cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal Semi-Partitioned Scheduling in Soft Real-Time Systems

Semi-partitioned real-time scheduling algorithms extend partitioned ones by allowing a (usually small) subset of tasks to migrate. The first such algorithm to be proposed was directed at soft real-time (SRT) sporadic task systems where bounded deadline tardiness is acceptable. That algorithm, called EDF-fm, has the desirable property that migrations are boundary-limited, i.e., they can only occur at job boundaries. However, it is not optimal because per-task utilization restrictions are required. In this paper, a new optimal semi-partitioned scheduling algorithm for SRT sporadic task systems is proposed that eliminates such restrictions. This algorithm, called EDF-os, preserves the boundary-limited property. In overhead-aware schedulability experiments presented herein, EDF-os proved to be better than all other tested alternatives in terms of schedulability in almost all considered scenarios. It also proved capable of ensuring very low tardiness bounds, which were near zero in most considered scenarios.
The Main Problem of Lunar Theory Solved by the Method of Brown

Brown's method for solving the main problem of lunar theory has been adapted for the computation by machine with the help of an algebraic processor. Brown's results are first recovered and refined. The solution is then expanded to include most terms of order nine. The terms in the series for the longitude and latitude are listed with an accuracy of 0.000 01“ and of 0.000 001” for the parallax.
New High-Pressure Form of the Negative Thermal Expansion Materials Zirconium Molybdate and Hafnium Molybdate

High-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments on cubic ZrMo2O8 have shown that the material undergoes a first-order phase transition involving an 11% volume decrease between 0.7 and 2.0 GPa under quasi-hydrostatic conditions. The transition is reversible upon decompression, but shows considerable hysteresis. Similar behavior was observed for cubic HfMo2O8. Under nonhydrostatic conditions, the cubic materials start to amorphize above 0.3 GPa and can be converted to the monoclinic polymorphs when heated under pressure. This is the first time that monoclinic HfMo2O8 was observed.
Application of Chiral Mixed Phosphorus/Sulfur Ligands to Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions

A modular approach to the synthesis of a class of mixed phosphorus/sulfur ligands was designed to identify important ligand structural features for enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic subsitutions of acyclic and cyclic ayllic esters. After a systematic variation of the ligand substituents at sulfur, phosphorus, and the ligand backbone, ligand 11k was found to be optimal in the palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution of 1,3-diphenylpropenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate or benzylamine in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity (95−98% ee). A similar optimization of the mixed phosphorus/sulfur ligand for the palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution of cycloalkenyl acetates showed that 49g afforded the highest enantioselectivities (91−97% ee). Application of this methodology to heterocyclic substrates was developed as an efficient approach to the enantioselective synthesis of 3-substituted piperidines and dihydrothiopyrans. Models for asymmetric induction are discussed based on the absolute st...
Normalization of Ideals and Briancon-Skoda Numbers

We establish bounds for the coefficiente1(I) of the Hilbert function of the integral closure filtration of equimultiple ideals. These values are shown to help control all algorithmic processes of normalization that make use of extensions satisfying the condition S2 of Serre.
Sectional curvature for Riemannian manifolds with density

In this paper we introduce two new notions of sectional curvature for Riemannian manifolds with density. Under both notions of curvature we classify the constant curvature manifolds. We also prove generalizations of the theorems of Cartan–Hadamard, Synge, and Bonnet–Myers as well as a generalization of the (non-smooth) 1/4-pinched sphere theorem. The main idea is to modify the radial curvature equation and second variation formula and then apply the techniques of classical Riemannian geometry to these new equations.
Allenamide hydro-hydroxyalkylation: 1,2-amino alcohols via ruthenium-catalyzed carbonyl anti-aminoallylation.

Exposure of alcohols to allenamides in the presence of RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 and dippf [dippf = bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene] results in hydrogen transfer to generate aldehyde−allylruthenium pairs...
Software project management towards failure avoidance

Development tasks, in the thousands or more, are involved in a complex system/software project. These tasks aim at three objectives in the project, namely on budget, on time and on performance. Behind these tasks are decisions made on them to move the project forward. Project failure is an aggregated and cumulative failure of these tasks due to errors in tasks and/or decisions made. The project errors from faulty strategies to wrong builds, collectively called exceptions are much harder to detect than cost overrun (amounts spent) or time delay. The paper suggests a biologically-inspired approach to project failure avoidance which is different than most. It focuses on exposing exceptions as they occur and understanding the decisions made on them. Thus, there are two pieces needed for the proposed approach. The base piece is a management by exception (MBE) framework to monitor development exceptions occurred for management attention. The second piece is an adapted measurement method which will elicit, analyse and evaluate the decisions made on the reported exceptions. We argue that using the proposed approach, failure avoidance is possible and software project performance (in scope, intended features and desired quality) would be under control, and so are expected cost and time.
Coxeter cochain complexes

We define the Coxeter cochain complex of a Coxeter group (G, S) with coefficients in a ℤ[G]-module A. This is closely related to the complex of simplicial cochains on the abstract simplicial complex I(S) of the commuting subsets of S. We give some representative computations of Coxeter cohomology and explain the connection between the Coxeter cohomology for groups of type A, the (singular) homology of certain configuration spaces, and the (Tor) homology of certain local Artin rings.
Algebraization of bundles on non-proper schemes

We study the algebraization problem for principal bundles with reductive structure groups on a non-proper formal scheme. When the formal scheme can be compactified by adding a closed subset of codimension at least 3, we show that any such bundle admits an algebraization. For codimension 2 we provide a necessary and sufficient condition.
Chemoselective one-pot reductive deamination of aryl amines

Abstract A one-pot deamination of a wide variety of substituted anilines is described. The process involves a diazotization-dediazotization utilizing acetic acid, sodium nitrite, and sodium bisulfite- inexpensive, ‘green’ reagents. The process occurs quickly under mild conditions, tolerates sensitive functionality, and gives products in modest-to-good yields (16–88%).
Evaporation of Schwarzschild black holes in Matrix Theory

Abstract Recently, in collaboration with Susskind, we proposed a model of Schwarzschild black holes in Matrix Theory. A large Schwarzschild black hole is described by a metastable bound state of a large number of D0-branes which are held together by a background, whose structure has so far been understood only in 8 and 11 dimensions. The Hawking radiation proceeds by emission of small clusters of D0-branes. We estimate the Hawking rate in the Matrix Theory model of Schwarzschild black holes and find agreement with the semiclassical rate up to an undetermined numerical coefficient of order 1.
Bioethical accreditation or rating needed to restore trust in pharma

After years of decline in the public eye, drug companies should implment a bioethics accreditation or rating program to help appropriately restore the industry's good name and improve its effectiveness in advancing global health and new treatments.
Migration, Remittances, and Children’s Schooling in Haiti

The authors examine the impact of remittances on the schooling of children in various Haitian communities with a high incidence of out-migration. After addressing the endogeneity of remittance receipt, they find that, in some communities, remittances raise school attendance for all children regardless of whether they have household members abroad. However, in other communities, this effect is observed only among children living in households that do not experience any family out-migration. Hence, while the receipt of remittances by the household lifts budget constraints and raises the children’s likelihood of being schooled, the disruptive effect of household out-migration imposes an economic burden on the remaining household members and reduces children’s school attendance. As such, remittances ameliorate the negative disruptive effect of household out-migration on children’s schooling in some migrating communities in Haiti and, therefore, contribute to the accumulation of human capital in the midst of e...
Heavy Neutral Beam Probe space potential measurements of the Helimak experiment (Te ∼ 10 eV)

Summary form only given. The Heavy Neutral Beam Probe (HNBP) for the Helimak low temperature plasma experiment has been developed at the University of Texas at Austin (UT-Austin). The HNBP is based on the highly successful Heavy Ion Beam Probe (HIBP), but is engineered to work in the low temperature plasma regime (Te &#60; 40 eV). The greatest difficutly to operation at low electron temperatures is that the measurement signal is enabled by electron-impact ionization events, which become increasingly rare when the temperature dips to ∼10 eV. This problem is overcome by probing the plasma with a neutral alkali metal (Na) and by modulating the probing beaming with a square wave (chopping) and recovering the signal with phase sensitive detection.
Exact distribution of energies in the two-dimensional ising model.

The low-temperature series expansion for the partition function of the two-dimensional Ising model on a square lattice can be determined exactly for finite lattices using Kaufman's generalization of Onsager's solution. The exact distribution function for the energy can then be determined from the coefficients of the partition function. This provides an exact solution with which one can compare energy histograms determined in Monte Carlo simulations. This solution should prove useful for detailed studies of statistical and systematic errors in histogram reweighting.
Effects of Magnetic Fields on Radiatively Overstable Shock Waves

We discuss high-resolution simulations of one-dimensional, plane-parallel shock waves with mean speeds of between 150 and 240 km s-1 propagating into gas with Alfven velocities of up to 40 km s-1 and outline the conditions under which these radiative shocks experience an oscillatory instability in the cooling length, the shock velocity, and the position of the shock front. We investigate two forms of postshock cooling: a truncated single power law and a more realistic piecewise power law. The degree of nonlinearity of the instability depends strongly on the cooling power law and the Alfven Mach number: for power-law indices α < 0, typical magnetic field strengths may be insufficient either for stabilizing the fundamental oscillatory mode or for preventing the oscillations from reaching nonlinear amplitudes.
The Interaction of Residential Segregation and Employment Discrimination

Abstract This paper seeks to disentangle the impact of residential segregation from that of employment discrimination in determining black employment share. The major finding is that distance of a workplace from the main ghetto is one of the strongest and most significant determinants of both changes over time and levels of the racial composition of the workforce. This paper presents evidence of more heterogeneous micro labor supply within SMSAs than has usually been recognized for policy purposes. Comparing Chicago with Los Angeles, we find that distance from the ghetto has a stronger impact in Chicago, and that this effect increased during the late 1970s. By contrast, residential segregation is relatively less important in determining workplace demographics in Los Angeles, despite its rudimentary public transit system and prototypical job dispersion. In both cities, residential segregation strongly influences black employment patterns and limits the efficacy of efforts to integrate the workplace.
Acute pulmonary complications of molar pregnancy

Of 128 patients receiving primary treatment for molar pregnancy at Women's Hospital, Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center, after uterine evacuation 12 (10.7%) developed self-limited, acute pulmonary complications characterized by tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. Multiple contributing factors have been identified which include trophoblastic deportation, hyperthyroidism, fluid overload, dilutional anemia, and pre-eclampsia. While the final outcome was uniformly benign in our group, deaths have been reported. These patients are also at an increased risk for postmolar trophoblastic disease. The diagnosis and management of the postmolar pulmonary complications are discussed.
Checkpoint Kinase 1 Regulates Diallyl Trisulfide-induced Mitotic Arrest in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

We have shown previously that diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a constituent of processed garlic, inhibits proliferation of PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells by causing G2-M phase cell cycle arrest in association with inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity and hyperphosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser216. Here, we report that DATS-treated PC-3 and DU145 cells are also arrested in mitosis as judged by microscopy following staining with anti-α-tubulin antibody and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and flow cytometric analysis of Ser10 phosphorylation of histone H3. The DATS treatment caused activation of checkpoint kinase 1 and checkpoint kinase 2, which are intermediaries of DNA damage checkpoints and implicated in Ser216 phosphorylation of Cdc25C. The diallyl trisulfide-induced Ser216 phosphorylation of Cdc25C as well as mitotic arrest were significantly attenuated by knockdown of check-point kinase 1 protein in both PC-3 and DU145 cells. On the other hand, depletion of checkpoint kinase 2 protein did not have any appreciable effect on G2 or M phase arrest or Cdc25C phosphorylation caused by diallyl trisulfide. The lack of a role of checkpoint kinase 2 in diallyl trisulfide-induced phosphorylation of Cdc25C or G2-M phase cell cycle arrest was confirmed using HCT-15 cells stably transfected with phosphorylation-deficient mutant (T68A mutant) of checkpoint kinase 2. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest existence of a checkpoint kinase 1-dependent mechanism for diallyl trisulfide-induced mitotic arrest in human prostate cancer cells.
Reversible addition of hydroxide to the fullerenes

Abstract Heating a highly colored solution of C60/C70 in toluene in the presence of excess solid KOH under vacuum results in decolorization of the solution with the formation of a precipitate. Addition of oxygen to the resultant cooled mixture regenerates the C60/C70 in 76% yield. An examination of the electronic spectrum as the reaction proceeds indicates that C60 reacts slower than C70. Addition of hydroxide ions to the fullerene cages to generate oxygenated potassium fullerides is postulated.
Design of incentive schemes and the new Soviet incentive model

The paper investigates the New Soviet Incentive Scheme and managerial target-setting in a general framework of incentive scheme design. The New Soviet Incentive Scheme is an example of delegation of decision-making responsibility due to asymmetrically informed agents. Its superiority to a system, where targets are set by the planner, is established. The new scheme is furthermore compared to the old system where targets are revised based on past performance. The ratchet effect of the old revision system is argued to have desirable properties, in contrast to earlier views in the literature. Yet, circumstances are described under which the old revision procedure is dominated by the new scheme. This establishes a social value for the suggested reform and more generally for the use of managerial discretion in setting their own goals.
Accretion Disk Illumination in Schwarzschild and Kerr Geometries: Fitting Formulae

We describe the methodology and compute the illumination of geometrically thin accretion disks around black holes of arbitrary spin parameter a exposed to the radiation of a pointlike isotropic source at arbitrary height above the disk on its symmetry axis. We then provide analytic fitting formulae for the illumination as a function of the source height h and the black hole angular momentum a. We find that for a source on the disk symmetry axis and with h/M > 3, the main effect of the parameter a is allowing the disk to extend to smaller radii (approaching r/M → 1 as a/M → 1) and thus allowing the illumination of regions of much higher rotational velocity and redshift. We also compute the illumination profiles for anisotropic emission associated with the motion of the source relative to the accretion disk and present the fractions of photons absorbed by the black hole, intercepted by the disk, or escaping to infinity for both isotropic and anisotropic emission for a/M = 0 and 0.99. As the anisotropy (of a source approaching the disk) increases, the illumination profile reduces (approximately) to a single power law, whose index q, because of absorption of the beamed photons by the black hole, saturates to a value no higher than q 3. Finally, we compute the fluorescent Fe line profiles associated with the specific illumination and compare them among various cases.
Iterative explicit guidance for low thrust spacecraft.

A retargeting procedure is developed for use as a nonlinear low thrust guidance scheme. The selection of a control program composed of a sequence of inertially fixed thrust-acceleration vectors permits all trajectory computations to be made with closed form expressions, and allows the controls to be represented by constant parameters, thrust-acceleration vectors and thrusting times. By requiring each trajectory to be time optimal, the guidance problem is transformed into a parameter optimization problem which is solved by the conjugate gradient method. The scheme is applied to a low thrust capture mission, and the results of computer simulations are presented.
Tort liability and obstetricians' care levels

In this study, we assess practice changes made in response to the threat of tort liability in the field of obstetrics, which has one of the highest levels of premiums, claim frequency, and mean dollar value of paid claims. There is much "conventional wisdom" about effects of tort liability risk on obstetrical practice based on obstetricians' perceptions of changes that have occurred. Our data comes from the Survey of Obstetrical Care in 1992, a survey of 963 women who had given birth in 1987 in 31 counties in Florida conducted for purposes of this study and related studies of medical malpractice and birth outcomes. Our results suggest that some antenatal testing is responsive to variation in the threat of being used. But for most measures included in our study, half of the antenatal testing variables, the decision to perform a cesarean section, and various dimensions of maternal satisfaction with care, our empirical analysis failed to reveal that obstetricians practice more "defensively" in areas with relatively high suit rates. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Balancing the Interactions of Ions, Water, and DNA in the Drude Polarizable Force Field

Recently we presented a first-generation all-atom Drude polarizable force field for DNA based on the classical Drude oscillator model, focusing on optimization of key dihedral angles followed by extensive validation of the force field parameters. Presently, we describe the procedure for balancing the electrostatic interactions between ions, water, and DNA as required for development of the Drude force field for DNA. The proper balance of these interactions is shown to impact DNA stability and subtler conformational properties, including the conformational equilibrium between the BI and BII states, and the A and B forms of DNA. The parametrization efforts were simultaneously guided by gas-phase quantum mechanics (QM) data on small model compounds and condensed-phase experimental data on the hydration and osmotic properties of biologically relevant ions and their solutions, as well as theoretical predictions for ionic distribution around DNA oligomer. In addition, fine-tuning of the internal base parameters...
Composition and structure of protoneutron stars

Abstract We investigate the structure of neutron stars shortly after they are born, when the entropy per baryon is of order 1 or 2 and neutrinos are trapped on dynamical timescales. We find that the structure depends more sensitively on the composition of the star than on its entropy, and that the number of trapped neutrinos play an important role in determining the composition. Since the structure is chiefly determined by the pressure of the strongly interacting constituents and the nature of the strong interactions is poorly understood at high density, we consider several models of dense matter, including matter with strangeness-rich hyperons, a kaon condensate and quark matter. In all cases, the thermal effects for an entropy per baryon of order 2 or less are small when considering the maximum neutron star mass. Neutrino trapping, however, significantly changes the maximum mass due to the abundance of electrons. When matter is allowed to contain only nucleons and leptons, trapping decreases the maximum mass by an amount comparable to, but somewhat larger than, the increase due to finite entropy. When matter is allowed to contain strongly interacting negatively charged particles, in the form of strange baryons, a kaon condensate, or quarks, trapping instead results in an increase in the maximum mass, which adds to the effects of finite entropy. A net increase of order 0.2 M ⊙ occurs. The presence of negatively-charged particles has two major implications for the neutrino signature of gravitational collapse supernovae. First, the value of the maximum mass will decrease during the early evolution of a neutron star as it loses trapped neutrinos, so that if a black hole forms, it either does so immediately after the bounce (accretion being completed in a second or two) or it is delayed for a neutrino diffusion timescale of ~ 10 s . The latter case is most likely if the maximum mass of the hot star with trapped neutrinos is near 1.5 M ⊙ . In the absence of negatively-charged hadrons, black hole formation would be due to accretion and therefore is likely to occur only immediately after bounce. Second, the appearance of hadronic negative charges results in a general softening of the equation of state that may be observable in the neutrino luminosities and average energies. Further, these additional negative charges decrease the electron fraction and may be observed in the relative excess of electron neutrinos compared to other neutrinos.
Topology of spaces of equivariant symplectic embeddings

We compute the homotopy type of the space of T"-equivariant symplectic embeddings from the standard 2n-dimensional ball of some fixed radius into a 2n-dimensional symplectic-toric manifold (M, σ), and use this computation to define a Z ≥0 -valued step function on R ≥0 which is an invariant of the symplectic-toric type of (M, σ). We conclude with a discussion of the partially equivariant case of this result.
Mild, rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated terminal and internal alkenes with primary and secondary amines.

We report a series of mild, rhodium-catalyzed hydroaminations of unactivated olefins with primary and secondary alkylamines to form the corresponding five- and six-membered products in excellent yields. The reactions form exclusively the product from hydroamination without competitive oxidative amination or olefin isomerization with catalysts generated from a biaryl dialkyl phosphine and an analogue of Xantphos. A variety of functional groups were tolerated by the hydroamination process, including hydroxyl, halo, cyano, and carboalkoxyl groups.
A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach for Observational Gene Expression Studies

Identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes associated with a sample characteristic is the primary objective of many microarray studies. As more and more studies are carried out with observational rather than well controlled experimental samples, it becomes important to evaluate and properly control the impact of sample heterogeneity on DE gene finding. Typical methods for identifying DE genes require ranking all the genes according to a preselected statistic based on a single model for two or more group comparisons, with or without adjustment for other covariates. Such single model approaches unavoidably result in model misspecification, which can lead to increased error due to bias for some genes and reduced efficiency for the others. We evaluated the impact of model misspecification from such approaches on detecting DE genes and identified parameters that affect the magnitude of impact. To properly control for sample heterogeneity and to provide a flexible and coherent framework for identifying simultaneously DE genes associated with a single or multiple sample characteristics and/or their interactions, we proposed a Bayesian model averaging approach which corrects the model misspecification by averaging over model space formed by all relevant covariates. An empirical approach is suggested for specifying prior model probabilities. We demonstrated through simulated microarray data that this approach resulted in improved performance in DE gene identification compared to the single model approaches. The flexibility of this approach is demonstrated through our analysis of data from two observational microarray studies.
Improved transverse shear calculations for rate-dependent analyses of polymer matrix composites

A numerical procedure has been developed to investigate the nonlinear and strain-rate-dependent deformation response of polymer matrix composite laminated plates under high strain-rate impact loadings. A recently developed strength of materials based micromechanics model, incorporating a set of nonlinear, strain-rate-dependent constitutive equations for the polymer matrix, is extended to account for the transverse shear effects during impact. Four different assumptions of transverse shear deformation are investigated to improve the developed strain-rate-dependent micromechanics model. The validities of these assumptions are investigated using numerical and theoretical approaches. A method to determine through the thickness strain and transverse Poisson’s ratio of the composite is developed. The revised micromechanics model is then implemented into a higher-order laminated plate theory that is modified to include the effects of inelastic strains. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the mechanical response of composite plates under high strain-rate loadings. Results show that the transverse shear stresses cannot be neglected in the impact problem. A significant level of strain-rate dependency and material nonlinearity is found in the deformation response of representative composite specimens. I. Introduction T HERE is a growing need in military and civil applications for composite materials that not only have good structural characteristics, but that also have good penetration resistance and greater strength after impact. Polymer matrix composites are very susceptible to projectile impact such as fragments, flying debris, or a failed rotor blade. If not contained, a projectile traveling at ballistic velocity could penetrate a polymer matrix composite plate or shell and cause fires, hull damage, occupant injury, and component malfunction. For example, an engine containment system must be capable of containing fragments traveling at ballistic velocities from a failed fan blade. Also, such an impact event may compromise the structural integrity of the composite and lead to catastrophic failure. Thus, it is important to develop the ability to predict the deformation and failure behavior of polymer matrix composites subject to high strainrate loading conditions. An analysis methodology must be able to account for any strain-rate effects, material nonlinearities, and transverse shear effects that may be present in the impact problem. Also, the computational efficiency is critical in the numerical analysis of such a problem. The objective of this work is to develop an efficient numerical framework for the analysis of engine containment systems made of polymer matrix composites that addresses the issues just discussed.
Wavelets and Imaging Informatics: A Review of the Literature

Modern medicine is a field that has been revolutionized by the emergence of computer and imaging technology. It is increasingly difficult, however, to manage the ever-growing enormous amount of medical imaging information available in digital formats. Numerous techniques have been developed to make the imaging information more easily accessible and to perform analysis automatically. Among these techniques, wavelet transforms have proven prominently useful not only for biomedical imaging but also for signal and image processing in general. Wavelet transforms decompose a signal into frequency bands, the width of which are determined by a dyadic scheme. This particular way of dividing frequency bands matches the statistical properties of most images very well. During the past decade, there has been active research in applying wavelets to various aspects of imaging informatics, including compression, enhancements, analysis, classification, and retrieval. This review represents a survey of the most significant practical and theoretical advances in the field of wavelet-based imaging informatics.
Finding elliptical shapes in an image using a pyramid architecture

Abstract The problem of finding elliptical shapes in an image on a pyramid architecture using moment properties is considered. Based on the moment principle, the proposed method can be employed to determine the five parameters of an elliptical shape in a given image, including the coordinates of the center of the ellipse, the length of minor and major axes, and the rotation angle of the major axis. A simulation program is also described.
Mixing of the noisy voter model

We prove that the noisy voter model mixes extremely fast - in time of O(log(n)) on any graph with n vertices - for arbitrarily small values of the "noise parameter". We then explain why, as a result, this is an example of a spin system that is always in the "high-temperature regime".
Analyzing and Optimizing Discretionary Information

FOR DEL COATES, PRODUCTS are a combination of essential information, without which an item is useless, and discretionary information, which can be modified to suit specific markets. Knowing how to manipulate discretionary information is a critical link between design and good business. Coates outlines a process for evaluating and tailoring the design of discretionary information to fit particular consumer groups.
Efficient Methodology for the Synthesis of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazoles

A general and efficient method for the preparation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles has been developed. The desired 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles (1) were prepared in good overall yield via two convergent routes. The key intermediate within both routes is substituted hydrazinecarboximidamide derivative 2.
Mechanical Properties of the Canine Aorta Following Hypercholesterolemia

The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the transverse wall properties of the upper descending thoracic aorta was studied in canines. Hypothyroid animals were fed a free diet supplemented with cholesterol, prophylthiouracil, and saturated fat (lard) for 11 mo. The mechanical properties of the wall showed marked changes following experimental pathology. The failure stress, failure elongation, and energy to failure decreased following hypercholesterolemia. The tensile response was bilinear in both the pathological and control tissues. In the initial region, which is controlled by elastic fibers, the response was left unchanged by the experimental pathology. In the secondary region, which is controlled by stretching of the collagen fibers, the intercept with the strain axis and the slope were decreased by the pathology. This indicates that there are changes in the strength-bearing collagen and its interaction with the amorphous matrix. However, no significant parallel histological changes were observed in the structure of collagen and elastic fibers. Although this phenomenon precedes the development of atherosclerotic plaques which are characteristic of a diagnosed human disease, the aortic wall is already "hardened" because of its reduced compliance resulting from the shift in the onset of secondary (collagen) response.
Einstein observations of supernova remnants

The Einstein Observatory has detected and mapped soft X-ray emission from ~ 40 galactic SNRs. The detectors covered the energy range 0.2–4.0 keV, and data were obtained between November 1978 and April 1981. The observatory was operated by a science Consortium comprising Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CFA), Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory (CAD, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). During 25% of the time the observatory was operated as a national facility, and used by guest observers.
Aerogel insulation applications for liquid hydrogen launch vehicle tanks

Abstract Solutions to thermal insulation problems using aerogel beads were demonstrated for space launch vehicles using a model of the space shuttle external tank’s liquid hydrogen (LH2) intertank. Test results using liquid helium show that with aerogel, the nitrogen mass inside the intertank is greatly reduced and free liquid nitrogen is eliminated. Physisorption within the aerogel was also investigated, showing that the sorption ratio (liquid nitrogen to aerogel beads) is about 62%. The insulating effectiveness of the aerogel shows that cryopumping is driven by thermal communication between warm and cold surfaces. This technology can solve heat transfer problems and augment existing thermal protection systems on launch vehicles.
Analytic design of digital flight controllers to realize aircraft flying quality specifications

Discrete time digital flight control systems design resulting in closed loop aircraft response characteristics approximation to prescribed flying quality specifications
A structured specification of a hierarchical operating system

This paper applies the concepts of hierarchical levels of abstraction and structured programming to the design of a large program system. An operating system for a multi-processor installation is specified that supports a large number of concurrently active processes and provides a virtual store for them. The specification is in an extended version of PASCAL, a high-level language.
The $G$-stable pieces of the wonderful compactification

Let G be a connected, simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field. There is a partition of the wonderful compactification of into finite many G-stable pieces, which was introduced by Lusztig. In this paper, we will investigate the closure of any G-stable piece in . We will show that the closure is a disjoint union of some G-stable pieces, which was first conjectured by Lusztig. We will also prove the existence of cellular decomposition if the closure contains finitely many -orbits.
{\hbar}-adic Quantum Vertex Algebras and Their Modules

This is a paper in a series to study vertex algebra-like structures arising from various algebras including quantum affine algebras and Yangians. In this paper, we study notions of \({\hbar}\)-adic nonlocal vertex algebra and \({\hbar}\)-adic (weak) quantum vertex algebra, slightly generalizing Etingof-Kazhdan’s notion of quantum vertex operator algebra. For any topologically free \({{\mathbb C}\lbrack\lbrack{\hbar}\rbrack\rbrack}\)-module W, we study \({\hbar}\)-adically compatible subsets and \({\hbar}\)-adically \({\mathcal{S}}\)-local subsets of (End W)[[x, x−1]]. We prove that any \({\hbar}\)-adically compatible subset generates an \({\hbar}\)-adic nonlocal vertex algebra with W as a module and that any \({\hbar}\)-adically \({\mathcal{S}}\)-local subset generates an \({\hbar}\)-adic weak quantum vertex algebra with W as a module. A general construction theorem of \({\hbar}\)-adic nonlocal vertex algebras and \({\hbar}\)-adic quantum vertex algebras is obtained. As an application we associate the centrally extended double Yangian of \({{\mathfrak s}{\mathfrak l}_{2}}\) to \({\hbar}\)-adic quantum vertex algebras.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 46*

Nuclear structure data available through January 1978 are compiled and evaluated. Adopted level and decay properties are given. The bulk of the data is presented pictorially for easy comparison. Experimental details, references, and additional comments, where required, are given in the text. All drawings, tables, and comments are reproduced from the evaluated nuclear structure data file (ENSDF). Any additions or corrections desired by the users should be addressed to the evaluators for maintenance and updating of the data file.
Relay placement for two-connectivity

Motivated by applications to wireless sensor networks, we study the following problem. We are given a set S of wireless sensor nodes, given as a multiset of points in a normed space. We seek to place a minimum-size (multi)set Q of wireless relay nodes in the normed space such that the unit-disk graph induced by Q ? S is two-connected. The unit-disk graph of a set of points has an edge between two points if their distance is at most 1.In Infocom 2006, Kashyap, Khuller, and Shayman present two algorithms, for the two variants of the problem: two-edge-connectivity and biconnectivity. For both they prove an approximation ratio of 2 d M S T , where d M S T is the maximum degree of a minimum-degree Minimum Spanning Tree in the normed space. It is known that in the Euclidean two-dimensional space, d M S T = 5 , and in the three dimensional space, d M S T = 12 .We give a tight analysis of variants of the same algorithms, obtaining approximation ratios of d M S T for biconnectivity and 2 d M S T - 1 for two-edge-connectivity respectively. To do so we prove additional structural properties regarding bypassing Steiner nodes in biconnected graphs.
Using service brokers for accessing backend servers for web applications

Web service infrastructures usually are comprised of front-end Web servers that accept requests and process them, and backend servers that manage data and services. Current Web servers use various API sets to access backend services. This model does not support service differentiation, overload control, caching of contents generated by backend servers. We have proposed a framework for using service brokers to facilitate these features. Service brokers are software agents that are the access points to backend services in Web servers. Unlike the current API-based scheme where accesses to backend services are through stateless and isolated APIs, in service broker framework, they are undertaken by passing messages to service brokers who gather all the requests and intelligently process them. We have prototyped this framework and validated its function in providing request clustering and service differentiation in accessing backend services. In addition, the performance in terms of the processing time is enhanced by this approach.
Time Deposits in the Definition of Money: Further Cross Country Inflation Evidence*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the concept of time deposits in the definition of money and presents cross country inflation evidence. In the June 1970 issue of the Economic Rccord, J. Conlisk presented some cross country inflation evidence on the moneyness of time and savings deposits. He concluded that the evidence there is indicates that savings and time deposits are better left out of the definition of money than included equally with currency and demand deposits. His sample consisted of average observations over the period 1950–1963 for most countries; results by development groups and for all countries were obtained. The chapter presents contrasting evidence based on average values over the period 1955–1968; immediate postwar reconstruction years were eliminated and the series was extended to more recent years.
The Negative Information Problem in Mechanical Diagnostics

Condition-based maintenance (CBM) is an emerging technology, which seeks to develop sensors and processing systems aimed at monitoring the operation of complex machinery such as turbine engines, rotor craft drivetrains, and industrial equipment. The goal of CBM systems is to determine the state of the equipment (i.e., the mechanical health and status), and to predict the remaining useful life for the system being 1 monitored. The success of such systems depends upon a number offactors, including: (1) the ability to design or use robust sensors for measuring relevant phenomena such as vibration, acoustic spectra, infrared emissions, oil debris, etc.; (2) real-time processing of the sensor data to extract useful information (such as features or data characteristics) in a noisy environment and to detect parametric changes that might be indicative of impending failure conditions; (3) fusion of multi-sensor data to obtain improved information beyond that available to a single sensor; (4) micro and macro level models, which predict the temporal evolution offailure phenomena; and finally, (5) the capability to perform automated approximate reasoning to interpret the results of the sensor measurements, processed data, and model predictions in the context of an operational environment. The latter capability is the focus of this paper. Although numerous techniques have emerged from the discipline of artificial intelligence for automated reasoning (e.g., rule-based expert systems, blackboard systems, case-based reasoning, neural networks, etc.), none of these techniques are able to satisfy all of the requirements for reasoning about condition-based maintenance. This paper provides an assessment of automated reasoning techniques for CBM and identifies a particular problem for CBM, namely, the ability to reason with negative information (viz., data which by their absence are indicative of mechanical status and health). A general architecture is introduced for CBM automated reasoning, which hierarchically combines implicit and explicit reasoning techniques. Initial experiments with fuzzy logic are also described.
Unusually Weak Diffuse Interstellar Bands toward HD 62542

As part of an extensive survey of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs), we have obtained optical spectra of the moderately reddened B5 V star HD 62542, which is known to have an unusual UV extinction curve of the type usually identified with dark clouds. The typically strongest of the commonly cataloged DIBs covered by the spectra—those at 5780, 5797, 6270, 6284, and 6614 A—are essentially absent in this line of sight, in marked contrast with other lines of sight of similar reddening. We compare the HD 62542 line of sight with others exhibiting a range of extinction properties and molecular abundances and interpret the weakness of the DIBs as an extreme case of deficient DIB formation in a dense cloud whose more diffuse outer layers have been stripped away. We comment on the challenges these observations pose for identifying the carriers of the diffuse bands.
Marinisporolides, Polyene-Polyol Macrolides from a Marine Actinomycete of the New Genus Marinispora

Two new polyene macrolides, marinisporolides A and B (1, 2), were isolated from the saline culture of the marine actinomycete, strain CNQ-140, identified as a member of the new marine genus Marinispora. The marinisporolides are 34-membered macrolides composed of a conjugated pentaene and several pairs of 1,3-dihydroxyl functionalities. Marinisporolide A (1) contains a bicyclic spiro-bis-tetrahydropyran ketal functionality, while marinisporolide B (2) is the corresponding hemiketal. The structures of these new compounds were assigned by combined spectral and chemical methods including extensive 2D NMR experiments and correlations of (13)C NMR data with Kishi's Universal NMR Database. Chemical modifications, including methanolysis, acetonide formation, and application of the modified Mosher method, provided the full stereostructures of these molecules. Three additional macrolides, marinisporolides C-E (3-5), which are olefin geometric isomers of marinisporolide A (1), were also isolated and their structures defined. Under room light, marinisporolides A and B readily photoisomerize to C-E indicating that they are most likely produced by photochemical conversion during the cultivation or isolation procedures. Although polyenes, marinisporolides A (1) and B (2) showed weak to no antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
Even dimensional manifolds and generalized anomaly cancellation formulas

We give a direct proof of a cancellation formula raised by Han and Zhang (2004) on the level of differential forms. We also obtain more cancellation formulas for even dimensional Riemannian manifolds with a complex line bundle involved. Relations among these cancellation formulas are discussed.
Biosensing in microfluidic channels using fluorescence polarization

Abstract Microfabricated microfluidic devices provide useful platforms for sensing and conducting immunoassays for high throughput screening and drug discovery. In this paper, fluorescence polarization (FP) has been used as a technique for probing binding events within 500 μm and smaller microfluidic channels fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane. The binding of concanavalin A to a lectin-dextran and a glycoprotein-acetylcholinesterase has been used to demonstrate the homogeneous, ratioing format of fluorescence polarization for the quick and accurate determination of extremely low concentrations. Concentrations of concanavalin A in the 0.2–1.0 nmole range were detected within 500 μm channels. Polarization has also been used to sense for a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) within a microfluidic channel using binding to a TRITC-labeled antibody. Specifically, concentrations of pyrene in a 10–40 nmole range were sensed in 500 μm microfluidic channels. We have also demonstrated a simple pH sensor based on the change in anisotropy of a pH sensitive fluorophore-SNAFL. The ease of fabrication and measurement using such polarization-based devices make them extremely suitable for micro-sized sensors, assays and total analysis systems.
Regulation of water balance as a function of the excretory system of the filariform larvae of Nippostrongylus muris and Ancylostoma caninum

Abstract 1. 1. The excretory system in the filariform larvae of N. muris and A. caninum is concerned with the regulation of water balance. 2. 2. There is an inverse relationship between pulsation rate of the excretory ampulla and solute concentration of the environment. 3. 3. With N. muris in sucrose solutions, over a certain range in concentration, pulsation rate is independent of solute concentration. 4. 4. In larvae in high solute concentrations, pulsations of the ampulla virtually disappear, but a rapid pulsation level is quickly attained when such larvae are transferred to distilled water.
Comparison of student success in Pascal and C-language curriculums

In September 1994, De Anza College in Cupertino, California added a CS1 C programming class to parallel its traditional Pascal offering. This paper reports on the history leading up to this decision, the success of the program, and our impressions after the first year.