cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling Solidification-Induced Stress in Ceramic Waste Forms Containing Nuclear Wastes

The goal of this work is to produce a ceramic waste form that permanently occludes radioactive waste. This is accomplished by absorbing radioactive salts into zeolite, mixing with glass frit, heating to a molten state at915°C to form a sodalite glass matrix, and solidifying for long-term storage. Less long-term leaching is expected if the solidifying cooling rate does not cause cracking. In addition to thermal stress, this paper proposes a mathematical modelfor the stressformed during solidification, which is very large for fast cooling rates during solidification and can cause severe cracking. A solidifying glass or ceramic cylinder forms a dome on the cylinder top end. The temperature distribution during solidification causes the solidification stress and the dome resulting in an axial length deficit. The axial stress, determined by the length deficit, remains when the solid is at room temperature with the outer region in compression and the inner region in tension. Large tensions will cause cracking of the specimen. The temperature deficit, derived by dividing the length deficit by the coefficient of thermal expansion, allows solidification stress theory to be extended to the circumferential stress. This paper derives the solidification stress model, gives examples, explains how to induce beneficial stresses, and compares theory to experimental data.
Abstract 3101: Post-ischemic Development and Resolution of Infarct and Behavioral Deficits Induced by Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Middle-aged Rats: A Progesterone Dose-response Study

BACKGROUND: There is currently no safe, effective, widely applicable post-stroke treatment for ischemic stroke, especially when treatment is delayed beyond a few hours. Our group and others have shown progesterone (PROG) to be beneficial after brain injury in several injury models. A systematic pre-clinical PROG dose-response study in ischemic stroke models is lacking. Since focal pMCAO models better simulate the typical human stroke injury without reperfusion, our study sought to determine PROG9s dose-response effects on behavioral performance after pMCAO. We used a clinically relevant, middle-aged rat model and long-term sensory, motor, and cognitive outcome measures. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (12 months old) underwent pMCAO by electrocoagulation or sham operation. At 1h post-pMCAO, the animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of one of three doses of PROG (8, 16, or 32 mg/kg), followed by subcutaneous injections 6h post-injury and then once every 24h for the next 7 days. The dose was tapered over the final 2 treatments. Behavioral recovery was evaluated at repeated intervals for locomotor activity, grip strength, rotarod performance, sensory neglect, gait impairment and spatial navigation learning and memory. Rats were killed at 22 days post-stroke and brains perfused for evaluation of infarct volume. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA showed significant group ( F (4,88) = 17.15, p F (4,41) = 3.5, p F (4,164) = 2.6, p F (4,41) = 2.94, p F (4,41) = 14.63, p F (4, 40) =2.7, p F (3, 19) = 4.38, p CONCLUSION: All doses of PROG improved functional deficits in a clinically relevant model of stroke. The 8mg/kg dose was optimal in improving motor, sensory and memory function. PROG shows pre-clinical promise as a potential therapeutic agent and should be examined for safety and efficacy in a clinical trial for ischemic stroke.
Information Literacy: A Contradictory Coupling

Information literacy has established itself as an important subfield of librarianship. Yet although librarians justify information literacy as increasing democratic participation by all citizens, their efforts to improve "quality control" of information also threaten to restrict choice in systematic ways. This contradiction results in part from the genealogy of the terms "information" and "literacy," terms that share a relationship traceable to an Enlightenment ideology, namely, that reading could transform society by informing its people. But reading's power to transform was also a contested issue for groups seeking political and cultural ascendancy, and reading genres that initially challenged conventional thought evolved into those that buttressed it. In the process, some groups came to be defined as information "consumers" and simultaneously excluded from the role of information "producers." Strategies that can raise awareness of the assumptions underlying this legacy include critical analysis of lang...
Relationship between Chronic Periodontitis and Erectile Dysfunction: A Narrative Review

Objective. To conduct a descriptive literature review on research studies investigating the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods. Cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, randomized control trials, and animal studies up to July 2015 that studied the relationship between CP and ED were reviewed and reported. Data sources included PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov. The themes “periodontal disease” and “erectile dysfunction” and the role of periodontal therapy were identified and discussed throughout the narrative review. Results. After reviewing the literature, it was found that an association between CP and vasculogenic ED likely exists. Inflammation resulting from CP promotes endothelial dysfunction by increasing the systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Periodontal therapy attempts to decrease the release of TNF-α and could act to restore endothelial function, particularly in the penile vasculature. Conclusion. Although the literature reported a positive association between CP and ED, the studies were few and possess several methodological limitations. Large-scale cohort studies and confounder analysis are recommended. Dentists and physicians should collaborate to manage patients with either CP or ED because of their potential association not only with each other but also with other serious systemic comorbidities.
Economic Impacts of a California Tsunami

AbstractThe economic consequences of a tsunami scenario for Southern California are estimated using computable general equilibrium analysis. The economy is modeled as a set of interconnected supply chains interacting through markets but with explicit constraints stemming from property damage and business downtime. Economic impacts are measured by the reduction of Gross Domestic Product for Southern California, Rest of California, and U.S. economies. For California, total economic impacts represent the general equilibrium (essentially quantity and price multiplier) effects of lost production in industries upstream and downstream in the supply-chain of sectors that are directly impacted by port cargo disruptions at Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach (POLA/POLB), property damage along the coast, and evacuation of potentially inundated areas. These impacts are estimated to be $2.2 billion from port disruptions, $0.9 billion from property damages, and $2.8 billion from evacuations. Various economic-res...
The effect of radiation on hemopoiesis; is there an indirect effect?

1. The general aim of the investigations here reported has been to obtain evidence for or against "indirect" radiation effects. 2. To this end, twenty-six successful cross circulation experiments (carotid to carotid anastomoses) have been performed between normal cats and radiated cats. 3. Cross circulation was established in most instances at some specified time interval after the radiation of one partner. All intervals up to eighty-two hours after radiation of one partner were covered. 4. In seven experiments cross circulation was established and then one animal radiated while the other was shielded. These were considered the most critical experiments of the group. 5. Detailed data on leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in the normal animals obtained during an approximately twenty-eight day period of follow-up are presented. 6. These data are not considered to support the thesis of indirect effects peculiar to radiation. A trend toward slightly lowered absolute lymphocyte counts in normal animals after cross circulation was not considered significant, and in no instance did leukopenia develop in the normal animal. 7. The literature is reviewed and discussed. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Morey J. Wantman and the Division of Statistics for the statistical analyses and the valuable assistance of Miss Wilma Kujowski in translating the foreign literature.
Post-Weaning Performance of Steers from Varying Calving and Weaning Strategies in Montana

Abstract The impact of varied calving and weaning times on post-weaning production of steer calves was evaluated in a 3-yr study. Steers (approximately 12 steers per calving-weaning treatment per year) born in late winter or early spring were weaned at 190 or 240 d of age, and steers born in late spring were weaned at 140 or 190 d of age after grazing with their dams on native range. Steers were pen-fed a growing diet until approximately 375 kg BW. They were then moved to an individual feeding facility and fed a higher-energy diet. Steers were allotted to harvest dates based upon visual estimates of degree of fat cover. Mixed model procedures were used to evaluate fixed effects of treatment and random effects of year and year × treatment. Predefined contrasts were used to delineate treatment effects. Initial steer BW was affected by calving system and age at weaning. No treatment differences in ADG during the growing phase or ADG, feed intake, or feed efficiency during the finishing phase occurred. Steers averaged 537 ± 4 kg at harvest and age at harvest did not differ among treatments. Late winter steers had greater hot carcass weights, marbling scores, and quality grades than early spring steers. Calving later in the calendar year without altering weaning times produced younger calves at weaning with lighter BW at the start of the feeding period, which required greater number of days from weaning to harvest and produced carcasses with less marbling and lesser quality grades.
Juniper Seed: A Winter Food of Red Squirrels in Massachusetts

Red squirrels were found to feed heavily on the fruits of common juniper during the winter months of January, February and March. Only the seeds were eaten, the fleshy outer portions of the fruits being discarded to form conspicuous middens beneath the branches of the juniper. Some middens contained the remnants of several hundred fruits as well as numerous branchlets removed in the feeding process. Trails and tunnels in the snow furnished additional evidence of squirrel activity. Natural tunnels or passageways formed by the snow-covered branches of the juniper were used extensively by these mammals. This plant, therefore, not only serves as a source of winter food but also provides protective cover for other activities such as playing and possibly breeding.
Leveraging Synoptic, Moderate Resolution Imagery For USDA Forest Service Fire Management

In order to address the need for daily information regarding wildfire activity across large geographic areas to support wildfire assessment and management, the USDA Forest Service has implemented the use of synoptic view, high temporal resolution satellite sensors. In 2000, the USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC) began to investigate the utility of the imagery and derived products provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for daily fire detection and monitoring. The effort has since evolved into the USDA Forest Service MODIS Active Fire Mapping Program that supports Forest Service and interagency wildfire management at the regional and national levels. This paper describes the characteristics of the MODIS sensor flying onboard NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS) satellites Terra and Aqua and its utility for daily wildfire detection and mapping. Furthermore, discussion is provided on the systematic, operational approach developed through coordination between NASA, the MODIS fire and thermal anomalies product team and RSAC to process thermal and reflective image data to provide timely fire-related geospatial products. This collaborative approach serves as an operational model for future satellite instruments capable of fire detection and characterization.
RISK OF STROKE OR TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS WITH PERIPROCEDURAL DABIGATRAN IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATHETER ABLATION FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: EVIDENCE FROM A META-ANALYSIS OF OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES

Dabigatran is a novel oral anticoagulant and may be useful during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation for prevention of thromboembolic events, however the benefits and harms of periprocedural dabigatran have not been thoroughly evaluated. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and
Leadership Assessment from an Institutional Approach.

This chapter provides information about linking undergraduates’ leadership development assessment to institutional student learning outcomes illustrated by a case example at the University of Minnesota.
Frontal Lobe Function and Attention Deficits

The results of a psychological test battery administered to 54 clinic referred children aged 8 to 12 years with attention deficit disorders are reported from the Georgia Children's Center and the Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon.
Consumer Decision Making: A Model of Purposive Behavior

Fragmentation of existing knowledge of buyer behavior has resulted from a contribution of various propositions and atomistic theories from the social sciences. This paper reviews several of the major theories and arrives at an alternative model of purposive behavior which emphasizes self-sustaining behavior, psychological consistency, and socially adaptable behavior.
Pathogenetic Linkages between Gram Negative Septic Shock and the Cellular Initiation and Regulation of Coagulation

Gram negative sepsis elicits complex pathophysiologic responses which are often severe and include disseminated intravascular coagulation and disseminated intravascular microthrombosis (DIC) within the context of hypotension, leukopenia, and a set of profound tissue injury associated with general cytokine generation and frequent local accumulation and activation of leukocytes and all to common terminal occurrence of multiple organ failure and death. DIC is common, not always fully established in the clinical setting or fully analyzed, and can frequently progress to a shock state and frequent death (McKay, 1964; Hinshaw and Cox, 1972).
Prevalence and description of Ichthyophonus sp. in yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) from a seasonal survey on Georges Bank

Abstract Ichthyophonus sp. is a ubiquitous parasite infecting numerous fish species. Ichthyophonus sp. infection of yellowtail flounder ( Limanda ferruginea ) was first identified in Canadian waters in 1968. Between 2012 and 2014, fifteen seasonal survey cruises by Coonamessett Farm Foundation, randomly sampled a total of 1325 fish for at-sea examination at fixed stations on the U.S. Georges Bank sea scallop fishing grounds. A subsample of yellowtail flounders were examined internally on board the ship and animals with visible lesions were collected, processed, and examined histologically. Infected fish were concentrated in eastern Georges Bank with only two of the 32 infections collected from western Georges Bank. Both macroscopic and histological evaluation of tissues showed that 81.3% of the animals infected with Ichthyophonus sp. were severely infected.
Divalent copper complexes as influenza A M2 inhibitors

Abstract New M2 blockers effective against the ubiquitous amantadine-resistant S31N M2 mutation in influenza A are needed. Six copper complexes, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, and 10, were synthesized and found to block both wild type and S31N M2. Free Cu2+ also blocks M2 S31N but not S31N/H37A. The copper complexes do not block M2 H37A (either S31 or S31N). The complexes were effective against three influenza A strains in cell-culture assays, but less toxic to cells than CuCl2. For example 4, Cu(cyclooctylamineiminodiacetate), which was stable at pH > 4 in the buffers used, had an EC50 against A/Calif/07/2009 H1N1 of 0.7 ± 0.1 μM with a CC50 of 147 μM (therapeutic index, averaged over three strains, 67.8). In contrast, CuCl2 had an EC50 of 3.8 ± 0.9 μM and CC50 of 19 μM. Because M2 H37 is highly conserved, these complexes show promise for further testing as drugs against all strains of influenza A.
Techno-economic analysis of high-efficiency natural-gas generators for residential combined heat and power

Abstract Residential combined heat and power (CHP) systems produce electricity onsite while utilizing waste heat to supplement home heating requirements, which can lead to significant reductions in CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption. However, the current deployment of such CHP systems in the U.S. residential sector is extremely low primarily due to their high cost, short system life, and low system efficiency. Based on an analysis of average energy consumption of representative single-family homes in 10 U.S. cities across 7 different climate zones, it is concluded that there is no one-size-fits-all residential CHP system, but that a range of products are more likely to reflect consumer preferences. It is further identified via a systematic techno-economic analysis (TEA) that high-efficiency (e.g., 30–40% fuel to electricity), long-life (e.g., 15 years), low-cost (preferably less than U.S. $2,500 installed price), and low emissions are key requirements to enable widespread deployment of CHP systems in the U.S. residential sector. This article analyzes how the payback period would change for each city by varying nearly a dozen parameters and concludes with an evaluation on maximum market penetration based on a given set of parameters, and the resulting energy and emissions savings that can be practically achieved in some scenarios.
HELIOSPHERIC EVOLUTION OF THE HELIUM ISOTOPES

The isotopic ratio of 3He/4He, which is routinely measured in the solar wind, on meteorites and in different astrophysical environments, is confined to several times 10-4. However, in impulsive solar flares this ratio reaches often values larger than unity. The evolution of this ratio from the primordial nucleosynthesis to the present solar conditions is sketched and the resonant plasma effects which enhance spectacularly the abundance of 3He in the impulsive solar flares are described.
The Changing Role of School Leadership and Teacher Capacity Building in Teaching and Learning

The changing role of school leadership in today's global world and the challenging roles of the classroom teacher put a greater demand on teacher capacity building as the school's core business is teaching and learning. The accomplishment of educational goals and objectives depends highly on teachers who are the prime movers in the implementation of curriculum and teaching/learning. To ensure teacher success and desired learning outcomes thus creating effective schools, the school principal has an enormous responsibility as his role as organization manager/administrator focusing largely on technical aspects is changing globally towards greater instructional leadership. The principal therefore, has a big opportunity to develop teacher capacity to thrive in teaching/learning reformation and innovation to attain current educational demands. The purpose of this paper therefore, is to highlight and emphasize the absolute need for continuous learning and development of principals and teachers to effectively and efficiently fulfill their roles in schools. This will be especially beneficial to school administrators, professional teachers, students, and other stakeholders in Education and Human Resources Development
Choice and Explanation

This chapter discusses Roundsman’s approach to evaluating alternatives (step four of Fig. 1-1). Sections 5.1 through 5.9 present the conceptual basis of this step, a multiattribute model of choice and explanation. Section 5.10 describes the implementation of that model in Roundsman. The final section outlines key features of the model and summarizes its implementation in the Roundsman system.
Trophic and Tractional Retinal Degenerations

The disorders in this section have trophic (nutritional and/or vascular) and tractional components that play a major role in their pathogenesis (see Table 6.1).
Total neoadjuvant chemo (ctx; TNT) for locally advanced gastric cancer (GC): The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center experience.

4046Background: Peri-op chemo (ctx) and surgery is a standard in the treatment of GC, based on the MAGIC (NEJM 2006; 355:11) and FLOT4 (J Clin Oncol 35:4004 [abstr]) studies. However, less than hal...
Designing Dashboard for Campus Stakeholders to Support College Student Mental Health

Stakeholders, such as college campus administrators and clinicians, are committed to alleviating students' mental health concerns and the campus' mental health climate, but they suffer from a lack of timely and actionable information. Research has revealed that student personal data, such as self-tracking and social media data, can provide in-situ insights about students' mental health states. However, how they can support stakeholders' goals remains unexplored. We examine the potential of user-centered technology in addressing this challenge. We interview campus administrators and clinicians to understand their needs and current practices. Then through a paper prototype, we gather design suggestions for stakeholder-facing dashboards. We discuss three design implications revealed through our studies: that social media can be a potentially useful resource for understanding student mental health despite concerns of data reliability and interpretability; that the dashboards need to assuage stakeholders' concerns around bias and intelligibility of the visual presentations, which can become barriers to future adoption; and that ethical considerations, particularly securing privacy of student data, need to be salient in the design.
Response to Locke's Image of the World

This is a revised version of a paper presented at the APA Eastern Division's 115th annual meeting in New York on Monday January 07, 2019. It was presented at session 2O Author Meets Critics: Michael Jacovides, Locke’s Image of the World. The session chair was Antonia LoLordo (University of Virginia), the critics were Robert Pasnau (University of Colorado Boulder) and Kathryn Tabb (Columbia University), and the author was Michael Jacovides (Purdue University).
Holographic fiducial marks: A system for precise alignment of x-ray optics

This Letter covers the design and implementation of a generalizable system for the precise alignment of X-ray gratings. Next-generation high-energy grating-based Differential Phase Contrast (gDPC) X-ray imaging systems require precise alignment of the X-ray gratings as low as 1 mrad in rotation and 0.5 mm in translation. In this work, we designed holographic fiducial marks, consisting of four reflective Fresnel zone plates, each placed in a separate quadrant of the mark. When illuminated with a collimated laser beam, each mark creates a predefined pattern of four points, which changes quantitatively for any misalignment in each of the three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom. We fabricated the designed fiducial marks using photolithography and etching processes. The experimental system is implemented using a HeNe laser and an optical imaging system, which includes a beam expander, a plate beam splitter, and a CMOS camera, suitable for aligning practical gratings in gDPC X-ray imaging systems. Our experimental results demonstrate the rotational precision capabilities of the reported alignment system down to 0.42 mrad around the optical axis and 0.03 mrad around the axes perpendicular to the optical axis. The translational precision of 83.64 μ m along the optical axis and 1.22 μ m along the axes perpendicular to the optical axis is also demonstrated.This Letter covers the design and implementation of a generalizable system for the precise alignment of X-ray gratings. Next-generation high-energy grating-based Differential Phase Contrast (gDPC) X-ray imaging systems require precise alignment of the X-ray gratings as low as 1 mrad in rotation and 0.5 mm in translation. In this work, we designed holographic fiducial marks, consisting of four reflective Fresnel zone plates, each placed in a separate quadrant of the mark. When illuminated with a collimated laser beam, each mark creates a predefined pattern of four points, which changes quantitatively for any misalignment in each of the three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom. We fabricated the designed fiducial marks using photolithography and etching processes. The experimental system is implemented using a HeNe laser and an optical imaging system, which includes a beam expander, a plate beam splitter, and a CMOS camera, suitable for aligning practical gratings in gDPC X-ray ...
Time-dependent changes in kidney injury biomarkers in patients receiving multiple cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy.

Abstract Proteins secreted into urine following tubular injury are being increasingly used as biomarkers of clinical and subclinical nephrotoxicity. In the present study, we sought to characterize the time-dependent urinary excretion of three promising biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), calbindin, and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), during two different chemotherapy cycles in 27 patients with solid tumors prescribed the anticancer drug cisplatin (≥25 mg/m2). Urinary biomarkers were evaluated at Days 3 and 10 during an initial and a subsequent cycle of cisplatin chemotherapy. Longitudinal analyses compared the mean difference estimations for biomarker concentrations during and across the initial and subsequent cycles of cisplatin treatment. Traditional biomarkers including serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and blood urea nitrogen were unchanged during and across both cycles of cisplatin therapy. In response to the initial cycle, urinary KIM-1 concentrations increased from baseline and remained elevated through a subsequent cycle of cisplatin chemotherapy. By comparison, urinary levels of calbindin were elevated 10 days after the initial cisplatin treatment, but largely unchanged by cisplatin exposure in a subsequent cycle. Early elevations in urinary TFF3 at 3 days after cisplatin administration were observed consistently in both the initial and subsequent cycle of cisplatin treatment. In conclusion, the longitudinal assessment of biomarker performance in the same cohort of oncology patients reveals different patterns of urinary excretion between initial and subsequent cycles of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. These data add novel cycle-dependent insight to the growing literature addressing the ability of urinary biomarkers to detect subclinical renal injury in patients receiving cisplatin.
As implicações e o respaldo da obra de Rousseau na educação

Esse artigo resulta de um exercicio hermeneutico inspirado na obra Emilio ou da Educacao , de Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1762), reconhecidamente um expoente da pedagogia moderna. Propomos aqui uma reflexao sobre a perspectiva pedagogica visionaria de Rousseau voltada a valorizacao da liberdade da crianca no mundo educativo, tendo em vista os saberes e potencialidades do pensamento pedagogico a formacao criativa mais ampla. Para isso, elegemos como dispositivo de analise as principais ideias defendidas por Rousseau, para examinar as implicacoes em diferentes abordagens de educacao baseadas em praticas que potencializam as faculdades humanas naturais, no sentido de compreender as complexidades da infância no presente.
Machine Learning-Enabled Design of Point Defects in 2D Materials for Quantum and Neuromorphic Information Processing.

Engineered point defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials offer an attractive platform for solid-state devices that exploit tailored optoelectronic, quantum emission, and resistive properties. Nat...
Transcending Institutional Critique: Pepón Osorio’s Scene of The Crime (Whose Crime?) (1993)

espanolComo parte de la polemica Bienal del Whitney Museum de 1993, el artista puertorriqueno Pepon Osorio recreo el interior de una casa neoyorquina en su obra Scene of the Crime (Whose Chrime?). El presente articulo se propone analizar la dimension critica de la instalacion para argumentar que esta va mas alla de la mera critica institucional. Para ello, me centrare en primer lugar en la particular disrupcion en el espacio del museo llevada a cabo por el artista. Por otro lado, analizare su intencionado uso del kitsch como gesto de resistencia cultural: a traves de la exacerbada acumulacion de objetos e imagenes, la obra de Osorio pone en tela de juicio los sistemas convencionales de visibilidad que operan en el ambito institucional. EnglishAs part of the controversial 1993 Whitney Biennial, Puerto Rican artist Pepon Osorio recreated the interior of a Nuyorican home in his work Scene of the Crime (Whose Crime?). This paper aims to unpack the installation’s critical dimension, to argue that it goes beyond the mere institutional critique. To that end, I will first examine the particular disruption of the aseptic museum’s space prompted by Osorio’s installation. Secondly, I will analyze the artist’s intentional use of Kitsch as a gesture of cultural resistance: through the exaggerated accumulation of objects and imageries, Osorio deftly called into question the conventional systems of visibility that operate within the institutional realm.
The French welfare state revisited: the puzzling politics of mental health policy

The logic of French mental health policy—which already stands out against that of other countries—also appears at odds with the usual logic of French social policy. “La sectorisation psychiatrique” rejected the liberalism prominent in the rest of the health system, adopted Beveridgean principles decades in advance of other policy areas, and began to centralize precisely during the period of deconcentration. This article explains these puzzles by pointing to the role of public sector trade unions. Archival sources document how the historical advocacy of unions representing public psychiatric workers shaped public policy in mental health. Examining their political activity can revise standard interpretations of the French welfare state and illuminate a generalizable theoretical relationship for comparative analysis.
Beta-blockers have no impact on survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prior to cancer diagnosis

Previous studies have suggested that β-adrenergic signaling may regulate the growth of various cancers. The aim of our study is to investigate the association between the incidental use of beta-blockers for various conditions on the overall survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients with histologically-confirmed PDAC between 2007 and 2011 were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (SEER)-Medicare linked database. Kaplan Meier and multivariable Cox Proportional-Hazard models were used to examine the association between beta-blocker usage before diagnosis and overall survival adjusting for appropriate confounders. As an additional analysis we also examined continuous beta-blocker use before and after diagnosis. From 2007 to 2011, 13,731 patients were diagnosed with PDAC. Of these, 7130 patients had Medicare Part D coverage in the 6-month period before diagnosis, with 2564 (36%) of these patients using beta-blockers in this period. Patients receiving beta-blockers had a mean survival time of 5.1 months compared to 6 months for non-users (p 0.05). After stratification by receptor selectivity, this lack of association with survival persisted (p > 0.05 for all). As a subgroup analysis, looking at patients with continuous Medicare Part D coverage who used beta-blockers in the 6-month period before and after cancer diagnosis, we identified 7085 patients, of which 1750 (24.7%) had continuous beta blocker use. In multivariable analysis, continuous beta-blockers usage was associated with improved survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.86, 95%, Confidence Interval (CI) 0.8-0.9, p < 0.01). Beta-blocker usage before diagnosis does not confer a survival advantage in patients with PDAC, though continuous use before and after diagnosis did confer a survival advantage. Prospective studies into the mechanism for this advantage are needed.
Three-Dimensional Dynamic Modelling and Validation for Vibration of a Beam-Cable System

In order to understand and to predict cable effects on structures, three-dimensional numerical models for a stranded cable and a beam–cable system consisting of a cantilever beam and two connected ...
Nonopioid Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain.

What are the effects of nonopioid drugs on pain, function, and quality of life in patients with specific types of chronic pain, and what are the adverse events related to these drugs?
Cutaneous Manifestations of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a significant worldwide health concern and cutaneous manifestations are common. This review describes characteristic skin findings of diabetes, general skin findings related to diabetes, and findings related to diabetes treatment with a focus on clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus likely will be encountered more frequently by physicians in all disciplines including dermatologists and primary care physicians. Accordingly, knowledge regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and management of cutaneous manifestations is an important aspect in the care of patients with diabetes.
The perils of pillow talk with the other doctor in your life

Being a doctor in a relationship with another doctor has its perks—but also its pitfalls. Jessica Powell explores how to navigate them
NAX: Co-Designing Neural Network and Hardware Architecture for Memristive Xbar based Computing Systems.

In-Memory Computing (IMC) hardware using Memristive Crossbar Arrays (MCAs) are gaining popularity to accelerate Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) since it alleviates the "memory wall" problem associated with von-Neumann architecture. The hardware efficiency (energy, latency and area) as well as application accuracy (considering device and circuit non-idealities) of DNNs mapped to such hardware are co-dependent on network parameters, such as kernel size, depth etc. and hardware architecture parameters such as crossbar size. However, co-optimization of both network and hardware parameters presents a challenging search space comprising of different kernel sizes mapped to varying crossbar sizes. To that effect, we propose NAX -- an efficient neural architecture search engine that co-designs neural network and IMC based hardware architecture. NAX explores the aforementioned search space to determine kernel and corresponding crossbar sizes for each DNN layer to achieve optimal tradeoffs between hardware efficiency and application accuracy. Our results from NAX show that the networks have heterogeneous crossbar sizes across different network layers, and achieves optimal hardware efficiency and accuracy considering the non-idealities in crossbars. On CIFAR-10 and Tiny ImageNet, our models achieve 0.8%, 0.2% higher accuracy, and 17%, 4% lower EDAP (energy-delay-area product) compared to a baseline ResNet-20 and ResNet-18 models, respectively.
Increased inhibitory activity in the basolateral amygdala and decreased anxiety during estrus: A potential role for ASIC1a channels

Abstract The amygdala is central to emotional behavior, and the excitability level of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) is associated with the level of anxiety. The excitability of neuronal networks is significantly controlled by GABAergic inhibition. Here, we investigated whether GABAergic inhibition in the BLA is altered during the rat estrous cycle. In rat amygdala slices, most principal BLA neurons display spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) in the form of “bursts” of inhibitory currents, occurring rhythmically at a frequency of about 0.5 Hz. The percentage of BLA neurons displaying sIPSC bursts, along with the inhibitory charge transferred by sIPSCs and the frequency of sIPSC bursts, were significantly increased during the estrus phase; increased inhibition was accompanied by reduced anxiety in the open field, the light–dark box, and the acoustic startle response tests. sIPSC bursts were blocked by ibuprofen, an antagonist of acid-sensing-1a channels (ASIC1a), whose activity is known to increase by decreasing temperature. A transient reduction in the temperature of the slice medium, strengthened the sIPSCs bursts; this effect was blocked in the presence of ibuprofen. Further analysis of the sIPSC bursts during estrus showed significantly stronger rhythmic inhibitory activity in early estrus, when body temperature drops, compared with late estrus. To the extent that these results may relate to humans, it is suggested that “a calmer amygdala” due to increased inhibitory activity may underlie the positive affect in women around ovulation time. ASIC1a may contribute to increased inhibition, with their activity facilitated by the body-temperature drop preceding ovulation.
Constrained density functional theory plus the Hubbard U correction approach for the electronic polaron mobility: A case study of TiO2†

The formation and migration of polarons have important influences on physical and chemical properties of transition metal oxides. Density functional theory plus the Hubbard U correction (DFT+U) and constrained density functional theory (cDFT) are often used to obtain the transfer properties for small polarons. In this work we have implemented the cDFT plus the Hubbard U correction method in the projector augmented wave (PAW) framework, and applied it to study polaron transfer in the bulk phases of TiO2. We have confirmed that the parameter U can have significant impact on theoretical prediction of polaronic properties. It was found that using the Hubbard U calculated by the cDFT method with the same orbital projection as used in DFT+U, one can obtain theoretical prediction of polaronic properties of rutile and anatase phases of TiO2 in good agreement with experiment. This work indicates that the cDFT+U method with consistently evaluated U is a promising first-principles approach to polaronic properties of transition metal oxides without empirical input.
Circadian Regulation of Vertebrate Photoreceptors

Even though ambient light intensity can be as much as 12 orders of magnitude greater during the day than during the night, visual systems can detect contrasts in the face of these enormous changes in background illumination. Some of this behavior can be attributed to acute adaptive phenomena, but it is now clear that circadian oscillators also play an important role in regulating photoreceptor responses to large daily changes in ambient illumination (reviewed by Cahill and Besharse, 1995).
Sequence comparison and statistical significance in molecular biology

Sequence comparison problems in molecular biology are briefly reviewed. Sequences are optimally aligned allowing for substitutions, insertions, and deletions. Dynamic programming algorithms solving these problems will be presented. So-called local algorithms finding best matching intervals between two sequences are best suited for database searches. A Poisson approximation method for rapid and accurate assignment of statistical significance will be presented.
Metal requirements of alkaline phosphatases of human and rabbit leukocytes.

SummaryEDTA inhibits alkaline phosphatase activity of the human leukocyte. The rabbit leukocyte is, however, not so affected. There seem to be 2 alkaline phosphatases in the human leukocytes: one requiring magnesium and the other zinc for its activation.
Sedation for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Procedures

There is no single sedative or combined sedation regimen that has been identified as ideal for pediatric gastrointestinal (GI) procedures. General anesthesia and intravenous (IV) sedation remain the two primary options. General anesthesia requires the presence and expertise of an anesthesiologist or Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, and may involve inhalational or intravenous anesthetics. IV sedation is aimed at maintaining the child’s ability to breathe spontaneously with intact protective airway reflexes. Depending on the targeted and achieved depth of sedation, it may be administered by a physician or nurse, in the absence of an anesthesiologist.
A Review of “Ubiquitous Learning”: edited by Bill Cope and Mary Kalantzis. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009. 296 pp. $70.00 hardcover/$25.00 paper. ISBN 978-0-252–03496-1 (hardcover)/ 978-0-252-07680-0 (paper).

Ask a typical teenager what he did at school today, and you’re lucky to get a response beyond “nothing,” or perhaps, “there was a food fight at lunch.” Ask what that teenager learned at school toda...
Complement regulator CD46: genetic variants and disease associations

Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) is an ubiquitously expressed complement regulatory protein that protects host cells from injury by complement. This type-I membrane glycoprotein serves as a cofactor for the serine protease factor I to mediate inactivation of C3b and C4b deposited on host cells. More than 60 disease-associated mutations in MCP have now been identified. The majority of the mutations are linked to a rare thrombotic microangiopathic-based disease, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), but new putative links to systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, and pregnancy-related disorders among others have also been identified. This review summarizes our current knowledge of disease-associated mutations in this complement inhibitor.
SiGe HBT performance and reliability trends through f/sub T/ of 350 GHz

We discuss the SiGe HBT structural changes required for very high performance. The increase in collector concentration, affecting current density and avalanche current, appears to be the most fundamental concern for reliability. In device design, a narrow emitter and reduced poly-single-crystal interfacial oxide are important elements in minimizing device parameter shifts. From the application point of view, avalanche hot-carriers appear to present new constraints, which may be managed through limiting voltage (to 1.5/spl times/-2/spl times/ BV/sub CEO/), or through circuit designs robust to base current parameter shifts.
Ribonuclease H: the enzymes in Eukaryotes

Ribonucleases H are enzymes that cleave the RNA of RNA/DNA hybrids that form during replication and repair and which could lead to DNA instability if they were not processed. There are two main types of RNase H, and at least one of them is present in most organisms. Eukaryotic RNases H are larger and more complex than their prokaryotic counterparts. Eukaryotic RNase H1 has acquired a hybrid binding domain that confers processivity and affinity for the substrate, whereas eukaryotic RNase H2 is composed of three different proteins: the catalytic subunit (2A), similar to the monomeric prokaryotic RNase HII, and two other subunits (2B and 2C) that have no prokaryotic counterparts and as yet unknown functions, but that are necessary for catalysis. In this minireview, we discuss some of the most recent findings on eukaryotic RNases H1 and H2, focusing on the structural data on complexes between human RNase H1 and RNA/DNA hybrids that had provided great detail of how the hybrid binding- and RNase H-domains recognize and cleave the RNA strand of the hybrid substrates. We also describe the progress made in understanding the in vivo function of eukaryotic RNases H. Although prokayotes and some single-cell eukaryotes do not require RNases H for viability, in higher eukaryotes RNases H are essential. Rnaseh1 null mice arrest development around E8.5 because RNase H1 is necessary during embryogenesis for mitochondrial DNA replication. Mutations in any of the three subunits of human RNase H2 cause Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, a human neurological disorder with devastating consequences.
Meta Updater: an interactive tool for minimal view updates in knowledge bases

Presents the design of an interactive tool for minimal updates of views in knowledge bases, while maintaining the consistency, expressed by a set of integrity constraints. Minimality is based on a partial order which captures the distance between the old state, before the update request, and the new state, in which the request is satisfied. On the user interface part, once the schema and the database are selected from the initial menu, the system automatically generates the selection menus and communication boxes to guide the user through the update.
Memoirs: Contributions to a Knowledge of British Marine Turbellaria

1. British marine Turbellaria, as at present known, include about fifty-seven species of Rhabdocœlida, twelve of Polycladida, and two Tricladida, making a total of seventy-one species. The numbers represent the examination of a limited extent of our coast (Millport, St. Andrews, Skye, the Isle of Man, Plymouth, and Channel Islands) during about three months of the year (July to September). 2. The following twenty-eight species are added to the British fauna in the present paper. POLYCLADIDA : Cycloporus papillosus, Lang. ACŒLA : Proporus venenosus (O. Sch.). Monoporus rubropunctatus (O. Sch.). Aphanostoma elegans, Jensen. RHABDOCŒLA : Promesostoma ovoideum (O. Sch.). " solea (O. Sch.). " agile (Lev.). " lenticulatum (O. Sch.). Byrsophlebs Graffi, Jensen. Mesostoma neapolitanum, v. Graff. Hyporhynchus armatus (Jensen). ? " penicillatus, (O. Sch.). Provortex rubrobacillus, n. sp. ALLŒOCŒLA : Plagiostoma dioicum, Metschnff. " sulphureum, v. Graff. " Girardi (O. Sch.). " pseudomaculatutn, n. sp. " sagitta (Vlj.). " elongatum, n. sp. " caudatum, Lev. " (?) siphonophorum (O. Sch.). Vorticeros luteum, v. Graff. Cylindrostoma inerme, Halley. " elongatum, Lev. Monoophorum striatum (v. Graff). Monotus albus, Lev. Automolus horridus, n. sp. " ? ophiocephalus (O. Sch.). 3. The relations of the Turbellarian fauna of our coasts with that of neighbouring seas cannot be determined with certainty until more extended observations are recorded than we possess at present. Mediterranean and Adriatic forms occur on our south-western stations (Plymouth, &c.). Thus seven Polyclads and sixteen Rhabdocœles (33 per cent, of our fauna) are common to Naples, Trieste, and Plymouth. A large proportion (about 70 per cent.) of Scandinavian forms occur on our coast.