cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the squeezed three-point galaxy correlation function with generalized halo occupation distribution models

We present the GeneRalized ANd Differentiable Halo Occupation Distribution (GRAND- HOD) routine that generalizes the standard 5 parameter halo occupation distribution model (HOD Zheng et al. 2009) with various halo-scale physics and assembly bias. We describe the methodology of 4 different generalizations: satellite distribution generalization, velocity bias, closest approach distance generalization, and assembly bias. We showcase the signatures of these generalizations in the 2-point correlation function (2PCF) and the squeezed 3-point correlation function (squeezed 3PCF). We identify generalized HOD prescriptions that are nearly degenerate in the projected 2PCF and demonstrate that these degeneracies are broken in the redshift-space anisotropic 2PCF and the squeezed 3PCF. We also discuss the possibility of identifying degeneracies in the anisotropic 2PCF and further demonstrate the extra constraining power of the squeezed 3PCF on galaxy-halo connection models. We find that within our current HOD framework, the anisotropic 2PCF can predict the squeezed 3PCF better than its statistical error. This implies that a discordant squeezed 3PCF measurement could falsify the particular HOD model space. Alternatively, it is possible that further generalizations of the HOD model would open opportunities for the squeezed 3PCF to provide novel parameter measurements. The GRAND-HOD Python package is publicly available at this https URL com/SandyYuan/GRAND-HOD.
Protecting Privacy with a Declarative Policy Framework

This article describes a privacy policy framework that can represent and reason about complex privacy policies. By using a Common Data Model together with a formal shareability theory, this framework enables the specification of expressive policies in a concise way without burdening the user with technical details of the underlying formalism. We also build a privacy policy decision engine that implements the framework and that has been deployed as the policy decision point in a novel enterprise privacy prototype system. Our policy decision engine supports two main uses: (1) interfacing with user interfaces for the creation, validation, and management of privacy policies; and (2) interfacing with systems that manage data requests and replies by coordinating privacy policy engine decisions and access to (encrypted) databases using various privacy enhancing technologies.
Kirchhoff’s Theory of an Elastic Rod

By way of background, a rapid review of Kirchhoff’s theory of an inextensible, unshearable elastic rod is discussed in this chapter. The formulation of the theory incorporates a pair of deformable vectors (or directors) associated with each point of a flexible material curve. In addition, the Frenet and Bishop framings of the material curve are introduced. The latter framing does not feature in classic textbooks on rod theories and is central to understanding the discrete elastic rod formulation.
Moralization, protest and violence.

Online communication has become integral to modern political behaviour — to the extent that events online both reflect and influence actions offline. A study uses geolocated Twitter data to argue that moralization of protests leads to violent protests and increased support for violence.
Simulation studies of modulator for coherent electron cooling

Interaction of hadrons with electron beam in a modulator is an important part of coherent electron cooling (CeC), a novel cooling method for hadron beams. Being an untested technique, the CeC is undergoing a proof-of-principle test at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Simulation of this process for a realistic electron beam propagating through a realistic quadrupole beamline constitutes a very challenging problem. We successfully used the code space for these simulations and obtained accurate dependences of the modulation process on the position and velocity of ions. We obtained good numerical convergence of simulations and performed verification tests using theoretical predications available for a uniform infinite plasma with $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}2$ velocity distribution. In this paper, we describe simulation methods and results, and report our findings for the CeC modulator in the BNL experiment.
“Airpocalyse” and the China Smog Crisis: Examining Online and Offline Civic Engagement Motives, Attention and Actions

Air pollution is a leading concern in China, linked to one in three deaths. Given the rising prominence and importance of environmental protection in China and worldwide, this study investigates civic engagement related to air pollution by examining the associations between social network site (SNS) use, attention to the China smog crisis-related content on mobile Internet platforms, and motives for SNSs use. Results revealed that attention to the China smog crisis-related content on mobile Internet platforms was positively associated with participation in the China smog crisis, both on SNSs and on the ground. The combination of having a high need for recognition along with a low need for entertainment best predicted civic engagement, both on SNSs and offline. Furthermore, results indicated the importance of differentiating geography in the context of Chinese communication practices, as smogginess of location moderated the relationship between offline civic engagement and attitude toward SNS use.
Synthetic studies on aspirochlorine (A30641)

Abstract The main skeleton of Aspirochlorine is synthesized using a nucleophilic cycloaddition reaction of an acyclic hydroxamic ester.
The Prevalence of Penile Cancer in Patients With Adult Acquired Buried Penis.

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of penile cancer in patients with adult acquired buried penis (AABP). Penile cancer is a rare but aggressive cancer. Several case reports have recently been published that indicate that AABP may increase the risk of penile cancer. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was conducted of adults diagnosed with AABP and penile cancer between January, 2008 and December, 2018 seen at a tertiary referral center. Demographics including age, BMI, comorbidities, etiology of AABP, smoking history, circumcision status, and premalignant lesions (condyloma, lichen sclerosus [LS] carcinoma in situ [CIS]) were recorded. For patients with penile cancer, AJCC staging, grade, TNM staging and treatments were recorded. Basic descriptive statistics were performed for the overall cohort. We used Chi-square tests and Fisher exact tests to compare differences between patients with benign pathology and patients with malignant or pre-malignant pathology. Results We identified 150 patients with the diagnosis of AABP. The prevalence of penile squamous cell carcinoma was 7%. There was a 35% rate of premalignant lesions. This study is limited by its retrospective and single-institution nature. Conclusion AABP is a condition that incorporates multiple risk factors for penile cancer. The prevalence of penile cancer appears to be higher in patients with AABP; however, more data are needed to confirm these initial findings. Patients with AABP should be counseled on these risks and should be considered for buried penis repair if a physical examination cannot be performed.
TrojanSense, a participatory sensing framework for occupant-aware management of thermal comfort in campus buildings

Abstract This paper describes the development of TrojanSense, a participatory sensing framework developed to collect, analyze and report user assessments of thermal preference at the campus scale with room-level spatial resolution. TrojanSense was developed with the goal of supporting initiatives to improve campus community engagement on issues of occupant thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and equity in the environmental control of university buildings. TrojanSense is an open-loop system, where outcomes pairing thermal preference and concurrent indoor temperature measurements are analyzed and reported with room-level resolution on a Campus Thermal Preference Map to support building operators and to inform campus policies related to thermal comfort and energy efficiency. The TrojanSense framework integrates wireless Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) proximity beacons embedded in campus buildings to sense temperature and to automatically solicit occupant feedback using proximity-based prompts. Data from an exploratory pilot study are analyzed to examine the applicability of the approach for developing predictive models of thermal preference and for placing existing space conditioning assumptions in context with occupant feedback. Results demonstrate the potential for TrojanSense to identify overcooling using objective and subjective measures, increase the accuracy of predictions of thermal preference, and provide greater insight into the impact of outdoor weather on thermal preference to inform future climate-responsive control strategies.
Highly Reliable Multi-Port Smart Inverter Modules for PV-Based Energy Systems

Generally, large electrolytic capacitors (E-caps) are required to decouple the double-line frequency power fluctuation inherent in all single-phase dc-ac or ac-dc converters. These E-caps pose the weak link in the photovoltaic (PV) inverter because they have poor reliability as a result of short life expectancy and higher equivalent series resistance (ESR) which leads to lower system efficiency. In this paper, multiport smart dual-inverter modules are proposed for residential PV inverter systems with balanced outputs to eliminate the requirement of large decoupling capacitors, thus leading to more reliable and highly efficient inverter modules. The balanced dual outputs are controlled in phase quadrature such that the double frequency current is completely eliminated. One phase supports the standalone residential loads, and the other phase interfaces with the grid, which is synchronized to the utility grid. Also, the proposed modular configuration is scalable to accommodate higher power rating by stacking and paralleling multiple modules. Simulation results for the dual-inverter modules rated for 1 kW each are presented to validate the proposed concept. Experimental results from a controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) platform also verify its feasibility.
Eliciting student thinking about acid–base reactions via app and paper–pencil based problem solving

An understanding of acid–base reactions is necessary for success in chemistry courses and relevant to careers outside of chemistry, yet research has demonstrated that students often struggle with learning acid–base reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. One response to this challenge is the development of educational applications to support instruction and learning. The development of these supports also creates an opportunity to probe students’ thinking about organic chemistry reaction mechanisms using multiple modalities—i.e., using an app interface or the traditional paper–pencil. This study used think-aloud interviews conducted with undergraduate students in their first semester of organic chemistry to understand how they worked through two acid–base reactions using either paper–pencil or an app. Analysis of the interviews indicates that students from both groups recognize the steps of acid–base reactions, but do not always apply the underlying concepts, such as assessment of pKa values or resonance, when determining how a reaction will proceed. The modality seemed to somewhat influence students’ thinking, as the app prevented students from making chemically unreasonable mistakes. However, some students relied on the cues it provided, which could potentially be problematic when they are required to respond to assessments that do not provide these cues. Our results suggest that instructors should emphasize the conceptual grounding for the steps that govern acid–base reactions to promote chemical thinking about the relationships between the reaction components and how those influence reaction outcomes, as well as support students to think critically about the chemical information contained within the modalities they are using.
The Energy Climate Water Nexus: A Global Sustainability Impact Assessment of U.S. Manufacturing

This study assesses the global economic and environmental impacts of United States manufacturing industries over a 20-year period, covering the areas of economics, climate change, and water and ene...
The risk of respiratory tract infections and interstitial lung disease with interleukin 12/23 and interleukin 23 antagonists in patients with autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) secondary to interleukin (IL)-12/23 or IL-23 antagonists have been reported in autoimmune diseases. Objective To assess the risk of RTIs and non-infectious ILD with these drugs. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Risk of RTIs and non-infectious ILD was compared to placebo by Mantel-Haenszel (MH) risk difference (RD). We divided RTIs into upper RTIs (URTI), viral URTIs, and lower RTIs (LRTIs) including infectious pneumonia. Non-infectious ILD included ILD, eosinophilic pneumonia, and pneumonitis. Results We identified 54 RCTs including 10,907 patients with six IL-12/23 or IL-23 antagonists and 5,175 patients with placebo. These drugs significantly increased the risk of RTIs (MH RD 0.019, 95% confidence interval 0.005-0.033, P = 0.007) which was attributed to URTIs, but not viral URTIs or LRTIs. There was no significant difference in infectious pneumonia and non-infectious ILD between two groups. Limitations Due to the rarity of infectious pneumonia and ILD, sensitivity analysis was required. Conclusion The use of IL-12/23 or IL-23 antagonists for autoimmune diseases increased the risk of URTIs, but not viral URTIs, LRTIs, and non-infectious ILD.
SPARTA: A Laser Probing Approach for Trojan Detection

Integrated circuits (ICs) fabricated at untrusted foundries are vulnerable to hardware Trojan insertion. Trojans can be inserted into design files by modifying existing functionality or inserting additional circuitry into unused areas. Checking for the existence of Trojans either requires design-level modification or a complex test process. Unfortunately, the detection confidence using existing techniques is low, while they require a significant increase in verification effort, making them inapplicable to complex circuits due to aggressive time-to-market constraints. On the other hand, for a high confidence detection of Trojans, an exhaustive inspection may be required using destructive reverse-engineering techniques. However, such methods are quite expensive, render the device unusable, and are very time-consuming. In this work, we propose SPARTA, a non-destructive laser probing approach for Trojan detection, which detects sequential hardware Trojans by comparing clock activity within a fabricated IC with the original clock tree created in the design phase. SPARTA does not require any golden samples, but rather the golden design. SPARTA is based upon creating a 2-dimensional frequency map of the backside silicon using electro-optical frequency mapping (EOFM), which exposes the activity of clocked elements in the IC. The measurements are then compared with the expected sequential activity based on the original clock tree identified in the IC to detect all additions, subtractions, or modifications to sequential elements with sub-micron spatial resolution and its efficiency is demonstrated on a 28nm device.
Increased intestinal permeability in an orally-reactive peanut allergy model identifies Angiopoietin like-4 as a biomarker

Abstract Peanut allergy reaction severity correlates with increased intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) barrier permeability. CC027/GeniUnc mice develop peanut allergy by intragastric administration of peanut proteins without adjuvant. We report that peanut-allergic CC027/GeniUnc mice showed increased IEC barrier permeability and systemic peanut allergen Ara h 2 after challenge. Jejunal epithelial cell transcriptomics showed effects of peanut allergy on IEC proliferation, survival, and metabolism, and revealed IEC-predominant angiopoietin like-4 (Angptl4) as a unique feature of CC027/GeniUnc peanut allergy. CC027/GeniUnc mice and peanut-allergic pediatric patients demonstrated significantly higher serum Angptl4 and ANGPTL4 compared to control C3H/HeJ mice and non-peanut-allergic but atopic patients, respectively, highlighting its potential as a biomarker of peanut allergy.
Recovery-by-Learning: Restoring Autonomous Cyber-physical Systems from Sensor Attacks

Autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) are susceptible to non-invasive physical attacks such as sensor spoofing attacks that are beyond the classical cybersecurity domain. These attacks have motivated numerous research efforts on attack detection, but little attention on what to do after detecting an attack. The importance of attack recovery is emphasized by the need to mitigate the attack’s impact on a system and restore it to continue functioning. There are only a few works addressing attack recovery, but they all rely on prior knowledge of system dynamics. To overcome this limitation, we propose Recovery-by-Learning, a data-driven attack recovery framework that restores CPS from sensor attacks. The framework leverages natural redundancy among heterogeneous sensors and historical data for attack recovery. Specially, the framework consists of two major components: state predictor and data checkpointer. First, the predictor is triggered to estimate systems states after the detection of an attack. We propose a deep learning-based prediction model that exploits the temporal correlation among heterogeneous sensors. Second, the checkpointer executes when no attack is detected. We propose a double sliding window based checkpointing protocol to remove compromised data and keep trustful data as input to the state predictor. Third, we implement and evaluate the effectiveness of our framework using a realistic data set and a ground vehicle simulator. The results show that our method restores a system to continue functioning in presence of sensor attacks.
Studying Network Optimization in the Context of Self-Stabilization

Self-stabilization is a theoretical framework of nonmasking fault-tolerance for distributed networks. A self-stabilizing system is capable of tolerating any unexpected transient fault without outside intervention and, regardless of the initial state, it can converge to a legitimate global state, a predefined vector of local states, in finite time. Self-stabilization has rendered a good problem solving paradigm of networks over the last decade. In this paper, we survey the selfstabilizing solutions for various network optimization problems such as network flow, load balancing, load and resource distribution, routing, file distribution, shortest paths etc. The paper also summarizes some recent works presenting how the convergence of a selfstabilizing distributed network can be modelled as a convex optimization problem with the exploitation of an analogy between self-stabilizing systems and stable feedback systems. The works pertaining to gradient adaptation of self-stabilizing system are also presented.
The citizenship of the Baltic states

(1990). The citizenship of the Baltic states. Journal of Baltic Studies: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 3-26.
The Determinants of Shareholder Voting on Stock Option Plans

Over the past decade, executive compensation has become a controversial topic. Increasingly, corporate boards of directors are confronted by angry shareholder groups over the size and composition of executive pay packages. One of the most important focal points for these tensions arises when shareholders are asked by the board to approve the creation of new stock option plans, or the amendment of existing plans. This article seeks to identify the factors that lead shareholders to support or oppose stock option plans. We examine the justifications for the widespread use of stock options and identify several benefits from stock option plans as well as some of the criticisms leveled against the methods that boards have used to implement the plans. In addition, we conduct an empirical analysis of the determinants of shareholder voting on stock option plans in the 1998 proxy season. We examine the four companies in our sample in which shareholders defeated the plans and then perform a cross-sectional analysis of voting results on the entire sample of 637 proposals. Our principal finding is that while shareholders generally vote to approve stock option plans, shareholders are particularly sensitive to the potential dilution caused by the plans, whether that dilution is in terms of total company dilution or individual plan dilution. In addition, we find that several characteristics of the plans, such as option repricing, payments in restricted stock, and the provision of loans to executives for the purchase of shares appear to be the most significant factors leading to increased shareholder opposition.
The rising ground

Comment on Kopenawa, Davi and Bruce Albert. 2013. The falling sky: Words of a Yanomami shaman . Translated by Nicholas Elliott and Alison Dundy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Testing the AGN paradigm for our home galaxy

Although there are some flaws in each of the methods to constrain the black holemass, which are described in the above paper, all of them unambiguously indicate that the mass of a putative black hole at the Galactic center is much smaller than a widely quoted value, ∼106 M⊙. Possibly, the mass of the black hole, if any, does not exceed ∼102 M⊙ or so. Further work is needed in order to distinguish between such a modest‐mass black hole and its potential rival such as a very massive star of about the same mass. Anyway,the Galactic nucleus seems to be a tracer of a past star burst rather than a remnant of a Seyfert galaxy activity.
Physician Dissatisfaction in the United States: An Examination

This paper addresses several root causes of dissatisfaction with medical practice among American physicians, and suggests that some, but not all, are potentially remediable. Fixed assumptions about the nature of medical practice in the United States, developed over several decades, appear to be eroding. At the same time, increasing demands on physician time, especially involving low value documentation and administrative tasks are interfering with the physician-patient interaction. In addition, physician practice structure and payment methodologies are beginning to change in the United States leading to a sense of practice instability among physicians. Recent research conducted by the American Medical Association and the RAND Corporation has provided new qualitative and quantitative information about the impact of these trends on physician practices. An evaluation of these research findings indicates that some improvements in physician satisfaction are possible. Keywords: physician professionalism, practice satisfaction, electronic health records, health care reform in the U.S.
A non-rigid point and normal registration algorithm with applications to learning from demonstrations

Recent work [1], [2], [3] has shown promising results in learning from demonstrations for the manipulation of deformable objects. Their approach finds a non-rigid registration between points in the demonstration scene and points in the test scene. This registration is then extrapolated and applied to the gripper motions in the demonstration scene to obtain the gripper motions for the test scene. If more than one demonstration is available, a quality score for the non-rigid registration is used to determine the best matching training scene. For many manipulation tasks, however, the gripper's direction of approach with respect to the objects' surface normals is important in order to succeed at the task. This prior work only registers points across scenes and does not register the surface normals, often leading to warps between scenes that are inappropriate for transfer of manipulation primitives. The main contributions of this paper are (i) An algorithm for non-rigid registration that considers both points and normals, and (ii) An evaluation of this registration approach in the context of learning from demonstrations for robotic manipulation. Our experiments, which consider an insertion task in simulation and also knot-tying and towel-folding executions in a PR2, show that incorporating normals results in improved performance and qualitatively better grasps.
Solids flowability measurement and interpretation in industry

The science of soil mechanics was integrated with the related field of powder mechanics and reduced to industrial practice by Jenike in 1964. Since then, it has been possible for industry to reliably measure the flowability of powders and relate the measurements, in engineering units, to the design requirements for silo flow. However, Jenike's publication was neither the first effort to quantify flowability nor the last. New testing methods continue to be introduced, with varying degrees of success. In many cases, these alternative measurement methods are the result of an industrial necessity and reflect some shortcoming of the Jenike method. In other cases, they exist because the Jenike method is not known to the people involved or is not relevant to their problem. Business value can be derived from many different types of measurements. Many users of flowability data, especially for quality control purposes, do not have the skills, patience, or need to interpret the graphical results of shear cell testing. These graphs show unconfined yield strength, bulk density, wall friction, and internal friction angles as functions of major principal stress. Even the most unusual and difficult flowability situations can be quantified in most cases. There is almost always a way to make a meaningful measurement of the relevant properties, but some experimentation and judgment may be required. Prudent risk taking is required whenever one deviates from the established Jenike test methods.
A novel imaging system for tongue inspection

A digital imaging and modeling system is developed for tongue inspection, which has been an important diagnostic method of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The system includes image acquisition, color calibration, image segmentation, feature extraction and classification functions. The preliminary results show that the color and texture features are sensitive to the abnormal tongues.
The Paradox of Championships: Be Careful What You Wish For, Sports Fans

This paper examines issues related to the economic impact of sports championships on the local economy of host cities. While boosters frequently claim a large positive effect of such championships, a closer examination leads to the conclusion that the impact is likely much smaller than touted and may even be negative.
A prelude to neural networks: adaptive and learning systems

1. Elements of Pattern Recognition. 2. Statistical Pattern Recognition. 3. Algorithms for Pattern Recognition. 4. Applications of Pattern Recognition Technology. 5. Synthesis of Quasi-Optimal Switching Surfaces by Means of Training Techniques. 6. Gradient Identification for Linear Systems.
Initial electrification to the first lightning flash in New Mexico thunderstorms

The initial electrification of three New Mexico thunderstorms is examined using in situ and remote measurements. The earliest deflection of electric field (E) measured at the surface was 5–8.6 min before the first flash and coincident with the development of substantial radar reflectivity (40 dBZ) above −5°C. Rapid growth of surface E (>5 V/m/s) started 2.4–3.1 min before the first flash, when 40 dBZ reflectivities reached above the −15°C level. In two cases with clear surface E records, radar reflectivity indicators (40 dBZ echo through −10°C and echo top through −15°C) would yield longer warning times before the first flash than the E record. The first flash in each storm initiated at altitudes between 7.4 and 8.8 km; hence, the temperatures where the largest (negative) E for normal intracloud lightning initiation had developed during the initial electrification were −10°C to −20°C. Negative and positive charge regions associated with the first flash in each cell were centered at −8°C to −16°C (6.9–8.0 km) and −20°C to −24°C (9.0–9.2 km), respectively. In two cases, balloon data indicate the only substantial charge regions present before the first flash were those involved in the flash. Another case shows an initial period of opposite polarity E deflection at the surface coincident with substantial low-level positive charge within the cloud, although this charge was not involved in the first 8 min (first 17 flashes) of lightning activity. The findings support the notion that the initial electrification resulted from charging via the noninductive ice-ice collisional mechanism.
Clinical Presentation of Pediatric Chiari I Malformations

Clinical presentation of the Chiari I malformation varies with patient age, and children typically present with shorter symptom duration than adults. Symptoms and signs of Chiari I malformation in children are most often attributable to impairment of CSF flow, direct neural compression, and/or syringomyelia. Comparison of contemporary and older literature reveals a trend toward earlier diagnosis, prior to manifestation of significant neurologic morbidity. General availability and use of magnetic resonance imaging likely explains this dramatic shift. Occipital and/or cervical pain is the most common presentation, particularly if Valsalva-induced, followed by scoliosis, syringomyelia, and lower cranial nerve dysfunction. Headache not localized to the occipital/cervical region correlates poorly with Chiari I malformation. The natural history of asymptomatic children with Chiari I malformation (absent syringomyelia) appears benign. Surgical treatment should be reserved for patients with localized pain, syringomyelia, or cervicomedullary/cerebellar dysfunction.
Determinate branch development in Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae): the plagiotropic module

A B S T R A C T The development of the vegetative lateral branches in Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. was examined. The overall architecture conforms to Prevost's model and the branches are sympodial complexes of plagiotropic modules. Each module consists of two whorls of 6-1 1 foliage leaves and a whorl of four scale leaves. The apex is parenchymatized just distal to the scale leaves. Renewal branches grow from buds in the axils of the scale leaves. These large buds are initiated simultaneously with the scale leaves and "use up" a large portion of the original apex. Parenchymatization of the central region of the apex occurs after a period of lateral growth and development that separates and vascularizes the renewal branches. Branch extension occurs sympodially by substitution. More typical buds develop in the axils of the foliage leaves but grow out only in response to injury or pruning. They are smaller than the renewal buds and,
Assessment of Pharmacy Student Professionalism Across a Curriculum

Objectives. To evaluate changes in professionalism across the curriculum among pharmacy students in different classes. Methods. A professionalism instrument was administered early in the first (P1) year, upon completing the introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPE) near the end of the second (P2) year, and upon completing the advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE) at the end of the fourth (P4) year. Results. The professionalism scale and its subscales were compared for the 3 time points for the class of 2009. Significant differences were noted in professionalism scores between the P1 and P4 years and for altruism, accountability, and honor/integrity subscale scores for the class of 2009. No significant differences were noted when the scores for 4 P1 classes, and 3 P2 classes were compared. Conclusion. An increase in professionalism scores and altruism, accountability, and honor/integrity scores was demonstrated, providing evidence that the curricular and co-curricular activities in the scho...
d-Dimensional oscillating scalar field lumps and the dimensionality of space

Abstract Extremely long-lived, time-dependent, spatially-bound scalar field configurations are shown to exist in d spatial dimensions for a wide class of polynomial interactions parameterized as V ( ϕ ) = ∑ n = 1 h g n n ! ϕ n . Assuming spherical symmetry and if V ″ 0 for a range of values of ϕ ( t , r ) , such configurations exist if: (i) spatial dimensionality is below an upper-critical dimension d c ; (ii) their radii are above a certain value R min . Both d c and R min are uniquely determined by V ( ϕ ) . For example, symmetric double-well potentials only sustain such configurations if d ⩽ 6 and R 2 ⩾ d [ 3 ( 2 3 / 2 / 3 ) d − 2 ] − 1 / 2 . Asymmetries may modify the value of d c . All main analytical results are confirmed numerically. Such objects may offer novel ways to probe the dimensionality of space.
Why the elderly move. Cross-national comparisons.

A great deal of the recent work dealing with aspects of the migration behavior of older persons has considered only the situation for the case of a specific nation. One of the relatively unexplored aspects of elderly migration behavior is the extent to which cross-national similarities and differences may exist. This article is a first step in that direction by considering the cross-national pattern of differences and similarities in the factors that are held to be responsible for migration. An examination of data for nine countries (the United States, Australia, Belgium, Canada, West Germany, Hungary, Japan, the Netherlands, and Poland) suggests considerable similarities both in terms of individual characteristics and desires that lead to migration among the elderly (such as retirement and widowhood) and characteristics of places that serve either to repel or attract older persons (such as climate and amenities).
High-temperature series for random-anisotropy magnets

High-temperature series expansions for thermodynamic functions of random-anisotropy-axis models in the limit of infinite anisotropy are presented, for several choices of the number of spin components, m. In three spatial dimensions there is a divergence of the magnetic susceptibility ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{M}}$ for m=2. We find ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$/J=1.78\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 on the simple cubic lattice, and on the face-centered cubic lattice, we find ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$/J=4.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01. There is no divergence of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{M}}$ at finite temperature for m\ensuremath{\ge}3 on either lattice. We also give results for simple hypercubic lattices.
Measuring the Impact of Student Interaction With Student Affairs Professionals on Socially Responsible Leadership Development in the First Year of College

AbstractUsing longitudinal data from the Wabash National Study on Liberal Arts Education, this research explored the impact of students’ interactions with student affairs professionals on socially responsible leadership development during the first year of college. Overall, students’ interactions with student affairs professionals were associated positively with growth on all measures of socially responsible leadership. Implications for research and practice in higher education and student affairs are discussed.
Thermodynamics of the localized D2 D6 system

An exact fully-localized extremal supergravity solution for N2 D2-branes and N6 D6-branes, which is dual to 3-dimensional supersymmetric SU(N2) gauge theory with N6 fundamentals, was found by Cherkis and Hashimoto. In order to consider the thermal properties of the gauge theory we present the non-extremal extension of this solution to first order in an expansion near the core of the D6-branes. We compute the Hawking temperature and the black-brane horizon area/entropy. The leading-order entropy, which is proportional to N23/2N61/2TH2, is not corrected to first order in the expansion. This result is consistent with the analogous weak-coupling result at the correspondence point N2∼N6.
An African's Life: The Life And Times Of Olaudah Equiano, 1745 1797

Part 1 From Africa to slavery: Africa remembered slave ships and landfall. Part 2 Varieties of slavery: a slave at sea England, slaves and freedom West Indian slavery working for freedom freedom in the shadow of slavery. Part 3 An English life: seeking salvation all at sea again life in England. Part 4 Public figure: back to Africa the campaign against the slave trade the book black enlightenment. Part 5 Afterwards: decline and fall - and rediscovery.
Fish oils inhibit endothelial cell production of platelet-derived growth factor-like protein

Diets rich in fish and fish oils are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The interaction of a commercial fish oil extract (MaxEPA) with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) was studied as a possible mechanism for this protective effect. MaxEPA almost completely inhibited EC production of platelet-derived growth factor-like protein (PDGFc) while other lipids had a lesser effect or no effect. Overall protein synthesis was not reduced, nor was the inhibition due to defective secretion or increased degradation of the growth factor. Antioxidants suppressed the inhibitory activity of MaxEPA indicating that free radical oxidative processes were required for the inhibition. These results suggest that fish oils may suppress intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation by decreasing the production of EC-derived paracrine growth factors. This inhibitory process represents a possible molecular mechanism for the antiatherosclerotic action of marine lipids.
Different responses to auditory and somaesthetic stimulation in patients with an excessive startle: a report of pediatric experience.

Abstract Objectives : Children with cerebral injury often exhibit brief muscle contraction to a variety of stimuli. However, it remains to be determined whether or not the pattern of the reaction is stereotypical irrespective of the site stimulated. To answer this question, we studied electromyographic (EMG) responses to three types of stimuli in children. Methods : The EMG responses of cranial and limb muscles were recorded after acoustic or somaesthetic stimulation in 6 patients and 23 control subjects. Results : Acoustic stimuli evoked patterned motor activity with a rostrocaudal progression. Nose-tapping stimuli elicited reflex EMG activity in the VIIth cranial muscles that was similar to the R1 component of the electrical blink reflex. Sternum-tap stimuli evoked motor activity in the sternocleidomastoid and arm muscles, and this reflex was probably mediated through the cervical cord (H-reflex). Moreover, late reflexes were evoked following these early reflexes in the patients. In particular, atypical forms of myoclonic jerks were evoked on sternum-tap stimuli. Conclusions : Many types of primitive reflexes were evoked following three types of stimuli. These reflexes included startle reflex, trigeminomotor reflex, H-reflex and atypical forms of myoclonus, and they were enhanced in the patient group. There are many startle-mimicking reflexes.
Selective management of embolized intracardiac missiles

Intracardiac projectiles are occasionally found in stable patients who have sustained penetrating trauma. These missiles may arise from embolization from a peripheral injury site. We describe 3 patients with embolized intracardiac projectiles. The diagnosis was suggested by the presence of a foreign body within the cardiac silhouette on chest roentgenograms and was confirmed using fluoroscopy, echocardiography, or computed tomography. The management of embolized intracardiac missiles should be individualized to each patient. All of our patients had fixed intracavitary right-sided missiles and were successfully managed expectantly.
Corneal endothelial safety with the irradiation system for light-adjustable intraocular lenses.

Purpose To assess the safety to the corneal endothelium of the irradiation delivered through a system developed for noninvasive postoperative power adjustments of the Light Adjustable Lens (LAL) (Calhoun Vision). Setting John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Methods After anesthesia, 12 cats had a light beam of near ultraviolet light (365 nm), with an intensity of 250 mW/cm2, applied to the central 6.0 mm of the right cornea for 120 seconds. The cats were killed 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months after light application (3 cats/time point). Their corneas were then removed and evaluated for evidence of morphological damage to the corneal endothelial cells by staining with trypan blue and alizarin red and quantification with a digital imaging program (EPCO system). Results The overall size and shape of the corneal endothelial cells were qualitatively similar in irradiated and nonirradiated eyes. Four corneas in the irradiated group and 3 corneas in the control group had small areas of cell damage (staining with trypan blue) within the central 6.0 mm. These areas were generally close to corneal folds. The differences in damaged areas between both groups at each time point, as well as the difference considering the overall results in both groups, were not significant (P>.05). Conclusions Irradiation of cat corneas with the therapeutic dose used to lock in the power of the LAL was not associated with damage to endothelial cells. Further studies are necessary to confirm the absence of damage at the ultrastructural level.
Determinants of transnational new product development capability: testing the influence of transferring and deploying tacit overseas knowledge

Based on a survey of 90 transnational product introductions, we find that the transnational product development capabilities of organizations significantly depend upon their ability to transfer and deploy tacit knowledge concerning overseas markets. Specifically, we find that organizations which use cross-national teams, teams with members who have prior overseas experience, or teams whose members communicate frequently with overseas managers in order to acquire information about tacit differences among countries have greater transnational product development capabilities. This study contributes to our understanding of how organizations transfer and deploy knowledge across borders for competitive advantage and makes an important contribution to the literature on global strategy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individualized, Purposeful, and Persistent: Successful Transitions and Retention of Students at Risk

This article provides an overview of GED holders admitted into the Successful Transition and Retention Track (START) two-year pilot-project. An enhanced college-success course, career and mental-health counseling, and English and mathematics tutoring acclimated GED holders to college. Results suggest that postsecondary educational attainment of GED holders is enhanced through mentoring relationships with other successful GED holders and that insufficient financial resources are substantial deterrents to persistence in postsecondary education.
A Quasi-linear Kinetic Theory for Charged-Particle Transport in Two-dimensional Turbulence

There is growing evidence for the presence of a strong two-dimensional MHD turbulence component in the solar wind. The theory for energetic charged-particle transport and energization in such two-dimensional turbulence, however, is not well developed. In particular, the role of turbulent electric fields, generated by the turbulent convective motions of the two-dimensional magnetic field fluctuations, needs to be clarified. We present a new quasi-linear kinetic theory of super-Alfvenic charged-particle transport and energization in quasi-static homogeneous incompressible two-dimensional MHD turbulence, including the associated turbulent electric fields. We find for a nearly gyrotropic particle distribution that field-aligned turbulent electric fields are mainly responsible for causing particle pitch angle scattering and momentum diffusion. The new theory allows for efficient scattering through a 90° pitch angle whereby a long-standing problem in standard magnetostatic quasi-linear theory is addressed anew.
Monoclonal Antibody to Thy-1 Enhances Regeneration of Processes by Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells In Culture

Ganglion cells were dissociated from postnatal rat retinas, identified by specific fluorescent labels, and maintained in culture on a variety of substrates. Regeneration of processes by retinal ganglion cells was enhanced when the cells were plated on glass coated with a monoclonal antibody against the Thy-1 determinant. Plain glass and glass coated with polylysine, collagen, fibronectin, or other monoclonal antibodies supported the growth of neural processes, but were less effective than antibody to Thy-1.
A parametric study of a horizontal rotating fluidized bed using slotted and sintered metal cylindrical gas distributors

The pressure drop in a horizontal rotating fluidized bed was measured using slotted and sintered metal cylindrical gas distributors as a function of rotating speed, gas velocity and bed thickness. Experiments were conducted using polydisperse alumina particles and nearly monodisperse glass beads. The pressure drop for the slotted distributor exhibited a much larger pressure overshoot at incipient fluidization than the sintered metal distributor. This behavior was also studied using high-resolution photography. Physically consistent explanations are presented for the observed phenomena. The experimental results are compared to theoretical models available in the literature.