cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A non-statistical dissertation about hypnotizability scales and clinical goals: Comparison with individualized induction and deepening procedures

Abstract Researchers and theoreticians in the field of hypnosis have insisted for some time that reports of clinical applications of hypnosis should include the patients' classification based on their responses to standardized hypnotizability scales. Accordingly, clinical scales (Barber & Wilson, 1978/79; Cooper & London, 1979; J.R. Hilgard & E.R. Hilgard, 1979; Morgan & J.R. Hilgard, 1979; Wilson & Barber, 1978) have been developed or adapted from pre-existing standardized scales. For the same purpose, the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) of Spiegel (1978). which claims reliability in classifying patients according to hypnotizability and psychopathology, has been developed and utilized. Additionally, tailored scales which include specific qualitative items have been proposed (E.R. Hilgard, Crawford, P. Bowers, & Kihlstrom, 1979). According to a few clinical investigators (Frankel, Apfel, Kelly, Benson, Quinn, Newmark, & Malmaud, 1979) no disadvantage does ensue from routinely subjecting patients to hypno...
Measurement of stable isotopic enrichment of underivatized acetate by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Application to in vivo estimation of acetate production

In order to assess endogenous and colonic production of acetate, we have developed an assay for determining the isotopic enrichment of plasma acetate using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Acidified, deproteinized plasma (200 microliters) was extracted into ethyl ether, and the ether phase was then injected into a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer fitted with a 30 m x 0.252 mm i.d. capillary column (temperature program 50-245 degrees C at 10 degrees C min-1). Using electron impact GC/MS and selected ion monitoring, peak areas of ions with m/z 60 and 61 (M + 1) were determined. Triplicate extractions of enriched plasma samples (mol.% excess 1.38-1.5%) resulted in a coefficient of variation of 1.6-5.9%. Unenriched plasma samples were found to have an enrichment close to theoretical natural abundance, and analysis of our (1-13C)acetate tracer (99 at.% excess) revealed an ion at m/z 61 and no ion at m/z 60. To verify accuracy, we conducted an in vivo isotope dilution study. In a 1-month-old piglet, fasted for 24 h, changing the rate of a 4 h infusion (mmol h-1) of (1-13C)acetate from 0.141 to 0.282 doubled the isotope enrichment (2.08 x) of the second plateau. The rate of appearance of acetate was 26.0 mumols kg-1 min-1, which is comparable to that reported in fasting sheep.
Characterization of progesterone-3-[125I-BSA] binding sites in the medial preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus

In this study we utilized radiolabeled progesterone (P) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at position 3 (P-3-[125I-BSA]) to examine steroid receptors in membrane fractions from the medial preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (MPOA-AH) of ovariectomized (OVXed) rats. In the MPOA-AH binding of P-3-[125I-BSA] was linear across a tissue concentration range of 0.005 to 0.02 mg protein/0.1 ml of membrane suspension. Kinetic experiments revealed an association t(1/2) of 51.4 min and a dissociation t(1/2) of 122.5 min for P-3-[125I-BSA] at 0 degrees C. Analysis of data from competition binding experiments using P-3-BSA revealed high- and low-affinity binding sites in the MPOA-AH. Involvement of MPOA-AH binding sites with a G-protein was suggested by a reduction of P-3-[125I-BSA] binding in the presence of the non-hydrolyzable GTP analog GTPgammaS but not ATPgammaS. In addition, if homogenates from the MPOA-AH were preincubated with 10(-5) M of the G-protein antagonist cholera toxin for 30 min at 37 degrees C, competition binding data indicated only high-affinity binding sites. Once daily injections of OVXed rats with 4 mg P for 12 days significantly increased the density of P-3-[125I-BSA] binding sites in the MPOA-AH. This treatment did not affect P-3-[125I-BSA] binding in the dorsal tectum, medial basal hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area or the thymus.
A simple and inexpensive transducer for quantitative measurements of penile erection during sleep

The construction of a mercury strain-gauge transducer for measuring penile erection and scoring rules for tumescence episodes are described. The gauge device has been found to be cheap, reliable, and easy to construct. It is capable of transducing changes in circumference in the penis of adults and infants, the clitoris of congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients, and the nipples of adult females.
High-Resolution Doppler Imager: instrument performance in orbit since late 1991

The high resolution doppler imager (HRDI) on the upper atmosphere research satellite has been providing measurements of the wind field in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere since November 1991. Mesospheric temperatures, ozone and O( 1 D), as well as stratospheric aerosol extinctions, are also recovered. The instrument characteristics have been carefully monitored during the nearly five years of operation. The instrument thermal and long-term drifts can be removed from the data, and wind biases are less than about 2 m/s. The interferometer sensitivity has varied by about 3 percent, most likely due to changes in the parallelism of one of the etalons. There is not indication that either the radiator or thermal blankets have shown any significant degradation. Recently, the azimuth slew rate of the telescope has displayed some variation, which may indicate an increase of bearing friction.
Prose and Poetry in the Mythic and Epic Texts from Ugarit

I. The myths and epics of Ugarit are composed in poetic formulae and patterns which reveal original oral composition. Parallelistic structure derives, originally at least, from the techniques of orally composed poetry, and the use of traditional formulae including parallelistic pairs has been well established in Ugaritic and Early Hebrew poetry. Usually the formulaic structure gives an extreme symmetry or regularity to Ugaritic verse.
The Bracero program under the farm security administration 1942–1943

(1962). The Bracero program under the farm security administration 1942–1943. Labor History: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 149-168.
RQL: global placement via relaxed quadratic spreading and linearization

This paper describes a simple and effective quadratic placement algorithm called RQL. We show that a good quadratic placement, followed by local wirelength-driven spreading can produce excellent results on large-scale industrial ASIC designs. As opposed to the current top performing academic placers [4, 7, 11], RQL does not embed a linearization technique within the solver. Instead, it only requires a simpler, pure quadratic objective function in the spirit of [8, 10, 23]. Experimental results show that RQL outperforms all available academic placers on the ISPD-2005 placement contest benchmarks. In particular, RQL obtains an average wire-length improvement of 2.8%, 3.2%, 5.4%, 8.5%, and 14.6% versus mPL6 [5], NTUPlace3 [7], Kraftwerk [20], APlace2.0 [11], and Capo10.2 [18], respectively. In addition, RQL is three, seven, and ten times faster than mpL6, Capo10.2, and APlace2.0, respectively. On the ISPD-2006 placement contest benchmarks, on average, RQL obtains the best scaled wirelength among all available academic placers.
Chromosomes ofSpermophilus adocetus (Mammalia; Sciuridae), with comments on the subgeneric affinities of the species

En este trabajo se encontro que el cariotipo deSpermophilus adocetus esta compuesto de 32 cromosomas que queden dividirse en 14 autosomas metacentricos, 16 autosomas submetacentricos, un cromosomax grande metacentrico, y un cromosomaY pequeno acrocentrico.Spermophilus adocetus esta en la actualidad colocado en el subgeneroOtospermophilus pero su cariotipo indica una relacion con el subgeneroIctidomys o posiblemente con el subgeneroSpermophilus.
The Double Standard of Praise and Criticism for Mothers and Fathers

Praise and criticism reported by parents was examined to investigate the double standard of parenting for men and women. Transcripts from interviews with parents were coded for the types of praise and criticism reported. Repeated-measures categorical analyses confirmed double standards of both praise and criticism. Mothers reported being criticized more than fathers did for too little involvement at home or too much involvement in paid work. Fathers reported being criticized more than mothers were, for too much involvement at home or too little in paid work. Fathers, particularly equal sharers, reported more praise than mothers for involvement in parenting, whereas mothers reported more praise than fathers for successfully combining family and work. Women also reported receiving both more praise and more criticism about their husbands than their husbands reported about them. Double standards of both praise and criticism were discussed in terms of their potential to discourage nontraditional family life.
Stability of three-dimensional boundary layers

The computational modeling of the transition process characteristic of flows over swept wings is discussed. Specifically, the crossflow instability and crossflow/Tollmien-Schlichting wave interactions are analyzed through the numerical solution of the full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations including unsteadiness, curvature, and sweep. This approach is chosen because of the complexity of the problem and because it appears that regular stability theory is insufficient to explain the discrepancies between experiments and between theory and experiment. The leading edge region of a swept wing will be considered in a three-dimensional spatial simulation with random disturbances as the initial conditions.
Adolescent Motherhood among Low-Income Urban Hispanics: Familial Considerations of Mother-Daughter Dyads

A family systems perspective was used to investigate adolescent motherhood among low-income Hispanic families living in high-crime areas. The study focused primarily on the mother-daughter relationship. A semistructured interview was administered separately to mother and daughter in 11 mother-daughter dyads. Using open and axial coding of the data, a grounded theory of adolescent motherhood emerged. The study identified adolescent motherhood as an attempt to restore a sense of stability and balance not only to the life of the teenager but also to that of her mother. The finding that participants became more dependent on and were more supervised by their mothers after their pregnancies raised some paradoxical questions concerning the issue of separation and individuation.
Television broadcasting in Italy

With the rapidly‐changing picture of broadcasting in the United States, it is sometimes overlooked that foreign nations are undergoing equally revolutionary changes, especially since the advent of television. In this article, Dr. Frank Iezzi summarizes the progress of television in Italy, and itemizes some interesting facts as to programming and the television audience.
Production of a Monoclonal Antibody against Canine GMP-140 (P-Selectin) and Studies of Its Vascular Distribution in Canine Tissues:

Rapid upregulation of the adhesion molecule GMP-140 (P-selectin) on endothelial cells is believed to play an important role in the initial binding of leukocytes to endothelium, a very early step in the inflammatory response. Activated platelets that are involved in the coagulation system and in inflammatory processes also express GMP-140 on their surfaces. The objectives of the present study were to develop a monoclonal antibody against this adhesion molecule in the dog and to use this antibody to study platelet-neutrophil interactions in whole blood and to characterize the in vivo localization of GMP-140 in canine tissues. Five Balb/c mice were immunized with thrombin-stimulated dog platelets, and clones were screened using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clone MD3 (IgG1) showed preferential binding to activated as compared with resting platelets. Flow cytometric analysis using MD3 revealed that 27% of circulating neutrophils in unstimulated blood had platelets bound to their surfaces; stimulation with platelet activating factor increased this percentage to 85%. Immunoblot analysis of solubilized dog platelets resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the antibody MD3 recognized an approximately 140-kd protein. Immunohistochemical study of normal dog tissues with MD3 revealed that the antigen was present in endothelial cells of arteries, capillaries, and veins, depending on the specific tissue examined. Blood vessels staining positively with MD3 were most abundant in the digestive system (liver, stomach, small and large intestines), moderate in the lungs, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, and endocrine glands, and minimal in the brain, myocardium, skeletal system, and skin. Based on its presence on stimulated but not resting platelets, its molecular weight, and its vascular distribution, the antigen recognized by MD3 appears to be the selectin GMP-140 of the dog. This study documents that the cellular and tissue distribution of GMP-140 in dogs is very similar to that in human beings.
Direct manipulation support for flexible manufacturing systems using an object-oriented model

Though interest in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) has demonstrated a spiraling trend, much of the research in the area tends to be fragmentary, in part due to the complexity of problems in the domain, and the multiplicity of solution strategies employed to address them. This paper proposes a comprehensive model for FMS using an object-oriented representation, that permits addressing of individual problems via heuristic solution procedures. The solution process is enhanced through the use of a direct manipulation interface that permits the designer to intervene and control the functioning of the system with minimal syntactic knowledge. >
Thwarting science by protecting the received wisdom on tobacco addiction from the scientific method

In their commentary, Dar and Frenk call into question the validity of all published data that describe the onset of nicotine addiction. They argue that the data that describe the early onset of nicotine addiction is so different from the conventional wisdom that it is irrelevant. In this rebuttal, the author argues that the conventional wisdom cannot withstand an application of the scientific method that requires that theories be tested and discarded when they are contradicted by data. The author examines the origins of the threshold theory that has represented the conventional wisdom concerning the onset of nicotine addiction for 4 decades. The major tenets of the threshold theory are presented as hypotheses followed by an examination of the relevant literature. Every tenet of the threshold theory is contradicted by all available relevant data and yet it remains the conventional wisdom. The author provides an evidence-based account of the natural history of nicotine addiction, including its onset and development as revealed by case histories, focus groups, and surveys involving tens of thousands of smokers. These peer-reviewed and replicated studies are the work of independent researchers from around the world using a variety of measures, and they provide a consistent and coherent clinical picture. The author argues that the scientific method demands that the fanciful conventional wisdom be discarded and replaced with the evidence-based description of nicotine addiction that is backed by data. The author charges that in their attempt to defend the conventional wisdom in the face of overwhelming data to the contrary, Dar and Frenk attempt to destroy the credibility of all who have produced these data. Dar and Frenk accuse other researchers of committing methodological errors and showing bias in the analysis of data when in fact Dar and Frenk commit several errors and reveal their bias by using a few outlying data points to misrepresent an entire body of research, and by grossly and consistently mischaracterizing the claims of those whose research they attack.
Review of organization structures of concurrent teams responsible for product development in the electronics industry

This paper explores the characteristics of the organization structures in concurrent product development in today's competitive markets. To be able to extract the most effective implementations the paper samples from the electronics industry in which product development cycles have been reduced significantly in recent years. Several case studies from the literature, and interviews with product managers from the electronics industry have been used.
Automatically learning document taxonomies for hierarchical classification

While several hierarchical classification methods have been applied to web content, such techniques invariably rely on a pre-defined taxonomy of documents. We propose a new technique that extracts a suitable hierarchical structure automatically from a corpus of labeled documents. We show that our technique groups similar classes closer together in the tree and discovers relationships among documents that are not encoded in the class labels. The learned taxonomy is then used along with binary SVMs for multi-class classification. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by testing it on the 20-Newsgroup dataset.
The Amino-Terminal C/H1 Domain of CREB Binding Protein Mediates Zta Transcriptional Activation of Latent Epstein-Barr Virus

Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is maintained as a nucleosome-covered episome that can be transcriptionally activated by overexpression of the viral immediate-early protein, Zta. We show here that reactivation of latent EBV by Zta can be significantly enhanced by coexpression of the cellular coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300. A stable complex containing both Zta and CBP could be isolated from lytically stimulated, but not latently infected RAJI nuclear extracts. Zta-mediated viral reactivation and transcriptional activation were both significantly inhibited by coexpression of the E1A 12S protein but not by an N-terminal deletion mutation of E1A (E1ADelta2-36), which fails to bind CBP. Zta bound directly to two related cysteine- and histidine-rich domains of CBP, referred to as C/H1 and C/H3. These domains both interacted specifically with the transcriptional activation domain of Zta in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Interestingly, we found that the C/H3 domain was a potent dominant negative inhibitor of Zta transcriptional activation function. In contrast, an amino-terminal fragment containing the C/H1 domain was sufficient for coactivation of Zta transcription and viral reactivation function. Thus, CBP can stimulate the transcription of latent EBV in a histone acetyltransferase-independent manner mediated by the CBP amino-terminal C/H1-containing domain. We propose that CBP may regulate aspects of EBV latency and reactivation by integrating cellular signals mediated by competitive interactions between C/H1, C/H3, and the Zta activation domain.
Polymers with quinoxaline units. II

A double chain or ladder polymer was obtained by the condensation of 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene with 2,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted-1,4,6,9-tetraazaanthracene and self-condensation of 2,3-dihydroxy-6,7-diaminoquinoxaline and of 2,3-diphenoxy-6,7-diaminoquinoxaline. The polycondensations were carried out in solution or in melt. The polymers thus obtained were highly colored products which had inherent viscosities up to 2.5. The structures of the polymers were established by comparison with model compounds.
Diet of Invasive Adult White Perch (Morone americana) and their Effects on the Zooplankton Community in Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain

White perch (Morone americana) became established in Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain in the mid 1990s. Since that time, cyanobacteria blooms have become common in summer. Although introduced planktivorous fish often impact plankton communities through a reduction in Daphnia density, such effects can be difficult to predict in an opportunistic species such as white perch. In this study, we examined the extent of zooplanktivory exhibited by adult white perch in Missisquoi Bay. Adult white perch were collected from Missisquoi Bay on ten dates in spring and summer of 2005. White perch diet consisted of large numbers of Daphnia on dates when Daphnia densities exceeded 20 individuals/L and when Daphnia comprised more than 50% of the zooplankton assemblage. When Daphnia densities were below these threshold values, adult white perch diet consisted predominantly of benthic prey. Our results show that white perch feed on large numbers of Daphnia in Missisquoi Bay and select Daphnia over other zooplankton taxa when they are abundant. It is likely that adult white perch grazing in Missisquoi Bay has contributed to a reduction in Daphnia density which in turn may be contributing to summertime cyanobacteria dominance in this bay.
Modeling of Traffic Flow at Signalized Links

A rigorous mathematical modeling and analysis of the traffic dynamics downstream of traffic signals and in links between signalized intersections is presented in this paper. The approach taken here is macroscopic in nature and traffic is treated as a continuum fluid. The existence and behavior of shock waves generated periodically downstream of a traffic signal is demonstrated and analytical expressions are derived for describing their propagation along the road. The formation and dissipation of traffic queues at the downstream signal in both time and space is studied and analytical expressions are presented for describing the evolution of the tail end of the queue in time. Due to the large number of possible queue length developments, a methodology for numerical solution to the problem is presented along with numerical examples.
Staphylococcus epidermidis Endocarditis Treated with RP 59500 (Quinapristin/Dalfopristin)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). Treatment for this condition consists of combination antibiotic therapy including vancomycin, rifampin, and gentamicin. We describe a patient who had a severe allergic response to vancomycin during therapy for PVE due to methicillinresistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). A 44-year-old male with a history of St. Jude mitral-valve replacement 6 months earlier presented with cough, fever, and dyspnea. Physical examination revealed only a systolic murmur. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed a mitral annular abscess, multiple vegetations, and instability of the prosthetic valve
On combining network coding with duty-cycling in flood-based wireless sensor networks

Network coding and duty-cycling are two major techniques for saving energy in wireless sensor networks. To the best of our knowledge, the idea to combine these two techniques for even more aggressive energy savings, has not been explored. This is not unusual, since these two techniques achieve energy efficiency through conflicting means, e.g., network coding saves energy by exploiting overhearing (i.e., nodes are awake), whereas duty-cycling saves energy by reducing idle listening (i.e., nodes sleep). In this article, we thoroughly investigate if network coding and duty cycling can be used together for more aggressive energy savings in flood-based wireless sensor networks. Our main idea is to exploit the redundancy sometimes present in flooding applications that use network coding, and put a node to sleep (i.e., duty cycle) when a redundant transmission takes place (i.e., the node has already received and successfully decoded a sequence of network-coded packets). We propose a scheme, called DutyCode, in which a multiple access control (MAC) protocol implements packet streaming and allows the network coding-aware application to decide when a node can sleep. We also present an algorithm for deciding the optimal coding scheme for a node to further reduce energy consumption by minimizing redundant packet transmissions. Finally, we propose an adaptive switching technique between DutyCode and an existing duty-cycling MAC protocol. We investigate our proposed solutions analytically and implement them on mote hardware. Our performance evaluation results, obtained from a 42-node indoor testbed, show that our scheme saves 30-46% more energy than network coding-based solutions.
Intergroup Boundaries and Attitudes The Power of a Single Potent Link

Many prejudice reduction strategies involve linking the self to outgroup members. We tested the novel question of whether establishing a potent link with a single outgroup member can reduce explicit and implicit prejudice toward the outgroup as a whole. White participants completed a mock adoption procedure where they "adopted" a baby from another country. Three experiments showed that this single link fostered perceived overlap between the self and the ethnic outgroup. This overlap mediated the effect of the adoption manipulation on explicit prejudice, which was significantly reduced. Whereas the single link was insufficient to reduce implicit prejudice significantly when the self-outgroup member link was not practiced, repeatedly practicing this connection reduced prejudice significantly in comparison with a control group that had no connection to the outgroup member. Furthermore, unlike explicit attitudes, this effect was direct.
Affinity purification and characterization of a cutinase from the fungal plant pathogen Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) honey.

Abstract Trifluoromethyl ketones (TFK) are potent inhibitors of a variety of serine hydrolases. The TFK inhibitor, 3-(4-mercaptobutylthio)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (MBTFP), was found to competitively inhibit cutinase activity (I50 = 9.4 × 10−3) from the fungal plant pathogen Monilinia fructicola and to serve as an effective affinity ligand for the purification of cutinases from culture filtrates. The TFK inhibitors, 3-n-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (OTFP) and 3-n-pentylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (PTFP), also inhibited cutinase activity with I50 values of 1.6 × 10−6 and 2.3 × 10−4 M, respectively. Buffer containing OTFP was the strongest eluant for cutinases of M. fructicola and provided the best purification factor and yield, although buffers containing OTFP, detergent, and salt were found to be effective for eluting cutinases bound to MBTFP-Sepharose. Buffer containing 0.5% Triton X-100 also selectively eluted cutinases from the affinity column. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing of the affinity-purified cutinase fraction indicated activity associated with proteins of pI 8.2 and molecular masses of approximately 18.6 and 20.8 kDa. These proteins hydrolyzed [3H]cutin and artificial substrates such as p-nitrophenylbutyrate and related esters, typical of other cutinases, but differ from previously characterized cutinases in molecular mass. The two low-molecular-weight proteins resolved by 2-D gel electrophoresis were subjected to in-gel digestion with Lys-C and the resulting peptide fragments were separated by Microbore-HPLC. The amino acid sequences of several internal peptide fragments had high homology with cutinase sequences from other fungi, particularly the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Our study illustrates the potential of TFK ligands for the affinity purification of cutinases and indicates that the cutinases from M. fructicola have novel features warranting further study.
Ipilimumab, Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib, and Trametinib: Synergistic Competitors in the Clinical Management of BRAF Mutant Malignant Melanoma

There have been significant advances in the treatment of malignant melanoma with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of two drugs in 2011, the first drugs approved in 13 years. The developments of immune checkpoint modulation via cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade, with ipilimumab, and targeting of BRAF(V600), with vemurafenib or dabrafenib, as well as MEK, with trametinib, have been paradigm changing both for melanoma clinical practice and for oncology therapeutic development. These advancements, however, reveal new clinical questions regarding combinations and optimal sequencing of these agents in patients with BRAF mutant disease. We review the development of these agents, putative biomarkers, and resistance mechanisms relevant to their use, and possibilities for sequencing and combining these agents.
The Effects of Monetary Incentive and Frustrative Nonreward on Heart Rate and Electrodermal Activity

Further investigation of a recent theoretical model positing the existence of mutually antagonistic appetitive versus aversive motivational systems was conducted by providing monetary incentives for 3 trials and then either with or without warning terminating the incentives for the last 2 trials. Two dependent measures-heart rate and electrodermal activity–were employed to test the predictions that incentives would activate the appetitive system and produce heart rate acceleration, while unsignalled termination of incentives (frustrative nonreward) would activate the aversive system and produce relative electrodermal activity increases. An additional goal was to investigate the effects on heart rate of different magnitudes of incentive per response unit and varying the amount of work per response unit–two ways of achieving different total amounts per trial. The data showed a clear and graded heart rate response to varying the amount of work per response unit. These results were interpreted as consistent with the conclusion that the heart rate response is a function of the amount of incentive per unit of effort. In contrast to the clear effect on heart rate, the incentive manipulations had no observable effect on electrodermal activity. Conversely, electrodermal activity showed a clear response to frustrative nonreward, while heart rate was not affected. These results were interpreted as consistent with the notion of separate motivational systems mediating different behavioral effects.
Constructions of Client Competence and Theories of Practice

An entrenched stereotype about the elderly is that they inevitably experience a progressive decline in cognitive function - what the Article calls the "idea of decrement." The vast majority of elderly, however, do not experience declining competence for most or all of their lives. Nevertheless, attorneys interpret much of what elderly clients say and do as the product of cognitive impairment, and sometimes even the elderly themselves construct stories about the world and their circumstances in line with the idea of decrement. These attitudes and social constructions, interacting in complex ways, can distort the ability of attorneys to represent elderly clients effectively. Moreover, these processes also apply to all clients given that all clients are part of a group of groups subject to stereotyping. The representation of the elderly thus holds lessons about conceptualizing and teaching how attorneys can and should represent all clients.
AlN contour-mode resonators for narrow-band filters above 3 GHz

This paper reports on the design and experimental verification of a new class of thin-film (250 nm) Super High Frequency (SHF) laterally-vibrating piezoelectric microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators suitable for the fabrication of narrow-band MEMS filters operating at frequencies above 3 GHz. The device dimensions have been opportunely scaled both in the lateral and vertical dimensions in order to excite a contour-extensional mode of vibration in nano features of an ultra-thin (250 nm) Aluminum Nitride (AlN) film. In this first demonstration two-port resonators vibrating up to 4.5 GHz were fabricated on the same die and attained electromechanical coupling, k t 2, in excess of 1.5 %. These devices were employed to synthesize the highest frequency ever reported MEMS filter (3.7 GHz) based on AlN contour-mode resonator (CMR) technology.
SUIF Explorer: an interactive and interprocedural parallelizer

The SUIF Explorer is an interactive parallelization tool that is more effective than previous systems in minimizing the number of lines of code that require programmer assistance. First, the interprocedural analyses in the SUIF system is successful in parallelizing many coarse-grain loops, thus minimizing the number of spurious dependences requiring attention. Second, the system uses dynamic execution analyzers to identify those important loops that are likely to be parallelizable. Third, the SUIF Explorer is the first to apply program slicing to aid programmers in interactive parallelization. The system guides the programmer in the parallelization process using a set of sophisticated visualization techniques.This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the SUIF Explorer with three case studies. The programmer was able to speed up all three programs by examining only a small fraction of the program and privatizing a few variables.
Use It—and Keep It, Longer, Probably: A Reply to Salthouse (2006)

In this article, I call into serious question Salthouse's (2006) conclusions evaluating and disparaging the validity of the “use it or lose it” hypothesis regarding mental exercise and mental aging. I do so, in some part, by using data not discussed by Salthouse. The core of my argument relies heavily on a critical assessment of the conclusions that Salthouse derived from both his theoretical reasoning and his review of the literature. The more judicious conclusion I reach is that, although the whole story regarding cognitive function and aging is not known, at some level and to some degree, “using” it often delays the eventuality of “losing” it.
Abstract 5134: Pharmaceutical effect of vitamin C (ascorbate) on B16 melanomain vitroandin vivo

In 2014, 76,100 new cases of melanoma were diagnosed in the United States. Treatment consists of surgery and chemotherapy, but efficacy is low. Indeed, five-year survival rates for patients with metastatic melanoma remain below 25%, indicating the need for new therapeutic strategies. In parallel, some studies indicate that vitamin C (ascorbic acid, ascorbate) only in pharmacologic doses may have a beneficial anti-tumor effect. Although ascorbate is an essential nutrient for humans, who are unable to synthesize it, pharmacologic ascorbate concentrations are achieved by parenteral administration. Although pharmacologic ascorbate in cancer treatment in humans is unproven, many studies report a selective cytotoxic effect in cancer cells in vitro. Cytotoxicity is thought to be mediated by hydrogen peroxide formation. To investigate the effect of high dose ascorbate in melanoma, we first used a murine melanoma cell line B16F10. We confirmed that ascorbate induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner (up to 40mM) in this cell line which is mostly reversed by adding catalase into the media, reinforcing the hydrogen peroxide dependent effect. We next investigated the role of ascorbic acid in vivo using a murine B16 melanoma model. Tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice were treated with pharmacological ascorbic acid (4g/kg mice/twice a day) or hypertonic NaCl solution. We observed that the tumor size was decreased by 63% in the vitamin C treated group compared to the control group. We also used this model to analyze collagen expression in B16 tumors from ascorbate or saline-treated mice by qPCR and ELISA. Vitamin C treated tumors showed increased expression of various types of collagen. Indeed, we observed a five-fold increase in Col1A1, Col1A2, Col1A3, Col8A1 and Col28A1 mRNA expression and we also observed an increase in the Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha peptide III (P4HA3) expression, an enzyme involved in collagen formation. No side effects were evident from administration of high dose ascorbate, which is fully consistent with previously published clinical data. We are currently investigating the role of hydrogen peroxide in the murine model by generating tumors with B16F10 cells that overexpress catalase. Taken together, these results showed that pharmacologic ascorbate is cytotoxic to B16F10 melanoma cells, with cytotoxicity in vitro mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Ascorbate is effective in reducing melanoma tumor size without apparent host toxicity. These data support the idea that vitamin C should be studied in humans both for combination chemotherapy and also as a stand-alone treatment. Citation Format: Pierre-Christian Violet, Nermi L. Parrow, Serrano L. Oscar, Jacqueline Yang, Mark A. Levine. Pharmaceutical effect of vitamin C (ascorbate) on B16 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5134. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5134
Reoperative coronary surgery. Comparative analysis of 6591 patients undergoing primary bypass and 508 patients undergoing reoperative coronary artery bypass.

During an 18-year period a consecutive series of 6591 patients underwent primary coronary bypass grafting and 508 patients underwent reoperative bypass. The mean patient age for the reoperative group was identical to that of the primary group, 59.8 years, but the mean age at initial operation for the reoperative group was 55.2 years. Mammary grafts were done at initial operation in 59% of patients who have had one operation versus only 46% of patients who subsequently required reoperation (p
Cardiac troponin structure-function and the influence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated mutations on modulation of contractility

Cardiac troponin (cTn) acts as a pivotal regulator of muscle contraction and relaxation and is composed of three distinct subunits (cTnC: a highly conserved Ca2+ binding subunit, cTnI: an actomyosin ATPase inhibitory subunit, and cTnT: a tropomyosin binding subunit). In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the structure-function relationship of cTn and its subunits, its modulation by PKA-mediated phosphorylation of cTnI, and what is known about how these properties are altered by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) associated mutations of cTnI. This includes recent work using computational modeling approaches to understand the atomic-based structural level basis of disease-associated mutations. We propose a viewpoint that it is alteration of cTnC-cTnI interaction (rather than the Ca2+ binding properties of cTn) per se that disrupt the ability of PKA-mediated phosphorylation at cTnI Ser-23/24 to alter contraction and relaxation in at least some HCM-associated mutations. The combination of state of the art biophysical approaches can provide new insight on the structure-function mechanisms of contractile dysfunction resulting cTnI mutations and exciting new avenues for the diagnosis, prevention, and even treatment of heart diseases.
Individual Differences in Working Memory, Sense of Direction, and Route-Learning

The current experiment examined the role of working memory components during route-learning as a function of Sense of Direction. Individuals with good or poor sense of direction (GSD/PSD) were selected a priori. Participants learned routes while performing working memory tasks consisting of spatial interference (SI) or verbal interference (VI). Previous empirical research indicates that GSDs rely on visual-spatial strategies while PSDs rely on verbal strategies for navigation. Based on Baddeley's (1992) working memory model we therefore expected route learning performance to be differentially disrupted by SI in GSDs and VI in PSDs. Providing partial support for our prediction, GSDs took more time and made more errors in routes learned during SI relative to VI, and PSDs were slower when traversing routes learned under VI relative to SI. Our findings show strong individual differences in route-learning performance and provide support for tailoring navigation systems and training programs to reflect these di...
An accurate and precise representation of drug ingredients.

Background In previous work, we built the Drug Ontology (DrOn) to support comparative effectiveness research use cases. Here, we have updated our representation of ingredients to include both active ingredients (and their strengths) and excipients. Our update had three primary lines of work: 1) analysing and extracting excipients, 2) analysing and extracting strength information for active ingredients, and 3) representing the binding of active ingredients to cytochrome P450 isoenzymes as substrates and inhibitors of those enzymes.
Teaching with soap: Examples of project-based units for students and future educators

ABSTRACTThis article describes the use of project-based instruction in activities and labs intended to develop higher-order thinking skills with high school students and pre-service teachers through the use of soap making.
Application of Variable Weight Comprehensive Evaluation to Safety Assessment of Highway in Mountainous Areas

Effects of highway conditions on traffic safety were researched through the investigation and analysis of the traffic accidents in mountainous area. Evaluation index system was established from four aspects. The variable weight,punitive variable weight,is introduced into the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to establish the variable weight fuzzy evaluation model of traffic safety in mountainous areas. Two different evaluation methods are compared in practical application. The results indicate that the variable weight fuzzy evaluation method made the evaluation grade more obvious,and emphasizes the influence of index in poor conditions on the results of comprehensive evaluation,which makes evaluation results more close to the reality.
Analysis on the epidemic features of men with AIDS by sexual infection in Hebei Province from 2004 to 2013

Objective To understand the epidemic features of men who got infected with AIDS via sex in Hebei Province,in order provide reference for improving AIDS prevention and control strategy. Methods The HIV / AIDS data reported from 2004 to 2013 was analyzed. Results 1 706 cases were reported by homosexual transmission,and 926 were reported by heterosexual transmission. Homosexual transmission had become the main route of transmission from 2009. Among cases who were infected by homosexual transmission,the average age was 33. 98 ± 11. 76,46. 72% of them were unmarried and 58. 91% of them had high school education. Among those who were infected by heterosexual transmission,the average age was 39. 45 ± 12. 22,57. 67% of them were married and 64. 04% of them had junior middle school education or below. Students cases were found in the two groups. 77. 80% of the cases in the group who developed to AIDS by homosexual transmission fall ill one year later,and 76. 37% in heterosexual transmission group. Conclusions Social demographic characteristics and epidemiological features were different in the two groups. Targeted policies should be formulated for each transmission. AIDS prevention knowledge education should be strengthened in students and more tests should be launched in high-risk groups.
The Surgeon as Endoscopist

Because extraordinary benefits accrue to the patient when the surgeon can view the site of disease first-hand, the gastrointestinal surgeon must be a proficient endoscopist, and endoscopy must be part of gastrointestinal surgery. Leaders of surgical organizations and surgeon educators, upon whom rests the responsibility for shaping policy and educating medical students and residents, should remain alert to the need to maintain a substantial surgical presence in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Both peripheral chylomicron catabolism and hepatic uptake of remnants are defective in nephrosis

We showed previously that proteinuria caused delayed chylomicron (CM) clearance in the rat and postulated the existence of a primary defect in CM hydrolysis. It was possible that reduced CM clearance resulted from increased lipogenesis causing saturation of catabolic sites and not from a primary defect in CM catabolism. To clarify this point we measured kinetically the absolute rate of triglyceride (TG) uptake from CM in rats with Heymann nephritis (HN) and normal Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) and determined TG uptake in individual tissues using [3H]TG- and [14C]cholesterol-labeled CM. Hepatic [14C]cholesterol uptake was reduced in HN (69.3 +/- 6 vs. 7.2 +/- 2% of dose, P less than 0.001). TG uptake was reduced in HN measured kinetically (1.01 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.213 +/- 0.028 mg TG.min-1.100 g body wt-1, P less than 0.001) and reduced in all tissues (heart, skeletal muscle, fat, and liver). CM are catabolized on the vascular endothelium to atherogenic, cholesterol-rich remnant (CM remnant) particles, which are then rapidly taken up by the liver. We measured hepatic CM remnant uptake in SD and in HN using [14C]cholesterol-labeled CM remnant. CM remnant uptake was significantly reduced in HN (58 +/- 1.2 vs. 20 +/- 0.86% uptake, P less than 0.01). CM remnants were increased significantly in plasma of HN. Thus the nephrotic syndrome causes a primary defect in the uptake of TG from CM that is expressed in all tissues and a separate defect in hepatic CM remnant uptake. Although CM remnant generation is impaired because of defective CM hydrolysis, the defect in hepatic CM remnant uptake is so severe that these particles accumulate in blood, posing a potential risk for atherogenesis.
The Nuclear Matrix: Mapping Genomic Organization and Function in the Cell Nucleus

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the basic properties of the nuclear matrix in relation to the nuclear architecture, function, and regulation. The nuclear pore complexes are especially densely stained and channels of the nuclear matrix material appear to radiate from the nuclear interior to the nuclear pore complexes. The ultrastructural findings suggest a potentially close in situ association between actively replicating and transcribing chromatin and nuclear matrix components inside the functioning cell nucleus. It is suggested that a network of ribonucleoprotein particles and/or fibrils extends from the sites of transcription to final release through the nuclear pore complexes. These strands or channels of nuclear matrix structures may correspond to dynamic assembly lines for the coordinate transcription, splicing, processing, and transport of RNA. Results indicate that the overall organization of sites of replication, transcription, and posttranscriptional RNA transcripts and processing is strikingly maintained in cells extracted for the nuclear matrix. It is suggested that the in vitro nuclear matrix systems represent a valuable new approach for elucidating the relationships of genomic organization, function, and regulation in the mammalian cell nucleus.
A Comparative Analysis Between Industrial Marketing Faculty and Industrial Marketing Practitioners: Criteria Viewed Important in the Recruitment of Four Year Marketing Graduates

In this study, the attitudes of industrial marketing faculty and industrial marketing practitioners are measured with respect to a set of 16 predefined skills in the recruitment of undergraduate marketing majors for entry level positions in industrial marketing. The results indicate disagreement among faculty and practitioners on several of the skills evaluated.