptin is associated with arterial stiffness. Thus, we hypothesized that the consequences of a high-fat/high-fructose (HF/F) diet would be more detrimental than a high-fat (HF) or chow diet on functional and structural changes in the basilar arteries. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed either with chow, HF (30%) or HF/F (30%/44%) diets for 12 weeks (N=8-10/group). The basilar artery was cannulated in a pressurized system (90cm H2O) and vascular contractile responses to KCl (30-120 mM) and endothelin (10-11-10-7 M), and relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) (10-10-10-4 M), and diethylamine (DEA)-NONO-ate (10-10-10-4 M) evaluated and artery wall thickness and eNOS immunofluroescence determined. At death, leptin, blood lipids, and asymetricaldiameth...
OBLIQUE INTERACTION OF INTERFACIAL SOLITARY WAVES IN A TWO-LAYER DEEP FLUID

The oblique interaction of interfacial solitary waves is studied in an inviscid two-layer deep-fluid system. We first derive the interaction equations correct up to the second order in an amplitude...
An assembler approach to the automation of test vector generation

Two schemes for testing user logic in a microcontroller-based ASIC are described. The direct access method consists of multiplexing primary signals with the microcontroller's signals at the interface with user logic. Multiplexing allows the designer to mimic the microcontroller core's application of stimuli to user logic using a predefined test mode. During test mode, the designer has both the controllability and the observability to directly test the user logic. This method bypasses whatever method is used for testing the microcontroller core and peripherals. Alternatively, the core access method utilizes the microcontroller core to test user logic. To reduce the customer's burden, the standard microcontroller assembler has been enhanced to aid in test vector generation. The extended assembler allows customers to generate stimuli and monitor responses which are synchronized with the bus cycles of the microcontroller core. This method of testing user logic is complementary to and dependent on the method of testing the microcontroller core and peripherals. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are described. Three examples are explored to compare and contrast these two testing methods. >
Ambivalent Sexism, Alcohol Use, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration

Research on risk factors for men's perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) has shown a high correlation with problem alcohol use. Additional studies, however, indicate that the alcohol-IPV link is neither simple nor necessarily direct and that a range of factors may moderate this relationship. Using a national, community-based sample of 255 men, the present study examined the moderating effects of ambivalent sexism (i.e., hostile and benevolent sexism) on the relationship between alcohol use and IPV perpetration. The findings show that both greater alcohol consumption and high hostile sexism are positively associated with IPV perpetration, and that hostile sexism moderates the alcohol-IPV relationship for perpetration of physical IPV, but not for psychological IPV. Moreover, high levels of alcohol consumption have a greater impact on physical IPV perpetration for men low in hostile sexism than for men high in hostile sexism, lending support to the multiple threshold model of the alcohol-IPV link. Implications of the findings for prevention, intervention, and future research are discussed.
Intercellular Communication in Spinal Cord Astrocytes: Fine Tuning between Gap Junctions and P2 Nucleotide Receptors in Calcium Wave Propagation

Electrophysiological properties of gap junction channels and mechanisms involved in the propagation of intercellular calcium waves were studied in cultured spinal cord astrocytes from sibling wild-type (WT) and connexin43 (Cx43) knock-out (KO) mice. Comparison of the strength of coupling between pairs of WT and Cx43 KO spinal cord astrocytes indicates that two-thirds of total coupling is attributable to channels formed by Cx43, with other connexins contributing the remaining one-third of junctional conductance. Although such a difference in junctional conductance was expected to result in the reduced diffusion of signaling molecules through the Cx43 KO spinal cord syncytium, intercellular calcium waves were found to propagate with the same velocity and amplitude and to the same number of cells as between WT astrocytes. Measurements of calcium wave propagation in the presence of purinoceptor blockers indicate that calcium waves in Cx43 KO spinal cord astrocytes are mediated primarily by extracellular diffusion of ATP; measurements of responses to purinoceptor agonists revealed that the functional P2Y receptor subtype is shifted in the Cx43 KO astrocytes, with a markedly potentiated response to ATP and UTP. Thus, the reduction in gap junctional communication in Cx43 KO astrocytes leads to an increase in autocrine communication, which is a consequence of a functional switch in the P2Y nucleotide receptor subtype. Intercellular communication via calcium waves therefore is sustained in Cx43 null mice by a finely tuned interaction between gap junction-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Determinants of counseling in primary care pediatric practice: physician attitudes about time, money, and health issues.

Objectives: To assess pediatrician goals and practice in preventive counseling, and to use social learning theory to examine physician attitudes about preventive health issues, time, and reimbursement to explain physician counseling behavior. Design: Random sample survey of American Academy of Pediatrics fellows. Participants: A total of 1620 pediatricians were surveyed with a return rate of 72%. The 556 pediatricians who had finished training and who currently performed child health supervision were included. Methods: Pediatricians were asked about their goals in 6 areas of health supervision: biomedical issues, development, behavior, family functioning, safety education, and supportive interpersonal interaction. They were also asked about the prevalence of counseling, importance of specific topics, their self-efficacy, outcome expectation in these areas, and their concerns about time and reimbursement for preventive counseling. Results: Assurance of physical health and normal development were the most important goals of child health supervision among the pediatricians surveyed. Goals involving behavioral, family, and safety issues were less important and less likely to be addressed in practice. Most did not regularly discuss family stress, substance abuse, gun safety, and television. In these areas, physicians had less confidence they could provide guidance and lower expectation that they could prevent problems. Only 17% felt that they receive adequate reimbursement for preventive counseling. Most have adequate time (53%) and receive adequate respect (57%) for their preventive efforts. Physicians who were more concerned about time for preventive counseling reported less overall counseling (r= -0.28, P<.001). Concern about reimbursement was not associated with reported counseling. Multiple regression analysis found that the primary predictors of physician counseling were an issue's importance, a physician's perceived self-efficacy, and perceived effectiveness of counseling, while concerns about time and reimbursement were secondary. Conclusions: Physician goals in child health supervision were primarily biomedical, with psychosocial and safety issues of lesser importance. Concern about time for preventive counseling was associated with less reported counseling. Physician attitudes regarding the importance of a health issue and their confidence and effectiveness in counseling were more predictive of physician practice than their attitudes about time and reimbursement for preventive care.
Generation of magnetic fields by convection

The nonlinear hydromagnetic dynamo problem is investigated for the case of convection in a layer of an electrically conducting fluid heated from below. It is shown that two-dimensional convection rolls in conjunction with a longitudinal mean flow are capable of amplifying a magnetic field in the form of a wave propagating in the longitudinal direction. The action of the Lorentz forces causes a reduction of the amplitude of convection with the consequence that the energy of the magnetic field cannot grow beyond an equilibrium value which is determined as a function of the parameters of the problem. The analysis is based on an expansion in powers of the longitudinal wavenumber β of the magnetic field and applies in the case of large values of the magnetic Prandtl number.
Mobile Home Park on the Prairie: A New Rural Community Form*

Mobile home parks are an increasingly common form of residence for the rural poor. A rural central Illinois mobile home park and its residents seemingly possess features—a distinct territory, a homogeneous population, and a collectively held rural ideology—that foster formation of a sense of community. Other factors, however, some unique to this relatively new rural residential form, present physical and social barriers that challenge park residents' construction of a sense of community. We use ethnographic data to describe daily life in a rural mobile home park and to determine who among its working-poor residents are most able to construct a sense of community, and thus to gain access to the potentially beneficial community social resources that are crucial to making a difference in the quality of their lives.
The global citric acid conspiracy: Legal-economic lessons

ADM was at the center of two large global price-fixing conspiracies. Buyers were overcharged $116 to $378 million in the United States. Market structure and corporate management style facilitated these cartels. The criminal prosecutions and defendants' legal strategies were both laudatory, but civil plaintiffs were short-changed. ADM has undergone severe management restructuring, but the effectiveness of apprehending global cartels with national legal enforcement is questionable. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Glass-like phonon scattering from a spontaneous nanostructure in AgSbTe2

Materials with very low thermal conductivity are of great interest for both thermoelectric and optical phase-change applications. Synthetic nanostructuring is most promising for suppressing thermal conductivity through phonon scattering, but challenges remain in producing bulk samples. In crystalline AgSbTe2 we show that a spontaneously forming nanostructure leads to a suppression of thermal conductivity to a glass-like level. Our mapping of the phonon mean free paths provides a novel bottom-up microscopic account of thermal conductivity and also reveals intrinsic anisotropies associated with the nanostructure. Ground-state degeneracy in AgSbTe2 leads to the natural formation of nanoscale domains with different orderings on the cation sublattice, and correlated atomic displacements, which efficiently scatter phonons. This mechanism is general and suggests a new avenue for the nanoscale engineering of materials to achieve low thermal conductivities for efficient thermoelectric converters and phase-change memory devices. The very low thermal conductivity in AgSbTe2 is due to spontaneously formed nanostructures.
Unstable expression and thermal instability of a species-specific cell surface epitope associated with a 66-kilodalton antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody EM-7G1 within serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes grown in nonselective and selective broths.

Conditions that resulted in unstable expression and heat instability of a cell surface epitope associated with a 66-kDa antigen in Listeria monocytogenes serotypes were identified with the probe monoclonal antibody (MAb) EM-7G1 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This epitope appeared to be absent in three serotypes (serotypes 3b, 4a, and 4c), which did not react with MAb EM-7G1 irrespective of the enrichment broth tested. The remaining 10 serotypes were detected by MAb EM-7G1 only when cells were grown in nonselective brain heart infusion broth (BHI) or selective Listeria enrichment broth (LEB). When cells were grown in Listeria repair broth (LRB), only 6 of the 13 serotypes were detected by MAb EM-7G1, and recognition of serogroup 4 was completely lost. None of the 13 serotypes was detected by MAb EM-7G1 when cells were grown in two other commonly used Listeria-selective media, UVM1 broth and Fraser broth (FRB), indicating that possible loss of epitope expression occurred under these conditions. MAb EM-7G1 maintained species specificity without cross-reacting with live or heat-killed cells of six other Listeria spp. (Listeria ivanovii, Listeria innocua, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria grayi, and Listeria murrayi) irrespective of the enrichment conditions tested. Due to heat instability of the cell surface epitope when it was exposed to 80 or 100°C for 20 min, MAb EM-7G1 is suitable for detection of live cells of L. monocytogenes in BHI or LEB but not in LRB, UVM1, or FRB enrichment medium.
Limits of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Suppression in Optical Fibers With Transverse Acoustic Waveguide Designs

A major approach investigated recently for stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression in fiber amplifiers for high power single frequency fiber lasers is to explore designs of acoustic waveguide in optical fibers. This acoustic waveguide can be implemented to some extent independent of the optical waveguide by using a combination of dopants which modify the host glass by varying levels in acoustic and optical properties. Although this approach provides some SBS suppressions, the new analysis described in this work, considering the often omitted leaky acoustic modes, demonstrates its limit. A complex acoustic mode solver, reported in details elsewhere, was recently developed to find solutions for simultaneous longitudinal and shear acoustic wave equations which satisfy rigorous boundary conditions in an arbitrary circular acoustic waveguide. By taking advantage of this new tool, it is possible to find the leaky acoustic modes for acoustic waveguides designed for SBS suppressions. In these acoustic waveguides, the guided acoustic modes often have a reduced overlap with the optical modes by design and, sometimes, do not exist at all, while the leaky acoustic mode can have a significant stronger overlap with the optical modes and, consequently, can play a dominant role in the SBS gain spectrum. It is, therefore, critical to consider the leaky acoustic modes in these cases. Two prominent transverse acoustic waveguide designs proposed recently for SBS suppression in optical fibers are studied here. This work reports, for the first time, the limits of these designs for SBS suppression. With consideration of the leakage acoustic modes, some new insights are provided on the underlying physics as well as on how to optimize these designs for optimal SBS suppression.
Diverse landscapes have a higher abundance and species richness of spring wild bees by providing complementary floral resources over bees' foraging periods.

Anthropogenic landscape simplification and natural habitat loss can negatively affect wild bees. Alternatively, anthropogenic land-use change may diversify landscapes, creating complementary habitats that maintain overall resource continuity and diversity. We examined the effects of landscape composition, including land-cover diversity and percent semi-natural habitat, on wild bee abundance and species richness within apples, a pollinator-dependent crop. We also explored whether different habitats within diverse landscapes can provide complementary floral resources for bees across space and time. We sampled bees during apple bloom over 2 years within 35 orchards varying in surrounding landscape diversity and percent woodland (the dominant semi-natural habitat) at 1 km radii. To assess habitat complementarity in resource diversity and temporal continuity, we sampled flowers and bees within four unique habitats, including orchards, woodlands, semi-natural grasslands, and annual croplands, over three periods from April–June. Surrounding landscape diversity positively affected both wild bee abundance and richness within orchards during bloom. Habitats in diverse landscapes had different flower communities with varying phenologies; flowers were most abundant within orchards and woodlands in mid-spring, but then declined over time, while flowers within grasslands marginally increased throughout spring. Furthermore, bee communities were significantly different between the closed-canopy habitats, orchards and woodlands, and the open habitats, grasslands and annual croplands. Our results suggest that diverse landscapes, such as ones with both open (grassland) and closed (woodland) semi-natural habitats, support spring wild bees by providing flowers throughout the entire foraging period and diverse niches to meet different species’ requirements.
Morphological Characteristics of Coronary Arteries in Patients With Vasospastic Angina: Another Form of Atherosclerosis?

Vasospastic angina (VSA) is a variant form of angina in which chest pain typically appears without provocation, is accompanied by transient ST-segment elevation, and usually resolves spontaneously or with rapid-acting nitroglycerin. Although VSA usually occurs in angiographically normal or near-
Above the landscape

Pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of the body, giving rise to all adult tissues starting with the embryo. Two stages of pluripotent states in both mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells have been reported: naive (pre-implantation) and primed (post-implantation). Naive ES cells show higher developmental potential than primed ES cells. In addition, these stages have distinct epigenetic profiles. In a new study, Sperber et al. reveal that not only the epigenetic signatures, but also the metabolic signatures are unique in both pluripotent states, with the primed state being highly glycolytic compared with naive. The naive-to-primed transition showed a reduction in Wnt signaling, electron transport chain activity, and fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as activation of pathways involved in lipid biosynthesis and HIF-1α stabilization. In addition to glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism differed between naive and primed ES cells. Moreover, the authors revealed that the availability of S -adenosyl methionine triggers a cascade of epigenetic modifications, which suggests that the metabolome regulates the epigenetic landscape during human development. Despite the fact that the epigenetic profiles are very different between naive and primed ES cells, little is known about the molecular mechanism causing these differences. Nevertheless, the authors’ findings suggest the possibility of changing the epigenome by manipulating metabolites. H. Sperber et al ., The metabolome regulates the epigenetic landscape during naive-to-primed human embryonic stem cell transition. Nat. Cell Biol. 10.1038/ncb3264 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.nature.com/ncb/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ncb3264.html
SY21-1ARE THERE ANY BENEFITS FROM REDUCING ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION?

Alcohol contributes substantially to the global burden of disease and is the fifth leading disorder of DALYs in 2010 (GBD 2010 study) worldwide, and thus is one of the largest avoidable risk factors. Any reduction in dose of alcohol consumed, as well as in frequency of drinking occasions and the amount drunk on a single occasion will have an immediate impact in reducing alcohol-related injuries, the cardiovascular events and mortality related to heavy episodic drinking. Several examples demonstrate that total alcohol consumption has a significant impact on chronic consequences of excessive drinking. However, many treatment programs promote abstinence as the only/main acceptable treatment goal. Thus, many problem drinkers decline treatment programs aimed at abstinence. Offering both abstinence and no abstinence treatment goals to clients, permits a client-centered approach that contributes to alleviate client's resistance to change. The new DSM-5 introduces a diagnostic shift from the binary diagnostic criteria of alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse, to a single continuum of alcohol use disorders introducing a clear measure of severity such that treatment goals can be modified individually. In conclusion, reduction strategies offer an opportunity to address patient heterogeneity and lower the treatment threshold by bringing new patients into the treatment. Language: en
Negligent Entrustment Liability for Outsourced Data

American financial services companies, health care facilities, and software producers are increasingly outsourcing data handling to low wage nations. Companies electronically transmit the personally identifiable information of millions of Americans to back office operations (BPOs) located in countries such as India, China, the Philippines, and Russia. Companies can easily delegate non-core operations to an offshore data hub, but it is unlikely that these firms will be permitted to outsource their legal responsibility for reasonable data security. American companies are vulnerable to being held jointly and severally liable for transmitting data to insecure back office operations under a theory of negligent entrustment. This article explores the potential liability of data handlers for negligent entrustment of outsourced data.
Unoccupied states of pyrite probed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS)

Electron energy-loss spectra (EELS) of pyrite (FeS 2 ) were acquired and include the Fe K , L 2,3 , M 2,3 , and M 1 edges, and the S K , L 2,3 , and L 1 edges. The core-loss edges exhibit a range of shapes and different theories are required to understand the spectra. In the process a clear picture of the conduction-band states as a function of energy above the band gap is obtained. This analysis reveals the extent of mixing of unoccupied states and thus provides an understanding of the limits of interpreting core-loss edges in light of the optical dipole limit. A unified picture of the unoccupied states is obtained by aligning the spectra on a common energy scale relative to the published Bremsstrahlung isochromat spectrum (BIS) and with the results of band structure calculations. This alignment allows similarities between the spectra of different atoms to be related to mixing of local conduction-band states. The coincidence of the Fe K and S L 2,3 spectral features attests to the strong hybridization of the Fe p -S 3 d states. The main Fe L 2,3 edges are followed by structures that confirm an Fe-S bond with a substantial degree of mixing between Fe d 6 and d 7 states. The aligned EELS spectra clearly divide the unoccupied states into two regions. The first region is dominated by the intense d -like component of the Fe L 3 edge and p -like components of the S K and L 1 edges. A small pre-peak at the Fe K edge aligned with the Fe L 2,3 edge peak maximum is indicative of Fe 4 p + 3 d e g and S 3 p mixing. Similarly, the pre-peak to the S L 2,3 edge arises from transitions to states with mixed S s + p + Fe 3 d e g character.
Giving Law and Economics a Place in Legal Doctrine and Methodology

The text presents different strategies for institutionalizing social sciences in judicial methodology. Law has invented a successful method for treating the corpus of law as if it were a rational, coherent entirety. The legal system counterfactually imposes this methodological imperative on policy output that is in reality incomplete and inconsistent. This makes it possible to evaluate a given rule by linking up structures and making well-tested legal differentiations available throughout the entire corpus of law. But this method has no inbuilt technique with which to analyse reality. That calls for the social sciences. Their integration faces complications though, which law has to normatively digest. To give an example, different positive theories will provide for varying results. Approaches compete, and the scientific community has not made up its mind about which one deserves the most credit. If a lawyer cannot claim that the theory he chooses is the only valid one out there, he has to exploit the normative implications of the different theories by relatively comparing the hypothetical outcomes. There is a choice to be made and argued for. This should not imply that any individual lawyer could meet this task alone. To reflect the normative repercussions of the relevant theories is a regulative idea just like conceptualising a coherent body of law. Structurally these are methodological demands, which legal actors can only fulfil as a collective. Establishing separate discourses within the legal system provides one example, of how these collective tasks can be institutionalised. One academic discourse is concerned with exploring the regulatory models underpinning future laws and the hypothetical interpretations of given norms. Here, different theories can be tested; new normative contact points can be found. Finally legal doctrine is conceptually developed to precisely go with the methodology that the practicing lawyer uses. Applying the rule then is the task of the practicing discourse. The attorney or judge can use his hermeneutical, case-comparing method, which has its strength in adapting the rule to the individual cases. He can use doctrine as a decision-making program, which functions from the perspective of the primary discourse like a normative heuristic, with the regulatory theory remaining in the background and working blind. Everyone stands on the shoulders of others.
Heterotrophic Ossification After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty With Direct Anterior Approach: Influence of Technique and Chemoprophylaxis

Introduction: The incidence of heterotrophic ossification after primary total hip arthoplasty (THA) has been reported to be between 8 to 90%. The incidence is higher in lateral approach because of extensive muscular trauma associated with it. There exists limited data on the incidence of heterotrophic ossification after direct anterior approach (DAA) THA. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of heterotrophic ossification after THA via the direct anterior approach and the influence of surgical technique and chemoprophylaxis. Method: A consecutive series of four hundred two primary uncemented direct anterior approach total hip arthoplasties in 378 patients were reviewed for incidence of heterotrophic ossification. In the first 200 total hip arthoplasties an anterior capsulectomy (Group 1) was done for exposure while in the subsequent 202 total hip arthoplasties a capsulotomy (Group 2) followed by complete release of supero-lateral flap of from its attachement to the gluteus minimus muscle and trochanter was performed (Figure 1). Group 1 received warfarin for thromboprophylaxis; while aspirin (thromboprophylaxis) and celecoxib (pain) was used in group 2. Heterotrophic ossification was classified according to Brooker9s classification on plain radiographs. Results: Heterotrophic ossification was significantly less in group 2 (4/202, 1.98%) as compared to group 1 (29/200, 14.5%). No severe heterotrophic ossification was found in group 2. Conclusion: Release of the superior-lateral capsular flap from the gluteus minimus muscle allows the femoral mobilization required during the femoral preparation and exposes the trochanter for easier retractor placement and thereby minimizes the muscular traumatic insult. When combined with aspirin and celecoxib chemoprophylaxis, this technique may diminish heterotrophic ossification.
Infrared PLIF imaging of gaseous flows

Preliminary analytical and experimental results are presented which address the feasibility of infrared planar laser-induced fluorescence (IR PLIF), in which a tunable infrared source is used to excite vibrational transitions in molecules, with collection of vibrational fluorescence by an infrared camera. Issues relating to the detectability of infrared PLIF are addressed, including detection schemes, candidate species, energy transfer mechanisms, fluorescence quantum yield modeling, and detection limits. Specific attention is given to carbon monoxide (CO), which is more easily modeled and discussed due to its straightforward spectroscopy and energy transfer mechanisms, although polyatomics have the potential to provide stronger absorption and emission. To demonstrate the technique, a preliminary visualization of CO-air mixing at 300 K is shown, in which CO mole fractions as low as 1% can be distinguished. Potential for use of IR PLIF for other species and at higher temperatures is also discussed.
A Digital Phase Demodulation Technique for Resonant MEMS Gyroscopes

This paper introduces a digital phase demodulation technique for resonant MEMS gyroscopes. The proposed method converts the amplitude-modulated Coriolis signal of the gyroscope into a digital phase-modulated output by utilizing the quadrature component of the sense signal. The rate information is extracted from the digital phase-modulated output using an XOR gate as a digital multiplier. Besides offering more robustness to low-frequency amplitude noise sources due to its phase-based operation, the proposed scheme enables direct time-domain digitization of the gyroscope signal at carrier frequency to avoid additional noise folding by the down-conversion multiplier in conventional amplitude demodulation. In addition, due to its digital nature, the proposed phase-based scheme offers better design scalability for deep-submicrometer CMOS implementations. As a proof of concept, the proposed phase demodulation architecture is interfaced with a low-bias-drift mode-matched tuning fork gyroscope. A scale factor of 240 mV/°/s with sub-0.001°/s detectable rate is measured. The complete system exhibits a low bias instability of 0.55°/h and an angle random walk of 0.12°/√h.
An Analysis of Two Theories Proposing Domestic Goats, Sheep, and Other Goods Were Imported into Egypt by Sea During the Neolithic Period

Based on her work in the Sinai and an evaluation of the appearance of domestic goats and sheep at sites in northeast Africa, Angela Close has proposed a sea route connecting the Sinai and Egypt as the entry point for these animals c. 7000 BP. In an earlier work Beatrix Midant-Reynes had proposed that turquoise, copper, and glazed-steatite beads were imported into Egypt during the Badarian Period via a similar route. A review of the archaeological data suggests that the traditional land route across the northern Sinai is the most likely route connecting Egypt to the Levant for all interaction and trade during the Epipaleolithic and Neolithic Periods. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v05i2_mark
Vicki Howard, From Main Street to Mall: The Rise and Fall of the American Department Store (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015).

The changing role of department stores has been highly pertinent to the turbulent history of U.S. central cities and their ephemeral retail landscape. The “palaces of consumption” that used to domi...
Design of Power Line Carrier Communication Testing System for Smart Metering

Low- voltage power line carrier communication is widely used for smart metering equipment. Due to the severe communication conditions that seriously affect the stability of the system,it is necessary to establish simulation platform for power line channel and test its communication performance. The analysis,design and implementation of the simulators for power line load,attenuation and noise are completed based on the analysis of low- voltage power line channel characteristics. The carrier communication test system for smart metering device is established hereby.The low voltage power line carrier communication performance is tested,and the measurement data and test results are analyzed. The establishment of the test system provides an effective method for power line carrier communication performance evaluation and associated equipment selection.
321 EVIDENCE-BASED ADVERTISING IN RHEUMATOLOGY.

Purpose Accuracy and usefulness of drug advertisements in medical journals have been controversial for over 100 years. In previous studies of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drug advertisements, only 45% of claims were substantiated by compelling evidence (RCT - randomized control trials, or better) and 18% were irretrievable. We attempted to verify the quality of claims in advertisements published in three rheumatologic journals and examine the level of evidence and relevance of references to determine the truth in advertising. Methods A consecutive 12-month sample of advertisements in 3 rheumatologic journals, from the United States (Arthritis and Rheumatism), Canada (Journal of Rheumatology), and the United Kingdom (Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases) was reviewed to determine how research results were presented in pharmaceutical advertisements. Results We identified 44 different advertisements for 19 different rheumatic drugs. Overall, 6% (Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases) to 8% (Arthritis and Rheumatism, Journal of Rheumatology) of all journal pages consisted of advertisements. Mean number of pages per advertisements was 3.2 with biologic advertisements averaging 4 pages. Almost half (47%) of advertisements were for biologic agents, compared to bisphosphonates (12.5%), COX-2/NSAIDs (21%) secretagogues (9%), nonbiologic DMARDs (MTX and LEF) (2%), and viscosupplementation (1%). Over half (58%) of the advertising claims were supported by RCTs. One hundred percent of RCTs cited as references were funded by the sponsoring pharmaceutical company. Almost half (45%) of advertisements only presented one claim. One-quarter (25%) of claims were not substantiated by the references cited. Ten percent of claims quoted prescribing information as their primary reference in addition to "data on file. " References cited as "data on file " were unable to be retrieved 16% of the time, and 3.4% of claims were unsupported by any reference. Conclusions Our audit demonstrates inadequate accuracy and usefulness of drug advertisments, similar to previous studies of nonrheumatic pharmaceutical advertising. Physicians should be cautious in assessment of advertised claims when many references cited are not RCTs and appear to be evidence based.
Big Data Capabilities Applied to Semiconductor Manufacturing Advanced Process Control

As requirements on data volumes, rates, quality, merging, and analytics increase exponentially in the digital universe, semiconductor manufacturers are faced with a need for new approaches to data management and use across the Fab. These are often termed “big data” challenges. In our industry big data solutions will be key to scaling advanced process control (APC) solutions to finer levels of control and diagnostics. However the main impact will be to better enable more effective predictive technologies such as predictive maintenance (PdM), virtual metrology and yield prediction, all of which utilize data from traditional APC capabilities that include fault detection and classification and run-to-run control. PdM represents one area where big data solutions are generating significant benefits across a variety of process types. Moving to big data solutions involves addressing the aforementioned requirements either with enhancements of existing systems or moving to more big data friendly platforms. Big data friendly platforms applied to APC systems provide quantifiable cost-of-ownership and speed improvements, thereby better enabling high quality prediction solutions. Initially, big data solutions will largely be delegated to off-line and on-time critical tasks; over the longer term these big data solutions will increasingly be leveraged for time critical and real-time capabilities.
Repeating error lowers perception of correction’s importance

Corrections of errors in a news story are perceived as most important when they do not repeat the error or attribute blame. Additionally, blaming the error on the source leads to lower liking of that source.
Axb: A compiler for sparse direct solvers

Computational electromagnetics simulations use direct solvers to find the solution to linear systems of equations. The performance of state-of-the-art libraries, used to enhance the execution time of direct solvers, are tied to the underlying architecture and problem instance. Libraries often trade portability and generality for performance and do not use domain and hardware information for optimization. We propose to develop a domain-specific compiler called Axb, which uses application and architecture information, to automatically generate high-performance code for direct sparse solvers on modern parallel architecture. Our preliminary results show that Axb can improve the performance of direct solvers up to 10X compared to state-of-art-libraries for tested problems.
Remote Touch: Humanizing Social Interactions in Technology Through Multimodal Interfaces

Waves, pokes, and tugs are simple social gestures that can benefit from more thoughtful design when translated onto mobile devices and computers. Haptics provide an additional mode of conveyance that is frequently forgotten about in development of mobile technologies, but incorporating it can have significant positive impact on user experience. Combining advanced vibrotactile haptics, location, and multimodally congruent feedback, our prototype creates a simple experience that connects people through non-verbal information to deliver a meaningful gesture and playful interaction.
Quality and Variability of Online Physical Therapy Protocols for Isolated Meniscal Repairs

Objectives:Patients are attempting to access healthcare content online at a precipitously increasing rate given the efficiency and ease of modern search engines. The purpose of this study was to as...