cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The man-machine confrontation: The need for a humanistic viewpoint

Abstract Popular fears about “thinking” machines have been both long-standing and persistent. While man has remained the same throughout the ages of civilization, he has increasingly surrounded himself with machines of ever greater technological capacity and complexity. Of these, computers, which in certain respects simulate human thought processes, have met strong resistance both from organizations and from the people in them. Fears of unemployment and loss of identity in automated systems are largely chimeras, however, for when considered humanistically, computers are merely highly useful tools for extending man's capabilities.
Adipose-derived cell treatment is associated with decreased ROS production and improved coronary microvascular function in advanced age (676.11)

In aged rats and humans, coronary blood flow reserve (CFR) is significantly decreased and may contribute to the increased risk for CVD as people age. Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells have shown an innate capacity for angiogenesis and regeneration in the periphery. We wanted to assess the therapeutic potential of SVF to improve poor CFR in aged rats and evaluate the effect on underlying ROS signaling mechanisms. SVF was isolated from fat pads of young (4 mos) rats through mincing, enzyme digestion, and removal of buoyant adipocytes. SVF (1x10(6) cells/cm2) was plated on Vicryl® and cultured for 14 days before implantation on epicardial surface of old rats (22 mos). After 6 weeks, microspheres were injected during baseline and dobutamine infusion to evaluate CFR (hyperemic BF/ baseline BF). Coronary arterioles were isolated, pressurized and infused with ROS-specific fluorescent dyes to detect basal levels of O2- (DHE, 5 uM) and NO (DAF, 5 uM). Another set of arterioles were evaluated fo...
Packing of graphic n -tuples

An n-tuple π (not necessarily monotone) is graphic if there is a simple graph G with vertex set {v1, …, vn} in which the degree of vi is the ith entry of π. Graphic n-tuples (d, …, d) and (d, …, d) pack if there are edge-disjoint n-vertex graphs G1 and G2 such that d(vi) = d and d(vi) = d for all i. We prove that graphic n-tuples π1 and π2 pack if , where Δand δdenote the largest and smallest entries in π1 + π2 (strict inequality when δ = 1); also, the bound is sharp. Kundu and Lovasz independently proved that a graphic n-tuple π is realized by a graph with a k-factor if the n-tuple obtained by subtracting k from each entry of π is graphic; for even n we conjecture that in fact some realization has k edge-disjoint 1-factors. We prove the conjecture in the case where the largest entry of π is at most n/2 + 1 and also when k⩽3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Contract grant sponsor: NSF; Contract grant numbers: DMS-0914815 (to S. G. H.); DGE-0742434 (to M. S. J.); Contract grant sponsor: NSA; Contract grant number: H98230-10-1-0363 (to D. B. W.).)
Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in amniotic fluid in normal and abnormal pregnancy☆

Abstract Only in normal pregnancy does the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio correlate with gestational age. Abnormalities of pregnancy, including maternal, fetal, and placental conditions, may affect markedly the maturation of the fetal lung. Certain conditions associated, e.g., with maternal hypertension and severe placental problems including retroplacental bleeding and ruptured membranes accelerate L/S ratio maturation and other conditions such as diabetes mellitus (A, B, and C) delay maturation of the L/S ratio. These studies suggest that an association exists between general major organ system maturation of the fetus—“functional maturity”-and the L/S ratio, independent of gestational age or birth weight.
Normative power and EU arms transfer policy: A theoretical critique and empirical test

Arms transfers are both an economic necessity for the European arms industry and a potential obstacle for the emerging normative power role of the European Union (EU) in world affairs. Indeed, the biggest markets for arms exports in the post-Cold War era are often in states engaged in conflict or high levels of internal repression – precisely where the EU’s normative policy agenda seeks to promote peace, stability, and respect for human rights. Despite these glaring contradictions, however, research on how well the EU’s arms transfer behavior mirrors its normative power rhetoric has been largely absent. This article attempts to fill this theoretical and empirical void. I use regression analysis to examine the relationship between EU arms exports and the human rights, conflict, and democracy records of recipient states from 1990 to 2004. A case study of the debate to lift the arms embargo to China provides a more in-depth assessment of the politics behind EU arms transfers. Both analyses highlight the need to consider material interests and normative concerns in tandem in order to understand EU foreign policy. The findings also suggest that low levels of EU socialization and the predominance of domestic interests and values may hinder the creation of a single European external identity. Normative Macht und die EU-Waffenlieferungspolitik: Eine theoretische Kritik und ein empirischer Test Waffenexporte sind sowohl eine okonomische Notwendigkeit fur die europaische Waffenindustrie als auch ein potenzielles Hindernis fur die entstehende normative Macht der Europaischen Union (EU) im Weltgeschehen. Tatsachlich gibt es in der Ara nach dem Kalten Krieg die grosten Waffenmarkte oft in Staaten, die entweder miteinander in Konflikt stehen oder in hohem Mas interne Repression aufweisen – also genau in jenen Landern, in denen die EU auf der normativen Ebene ihrer politischen Agenda danach strebt, Frieden zu stiften, fur Stabilitat zu sorgen und die Einhaltung der Menschenrechte voranzutreiben. Trotz dieser eklatanten Widerspruche gibt es sehr wenig wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen daruber, inwieweit Waffenlieferungen der EU deren moralischnormativen Rhetoriken reflektieren. Dieser Beitrag versucht, die vorhandene theoretische und empirische Lucke zu fullen. Anhand einer Regressionsanalyse untersucht die Autorin das Verhaltnis von EU-Waffenexporten und Menschenrechten, Konflikten und demokratischer Entwicklung in den Empfangerlandern zwischen 1990 und 2004. Eine Fallstudie uber die Debatte zur Aufhebung des Waffenembargos gegen China dient einer tiefer gehenden Analyse der Politik hinter den europaischen Waffenlieferungen. Die Ergebnisse beider Analysen machen klar, dass es fur ein Verstandnis der EU-Ausenpolitik notwendig ist, materielle Interessen und normative Bedenken gemeinsam zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse legen auserdem die Vermutung nahe, dass der geringe Grad einer EUSozialisation und die Dominanz nationaler Interessen und Wertvorstellungen die Herausbildung einer homogenen europaischen Identitat im Ausenverhaltnis erschweren durften.
Alice Sterling Honig. Little Kids Big Worries: Stress-Busting Tips for Early Childhood Classrooms

Anyone who has spent time in an early childhood classroom recognizes that stress is a part of daily life. With all of the responsibility put into the hands of teachers caring for and teaching young...
Health Policy Basics: Implementation of the International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) standardizes diagnostic codes into meaningful criteria to enable the storage and retrieval of information regarding patient care. Whereas other countries have been using ICD, 10th Revision (ICD-10), for years, the United States will transition from ICD, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), to ICD-10, on 1 October 2015. This transition is one of the largest and most technically challenging changes that the medical community has experienced in the past several decades. This article outlines the implications of moving to ICD-10 and recommends resources to facilitate the transition.
Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Fluid Exchange in the Lungs During Exercise

The sections in this article are: 1 Pressures and Flows in the Human Lung Circulation 1.1 Historical Notes 1.2 Human Data 1.3 Arterial, Intrathoracic, and Left Heart Pressures 1.4 Wedge and Pulmonary Arterial Pressures 1.5 Arteriovenous Pressure Gradient (Driving Pressure) 1.6 Exercise and Compliance in Large Pulmonary Arteries 2 Hemodynamics During Exercise in Animals 2.1 Sheep 2.2 Dogs 2.3 Horses 3 Lung Fluid Exchange 3.1 General Concepts 3.2 Factors that Oppose Edema Formation 3.3 Edema Safety Factors in Lung 3.4 Lung Microvascular Fluid Exchange 3.5 Fluid Drainage Patterns in Lung Tissue 3.6 Effects of Intra-alveolar Edema on Gas Exchange 4 Fluid Exchange in Exercising Animal Models 5 Lung Fluid Exchange in Exercising Humans 5.1 Increases in Microvascular Pressures 5.2 Microvascular Stress Failure in Exercise 6 Conclusions
Strengthening International Regulation Through "Transnational New Governance"

A new kind of international regulatory system is spontaneously arising out of the failure of international "Old Governance" (treaties and intergovernmental organizations) to adequately regulate international business. NGOs, business firms and other actors, singly and in novel combinations, are creating innovative institutions to apply transnational norms to business. These institutions are predominantly private, and operate through voluntary standards. We depict the diversity of these new regulatory institutions on the "Governance Triangle," according to the roles of different actors in their governance. To analyze this complex system, we adapt the domestic "New Governance" (NG) model of regulation to the international setting. "Transnational New Governance" (TNG) potentially provides many benefits of NG, and is particularly suitable for international regulation because it demands less of states and IGOs. However, TNG requires states and IGOs to act as orchestrators of the regulatory system, which currently suffers from a significant orchestration deficit. By expanding “directive” and "facilitative" orchestration, states and IGOs could strengthen high-quality private institutions, improve the international regulatory system and better achieve their own regulatory goals.
The Caenorhabditis elegans gene ncc-1 encodes a cdc2-related kinase required for M phase in meiotic and mitotic cell divisions, but not for S phase

We have identified six protein kinases that belong to the family of cdc2-related kinases in Caenorhabditis elegans. Results from RNA interference experiments indicate that at least one of these kinases is required for cell-cycle progression during meiosis and mitosis. This kinase, encoded by the ncc-1 gene, is closely related to human Cdk1/Cdc2, Cdk2 and Cdk3 and yeast CDC28/cdc2(+). We addressed whether ncc-1 acts to promote passage through a single transition or multiple transitions in the cell cycle, analogous to Cdks in vertebrates or yeasts, respectively. We isolated five recessive ncc-1 mutations in a genetic screen for mutants that resemble larval arrested ncc-1(RNAi) animals. Our results indicate that maternal ncc-1 product is sufficient for embryogenesis, and that zygotic expression is required for cell divisions during larval development. Cells that form the postembryonic lineages in wild-type animals do not enter mitosis in ncc-1 mutants, as indicated by lack of chromosome condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown. However, progression through G1 and S phase appears unaffected, as revealed by expression of ribonucleotide reductase, incorporation of BrdU and DNA quantitation. Our results indicate that C. elegans uses multiple Cdks to regulate cell-cycle transitions and that ncc-1 is the C. elegans ortholog of Cdk1/Cdc2 in other metazoans, required for M phase in meiotic as well as mitotic cell cycles.
Photonic Precoding for Millimeter-Wave Multicell MIMO in Centralized RoF System

We propose a centralized photonic precoding method for millimeter-wave (MMW) multicell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications. By applying the multicell MIMO and hence exploiting the spatial multiplexing gain over MMW, the system capacity is enhanced compared with the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) system. Based on radio-over-fiber (RoF) techniques, the multicell function is realized in a centralized location, which simplifies the design of remote access units. Traversing over the optical links enabled by the RoF infrastructure, we implement a novel method of photonic precoding to realize the zero-forcing precoding approach, which simplifies the user equipment complexity. A two-cell MIMO downlink transmission using the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated. Our results show that original signals can be directly recovered at the receivers with a power penalty <;1 dB compared with SISO transmission. The effect of varying photonic parameters is also analyzed.
Two-photon absorption by rotating diatomic molecules

Explicit forms for the two-photon absorption cross section in linearly and circularly polarized light for rotating diatomic molecules have been developed. The ratio (σλλ/σ cc ) of the cross sections for individual rotational transitions is precisely two-thirds for all branches of ΔΩ = 0, ±1, ±2 transitions except for the unique case—the Q branch of a ΔΩ=0 transition. In the latter case the ratio becomes J-dependent and may range from infinity to 4/1 (for high J) for different relative contributions to the absorption cross section of intermediate states having either the same or different electronic symmetry. These contributions are thus experimentally accessible in this favourable situation.
Applicability of an established management algorithm for colon injuries following blunt trauma.

BACKGROUNDOperative management at our institution for all colon injuries have followed a defined algorithm (ALG) based on risk factors originally identified for penetrating injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the ALG to blunt colon injuries.METHODSPatients with b
Ring-puckering combination band spectra of an isotopic impurity: 1,3-Disilacyclobutane-1,1,3-d3

Abstract An isotope doping procedure has been used to produce a mixture containing 1,3-disilacyclobutane-1,1,3,3- d 4 (predominantly) and 29% of the -1,1,3- d 3 species. Investigation of the SiH stretching band at 2153 cm −1 of the d 3 molecule shows fourteen sum and difference bands arising from the low-frequency ring-puckering motion. The analysis of this spectrum together with those for the d 0 and the -1,1,3,3- d 4 molecules demonstrate that a uniform amount of SiH 2 rocking is coupled to the ring-puckering motion in all isotopic species and that the kinetic energy model previously proposed is valid. The technique for analyzing isotopic impurities demonstrated in this work should be valuable for future investigations.
The β-major and β-minor globin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells replicate during the same early interval of the S phase

Abstract The time of replication in S phase was determined for the 7.3 kb EcoRI segment containing the β-major globin gene and the 14 kb EcoRI segment containing the β-minor globin gene in a murine Friend erythroleukemia virus transformed (MEL) cell line. Cells were obtained from different intervals of S phase by centrifugal elutriation to avoid artifacts of chemical synchronization. Newly synthesized DNA from different parts of S phase were obtained by isolation of 5-bromouracil (BU) labelled DNA from these cells. The BU-DNA synthesized during four different intervals of S was transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl (DBM) paper and hybridized with a β-globin cDNA probe. Quantitation showed that both β-globin segments were replicated in the first quarter of the S phase with no significant difference in their time of replication in this MEL cell line.
The procedural value for cooperative games with non-transferable utility

Abstract I adapt Raiffa's discrete bargaining solution in order to take the possibility of partial cooperation into account when there are more than two players. The approach is non-cooperative. I slightly modify the bargaining procedure proposed by Sjostrom for supporting the Raiffa solution, exactly as Hart and Mas-Colell introduced the possibility of partial cooperation in (a slight variation of) the Rubinstein procedure. I characterize the unique subgame perfect equilibrium outcome and so justify a new value for cooperative games with non-transferable utility. The so-called procedural value is obtained by applying recursively the Raiffa solution to appropriate bargaining problems. It appears to satisfy nice properties.
Minor components ofLesquerella fendleri seed oil

Routine analysis of fatty ester fractions ofLesquerella fendleri oil suggested the presence of epoxy compounds and other minor components. By a combination of open silica column and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionations of the methyl esters prepared from the oil, these constitutents were isolated and then characterized by thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS—electron ionization, EI, and chemical ionization, CI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR—1H and13C). Three epoxy acids, 15,16-epoxy-9,12-octadecadienoic, 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic and 9,10-epoxy-octadecanoic, were found. Hydroxy acids present included a C-22 homologue of lesquerolic acid (16-hydroxy-12-docosenoic acid) and 14,15-dihydroxy-tricosanoic acid. Other minor ocmponents included four sterols, brassicasterol, campesterol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, and a series of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids up to C30.
Open Source Physics Curricular Material for Quantum Mechanics

Much of the difficulty in learning advanced concepts in quantum mechanics comes from trying to visualize abstract problems. This article addresses the situation with interactive curricular material created as part of the open source physics project. In particular, the authors focus on the measurement and time evolution of two-state superpositions in the context of bound states and spin.
Acute effects of calcitonin on bone formation in man

Abstract Intravenous administration of porcine calcitonin or salmon calcitonin to a normal subject or to patients with Paget's disease of bone produces a marked decrease in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline-containing peptides. The excretion of both polypeptides (retentate after dialysis) and oligopeptides (diffusate after dialysis) decreases after calcitonin. Since it has been shown previously in patients with Paget's disease that the retentate hydroxyproline reflects predominantly (bone) collagen synthesis, it is likely that bone collagen synthesis decreases acutely, accompanying the decrease in degradation of bone produced by calcitonin.
Dual language intervention for bilinguals at risk for language impairment.

Selecting the initial language of intervention for bilingual children at risk for language impairment is challenging for clinicians, as both the home and academic languages are important for children's successful communication. In this project, six Spanish–English bilingual first graders at risk for language impairment participated in an 8-week intervention program targeting vocabulary, morphosyntax, narrative, and literacy skills in both Spanish and English. Children completed 24 small-group sessions (three times a week). One group received Spanish intervention first, then English, and another group received English first, then Spanish. The systematic use of both languages in intervention resulted in overall gains in vocabulary and narrative skills in this short-term intervention. Language condition groups differed in performance on oral narratives and semantics. Clinical recommendations for selecting the initial language of intervention are discussed.
The role of digital cartographic data in the geosciences

Abstract The increasing demand of the Nation's natural resource developers for the manipulation, analysis, and display of large quantities of earth-science data has necessitated the use of computers and the building of geoscience information systems. These systems require, in digital form, the spatial data on map products. The basic cartographic data shown on quadrangle maps provide a foundation for the addition of geological and geophysical data. If geoscience information systems are to realize their full potential, large amounts of digital cartographic base data must be available. A major goal of the U.S. Geological Survey is to create, maintain, manage, and distribute a national cartographic and geographic digital database. This unified database will contain numerous categories (hydrography, hypsography, land use, etc.) that, through the use of standardized data-element definitions and formats, can be used easily and flexibly to prepare cartographic products and perform geoscience analysis.
Improving the Performance of the Listening Competency Scale: Revision and Validation

Measuring latent traits is central to quantitative listening research and has been the focus of many studies. One such prominent measurement instrument, based on the Wolvin and Coakley (1993) listening taxonomy, was developed by Ford, Wolvin, and Chung (2000). Subsequent validation research (Mickelson & Welch, 2012)called for revisiting and modifying individual items of the Listening Competency Scale. The research presented here outlines the process of revising the items to create a revised scale with a more unified, affective view of listening behavioral practices through self-report and documents the confirmatory analytic results for the revised scale.
Switchable Fresnel lens using polymer-stabilized liquid crystals

A switchable Fresnel zone plate lens is demonstrated using a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal. The fabrication process is relatively simple and the device can be operated below 10 volts with fast response time. Such a device works well for a linearly polarized light.
Numerical Simulation of Intense Precipitation Events South of the Alps: Sensitivity to Initial Conditions and Horizontal Resolution

In this paper we describe the results of several numerical experiments performed with the limited area model LAMBO, based on a 1989 version of the NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction) ETA model, operational at ARPA-SMR since 1993. The experiments have been designed to assess the impact of different horizontal resolutions and initial conditions on the quality and detail of the forecast, especially as regards the precipitation field in the case of severe flood events. For initial conditions we developed a mesoscale data assimilation scheme, based on the nudging technique. The scheme makes use of upper air and surface meteorological observations to modify ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast) operational analyses, used as first-guess fields, in order to better describe smaller scales features, mainly in the lower troposphere. Three flood cases in the Alpine and Mediterranean regions have been simulated with LAMBO, using a horizontal grid spacing of 15 and 5 km and starting either from ECMWF initialised analysis or from the result of our mesoscale analysis procedure. The results show that increasing the resolution generally improves the forecast, bringing the precipitation peaks in the flooded areas close to the observed values without producing many spurious precipitation patterns. The use of mesoscale analysis produces a more realistic representation of precipitation patterns giving a further improvement to the forecast of precipitation. Furthermore, when simulations are started from mesoscale analysis, some model-simulated thermodynamic indices show greater vertical instability just in the regions where strongest precipitation occurred.
A Theory of Particle-Reinforced Plasticity

A simple, albeit approximate, theory is developed to determine the elastoplastic behavior of particle-reinforced materials. The elastic, spherical particles are uniformly dispersed in the ductile, work-hardening matrix. The method proposed combines Mori-Tanaka’s concept of average stress in elasticity and Hill’s discovery of a decreasing constraint power of the matrix in polycrystal plasticity. Under a monotonic, proportional loading the latter was characterized, approximately, by the secant moduli of the matrix. The theory is established for both traction and displacement-prescribed boundary conditions, under which, the average stress and strain of the constituents and the effective secant moduli of the composite are explicitly given in terms of the secant moduli of the matrix and the volume fraction of particles. In particular, the yield stress and work-hardening modulus of the composite are shown to be inversely proportional to the deviatoric part of average stress concentration factors of the matrix, and therefore will increase (or decrease) with increasing hard (or soft) particle concentration. It is also found that, even if the matrix is plastically incompressible, the composite as a whole is not. Comparison between the theory and the experiment for a silica/epoxy system shows a reasonable agreement. The theory is also compared with a recently developed one by Arsenault and Taya; while both give the same initial yield stress for the composite, the work-hardening modulus predicted by their theory is found to be higher.
Heterotaxy syndrome and intestinal rotational anomalies: Impact of the Ladd procedure

Abstract Background Children with heterotaxy syndrome and intestinal rotational anomalies (IRA) are at risk for midgut volvulus and ischemia. Controversy exists regarding risks and benefits of prophylactic Ladd procedures. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of Ladd procedures on adverse events for children with heterotaxy and IRA. Methods A retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was performed. All children with heterotaxy and IRA admitted at age ≤30days and discharged between 1/1/2004 and 1/1/2011 were included with a minimum 2-year follow-up period. The primary outcome was major morbidity , defined as a composite variable for intestinal obstruction/volvulus, ischemia, or resection, or inhospital mortality . Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. Results There were 325 patients who met the inclusion criteria, including 92 (28%) patients with single ventricles. Mean gestational age was 38.0±2.1weeks and birth weight was 3.1±0.6kg. Ladd procedure was performed during initial hospitalization on 188 (58%) children. In multivariable analyses, Ladd procedure on initial hospitalization was associated with a 2.2 times increased odds of adverse events on subsequent admissions (95% CI 1.3–4.0, p =0.007). Conclusions Ladd procedure is associated with increased odds of adverse events for children with heterotaxy and IRA.
Inelastic electron tunnelling from a metal tip

Abstract A simple model for inelastic electron tunnelling between a metal probe tip and a surface is presented. The inelastic tunnelling cross section resulting from vibrational or electronic excitation of an adsorbed molecule is estimated. The role thermal and, more important, non-thermal processes have on the measurement process is also discussed.
Making Space for Voice: Technologies to Support Children’s Fantasy and Storytelling

Fantasy play and storytelling serve an important role in young children’s development. While computers are increasingly present in the world of young children, there is a lack of computational tools to support children’s voices in everyday storytelling, particularly in the context of fantasy play. We believe that there is a need for computational systems that engage in story-listening rather than story-telling. This paper introduces StoryMat, a system that supports and listens to children’s voices in their own storytelling play. StoryMat offers a child-driven, story-listening space by recording and recalling children’s narrating voices, and the movements they make with their stuffed animals on a colourful story-evoking quilt. Empirical research with children shows that StoryMat fosters developmentally advanced forms of storytelling of the kind that has been shown to provide a bridge to written literacy, and provides a space where children engage in fantasy storytelling collaboratively with or without a playmate. The paper addresses the importance of supporting young children’s fantasy play and suggests a new way for technology to play an integral part in that activity.
A market-based martingale valuation approach to optimum inventory control in a doubly stochastic jump-diffusion economy

AbstractWe propose a novel market-based approach to optimum inventory control in a doubly stochastic jump-diffusion economy by modelling a commodity distributor’s inventory investment as a portfoli...
Saving the pneumococcal AMC and GAVI.

The GAVI Alliance, a key institution in saving poor children by increasing the use of vaccines, is mounting a campaign in early 2011 to raise $4.1 billion to close its funding crisis. Yet much of this shortfall stems from its own decisions, especially around the Advance Market Commitment (AMC), a costly kind of surplus contract GAVI is using to save poor children by selling new, global pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) at deep discount. This essay explains how the AMC became a surplus contract, why it and GAVI are in financial straits and how to save both. It concludes with thoughts about how generous and caring donors can maximize the number of children saved. Commentaries to this article: http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/15218/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/15217/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/15361/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/15360/http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/article/1...
Teaching symbolic-experiential family therapy: The personhood of the teacher

This article explores issues in teaching symbolic-experiential family therapy to psychiatric residents. Six controversial contextual issues that arise in teaching any school of family therapy in this setting are presented. Then, the author distinguishes between content and process dimensions in teaching symbolic-experiential family therapy. This distinction helps to clarify the muddle often attendant to attempts to teach this particular area. A major point, to paraphrase Whitaker's famous dictum, is that “Teaching symbolic experiential family therapy resides in the personhood of the teacher.”
Interfacial instabilities in an unbonded layered solid

Abstract A bifurcation problem relevant to the process of roll-bonding is studied. The simultaneous rolling of several unbonded layers is modeled as a plane strain compression of the unbonded layers. To gain insight into the phenomenon of tiger banding, the strains at which there can exist bifurcation modes which involve an undulating interface between the layers are computed. Particular attention is focused upon the effect of permitting slip between the layers, in contrast to the assumption of velocity continuity that underlies previous analyses of bifurcation in layered solids. Velocity discontinuity implies that the bifurcation condition depends on the hydrostatic pressure; the consequences of this dependence are highlighted.
TH-A-213AB-09: An Investigation of the Impact of Spot Spacing on Plan Quality Using IMPT Optimization Incorporating Deliverable Monitor Unit Constraints

Purpose: To investigate the impact of spot spacing on intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plan quality based on a new IMPT optimization method which incorporates deliverable monitor unit (MU) constraints and therefore eliminates the dose distortion effect of post processing while using small spot spacings in the current treatment planning system (TPS). Methods: We introduce a two‐stage linear programming (LP) based model to solve the deliverable spot intensity optimization (DSIO) problem by incorporating deliverable minimum MU constraints. The first‐stage LP solve selects a sub set of pre‐arranged spots without considering MU constraints, and the second‐stage LP solve optimizes intensities of selected spots with forced MU constraints. A quadratic programming (QP) based model to simulate the conventional spot intensity optimization (SCIO) without MU constraints is used for comparison. Four prostate cancer cases were studied in this work. Plans optimized by both the DSIO and CSIO were evaluated for different settings of spot spacing of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mm. Results: Patient studies demonstrated improved dose‐volume metrics of DSIO optimized IMPT plans, i.e., better rectum and bladder sparing, compared with CSIO optimized plans with the same spot spacing. With decreased spot spacings, improvements on dose‐volume metrics were relatively marginal. There was no pronounced improvement achieved when spot spacing reduced below 4 mm. In addition, the DSIO model can automatically create a non‐uniform spot arrangement using only a fraction of scanning spots required by plans optimized by CSIO in our study. Conclusions: The proposed DSIO method can firstly avoid the discrepancy between optimized and delivered plans in the current IMPT TPS, and secondly, allow the use of small spot spacings to improve target coverage and normal tissue sparing. Evaluations on four prostate cancer cases found that spot spacing less than 4 mm could not achieve pronounced dosimetric improvements.
Rapid Damage Assessment from High Resolution Imagery

Disaster impact modeling and analysis uses huge volumes of image data that are produced immediately following a natural or an anthropogenic disaster event. Rapid damage assessment is the key to time critical decision support in disaster management to better utilize available response resources and accelerate recovery and relief efforts. But exploiting huge volumes of high resolution image data for identifying damaged areas with robust consistency in near real time is a challenging task. In this paper, we present an automated image analysis technique to identify areas of structural damage from high resolution optical satellite data using features based on image content.
Effects of succinate on ground beef color and premature browning

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of succinate on raw and cooked ground beef color. Chubs (n = 10) were divided in half and assigned to either succinate (final w/w concentration of 2.5%) or distilled water. Patties (n = 14 per chub half) were assigned to initial day 0 color and each of 6 treatment combinations, created by crossing 3 packaging types (vacuum, high-oxygen/80% O 2 , and PVC) with 2 storage times (days 1 and 3). After storage, patties were cooked to either 66 °C or 71 °C. Succinate increased ( P P > 0.05) on raw a* and chroma values. Moreover, succinate decreased ( P
Structure-activity relationships of the eremophilanes produced by Drechslera gigantea

Abstract The structure-activity relationships of the eremophilanes produced by Drechslera gigantea were studied on leaf puncture wounds of several different plant species, on stimulation of rhizogenesis in mung bean hypocotyls and on larvae of brine shrimp. The activity appeared to be dependent on degree of oxidation of the eremophilane ring system. Molecules containing epoxide functionalities were as active as compounds without an epoxide group. However, molecules with increased hydroxyl groups on the ring system generally had lower activity in all three assays. This suggests that the oxidation state of the eremophilane molecules may play a role in their activity.
A DURATION ANALYSIS OF THE ADOPTION OF PRIVATIZATION POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

This paper provides an econometric analysis of the determinants of privatization of the telecommunications sector in the Asia-Pacific region. The following conclusions are drawn from the estimates of the Weibull models: 1) rather than the absolute level of network penetration, what really matters most in the privatization process is a country's telecom sector performance over a period of time; and 2) contrary to our presumption, a country's incentive for privatization does not hinge much on the overall budget deficit of the government. Policy implications of the main findings are discussed. [L96]
Effects of various glycerol or urea concentrations and incubation times on atrial contractions and ultrastructure.

Abstract Continuously stimulated rabbit atria show a decline in contractile tension during and after exposure to special hypertonic solutions. Muscles were equilibrated in Ringer-Locke solution, incubated in hypertonic glycerol or urea media, and returned to normal Ringer's solution. Certain parameters of the contractile response were measured and compared quantitatively during the incubation and removal periods. The change of the contractile force was noted following different incubation times and different incubation concentrations. Effects of different tonicities of glycerol and urea were compared. The influence of the incubation concentration and time governing the effects during incubation and removal could be shown. The differences in action between low glycerol and urea concentrations during incubation and removal probably reflect a result caused by the difference in penetration speed of the molecules. The contractile changes following the removal of glycerol are accompanied by ultrastructural changes. There is a progressive swelling and disruption of the sarcotubular system and mitochondria with increasing incubation times and concentrations.
Experimental study for dissociative electron attachment to water molecule in the 2B1 resonance

The dynamics of the dissociative electron attachment(DEA)to water via the first resonances, 2B1, is investigated by using a modified Coltrims spectrometer for imaging dissociation dynamics. The dissociation channel of H- ion is found to be H- + OH(2Π), and the negative ions are observed to be ejected out perpendicular to the incident electron direction, which agree with previously reported measurements. For the channel of O- ion, however, the ion yields are found to be an order of magnitude smaller than what have been reported in the literature.
Recursive partitioning techniques for modeling irrigation behavior

Accurate forecasts of short-term irrigation demands can provide information useful for canal operators to manage water diversions and deliveries more efficiently. This can be accomplished by analyzing the actions of the farmers who make water use decisions. Readily available data on biophysical conditions in farmers' fields and the irrigation delivery system during the growing season can be utilized to anticipate irrigation water orders in the absence of any predictive socio-economic information that could be used to provide clues into future irrigation decisions. Decision classification and the common factors, form a basis for division of farmers into groups, which can be then used to make predictions of future decisions to irrigate. In this paper, we have implemented three tree algorithms, viz. classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), and conditional inference trees (Ctree), to analyze farmers' irrigation decisions. These tools were then used to forecast future decisions. During the training process, the models inferred connections between input variables and the decision output. These variables were a time series of the biophysical conditions during the days prior to irrigation. Data from the Canal B region of the Lower Sevier River Basin, near the town of Delta, Utah were used. The main crops in the region are alfalfa, barley and corn. While irrigation practices for alfalfa are dependent on the timing of cuts, for barley and corn the critical crop growth stages are often used as indicators of farmer decisions to irrigate. Though all the models performed well in forecasting farmer decisions to irrigate, the best prediction accuracies by crop type were: 99.3% for alfalfa using all the three models; 98.7% for barley, using the CART model; and 97.6% for corn, with Ctree approximately. Crop water use, which is the amount of water lost through evapotranspiration, was the prime factor across all the crops to prompt irrigation, which complies with the irrigation principles. The analyses showed that the tree algorithms used here are able to handle large as well as small data sets, they can achieve high classification accuracy, and they offer potential tools to forecast future farmer actions. This can be subsequently useful in making short-term demand forecasts. Canal operators need information to forecast short-term irrigation demands.We model farmer's irrigation decisions and use them to forecast future actions.The biophysical conditions on the day of irrigation and before that can be used to forecast irrigation decisions.Crop water use is the prime reason for irrigation at the site selected.Decision trees can be used as a potential tool to forecast irrigation decisions.
Increasing positive social interactions by handicapped individuals during a recreational activity using a multicomponent treatment package

A multicomponent treatment package increased the rate of positive statements among handicapped youth during a social/leisure activity at a work training setting. The package of role playing, graphic feedback, contingent reinforcement, and self-monitoring was directly replicated across three experiments in producing normative rates of positive verbal statements. There was no evidence of generalization to other stimulus activities. There was limited response generalization to a class of negative verbal statements. The study further examined the critical components of the maintenance package through a withdrawal design. It was found that contingent reinforcement and self-monitoring could maintain substantial rates of positive behaviors. In the third experiment it was further demonstrated that self-monitoring alone could maintain positive statements in three of the four students in the group.
Comparison of two rodent models of maternal separation on juvenile social behavior.

Early childhood deprivation is associated with an increased risk of attachment disorders and psychopathology. The neural consequences of exposure to stress early in life have used two major rodent models to provide important tools for translational research. Although both models have been termed maternal separation (MS), the paradigms differ in ways that clearly shift the focus of stress between maternal and offspring units. The first model, here called early deprivation (ED), isolates pups individually while the dam is left not alone, but with a subset of littermates in the home nest (“stay-at-homes”). The other model, here called MS, isolates the dam in a novel cage while the pups are separated together. In this study, these two early stress models were directly compared for their effects on social behaviors in male and female juvenile offspring. Although both models altered play behavior compared to controls, patterns of prosocial behaviors versus submissive behaviors differed by model and sex. Additionally, there were main effects of sex, with female ED subjects exhibited masculinizing effects of early stress during play sessions. Maternal behavior upon reunion with the isolated subjects was significantly increased in the MS condition compared to both ED and control conditions, which also differed but by a lesser magnitude. “stay-at-homes” were tested since some laboratories use them for controls rather than undisturbed litters; they displayed significantly different sex-dependent play compared to undisturbed subjects. These results indicate that early stress effects vary by paradigm of separation. We suggest that MS produces greater stress on the dam and thus greater maternal mediation, while ED causes greater stress on the neonates, resulting in different behavioral sequela that warrant attention when using these models for translational research.
Imaging Gold Nanorod Diffusion in Mucus Using Polarization Sensitive OCT

We demonstrate using PS-OCT to sense changes in the diffusion rate of gold nanorods (GNRs) in actively transporting pulmonary mucus in normal and disease-like states. This novel approach may lead to advances in monitoring pathogenesis and treatment dosimetry in real-time.
Induction of porphyria in the rat by chronic versus acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Abstract Chronic oral administration of 1 μg. kg −1 . week − of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) to female rats for 16 weeks resulted in hepatic porphyria. In contrast, administration of single oral doses as high as 30 μg/kg did not produce porphyria, either acutely or 16 weeks later. Activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes [aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and glucuronyl transferase] were increased by chronic oral doses of TCDD as low as 0.01 μg. kg −1 . week − . When animals were dosed with TCDD chronically and then allowed to recover for 6 months, AHH and glucuronyl transferase activities returned toward normal (98 and 86% recovery). However, animals showed only partial recovery from TCDD-induced porphyria. Hepatic porphyrin levels did decrease during this period, but urinary porphyrins and the rate-limiting enzyme in porphyrin synthesis, δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, remained maximally elevated during the 6-month recovery period. It is concluded that single doses of TCDD do not produce porphyria in the rat, but that TCDD is porphyrogenic when given chronically. Moreover, when TCDD administration is stopped, recovery from the porphyrogenic effects of TCDD is very slow and does not correlate with the biological half-life of TCDD in the rat.
An Overview of Pollination in Rangelands: Who, Why, and How

An Overview of Pollination in Rangelands: Who, Why, and How DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v33i3_harmon
Development and validation of a rapid and sensitive assay for simultaneous quantification of midazolam, 1'-hydroxymidazolam, and 4-hydroxymidazolam by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry.

Abstract Midazolam is an ultra short acting benzodiazepine derivative and a specific probe for phenotyping cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4/5 activity. A rapid, sensitive, and selective LC–MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of midazolam and its metabolites (1′-hydroxymidazolam and 4-hydroxymidazolam). Deuterated (D5) analog of midazolam was utilized as an internal standard. Sample preparation either from human plasma (100 μL) or liver microsomal incubations involved a simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile (900 μL) with an average recovery of >90% for all compounds. The chromatographic separation was achieved using Zorbax-SB Phenyl, Rapid Resolution HT (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) and a gradient elution with 10 mM ammonium acetate in 10% methanol (A) and acetonitrile (B). The flow rate was 0.25 mL/min and total run time was 5.5 min. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.100–250 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.1 ng/mL for all three analytes. The accuracy and precision, estimated at LLOQ and three concentration levels of quality control samples in six replicates, were within 85–115%. In conclusion, a robust, simple and highly sensitive analytical method was developed and validated for the analysis of midazolam and its metabolites. This method is suitable for characterizing the P450 3A4/5 activity in vitro or in human pharmacokinetic studies allowing administration of smaller doses of midazolam.
Designing flexible, “chemist-friendly” software to control a radiochemistry autosynthesizer

Abstract To enhance the utility of process control software to control radiochemistry autosynthesizers used with short-lived positron-emitting isotopes, a scheme is proposed by which routine executive-level tasks, hardware control operations, and chemical procedures have been segregated. This strategy can lead to chemist-friendly control programs for any desired hardware configuration, as illustrated in new software designed to exploit the features and flexibility of the CTI/Siemens Chemical Process Control Unit.