cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feed Restriction Significantly Alters Lipogenic Gene Expression in Broiler Breeder Chickens

Broiler breeder pullets were divided into two groups at 21 wk of age. One group was given free access to feed (ad libitum) and the other fed a limited amount of feed (restricted). At 22 wk, all birds were photostimulated and maintained throughout an egg-laying cycle ending at 36 wk. Samples of liver and abdominal fat pad were collected just before photostimulation (prelight), after photostimulation at first egg and at peak egg production (plateau). Hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and stearoyl-CoA (Delta9) desaturase 1 genes in ad libitum birds declined from their highest levels just before photostimulation as the birds came into and maintained egg production. In contrast, the restricted birds had significant (P < 0.05) increases in the expression of these genes after photostimulation at first egg with a subsequent decline as they reached peak egg production. Hepatic expression of fatty acid binding protein, VLDL apolipoprotein (apoVLDL-II) and apoB genes increased significantly (P < 0.05) in both ad libitum and restricted breeders after photostimulation, whereas apoA1 gene expression declined during this time. Abdominal fat pad weights were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the ad libitum compared with restricted birds after photostimulation. Lipoprotein lipase in this tissue showed a pattern of expression similar to that observed for the hepatic lipogenic enzyme genes. In conclusion, feed restriction during the pullet-to-breeder transition period significantly (P < 0.05) altered hepatic lipogenic gene expression in broiler breeders.
Variable neurologic phenotype in a GEFS+ family with a novel mutation in SCN1A

Abstract Purpose To describe the spectrum of clinical disease in a mutliplex family with an autosomal dominant form of generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) and determine its genetic etiology. Methods Medical and family history was obtained on 11 clinically affected individuals and their relatives across three generations through medical chart review and home visits. A candidate gene approach including haplotype analysis and direct sequencing was used. Results An epilepsy-associated haplotype was identified on 2q24. Direct sequencing of the entire SCN1A gene identified seven sequence variants. However, only one of these, c.1162 T>C, was not found in population controls. This transition in exon 8 of SCN1A predicts a substitution (Y388H) of a highly conserved tyrosine residue in the loop between transmembrane segments S5 and S6 of the sodium channel protein (Na v 1.1). Clinical features in mutation carriers of this novel missense mutation were highly variable, ranging from febrile seizures to severe refractory epilepsy. Conclusion A novel missense mutation in the pore-forming region of the sodium channel gene SCN1A causes GEFS+ with a variable phenotype that includes mood and anxiety disorders, as well as ataxia, expanding the GEFS+ spectrum to include neuropsychiatric disease.
Enterprise Telesales Opportunity Pipelines Performance Management

Enterprise telesales is most different from consumer sales by having a prolonged sales cycle, in weeks or months, in order to integrate various internal supports to validate and satisfy complex client demands and needs. Managers of such telesales centers are often challenged by the elaborate tasks of tracking the subtle progress of these pipelines of sales opportunities. Thus, an on-demand dashboard for the managers as well as the telesales representatives is a critical IT tool to address this unique problem. This paper provides insights into the business performance management (BPM), a technology used in business intelligence to enable users to observe, analyze, and act upon the information at the right time. To describe a sales cycle and the tracking needs, we start with a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) for a staged pipeline progression model. Based on business rules and threshold conditions for these KPIs, sets of business situations and alerts are generated for presentation. Finally, a hierarchical design is explained with drill-down capabilities for a typical reporting structure of a telesales center. The productivity of an IBM telesales center under such proactive management has been found to be six to seven times more cost effective than traditional field sales
Microwave Scattering from the Ocean Surface

This paper is a review of current aircraft and satellite microwave remote sensing programs concerned with the measurement of ocean wave and surface wind conditions. These particular measurements have been identified by the user community as offering significant economic and technological benefits. Active microwave remote sensing techniques for these applications have been described theoretically and verified experimentally. The results of recent aircraft and satellite experimental programs are presented herein along with plans for the SeaSat-A Satellite Scatterometer.
Impulsive-motion model for computing the closing motion of mechanical heart-valve leaflets.

The speed of mechanical heart-valve leaflets is known to be an important quantity for predicting cavitation, yet no simple computational means exists for predicting the leaflet speed. In this study, a model for simulating the motion of heart-valve leaflets in rigid test systems is presented. The input for the simulations is the ventricular pressure trace, readily measured in heart-valve tests. The model is based upon an impulsive-motion approximation, wherein the motion within the system is produced by rapid acceleration at the boundary, e.g., by a moving piston. A set of quasisteady, linear equations for the pressure field that are decoupled from the leaflet equation of motion is derived. The pressure field and leaflet moment are computed without the need to treat moving boundaries. Model predictions of closing time compared favorably with those measured in a 1994 cavitation study. Computed values of leaflet tip speed were also compared with those of a previous study, at the same value of average pressure slope. The model values were in agreement with measured speeds, given the limitations of using the average pressure slope as a metric for comparison. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society.
The ever-changing content of Pediatrics over fifty years.

At the time of the first edition of Pediatrics , the Journal of Pediatrics was the major pediatric publication in the United States. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) was instrumental in the establishment of the Journal of Pediatrics in 1931 and had designated it as its “official organ.” The Journal of Pediatrics , owned by C. V. Mosby Company, was generating profit, the magnitude of which was kept secret by Mosby. This led to friction between the publisher and leaders of the AAP, and there also was concern about having the AAP's official organ controlled by a “business concern foreign to pediatrics.”1 At the February 1947 annual meeting of the AAP in Pittsburgh, PA, Dr Borden Veeder, who, with Dr Hugh McCulloch, was a coeditor of the Journal of Pediatrics , introduced a resolution that the AAP should discontinue its relationship and cease designating the Journal of Pediatrics as its official organ. It also was recommended that the Journal of Pediatrics editorial board, all of whom were members of the AAP, should resign immediately. It was finally recommended that the AAP should establish a new journal, to be named Pediatrics , with sole AAP ownership. Dr McCulloch was appointed the first editor. Despite his resolution, Borden Veeder remained as editor of the Journal of Pediatrics ! The nine members of the editorial board of the Journal of Pediatrics who resigned became the first editorial board of Pediatrics. This included some of the foremost leaders in the field of pediatrics of the time. Fifty years of uninterrupted publication ensued, culminating in the semicentennial of Pediatrics , which this issue commemorates. For my review of the content of Pediatrics, I divided the first 50 years of Pediatrics into five eras: 1) the Hugh McCulloch era, volumes 1 to 14, 1948 …
Quelling Dissent: Disciplining Liberalism Upon Muslim College Student’s Speech and Action

In this paper I explore how liberal narratives of citizenship and hyper-patriotism limit the forms of citizenship Muslims students feel they can appropriate. I explore how youth from this community take on, respond to, and re-deploy some of these images in their own definitions of self.
Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Dielectric Measurements of Household Powders Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy

High resolution millimeter and submillimeter wave measurements of solids and powders are very difficult to acquire and have taken on a growing significance for security reasons. Utilizing a two-beam polarizing interferometer, the dielectric properties of household powders were obtained through Dispersive Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. The refractive index, absorption coefficient, real and imaginary permittivity, and loss tangent for talc, confectioner sugar, flour, baking soda, and dry milk from 400 GHz to 1.2 THz are presented in this paper.
Pyroelectric energy harvesting using liquid-based switchable thermal interfaces

Abstract The pyroelectric effect offers an intriguing solid-state approach for harvesting ambient thermal energy to power distributed networks of sensors and actuators that are remotely located or otherwise difficult to access. There have been, however, few device-level demonstrations due to challenges in converting spatial temperature gradients into temporal temperature oscillations necessary for pyroelectric energy harvesting. We demonstrate the feasibility of a device concept that uses liquid-based thermal interfaces for rapid switching of the thermal conductance between a pyroelectric material and a heat source/sink and can thereby deliver high output power density. Using a thin film of a pyroelectric co-polymer together with a macroscale mechanical actuator, we operate pyroelectric thermal energy harvesting cycles at frequencies close to 1 Hz. Film-level power densities as high as 110 mW/cm3 were achieved, limited by slow heat diffusion across a glass substrate. When combined with a laterally interdigitated electrode array and a MEMS actuator, the present design offers an attractive option for compact high-power density thermal energy harvesters.
Interleukin-1β-induced barrier dysfunction is signaled through PKC-θ in human brain microvascular endothelium

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction is a serious consequence of inflammatory brain diseases, cerebral infections, and trauma. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β is central to neuroinflammation and contributes to brain microvascular leakage and edema formation. Although it is well known that IL-1β exposure directly induces hyperpermeability in brain microvascular endothelium, the molecular mechanisms mediating this response are not completely understood. In the present study, we found that exposure of the human brain microvascular endothelium to IL-1β triggered activation of novel PKC isoforms δ, μ, and θ, followed by decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TER). The IL-1β-induced decrease in TER was prevented by small hairpin RNA silencing of PKC-θ or by treatment with the isoform-selective PKC inhibitor Go6976 but not by PKC inhibitors that are selective for all PKC isoforms other than PKC-θ. Decreased TER coincided with increased phosphorylation of regulatory myosin light chain and with increased proapoptotic signaling indicated by decreased uptake of mitotracker red in response to IL-1β treatment. However, neither of these observed effects were prevented by Go6976 treatment, indicating lack of causality with respect to decreased TER. Instead, our data indicated that the mechanism of decreased TER involves PKC-θ-dependent phosphorylation of the tight junction protein zona occludens (ZO)-1. Because IL-1β is a central inflammatory mediator, our interpretation is that inhibition of PKC-θ or inhibition of ZO-1 phosphorylation could be viable strategies for preventing blood-brain barrier dysfunction under a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions.
Optimization of a Human Papillomavirus-Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

A strategy was developed for the control, standardization, and critical evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of human papillomavirus-specific immunoglobulin G in human sera. Control human sera, polyclonal animal sera, and monoclonal antibodies were used to establish optimal assay parameters, including antigen coating, serum dilutions, and criteria for daily reproducibility, monitoring, and rejection of assays. Three evaluation techniques were used in parallel to define an optimal cutoff absorbance value that yields greater than 93% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity in the assay's ability to discriminate positive and negative control sera. This strategy provides an optimal method by which to determine cutoff absorbance values for ELISA.
Comparison of Empirical and Analytical Physical Assessment Approaches for Stream Restoration: A Case Study on Abrams Creek, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee

A physical assessment approach referred to as natural channel design (NCD) is commonly used today by stream restoration practitioners, which requires an empiricalbased comparison between study and reference reaches. Use of available analytical tools, or models, into pre-design physical assessments is not widely applied, an approach that does not require a reference condition. As a case study, a comparison of empirical and analytical approaches was conducted on Abrams Creek, located in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM), Tennessee. Historically, the Abrams Creek valley was used for subsistence agriculture beginning in the 19 century, and cattle grazing more recently between the 1930’s and 1960’s. Several tributaries and a few mainstem sections were channelized for agricultural purposes. GRSM resource managers requested that a channel stability assessment be conducted to evaluate whether restoration was needed because a consulting group was promoting a project on Abrams Creek in order to obtain mitigation credits. This study provided an opportunity to compare geomorphic data input/outputs used in NCD and analytical approaches. The NCD approach utilized stream classification and various geomorphic channel attributes at “bankfull” for a departure-type analysis. The analytical approach utilized HEC-RAS and CONCEPTS models. Supporting these approaches, assessment of channel condition also included: aerial photo interpretation, rapid geomorphic assessments for stability indices, and longitudinal profile knickpoint analysis. Some of the findings included: 1) bankfull flow was greatly overestimated by the empirical approach, whereas HEC-RAS with a hydrological analysis provided a more reasonable estimate, 2) a departure analysis found that C4 study and reference reaches were similar for most geomorphic attributes, except for channel slope and bank material, which made restoration needs difficult to discern, and 3) CONCEPTS provided useful information on bed aggradation/degradation and bank failure rates, whereas the NCD approach could not. In addition, similarities and differences of data input needs, and where professional judgment influences assessment outcomes were identified to better understand uncertainties associated with outcomes for both assessment approaches.
Separation of Iron Oxide and Sodium Silicon—Residue in Fe-rich Red Mud

Fe-rich red mud was treated by wet method using alkaline medium, dealkalization process of the red mud and enrichment process of Fe2O3were carried out simultaneously. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, initial concentration of sodium oxide, initial caustic ratio and ratio of liquid to solid on the final slag composition and phase were investigated. The optimal conditions were obtained as follows: reaction temperature 250 ℃, reaction time 30 min, initial concentration of sodium oxide 530 g/L, initial caustic ratio 15 and ratio of liquid to solid 6 mL/g. Under the optimal conditions, Fe2O3content in the final slag was increased to 46.27% from33.56%, Na2O content decreased to 0.87% from 4.99%. The main phases in the red mud were converted from sodalite and andradite to a single phase of andradite.
METHODS OF INTEGRATION

This chapter presents a number of methods of transforming an indefinite integral into one of the fundamental formulas and thereby accomplishing its evaluation. This is not always possible. An example is ∫e –x2 dx. There are many such examples. However, many integrals are reducible to these fundamental formulas and chapter presents some of them. Many integrals may be transformed to a fundamental formula by an algebraic substitution. The chapter discusses how an algebraic substitution may in some instances save the day, by means of examples. As a final device for evaluating integrals, the chapter explains the problem of decomposing a rational function—the quotient of two polynomials—into partial fractions, that is, into a number of fractions whose sum is the given fraction.
Hepatic, lipid and genetic factors associated with obesity: crosstalk with alcohol dependence?

Objectives: Alcohol dependence represents a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Understanding the variables that contribute to this diagnosis and its severity is critical. An overlap between ...
Performance of Particle Swarm Optimization on the fully-coherent all-sky search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences

Fully coherent all-sky search for gravitational wave (GW) signals from the coalescence of compact object binaries is a computationally expensive task. Approximations, such as semicoherent coincidence searches, are currently used to circumvent the computational barrier with a concomitant loss in sensitivity. We explore the effectiveness of particle swarm optimization (PSO) in addressing this problem. Our results, using a simulated network of detectors with initial LIGO design sensitivities and a realistic signal strength, show that PSO can successfully deliver a fully coherent all-sky search with $l1/10$ the number of likelihood evaluations needed for a grid-based search.
Segni e sintomi dello stress e dell’esaurimento da stress

Fin dagli anni Quaranta, molti professionisti provenienti da una varieta di campi diversi hanno studiato gli effetti dello stress, derivante da disastri naturali, sulla salute psicologica e fisica dei sopravvissuti; i ricercatori hanno riconosciuto come alcuni operatori di soccorso per i disastri — esposti appunto a disastri naturali di diversa origine — potrebbero sviluppare danni psicologici quali forte depressione, ansia cronica e disturbo post-traumatico da stress (PTSD). Ad ogni modo, man mano che la ricerca sugli effetti psicosociali dei disastri e progredita, i fattori responsabili dei danni psicologici sono diventati piu noti; uno dei principali fattori determinanti e l’esperienza dell’individuo durante il disastro.
Intermediates in the ultrafast repair of DNA by DNA photolyase

Ultraviolet (UV) light causes DNA damage. The most common form of UV lesion found in DNA is the cis - syn pyrimidine dimer (CPD) in which adjacent pyrimidines on a DNA strand undergo a 2 + 2 photocycloaddition to generate a cyclobutane ring joining the two rings across the 5- and 6-carbon atoms of the pyrimidine ring. The structure of a thymidine–thymidine CPD lesion has been solved most recently by x-ray crystallography for a dodecamer duplex. Transient absorption spectra of photolyase with and without substrate are obtained in the visible region of the spectrum with subpicosecond time resolution. The spectrum of the flavosemiquinone is observed clearly for the first time, establishing without a doubt that photolyase functions via photo-induced electron transfer, leading to reductive cleavage of the CPD lesion. The decay of this state by charge recombination to the initial reduced flavin is also observed.
Depth Profiling of Deuterium and Helium in Metals by Elastic Proton Scattering: A Measurement of the Enhancement of the Elastic Scattering Cross Section Over Rutherford Scattering Cross Section

The characterization of solids implanted and diffused with impurity atoms is of concern to a variety of fields. Both nuclear microanalysis and ion backscattering of energetic light ions have proven to be useful tools in the study of thin films and surfaces. Light atom impurities in heavier atom substrates have not been readily detected by ion backscattering because the elemental Rutherford cross section at a given energy decreases as the square of the target atomic number. Thus, the backscattered ion energy is low for light impurities and usually is superimposed on the larger yield from the heavier substrate atoms. Nuclear reactions, therefore, have been used to study various phenomena associated with light atom impurities. Many of the nuclear reactions used in nuclear microanalysis have been summarized and reviewed in previous articles, but this technique is fraught with certain difficulties. The reaction cross sections are relatively small so that in order to obtain good statistics considerable fluences of the probing ion must be used. This results in both long counting times and perturbation of the systems studied because of implantation of the probing beam.
Theorizing Alternative Agriculture and Food Movements: The Obstacle of Dichotomous Thinking

How can we understand and move beyond a persistent tendency to think, write and organize about food and agriculture as if it were possible to separate a theorist’s views on gender and race from their views on farm animals? Considerable scholarship already addresses this question. This paper suggests that philosophy can contribute to the discussion by focusing a particular kind of attention on patterns of thinking. In particular, dichotomous thinking has traditionally provided grounds for separating production from consumption, and continues to present an obstacle to efforts at connecting “farm issues” to “fork issues.” Three characteristics of dichotomous thinking present particular obstacles to scholarship that would deeply integrate food studies with agriculture studies. (1) Dichotomies tend to set up not just a contrast but an antagonism between their two poles, such that to be this means to be not that. (2) Dichotomous thinking tends to erase nuance, to eliminate anything between the two dichotomous options, and to purify or “clean up” the ambiguous case or extraneous material, by shoehorning it into one option or the other; and (3) Particular groups of dichotomies operate together, such that they mutually reinforce each other to create a way of understanding the world that is more plausible because of its cohesiveness. These snarls of mutually-supportive dichotomies that are nevertheless purist and puritanical in their impact, present a real (i.e. ideological, theoretical, conceptual) challenge to creating scholarly and activist movements that integrate the best of agrarian thinking and the best of critical food studies scholarship attentive to race, class and gender oppression.
How to Determine the Role of the Microbiome in Drug Disposition

With a paradigm shift occurring in health care toward personalized and precision medicine, understanding the numerous environmental factors that impact drug disposition is of paramount importance. The highly diverse and variant nature of the human microbiome is now recognized as a factor driving interindividual variation in therapeutic outcomes. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical guide on methodology that can be applied to study the effects of microbes on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. We also highlight recent examples of how these methods have been successfully applied to help build the basis for researching the intersection of the microbiome and pharmacology. Although in vitro and in vivo preclinical models are highlighted, these methods are also relevant in late-phase drug development or even as a part of routine after-market surveillance. These approaches will aid in filling major knowledge gaps for both current and upcoming therapeutics with the long-term goal of achieving a new type of knowledge-based medicine that integrates data on the host and the microbiome.
Development of a scalable weight loss intervention for low-income workers through adaptation of interactive obesity treatment approach (iOTA).

Describing how and why an evidence-based intervention is adapted for a new population and setting using a formal evaluation and an adaptation framework can inform others seeking to modify evidence-based weight management interventions for different populations or settings. The Working for You intervention was adapted, to fit a workplace environment, from Be Fit Be Well, an evidence-based intervention that targets weight-control and hypertension in patients at an outpatient clinic. Workplace-based efforts that promote diet and activity behavior change among low-income employees have potential to address the obesity epidemic. This paper aims to explicitly describe how Be Fit Be Well was adapted for this new setting and population. To describe and understand the worksite culture, environment, and policies that support or constrain healthy eating and activity in the target population, we used qualitative and quantitative methods including key informant interviews, focus groups, and a worker survey; these data informed intervention adaptation. We organized the adaptations made to Be Fit Be Well using an adaptation framework from implementation science. The adapted intervention, Working for You, maintains the theoretical premise and evidence-base underpinning Be Fit Be Well. However, it was modified in terms of the means of delivery (i.e., rather than using interactive voice response, Working for You employs automated SMS text messaging), defined as a modification to context by the adaptation framework. The adaptation framework also includes modifications to content; in this case the behavioral goals were modified for the target population based on updated science related to weight loss and to target a workplace population (e.g., a goal to avoiding free food at work). If effective, this scalable and relatively inexpensive intervention can be translated to other work settings to reduce obesity and diabetes risk among low-SES workers, a group with a higher prevalence of these conditions. Using a formal evaluation and framework to guide and organize how and why an evidence-based intervention is adapted for a new population and setting can push the field of intervention research forward. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02934113 ; Received: October 12, 2016; Updated: November 7, 2017.
A Systematic Review of Gender-Based Differences in Hirsch Index Among Academic Surgeons

Abstract Background The h-index is a commonly used bibliometric in academic medicine which enumerates the number of publications (h) that have been cited h times. Recent investigations have suggested that gender-based differences in h-index may exist among academic physicians. We systematically reviewed studies of academic surgeons’ h-index, hypothesizing that a significant difference would exist between the h-index of men and women at all academic ranks. Methods Peer-reviewed journal articles authored by academic surgeons of any subspecialization in the United States between January 1, 2006, and November 20, 2017, were reviewed. We excluded studies of trainees or gender-based differences in funding without mention of h-index. Two reviewers assessed article quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. Pooled estimates of standard mean differences (SMD) in h-index between genders were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. A subgroup analysis based on the academic rank was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Sensitivity analyses determined the effect of study on h-index. Meta-regression identified whether surgical specialty contributed to heterogeneity. Results Twelve articles comparing h-index between genders were selected from 7950. Men possessed higher h-indices than women (SMD, 0.547; P Conclusions The h-index is higher for men than that for women in academic surgery overall but not at individual ranks. Further investigations are necessary to address limitations in h-index and to further characterize the relationship between h-index, gender, and promotion.
How Radical Right-Wing Populism Has Shaped Recent Migration Policy in Austria and Germany

At the outset of the 2015 refugee crisis, Germany pursued an accepting asylum policy, potentially to mitigate its declining population. Austria, facing the same demographic challenges, closed itsel...
Evaluating physicians’ serendipitous knowledge discovery in online discovery systems

A new approach to investigate serendipitous knowledge discovery (SKD) of health information is developed and tested to evaluate the information flow-serendipitous knowledge discovery (IF-SKD) model. The purpose of this paper is to determine the degree to which IF-SKD reflects physicians’ information behaviour in a clinical setting and explore how the information system, Spark, designed to support physicians’ SKD, meets its goals.,The proposed pre-experimental study design employs an adapted version of the McCay-Peet’s (2013) and McCay-Peet et al.’s (2015) serendipitous digital environment (SDE) questionnaire research tool to address the complexity associated with defining the way in which SKD is understood and applied in system design. To test the IF-SKD model, the new data analysis approach combining confirmatory factor analysis, data imputation and Monte Carlo simulations was developed.,The piloting of the proposed novel analysis approach demonstrated that small sample information behaviour survey data can be meaningfully examined using a confirmatory factor analysis technique.,This method allows to improve the reliability in measuring SKD and the generalisability of findings.,This paper makes an original contribution to developing and refining methods and tools of research into information-system-supported serendipitous discovery of information by health providers.
Human Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins Contain Conserved Oligomannose N-Linked Glycans Allowing Potent Neutralization by Lectins.

Summary Hemagglutinins (HAs) from human influenza viruses adapt to bind α2-6-linked sialosides, overcoming a receptor-defined species barrier distinct from the α2-3 specificity of avian virus progenitors. Additionally, human-adapted HAs gain glycosylation sites over time, although their biological function is poorly defined. Using quantitative glycomic analysis, we show that HAs from human pandemic viruses exhibit significant proportions of high-mannose type N-linked glycans throughout the head domain. By contrast, poorly adapted avian-origin HAs contain predominately complex-type glycans, which have greater structural diversity. Although oligomannose levels vary, they are present in all tested recombinant HAs and whole viruses and can be specifically targeted for universal detection. The positions of high-mannose glycosites on the HA of human H1N1 and H3N2 strains are conserved. Additionally, high-mannose-binding lectins possess a broad capacity to neutralize and prevent infection with contemporary H3N2 strains. These findings reveal the biological significance of HA glycosylation and therapeutic potential of targeting these structures.
Conclusive determination of ethynyl radical hydrogen abstraction energetics and kinetics

The ethynyl radical (C 2 H) is ubiquitous, appearing in a variety of environments from interstellar space to oxy-acetylene flames. Under these diverse conditions, ethynyl has a high affinity to abs...
Buckle Me Up!: A Computerized, Individualized Emergency Department (ED) Discharge Intervention for Child Car Safety Education

Background: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of unintentional death and injury among children in the United States (US). Correct child car restraint use has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of death and serious injury in MVCs. However, millions of children in the US ride with improper restraints, which may be due to lack of parental knowledge of laws and recommendations. Computer-based health interventions are increasingly being used in EDs for patient education. Computer Intervention Authoring Software (CIAS), a tablet-based …
Generic entry of aromatase inhibitors and pharmaceutical access: Initiation of hormonal therapy, timeliness of initiation, and drug choice.

Abstract Background The trade-offs between innovation and pharmaceutical access are central to the policy debate on drug pricing. High prices may limit access, result in medication underuse, and negatively affect outcomes. Generic drugs make treatments more affordable. Prior research measured access as utilization without a defined population that should receive certain drugs, it is unknown whether generic entry reduces underuse and thus improves access. Objectives To measure changes in access (use, timeliness) with the introduction of three generic aromatase inhibitors (AIs, oral breast cancer drugs) between June 2010 and June 2011. Methods This population-based study included 93,650 older (65+) women diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer between 2007 and 2013 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked database. We examined changes in access with generic entry for initiation of any adjuvant hormonal therapy drug (AIs or tamoxifen) within one year of diagnosis, time from diagnosis to initiation, and choice of initial therapy. Results Among 93,650 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases, 67,372 initiated one of the four drugs. With generic entry, initiation rates increased from 69.5% to 74.3%, but non-initiation remained high (up to 25.7%). After controlling for demographics, clinical factors, and insurance coverage, the probability of initiation increased by 4.6 percentage points (P Conclusions Generic entry of AIs was associated with increased probability of receiving recommended treatments, timeliness of treatment, and the probability of receiving clinically preferred treatments. Price changes with generic entry only partially explained these improvements. High non-initiation rates after generic entry suggest prices are not the sole determinant of access.
Multi-omics Data Integration by Generative Adversarial Network

Accurate disease phenotype prediction plays an important role in the treatment of heterogeneous diseases like cancer in the era of precision medicine. With the advent of high throughput technologies, more comprehensive multi-omics data is now available that can effectively link the genotype to phenotype. However, the interactive relation of multi-omics datasets makes it particularly challenging to incorporate different biological layers to discover the coherent biological signatures and predict phenotypic outcomes. In this study, we introduce omicsGAN, a generative adversarial network (GAN) model to integrate two omics data and their interaction network. The model captures information from the interaction network as well as the two omics datasets and fuse them to generate synthetic data with better predictive signals. Large-scale experiments on The Cancer Genome At-las (TCGA) breast cancer and ovarian cancer datasets validate that (1) the model can effectively integrate two omics data (i.e., mRNA and microRNA expression data) and their interaction network (i.e., microRNA-mRNA interaction network). The synthetic omics data generated by the proposed model has a better performance on cancer outcome classification and patients survival prediction compared to original omics datasets. (2) The integrity of the interaction network plays a vital role in the generation of synthetic data with higher predictive quality. Using a random interaction network does not allow the framework to learn meaningful information from the omics datasets; therefore, results in synthetic data with weaker predictive signals.
The Role of Mobility Data Hubs in an Integrated Decarbonized Transportation Future

The landscape for connected mobility ecosystems is evolving rapidly as information and communication technologies lower the cost and complexity of connecting people to places, integrating transportation modes and collecting data regarding such movements. These developments have been key to unlocking new business opportunities, particularly through mobility services. While the mechanisms for data collection, processing, and transfer have made significant advances in the past decade, the broader landscape of mobility data architectures and data users remains largely unresolved. It is unclear as to whether the result will converge towards a framework that resembles a coherent quilt or a disjointed patchwork of competing visions. Initial approaches to mobility data collection and provisioning have been largely siloed - by mode or software - or held for exclusive use, however several key players are quickly realizing the need and opportunities enabled through integrated mobility data eco-systems, or mobility data hubs as referred to in this paper. As the business case for hosting mobility data hubs evolves, there is great uncertainty regarding their impact to either advance or exacerbate sustainable mobility (e.g., seamless connectivity across modes, decreased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, etc.). Groups such as the United Nations and World Bank have identified data platforms as a key enabler of realizing environmental and social benefits. If designed with decarbonization in mind, we hypothesize that enhanced observability provided by these ever-expanding mobility data hubs can facilitate energy and emissions reductions that are otherwise limited by transactional barriers and knowledge asymmetry that is inherent to a more siloed approach. In this sense, integration of mobility data can help to create a competitive playing field where value is not determined by exclusivity of data, but rather the quality and uniqueness of a given service. The goals of this paper are to 1) identify key players and data architectures that are emerging in a service-based mobility market, 2) explore several use cases where mobility data hubs have enabled greater sustainability outcomes, and 3) discuss key issues that will need to be resolved to fully leverage emerging mobility data hubs towards a sustainable transportation future.
DR. RICHARD SHUCKBURGH AND YANKEE DOODLE

Excerpt Our national airs and patriotic songs, like the weather, have always been considered the legitimate subject of criticism. The words are unsuitable, the music is not good, it is beyond the r...
Studies of coagulation and fibrinolysis by new technic of continuous recording.

1. The Hartert instrument is a useful tool for recording continuously changes in a physical property of the clot during its formation and dissolution. 2. Alterations in fibrinogen content, platelets, and plasma clotting factors influence the pattern of the coagulogram. These patterns do not necessarily parallel the results of classical clotting time studies based on observation of the time necessary to form a visible clot. Clearly visible clots may not be sufficiently firm to be recorded by the coagulograph. 3. Coagulograph studies require careful handling of blood specimens to avoid artefacts of extrinsic origin. 4. The lysis of clots by different enzymes follows significantly different patterns which are not detectable by the standard methods for observing the dissolution of a clot.
An alternative assessment to higher education outcomes: Differentiating by institutional type

In this paper we propose higher education, and community colleges in particular, be evaluated not solely on their functional merits, but on their value in promoting, what Dewey (1966) called an “active citizenry.” Rather than considering only how well higher education meets the needs of democratic capitalism, we investigate alternative methods of assessing the contribution of higher education to the development of active citizens. In this exploration we consider how higher education preparation differs based on an individual's gender, race, class, academic program and the postsecondary institution attended. We explore alternative concepts of assessment in higher education not as proof we have discovered the method for assessing outcomes of higher education, but, rather, as an alternative approach to understanding the potential outcomes of higher education at its different institutional levels. Of special significance for our study is the finding that although students who attend a community college, for example, may not be as successful economically as university students, attendance at a community college is associated with an increased sense of self-empowerment. When we consider community colleges have a higher proportion of students who are typically marginalized by postsecondary institutions, the community college does appear to offer opportunities for students that are not measured only in economic terms.
Oblique electromagnetic radiation incident on a semi-infinite warm general magnetoplasma

The refractive index general sixth-order algebraic equation is derived for arbitrarily directed oblique waves in compressible general magnetoplasma with arbitrarily directed magnetostatic field. The problem of a plane electromagnetic wave with arbitrary polarization incident obliquely on a semi-infinite compressible general magnetoplasma is solved and the corresponding reflection and transmission coefficients are found.
Inclusion of Sea-Surface Temperature Variation in the U.S. Navy Ensemble-Transform Global Ensemble Prediction System

[1] The local ensemble transform (ET) analysis perturbation scheme is adapted to generate perturbations to both atmospheric variables and sea-surface temperature (SST). The adapted local ET scheme is used in conjunction with a prognostic model of SST diurnal variation and the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) global spectral model to generate a medium-range forecast ensemble. When compared to a control ensemble, the new forecast ensemble with SST variation exhibits notable differences in various physical properties including the spatial patterns of surface fluxes, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), cloud radiative forcing, near-surface air temperature and wind speed, and 24-h accumulated precipitation. The structure of the daily cycle of precipitation also is substantially changed, generally exhibiting a more realistic midday peak of precipitation. Diagnostics of ensemble performance indicate that the inclusion of SST variation is very favorable to forecasts in the Tropics. The forecast ensemble with SST variation outscores the control ensemble in the Tropics across a broad set of metrics and variables. The SST variation has much less impact in the Midlatitudes. Further comparison shows that SST diurnal variation and the SST analysis perturbations are each individually beneficial to the forecast from an overall standpoint. The SST analysis perturbations have broader benefit in the Tropics than the SST diurnal variation, and inclusion of the SST analysis perturbations together with the SST diurnal variation is essential to realize the greatest gains in forecast performance.
Artificial electrochromic & thermochromic infrared metamaterials

Controlling the emission of surface energy lies at the heart of many energy harvesting applications. However, the emission is strongly tied to the temperature of the object and there is little ability for modification. In this paper, we describe the design and experimental validation of both electrochromic and thermochromic devices, which combine metamaterials with Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), thus yielding far superior control over surface emission.
Lactose maldigestion is not an impediment to the intake of 1500 mg calcium daily as dairy products

BACKGROUND A National Institutes of Health consensus conference concluded that a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg reduces the severity of osteoporosis. Because dairy products are the main natural source of dietary calcium, a diet providing 1500 mg Ca must contain large quantities of dairy products. However, it is widely believed that the lactose content of these products will not be tolerated by persons with lactose maldigestion (approximately 30% of the adult US population). OBJECTIVE We evaluated the symptoms of lactose maldigestion and digestion when the diet was supplemented with dairy products providing 1300 mg Ca/d. DESIGN Sixty-two women (31 with lactose maldigestion and 31 without) were studied in a double-blind, randomized protocol. Symptoms were compared during 1-wk periods when the diet was supplemented with 480 mL (2 cups) milk, 56 g cheese, and 240 mL yogurt provided as conventional products (34 g lactose/d) or as lactose-hydrolyzed products (2 g lactose/d). RESULTS Women who digested lactose reported no significant difference in symptoms between the 2 treatment periods. Women with lactose maldigestion reported significantly increased flatus frequency and subjective impression of rectal gas during the period of high lactose intake; however, bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and the global perception of overall symptom severity were not significantly different between the 2 treatment periods. CONCLUSION The symptoms resulting from lactose maldigestion are not a major impediment to the ingestion of a dairy-rich diet supplying approximately 1500 mg Ca/d.
Chiller Performance Curve, Online Modeling Using B-spline Curve

ABSTRACT Chillers are the most energy-consuming components within heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The operation efficiency of a chiller can be expressed by the performance curve, which is typically generated by factory specifications from the manufacturers rather than from the on-site test results of the operating machines. However, when a chiller is newly installed, the performance can deviate from the specifications provided by the manufacturer, since it depends on the structure of the pipeline and the operation mode. In order to have an operating chiller with the highest efficiency and the lowest energy consumption, it is necessary to establish the performance curve by monitoring and collecting real-time data of the operating chiller. This article describes a methodology to construct a dynamic performance model. Based on the application of a synthetic curve and system design optimization, one can control the control point of the synthetic curve to match the actual performance ...
A Core Course on Veterans' Health in an Online RN to BSN Program

The Joining Forces Initiative challenges nursing programs throughout the country to develop curriculum that address the unique healthcare issues facing veterans. This article describes how the RN to BSN program at American Public University System responded to the Joining Forces Initiative by developing the core curriculum course, Caring for Today’s Veterans. In this course, students have the opportunity to learn about veterans’ healthcare issues through reading, discussion, interviews, and visits within their local communities. Comments from students indicate they have a greater understanding of veterans’ healthcare needs and how they, as baccalaureate-prepared nurses, can help to meet those needs.
Digestibility of Unheated Soybean Meal for Laying Hens

The digestibility of protein and energy in diets containing heated and unheated soybean meal was determined with colostomized laying hens. The data obtained showed that protein in diets containing unheated soybean meal was only 54% digested compared with 85% for heated meal. The difference in protein digesti bility was sufficient to account for the difference in energy digestibility. The metabo- lizable energy value of diets with heated or unheated soybean meal was determined after 12, 36, 67, and 97 days of feeding. There was no evidence of a change in the metabolizable energy value of the diets with time. Adult chickens did not respond differently from young chicks to diets containing unheated soybean meal. These ex periments also showed that hens did not adapt, following a prolonged feeding period, so that they were better able to digest unheated soybean meal.