cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Millimeterwave and Submillimeterwave Laboratory Spectroscopy in Support of Observational Astronomy

The recent advancements in far-infrared (far-IR) astronomy brought about by the Herschel, SOFIA, and ALMA observatories have led to technological advancements in millimeterwave and submillimeterwav...
Nanodot-to-Rod Transition and Particle Attachmentin Self-Organized Polycrystalline Aggregates

Biomorphs are smoothly curved micrometer-scale structures such as sheets, funnels, and helices. They form when alkaline earth metal ions react with carbonate in the presence of silicate and consist...
A comparison of the king vision® and glidescope® video intubation systems in patients at risk for difficult intubation

Abstract Background One factor that contributes to the difficulty during intubation is poor visualization of the airway anatomy during laryngoscopy. Aim To compare the efficacy and first-pass success rate of the King Vision® Video Laryngoscopes against the GlideScope® Video Laryngoscope in patients with anticipated difficult airways. Methods 225 adult patients scheduled for surgery requiring general anesthesia and tracheal intubation that met ≥2 of the following inclusion criteria: Mallampati classification (MP) III-IV, inter-incisor distance 43 cm, and/or thyromental distance Results The rate of success of tracheal intubation was 96% for GS, 81.3% for KV-Ch, and 96% for KV-NCh. Furthermore, first-pass success was highest for the KV-NCh at 89.3%, with GS and KV-Ch having a significant difference (P = 0.0083). Conclusion The GS and KV-NCh performed similarly in facilitating successful tracheal intubation during the first attempt. In contrast, the KV-Ch was less successful overall.
Identifying Common Features in the Activation of Melanocortin-2 Receptors: Studies on the Xenopus tropicalis Melanocortin-2 Receptor

The interaction between the pituitary hormone, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) orthologs involves the H6 F7 R8 W9 and R/K15 K16 R17 R18 motifs in ACTH making contact with corresponding contact sites on MC2R. Earlier studies have localized the common HFRW binding site of all melanocortin receptors to residues in TM2, TM3, and TM6 that are located close to the extracellular space. The current study has identified residues in Xenopus tropicalis (xt) MC2R in TM4 (I158, F161), in EC2 (M166), and in TM5 (V172) that also are involved in activation of xtMC2R, and may be in the R/KKRR contact site of xtMC2R. These results are compared to earlier studies on the corresponding domains of human MC2R and rainbow trout MC2R in an effort to identify common features in the activation of teleost and tetrapod MC2R orthologs following stimulation with ACTH.
Abstract 211: Substrate Elasticity Impacts Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cardiomyopathy Progression

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a X-link disease affecting ~1:3500 boys per year and culminating with heart failure in early adulthood. DMD results from >200 possible genetic mutations on dyst...
A Case Report on Type 2 Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis and Hypercalcemia.

Abstract Amiodarone, the most commonly used antiarrhythmic drug, can cause either hypothyroidism by inhibiting iodide transport into the thyroid gland or hyperthyroidism. We present a rare case of type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis with hypercalcemia. A 64-year-old man with systolic heart failure, hypertension, and hyperthyroidism presented with complaints of dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and vomiting for several days. Laboratory tests showed low thyroid stimulating hormone 5.0 ng/dL, and hypercalcemia of 12.9 mg/dL. Hypercalcemia, a rare presentation of AIT, was treated with calcitonin and intravenous fluids. The patient was taken off methimazole and started on propylthiouracil for the persistent elevation of thyroid hormones, especially FT3, and to reduce the conversion of T4 to T3. The patient was not completely responding to treatment with propylthiouracil alone, so prednisone was added to the regimen on day 12, effectively returning the patient to the euthyroid state.
Prevention of Allergic-like Reactions at Repeat CT: Steroid Pretreatment versus Contrast Material Substitution

Background It is unclear whether steroid premedication is an effective means of preventing repeat allergic-like reactions in high-risk patients with a previous allergic-like reaction to iodinated contrast material (ICM). Purpose To compare the effectiveness of ICM substitution (ie, using iohexol in a patient with a previous iopromide reaction) with 12- and 2-hour steroid premedication for preventing repeat acute allergic-like reactions in high-risk patients. Materials and Methods This retrospective study identified all high-risk (ie, having a previous allergic-like reaction) adult and pediatric patients who underwent a contrast-enhanced CT examination at the institution from June 1, 2009, to May 9, 2017. Prophylactic treatments and repeat reactions were identified using chart review. The effectiveness of prophylactic treatments on repeat reaction rates was examined with multivariable regression models that used generalized estimating equations. Results A total of 1973 high-risk patients who underwent 4360 subsequent ICM-enhanced CT examinations were included. Of the 4360 examinations, a total of 280 allergic-like reactions occurred (6%) in 224 of the 1973 patients (11% of patients), with only 19 of 280 reactions (7%) that were more severe than the previous reaction being demonstrated. After adjustment, patients who received a different ICM with and without steroid premedication had a significantly lower rate of repeat reactions than did patients who received steroid premedication and the same ICM (same ICM and steroid premedication: 80 of 423 examinations [19%]; different ICM and no steroid premedication: 10 of 322 examinations [3%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.14 [95% CI: 0.06, 0.33]; P < .001; different ICM and steroid premedication: five of 166 patients [3%]; OR, 0.12 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.36]; P < .001). When examining the first scan only, patients who received the same ICM had a similar risk of repeat reactions regardless of whether they received steroid premedication (steroid premedication: 44 of 172 patients [26%] vs no premedication: 73 of 298 patients [25%]; OR, 1.00 [95% CI: 0.64, 1.57]; P = .99). Conclusion In this cohort, using an iodinated contrast material (ICM) substitution was more effective for preventing repeat allergic-like reactions than using steroid premedication and the same ICM that caused the previous reaction. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Davenport and Weinstein in this issue.
Mechanisms of Electrochemical N2 Splitting by a Molybdenum Pincer Complex

Molybdenum complexes supported by tridentate pincer ligands are exceptional catalysts for dinitrogen fixation using chemical reductants, but little is known about their prospects for electrochemical reduction of dinitrogen. The viability of electrochemical N2 binding and splitting by a molybdenum(III) pincer complex, (pyPNP)MoBr3 (pyPNP = 2,6-bis(tBu2PCH2)-C5H3N)), is established in this work, providing a foundation for a detailed mechanistic study of electrode-driven formation of the nitride complex (pyPNP)Mo(N)Br. Electrochemical kinetic analysis, optical and vibrational spectroelectrochemical monitoring, and computational studies point to two reaction pathways: in the “reaction layer” pathway, the molybdenum(III) precursor is reduced by 2e– and generates a bimetallic molybdenum(I) Mo2(-N2) species capable of N–N bond scission. In the “bulk solution” pathway the precursor is reduced by 3e– at the electrode surface to generate molybdenum(0) species that undergo chemical redox reactions via comproportionation in the bulk solution away from the electrode surface to generate the same bimetallic molybdenum(I) species capable of N2 cleavage. The comproportionation reactions reveal the surprising intermediacy of dimolybdenum(0) complex trans,trans-[(pyPNP)Mo(N2)2](-N2) in N2 splitting pathways. The same “over-reduced” molybdenum(0) species was also found to cleave N2 upon addition of lutidinium, an acid frequently used in catalytic reduction of dinitrogen.
Assessing economic impact of sovereignty transfer over Hong Kong: a synthetic control approach

This article compares the trajectory of Hong Kong’s purchasing power parity–adjusted GDP per capita before and after the 1997 handover with the trajectory of a weighted combination of similar econo...
Autopilot Design for Bank-to-Turn Missiles using LQG/LTR Methodology

An autopilot for the class of Bank-To-Turn missiles is developed using a truly multivariable plant model and control design methodology. Thus, the pitch-yaw cross-coupling is included in the design considerations. The autopilot design is then applied to example airframes and linear simultations are carried out. The limitations of nonminimum phasedness are illustrated for the specific systems at hand and, as a result, an alternate airframe is proposed, in which the nonminimum phase characteristics are for the most part eliminated in the pitch channel. The revised airframe produces responses which are approximately twice as fast compared with the original nonminimum phase airframes.
II—Some Persistent Presumptions of Hegelian Anti-Subjectivism

Like many other recent Hegelian accounts, Stephen Houlgate's severe critique of Kant's theoretical philosophy contends that, in contrast to Hegel, Kant's Critical system, especially because of its doctrine of transcendental idealism, presupposes a subjectivist and therefore inadequate position. On the basis of a moderate interpretation of Kant's idealism and his general Critical procedure, I defend Kant from the charge of subjectivism, and also give an account of how subjectivist interpretations in general can arise from a series of understandable misunderstandings of difficult passages in Kant's first Critique.
Local Synchronization on Oriented Rings

We consider the local mutual exclusion (LME) problem on a ring network. We present two self-stabilizing distributed algorithms, with local mutual exclusion, for the dining philosophers problem on a bidirectional oriented ring with two distinguished processes. The first algorithm, which uses the composite atomicity model, works under an unfair distributed daemon. The second algorithm, which uses the read-write atomicity model, works under a weakly fair daemon. Both algorithms use at most two extra bits per process to enforce local mutual exclusion. Both algorithms are derived from a simpler algorithm using transformations which can be applied to other algorithms on the ring. The technique can be generalized to more complex topologies.
EXPERIMENTS WITH ARTIFICIAL BLOOD-OXYGENATION ON NEWBORN DOGS.

Abstract 1.1. A pump-oxygenator for perfusion of small subjects has been described. It consists of a cascade membrane oxygenator, tow pumps driven by compressed air or oxygen, and electronic control systems. It has been shown that the fluctuation of blood volume does not exceed 3 ml. 2.2. Twelve dogs weighing from 2.1 to 6.0 kilograms were perfused for from 2 to 5 hours. Of the 9 surviving animals, 6 were perfused for 2 hours with a flow rate of approximately 100 ml. per kilogram per minute, and 3 were perfused for 5 hours with flow rates of from 50 ml. to 70 ml. per kilogram per minute. 3.3. One cascade membrane unit gives sufficient oxygenation for a perfusion flow rate of 250 ml. per minute. 4.4. These results have been encouraging, showing the possibilities of application of our apparatus and technique in perfusion of small subjects.
Pile Design in Clay Soils

Two types of forces act on piles: end-bearing acts on the bottom of the pile and skin friction acts on the sides of the pile. To compute the total load that can be applied to a pile, one needs to compute the end bearing and the skin friction acting on sides of the pile. It is usually assumed that ultimate skin friction is independent of the effective stress and depth. In reality, skin friction is dependent on effective stress and cohesion of soil. The skin friction acts on the perimeter surface of the pile. The total capacity of a pile depends on many parameters: skin friction, end-bearing capacity, negative skin friction, pile properties (toe area, perimeter area, pile material, pile flexibility), driving process (driven, jetted down, vibrated down, or jacked down), hammer type, hammer weight, and stroke for driven piles, and loading type (cyclic and vibratory loads reduce the pile capacity).
Effect of some piston variables on piston and ring assembly friction

The piston and ring assembly friction of a lightweight piston with lower compression height has been compared to that of a production assembly. Additional weight was added to the lightweight piston to study the effect of that variable alone. The lightweight piston reduced friction, especially in motoring tests. Within the speed range tested (up to 1640 rpm) the friction reduction of the lightweight piston could not be attributed to the lower mass itself.
Protecting the winner: Second-price versus oral auctions

Abstract In oral auctions, unlike sealed-bid second-price auctions, the winner never reveals his reservation price. We investigate bidders' strategies in the two auctions when third-parties can exploit information revealed by the auction. When exploitation is likely, oral auctions are more efficient than sealed-bid second-price auctions, and preferred by all participants.
Haptic Force Shading Parameter Effects on Path Tracing Accuracy

3D haptic drawing and painting require accurate interfaces for surface interaction. This study investigates the potential of varying stiffness and normal interpolation distance to improve the accuracy of surface path tracing performance on faceted meshes rendered with haptic force shading. For single point haptic feedback simulated with a sensable PHANToM arm, a formula for the just noticeable difference (JND) of stiffness was also derived. Higher stiffnesses reduced drawing errors up to a point, with an insignificant fall-off above an intermediate stiffness value of .55N/mm. The normal interpolation distance did not affect errors. Better surface path tracing accuracy was achieved by users who exerted lower forces, revealing the role of shortcomings in the surface contact point calculation method used by the General Haptic Open Software Toolkit (GHOST).
Comparative ecological niche models predict the invasive spread of variable-leaf milfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum) and its potential impact on closely related native species

Invasive species can alter patterns of biodiversity by displacing closely related native species that occupy similar habitats. We used multivariate ecological niche modeling to determine the potential spread and displacement of native congeners by the invasive aquatic plant, variable-leaf milfoil (VLM, Myriophyllum heterophyllum) in New Hampshire, USA. We show that VLM occurs almost exclusively in “higher order” lakes characterized as large, low elevation systems with relatively high pH, alkalinity and conductivity. In contrast, native milfoils occur across a broad range of lake orders. The strong association between lake order and VLM invasions suggests that VLM is most likely to displace native milfoils in higher order lakes. However, the mechanism by which VLM occurs in higher order lakes—higher propagule pressure versus higher growth and survivorship—is unclear. We therefore caution that native species may ultimately be susceptible to displacement from lower order lakes if the current distribution of VLM reflects higher propagule pressures. Our model provides a valuable tool for the prioritization of monitoring efforts.
Internal heating and thermal constraints on the mantle

Numerical simulations have been carried out to study the average temperature and thermal structure of an internally heated mantle. It is found that in an incompressible mantle the hottest parts are localized in regions of slow flow in the middle and upper mantle, whereas in a compressible mantle they occur over laterally extensive regions near the core-mantle boundary (CMB). For chondritic concentrations of heat-producing elements (hpe's), the average thermal conductivity in the mantle must be high to avoid heating the core, and the temperature of the CMB is low to avoid large-scale melting. The mantle may have been extensively molten in the Archaean.
Effect of cambendazole on swine kidneyworm, Stephanurus dentatus

Abstract Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of cambendazole against natural infections of the swine kidneyworm, Stephanurus dentatus, in sows. In the first trial, nine sows were given a single dose of 20 mg cambendazole/kg body weight, in the feed, and eight sows were not treated. In the second trial, five sows were given 40 mg cambendazole/kg body weight and four were untreated. Urine volume, S. dentatus eggs per milliliter of urine, egg hatchability, and larval survival to the third stage were determined pre and post treatment. Adult kidneyworms were counted at necropsy, 14 days after treatments. Only a temporary decline in egg hatchability was observed on the day after treatment in each trial, and cambendazole was not found to be effective against adults of S. dentatus.
Evaluation of potential induced radioactivity in medical products as a function of electron energy in electron beam sterilization

Abstract Commercial sterilization of medical devices may be performed using electron beam irradiators at various electron energies. The potential for activating components of the devices has been discussed, with current standards stating that electron energy greater than 10 MeV requires assessment of potential induced radioactivity. This paper evaluates the potential for induced activity in medical products sterilized in electron beam as a function of the electron maximum energy. Monte Carlo simulation of a surrogate medical device was used to calculate photon and neutron fields resulting from electron irradiation, which were used to calculate concentrations for several radionuclides. The experiments confirmed that 10 MeV is a conservative assumption for limiting induced radioactivity. However, under the conditions as evaluated, which is a limited total quantity of metal in the material being irradiated and absent a limited number of elements; the amount of induced activity at 12 MeV could also be considered insignificant. The comparison of the sum-of-fractions to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission exempt concentration limits is less than unity for all energies below 12.1 MeV, which suggests that there is minimal probability of significant induced activity at energies above the 10 MeV upper energy limit.
The corroboration paradox

Evidentiary propositions E1 and E2, each p-positively relevant to some hypothesis H, are mutually corroborating if p(H|E1 ∩ E2) > p(H|Ei), i = 1, 2. Failures of such mutual corroboration are instances of what may be called the corroboration paradox. This paper assesses two rather different analyses of the corroboration paradox due, respectively, to John Pollock and Jonathan Cohen. Pollock invokes a particular embodiment of the principle of insufficient reason to argue that instances of the corroboration paradox are of negligible probability, and that it is therefore defeasibly reasonable to assume that items of evidence positively relevant to some hypothesis are mutually corroborating. Taking a different approach, Cohen seeks to identify supplementary conditions that are sufficient to ensure that such items of evidence will be mutually corroborating, and claims to have identified conditions which account for most cases of mutual corroboration. Combining a proposed common framework for the general study of paradoxes of positive relevance with a simulation experiment, we conclude that neither Pollock’s nor Cohen’s claims stand up to detailed scrutiny. I am quite prepared to be told…”oh, thatis an extreme case: it could never really happen!” Now I have observed that this answer is always given instantly, with perfect confidence, and without any examination of the proposed case. It must therefore rest on some general principle: the mental process being something like this—“I have formed a theory. This case contradicts my theory. Therefore, this is an extreme case, and would never occur in practice.” Rev. Charles L. Dodgson
Chloroplast gene suppression of defective ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Chlamydomonas reinhardii: evidence for stable heteroplasmic genes

The rcl-u-1-18-5B chloroplast mutation results in the absence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) holoenzyme in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii. The 18-5B mutant strain lacks photosynthesis and displays alight-sensitive, acetate-requiring phenotype. In the present investigations, revertants of 18-5B were recovered that regained photosynthetic competence. These revertants have decreased levels of Rubisco holoenzyme relative to wild type and display heteroplasmicity, segregating wild-type (revertant) and acetate-requiring phenotypes during vegetative growth or through meiosis. One of these revertants, R10-I, was studied further. The heteroplasmicity associated with photoautotrophically-grown R10-I was found to be stable through subcloning and heritable through several crosses. During growth in acetate medium in the dark, where photosynthesis provides no selective advantage, the wild-type phenotype was lost. Acetate-requiring segregants became homoplasmic but wild-type segregants did not. Organellar intergenic-suppression is discussed in light of the observed stable heteroplasmicity.
Electronic contribution to the normal state ultrasonic attenuation in aluminum

Abstract The electronic contribution to the normal state ultrasonic attenuation of longitudinal waves propagating in aluminum has been measured over a wide range of ql . For ql ⪢ 1 the limiting values of α / f differ from the free electron predictions. In the limit ql ⪡1 the data can be fitted to the free electron theory with an isotropic mean free path close to that obtained from resistivity measurements.
Homo economicus: young gay and bisexual men and the new public health

Neoliberal ideology champions privatization, personal responsibility, and entrepreneurship, and public health practice under neoliberalism channels this individualized focus. Though this ‘new public health’ may be seen as a liberalizing practice of governance, in which individuals are free to maximize health and autonomy, this privatization also embeds responsibility within the individual without regard to existing or resulting inequalities. This paper examines the presence of neoliberal ideology in the narratives and subjectivities as it relates to HIV prevention in the lives of young gay and bisexual men living in New York City. We also seek to further the critique of neoliberalism in HIV prevention. The men often saw themselves or others as rational, autonomous agents, yet there were also clear instances where social and structural factors were at play. These factors influenced a subjectivity existing outside the narrow, atomistic framework of neoliberalism. Implicit moral hierarchies arose from notion...
Hydroxyl radical photoproduction in the sea and its potential impact on marine processes.

Photochemical production rates and steady-state concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) were measured in sunlight-irradiated seawater. Values ranged from 110 nanomolar per hour and 12 x 10(-18) molar in coastal surface water to 10 nanomolar per hour and 1.1 x 10(-18) molar in open ocean surface water. The wavelengths responsible for this production are in the ultraviolet B region (280 to 320 nanometers) of the solar spectrum. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) appears to be the main source for .OH over most of the oceans, but in upwelling areas nitrite and nitrate photolysis may also be important. DOM in the deep sea is degraded more readily by .OH (and its daughter radicals), by a factor of 6 to 15, than is DOM in open-ocean surface water. This finding may in part bear on major discrepancies among current methods for measuring dissolved organic carbon in seawater.
Chromatography of Amino Acids on Reversed Phase Thin Layer Plates

Abstract The separation of 19 amino acids was studied on reversed phase thin layers, including C18 chemically bonded silica gel, impregnated silica gel, and acetylated cellulose. Normal aqueous-organic solvents, aqueous micellar solutions, and reversed micellar solutions were tested as mobile phases. The only practical system that provided a reversal in migration sequence compared to silica gel and cellulose included a C18 layer impregnated with HDBS, and this reversal was apparently due to an ion exchange mechanism.
Arthrogryposis multiplex complex involving the temporomandibular joint.

Summary A case of arthrogryposis multiplex complex involving the temporomandibular joints is reported. The anatomy and physiopathology of the arthrogrypotic articulation are reviewed. The role of biomechanical factors in the development and maintenance of joint surfaces is discussed. Treatment modalities are proposed.
Drug Misuse and MotherhoodHilary Klee, Marcia Jackson and Suzan LewisRoutledge. ISBN: 0‐415‐27195‐9, 2002, 297 pp. with index, £19.99

(2003). Drug Misuse and MotherhoodHilary Klee, Marcia Jackson and Suzan LewisRoutledge. ISBN: 0‐415‐27195‐9, 2002, 297 pp. with index, £19.99. Journal of Substance Use: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 000-000.
SR 141716A enhances spatial memory as assessed in a radial-arm maze task in rats

A tonically active endogenous cannabinoid system has been proposed to modulate learning and memory. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether administration of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide HCl (SR 141716A) would enhance memory as assessed in an eight-arm radial maze task. Because the high degree of choice accuracy in the standard radial-arm maze procedure precludes the possibility of detecting memory enhancement, the difficulty of the task was increased by imposing a delay of varying durations between a two-phase procedure consisting of acquisition and test phases. Significantly fewer errors were committed during the test phase following an injection of SR 141716A than the vehicle treatment. These results provide additional evidence supporting the hypothesis that endogenous cannabinoid systems play a role in memory processes.
Mining for diamonds in the land of networking

Mining for diamonds in the land of networking is described in this paper. Because there is no job security, engineers must develop career security by planning and controlling their own destiny. This includes setting goals, taking reasonable risks, expecting detours along the way, not being afraid to fail but always learning failure and developing the confidence to take advantage of our opportunities everyday. Networking provides sources of information and improves the technical skills. Networking can improve the image by removing roadblocks of misunderstanding in the nontechnical world. Although engineering is based on technology, to be successful, engineers must also have effective nontechnical skills. The secret of success is joining these two important skill areas into a winning duo. A balanced approach of knowing as much about the technical field as possible over a life-long career and building networks by applying effective interpersonal and many other communication skills will maximize career success
The relationship between communication attitude and fluency failure of stuttering and nonstuttering children

This investigation was designed to determine the relationship, if any, between the speech-associated beliefs and fluency failures of grade-school children who do and do not stutter. Toward this end, a Dutch version of the Communication Attitude Test (C.A.T.) was administered to 55 age-matched Belgian children representative of the two groups. Their C.A.T. scores and the degree to which they emitted fluency failures during oral reading and conversation were correlated. For the children in the experimental group, the C.A.T. scores covaried to a statistically significant extent with both the failures thought to characterize stuttering and those considered to be normal disfluencies. In contrast, the communication attitude scores of the nonstutterers did not correlate with the display of either of these classes of fluency failure. These findings would seem to indicate both that the difference between children who stutter and those who do not involves more than the degree to which their speech is disrupted and that determining the communication attitude of children whose fluency is problematic can serve as an aid in differential diagnostic assessment and therapeutic considerations.
Modeling heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions in the high-temperature catalytic combustion of methane

A high-temperature, short-contact-time catalytic methane combustor is modeled as a plug-flow tubular reactor including both homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry. The gas-phase chemistry is modeled with GRI-mech 2.11 and the heterogeneous chemistry is modeled using an elementary 19-step mechanism for combustion of methane on platinum. Calculations are made at a variety of pressures, temperatures, compositions, and catalyst pore sizes to determine their effects on the reactor exhaust compositions. Comparisons are made between results for cases where only homogeneous chemistry is allowed, only heterogeneous chemistry is allowed, and where both mechanisms are allowed. It is found that the homogeneous chemistry in all cases is significantly inhibited by the heterogeneous chemistry, although alone each of these mechanisms takes place on similar time scales. This inhibition is a result of the adsorption of radical species from the gas phase to the surface of the catalyst, which prevents initiation of the gas-phase free-radical chain reactions.
An integrative framework for FMS diffusion

Existing FMS diffusion models do not capture many of the factors that impact FMS diffusion. The objective of this paper is to identify factors impacting the diffusion rate of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), to identify measurements of these factors, to provide an integrated framework to capture and group such factors, and to propose their expected impact on diffusion. We identify additional factors that, we believe, impact FMS diffusion and we extend the existing FMS diffusion models by incorporating these factors and showing their expected impact on FMS diffusion. We identified such factors from various studies: FMS related as well as non-FMS related studies. FMS studies that focused on its diffusion, explicitly identified factors impacting such diffusion; while FMS studies that focused on other FMS aspects identified factors that we believe are relevant to diffusion and hence included them in our framework. Additional diffusion factors are identified from other non-FMS studies relating to organizational culture, organizational strategy, organizational structure, and management style. Finally, we present all the factors (explicitly mentioned by these studies or implicitly derived from them) within an integrated FMS diffusion framework and propose how these factors impact diffusion.
A bifurcation analysis of subsynchronous oscillations in power systems

A bifurcation analysis is used to investigate the complex dynamics of a heavily loaded turbine-generator system connected to an infinite busbar through a series capacitor-compensated transmission line. It reveals the existence of self-excited subsynchronous torsional oscillations of a 5-mass rotor, which may eventually lead to the destruction of the shaft or the loss of synchronism of the generator. Specifically, we show that, as the capacitor-compensation value increases and reaches a critical value, called supercritical Hopf bifurcation, the system around the operating point undergoes small single-period oscillations with constant amplitude. This in turn results in a small limit-cycle attractor. As the compensation level increases further, the amplitude of oscillation grows until a secondary Hopf bifurcation is reached. There, the oscillations characterize themselves by two incommensurate periods and bounded amplitudes, signifying the transformation of the limit cycle into two-period quasiperiodic motion called a two-torus attractor. When the capacitor-compensation level passes a third critical value, the amplitude of oscillations becomes unbounded following the destruction of the two-torus attractor and its basin of attraction in a so-called bluesky catastrophe. Interestingly, this scenario repeats itself in the vicinity of three supercritical Hopf bifurcations. The bifurcation analysis is validated with numerical solutions of the differential equations that govern the power system.
Sound wave modulation of auroral x rays

A UNIQUELY intense pulsation of auroral-associated X rays, followed a solar cosmic flare in September 1966 and was detected by scintillation counters on a balloon platform at an altitude of about 32 km (ref. 1). The X rays were strongly modulated with a period of 4–6 s. Figures 1 and 2 show a portion of the amplitude-modulated intensity, the ratio of intensities in two neighbouring energy channels, the power spectrum for the X-ray intensity ratio, and the spectrum of intensity variations in the lower energy channel. It can be seen that the X-ray spectrum hardens as the pulsations grow and then softens with the subsequent decay, and that there are two peaks in the X-ray power spectrum.
An introduction to one component level control technology — DeviceLogix

As the trend of traditional component devices having on-board intelligence with embedded programmable logic becomes prominent, this paper aims to introduce a well-positioned control technology - DeviceLogix. As a common technology, DeviceLogix has been widely adopted in a large variety of products on the market today. This technology addresses three major needs: scalability, hardware independence, and network independence. Based on these needs, the key benefit of adopting DeviceLogix is to allow local control decisions to be made by the device itself without having to go through a central controller. This inherently improves the response time of the control loop. Furthermore, using DeviceLogix enabled devices can bring greater design flexibility to simple, distributed control systems. This paper demonstrates this benefit using a material handling application example.
A Meta-Analytic Test of the Outcomes and Correlates of Ethical Leadership

This meta-analytic review examined the outcomes and correlates of ethical leadership. Results indicated that ethical leadership is related to important employee attitudinal and behavioral outcomes....
Streptococcus pyogenes meningitis: report of a case and review of the literature.

Streptococcus pyogenes is a very uncommon cause of bacterial meningitis beyond the neonatal period. A case report and a review of the recent literature is presented. We report on a previously healthy 7-year-old boy who developed S. pyogenes meningitis following a 2-day history of otitis media. A CT scan revealed right-sided mastoiditis as a possible focus of infection. The patient was treated with penicillin G for 14 days. The clinical course was uneventful, and he recovered without sequelae. By means of the polymerase chain reaction, the presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) B and SPE C, but not SPE A genes was discovered from the bacterial DNA. Conclusion Streptococcus pyogenes is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis but has to be considered as the causative pathogen beyond the neonatal period.
On the geometric rank of homogeneous spaces of nonpositive curvature

In this paper we investigate differential geometric properties of homogeneous Hadamard manifolds and prove a rigidity result in this class of spaces. A Hadamard manifold H is a simply connected, complete Riemannian manifold of nonpositive curvature. If in addition H is homogeneous, then by the work of [All, [AW1], [AW2] and [Hei] we know that H is isometric to a solvable Lie group S = A ~ N with Lie algebra s (of type NC, see [AW1]) and a left invariant metric ( . , . ). Here A = exp([s, s] • denotes an abelian complement to the nilpotent commutator subgroup N = exp([s, s]). Assuming that H has a trivial flat de Rham factor, the number k = dim A only depends on H (whereas S need not be uniquely determined) and is called the aloebraic rank of H. k is an upper bound for the oeometric rank r = rk(H) [Dr3], i.e. the maximal integer such that every geodesic is contained in a r-fiat, a totally geodesic copy of ~ ' in H. The geometric meaning of rk(M) is well-understood for a huge class of Hadamard manifolds M thanks to the following remarkable result by Ballmann and Burns-Spatzier. We quote a generalisation from [E3] and [EH]:
CHROMOSOME DUPLICATION IN CULTURED LEUCOCYTES FROM PRESUMPTIVE XXX AND XXXXY HUMAN SUBJECTS.

Abstract Patterns of chromosome replication in cultured leucocytes from a presumptive XXX and a presumptive XXXXY human subject have been studied by the method of autoradiography. Leucocyte cultures were exposed to tritiated thymidine and colchicine for 8–9 hr and harvested directly from the isotope-containing medium. Ambiguity in classification of individual chromosomes due to overlying grains was overcome by taking two photographs of each cell, one before applying the film and the other at the focal plane of the overlying grains. The characteristic pattern of DNA replication found in the cultured leucocytes from the XXX female were indistinguishable from that seen in leucocytes from the XXXXY male. This pattern was also indistinguishable from the DNA replication pattern seen in normal females. One of the chromosomes in group 19–20 was the first chromosome in the whole complement to terminate replication, followed first by one chromosome each in group 17–18 and group 21–22, and then by a single chromosome in group 13–15. Many other examples of homologue asynchrony were noted, one of the most striking involving the X chromosomes. Two chromosomes in group 6–12 + X, presumably X chromosomes, in metaphase figures from the presumptive XXX female and three chromosomes of the same group in metaphase figures from the presumptive XXXXY male were the last chromosomes in the whole complement to complete DNA synthesis. One homologue of chromosome 3 and one chromosome each in group 4–5 and 13–15 also terminated replication very late and only before the late-replicating presumptive X chromosomes. The late-replicating presumptive X chromosomes were at the periphery of the metaphase figures more often than would be expected by chance. They showed variation in both length and arm ratios, even within individual metaphase figures.
Results on physical constants and related data from the radio tracking of mariner /venus/ and ranger iii-vii missions.

Earth based radio tracking and orbit determination accuracies for Ranger and Mariner missions
Arsenic in the multi-aquifer system of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: analysis of large-scale spatial trends and controlling factors.

Groundwater exploitation is rising in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, potentially exacerbating arsenic contamination from natural sources. We investigate trends and controls on contamination patterns throughout the Delta’s multi-aquifer system as observed in a spatially exhaustive data set of arsenic measured in >40,000 wells, 10.5% of which exceed the WHO drinking water standard for arsenic (10 μg/L). We relate strong trends in the distribution of contamination among well samples to explanatory variables derived from 3D ancillary physicochemical data sets using logistic regression models. Parsimonious models describe much of the observed variability in arsenic occurrence, which differs considerably between subsets of wells tapping shallow versus deeper aquifer groups. In the shallowest Holocene-Pleistocene aquifers, arsenic occurrence is best described by distance to the Mekong river channels and delta front, depth, and location within fault-bounded zones of the region. The same model, however, fails to expla...
Statistical Issues Involved in Medical Device Postmarketing Surveillance

This paper describes several statistical methods for analyzing medical device reports received by the Food and Drug Administration. The nonparametric regressions (polynomial, loess, kernel smooth, and cubic spline smoothing) are used as exploratory tools to evaluate trends in adverse event reports. Several statistical models, including simple Poisson, mixed binomial/Poisson, zero-truncated Poisson, and the negative binomial (compound Poisson), are used to monitor and to determine the upper 95% threshold values for reported adverse events during the study period. The hip implant injury data and the intravenous tube total (sum of death, device malfunction, and injury) data are used to illustrate our model fitting procedures. In this paper, only the numerator data (medical device adverse events), not the denominator data (medical device usage), are available in our statistical analysis. The possible effects of marketing time and other factors, which may be available in adverse drug reactions, are not available and are not considered for medical device adverse events in this paper.
Potential for Using Online and Mobile Education with Parents and Adolescents to Impact Sexual and Reproductive Health

Research supports the central role of parents in the sexual health behaviors and outcomes of their adolescent children. Too often, parents and adolescents with the greatest sexual health disparities are difficult to reach and engage in preventative interventions. Online and mobile technologies (OMTs) represent an innovative opportunity to reach large numbers of youth and their parents. However, there is a dearth of information related to the feasibility and acceptability of OMT-delivered family interventions for reaching vulnerable youths—particularly, ethnic minority youths. The current manuscript addresses this gap in the empirical literature by examining the feasibility and acceptability of OMT-based parent-adolescent sexual health interventions for African American and Latino families. Focus groups were conducted with convenience samples of Latino and African Americans from six US cities. Fourteen focus groups (six parents and eight adolescents) with an average of 10–12 participants each provided data for the study. Researchers used inductive thematic analysis to evaluate data. The findings suggest that parents and adolescents were motivated to obtain sexual health information through OMTs due to their accessibility, widespread use, and ability to deliver large quantities of information. However, personalized and trustworthy information was viewed as less attainable through the Internet or similar digital means, presenting a potential barrier to delivering an adolescent sexual health intervention via OMTs. Sexual health interventions delivered through online and mobile mechanisms present a novel opportunity for reaching potentially at-risk ethnic minority adolescents and their parents. Feelings of discomfort surrounding OMT use with parents, generational differences, and parent-adolescent relationship quality must be considered when developing technology-based sexual health interventions for Latino and African American families.
Leading edge foundry Si-based RF technology for wireless communication

As CMOS technology advances with increasingly scaled-down chip size and better MOSFET performance, new challenges and opportunities are observed in the innovation and optimization of integrated RF device for state-of-the-art RF system-on-chip (RFSOC). From technology foundry's viewpoint, this paper illustrates the essence of key RF SOC active and passive devices.
Inhibition of phage development in Bacillus cereus strain T by pre-spore extracts of bacilli.

THE susceptibility of infection of a bacillus by a bacteriophage varies with the physiological state of an organism. Goldberg and Gollakota1 observed that a phage for Bacillus cereus strain T infected the organism in the vegetative stage and lysed the bacterium with the release of new phage particles. But when the phage was mixed with the pre-spores of the bacteria, the phage particles were able to adsorb to the micro-organisms but did not cause lysis of the culture. The bacilli progressed towards sporulation and produced spores as in an uninfected culture, but after germination the cells lysed. It was also shown that in these conditions the phage genome was incorporated into the spore. Investigations were carried out in order to understand the inhibition of phage multiplication during the pre-spore stage in sporulating bacilli. We report here evidence for the presence of a factor in pre-spore extracts of sporulating organisms able to suppress phage multiplication in a permissive system.
Safeguarding digital identity: the SPICI (Sharing Policy, Identity, and Control Information) approach to negotiating identity federation and sharing agreements

To perform key business functions, organizations in critical infrastructure sectors such as healthcare or finance increasingly need to share identifying and authorization-related information. Such information sharing requires negotiation about identity safeguarding policies and capabilities, as provided by processes, technologies, tools, and models. That negotiation must address the concerns not only of the organizations sharing the information, but also of the individuals whose identity-related information is shared. SPICI (Sharing Policy, Identity, and Control Information) provides a descriptive and analytic framework to structure and support such negotiations, with an emphasis on assurance.
Problematic Substance Use in Urban Adolescents: Role of Intrauterine Exposures to Cocaine and Marijuana and Post-Natal Environment

Background Linkages between intrauterine exposures to cocaine and marijuana and adolescents’ problematic substance use have not been fully delineated.
Phosphofructokinase activity in the brown fat, liver and heart of hibernating and homeothermic thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Citellus tridecemlineatus)

Abstract 1. 1. Phosphofructokinase activity in the brown fat of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel was found to be 6-fold lower during the time of hibernation than during the period of activity in the summer months. 2. 2. Phospnofructokinase activity m the heart and liver were not found to be significantly altered. 3. 3. It is suggested that the relative importance of glycolysis declined during hibernation in the brown fat and that glycolysis in the heart and liver was unaltered.
Clinical, genetic, and biochemical features of G‐6PDWest Virginia

A new mutation of the G-6PD gene at position 910 is described. Biochemical analysis suggests that a conformational change results in the enzymatic deficiency associated with G-6PD(West Virginia).