cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification guide to species in the scale insect tribe Iceryini (Coccoidea: Monophlebidae)

We recently revised the scale insect tribe Iceryini (Coccoidea: Monophlebidae) based on a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis and supporting morphological evidence. As a result of this revision, we proposed new generic concepts that required significant reorganization of species in three of the five iceryine genera: Crypticerya Cockerell, Gigantococcus Pesson & Bielenin and Icerya Signoret. The other two genera, Echinicerya Morrison and Gueriniella Fernald, remain unchanged. Here we discuss taxonomic characters important for iceryine identification and provide a comprehensive review of all described iceryine species. We include keys to the genera and to the species of each genus of Iceryini based on features of the adult females. We present new diagnoses for all the species for which type material was available for examination and summarize original descriptions for species for which we were unable to examine material. We designate lectotypes for the following species names (valid name given in parentheses): Llaveia abrahami Newstead (C. abrahami), Icerya brasiliensis Hempel (C. brasiliensis), Icerya colimensis Cockerell (C. colimensis), Icerya genistae Hempel (C. genistae), Icerya (Crypticerya) littoralis Cockerell (C. littoralis), Icerya littoralis mimosae Cockerell (C. littoralis), Icerya littoralis tonilensis Cockerell (C. littoralis), Crypticerya rosae mexicana Cockerell & Parrott (C. mexicana), Icerya minima Morrison (C. minima), Icerya montserratensis Riley & Howard (C. montserratensis), Palaeococcus morrilli Cockerell (C. morrilli), Icerya palmeri Riley & Howard (C. palmeri), Icerya rileyi Cockerell (C. rileyi), Icerya rileyi larreae Cockerell (C. rileyi), Steatococcus tabernicolus Ferris (C. tabernicola), Icerya (Crypticerya) townsendi Cockerell (C. townsendi), Icerya (Crypticerya) townsendi plucheae Cockerell (C. townsendi), Icerya zeteki Cockerell (C. zeteki), Icerya seychellarum albolutea Cockerell (Gi. alboluteus), Crypticerya bicolor DeLotto (Gi. bicolor), Icerya brachystegiae Newstead (Gi. brachystegiae), Palaeococcus cajani Newstead (Gi. cajani), Palaeococcus caudata Newstead (Gi. caudatus), Icerya euphorbiae Brain (Gi. euphorbiae), Aspidoproctus gowdeyi Newstead (Gi. gowdeyi), Icerya longisetosa Newstead (Gi. longisetosus), Icerya nigroareolata Newstead (Gi. nigroareolatus), Icerya sulfurea pattersoni Newstead (Gi. pattersoni), Palaeococcus theobromae Newstead (Gi. theobromae), Crossotosoma aegyptiacum Douglas (I. aegyptiaca), Icerya rosae australis Maskell (I. australis), Icerya crocea Green (I. crocea), Icerya formicarum Newstead (I. formicarum), Icerya jacobsoni Green (I. jacobsoni), Icerya koebelei Maskell (I. koebelei), Icerya minor Green (I. minor), Icerya (Crypticerya) nuda Green (I. nuda), Icerya nudata Maskell (I. nudata), Icerya hyperici Froggatt (I. nudata), Palaeococcus dymocki Froggatt (I. nudata), Icerya pilosa Green (I. pilosa), Icerya purchasi citriperda Hempel (I. purchasi), Icerya purchasi crawii Cockerell (I. purchasi), Icerya purchasi maskelli Cockerell (I. purchasi), and Icerya schrottkyi Hempel (I. schrottkyi).
Fermi arc mediated entropy transport in topological semimetals

The low-energy excitations of topological Weyl semimetals are composed of linearly dispersing Weyl fermions that act as monopoles of Berry curvature in the bulk momentum space. Furthermore, on the surface there exist topologically protected Fermi arcs at the projections of these Weyl points. We propose a pathway for entropy transport involving Fermi arcs on one surface connecting to Fermi arcs on the other surface via the bulk Weyl monopoles. We present results for the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetothermal conductance of this conveyor belt channel. The circulating currents result in a net entropy transport without any net charge transport. We provide results for the Fermi arc mediated magnetothermal conductivity in the low-field semiclassical limit as well as in the high-field ultraquantum limit, where only chiral Landau levels are involved. Our work provides a proposed signature of Fermi arc mediated magnetothermal transport and sets the stage for utilizing and manipulating the topological Fermi arcs in thermal applications.
A Framework to Think About Pollution: Externalities, Pollution Taxes, and Cap and Trade

It is an understatement to say that environmental challenges are attracting attention. Sustainability tops the list of challenges for the 21st century. There is no consensus about how to address these challenges in a politically feasible way. This note offers a conceptual framework that firms and consumers can use to start thinking about the economic challenges ahead and how economic policies are likely to affect the environment within which they operate. Excerpt UVA-GEM-0104 Apr. 26, 2011 A Framework to Think About Pollution: Externalities, Pollution Taxes, and Cap and Trade It is an understatement to say that environmental challenges are attracting attention. Sustainability tops the list of challenges for the 21st century. There is no consensus about how to address these challenges in a politically feasible way. This note offers a conceptual framework that firms and consumers can use to start thinking about the economic challenges ahead and how economic policies are likely to affect the environment within which they operate. The Environmental Kuznets Curve . . .
A new high JIF for American Mineralogist (by all early indications), why you shouldn't care, and a note on values

The onset of summer means many things—baseball, fresh stone fruit, camping in the Sierra, and of course, the new Journal Impact Factors (JIF). As you read this Editorial the JIF report has likely already been released, and we expect American Mineralogist has climbed significantly in the rankings (see reasoning below). We (perhaps prematurely) thank our authors, as this increase is due entirely to the support of those who entrust their very best works to the journal—an act utterly crucial for any journal to survive, especially in recent decades for journals published by scientific societies. Here we provide some muted celebration of the anticipated event with some qualifying context. As noted earlier (Putirka 2016), baseball fans put vastly more effort into deciding whether Don Sutton or Tom Seaver was the better pitcher than scientists do in ranking journals or one another. We don’t know why. But this is not to say that rankings are meaningless. And they can be fun, especially when the stakes are low and when they provide unexpected results (my heart says “Sutton”; the numbers say “Seaver”). Oftentimes, though, rankings have far-reaching impact. For example, the failed news magazine U.S. News and World Report (USN&WR), ironically releases its college and university rankings each fall. These rankings affect how thousands of families spend tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars. But a now-defunct news magazine is not the only game in town. The profitable Washington Monthly (or WM) also ranks colleges and universities. To cite their online editorial, they rate “ schools based on what they are doing for the country. It’s our answer to U.S. News & World Report , which relies on crude and easily manipulated measures of wealth, exclusivity, and prestige ”. As it happens, in 2016 WM ranks Fresno State 25th in the nation, among …
Aneurysmal degeneration of type B aortic dissections after thoracic endovascular aortic repair: A systematic review.

Abstract Background Promising results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with complicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD) have been well documented. However, whereas early results have led many to hypothesize a benefit of TEVAR in uncomplicated patients, the natural history of TEVAR after the treatment of TBAD has yet to mature. In this review, we evaluated the available data to investigate whether longer term TEVAR warrants enthusiasm for all comers with TBAD. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed searching specifically for studies assessing medium- and long-term outcomes after TEVAR for the treatment of TBAD. Studies were included if changes in aortic volume or diameter were recorded. Any publications recording only changes in mean aortic diameter across the study population were excluded. Results A total of 17 studies examining growth in the thoracic aorta were included. This event occurred in 6.6% to 84% of patients across studies. Six studies examined growth in the abdominal aorta after TEVAR, which occurred in 10% to 54% of patients. When viewed by chronicity, a significant number of patients treated for chronic and acute dissection experienced aneurysmal degeneration. Conclusions Based on the available data to date, TEVAR for TBAD does not prevent aneurysmal degeneration of the thoracic or abdominal aorta. Therefore, the treatment of uncomplicated patients with this goal in mind is currently contrary to the available data. Given the variability of manuscript reporting styles for TBAD, the development of reporting standards is necessary to homogenize available data and to strengthen our understanding of this complex disease process.
Cardiovascular consequences of hypophosphatemia.

Introduction Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of hypophosphatemia on cardiovascular consequences. The goal of this review was to determine whether hypophosphatemia is associated with cardiovascular consequences and to increase its awareness as a new clinical entity and a reversible cause of cardiovascular consequences. Evidence acquisition We searched MEDLINE and PubMed through September 2016 for primary studies that reported the relationship between hypophosphatemia and cardiovascular consequences including cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Evidence synthesis A total of 937 articles were initially obtained. Of these articles, 921 publications were excluded according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixteen articles were included in this review. These articles included 3 prospective cohort studies, 1 retrospective cohort study, 7 case series or case reports, 2 case-control studies, 1 pre- vs. post-test in a single group, and 2 animal studies. Conclusions The mechanisms of hypophosphatemia in cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia have been reported to be a depletion of adenosine triphosphate in myocardial cells and decreased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes. Left ventricular performance seems to improve when severe hypophosphatemia is corrected, but not in those with mild to moderate hypophosphatemia. However, analyses of the relationship between cardiac function and hypophosphatemia using clinical end points have not been conducted. The association between hypophosphatemia and arrhythmia remains unclear, but anecdotal reports exist in the literature.
Improving the success and impact of the metabolic engineering design, build, test, learn cycle by addressing proteins of unknown function

Rational, predictive metabolic engineering of organisms requires an ability to associate biological activity to the corresponding gene(s). Despite extensive advances in the 20 years since the Escherichia coli genome was published, there are still gaps in our knowledge of protein function. The substantial amount of data that has been published, such as: omics-level characterization in a myriad of conditions; genome-scale libraries; and evolution and genome sequencing, provide means of identifying and prioritizing proteins for characterization. This review describes the scale of this knowledge gap, demonstrates the benefit of addressing the knowledge gap, and demonstrates the availability of interesting candidates for characterization.
The Pelvis and Hip: Congenital and Developmental Conditions

The chapter begins with a section on the normal development of the pelvis, acetabulum, and femoral neck, head, and epiphysis. Discussion of congenital and developmental abnormalities follows. Proximal focal femoral deficiency is described first. This is followed by a discussion of both intrauterine hip dislocation and a lengthy discussion of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Within this section, many different imaging techniques are broken down, the treatment of DDH by osteotomies is discussed, and postoperative complications as well as differential diagnosis are explained. Sections on coxa vara and acetabular protrusion follow. Femoral head dysplasia is broken down into both localized and generalized disorders: microepiphyseal dysplasia, Meyer dysplasia, osteochondritis dissecans-like femoral head dysplasia, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, and epiphyseal dysgenesis in hypothyroidism.
Recyclable magnetic nanoparticles grafted with antimicrobial metallopolymer-antibiotic bioconjugates.

Abstract Over-prescription and improper use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of bacterial resistance, posing a major threat to public health. There has been significant interest in the development of alternative therapies and agents to combat antibiotic resistance. We report the preparation of recyclable magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles grafted with charged cobaltocenium-containing metallopolymers by surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. β-Lactam antibiotics were then conjugated with metallopolymers to enhance their vitality against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The enhanced antibacterial activity was a result of synergy of antimicrobial segments that facilitate the inhibition of hydrolysis of antibiotics and local enhancement of antibiotic concentration on a nanoparticle surface. These magnetic nanoparticles can be recycled numerous times without losing the initial antimicrobial potency. Studies suggested negligible toxicity of metallopolymer-grafted nanoparticles to red blood cells and minimal tendency to induce resistance in bacteria.
A note on Wadge degrees

For pertinent definitions see published works of the Cabal Seminar. It has been shown by D. A. Martin that under the assumption of AD, Wadge degrees are well ordered; for Wadge degrees of Δ^(1)_(2n) sets Δ^(1)_(2n)-determinacy suffices. Martin has also proved (using AD) that the length of the well ordering of Δ^(1)_(2n) Wadge degrees is exactly δ^(1)_(2n+1). The author gives an alternate proof of this fact, using only Δ^(1)_(2n)-determinacy.
ADENOHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES: THEIR CHEMISTRY, PHYSIOLOGY AND CONTROL

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the chemistry, physiology, and the control of adenohypophysial hormones. Growth hormone (GH) has been purified from avian pituitary tissue using methods developed for the mammalian hormones. These GH preparations are active in the mammalian biological assay, the rat tibia test, and have similar chemical properties to mammalian GH. The purification of chicken and turkey GH has allowed the development of homologous radioimmunoassays. The secretion of GH in young birds is labile, being affected by a number of stimuli. Plasma concentrations of GH are high in the period of rapid growth and low in adults. During the former, most of the caudal lobe of pars distalis consists of somatotrophs, while in the adult or embryonic pituitary there are a few somatotrophs. In the period of high circulating GH levels, the young chicken responds to the administration of synthetic mammalian thyrotropin releasing hormone with a spectacular GH release. It is found that while in the adult, little response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) has been observed. It is suggested that GH secretion in the growing chicken is under dual stimulatory and inhibitory hypothalamic control.
Recent U.S. Traffic Fatality Trends

From 1980 to 1983, United States traffic fatalities dropped 17%, from 51 091 to an estimated 42 600. Although there are no clear explanations for this abrupt decline, the major reasons suggested all involve some behavioral change. This paper describes the fatality changes briefly, investigates several potential causes, discusses what must be done to provide more conclusive answers, and considers the implications for traffic safety in 1984 and beyond.
On the 'Zustandsverantwortlichkeit'under the Federal Soil Protection Act (Bodenschutzgesetz, Bbodschg) of Germany and its referential experience for the contaminated land legislation of China

The premises liability (Zustandshaftung) is an important concept under the German administrative law. It consists of the legal basis of contaminated land liability system of the Federal Soil Protection Law and the Regulations of Federal Soil Protection and contamination. This article discusses the elements of the premises liability. Based on analysis to the selected contaminated land cases in Germany, this article also looks at the possibility of introducing the premises liability in China’s contaminated land legislation.
Hume and the Discipline of Phenomenology: An Historical Perspective

Determining the place of phenomenology in the spectrum of philosophical persuasions and styles has been a peculiarly difficult question to resolve. A not inconsiderable amount of effort has been devoted to it, as well as the correlative issue concerning the meaning of phenomenology itself. Certainly, these issues form part of the motive for Husserl’s repeated efforts to “introduce” phenomenology; and practically every philosopher working within the field has at some point felt compelled to address himself to them.
The “other” relationships of self-assessed intelligence: A meta-analysis

Abstract The primary goal of the current article is to “take stock” of the “other” relationships of self-assessed intelligence (SAI). The current article groups the relationships of SAI into four categories: constructs associated with intelligence (openness, emotional intelligence), tendencies and opportunities to develop intelligence (conscientiousness, education, age, SES, prior IQ test experience), constructs associated with biased self-assessments (extraversion, neuroticism, narcissism, honesty-humility, race), and positive states and life achievements (positive self-regard, psychological well-being, academic achievement). The meta-analytic results demonstrate that almost all variables from these four categories significantly relate to SAI, with the exception of prior IQ test experience. These relationships are also consistent when accounting for psychometric intelligence, and no studied moderator variables consistently influence the magnitude of these results.
Skeletal myosin binding protein-C: An increasingly important regulator of striated muscle physiology.

Abstract The Myosin Binding Protein-C (MyBP-C) family is a group of sarcomeric proteins important for striated muscle structure and function. Comprising approximately 2% of the myofilament mass, MyBP-C has important roles in both contraction and relaxation. Three paralogs of MyBP-C are encoded by separate genes with distinct expression profiles in striated muscle. In mammals, cardiac MyBP-C is limited to the heart, and it is the most extensively studied owing to its involvement in cardiomyopathies. However, the roles of two skeletal paralogs, slow and fast, in muscle biology remain poorly characterized. Nonetheless, both have been recently implicated in the development of skeletal myopathies. This calls for a better understanding of their function in the pathophysiology of distal arthrogryposis. This review characterizes MyBP-C as a whole and points out knowledge gaps that still remain with respect to skeletal MyBP-C.
Immune Check Point Inhibitor-Associated Glomerulonephritis.

Immune check point inhibitors (CPIs) are a relatively new class of drug used to treat a variety of malignancies by releasing the immune system from specific inhibitory “check points” that have been built in to allow for self-tolerance and prevent an excessive inflammatory response. Some tumors can exploit these inhibitory signals to evade the immune system, resulting in proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are both examples of “check point” receptors that negatively regulate T-cell activation and blunt T-cell function. CPIs are antibodies designed to block these negative regulators and help stimulate the immune system to control and kill tumor cells.1 Unleashing the immune system from negative regulation comes with the obvious potential for side effects, such as loss of self-tolerance and excessive inflammatory activity. With respect to the nephrotoxic potential of these agents, there is a clear link between CPIs and the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to acute interstitial nephritis.2, 3, 4 The link between CPIs and glomerulonephritis (GN) is much less clear, although we know of 2 reported cases of immune complex–mediated GN developing in the setting of CPI use.5, 6 We report a case of immune complex–mediated GN that developed following therapy with PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab, responded to discontinuation of the CPI along with initiation of corticosteroids, and then recurred after rechallenge with nivolumab, a different PD-1 inhibitor. The response to discontinuation of CPI therapy and biopsy-proven recurrence after rechallenge with a different agent in the same class supports a link between CPI treatment and development of immune complex–mediated GN.
Winter Replacement Rates of High-Ranked Chickadees Vary with Floater Density

Many parids show some version of an alternating social system, living in territorial breeding pairs during the spring and summer,then forming some sort of nonbreeding flocks during the rest of the year. Yet even these nonbreeding groups often turn out, on close examination, to be made up of varying numbers of pairs. Indeed, Nakamura (1975) suggested that the basic unit in parid social systems was the pair, with winter flocks being simply relatively stable aggregations of pairs that have come to live together for the nonbreeding season (see Haftorn, this volume). While this has since been challenged (e.g. Saitou 1978), more and more evidence has appeared suggesting that it is true, at least for several parid species. One of these is the Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus ). Three main sorts of evidence support this idea. One is generated by observations of the behaviour of intact, free-living flocks; Ficken et al. (1981) have shown convincingly that individual Black-capped Chickadees associate with their own mates considerably more than they do with any other member of their flock. Another stems from the initial composition of flocks. At least in my own study area, chickadee flocks, when first formed, typically consist of even numbers of birds with even sex ratios, suggesting that pair formation may actually be part of flock formation (Smith 1984). A third sort of evidence comes from what happens when a bird vanishes from a winter flock. At least under some circumstances, high-ranked chickadees that disappear during the winter get replaced rapidly, sometimes within a matter of hours (Smith 1984, 1987).
Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA -Related Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Importance Potentially harmful mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility 1 and 2 genes (BRCA1/2) are associated with increased risk for breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer. For women in the United States, breast cancer is the most common cancer after nonmelanoma skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. In the general population,BRCA1/2mutations occur in an estimated 1 in 300 to 500 women and account for 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases and 15% of ovarian cancer cases. Objective To update the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing forBRCA-related cancer. Evidence Review The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for potentially harmfulBRCA1/2mutations in asymptomatic women who have never been diagnosed withBRCA-related cancer, as well as those with a previous diagnosis of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer who have completed treatment and are considered cancer free. In addition, the USPSTF reviewed interventions to reduce the risk for breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer in women with potentially harmfulBRCA1/2mutations, including intensive cancer screening, medications, and risk-reducing surgery. Findings For women whose family or personal history is associated with an increased risk for harmful mutations in theBRCA1/2genes, or who have an ancestry associated withBRCA1/2gene mutations, there is adequate evidence that the benefits of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are moderate. For women whose personal or family history or ancestry is not associated with an increased risk for harmful mutations in theBRCA1/2genes, there is adequate evidence that the benefits of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are small to none. Regardless of family or personal history, the USPSTF found adequate evidence that the overall harms of risk assessment, genetic counseling, genetic testing, and interventions are small to moderate. Conclusions and Recommendation The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians assess women with a personal or family history of breast, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer or who have an ancestry associated withBRCA1/2gene mutations with an appropriate brief familial risk assessment tool. Women with a positive result on the risk assessment tool should receive genetic counseling and, if indicated after counseling, genetic testing. (B recommendation) The USPSTF recommends against routine risk assessment, genetic counseling, or genetic testing for women whose personal or family history or ancestry is not associated with potentially harmfulBRCA1/2gene mutations. (D recommendation)
Ion Transport Basis of Diarrhea in a Mouse Model of Adoptive T Cell Transfer Colitis

Diarrhea, a major pathological hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by a significant reduction in the expression and function of key intestinal ion transporters. The adoptive naive CD4+ T cell transfer colitis is an immune-based, chronic colitis mouse model which resembles human Crohn’s disease. Although mice with T cell transfer colitis demonstrate diarrhea, the ion transporter basis of this phenotype has not been explored. In the current studies, we aimed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of the key NaCl transporters DRA and NHE3 along with the mRNA expression of other transporters in the inflamed intestine. Naive CD4+ T cells, transferred to Rag2 knockout mice, induced severe colonic inflammation characterized by histological damage and increased mRNA levels of cytokines in the colon with no effect in the ileum. Diarrheal phenotype was a key feature of the excised colons of mice where loose stools were evident. Our results demonstrated that the key chloride transporter DRA, mRNA, and protein levels were significantly reduced in the inflamed colon. However, expression of the key sodium hydrogen exchanger NHE3 was unaffected. The mRNA expression of other important transporters was also determined; in this regard, the sodium channel ENACα and the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and SMCT1 mRNA levels were also significantly lower compared to control mice. However, CFTR mRNA was not altered in the colon or ileum. The studies conducted herein for the first time demonstrate the downregulation of important intestinal ion transporters in proximal and distal colon in T cell transfer colitis mouse model, providing valuable evidence for the ion transporter basis of diarrhea in this chronic model of inflammation.
Predicting the impact of sexual behavior change on adolescent STI in the US and New York State: a case study of the teen-SPARC tool.

Abstract Purpose Adolescents aged 13–18 years bear a large burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and changing adolescent sexual risk behavior is a key component of reducing this burden. We demonstrate a novel publicly available modeling tool (teen-SPARC) to help state and local health departments predict the impact of behavioral change on gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV burden among adolescents. Methods Teen-SPARC is built in Excel for familiarity and ease and parameterized using data from CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. We present teen-SPARC's methods, including derivation of national parameters and instructions to obtain local parameters. We model multiple scenarios of increasing condom use and estimate the impact on gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV incidence, comparing national and New York State (NYS) results. Results A 1% annual increase in condom use (consistent with Healthy People 2020 goals) could prevent nearly 10,000 cases of STIs nationwide. Increases in condom use of 17.1%, 2.2%, and 25.5% in NYS would be necessary to avert 1000 cases of gonorrhea, 1000 cases of chlamydia, and 10 cases of HIV infection, respectively. Additional results disaggregate outcomes by age, sex, partner sex, jurisdiction, and pathogen. Conclusion Teen-SPARC may be able to assist health departments aiming to tailor behavioral interventions for STI prevention among adolescents.
Active monitoring of a healthcare worker cohort during the COVID-19 epidemic

Background: Initial CDC recommendations for passive monitoring of COVID-19 related symptoms among staff may not be sufficient in preventing the introduction and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings We therefore implemented active monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) at an academic medical center during the COVID-19 epidemic in northeast US Methods: We recruited a cohort of HCWs at Yale New Haven Hospital who worked in COVID-19 units and did not have COVID-19 related symptoms between March 28 and June 1, 2020 During follow-up, participants provided daily information on symptoms by responding to a web-based questionnaire, self-administered nasopharyngeal (NP) and saliva specimens every 3 days, and blood specimens every 14 days We performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and an anti-spike protein IgM and IgG ELISA to identify virological and serological-confirmed infection, respectively Results: We enrolled 525 (13%) amongst 4,136 HCW of whom daily information on symptoms and NP, saliva, and blood specimens were obtained for 66% (of 13208), 42% (or 1977), 44% (of 2071) and 65% (of 1099), respectively, of the follow-up measurement points We identified 16 (3 0% of 525) HCWs with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and an additional 12 (2 3% of 525) who were not tested by PCR or had negative PCR results but had serological evidence of infection The overall cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5 3% (28 of 525) amongst HCWs Cases were not identified by hospital protocols for passive staff self-monitoring for symptoms Amongst 16 PCR-confirmed cases, 9 (56%) of the 16 PCR-confirmed HCW had symptoms during or after the date of initial detection We did not identify an epidemiological link between the 28 confirmed cases Conclusion: We found that a significant proportion (5 3%) of HCWs were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 epidemic In the setting of universal PPE use, infections were possibly acquired in the community rather than stemming from patient-HCW or HCW-HCW transmission Passive monitoring of symptoms is inadequate in preventing introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into the healthcare setting due to asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic presentations
ICL-Based Adaptive Switching Control Strategy for Aircraft Following Change in System Dynamics

Abstract This paper investigates a switching control strategy for a fixed-wing flight vehicle subject to a dramatic change in dynamics. When a system-altering fault occurs, the vehicle switches from a fixed-gain, model-based controller to an adaptive control strategy that uses recorded data to identify the current system online. The adaptive controller employs a data-driven integral concurrent learning scheme to estimate the mass properties, as well as lift and drag coefficients online in an effort to match the faulted system as closely as possible with cataloged flight conditions. Stability is proven to be preserved even through failed attempts to switch from the adaptive controller back to a model-based controller, as long as the developed dwell-time and finite excitation conditions for the adaptive subsystem are satisfied.
Operative versus Nonoperative Management of Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation: Effect on Symptomatology and Disease Progression.

Background Idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH) is a rare pathology characterized by extravasation of the spinal cord through a dural defect. The optimal algorithm for choosing operative or nonoperative management is not well elucidated, partially because of the rarity of this pathology. We present the largest single-center series of ISCH and compare operative treatment to conservative management. Methods A retrospective case series of all patients evaluated for treatment of ISCH at our institution between 2010 and 2019 was conducted. Demographic variables, presenting symptoms, and imaging characteristics were assessed for all patients. For patients who underwent operative treatment, surgical approach, postoperative course, and discharge outcomes were recorded. Follow-up notes were reviewed for status of symptoms and functional capabilities, which were synthesized into Odom’s criteria score. Results Sixteen patients met the inclusion criteria for this study, 8 of whom underwent operative treatment. No significant differences were found between operative and nonoperative groups with regard to demographic variables or pathology characteristics. Odom’s criteria scores for the operative cohort were 12.5% (1 of 8) Excellent, 62.5% (5 of 8) Good, 12.5% (1 of 8) Fair, and 12.5% (1 of 8) Poor. Odom’s criteria scores for the nonoperative cohort were 16.7% (1 of 6) Excellent, 33.3% (2 of 6) Good, 16.7% (1 of 6) Fair, and 33.3% (2 of 6) Poor. There was no significant difference between Odom’s criteria score distribution between the operative and nonoperative groups at latest follow up (P = 0.715). Conclusions Conservative management of spinal cord herniation is an option that does not preclude symptomatic improvement in patients with idiopathic spinal cord herniation.
von Freiberg, Dietrich 1245–1320

It is generally assumed that Dietrich (Theodoric) was from and active in Freiberg in Saxony, Germany. However, it is known that he also spent a considerable amount of time elsewhere in Europe including France and Italy.
The impact of rational and political factors on performance measurement and its utilisation: analysis of municipal governments from Mississippi

Public performance measurement and management are orthodox practices, but existing scholarship heavily focuses on large and exemplary cities. Thus, generalising lessons from large municipalities to...
1113 Orthotopic neobladder creation after cervical cancer

Introduction/Background* Surgery on a radiated pelvis is a challenge for the surgeon due to the scar tissue and loss of anatomical spaces. After radical surgery it is sometimes necessary to perform a bypass urinary tract, via an ileal conduit, known as Bricker, a continent reservoir or the creation of an orthotopic bladder. Methodology We are describing the case of a 45 year old pacient, affected of stage IB1 cervical cancer Wertheim Meigs hysterectomy+ bilateral salpingectomy + selective sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in another center, followed by chemo-radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Recurrence is detected at 9 months, describing an implant in right hemipelvis in contact with external iliac vein and bladder wall that compromises the right ureter, conditioning hydronephrosis, mesenteric implant and iliac and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Months later a vesico-vaginal fistula was observed, and she was referred to our center. Result(s)* There were not intraoperative complications Orthotopic ileas reconstruction is a complex technique, but it allows a more anatomical reconstruction, avoids the creation of stoma with less impact on the quality of life. It requires integrity of the sphincter and bladder neck and should be assessed and discussed thoroughly with the patient against other possibilities. Conclusion* It is essential to balance the radicality of the best surgical result with the least posible impact on quality of life Our next goal shoud be to obtain the best oncological results and survival with the minimum complications and consequences for our patients.
Microwave-assisted calcination of spodumene for efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly extraction of lithium

Abstract To utilize the advantages of microwave-assisted calcination over conventional heating, this work studied the effect of microwave power on phase transformation and leachability of spodumene. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to characterize the phase transformation and structural changes of spodumene calcined by both microwave and conventional heating methods. Results showed that the effect of microwave power on both phase transformation and leachability of spodumene is significant. The optimum lithium recovery through the microwave calcination-acid roasting-leaching process reached 97% at 2.0 kW microwave power, comparable with that of conventional heating. Besides a more rapid, less energy-consuming, and free greenhouse-gas-emission calcination, microwave heating also resulted in lower recovery values of Fe, Na, and Ca in the leaching process, gaining an advantage in downstream purification processes. The microwave temperature profiles of spodumene, and characterization results confirmed that α-spodumene started to transfer into γ- and β-spodumene at around 900 °C.
Heidegger’s Truth of Art and the Question of Aesthetics

In the wake of the vanity of the postmodern aesthetic in architecture and the vain quality or failure of the postmodern in theory, philosophers have discovered a new preoccupation with the ethics of the scholar. And by thus elevating ethics to the position of first philosophy, we also recuperate the history of metaphysics for the future and effect a return to the phenomenology of the question — not only to phenomenology as problem solving but also to the technical and information and even the natural sciences. Perhaps in the process, the question of art might likewise be restored to the experts — a reasonable strategy for philosophy in the tired wake of Meyer Schapiro’s critical engagement with Martin Heidegger’s hermeneutically informed but art-historically faint reading of a pair of shoes in a famous painting by Van Gogh.
The Role of Consistency of Interaural Timing Over Frequency in Binaural Lateralization

ABSTRACT Recent experimental results indicate that consistency of interaural timing information plays an important role in the lateralization of broadband binaural stimuli. Specifically, it appears that the binaural system lateralizes stimuli from the centroidsof their cross-correlation functions after peripheral bandpass filtering, and it weights more heavily the contributions of peaks in these functions that occur at internal delays that are consistent over a range of frequencies. In this paper we extend the position-variable model to incorporate a mechanism that effects this weighting, which we refer to as straightness weighting. Straightness weighting is introduced by assuming a second stage of processing which records coincidences of activity from outputs of primary coincidence-counting units with the same characteristic internal delay, but with different characteristic frequencies. We demonstrate that the extended position-variable model can describe the role that straightness plays in the lateralization of bandpass-noise stimuli.
Ig-Independent Igβ Expression on the Surface of B Lymphocytes after B Cell Receptor Aggregation

In order for humoral immune responses to develop, B cells must be able to recognize, bind, and internalize Ags. These functions are performed by the BCR, which is also responsible for initiating and transducing activation signals necessary for B cell proliferation and differentiation. We have examined surface expression patterns of individual components of the BCR following anti-Ig- and Ag-induced aggregation. Specifically, the localization and expression levels of the Ag-binding component, surface Ig (sIg), and the Igβ component of the Igα/Igβ signaling unit were investigated to determine their individual participation in the internalization and signal transduction. Using primary murine B cells, we found that while >95% of the sIg is internalized following anti-Ig-induced aggregation, 20–30% of Igβ remains on the surface. These results suggest that sIg and Igβ may function independently following the initial stages of signal transduction.
Small‐Scale Inlets as Tidal Filters

The tidal distortion by small-scale tidal inlets has been investigated at six locations on or near Cape Cod, Mass. For these inlets the ratio of the inlet cross-sectional area, a, and the surface area of the adjoining estuary, A, ranged from 0.36 × 10-5 to 111 × 10-5, while the length of the inlets, ranged from 42 m to ~380 m.
Ascorbic acid and glucose oxidation by ultraviolet A-generated oxygen free radicals.

Purpose. To determine the relative rate of oxidation of ascorbic acid (ASA) and glucose under conditions used for glycation reactions in vitro and by ultraviolet A (UVA)-generated oxygen free radicals using human lens sensitizers. Methods. ASA and [ 14 C]glucose were incubated in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, and the rate of oxidation was determined by absorbance at 265 nm and by thin-layer chromatography, respectively. Oxidation also was measured during the UVA irradiation of 2 mg/ml solutions of human lens water-insoluble proteins. The role of individual reactive oxygen species was determined by the protective effects of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and sodium azide. Results. ASA was oxidized rapidly in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. This loss was prevented by the addition of a metal chelator, by previous chelex resin treatment of the buffer, or by the addition of lens proteins. Glucose was not oxidized under any of the above conditions. UVA irradiation with 2 mg/ml human lens protein as sensitizer oxidized 1 mM ASA after several hours but oxidized, at most, only 2 μM glucose even after 8 hours of irradiation. Superoxide anion was responsible for 24%, and singlet oxygen for 40%, of the ASA oxidized. UVA-generated H 2 O 2 caused little or no oxidation of ASA. H 2 O 2 did accelerate the oxidation of ASA in phosphate buffer, but this was almost completely prevented by the addition of either a chelating agent or lens proteins. Conclusions. The conditions used for glycation reactions in vitro rapidly oxidized ASA, but not glucose. The UVA-dependent generation of oxygen free radicals also oxidized ASA at a 10 3 faster rate than glucose. Superoxide anion and singlet oxygen were identified as the principal oxidants of ASA in this process. These data argue that ASA may be the primary glycating agent in aging normal lenses.
Abstract T P367: Influence of Patient Age on Angioarchitecture of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

Background and Purpose: To determine if clinical and angioarchitectural features of brain AVMs differ between children and adults. Materials and Methods: A prospectively collected institutional database of all patients diagnosed with brain AVMs since 2001 was queried. Demographic, clinical, and angioarchitecture information was summarized and analyzed with univariable and multivariable models. Results: Results often differed when age was treated as a continuous variable as opposed to dividing subjects into children (≤18 years) versus adults (>18 years). Children were more likely to present with AVM hemorrhage than adults (59% vs. 41%, p=0.001). Although AVMs with a larger nidus presented at younger ages (mean of 26.8 years for greater than 6 cm compared to 37.1 years for less than 3 cm), this was not significantly different between children and adults (p=0.069). Exclusively deep venous drainage was more common in younger subjects both when age was treated continuously (p=0.04), or dichotomized (p<0.001). Venous ectasia was more common with increasing age (mean, 39.4 years with ectasia compared to 31.1 years without ectasia) and when adults were compared to children (52% vs. 35%, p<0.001). Patients with feeding artery aneurysms presented at later average age (44.1 years) than those without such aneurysms (31.6 years); this observation persisted when comparing children to adults (13% vs. 29%, p<0.001). Conclusion: Although children with brain AVMs were more likely to come to clinical attention due to hemorrhage than adults, venous ectasia and feeding artery aneurysms were underrepresented in children, suggesting that these particular high risk features take time to develop.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of DNA. IV. Complete nucleotide sequence of the left-hand cohesive end of coliphage 186 DNA.

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of the 5′-terminated left-hand cohesive end of coliphage 186 DNA has been determined. This was done by partial repair and by complete repair using Eacherichia coli DNA polymerase and labeled deoxynueleoside triphosphates followed by sequencing of isolated oligonucleotides. Starting from the 5′-end, the sequence of the left-hand cohesive end is dpGGCGTGGCGGGGAAAGCAT. This is 19 nucleotides long in contrast to the bacteriophage λ cohesive end which is 12 nucleotides long. The sequences of the cohesive ends of 186 and λ DNA are quite different except for the 5′-terminal nucleotides. This is consistent with the fact that these two DNA molecules do not form mixed dimers. The presumed sequence of the 5′-terminated right-hand cohesive end which includes a specific sequence,TTTCCCC, is of special interest. This is identical to a sequence, CCCCUUU, of opposite polarity with U's for T's which is present near the 5′-end of single-stranded RNA in two distinct RNA coliphages, R17 and Qβ. These particular pyrimidine clusters may serve as binding sites for certain enzymes or proteins.
The Effects of Prediction, Quickening, Frequency Separation, and Percent of Pursuit in Perspective Displays for Low-Visibility Landing

Pictorial realism has long been considered necessary in aircraft landing displays because it makes effective use of man's superior perceptual capabilities. A serious limitation to pictorially realistic two-dimensional displays is that they must be magnified to provide distance cues equivalent to those provided in scenes viewed directly. This paper presents a rationale for applying some well known concepts including prediction, quickening, frequency separation, and percent of pursuit, to the development of forward-looking cockpit displays for low-visibility curved approach and landing tasks that may permit a compromise of the magnification principle. The development of such a display system provides a unique context for the systematic study of the interrelationships among these display concepts with a high potential for scientific and applied payoffs. Language: en