cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health beliefs and behaviors of physician assistants in Texas: implications for practice and education.

Concern has been expressed over how the volume and effectiveness of physicians’ practices relative to prevention can be increased. While a review of the health care services provided by physician assistants in medical practices indicated an emphasis on health education and patient counseling, there has existed an absence of data regarding their beliefs and practices in the area of health promotion. Based upon an analysis of self-reported data from 256 respondents (89%) of a random sample (n = 289) of the 870 physician assistants in Texas, it appears that physician assistants perceive themselves as having a role in health promotion, are generally satisfied with their preventive health care role, view health promotion activities as being more important in the future, and disagree with the idea that health promotion would not be well received by patients. They routinely gather information on health behaviors and discuss or recommend ways to reduce at-risk behavior. Furthermore, while expressing certainty about their knowledge and skills to educate and influence individuals to change certain risk behaviors, physician assistants indicate less certainty about patient follow-through when it relates to such activities as smoking, drinking, and the use of illicit drugs. Considering the perceived challenge and the view that health promotion will become an even larger component of the physician assistant’s future role, these findings suggest a need for additional skills training to better assist patients to modify their more complex health risk behaviors.
DNA Flexibility does not show Appreciable Temperature Dependence

DNA fragments shorter than the persistence length display about five orders of magnitude higher flexibility than predictions of the semi-flexible polymer models based on a persistence length of 50 nm (∼150 bp). One experimental method to quantitatively compare the flexibility of different constructs at various conditions is via single molecule cyclization assays. Briefly, short double stranded DNA oligos of interest with single stranded overhangs are sparsely immobilized on a slide surface. Linear and circular constructs are distinguished by the FRET values of two fluorophores covalently attached at the two termini. This observation is repeated at regular time intervals after introduction of a high salt buffer to promote looping. Rate constants can be deduced from the relaxation towards the new equilibrium state.We performed cyclization experiments at different temperatures to investigate the affect of temperature on the looping kinetics. Our results suggest a significant temperature dependence as both looping and unlooping rates increase dramatically as temperature is increased. We then further investigated whether this effect was due to the change of the flexibility of the DNA or other temperature dependent factors inherent in our setup such as viscosity and overhang annealing, which we addressed by measuring the bimolecular linear dimerization rate under similar conditions. We also observed highly temperature dependent annealing and melting rates of the same overhangs. We then quantified the j-factors (aka Jacobson-Stockmayer factors), which measures the effective concentration of one end of a polymer at the location of the opposite end. We observed that j-factors poorly correlated with temperature, within the accuracy of our technique. This is in contradiction to our expectations if extreme bendability is mediated by the formation of transient kinks or bubbles, whose incidence should be highly correlated with temperature.
How Citizenship Produces Inclusion and Exclusion on the US-Mexico Border

This chapter examines a few cases of borderlanders in the region Paso del Norte to illustrate the dislocations in justice and righteousness that the current immigration and citizenship regime has produced. The analysis calls attention to several types of dislocations: the economic, political, and racial disenfranchisement of some and the privileged condition of others, based on an increasingly flawed legal immigration and citizenship system that includes and excludes on the bases of a mere accident of life, one’s birthplace. To this, the chapter adds two other grinding processes, the globalization and securitization of daily life, to show how an individual’s condition—with or without papers—bears hard on his or her access to opportunities and ultimately the good life. The chapter concludes that the current legal immigration system balkanizes human beings and creates a caste-like system that rubs against the values of freedom, democracy, and equality. Nowhere, it is argued, is this more evident than at the borders of inequality, where wealth and development meet poverty and underdevelopment.
A Single-Institution Study of Demographics and Outcomes of Adult Patients With Multiple Cancers.

BACKGROUND Few studies have described the demographics and outcomes in patients with multiple cancers. METHODS We reviewed the health records of patients with at least 3 invasive solid-tumor malignancies (lung, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, breast, or ovarian) diagnosed between 1995 and 2014 at our institution. RESULTS A total of 163 patients were identified. The median age at first cancer diagnosis was 61 years. Sixteen (10%) had a family history of cancer, and 7 (4%) had a cancer-predisposing syndrome. Most had early-stage malignancies and underwent a series of surgical resections. The median survival from the first cancer diagnosis was 14 years (95% confidence interval: 12-16). Forty-three percent developed 4 or more cancers. In univariate analyses, older age, male sex, smoking history, concurrent cancer, and stage IV disease were associated with worse survival; by contrast, breast cancer as the first cancer diagnosis yielded better survival. In multivariate analyses, older age, smoking history, and stage IV disease were associated with worse survival. CONCLUSIONS A small group of patients with no ostensible risk factors develop multiple early-stage cancers, receive curative therapy (often surgery), and live for years. These patients merit further study to ascertain the broader prevalence rates of individuals with multiple invasive cancers and to better understand factors that contribute to cancer risk.
Biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for irritable bowel syndrome: where are we?

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition in clinical practice. There are currently no objective tests to rule in the disease, but rather tests to rule out other diseases. Biomarkers in IBS may provide the tools needed for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. These include identification of differences in microbial composition, immune activation, bile acid composition, colonic transit, and alteration in sensation in subgroups of IBS patients.Areas covered: Studies included in our review were chosen based on a PubMed search for ‘biomarkers’ and ‘IBS’. We have reviewed the literature on biomarkers to appraise their accuracy, validity and whether they are actionable. We have not covered genetic associations as biomarkers in this review.Expert commentary: There is significant promise in the usefulness of biomarkers for IBS. The most promising actionable biomarkers are markers of changes in bile acid balance, such as elevated bile acid in the stool, and altered colonic transit. Ho...
Arts and learning: a review of the impact of arts and aesthetics on learning and opportunities for further research

Traditionally, learning scientists have paid little attention to the discipline of the arts as the more prominent focus has been on science and mathematics. Despite this, the learning sciences could benefit from further understanding how the arts offer alternative methods of inquiry, representation, and understanding. At the same time, leaders in the field of arts education are calling for more research in areas that intersect with the learning sciences, pointing to the mutually synergistic ways that the two fields could inform one another. Guided by feminist communitarian methodology, this paper brings together a review of a wide body of research in the field of arts education, spanning affective, cognitive, social, and transformative effects of the arts. Insights are shared for how the arts as a discipline can inform the study of learning and, conversely, point to ways in which learning scientists can contribute to the field of arts education research.
Improved cepstra minimum-mean-square-error noise reduction algorithm for robust speech recognition

In the era of deep learning, although beam-forming multi-channel signal processing is still very helpful, it was reported that single-channel robust front-ends usually cannot benefit deep learning models because the layer-by-layer structure of deep learning models provides a feature extraction strategy that automatically derives powerful noise-resistant features from primitive raw data for senone classification. In this study, we show that the single-channel robust front-end is still very beneficial to deep learning modelling as long as it is well designed. We improve a robust front-end, cepstra minimum mean square error (CMMSE), by using more reliable voice activity detector, refined prior SNR estimation, better gain smoothing and two-stage processing. This new front-end, improved CMMSE (ICMMSE), is evaluated on the standard Aurora 2 and Chime 3 tasks, and a 3400 hour Microsoft Cortana digital assistant task using Gaussian mixture models, feed-forward deep neural networks, and long short-term memory recurrent neural networks, respectively. It is shown that ICMMSE is superior regardless of the underlying acoustic models and the scale of evaluation tasks, with 25.46% relative WER reduction on Aurora 2, up to 11.98% relative WER reduction on Chime 3, and up to 11.01% relative WER reduction on Cortana digital assistant task, respectively.
Presence of antibiotic resistance genes in raw source water of a drinking water treatment plant in a rural community of USA

Abstract Very few studies have been reported on the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the raw source water of rural communities in the USA. Therefore this study was conducted to study the presence of few specific antibiotic resistance genes, which imparts resistance to commonly used antibiotics in a rural drinking water plant in Louisiana, USA. Samples were taken from raw intake water, the treated water in holding tank at the water treatment facility, and an offsite consumer source serviced by the distribution line. Water quality analysis uncovered increase in organic carbon in distributed water. No live bacteria were found in the treated or distributed water, but bacterial DNA in the form of 16s rRNA was consistently found. Isolates of antibiotic resistant E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia were found in the raw intake water. Antibiotic resistance genes, tetA and sul1 were observed in the raw intake showing the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the raw intake water. However, no ARGs or ARB were found in the treated and distributed water.
Field Residues and Effects of the Insect Growth Regulator Novaluron and Its Major Co-Formulant N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone on Honey Bee Reproduction and Development

Owing to the recent declines in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations, there is a need for field and laboratory studies to investigate threats to pollinator health. This study examines the hypothesis that the organophosphate alternative, Rimon 0.83EC, can have consequences to honey bee health by combining newly acquired field residue data, laboratory bioassays, and colony level feeding studies. Following label rate applications of Rimon 0.83EC to apple trees, average residue concentrations of the active ingredient, novaluron, were found to be 3.38 ppm in tree-collected pollen. Residues of the major co-formulant in Rimon 0.83EC, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), were below the limit of detection in the field, but a growth chamber study described here found that NMP can persist in pollen for up to 7 d with average concentrations of 69.3 ppm. Concurrent larval rearing studies found novaluron and NMP to be toxic to developing honey bees at doses as low as 100 ppb and 100 ppm, respectively. Nucleus colony feeding studies found that chronic exposure to Rimon 0.83EC at doses as low as 200 ppm (18.6 ppm novaluron) can result in interruptions to brood production that can last for up to 2 wk after exposure. Taken together, these data indicate the use of Rimon 0.83EC on blooming flowers is a significant threat to honey bee reproduction, and suggest the need for more strict and clear usage guidelines.
Intermittent Versus Continuous and Intermittent Medications for Pain and Sedation After Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery; A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES Compare continuous infusions of morphine and midazolam in addition to intermittent doses with an intermittent only strategy for pain and sedation after pediatric cardiac surgery. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL. PATIENTS Sixty patients 3 months to 4 years old with early extubation after pediatric cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS Patients received a continuous infusion of morphine and midazolam or placebo for 24 hours. Both groups received intermittent morphine and midazolam doses as needed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Gender, age, bypass time, and surgical complexity were not different between groups. Scheduled ketorolac and acetaminophen were used in both groups and were not associated with adverse events. The mean, median, and maximum Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, And Consolability score were not different between groups. There was no significant difference in number of intermittent doses received between groups. The total morphine dose was higher in the continuous/intermittent group (0.90 vs 0.23 mg/kg; p < 0.01). The total midazolam dose was also higher in the continuous/intermittent group (0.90 vs 0.18 mg/kg; p < 0.01). The hospital length of stay was longer in the continuous/intermittent group (8.4 vs 4.9 d; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Pain was not better controlled with the addition of continuous infusions of morphine and midazolam when compared with intermittent dosing only. Use of continuous infusions resulted in a significantly higher total dosage of these medications and a longer length of stay.
Functional Analysis of the Dengue Virus Genome Using an Insertional Mutagenesis Screen.

ABSTRACT In the last few decades, dengue virus, an arbovirus, has spread to over 120 countries. Although a vaccine has been approved in some countries, limitations on its effectiveness and a lack of effective antiviral treatments reinforce the need for additional research. The functions of several viral nonstructural proteins are essentially unknown. To better understand the functions of these proteins and thus dengue virus pathogenesis, we embarked on a genomewide transposon mutagenesis screen with next-generation sequencing to determine sites in the viral genome that tolerate 15-nucleotide insertions. Using this approach, we generated support for several published predicted transmembrane and enzymatic domains. Next, we created 7 mutants containing the 15-nucleotide insertion from the original selection and found 6 of them were capable of replication in both mammalian and mosquito tissue culture cells. Interestingly, one mutation had a significant impairment of viral assembly, and this mutation may lead to a better understanding of viral assembly and release. In addition, we created a fully infectious virus expressing a functionally tagged NS4B protein, which will provide a much-needed tool to elucidate the role of NS4B in viral pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Dengue virus is a mosquito-borne virus distributed in tropical and subtropical regions globally that can result in hospitalization and even death in some cases. Although a vaccine exists, its limitations and a lack of approved antiviral treatments highlight our limited understanding of dengue virus pathogenesis and host immunity. The functions of many viral proteins are poorly understood. We used a previously published approach using transposon mutagenesis to develop tools to study these proteins9 functions by adding insertions randomly throughout the viral genomes. These genomes were transferred into cells, and infectious progeny were recovered to determine sites that tolerated insertions, as only the genomes that tolerated insertions would be able to propagate. Using these results, we created viruses with epitope tags, one in the viral structural protein Capsid and one in the viral nonstructural protein NS4B. Further investigation of these mutants may elucidate the roles of Capsid and NS4B during dengue virus infections.
The Safe and Successful Management of Acute Pain in the Infant and Young Child

The purpose of this review is to assist clinicians in making evidence-based pharmacologic choices for treating pain in children. Pain is one of the most common reasons patients present to an Emergency Department. Determining the most appropriate way to control pain is a challenge in adults, but is even more difficult when treating infants and small children because of their increased risk of complications related to treatment. Historically, children with pain were treated less often and less aggressively than adults for a variety of reasons. Better tools for assessment and improved management guidelines have given pediatric providers the ability to apply more appropriate therapy. New options for analgesia offer safer, more effective treatment. Traditionally held ideas about safety and efficacy of many medications have recently come into question. Treatment of pediatric pain begins with effective assessment. After assessing the pain level, the type and dose of pain control can be determined. Mild pain can be controlled with oral non-narcotic medications, while moderate to severe pain is often treated with a combination of non-narcotic and opiate analgesics. Venipuncture and brief procedural pain can be addressed with a variety of topical agents.
Automaticity of word recognition is a unique predictor of reading fluency in middle-school students.

Automaticity in word recognition has been hypothesized to be important in reading development (LaBerge & Samuels, 1974; Perfetti, 1985). However, when predicting educational outcomes, it is difficult to isolate the influence of automatic word recognition from factors such as processing speed or knowledge of grapheme-phoneme correspondences. Cognitive models suggest automaticity could be achieved in different components of word recognition (e.g., by memorizing familiar words or by tuning the mappings between orthography, phonology or semantics). However, the contributions of each path have not been assessed. This study developed a new measure of automaticity to overcome these limitations and relates automaticity to standard outcomes. Subjects were 58 middle-school students (mean age = 13.2 years ± 8 months) with average to below-average reading comprehension. To assess automaticity with an accuracy-based measure, backward masking was used: On half the trials, items were presented for 90 ms and replaced by a nonlinguistic mask; on the other half it was presented unmasked to assess children’s knowledge of the word. This was instantiated in 3 experimental tasks developed to maximize reliance on different reading mappings. Automaticity, particularly in a task stressing meaning, predicted reading fluency over and above knowledge of the relevant grapheme-phoneme mappings. Automaticity in tasks involving nonwords also predicted fluency, suggesting the possibility of automaticity in orthography to phonology mappings. Variation in automatic word recognition did not predict reading comprehension or decoding. This link between automatic written word recognition and fluency has important implications for how automaticity may be targeted to improve reading outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Below the Interface: Evaluation of PLM Software Usability and User Self-efficacy

In this paper, we discussed a case study on the user experience of a new PLM software system run in a Fortune 500 company. We list the common use cases and made guidelines to solve user experience errors of the software. Each guideline explains the context of the problem with title, explanation, and example included with direction for development improvement.
Static SIMS Studies of Molecular and Macromolecular Surfaces: Ion Formation Studies

Static methods of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry have been recognized as a primary method in the development of the understanding of structure and bonding at molecular and macromolecular surfaces [1–3]. Research in our laboratory is directed toward the understanding of the static SIMS ion ejection and formation mechanisms from well-defined model molecular systems. Our approach to design and construction of such systems has utilized fatty acid monolayer and multilayer films organized on a purified water subphase and transferred to solid metal substrate using classical Langmuir-Blodgett methods [3–5]. This approach allows for control of the structure and orientation of the so-called “pre-existing state” of large molecules, while providing a way to develop approaches to the characterization of polymeric surfaces. Results from our initial SIMS work [3] have been combined with the use of these model systems for the investigation of High-Resolution Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) [6,7] as a surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopic method for the examination of molecular and macromolecular surfaces. In our laboratory, the goal is to integrate the results of these techniques with other surface-sensitive spectroscopic techniques (ESCA, Ion Scattering, FT-IR) [8–10] for polymer surface characterization. This approach can also be thought as the analogue of solving a small molecule chemical structure using vibrational and mass spectrometric data, except this same information is desired from the near surface/interfacial region of a large molecular assembly, a crystalline molecular network or a macromolecular solid.
Non-linear elution effects in split-peak chromatography II. Role of ligand heterogeneity in solute binding to columns with adsorption-limited kinetics

The split-peak effect is a useful phenomenon in studying the kinetic behavior of chromatographic supports. This work examined the combined role of ligand heterogeneity and non-linear elution conditions (i.e., sample load dependence) on the solute free fractions that are measured during split-peak studies. Exact expressions were derived to describe the effects of ligand heterogeneity under linear elution conditions, and simulation models were developed to specifically examine the combined effects of ligand heterogeneity and non-linear elution in systems with adsorption-limited rates for solute binding. The simulations showed that ligand heterogeneity increased the amount of free solute seen at any flow-rate or sample size, with this being most noticeable when using low flow-rates or large samples. One application in which these increases were examined in detail concerned the use of the split-peak effect for association rate constant measurements. It was found that linear extrapolation methods developed for homogeneous systems (as a correction for non-linear elution conditions) could successfully be applied to columns containing heterogeneous ligands. Columns containing immobilized protein A and/or protein G were used as experimental models to test the validity of the simulations; the behavior of these columns showed good quantitative and qualitative agreement with the predicted theoretical results.
Biological Reactive Intermediates of Mycotoxins

Mycotoxins are a variety of highly toxic small molecules produced by many fungi growing in nature or under laboratory conditions. In a handbook compiled by Cole and Cox (1981), more than 200 of these toxic fungal products and their metabolites were described.
Exercise Impact on Immune Regulation of Cancer

The incidence of several types of cancer is reduced by regular physical activity. Several possible mechanisms have been cited as potential mediators of the beneficial effect of physical activity on cancer prevention, including immune regulation. The immune system plays an important role in controlling tumor development by resolving inflammation and by detecting and eliminating transformed cells via a variety of mechanisms including macrophage phagocytosis and/or cytotoxicity, NK cell function, and T cell cytokine production and/or cytotoxicity. The immune system can also play a role in tumor promotion. The current review focuses on the role of acute and chronic, moderate aerobic exercise on immune endpoints relevant to anti-tumor immunity, including macrophage, NK cell and T lymphocyte function. Both acute and chronic exercise have been shown to consistently enhance phagocytosis and anti-tumor activity of macrophages which may contribute to better immunosurveillance and protection from tumor progression. In contrast, there is heterogeneity in the literature regarding the role of acute and chronic exercise on NK cell and T cell function. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that chronic exercise training enhances antigen-specific T cell proliferation and cytokine production, which may play a role in anti-tumor immunity. However, to date, no studies have explored the role of exercise in regulating the immune response to tumors. Future studies should focus on immune regulation in tumor-bearing hosts to gain a better understanding of the complex relationship between exercise, immune regulation and cancer control.
From One to Two: Can Visual Feedback Improve the Light Touch Effects on Postural Sway?

The postural control is improved by implicit somatosensory information from lightly touching a rigid bar or explicit visual information about the postural sway. Whether these two additional sources...
An Illumination Invariant Maize Canopy Structure Parameters Analysis Method Based on Hemispherical Photography

Hemispherical photography (HP) has already proven to be a powerful indirect method for measuring various components of canopy structure. In this paper an illumination invariant multiple exposure images fusion and mapping method was proposed in order to squash negative impact of variant illumination. Firstly, a series of multiple exposure maize canopy hemispherical images was captured under natural light condition. Secondly, the multiple photographs fused into a single radiance map whose pixel truncated in shadowed and lighted parts of original images expended to higher range. We were able to determine the irradiance value at each pixel, the pixel values are proportional to the true irradiance values in the scene. The pixel values, exposure times, and irradiance values form a least squares problem. Finally, we also employed a histogram equalisation method to map irradiance values to RGB color space. The comparison results show that canopy gaps fraction of HP acquired at 14:00 and 17:00 with threshold value 180 has difference of 15.4% percent, and our method reduces the difference up to 2.8%. Results of regression analysis shows that our method have a high consistency with canopy structure parameter direct surveying method, the correlation coefficient between two methods hit 0.94. The line slope was 1.463, our method measurement values were lower than direct surveying method. Our method expands the HP canopy structure parameters acquire timing, provides an automatic monitoring solution.
High-temperature tunable superfluidity of polaritons in Xene monolayers in an optical microcavity

We study tunable polaritons in monolayers of silicene, germanene, and stanene ($\mathrm{Xenes}$) via an external electric field in an open optical microcavity whose length can be adjusted. An external electric field applied perpendicular to the plane of the $\mathrm{Xene}$ monolayer simultaneously changes the band gap and the exciton binding energy, while the variable length of the open microcavity allows one to keep the exciton and cavity photon modes in resonance. First, the Schr\"odinger equation for an electron and hole in an $\mathrm{Xene}$ monolayer is solved, yielding the eigenergies and eigenfunctions of the exciton as a function of the external electric field. The dependence of the polaritonic properties, such as the Rabi splitting, on the external electric field and on the cavity length, is analyzed. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition temperature of polaritons is calculated as a function of the external electric field. We analyze and present the conditions for a room-temperature superfluid of lower polaritons by simultaneously maximizing the Rabi splitting and BKT transition temperature.
Специфический когнитивный дефицит у детей с гиперкинетическим расстройством

In this review article, features of a specific cognitive deficit in children with hyperkinetic disorder are considered. The uneven development of higher mental functions observed in these cases, the hierarchical structure of the detected defects, neuropsychological features is determined, in the author’s opinion, to distinguish hyperkinetic disorder of childhood from atonic forms of mental retardation and other hyperdynamic syndromes in a wide range of child psychopathology, creating a model of a specificcognitive deficit.
Situated information flow theory

A key component of recent privacy rules is restriction on the flows of personal information or data based on information categories. This tendency conflicts with the fact that data's meaning is not stable but depends on how it was formed and with what other information it is combined. These properties of information challenge naive intuitions that information 'flows' like a fluid, such as water or oil. Rather, we build on on Dretske, Pearl, and Nissenbaum to develop situated information flow theory (SIFT): a view of information flows as causal flows with nomic associations due to a larger context of causal relations. The semantics of situated information flow are precise within the statistical framework of Bayesian networks. We argue this understanding of information flow has three policy implications. (1) Restrictions on data transfers are more precise and enforceable than restrictions on information flow. (2) Information 'categories' or meanings must be defined relative to a particular class of observers and take into account their reasonable background information. (3) The semantics of data are ambiguous when there is uncertainty about causal structure, and this structure is learned from data aggregation. Hence, the information asymmetry between data aggregators and individual data subjects are one reason why data processors are 'opaque' and difficult to regulate.
Echocardiographic surveillance in children after tetralogy of Fallot repair: Adherence to guidelines?

Abstract Background Longitudinal clinical surveillance by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an established practice in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Non-Invasive Imaging Guidelines recommends a list of reporting elements that should be addressed during routine TTE in this population. In this study, we assessed the adherence to these recommendations. Methods This was a multi-center (n = 8) retrospective review of TTE reports in children ≤11 years of age who have had complete TOF repair. We included 10 patients from each participating center (n = 80) and scored 2 outpatient follow-up TTE reports on each patient. The adherence rate was based on completeness of TTE reporting elements derived from the guidelines. Results We reviewed 160 TTE reports on 80 patients. Median age was 4.4 months (IQR 1.5-6.6) and 3.6 years (IQR 1.3-6.4) at the time of complete surgical repair and first TTE report, respectively. The median adherence rate to recommended reporting elements was 61% (IQR 53–70). Of the 160 reports, 9 (7%) were ≥80% adherent and 40 (25%) were ≥70% adherent. Quantitative measurements of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), right ventricular (RV) size and function, and branch pulmonary arteries were least likely to be reported. Conclusions Overall adherence to the most recent published imaging guidelines for surveillance of children with repaired TOF patients was suboptimal, especially for reporting of RVOT, RV size and function, and branch pulmonary arteries. Further studies are needed to explore the barriers to adherence to guidelines and most importantly, whether adherence is associated with clinical outcomes.
Resistance and the Black Freedom Movement: Reflections on White’s Freedom Farmers

First paragraphs: Landmark: 1. An object or feature of a landscape . . . that is easily seen and recognized from a distance, especially one that enables someone to establish their location. Synonyms: mark, indicator, guiding light, signal, beacon, lodestar. 2. An event or discovery marking an important stage or turning point in something. Synonyms: milestone, watershed . . . major achievement. (“Landmark,” n.d., para. 1 & 4) Dr. Monica White’s Freedom Farmers: Agricultural Resistance and the Black Freedom Movement stands literally as a landmark, ushering in a new era of community-based scholarship with and for agrarian justice. From here on out, scholars, activists, practitioners have a lodestar from which to research, practice, and advocate for food, farm, and racial justice: Dr. White’s framework of “collective agency and com­munity resilience” (CACR). Food studies scholars from across and beyond academic disciplines are in strong consensus as to the importance of this pivotal book—a manuscript that draws upon and advances rural sociology, history, agri-food studies, Black history, cooperative economics, and more. In this set of reflections on Freedom Farmers, McCutcheon lauds how the work is a “love letter” to past, present, and future Black farmers, and the powerful pedagogical potential of such celebration. Reese recounts how the book excavates the erased histories of Black women leaders and farmers, showing us how to “re/see the world” through this powerful lens. Babb calls the text a gift that “flips the script” to provide informative and inspirational narratives of food justice and food sovereignty in action. Hall commends how the book “pushes us to participate in the remaking of our communities with honesty, resilience, solidarity, and love.” Sarmiento notes how, even as the book critiques structural racism, it offers a generous, affirmative vision of resistance and agency. Wilson concurs that the book opens radical possibilities for hope, particularly in the classroom. I would also point readers to Cynthia Greenlee’s (2018) Civil Eats interview with Dr. White, which highlights how the book sheds light on the over­looked role of Black farmers in the Civil Rights movement, resurgence of Black agriculture and scholarship on it, and the ongoing necessity of affirming collective agency in the fight against racism at large. . . . - - - - - - - - - - - A note from the authors: Special thanks to West Virginia University's Food Justice Lab for first gathering us in 2018, and to WVU's Wilderness Geography Wild Food Lab. Thanks also to American University School of International Service for supporting the American Association of Geographer's 2019 Author-Meets-Colleagues Panel for Dr. White's book.
Miniaturized device for whole cortex mesoscale imaging in freely behaving mice

The advent of genetically-encoded calcium indicators, along with surgical preparations such as thinned skulls or refractive index matched skulls, have enabled mesoscale cortical activity imaging in headfixed mice. Such imaging studies have revealed complex patterns of coordinated activity across the cortical surface during a variety of behaviors. However, neural activity during free, unrestrained behavior significantly differs from that observed in headfixed animals. The ability to perform mesoscale imaging of the cortex in freely behaving mice may launch new avenues of scientific enquiry. Here we present the ‘Mesoscope’, a miniature, head-mountable imaging device compatible with transparent polymer skulls recently developed by our group. With an 8x10 mm field of view, the Mesoscope can image most of the mouse dorsal cortex and weighs only 3.7 grams. Here, we show preliminary behavioral experiments and mesoscale imaging in anesthetized mice.
Thermo-poromechanics of fractal media.

This article advances continuum-type mechanics of porous media having a generally anisotropic, product-like fractal geometry. Relying on a fractal derivative, the approach leads to global balance l...
Comparisons in cell phone use rates between talking and manually manipulating the handheld device

Cell phone use is among the most prevalent types of in-vehicle distractions. Studies have shown cell phones to have a negative impact on driving performance, with the magnitude of these impacts var...
The Development of Intelligence: Education and Neuroscience

Abstract Exciting research is emerging at the intersection of neuroscience and the social sciences examining the connection between education and cognitive development, including intelligence. First, neuroscience demonstrates that education influences brain development. Second, strong evidence suggests a causal relationship between education and the expression of intelligence through testable cognitive skills. Third, rapid growth in worldwide education levels likely caused the worldwide rise in IQ known as the Flynn effect. Finally, recent research is examining how these cognitive effects of schooling have positive impacts on society. Together, this evidence shows that education strongly influences intelligence, and this connection deserves further cross-disciplinary attention.
Predicting multi-modal symptom trajectories across 7 years in veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress

Abstract Background Veterans are disproportionately affected by symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTS) and associated poor health and psychosocial functioning. While most improve over time, others experience severe and persistent concerns. The ability to predict this latter group is critical for early intervention. Characterizing this subgroup has proven difficult, with most studies focusing on PTS and neglect a wider assessment of veterans’ wellbeing. Consequently, little is known about veterans who experience chronic symptoms and far-reaching impairment. Method The present study uses dimension reduction, growth mixture modeling, and clustering methods to identify veterans with the worst-faring trajectories of psychiatric symptoms, health, and psychosocial functioning, using data from the seven-year Mind Your Heart study (MYH) of people receiving Veterans Affairs services (n = 747). Random forest classification and feature selection were then used to examine predictors that distinguish the worst-fairing veteran group from others in the cohort. Results The combined analyses revealed a subgroup of veterans with severe and diverse symptoms across psychiatric domains, impairment in multiple facets of living, and poor health with deterioration over seven years. This subgroup was distinguished by transdiagnostic symptom severity and greater social isolation, avoidance, anhedonia, cynicism, anger/hostility, and immune response and inflammation. Conclusions Veterans whose distress spans multiple domains appear to be more broadly impaired, socially isolated, cynical or angry/hostile to others, and show elevated immunoreactivity and inflammation. Care for this population should be informed by a multidisciplinary approach that is conscious of veterans’ mental and physical health, and interpersonal needs.
Anterolateral entorhinal cortex volume is associated with memory retention in clinically unimpaired older adults.

Abstract The entorhinal cortex is subdivided into anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alERC) and posteromedial entorhinal cortex (pmERC) subregions, which are theorized to support distinct cognitive roles. This distinction is particularly important as the alERC is one of the earliest cortical regions affected by Alzheimer's pathology and related neurodegeneration. The relative associations of alERC/pmERC with neuropsychological test performance have not been examined. We examined how alERC/pmERC volumes differentially relate to performance on 1) the Modified Rey Auditory Learning Test (ModRey), a verbal memory test designed to assess normal/preclinical populations, 2) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and 3) the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center neuropsychological battery. We also examined whether alERC/pmERC volumes correlate with Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. In 65 cognitively healthy (CDR = 0) older adults, alERC, but not pmERC, volume was associated with ModRey memory retention. Only alERC volume differentiated between participants who scored above and below the MoCA cutoff score for impairment. Evaluating the MoCA subdomains revealed that alERC was particularly associated with verbal recall. On the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center battery, both alERC and pmERC volumes were associated with Craft story recall and Benson figure copy, but only alERC volume was associated with Craft story retention and semantic fluency. Neither alERC nor pmERC volume correlated with CSF levels of amyloid or tau, and regression analyses showed that alERC volume and CSF amyloid levels were independently associated with ModRey retention performance. Taken together, these results suggest that the alERC is important for memory performance and that alERC volume differences are related to a pattern of neuropsychological test performance (i.e., impairments in episodic memory and semantic fluency) typically seen in clinical Alzheimer's disease.
Mitigating Heat Wave and Exposure Damage to "Cabernet Sauvignon" Wine Grape With Partial Shading Under Two Irrigation Amounts.

Rising temperatures in most agricultural regions of the world are associated with a higher incidence of extreme weather events such as heat waves. We performed an experiment to mitigate the impact of heat waves and exposure of berries in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. "Cabernet Sauvignon") with untreated vines (Exposed) or with fruit-zone partial shading (Shaded) under 40 and 80% replacement of crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) with sustained deficit irrigation in a factorially arranged experiment. The trial was performed in a vineyard with vertically shoot positioned trellis with a row orientation that concentrated solar radiation exposure on the southwest aspect of the fruit zone. Leaf stomatal conductance (g s ) and net carbon assimilation (A N ) were significantly lower in shaded leaves under partial fruit-zone shading that resulted in lower pruning mass for Shaded treatments. Stem water potential (Ψ stem ) responded to a large extent to increased irrigation. However, grapevines with partial fruit-zone shading had transiently better water status under 40% ET c . Cluster maximum temperatures were 3.9°C greater in Exposed grapevines. Exposed clusters had transiently lower acidity and higher pH. However, Exposed clusters on 40% ET c had higher total soluble solids (TSS). The experimental vineyard suffered a 4-day heat wave 21 days before harvest, resulting in 25% of the clusters being damaged in Exposed treatment, regardless of irrigation amount. Furthermore, berries in Exposed treatments suffered a great loss of anthocyanins and flavonols even if they were not damaged by direct solar exposure. The pre-planting decision of using a vertically shoot positioned trellis that concentrated solar radiation on the Southwest aspect offered mild protection in a hot climate region with a sunny growing season with extreme heat events during the execution of study. The extreme conditions under which this study was conducted are not unusual, and have become more expected. Our work provided evidence of the vulnerability of grape berry to heat waves and exposure during heat wave events and possible protection methods to mitigate these effects in situ in context of climate change.
Fiber-reinforced composites: nonlinear elasticity and beyond

A fiber-reinforced material comprised of a soft polymeric matrix reinforced with polymeric filaments is often modeled as an equivalent anisotropic nonlinearly elastic solid. Although the response of a single constituent polymeric material can be modeled by nonlinear thermo-elasticity over a large range of deformations and temperatures, there can be conditions requiring a theory that extends the range of application to account for other features, such as nonlinear viscoelasticity and an evolving microstructure due to a combination of mechanical and nonmechanical factors. In a multi-constituent fiber-reinforced material these effects can be expected to occur with different initial triggering and ongoing potency in the separate polymer matrix and fiber constituents. This paper summarizes a number of constitutive models for fiber-reinforced materials that include these features, discusses the connection of these models to a nonlinearly elastic scaffold, provides a framework for the incorporation of these features into the constitutive theory for an equivalent general simple solid, and shows how certain terms in the mathematical structure can be associated with the matrix constituent while other terms can associated with the fibrous constituent.
Foreword: Special section on the Seismic Analysis and Risk Assessment of Nuclear Facilities

The seismic design and risk assessment of nuclear facilities is critically important, not just for safety, but also for economics—the latter especially for commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs). T...
Crotonylation Sensitizes IAPI-Induced Disruption of Latent HIV by Modulating ncNF-κB Signaling at the Step of p100 Cleavage Into p52

The eradication of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) is difficult to achieve, largely due to stable viral reservoirs. While many strategies have been tested, a clinical meaningful success has yet to be achieved, indicating that our understanding of HIV latency is incomplete and strategies to disrupt latency are not yet ideal. In this report, we show that crotonylation, a recently discovered epigenetic modification involved in HIV transcription from latency, also acts to enhance AZD5582-induced noncanonical NF-κB (ncNF-κB) signaling, further augmenting HIV latency reversal via this pathway. This was tested in Jurkat and U1 cell line models of latency, HIV latently infected primary CD4+ T cells and resting CD4+ T cells isolated from ART-suppressed people living with HIV ex vivo . Surprisingly, crotonylation upregulates the levels of the active p52 subunit of the NF-κB transcription factor induced by AZD5582 in Jurkat models of HIV latency. Quantitative mass spectrometry screening and biochemical analysis suggest that the ubiquitination E3 ligase TRIM27 may be involved in p100 cleavage into p52 activated by AZD5582, part of the heterodimer to activate NF-κB for the transcription of HIV. When TRIM27 is depleted, transcription of HIV and AZD5582-induced latency reversal are reduced. Interestingly, both p100 and p52 levels are reduced by TRIM27 siRNA knockdown or by pharmacologic inhibition of TRIM27 deubiquitinase partner protein USP7 during the induction of ncNF-κB signaling. These observations reveal the complexity of HIV transcriptional machinery, particularly of NF-κB factors known to be essential for HIV latency disruption.