cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liponucleotides Improve Gas Exchange in Dogs with Aspiration Pneumonia

RATIONALE. There is an urgent need for new drugs for both COVID-19 patients and those with other forms of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS in influenza-infected mice is associated with reduced levels of liponucleotides (essential precursors for de novo phospholipid synthesis) in alveolar type II epithelial cells. We found previously that early or late post-infection treatment of influenza A virus-infected mice with the liponucleotide CDP-choline decreased hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, lung dysfunction, and inflammation without altering viral replication. Because it is a truism that mice with ARDS are far easier to cure than people, we wished to show that parenteral liponucleotide administration could likewise attenuate ARDS in a more clinically-relevant real-world situation. METHODS. Client-owned pet dogs admitted to the Small Animal ICU at The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for aspiration pneumonia were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of treatment with vehicle (0.1 ml/kg sterile 0.9% saline, i.v.;n=8 dogs) or CDP-choline (5 mg/kg in 0.1 ml/kg 0.9% saline, i.v.;n=9 dogs) every 12 hours over the first 48 hours after admission. Dogs received standard of care supportive therapy and supplemental O2 (in an O2 tent or via nasal cannula) as deemed necessary by the attending clinician. Vital signs, blood pressure, and peripheral O2 saturations were recorded every 8 hours. Arterial blood gases were measured every 12 hours. Venous blood was collected on admission and at 48 hours for clinical chemistry and CBC/differential counts. Written consent was obtained from all owners, who received a $400 financial incentive (in the form of a contribution to hospital expenses) to participate. RESULTS. Dogs in the treatment arm were significantly younger, but there were no other significant differences between placebo- and CDP-choline-treated dogs on admission. All dogs exhibited tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypoxemia, hypocapnia, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia. Administration of CDP-choline resulted in rapid, progressive, and clinically significant increases in PaO2:FiO2 values and declines in alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradients that did not occur in placebo (saline)-treated animals. CDP-choline treatment also prevented platelet consumption over the first 48 hours after admission but had no detectable detrimental effects in sick dogs. CONCLUSIONS. CDP-choline acts rapidly to promote gas exchange in dogs with spontaneous aspiration pneumonia. Because CDP-choline has been shown to be very safe in human subjects, it should be considered as a potential adjunct therapy in ARDS and/or COVID-19 patients.
Handbook of Analytic Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics

Degree of Approximation of Order Statistics Functionals, Dependent Case, G.A. Anastassiou Regularization and Stabilization of Inverse Problems, C.W. Groetsch Trapezoidal Type Rules from an Inequalities Point of View, P. Cerone and S.S. Dragomir Midpoint Type Rules from an Inequalities Point of View, P. Cerone and S.S. Dragomir A Unified Approach for Solving Equations, Part I: On Infinite Dimensional Spaces, I.K. Argyros A Unified Approach for Solving Equations, Part II: On Finite Dimensional Spaces, I.K. Argyros Uniqueness for Spherically Convergent Multiple Trigonometric Series, J.M. Ash Roundoff Error Analysis for Fast Trigonometric Transforms, M. Tasche anfd H. Zeuner Biorthogonal Local Trigonometric Bases, K. Bittner Polya-Type Inequalities, C.E. Pearce, J. Pecaric, and S. Varosanec Limit Theorems and Best Constants in Approximation Theory. Approximation Theory in Random Setting, M.I. Ganzburg Approximation Theory in Fuzzy Setting, S.G. Gal Global Smoothness Preservation by Multivariate Bernstein-Type Operators, J. de la Cal and A.M. Valle Summation Kernels for Orthogonal Polynomial Systems, F. Filbir, R. Lasser, and J. Obermaier Digitized PDE Method for Data Restoration, S. Osher and J. Shen Boundary Quadrature Formulas and Their Application, T.-X. He Value at Risk: Recent Advances, I.M. Khindanova and S. Rachev Asset and Liability Management: Recent Advances, S. Rachev and Y. Tokat Optimization Problems in Fair Division Theory, M. Dall'Aglio Binomial-Type Coefficients and Classical Approximation Processes, M. Campiti On Scattered Data Representations Using Bivariate Splines, D. Hong
Public Schools as Publicly Imagined

This last chapter reviews the proposition that the neoliberal discourses that currently shape educational policies and school practices have undermined the publicness of public education by allowing private visions of education to percolate, and even to dominate, our educational imagination. Believing that public education will not be able to perform its democratic duties if deprived of the public imagination that identifies this institution as a fundamental pillar of modern democracies, the chapter further reflects on the narratives of the 11 schools presented in the book and explores the theoretical possibilities of the notion of education as publicly imagined to reclaim new public grounds for our educational imagination. The chapter concludes by mapping four conceptual avenues in this process: (1) a commitment to the historical and social specificity that shapes students’ lives; (2) the understanding of curriculum and pedagogy as indispensable tools to secure educational visions of equality; (3) the notion of schools as sites of collective visions, and; (4) the potential to conceptualize schools as counterpublics.
A Multiple Case Study of Rape Victim Advocates' Self‐Care Routines: The Influence of Organizational Context

This study assumes that rape victim advocates who provide community outreach services to victimized women must adjust to a heightened awareness of sexual violence to do their jobs. Using qualitative methodology, this multiple case study explored rape victim advocates' strategies for incorporating repeated exposure to sexual assault into their daily lives as well as ways that organizations can support such endeavors. Findings suggest that advocates' self-care routines draw upon various personal resources (i.e., cognitive, physical, social, spiritual, verbal), and serve 2 roles for coping with rape-related pain: (a) cathartic releasing of traumatic material, and (b) improving capacity to integrate the traumatic material into one's life. Additionally, over 20 organizational characteristics that workers perceive to be supportive (e.g., weekly meetings, flexible hours) were identified. Nonparametric and categorical statistical analyses were used to analyze the relationship between organizational support and self-care routines, finding that advocates working in organizations with higher levels of support utilize more strategies that are integrative in nature. Implications of these findings are discussed.
How some rules just don't matter: The regulation of lobbyists

Brinig, Holcombe, and Schwartzstein (1993) have argued recently that lobby reg- ulation restricts entry into the population of lobbying organizations, and that the number of lobbying organizations then influences legislative activity. However, they analyze only the relationship between the restrictiveness of lobby regulation and legislative activity, thereby assuming that regulation actually reduces numbers of registered interest organizations. We test this assumption with data on state interest organization populations and find little support for it. We consider several other explanations and comment more generally on the status of institutions and their rules in the study of political phenomena. 1. Begging the question of lobby regulation Brinig, Holcombe, and Schwartzstein (1993), henceforth BHS, argued recent- ly that restrictive regulations on lobby activity serve legislators by raising bar- riers to entry, thereby screening out those organizations that are low deman- ders of legislation. As a result, legislators need only to respond to a smaller number of well-identified high demanders when engaging in legislative log- rolling. This implies, they suggest, that we should observe a lower proportion of bills passed (relative to those introduced) in states with more restrictive rules. This hypothesis seems to be supported in their analysis of state data on bill passage and lobby regulations. But this is surprising given that the usual criticism of lobby regulations is that they are so lax as to constitute minimal barriers to entry (Opheim, 1991: 405; Thomas and Hrebenar, 1991). Given this standard criticism, we question the theoretical plausibility of their findings and the empirical support they provide. In regard to the former, our experience working in and with state legislatures suggests that politicians rarely know if a petitioner is or is not a "registered" lobbyist. While some clerk in the legislature's administrative office surely has this information, legislators themselves rarely evidence concern over registration status. And the reason is obvious. Elected officials are acutely, even painfully, aware of the electoral strength of organized interests within their districts, their legislative
SPECTRAL FINGERPRINTING OF ALGAL COMMUNITIES: A NOVEL APPROACH TO BIOFILM ANALYSIS AND BIOMONITORING†

A new technique for spectral fingerprinting of major algal groups in the freshwater periphyton (i.e. cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms) was developed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. This technique used the differential spectral emission signatures of photosynthetic algae and allowed their spatially explicit quantification and community three-dimensional reconstruction. Algal biovolume measurements, carried out with this technique, are superior to existing protocols involving chl and ash-free dry mass assessments because they are nondestructive, localized, and specific at a group level. This technique can be used to generate depth profiles of the periphytic mat with various applications in aquatic ecology and biofilm analysis.
Non-magnetic impurities as probes of insulating and doped Mott insulators in two dimensions

We characterize paramagnetic Mott insulators by their response to static, non-magnetic impurities. States with spinon deconfinement (or spin-charge separation) are distinguished from those with spinon confinement by distinct impurity susceptibilities and finite-size spectra. We discuss the evolution of physical properties upon doping to a d-wave superconductor, and argue that a number of recent experiments favor spinon confinement in the reference Mott insulating state.
History, Theology, Orthodoxy, Polydoxy

The discourse of orthodoxy and heresy has proven both extraordinarily powerful in its historical effects and woefully inadequate as a historical map of theological diversity. The documents of ancient Christianity reveal subtleties of differentiation that only sometimes come to be framed in polarized terms, as well as violent simplifications of asserted polarities that inevitably hide more than they reveal about a religious movement that placed nearly unprecedented value on both unity and universality even as it thereby also embraced the formidable difficulties entailed by an extreme social, cultural, and theological pluralism. But if historians have failed to take the measure of theological diversity, so too have theologians. Doctrine does not develop in a monolinear fashion, nor is it put on ice in the fourth-century Mediterranean, or in any other time or place, but is rather the iterative product of the ongoing practice of theologizing—always repeating, always mutating, never finalized, and sprawling across place as well as time. Its elusive truths are conveyed by the testimony of a responsive, generous, and self-emptying love, as much as by creedal certitude. From this perspective, the recent proposal of Catherine Keller, Laurel Schneider, et al., that the term “polydoxy” displace that of orthodoxy is met with both welcome and wariness. Welcome, as both an affirmation of what has always been and a challenge to live into that heritage more fully. Wariness, if polydoxy should turn out to be just another triumphal orthodoxy, suppressing difference.
Managing peer-to-peer conflicts in disruptive information technology innovations: the case of software reuse

We examine the case of software reuse as a disruptive information technology innovation (i.e., one that requires changes in the architecture of work processes) in software development organizations. Using theories of conflict, coordination, and learning, we develop a model to explain peer-to-peer conflicts that are likely to accompany the introduction of disruptive technologies and how appropriately devised managerial interventions (e.g., coordination mechanisms and organizational learning practices) can lessen these conflicts. A study of software reuse programs in four organizations was conducted to assess the validity of the model. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data obtained showed that companies that had implemented such managerial interventions experienced greater success with their software reuse programs. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Ratings of perceived exertion throughout an ultramarathon during carbohydrate ingestion.

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and their relation to selected physiological mediators during endurance exercise have been limited to laboratory settings. The present study characterized the pattern of change in perceptual responses and examined the relation between RPE and selected physiological variables during a long competitive sporting event, i.e., an ultramarathon race (68 km). A single-group design was employed in which all of the 28 subjects provided their perceptual ratings 11.9 +/- 0.2) and heart rate (HR) (138 +/- 3) periodically (every 5 km) throughout the ultramarathon, and selected physiological responses were measured before, once during (32 km), and immediately after the race. Runners drank approximately 1,000 ml of carbohydrate beverage each hour (60 gm carbohydrate hr.(-1)) and ate 2 or 3 carbohydrate gel packs per hour (25 gm each(-1)). RPE increased significantly throughout the course of the ultramarathon. No significant correlations were found between RPE and HR at any time throughout the ultramarathon. RPE averaged 10.4 +/- 0.4 at the beginning of the race (6.4 km) and 15.4 +/- 0.4 at the conclusion of the race. Subjects maintained 76.9 +/- 1.1% of maximal heart rate; however, there was a tendency for heart rate to drop significantly after 32 km. Significant time main effects were found for serum glucose, insulin, and cortisol throughout the race. However, no significant correlations were found between RPE and any of these physiological mediators. These data indicate that during an ultramarathon race there is a progressive increase in RPE without an accompanying increase in HR or decrease in blood glucose. Therefore, during competitive self-paced exercise the perceptual responses may be mediated through other neurological and physiological mechanisms.
Effect of muscimol on ethanol-induced central nervous system depression.

Abstract In male Sprague-Dawley rats acute ethanol (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) produced impairment of motor coordination and induced hypnosis (4.0 g/kg). Muscimol (1.25 mg/kg, IP) prior to ethanol administration enhanced motor impairment as measured by the aerial righting reflex. The rate of ethanol disappearance from the blood was unaltered by muscimol. Functional tolerance to the effect of ethanol on sleep time was produced by a 24 hr ethanol inhalation procedure. Animals tested 48 hr after ethanol inhalation exhibited a reduced sleep time from ethanol (4.0 g/kg). Muscimol (1.75 mg/kg) was administered along with ethanol 48 hr following 1 day of ethanol inhalation. Although the animals exhibited tolerance to ethanol-induced hypnosis, they did not menifest tolerance to the effect of muscimol.
Troubling calls for evidence: A critical race, class and gender analysis of whose evidence counts

Writing in the spirit of feminist psychologists who have historically refused to narrow the gaze of our craft, I want to cast a critical eye on popular calls for ‘evidence-based practice’ and more ...
Clay mineralogy and illite crystallinity of the Atoka Formation, Arkoma Basin, and frontal Ouachita Mountains

Clay mineralogy (including illite crystallinity) was studied in Pennsylvanian synorogenic sed- iments (Atoka Formation) in the subsurface of the Arkoma Basin and the adjacent Ouachita thrust belt. Vitrinite reflectance values range from >-0.8% at the surface up to as high as 4.7% Ro at the base of the Atoka Formation. The mineralogy of the <2 #m fraction of the mudrocks is fairly monotonous and composed of illite (< 10% interstratified smectite), Fe-chlorite, kaolinite, quartz, and traces of feldspars. Kaolinite is common at shallow levels and "'disappears" in most wells at a thermal maturity of 1.9-2.1% Ro, suggesting its possible use as an independent paleothermal indicator in this basin. Illite crystallinity (IC) values are fairly high (0.3-0.5 ~ 20) and show little variation throughout the entire maturity range. In addition, no relation was observed between vitrinite reflectance and illite crystallinity, indicating that IC is not a useful paleothermal indicator in these rocks. Illite is almost exclusively of the 2Ml polytype, suggesting a predominantly detrital origin. Incipient metamorphic and low-grade metamorphic mudrocks in the Ouachita thrust belt to the east of the Arkoma Basin are regarded as the source rocks for the clays of the Atoka Formation. Rapid transportation and deposition by turbidity currents probably played a key role in protecting these unweathered micas from pervasive alteration in the terrestrial environment.
Serum creatinine does not improve early classification of ischemic stroke caused by small artery occlusion.

Background and Purpose: Accurate subtyping of ischemic stroke in the acute setting is a potentially important but very difficult task. Microvascular disease is a systemic disorder, and we hypothesized that impaired renal function, which is most commonly a result of microvascular disease, would correlate with the subtype of small-artery occlusion (SAO) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke. Clinical and laboratory data at admission were analyzed and compared with the final determination of stroke subtype. We determined whether serum creatinine level at admission was independently associated with final determination of the SAO stroke subtype. Results: There was no correlation between elevated baseline creatinine (≥1.5 mg/dL) and SAO (odds ratio=0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.01-2.98, P = .38). The most helpful predictor of a final SAO subtype was lacunar syndrome on initial examination, but only in patients with diabetes (positive predictive value=67%, 95% confidence interval 30%-93%). Conclusions: Laboratory evidence of impaired renal function does not aid the early identification of the SAO stroke subtype in patients with acute stroke. In addition, an initial lacunar syndrome only effectively identifies SAO among patients with diabetes, not the general stroke population.
Effect of prostaglandin E in multiple experimental models. VIII. effect on host response to metastatic tumor

Prostaglandin E (PGE) is produced by certain tumors and is reported to decrease primary tumor growth. We evaluated its effect in multiple tumor models utilizing a 1 week course of the long acting PGE derivative dimethyl-PGE (dPGE) at a dosage of 100 micrograms/kg/day vs. a lactated Ringers control. For all tumor models, a suspension of 1 x 10(6) colon carcinoma cells were injected into Wistar-Furth rats. When the suspension was injected subcutaneously and the drug was begun at the time of tumor challenge, there was no effect on survival. When the tumor was injected intraperitoneally or intravenously and the drug begun at the time of tumor challenge, dPGE decreased survival time. When the tumor was administered intravenously but dPGE was delayed for 5 days, there was no effect on survival time. When rats were given a 1 week course of dPGE or saline, dPGE was found not to alter natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, macrophage cytotoxicity, spontaneous lymphocyte blastogenesis, or mitogen stimulated blastogenesis. dPGE failed to alter lymphocyte metabolism of glucose in nonstimulated lymphocytes, but decreased the rate of glucose metabolism and adenosine deaminase activity in mitogen stimulated lymphocytes. In conclusion, PGE appears to enhance metastatic growth of tumor lines where it does not alter primary tumor growth. This effect does not appear immunologically mediated.
Distributed sparse random projections for refinable approximation

Consider a large-scale wireless sensor network measuring compressible data, where n distributed data values can be well-approximated using only k <g n coefficients of some known transform. We address the problem of recovering an approximation of the n data values by querying any L sensors, so that the reconstruction error is comparable to the optimal fc-term approximation. To solve this problem, we present a novel distributed algorithm based on sparse random projections, which requires no global coordination or knowledge. The key idea is that the sparsity of the random projections greatly reduces the communication cost of pre-processing the data. Our algorithm allows the collector to choose the number of sensors to query according to the desired approximation error. The reconstruction quality depends only on the number of sensors queried, enabling robust refinable approximation.
Interdomain interactions within the two-component heme-based sensor DevS from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

DevS is the sensor of the DevS-DevR two-component regulatory system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This system is thought to be responsible for initiating entrance of this bacterium into the nonreplicating persistent state in response to NO and anaerobiosis. DevS is modular in nature and consists of two N-terminal GAF domains and C-terminal histidine kinase and ATPase domains. The first GAF domain (GAF A) binds heme, and this cofactor is thought to be responsible for sensing environmental stimuli, but the function of the second GAF domain (GAF B) is unknown. Here we report the RR characterization of full-length DevS (FL DevS) as well as truncated proteins consisting of the single GAF A domain (GAF A DevS) and both GAF domains (GAF A/B) in both oxidation states and bound to the exogenous ligands CO, NO, and O2. The results indicate that the GAF B domain increases the specificity with which the distal heme pocket of the GAF A domain interacts with CO and NO as opposed to O2. Specifically, while two comparab...
Naltrexone augments the effects of nicotine replacement therapy in female smokers.

Abstract Background. There is increased recognition that gender differences may influence outcomes and may modify vulnerability to tobacco addiction, severity of course and response to different treatments. We hypothesized that naltrexone, which has been used to successfully treat opioid and alcohol dependence, when combined with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and psychosocial therapy (PT) may enhance smoking cessation rates in women. Methods. Forty-four adult female smokers meeting DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence with expired carbon monoxide content of ≥15 ppm were randomly assigned in a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial of naltrexone 50 mg + NRT patch + psychosocial therapy (N + NRT + PT) (N = 12) or placebo + NRT patch + psychosocial therapy (P + N + PT) (N = 12) for 12 weeks. Results. Twelve weeks of treatment was completed by 54.5%. Smoking cessation among females who completed the 12 weeks for N + NRT + PT was 91.7% (11/12) and for P + NRT + PT was 50% (6/12). Conclusion. Na...
An Intervention Framework for Family Involvement in the Care of Persons with Psychiatric Illness: Further Guidance From Family Forum II

Family involvement in the care of persons with psychiatric illness is important for recovery-oriented comprehensive mental health services; however, family involvement infrequently occurs. The Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Mental Health Services has sponsored Family Forum II to provide a broad intervention framework for family involvement in the care of persons with psychiatric illness. This article presents guidance provided by Family Forum II. Services highlighted include family consultation, family education, and family psychoeducation; and an intervention framework is presented. Several dimensions of fostering family involvement are emphasized as vital to the process of engagement in meaningful services. An intervention framework for family involvement enables consumers, family members, providers, and administrators to navigate and cultivate family service choices in a family-friendly agency.
Clinical Outcome of Endodontic Microsurgery That Uses EndoSequence BC Root Repair Material as the Root-end Filling Material

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical and radiographic outcome of root-end surgery when EndoSequence BC Root Repair (ES-BCRR) was used as the root-end filling material and to identify any possible prognostic factors that may have affected the healing outcome. Methods Clinical records and periapical radiographs were collected from patients who had undergone endodontic microsurgery between 2009 and 2013 in a private endodontic office and had a minimum 1-year follow-up. All surgical procedures were performed by a single endodontist. ES-BCRR was used as the root-end filling material in all cases. Outcome was categorized into healed, healing, and non-healing on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings. The healed and healing cases were pooled and considered as success, and non-healing cases were considered failure. For statistical analysis of the prognostic factors, the dependent variable was the dichotomous outcome (ie, success versus failure). Results Ninety-four patients with 113 teeth met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The overall success rate was 92.0%. None of the prognostic factors, including age, sex, tooth position, size of periapical radiolucency, presence of a sinus tract, preoperative symptoms, and retreatment previous to surgery, appeared to have any significant effects on the outcome (P > .05). Conclusions This current study suggests that ES-BCRR is a suitable root-end filling material to be used in endodontic surgery.
microRNA-21 governs TORC1 activation in renal cancer cell proliferation and invasion.

Metastatic renal cancer manifests multiple signatures of gene expression. Deviation in expression of mature miRNAs has been linked to human cancers. Importance of miR-21 in renal cell carcinomas is proposed from profiling studies using tumor tissue samples. However, the role of miR-21 function in causing renal cancer cell proliferation and invasion has not yet been shown. Using cultured renal carcinoma cells, we demonstrate enhanced expression of mature miR-21 along with pre-and pri-miR-21 by increased transcription compared to normal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-21 Sponge to quench endogenous miR-21 levels inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of renal cancer cells. In the absence of mutation in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, PTEN protein levels are frequently downregulated in renal cancer. We show that miR-21 targets PTEN mRNA 3′untranslated region to decrease PTEN protein expression and augments Akt phosphorylation in renal cancer cells. Downregulation of PTEN as well as overexpression of constitutively active Akt kinase prevented miR-21 Sponge-induced inhibition of renal cancer cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, we show that miR-21 Sponge inhibited the inactivating phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein tuberin and attenuated TORC1 activation. Finally, we demonstrate that expression of constitutively active TORC1 attenuated miR-21 Sponge-mediated suppression of proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells. Our results uncover a layer of post-transcriptional regulation of PTEN by transcriptional activation of miR-21 to force the canonical oncogenic Akt/TORC1 signaling conduit to drive renal cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
ALTERNATIVE LOCATIONS FOR INTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR ELECTRODES

Successful defibrillation is described in two patients in whom the defibrillating electrode was positioned in the coronary sinus and right ventricular outflow tract as alternative sites. Internal cardiac defibrillation has been successful with single or multiple endocardial electrodes, epicardial patch electrodes, and subcutaneous surface electrodes (patch, array) in varying combinations and recently with an active can electrode. While the traditional location of the endocardial electrode has been the right ventricular apex, we describe two patients in whom defibrillation was successful in alternate locations, the coronary sinus and the right ventricular outflow tract.
BIAS IN AN ESTIMATOR OF THE FRACTIONAL DIFFERENCE PARAMETER

. An estimator of the difference parameter in a class of long-memory time series models is examined. It is shown that, in particular circumstances, the estimator can be badly biased, and tests based on it consequently seriously misleading. The source of this bias is identified, and it is shown that its magnitude can readily be predicted through straightforward analytical arguments.
Abstract B87: The effect of imaging on clinical management of breast pain

Breast pain is a common complaint to both primary care and breast specialists. Current literature recommends imaging for women with breast pain to provide reassurance of benign etiology. The current study sought to determine if imaging is a valuable tool in providing reassurance for women with breast pain, through measuring the association between initial imaging in the evaluation of women with breast pain and subsequent clinical services utilization From 2006–2009, 916 women were referred to an urban, Safety Net, diagnostic breast health practice for breast pain. We compared the subsequent clinical utilization of women who had imaging ordered at their initial visit to women who did not have imaging ordered. Clinical utilization was defined as the number of follow-up visits, diagnostic imaging studies, and biopsies completed within the 12 months following the initial provider visit. The study population was stratified based on the presence or absence of clinical breast exam findings. Sixty-percent of women referred for breast pain were age 40 or younger, 87% were from racial/ethnic minority groups, 45% were non-English speaking, and 73% had public or no health insurance. Twenty five percent of women had imaging ordered at initial provider visit for breast pain. Minority and non-English speaking women were less likely to receive initial imaging. Of those who received initial imaging, 75% had radiographic findings which required no additional follow-up, yet 98% returned for additional evaluation. In adjusted analyses, women with imaging ordered at initial provider visit had increased clinical services utilization (OR 25.4, 95% CI: 16.7, 38.6). When the study population was stratified by clinical breast exam results, the risk-adjusted association between initial imaging and subsequent clinical services utilization remained. Women with normal clinical breast exams who received initial imaging exhibited increased odds for subsequent clinical services utilization (OR 23.8, 95% CI: 12.9, 44.0) than women who did not initial imaging. Six cancers were diagnosed in the study population; yet imaging in the absence of clinical breast exam abnormalities did not result in any cancer identification. Initial imaging for women with breast pain increased the odds of subsequent clinical utilization and did not increase diagnostic certainty in ruling out malignancy. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B87.
Evaluation, control, and prediction of drug diffusion through polymeric membranes. I. Methods and reproducibility of steady-state diffusion studies.

The equipment and methods for the study of drug diffusion through polymeric membranes are described. Among studies conducted on a given day, diffusion rates were reproducible within a coefficient of variation of 3,2 percent. Variation in ionic strength from 0.1-0.4 and the variations in hydrostatic head studied had no significant effect on the rates of diffusion of 4′-aminopropiophenone from 6.8 phosphate buffer through silastic membrane into 0.12 N HCl. Silastic membrane is shown to be impermeable to phosphate buffer and hydrogen and chloride ions.
Post density functional theoretical studies of highly polar semiconductive Pb(Ti 1 − x Ni x )O 3 − x solid solutions: Effects of cation arrangement on band gap

We use a combination of conventional density functional theory (DFT) and post-DFT methods, which include the local density approximation plus Hubbard $U$ ($\text{LDA}+U$), PBE0, and self-consistent $\mathit{GW}$, to study the electronic properties of Ni-substituted PbTiO${}_{3}$ (Ni-PTO) solid solutions. We find that LDA calculations yield unreasonable band structures, especially for Ni-PTO solid solutions that contain an uninterrupted NiO${}_{2}$ layer. Accurate treatment of localized states in transition-metal oxides such as Ni-PTO requires post-DFT methods. $B$-site Ni/Ti cation ordering is also investigated. The $B$-site cation arrangement alters the bonding between Ni and O, and therefore strongly affects the band gap (${E}_{g}$) of Ni-PTO. We predict that Ni-PTO solid solutions should have a direct band gap in the visible light energy range, with polarization similar to the parent PbTiO${}_{3}$. This combination of properties makes Ni-PTO solid solutions promising candidate materials for solar energy conversion devices.
Control effectiveness characterization for state estimation and control on a highly flexible grid

Control effectiveness tests of reaction wheel actuators on a highly flexible grid are reported herein. Analytic determination of actuator control effectiveness is accomplished with finite element modelling. Experimental determination is done with two algorithms. The first is an equation error parameter identification scheme which estimates the control coefficients of the second order difference equation model of each vibration mode. The second is a least square error algorithm using the same model. For both methods there is a lack of agreement with analytic prediction.
Birth of two second generation hybrid macaques

Abstract A male infant was born to a hybrid female monkey (Macaca mulatta × M. nemestrina) on 24 May 1973. On 4 July 1973, a second hybrid female macaque (M. nemestrina × M. nigra) also produced a viable female infant. These were the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth hybrid births in our program, but the first second generation births.
Ureteral catheterization and manipulations using flexible cystoscope on patients in semiprone position

Cystoscopy using the flexible cystoscope was performed on 15 patients in the semiprone position. Ureteral catheters were placed to facilitate percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 8 patients, and indwelling ureteral stents were removed in 7. The procedure offers the urologist an additional technique in select situations.
Interleukin 4 induces the maturation of idiotype-specific regulatory B cell populations.

CD5+ B cells have been shown to be disproportionately associated with autoimmune diseases and transformation. In many cases, their apparent ability to bypass self-tolerance is manifested by the production of autoantibodies. These observations, plus the hypothesis that CD5+ B cells represent a distinct B cell lineage, encourage studies into the conditions and factors that influence their development. In the present study, we employed a well-established assay for murine CD5+ B cell function, i.e., their ability to augment the responses of IgHb-linked idiotypic determinants on anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP) antibody (Nbb) idiotype-bearing CD5- B cells to a T-independent antigen, together with multiple methods of cell surface phenotyping, to evaluate the potential for interleukin (IL) 4 to effect maturation of CD5+ B cells, CD5+, IgM+, Thy-1-, and NPb idiotype-specific cells panned on antibody-coated petri dishes or sorted by flow cytometry from spleen were capable of augmenting NPb idiotypic responses of NP-KLH-primed responder cells to NP-Ficoll. Splenic B cell populations depleted of CD5+ B cells failed to affect idiotype expression even after 2 days in culture, a time when a small percentage of CD5+ B cells appeared to be regenerated. However, idiotype-specific regulatory activity could be restored in CD5- splenic B cell populations by culture for 2 days with recombinant IL-4. Cells responsible for idiotype-specific regulatory activity after culture with IL-4 were in fact CD5+, IgM+, and Thy-1.2- B cells, demonstrating that IL-4 can drive the functional, if not the phenotypic, maturation of splenic B cells associated with the CD5+ B cell lineage. The results illustrate one possible mechanism by which T cells could control the maturation of cells belonging to the CD5+ B cell lineage.
WHAT GOVERNS PROTEIN CONTENT OF POLLEN: POLLINATOR PREFERENCES, POLLEN–PISTIL INTERACTIONS, OR PHYLOGENY?

Pollen ranges from 2.5% to 61% protein content. Most pollen proteins are likely to be enzymes that function during pollen tube growth and subsequent fertilization, but the vast range of protein quantity may not reflect only pollen–pistil interactions. Because numerous vertebrate and invertebrate floral visitors consume pollen for protein, protein content may influence floral host choice. Additionally, many floral visitors pollinate their host plants. If protein content influences pollinator visitation, then pollinators are hypothesized to select for increased protein content of host plants. We analyzed or gleaned from the literature crude pollen protein concentrations of 377 plant species from 93 plant families. Using this database, we compared pollen protein concentration with (1) pollination mode, (2) pollen collection by bees, and (3) distance from stigma to ovule, after accounting for phylogeny through paired phylogenetic comparisons and a nested ANOVA including taxonomic rank. We found that pollen pr...
Treatment Options in Degenerative Cerebellar Ataxia: A Systematic Review

The etiology of cerebellar ataxia (CA) is heterogeneous and includes easily identified and often reversible causes (i.e., drug toxicity and vitamin B12 deficiency) as well as irreversible degenerative conditions. It is the latter that poses a significant therapeutic challenge for practitioners treating this population of patients. To date, there are no U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved medications for the treatment of CA. The literature, consisting mostly of case reports, case series, and small clinical trials, is sparse and scattered. These studies are difficult to translate clinically because they often describe diverse study populations with various identified and unidentified genetic etiologies. In addition, the reported treatment duration is often brief, and it is uncertain whether any of these options provide substantially lasting benefits. In this article, we review published reports and studies to aid the practitioner counseling patients with degenerative ataxias.
Robust flight reconstruction for helicopter simulation and training

The concept of using flight-recorded data for training via real-time simulator playback of flight maneuvers is introduced, and the requirements and technical methodology for simulator-based flight reconstruction are discussed. A robust Kalman filter design, which includes parametric uncertainties modeled as multiplicativ e white noise processes, is utilized as a state estimator flight simulator driver. Actual robust Kalman filter implementation utilizes a UH-60 helicopter nonlinear simulation (piecewise linear aerodynamics) for state propagation to facilitate easy transition between flight reconstruction and manual simulation. This robust technique is compared to the traditional linearized extended Kalman filter approach. Resulting flight data reconstruction system simulation, using computer-generated data and flight test data, demonstrates the flight payback insensitivity to helicopter model parameter changes. The study results indicate superior performance of the robust Kalman filter approach for the flight reconstruction for flight simulation (FRFFS) problem.
Origami and mathematics (abstract only)

Mathematics applied to the design of an origami model can be used to develop the most efficient fold patterns; more simply stated the largest finished model compared to the unit dimensions of origami paper in unfolded shape. Based on the final chapter of Origami Design Secrets by R. J. Lang, a collaboration of algorithms which mathematically models most all aspects of what is happening to the piece of paper (set U) during origami transformation is presented. In order to understand what is meant by the symbolism of these algorithms, knowledge of discrete math, linear algebra, trigonometry, calculus, etc. College level mathematics is a necessity.
β-Catenin Mutations Correlate with Over Expression of C-myc and Cyclin D1 Genes in Bladder Cancer

ABSTRACTPurpose: We hypothesized that over expression of c-myc and cyclin D1 genes is transcriptionally activated by β-catenin mutation independent of gene amplification in bladder cancer. To test this hypothesis we investigated the relationship of β-catenin mutation to c-myc and cyclin D1 mRNA with special reference to the changes in copy number of the 2 genes.Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA and total RNA were extracted from 59 bladder cancer specimens and from 31 histologically normal specimens of bladder mucosa. We performed β-catenin deletion screening by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers spanning exons 3 (including the glycogen synthase kinase-3β consensus motif), 5 and 6. Mutational changes in β-catenin in exons 3, 5 and 6 were detected by each PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis followed by direct DNA sequencing. mRNA expression and copy numbers of c-myc and cyclin D1 were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and competitive genomic PCR.Results:...
Polarization of neutrons from the 12C(d, n)13N reaction

Abstract The polarization of neutrons from the 12 C(d, n) 13 N reaction has been measured at various forward emission angles for deuteron energies between 4 and 7.5 MeV. Polarizations of the order of 0.30 were observed at several energies and angles.
A CASE OF MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA OF THE SPLEEN WITH INVASION INTO THE ABDOMINAL WALL

脾に原発する悪性腫瘍は比較的稀である.今回,われわれは,腹壁に直接浸潤を認めた脾原発悪性リンパ腫の1例を経験したので報告する.症例: 62歳,女性.平成10年1月より左側腹部痛,背部痛を自覚,時々37度台の発熱も認めていた.近医にて脾腫瘍を指摘され,紹介となった.入院時,肝脾触知せず,左側腹部に筋性防御を伴っていた.表在リンパ節は触知せず.血液検査では, LDH 611IU/l, CRP 3.30mg/dlの他には異常を認めなかった.画像所見にて,脾上極に8.5×5.0cm大の腫瘤を認め,左背側の腹壁,左横隔膜脚に連続していた. Gaシンチでは,脾臓と正中部背側に異常集積を認めた.腹壁浸潤を認める脾原発悪性リンパ腫を疑い,平成10年6月2日,脾摘術を施行.病理検査でmalignant lymphoma, diffuse large, B cell typeと診断された.術後22日目より化学療法施行,一時軽快するも231日目死亡となった.
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibits KCl-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction

Abstract K+-depolarization (KCl)-activated Ca2+ entry permitting sustained force-maintenance in tonic vascular smooth muscle has long been attributed solely to activation of L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCs). We used the transient receptor potential channel (TRP) blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), to test the hypothesis that KCl activates additional Ca2+ entry pathways. 2-APB alone caused a transient weak increase in force, a sustained weak increase in basal [Ca2+]i and myosin light chain phosphorylation, and inhibition of KCl-induced force, [Ca2+]i and myosin light chain phosphorylation. 2-APB did not appear to block VOCs, because 2-APB did not inhibit 30 nM Bay k 8644-induced increases in [Ca2+]i. Moreover, although 1 μM nifedipine abolished the increase in [Ca2+]i produced by α-adrenergic receptor activation, 2-APB produced an additional reduction in [Ca2+]i below the basal level. These data support the conclusion that membrane depolarization activates 2-APB-sensitive TRPs in addition to VOCs to permit strong force-maintenance in tonic vascular smooth muscle.
Anatomical and clinical factors favoring the performance of saphenous ablation and microphlebectomy or sclerotherapy as a single-stage procedure

ObjectiveTo identify the anatomical and clinical parameters that predict lack of regression of superficial varicosities after ablation of the great saphenous vein.MethodsSymptomatic patients treated with endovenous ablation from August 2006 to July 2013, by a single surgeon, were included. Recorded parameters included age, sex, size, and extent of varicosities (class I–IV) (patient standing), and diameter and length (patient supine) of treated great saphenous vein. Varicose vein classification was defined as: class I ≤6 mm and localized to thigh or leg, class II ≤6 mm and present in the thigh and leg (extensive), class III >6 mm and localized to the thigh or leg, and class IV >6 mm and extensive. “Excellent” results were defined as complete resolution of varicosities, “good” results as incomplete resolution, and “poor” results as no improvement.ResultsA total of 267 patients and 302 consecutive limbs were included in the study. There were 175 females (65.5%), and the mean age was 54 years old (22–92). The...
Evaluating the Purity of Single-Wall Nanotube Materials

Carbon single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) have a variety of unique physical, electronic and mechanical properties. However, the SWNTs must be thoroughly purified if they are to be used in the wide array of projected applications and basic studies. Although numerous purification schemes have been employed in the literature, none of them provides an accurate estimate of the SWNT content in the final materials. Here we describe a simple 3-step purification process coupled to an accurate method for determining SWNT wt.% contents in both the crude and purified samples. We employ a laser vaporization synthesis technique and take care to avoid both forming graphite-encapsulated metal particles and incorporating sputtered target material into the collected soot. It is then possible to employ a dilute nitric acid reflux to digest the metal particles and to functionalize and redistribute the non-nanotube carbon fractions in the soots forming a uniform and reactive coating on the SWNTs. This coating is selectively removed by oxidation in air at 550 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICPS) are used to evaluate the purity of the material at each step of the process, and illustrate that the crude materials contain 6 wt.% metal and 10-35 wt.% SWNTs. The purified materials are found to be >98 wt.% pure with metal contents of < 1 wt.%. Using the 98 wt.% pure materials as a yardstick, we are able to evaluate the accuracy of several other methods commonly employed in determining nanotube purity levels including transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. We show that determining nanotube contents in various materials requires careful scrutiny and the application of multiple techniques.
Linewidth parameters in the rotational spectrum of nitrogen dioxide

Abstract Linewidth parameters for several components in the rotational spectrum of the NO 2 molecule were determined. Experimental linewidth parameters for the (8 0,8 → 7 1,7 ), (9 1,9 → 10 0,10 ), (23 2,22 → 24 1,23 ), (6 0,6 → 5 1,5 ), and (22 1,21 → 21 2,20 ) transitions were obtained at a temperature of T = 300 K and for a pressure range 0.001 ≤ P ≤ 0.2 Torr. These experimental values are compared with values calculated using the linewidth theories of Anderson and Murphy and Boggs. The calculated values take into account the contributions due to dipole-dipole, dipole-quadrupole, quadrupole-dipole, and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions in the expansion of intermolecular potential energy.