cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An application of fractional calculus to the tomographic identification of structural damage

We explore the use of fractional continuum models to perform 2D tomographic imaging of interest for applications to structural damage detection. Fractional models allow a more flexible approach to field transport simulations in inhomogeneous media and, under certain conditions, enable capturing physical phenomena that cannot be accounted for by integer order models. This study addresses the specific example of heat conduction in a two- dimensional inhomogeneous domain and the reconstruction of the internal parameters based on temperature boundary measurements. The field evolution is assumed to be governed by a fractional diffusion equation while the parameter identification problem is formulated in inverse form. The reconstruction is performed with respect to the characteristic parameters of the fractional model, with particular attention to the order of the derivative. Numerical results show that the inverse procedure correctly identifies the spatial location of the inhomogeneity and, to some extent, the order of the fractional model.
Persistence and Resistance: Women’s Leadership and Ending Gender-Based Violence in Guatemala

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Discussion on the substitution of ticagrelor for clopidogre

Ticagrelor was approved by FDA as an oral antiplatelet drug in combination with low-dose aspirin to reduce the rate of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and will become a strong competitor to clopidogrel. Ticagrelor has better efficacy than clopidogrel, but there is a problem in medication compliance. Besides, there is a black box warning on the doses of ticagrelor in combination with aspirin and the cost of ticagrelor is much higher than that of clopidogrel. This article describes the characteristics and the clinical features of both drugs and analyzes the causes of these differences.
Care Coordination and Transition of Men's Health Management.

As our health care system transforms to meet our national objectives of the Affordable Care Act and our triple aim goals (improving quality of care to individuals, improving the health of communities, and reducing cost), care coordination and transition of men’s health care are vital components of health care reform. It is increasingly imperative that new models of care coordination incorporate coordination and transition management into the delivery of men’s health services. Men’s health should include comprehensive strategies that provide seamless care for men and their families. The coordination of care and management of care transition should occur within a culture of interprofessional collaboration. The six guiding principles to establishing an informed and collaborative care coordination model of care are the following:
Cognitive world: Neuropsychology of individual differences.

It is proposed that depending upon the specific pattern of cognitive abilities, each individual lives in an idiosyncratic "cognitive world." Brain pathology can be associated with some disturbed abilities, and frequently experiential changes (i.e., how the world is understood) are observed. Because these patients often are aware of their intellectual changes, they may represent excellent models to illustrate the diversity of cognitive interpretations an individual can have about the surrounding environmental conditions. Four neuropsychology cases are presented to illustrate this point: (a) prosopagnosia associated with spatial agnosia; (b) Gerstmann's syndrome; (c) dysexecutive syndrome due to a head injury; and, (d) patient with Capgras' syndrome associated with a left temporal cyst. It is further emphasized that non-brain damaged people present an enormous-but usually overlooked-dispersion in different cognitive domains, resulting in specific and idiosyncratic patterns of cognitive abilities. It is concluded that the concept of "cognitive world" in neuropsychology can parallel the concept of "perceptual world" introduced by von Uexkull in biology, which assumes that different animal species live in idiosyncratic perceptual worlds, available and knowable by the differences in their sensory system abilities. That is, different individuals live in idiosyncratic cognitive worlds, owing to their differences in cognitive abilities.
Crytpo-Based Methods and Fingerprints

Device fingerprints primarily provide underlying seeds and keys for the cryptographic operations of authentication and secret key generation. In this chapter, we present techniques and technologies to use this information with cryptography. We also present cryptographic functions derived from authentication and key generation that use device fingerprints.
The structure of the LPS O-chain of Fusobacterium nucleatum strain 25586 containing two novel monosaccharides, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-l-altrose and a 5-acetimidoylamino-3,5,9-trideoxy-gluco-non-2-ulosonic acid

Abstract Fusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic bacterium found in the human mouth where it causes periodontitis. Recently, it has been gaining attention as a potential causative agent for colorectal cancer and is strongly linked with pregnancy complications including pre-term and still births. Little is known about the virulence factors of this organism, and thus we have initiated studies to examine the bacterium's surface glycochemistry. We isolated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from F. nucleatum strain 25586 and purified and performed structural analysis on the O-antigen polysaccharide. The polysaccharide contained two novel sugars, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy- l -altrose ( l -6dAltNAc) and a 5-acetimidoylamino-3,5,9-trideoxy- gluco -non-2-ulosonic acid (Non5Am), which was tentatively assigned the l -glycero- l -gluco configuration. The polysaccharide was found to have a trisaccharide repeating unit, which is phosphorylated with phosphocholine ( P Cho), and the following structure was established: -[-4-β-Non p 5Am-4-α- l -6dAlt p NAc3 P Cho-3-β- d -Qui p NAc-]- We propose the trivial name ‘fusaminic acid’ for the novel nonulosonic acid. It is the first occurrence of a 9-deoxynonulosonic acid with a hydroxyl group at C-7, which is occupied by an amino group in all monosaccharides of this class described so far.
The Ancient Background to Greek Psychology and Some Implications for Today

An examination of the belief system and psychological concepts of primitives and peoples of ancient civilizations together with the influences of the latter on the Greeks shows the continuity in naturalistic modes of thought that led to the development of Greek scientific psychology. This continuity was then broken by deteriorating social conditions which led to supernaturalistic concepts in the following periods. The psychologies of today that have incorporated dualism and reverted to animism are rooted in this post-Greek supernaturalism. The approach of the Greeks and their predecessors may offer some insights toward overcoming these contemporary conceptual impediments.
Disseminate the Findings

Dissemination of the project findings is essential as a contribution to knowledge about intervention effectiveness, quality improvement, and program evaluation in the real world. Some might even say if you don’t publish, it wasn’t done. The goal of this chapter is to guide the development of abstracts and manuscripts based on Worksheets completed in Part II. A step-by-step process is proposed to elicit the important findings and their implications, prepare the results based on those findings, and then compile the existing statements and details to complete the abstract or manuscript. Several suggestions are provided to support successful dissemination.
Is tax return information useful to equity investors

I examine whether tax return information is incrementally useful to equity investors relative to publicly-available information, such as financial statements. To test this relation, I exploit unique features of the syndicated loan market, as prior literature shows that lenders obtain tax returns from borrowers and that lenders’ private information is transmitted to equity markets when institutional investors are part of a loan syndicate. I find economically significant increases in tax expense valuation and decreases in tax-related market anomalies following the issuance of institutional syndicated loans, consistent with equity investors finding information about firm performance in tax returns that is useful for their trading decisions. I also document that tax returns are a valuable information source that can motivate institutional investor participation in loan syndicates. This study extends prior research and informs the current policy debate over public disclosure of corporate tax return information by showing that investors can find information in firms’ tax returns that is incremental to the information in firms’ financial statements.
The twitterization of journalism: User perceptions of news tweets:

Using an experiment and probability sample of Chicago and Los Angeles adults (N = 1211), this study tested how tweet characteristics (tone, space) and participant age (younger, middle, older) affec...
Rapid and sensitive detection of synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and α-PVP using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Abstract The application of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been reported as a fast and sensitive analytical method in the trace detection of the two most commonly known synthetic cannabinoids AMB-FUBINACA and alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP). FUBINACA and α-PVP are two of the most dangerous synthetic cannabinoids which have been reported to cause numerous deaths in the United States. While instruments such as GC–MS, LC–MS have been traditionally recognized as analytical tools for the detection of these synthetic drugs, SERS has been recently gaining ground in the analysis of these synthetic drugs due to its sensitivity in trace analysis and its effectiveness as a rapid method of detection. This present study shows the limit of detection of a concentration as low as picomolar for AMB-FUBINACA while for α-PVP, the limit of detection is in nanomolar concentration using SERS.
Belief, Credence, and Faith

In this article, I argue that faith's going beyond the evidence need not compromise faith's epistemic rationality. First, I explain how some of the recent literature on belief and credence points to a distinction between what I call B-evidence and C-evidence. Then, I apply this distinction to rational faith. I argue that if faith is more sensitive to B-evidence than to C-evidence, faith can go beyond the evidence and still be epistemically rational.
High aspect ratio anisotropic silicon etching for x-ray phase contrast imaging grating fabrication

Abstract Lab based x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) systems have historically focused on medical applications, but there is growing interest in material science applications for non-destructive analysis of low density materials. Extending this imaging technique to higher density materials or larger samples requires higher aspect ratio gratings, to allow the use of a higher energy x-ray source. In this work, we demonstrate the use of anisotropic silicon (Si) etching in potassium hydroxide (KOH), to achieve extremely high aspect ratio gratings. This method has been shown to be effective in fabricating deep, uniform gratings by taking advantage of the etch selectivity of differing crystalline planes of silicon. Our work has demonstrated a method for determining Si crystalline plane directions, specific to (110) Si wafers, enabling high alignment accuracy of the etch mask to these crystalline planes.
Clinical Dilemmas in the Assessment and Management of ADHD in Adults: A Psychiatrist’s View from an Urban Hospital Clinic

This chapter discusses common considerations that arise in the ­evaluation and treatment of patients with attentional difficulties in an urban hospital clinic. While some cases are straightforward to address, others are more complex and require thoughtful decisions by the clinician regarding diagnostic strategies, practice management, and treatment planning. There is little clinical research to inform best practices in such complex scenarios, so this chapter offers insights from experience in an outpatient psychiatric clinic of a general hospital.
Aortic Stenosis at the Crossroads

Fifty years ago, Ross and Braunwald published their seminal paper on the natural history of aortic stenosis and established the paradigm that patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) can be follow...
Lacrimal gland changes on orbital imaging after glaucoma drainage implant surgery

Purpose: This study evaluates the radiographic appearance of lacrimal gland tissue after placement of a glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) to characterize the impact of the device on the gland's imaging patterns. Methods: We performed retrospective chart review of departmental records at two urban academic medical centers, which were systematically searched using procedure codes to identify adult glaucoma patients who underwent unilateral superotemporal GDI from January 1995 to December 2015. Radiology records were cross-checked to identify the subset of patients who underwent postoperative orbital CT or MRI. Chart review collected data on glaucoma diagnosis, management, examination findings, and clinical complaints. Imaging studies were reviewed for orbital changes using qualitative assessment of the radiographic appearances and computer-guided calculations to quantify asymmetries. Results: A review of all eye operations in the inclusion period identified 315 patients with GDI, 13 of whom were eligible for inclusion. Elapsed time from device placement to imaging averaged 41.9 months, and the average clinical follow-up was 56.4 months. Radiographic lacrimal gland changes were appreciable in 69% (9 of 13) of patients, most commonly with posterior displacement and flattening of the gland (7 of 13). ImageJ analysis revealed significantly smaller lacrimal glands in orbits with GDI (P = 0.04). No clear correlation was found between gland changes and clinical dry eye symptoms. Conclusion: GDI placement was associated with radiographically-appreciable lacrimal gland changes in two-thirds of patients, with changes occurring in a predictable pattern of lacrimal gland flattening, posteriorization, and volume loss. Radiographic changes correlated with clinical symptoms in few patients.
Direct-Ink-Writing of Degradable Carboxymethylcellulose

Abstract Additive manufacturing with degradable polymers have recently drawn significant attention due to its promising biomedical applications including artificial tissue engineering, surgical, and orthopedic devices etc. This paper experimentally investigates the direct-ink-writing of one of the widely used degradable polymers, carboxymethlycellulose. Through printing and geometric characterization of simple test structures, effect of ink concentration, substrate material and direct-ink-writing process parameters including printing pressure, printing speed and nozzle substrate distance on the process outcome is studied. Preliminary findings on printing of micro-scale structures using nozzles as small as 10 μm in diameter are also presented.
Mapping salt marsh soil properties using imaging spectroscopy

Abstract Tidal salt marshes sequester and store blue carbon at both short and long time scales. Marsh soils shape and maintain the ecosystem by supporting complex biogeochemical reactions, deposition of sediment, and accumulation of organic matter. In this study, we examined the potential of imaging spectroscopy techniques to indirectly quantify and map tidal marsh soil properties at a National Estuarine Research Reserve in Georgia, USA. A framework was developed to combine modern digital image processing techniques for marsh soil mapping, including object-based image analysis (OBIA), machine learning modeling, and ensemble analysis. We also evaluated the efficacy of airborne hyperspectral sensors in estimating marsh soil properties compared to spaceborne multispectral sensors, WorldView-2 and QuickBird. The pros and cons of object-based modeling and mapping were assessed and compared with traditional pixel-based mapping methods. The results showed that the designed framework was effective in quantifying and mapping three marsh soil properties using the composite reflectance from salt marsh environment: soil salinity, soil water content, and soil organic matter content. Multispectral sensors were successful in quantifying soil salinity and soil water content but failed to model soil organic matter. The study also demonstrated the value of minimum noise fraction transformation and ensemble analysis techniques for marsh soil mapping. The results suggest that imaging spectroscopy based modeling is a promising tool to quantify and map marsh soil properties at a local scale, and is a potential alternative to traditional soil data acquisition to support carbon cycle research and the conservation and restoration of tidal marshes.
Human communication theory: a five-dimensional model

Recognition of the world of Human communication (HC) is necessary for fathoming Mankind’s promise. Theorising about HC under the prevailing definition is often one-dimensional and linear. A model c...
Cancer Biomarkers for Integrative Oncology

There has been an increasing interest in using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches to treat cancer. It is therefore relevant and timely to determine if CAM biomarkers can be identified and developed to guide cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we review the status of cancer biomarkers in CAM research and treatment to stimulate further research in this area. Studies on promising anti-cancer natural products, such as PHY906, honokiol, bryostatin-1, and sulforaphane have demonstrated the existence of potential cancer biomarker(s). Additional studies are required to further develop and ultimately validate these biomarkers that can predict clinical activity of the anti-cancer natural products used alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. A systematic approach is needed to identify and develop CAM treatment associated biomarkers and to define their role in facilitating clinical decision-making. The expectation is to use these biomarkers in determining potential options for CAM treatment, examining treatment effects and toxicity and/or clinical efficacy in patients with cancer.
Thawing, Culturing, and Cryopreserving Drosophila Cell Lines

There are currently over 160 distinct Drosophila cell lines distributed by the Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC). With genome engineering, the number of novel cell lines is expected to increase. The DGRC aims to familiarize researchers with using Drosophila cell lines as an experimental tool to complement and drive their research agenda. Procedures for working with a variety of Drosophila cell lines with distinct characteristics are provided, including protocols for thawing, culturing, and cryopreserving cell lines. Importantly, this publication demonstrates the best practices required to work with Drosophila cell lines to minimize the risk of contaminations from adventitious microorganisms or from other cell lines. Researchers who become familiar with these procedures will be able to delve into the many applications that use Drosophila cultured cells including biochemistry, cell biology and functional genomics.
Girl Culture in East Asia

In 2005, I watched a performance by Osaka rock band Nine at a live music club in Seoul. Between songs, lead singer Shibata Takenori talked about his background, speaking smoothly in Japanese and Korean, while occasional switching to English. He uses all three languages on his website, too, expressing his feelings as a Japan-born person of Korean descent. I mention Nine, not only because Shibata himself represents one type of transnationalism, but also because the audience that night in Seoul was composed almost entirely of young women. The Korean women thronging around the stage were joined by adoring female fans from Japan, all following the handsome lead singer’s every move, applauding and yelling out encouragement at various points. The young women from both countries were dressed in similar clothing, their make-up and hairstyles reflecting shared concepts of beauty. Japan-based indie bands such as Nine usually fly below the radar when it comes to the international “Cool Japan” image promoted by the Japanese government and the corporate culture industry. During Nine’s performance, it was clear, however, that the band enjoyed a solid female support base in at least two countries. In this essay, I hope to draw attention to this minor variety of Asian transnationalism, the cross-border sharing of girl culture.
Singular Perturbation Theory for a Finite-Dimensional, Discrete-Time Chi Nonlinear System

This paper develops the singular perturbation theory for a particular discrete-time nonlinear system which models the saturating inductor buck converter using cycle-by-cycle digital control.
Genomics of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex genetic disorder caused by a combination of genetic effects and environmental factors. In genome-wide complex trait analysis studies, it was found that over half of AD phenotypic variance can be explained by genetics, but only one-third of the genetic variance can be explained by known AD single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The authors note that the higher unexplained genetic variance is due to a significant increase of markers used in the study and unknown SNP’s in regions close to known AD SNP’s as well as in regions not related to AD SNP’s. These unknown variants in the known AD risk regions are not detectable and contribute, therefore, significantly to variance in AD risk. The classic genotype to phenotype relationship is best illustrated by causal genetic mutations/risk variants and their corresponding alterations in the metabolism of amyloid β protein (Aβ). This chapter will primarily focus on Aβ as a phenotypic readout corresponding to genetic variants and showcase an important Aβ-based approach in developing active DNA Aβ42 immunotherapy for the treatment of AD.
Renal Cystic Diseases

Renal cystic diseases may be inherited or acquired. The most common renal cystic disease is multicystic dysplastic kidney, which is essentially a nonfunctioning kidney. Most renal cysts and cystic diseases do not require intervention, with the exception of multilocular cystic nephroma. Cases of multilocular cystic nephroma cannot be differentiated from malignant tumors (ex: cystic Wilm’s tumor) and therefore must undergo nephrectomy. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease are both inherited renal cystic diseases, with the latter more commonly presenting in the neonatal period. These inherited renal cystic diseases should be managed in conjunction with nephrology given their sequelae of renal dysfunction.
Association between definitive chemoradiotherapy wait-time and survival in locally-advanced cervical cancer: Implications during the coronavirus pandemic.

Abstract Objective The current coronavirus pandemic caused a significant decrease in cancer-related encounters resulting in a delay in treatment of cancer patients. The objective of this study was to examine the survival effect of delay in starting concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in women with locally-advanced cervical cancer. Methods This is a retrospective observational study querying the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016. Women with stage IB2-IVA squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix who received definitive CCRT with known wait-time for CCRT initiation after cancer diagnosis were eligible (N=13,617). Cox proportional hazard regression model with restricted cubic spline transformation was fitted to assess the association between CCRT wait-time and all-cause mortality in multivariable analysis. Results The median wait-time to start CCRT was 6 (IQR 4–8) weeks. In a multivariable analysis, older age, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic ethnicity, recent year of diagnosis, Medicaid and uninsured status, medical comorbidities, and absence of nodal metastasis were associated with longer CCRT wait-time (P Conclusion An implication of this study for the current coronavirus pandemic is that in the absence of aggressive tumor factors, a short period of wait-time to start definitive CCRT may not be associated with increased risk of mortality in women with locally-advanced cervical cancer.
Managing surges in online demand using bandwidth throttling: An optimal strategy amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Managing supply chains requires quick access to the enterprise– and customer–facing online network applications and transparency of data across supply chains. While it is challenging to meet the rapidly growing demand for bandwidth to support supply chain applications in the Blockchain era, the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered bandwidth demand surges across all online services such as the internet, content delivery, e-platforms, and social media. A sudden demand surge may impel users to lose their access or have a poor online experience due to bandwidth throttling by their Online Service Providers (OSPs). Earlier work on optimal throttling mechanism under stochastic demand has overlooked such demand surges. In this paper, we recast the user demand to adequately capture the demand surges, such as home bandwidth demand surges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we model the user demand as a geometric Levy (jump–diffusion) process. Within our general setting, we show that it is optimal for the OSP to follow a modified control-band policy that encompasses the existing results as a special case. Our numerical study not only enhances the current insights about the optimal throttling mechanism by including demand surges but also provides new insights concerning the nature of demand surges. For example, our study suggests that OSPs should initiate demand throttling at relatively lower usage levels if the likelihood of having demand surges is high; furthermore, we find that when OSPs are exposed to demand surges with higher intensities, it is optimal for them to wait until the usage level reaches a relatively high level before throttling it.
Imprisonment: Sociological Aspects

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by N. Christie, volume 11, pp. 7248–7251, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
The Phantom of Chance: From Fortune to Randomness in Seventeenth-Century French Literature

Preface: The Phantom of Chance Starting in the middle of things The end of fortune and the rise of chance Acknowledgements Series Editor's Foreword Introduction The tradition of chance Aristotle and the third type of event Fortuna and casus Boethius and the wheel of fortune Machiavelli and the dissolution of fortune Montaigne and the sceptical challenge 1. Fortune, Mistress of Events: Corneille and the Poetics of Tragedy Chance as cornerstone of poetics Clitandre, and the poetics of gratuity Le Cid and the management of chance Miracles in everyday life 2. God in a World of Chance: Pascal's Pensees and Lettres provinciales The Random human condition From probability to frequency in the Provinciales The coming of the Messiah was not an effect of chance When the game is over 3. From Chance Events to Improbable Actions: Lafayette and the Novel The shipwreck of romance Everyday encounters Silent Chance 4. The God of Suspense: Bossuet's providential history and Racine's Athalie God's anamorphic history Racine's tragedy of errors 5. An Accidental World: La Bruyere's Caracteres The Heart Occasion Love Machines Fashion Index.
Principles of Cancer Surgery

Surgery remains the single most effective modality for treating most malignancies. Although great progress has been made recently in the nonsurgical treatment of cancers, especially those of hematological origin, most solid tumors must still be localized to allow complete resection to offer a patient the potential for curative treatment. Although adjuvant therapies have improved disease-free and overall survivals, most notably in breast1,2 and colorectal3 cancers, these treatments are effective in only a minority of patients and only after the surgeon has performed a total gross resection of disease.
Abstract 4528: Comparison of anti-proliferation activity of BEZ 235, a multi-step inhibitor of mTOR pathway, vs. BKM120, a pan PI3K inhibitor, in lung cancer cell lines (LCCL)

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: PI3K/AKT/mTOR(Mammalian target of rapamycin) signal transduction pathway is over-activated in many cancers including lung cancers. The activation of cell surface receptors i.e.EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) signals through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which then results in increase cell proliferation, angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis process. BEZ 235 is a multi-step inhibitor of PI3K and mTORC 1 / 2. BKM 120 is a novel pan class I PI3K inhibitor of all class I PI3K isoforms (α, β, Υ, δ). Inhibition of multiple steps of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway would be advantageous and could yield higher activity and overcome over activation of PI3K/AKT, a potential mechanism of resistance to mTOR inhibitors. Docetaxel (D) is an approved agent used in the treatment of lung cancer. We previously demonstrated that the sequence of D followed by mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus (T) in lung cancer cell lines (LCCL) had increased suppression of cell proliferation as compared to reverse sequence of T→D due to suppression of over-activation of PI3K/AKT resistance mechanism. We studied the anti-proliferation effect of each compound in LCCL and also compared the activity of sequential docetaxel followed by BKM 120 vs. D followed by BEK235. Methods: Adenocarcinoma LCCL H2122 and A549 were treated with increasing concentrations of BEZ 235 (50nM, 75 nM, 100 nM) and BKM 120 at same concentrations. Both agents were provided by Novartis.We assessed the cell proliferation by optical density. In the sequential treatment study, we incubated LCCL with D 100nM for 24h then added BKM 120 or BEZ235 at 50nM, 75nM and 100nM. We then assessed the anti-proliferation effect at 48h and 72h. Results: BEZ 235 single had greater inhibitory effect in LCCL proliferation as compared to BKM120. The sequential treatment of D followed by BEZ235 or BKM120 did not yield higher anti-proliferation effect compared to single agent treatment in both LCCL. Conclusion: Single agent BEZ235 had greater anti-proliferation effect than BKM120 in both LCCL. The sequential treatment of D followed by BEZ235 or BKM120 did not lead to increased anti-proliferation effect. The potential explanation of lack of synergistic effect may due to suppression of PI3K by pretreatment with D. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Chao H. Huang, Christopher Beaudoin, Peter Van Veldhuizen, Faris Farassati. Comparison of anti-proliferation activity of BEZ 235, a multi-step inhibitor of mTOR pathway, vs. BKM120, a pan PI3K inhibitor, in lung cancer cell lines (LCCL). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4528. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4528
Chapter 8 Effects of aging on motor unit structure and function

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the effects of aging on the structure and function of a motor unit (MU). The chapter focuses on the effects of aging on the spatial organization of MU fibers, the decreased force and speed of contraction, and the mechanisms underlying these changes at the MU, cellular and molecular levels. The chapter emphasizes on the potential mechanisms of the aging-related motor handicap at the MU, muscle-cell and motor-protein levels. Profound impairment of motor functions, such as the slowing of movement and muscle weakness, is a prominent feature of old age in most mammals. The mechanisms underlying these impairments are complex and involve different levels of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. However, the aging-related impairments at the MU level, such as an impaired force generating capacity and the decreased speed of contraction, play crucial roles in the inability to restore balance during a threatening fall. The chapter also focuses on these aging-related changes in the physiological properties at the single MU level and discusses possible underlying mechanisms at the MU, muscle-cell and motor-protein levels.
Anti-HER2 CD4(+) T-helper type 1 response is a novel immune correlate to pathologic response following neoadjuvant therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer.

A progressive loss of circulating anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu (HER2) CD4+ T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses is observed in HER2pos-invasive breast cancer (IBC) patients relative to healthy controls. Pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy (T + C) is associated with decreased recurrence and improved prognosis. We examined differences in anti-HER2 Th1 responses between pCR and non-pCR patients to identify modifiable immune correlates to pathologic response following neoadjuvant T + C. Anti-HER2 Th1 responses in 87 HER2pos-IBC patients were examined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells pulsed with 6 HER2-derived class II peptides via IFN-γ ELISPOT. Th1 response metrics were anti-HER2 responsivity, repertoire (number of reactive peptides), and cumulative response across 6 peptides (spot-forming cells [SFC]/106 cells). Anti-HER2 Th1 responses of non-pCR patients (n = 4) receiving adjuvant HER2-pulsed type 1-polarized dendritic cell (DC1) vaccination were analyzed pre- and post-immunization. Depressed anti-HER2 Th1 responses observed in treatment-naive HER2pos-IBC patients (n = 22) did not improve globally in T + C-treated HER2pos-IBC patients (n = 65). Compared with adjuvant T + C receipt, neoadjuvant T + C — utilized in 61.5 % — was associated with higher anti-HER2 Th1 repertoire (p = 0.048). While pCR (n = 16) and non-pCR (n = 24) patients did not differ substantially in demographic/clinical characteristics, pCR patients demonstrated dramatically higher anti-HER2 Th1 responsivity (94 % vs. 33 %, p = 0.0002), repertoire (3.3 vs. 0.3 peptides, p < 0.0001), and cumulative response (148.2 vs. 22.4 SFC/106, p < 0.0001) versus non-pCR patients. After controlling for potential confounders, anti-HER2 Th1 responsivity remained independently associated with pathologic response (odds ratio 8.82, p = 0.016). This IFN-γ+ immune disparity was mediated by anti-HER2 CD4+T-bet+IFN-γ+ (i.e., Th1) — not CD4+GATA-3+IFN-γ+ (i.e., Th2) — phenotypes, and not attributable to non-pCR patients’ immune incompetence, host-level T-cell anergy, or increased immunosuppressive populations. In recruited non-pCR patients, anti-HER2 Th1 repertoire (3.7 vs. 0.5, p = 0.014) and cumulative response (192.3 vs. 33.9 SFC/106, p = 0.014) improved significantly following HER2-pulsed DC1 vaccination. Anti-HER2 CD4+ Th1 response is a novel immune correlate to pathologic response following neoadjuvant T + C. In non-pCR patients, depressed Th1 responses are not immunologically “fixed” and can be restored with HER2-directed Th1 immune interventions. In such high-risk patients, combining HER2-targeted therapies with strategies to boost anti-HER2 Th1 immunity may improve outcomes and mitigate recurrence.
Minimum tax legislation and its effect on corporate financial reporting

Abstract In this study, the authors investigate imposing a minimum alternative tax (MAT) on Indian corporations during the 1996–1997 budget years. The authors have two objectives: to assess the new legislation's impact on tax revenue, and to determine how corporations responded to its imposition because of its explicit link to financial reporting. They first assess whether, on average, firms with low estimated tax rates before the imposition paid higher taxes after imposition and find, overall, that corporations paid, in total, a greater amount of their income in taxes. They also find that the largest firms in their sample experienced a smaller increase in their effective tax rates than smaller firms did. Next, they assess whether MAT-affected firms altered their financial statement reporting to reduce exposure to the MAT. Specifically, they assess whether a greater portion of MAT-affected firms changed their financial statement depreciation policies than non-MAT-affected firms. They report that, for their sample, a significant number of MAT-affected firms increased their depreciation rate after MAT imposition. The proportion of non-MAT-affected firms changing depreciation rates after imposition was not significant. They also partition MAT- and non-MAT-affected firms on increasing or decreasing book profit and find that MAT-affected firms made proportionally more changes. The authors conclude that the MAT appeared to have increased horizontal equity among taxpayers in India, but its tax revenue enhancement potential is limited by its scope, limited applicability, and avoidance behavior by affected corporations. My comments are directed at what I perceive to be motivational and methodological issues in the paper and the conclusions we can draw from the current representation.
Submatrices and Partitioned Matrices

Two very important (and closely related) concepts are introduced in this chapter: that of a submatrix and that of a partitioned matrix. These concepts arise very naturally in statistics (especially in multivariate analysis and linear models) and in many other disciplines that involve probabilistic ideas. And results on submatrices and partitioned matrices, which can be found in Chapters 8, 9, 13, and 14 (and other of the subsequent chapters), have proved to be very useful. In particular, such results are almost indispensable in work involving the multivariate normal distribution—refer, for example, to Searle (1971, sec. 2.4f).
Richard Rogers, Digital Methods

The interdisciplinary nature of scholarship on new media has allowed it to benefit tremendously from the exchange between differing and sometimes opposing epistemologies and approaches. Richard Rogers’ Digital Methods exemplifies the field’s eclectic roots as it engages with the mechanics of conducting research using new forms of media and the questions and presuppositions that could drive that research. The book bridges the divide between scholarship that attempts meta-critiques of power structures on the Web on the one hand, and those that emphasize a methodical and systematic analysis by delving into the data generated by web devices on the other. It begins by asking us to make a distinction between pre-existing methodologies and approaches that have been “digitized” for the Web and the “natively digital” ones that are born out of—and hence unique to—the Web’s medium. In differentiating between the two, Rogers emphasizes the need to “follow the medium” and make allowances for the distinct ways in which the Web generates data. This McLuhanesque emphasis on the uniqueness of the medium weaves through the book as it shows us ways to analyze the Web’s data— ranging from hyperlinks, search engine results, Wikipedia pages, and social media profiles to Website archives and big data.
The K box, a conserved 3' UTR sequence motif, negatively regulates accumulation of Enhancer of split Complex transcripts

Cell-cell interactions mediated by the Notch receptor play an essential role in the development of the Drosophila adult peripheral nervous system (PNS). Transcriptional activation of multiple genes of the Enhancer of split Complex [E(spl)-C] is a key intracellular response to Notch receptor activity. Here we report that most E(spl)-C genes contain a novel sequence motif, the K box (TGTGAT), in their 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs). We present three lines of evidence that demonstrate the importance of this element in the post-transcriptional regulation of E(spl)-C genes. First, K box sequences are specifically conserved in the orthologs of two structurally distinct E(spl)-C genes (m4 and m8) from a distantly related Drosophila species. Second, the wild-type m8 3′ UTR strongly reduces accumulation of heterologous transcripts in vivo, an activity that requires its K box sequences. Finally, m8 genomic DNA transgenes lacking these motifs cause mild gain-of-function PNS defects and can partially phenocopy the genetic interaction of E(spl) D with Notch spl . Although E(spl)-C genes are expressed in temporally and spatially specific patterns, we find that K box-mediated regulation is ubiquitous, implying that other targets of this activity may exist. In support of this, we present sequence analyses that implicate genes of the iroquois Complex (Iro-C) and engrailed as additional targets of K box-mediated regulation.
Effects of tasks on information-seeking behavior in a police work environment in the context of criminal intelligence

Although dominant effects of tasks on individuals’ information-seeking behavior is accepted by many scholars, a limited number of studies has been conducted to reveal the nature of the relationship between tasks and information-seeking behavior. In their studies, some earlier researchers categorized tasks according to their complexity while others did the same according to the specifications of tasks. Two of the groundbreaking researchers in this area are Katriina Bystrom and Kalervo Jarvelin who contributed to the understanding of the relationship between task complexity and information-seeking behavior. However, their findings also need empirical support for theory growth. In response to this need, this study attempts to test Bystrom and Jarvelin’s findings through a research using different research methods and applied in a police work environment. Other than providing empirical support for theory growth, this research is also expected to contribute to the understudied area of police information-seeking behavior. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the participants who came from traffic, homicide, and anti-terrorism divisions of Ankara, Eskisehir, and Kirikkale Police Departments in Turkey. The participants identified terrorism cases as the most complex cases to solve, followed by homicide and traffic accident cases. Differences in the information-seeking behavior of three groups of police officers were examined through qualitative and quantitative data analysis. One-way ANOVA technique and post hoc comparisons were used to analyze the quantitative data. In addition to shedding light on information-seeking behavior of police officers investigating related cases in Turkey, the results provided support for Bystrom and Jarvelin’s findings. For instance, the officers investigating more complex tasks used significantly more information sources than the others, while the use of external information sources was significantly higher in more complex cases.
Drug eluting versus bare metal stents in cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a systematic review of literature.

Background: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a distinct pathological condition characterized by diffuse and progressive arteriopathy and it is an important determinant of long-term graft survival. Definitive CAV treatment is retransplantation but palliation with stenting might temporarily alleviate it. The benefit of drug eluting stents (DES) over bare metal stents (BMS) in the treatment of such lesions is debatable. We therefore sought to do a literature search to review the available evidence comparing DES to BMS. Methods: We conducted Pub Med, EMBASE, Cochrane database review, Web of Science search of studies comparing DES with BMS in CAV. Available studies were retrospective in nature with either direct comparison groups (n = 5) or historical controls (n = 1). The main outcomes analyzed were in stent restenosis (ISR) during follow-up and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 312 patients from six studies were included in the review (1995–2007). Most commonly used DES were sirolimus eluting stent. DES appeared to reduce the long-term risk of ISR compared with BMS. Three of the five studies showed a statistically significant reduction in ISR at 12 months while the one study assessing ISR at 6 months showed no significant difference. Clinical endpoints such as death and major adverse cardiac events were not statistically different. Conclusion: DES appear to reduce the incidence of ISR in CAV as compared with BMS. Prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the clinical benefit of DES beyond a reduction in ISR. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The charge coupled device as an interdigitally distributed RC network

Abstract A charge coupled device with phasor sets in different structures is considered as an interdigitally distributed RC network, and is analyzed by small a.c. signal measurements. The bias voltage and a.c. frequency dependent admittances measured at source and/or drain diffusion terminals are used to characterize the electronic structure under each phasor set. An experimental example is illustrated by using a PCCD with four phasors in two oxide level sets. Oxide thicknesses, electron mobility and doping profiles of the ion-implant layer under each oxide level are obtained by applying the a.c. signal to each phasor set. Channel depth, epitaxial and substrate concentrations are also determined by applying the a.c. signal to the substrate terminal.
A device for facilitating the computation of the first four moments about the mean

A mechanical device is described which materially reduces the time, labor, and probability of errors which are involved in the computation of certain moments about the mean. The use of the device is illustrated with the computation of the mean, standard deviation,g1 as a measure of skewness, andg2 as a measure of kurtosis of data from a given study.