cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Re/Un/Discover: An Embodied Heuristic for Uncertainties in Social Work Practice

Social workers have always worked with and within uncertainties in practice, but the COVID-19 pandemic is amplifying the frequency and degree of uncertainty across ecological levels Social workers need enhanced capacity to work with these uncertainties and the impact on individual and collective wellbeing The RE/UN/DIScover heuristic guides social workers' responses to the wide range of practice uncertainties experienced in the moment and over time Drawing on understandings of embodied wellbeing from interpersonal neurobiology and the power relations manifest in intersectional positionality, RE/UN/DIScover offers embodied, iterative practices to access the wealth of capabilities within self and others Disruptions and uncertainties connected with pandemics, economic recessions, continued systemic injustices and other human-made problems can challenge social workers and impact the wellbeing of individuals and communities Heuristics are guides that sort, order, and inform decisions and actions The RE/UN/DIScover heuristic uses knowledge about embodied wellbeing and various forms of power to guide social workers RE/UN/DIScover offers social workers practices to use with uncertainties both in the moment and over time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Australian Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Recurrent pericarditis: an update on diagnosis and management.

Acute pericarditis is a disease of the pericardium characterized by inflammation. Around 16-38% of patients develop recurrent events after the first episode. Recurrent pericarditis (RP) seems to be caused by a pathologic immune response. An inadequate treatment in terms of drug choice, dose, duration of therapy or tapering, has been shown to increase the risk of recurrences. Symptoms, physical signs and electrocardiographic signs are usually less severe during a recurrent event as compared to the first episode, thus favoring imaging as a tool to confirm the diagnosis of RP. Cardiac magnetic resonance is becoming the technique of choice because of its ability to detect active pericardial inflammation. Inflammatory biomarkers can be used to assess the risk of recurrences and to guide the tapering of treatments. First-line treatment is based on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine. NSAIDs are useful for pain control, and colchicine has shown to reduce the risk of further recurrences. Glucocorticoids are often used as second-line drugs, but they are associated with a high rate of recurrent events. Interleukin-1 inhibitors, such as anakinra and rilonacept, significantly reduce the risk of recurrences in patients with RP while on treatment.
Patient assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms using the international prostate symptom score following low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy.

ABSTRACT Purpose To correlate changes in urinary patient-reported outcomes including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), acute urinary retention and urethral stricture with urethral dose in those treated with low dose rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy. Materials and Methods Patients treated with prostate LDR between 2012 and 2019 (n=117) completed IPSS urinary symptom assessments prior to treatment and at each follow-up. CT simulation was obtained with urinary catheter 1-month post-implant for dosimetric analysis. 113 patients with pre- and ≥1 post-LDR IPSS score available were analyzed. Urethral dosimetric parameters including U75, U100, U125, U150 and U200 were abstracted from post-implant dosimetry and assessed for association with urinary toxicity using bivariate logistic regression and Spearman correlation. Outcomes included clinically significant change (CSC, defined as 4 or more points or 25% rise above baseline) in IPSS score at 6 and 12 months, acute urinary retention (AUR), and urethral stricture (US). Results 89 (79%) patients were treated with LDR monotherapy (145 Gy) and 24 (21%) with LDR boost (110 Gy) with external beam radiation therapy. Twenty (18%) had baseline IPSS ≥15. Median IPSS scores were: baseline 6 (3−12; n=113), 1-month 17 (10−25; n=110), 6 months 12 (7−18; n=77), 1 year 8 (5−14; n=52). CSC-6 was observed in 59 (77%), CSC-12 in 26 (50%), AUR in 12 (11%), and US in 4 (4%). No association was identified between urethral dose parameters and CSC-6, CSC-12, AUR, or US. No correlation between urethral dose and IPSS at 6- and 12-months was identified. The IPSS ≥15 group exhibited lower rates of CSC-12 (13% v. 57%, p=0.05) but not CSC-6 (55% v. 80%, p=0.12). Conclusions We did not find a relationship between urethral dose and IPSS elevation, AUR or US. We did identify a significantly lower change in IPSS at 12 months for those with baseline IPSS ≥15 compared to those with low baseline scores.
The Subject of Objectivity, Subjectively Considered.

> “Listen to your patient; he is telling you the diagnosis.” > > –Sir William Osler > “You can see a lot just by observing.” > > –Yogi Berra > “Are you saying, doctor, that your diagnosis is based on what the individual told you?” > > –Typical question for the expert Lawyers
Sarcopenia in high acuity liver transplantation: Does it predict outcomes?

BACKGROUND Sarcopenia has gained momentum as a potential risk-stratification tool in liver transplantation (LT). While LT recipients recently have more advanced end-stage liver disease, the impact of sarcopenia in high acuity recipients with a high model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score remains unclear. METHODS We retrospectively assessed sarcopenia by calculating skeletal muscle index (SMI) from cross-sectional area at third lumbar vertebra (cm2 ) and height (m2 ) in 296 patients with a CT ≤ 30 days prior to LT. Sex-specific SMI cut-offs were developed, and its impact was assessed in patients with MELD ≥ 35. RESULTS In patients with MELD ≥ 35 (n = 217), men with a SMI < 30 cm2 /m2 had significantly higher rates of bacteremia (P = .021) and a longer hospital stay (P < .001). Women with a SMI < 34 cm2 /m2 had a longer hospital stay (P = .032). There were no relationships between SMI and survival in men and women with MELD ≥ 35. CONCLUSIONS This series examined sarcopenia with a focus on high MELD patients. Although decreased SMI contributed to higher post-LT hospital stay, it did not impact patient survival, suggesting that while SMI alone may not aid in patient selection for LT, it certainly may guide perioperative care-planning in this challenging patient population.
Gastrointestinal Imaging: A Teaching File

A brand new resource in The Teaching Files series, Gastrointestinal Imaging: A Teaching File is an exceptional resource for radiology trainees and practicing radiologists who are interested in reviewing the basics of gastrointestinal imaging, including fluoroscopy, CT, and MR. Those studying for board and certifying examinations will also find this volume to be an excellent reference in helping them to review and prepare for these tests. More than 300 cases, 100 in print and all 300 in an interactive ebook that is included with the print purchase, are portrayed through CT, MR, fluoroscopic, and ultrasound images. This text also covers a wide variety of GI system disorders, including those that affect the solid abdominal organs, intestines, and peritoneal cavity. Each case includes images, along with descriptions of clinical history, findings, differential diagnosis and diagnosis, discussion, relevant questions with appropriate answers, key issues for the report, and important information for the clinician.Features: More than 300 gastrointestinal, including 100 in print and all 300 in the interactive ebook help you make accurate and informed diagnoses. Fluoroscopy, CT, and MR images are featured. Case information includes images along with management discussion Cases are grouped into chapters based on modality to help trainees during modality-based rotations. Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, offering tablet, smartphone, or online access to: Complete content with enhanced navigation A powerful search that pulls results from content in the book, your notes, and even the web Cross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigation Highlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the text Ability to take and share notes with friends and colleagues Quick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use More than 400 Q&A
Creep Deflection of Viscoelastic Plate Under Uniform Edge Compression

The stress-strain-time relationship of a viscoelastic body under plane stress system is given. This relationship is expressed in its Laplace transform form. Equilibrium condition for the viscoelastic plate with simply supported edges under edge thrust in terms of lateral deflections is shown. The initial deflection of the plate is expressed in double sine series. The method of calculating the magnification of each term of the series at different instants is derived. The sum of these terms gives the deflectiontime curve of a viscoelastic plate under edge thrust. The shape of the deformed surface generally changes with time. An illustrative example is shown in the Appendix.
Disability in Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic, musculoskeletal pain disorder, characterized by diffuse pain and a lowered pain threshold at certain anatomical points (“tender points”). FMS may be accompanied by other pain, and functional comobidity factors, and mood disturbance. Most commonly, patients complain of chronic fatigue, diffuse tenderness and aches, and sleep disturbance. Anxiety and depression are also common mood problems. The list of the prevalent symptoms, based upon 434 treatment seeking patients is listed in Table 1.
Mouse Models to Study the Effect of Natural Products on Obesity-Associated NAFLD/NASH

Obesity and metabolic syndrome have escalated to the level of an epidemic in the last three decades. Concomitant with obesity and metabolic syndrome epidemic, there is a rapid increase in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, in the world especially in developed and developing countries. NAFLD is a benign condition characterized by excessive fat deposition (steatosis) in the form of triglycerides (TG) (histologically > 5 % of hepatocytes with fat). NAFLD can stay overlooked for a long duration (multiple years), but a subset may progress to variable degree of hepatic necro-inflammation (lobular inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and ballooning), a condition defined as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which may further develop into fibrosis, nonreversible cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to end-stage liver failure. Modern lifestyle and high-fat diet (HFD) are considered to be the major factors for the development of NAFLD. Availability of suitable in vivo mouse models to study diet-obesity-induced NAFLD and NASH are limited. A number of mouse models have been used to get important insights into the pathology of NAFLD/NASH. These mouse models mimic and reflect hepatic-histopathology and pathophysiology of NAFLD/NASH, but no single model represent the full range of human disease. Mouse models of NAFLD/NASH can be grouped into two categories, genetic and dietary. The purpose of this review is to elucidate various mouse models of NAFLD/NASH with potential therapeutic interventions using natural products.
The subunit location of magnesium in cytochrome c oxidase

The magnesium ion in bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase can be depleted up to 75% by heat treatment of the enzyme at 43 degrees C followed by dialysis against EDTA buffer solution. The magnesium-depleted enzyme so obtained retains 40% of the activity of the native enzyme. This is the first attempt to deplete magnesium ion from bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase without denaturation of the protein. Magnesium depletion exposes at least one carboxyl group on subunit IV for labeling by N-cyclohexyl-N'-(4-dimethylaminonaphthyl)carbodiimide (NCD-4). The NCD-4 labeling of subunit IV of the magnesium-depleted enzyme is significantly enhanced relative to what is observed for the native and heat-treated oxidase, suggesting that the magnesium ion is located in subunit IV with at least one carboxyl ligand. By comparing the activity of the magnesium-depleted enzyme with that of a control sample of heat-treated oxidase, the influence of divalent magnesium on the activity of the enzyme is assessed.
Gas exchange under altered gravitational stress.

Efficient gas exchange in the lung depends on the matching of ventilation and perfusion. However, the human lung is a readily deformable structure and as a result gravitational stresses generate gradients in both ventilation and perfusion. Nevertheless, the lung is capable of withstanding considerable change in the applied gravitational load before pulmonary gas exchange becomes impaired. The postural changes that are part of the everyday existence for most bipedal species are well tolerated, as is the removal of gravity (weightlessness). Increases in the applied gravitational load result only in a large impairment in pulmonary gas exchange above approximately three times that on the ground, at which point the matching of ventilation to perfusion is so impaired that efficient gas exchange is no longer possible. Much of the tolerance of the lung to alterations in gravitation stress comes from the fact that ventilation and perfusion are inextricably coupled. Deformations in the lung that alter ventilation necessarily alter perfusion, thus maintaining a degree of matching and minimizing the disruption in ventilation to perfusion ratio and thus gas exchange. © 2011 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 1:339-355, 2011.
Preparation of Foreign Language Teachers: Fact vs. Fiction: A Reply to “Concentration vs. Dispersion”

Author's summary.— A correction of statements and points of view attributed to the writer and an appraisal of recommendations for the preparation of foreign language teachers which were presented earlier in the Journal by Professor M. S. Pargment.
MR Imaging of the Midfoot and Forefoot

MR imaging is the diagnostic modality of choice for the evaluation of traumatic, inflammatory and neoplastic processes affecting the midfoot and forefoot soft tissue structures including muscles, ligaments, and tendons. MR imaging is also valuable in the diagnosis of occult bony trauma, stress reaction or fractures, and osteomyelitis. Exquisite contrast resolution, noninvasiveness, and multiplanar capabilities are unique features that make MR imaging a powerful diagnostic technique. The authors employ a basic protocol using T1-weighted, fast spin echo proton density with and without frequency-selective fat saturation, and fast spin echo T2-weighted sequences as well as short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) imaging. Additional imaging following intravenous gadolinium administration is indicated when osteomyelitis and neoplastic processes are suspected. Post-contrast fat-suppressed T1-weighted sequences are necessary if intravenous or intra-articular gadolinium is utilized. Keywords: MRI; midfoot; forefoot
Academic Affiliations of Social Work Authors: A Citation Analysis of Six Major Journals

Abstract This article reviews citation analysis as an indicator of scholarly activity and discusses a discrepancy between two previously published studies on the academic affiliations of social work authors, in light of the authors' present citation analysis of six major social work journals. The present study largely replicates the findings of one previous report, suggesting that there are several universities whose faculty have, for many years, consistently made substantial contributions to the professional literature.
GLUCOCORTICOID TOXICITY: SINGLE CONTRASTED WITH DIVIDED DAILY DOSES OF PREDNISOLONE.

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate whether single daily doses of prednisolone cause less glucocorticoid toxicity than divided daily doses while providing equal relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. By the use of placebo tablets, the nature of the dosage regimens was concealed from patients and physicians. The number of tablets taken was estimated by supplying a known number in excess of the amount prescribed and counting the tablets returned at each monthly visit. Large discrepancies were found between the dose of prednisolone advised and that taken by many of the patients. An equivalent degree of relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis was attained on both dosage regimens. Although the amount of prednisolone taken was 20 per cent larger on the single- than on the divided-dosage regimen, the difference was not statistically significant. No significant difference in glucocorticoid toxicity was found between patients on the single- and on the divided-dose regimens.
Controversy in the Classroom: The Democratic Power of Discussion

In a conservative educational climate that is dominated by policies like No Child Left Behind, one of the most serious effects has been for educators to worry about the politics of what they are teaching and how they are teaching it. As a result, many dedicated teachers choose to avoid controversial issues altogether in preference for "safe" knowledge and "safe" teaching practices. Diana Hess interrupts this dangerous trend by providing readers a spirited and detailed argument for why curricula and teaching based on controversial issues are truly crucial at this time. Through rich empirical research from real classrooms throughout the nation, she demonstrates why schools have the potential to be particularly powerful sites for democratic education and why this form of education must include sustained attention to authentic and controversial political issues that animate political communities. The purposeful inclusion of controversial issues in the school curriculum, when done wisely and well, can communicate by example the essence of what makes communities democratic while simultaneously building the skills and dispositions that young people will need to live in and improve such communities.
The contribution of the environment (especially diet) to breast cancer risk

Environmental factors play an important role in breast carcinogenesis. Opportunities for prevention are limited, however, because most of the known or suspected risk factors are not targets for modification. Dietary factors have generally not emerged as crucial contributors to mammary tumor causation. We still appear to be missing a critical piece of the breast cancer puzzle because we can only explain a moderate proportion of international and national variation in breast cancer rates. Research needs to pursue new avenues, focusing on exposure windows that have not yet been sufficiently explored, such as events between conception and adolescence, and on modifiable risk factors that show large variation within or between populations.
Using the matrix refinement equation for the construction of wavelets II: smooth wavelets on [0,1]

This paper continues the work in [4] on constructing orthogonal bases on the interval [0,1] by using the matrix refinement equation and the two basic operations of translation and scale. We call the elements of these bases wavelets. Here we amplify on the applicability of our method and construct smooth wavelets with and without boundary conditions. That is, we describe a procedure to recursively generate orthonormal bases with any prescribed number of continuous derivatives. As a caveat to the reader we reiterate our remark above that this paper is a continuation of our work in [4] and therefore some familiarity with [4] is assumed.
Ocean observatories initiative moves forward

An academic partnership led by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has been awarded a $97.7 million contract by the Joint Oceanographic Institutions to support the development, installation, and initial operation of the coastal and global components of the U.S. National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). The three academic partners—WHOI, Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, and Oregon State University's College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences—will help with the development of moored buoys, cabled nodes, and autonomous vehicles; this, in turn, will provide researchers with data and allow for the remote control of instruments and the construction of virtual observatories to meet scientific needs.
Mental action and event structure in the semantics of 'try'

Sharvit (2003) proposes a semantics for 'try' inspired by Landman's (1992) account of progressive aspect. This paper discusses two empirical shortcomings of Sharvit's analysis and proposes a new solution that retains Sharvit's insight that 'try' has an aspectual meaning but argues that (a) as suggested by much work in action theory, volitional events include an initial stage corresponding to a `mental action' and (b) 'try' picks out the 'mental action' stage of an event. The proposal is formalized by adapting Condoravdi's (2009) theory of progressive meaning.
Cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Saksenaea vasiformis in a diabetic patient.

Abstract A 49-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus rapidly developed necrotizing cellulitis with fat necrosis and vasculitis after minor trauma to the right arm. Zygomycosis was diagnosed histologically. The lesion responded to aggressive debridement, amphotericin B, and normalization of blood glucose. Cultures yielded structures characteristic of Saksenaea vasiformis only after transfer to saline agar.
Paper Electrophoresis of Native Gastric Juice after Concentration by Dialysis against Carbowax 6000

A method is presented for the concentration of native gastric juice by dialysis against a 30% solution of Carbowax 6000 in distilled water, prior to paper electrophoresis. Detailed descriptions of the dialysis procedure and subsequent vertical paper electrophoresis are given. The data show that the dialysis procedure is comparable to the lyophilization technic and has the advantage of faster processing, which makes the method applicable to routine clinical use in many diagnostic applications.
Nhp6, an HMG1 protein, functions in SNR6 transcription by RNA polymerase III in S. cerevisiae.

Abstract Nhp6A and Nhp6B are HMG1-like proteins required for the growth of S. cerevisiae at elevated temperatures. We show that the conditional lethality of an nhp6 strain results from defective transcription of SNR6 (U6 snRNA) by RNA polymerase III. Overexpression of U6 snRNA or Brf1, a limiting component of TFIIIB, and an activating mutation ( PCF1–1 ) in TFIIIC were each found to suppress the nhp6 growth defect. Additionally, U6 snRNA levels, which are reduced over 10-fold in nhp6 cells at 37°C, were restored by Brf1 overexpression and by PCF1–1 . Nhp6A protein specifically enhanced TFIIIC-dependent, but not TATA box–dependent, SNR6 transcription in vitro by facilitating TFIIIC binding to the SNR6 promoter. Thus, Nhp6 has a direct role in transcription complex assembly at SNR6 .
Dynamic and static measures of growth among pre‐ and postmenarcheal females in rural Bangladesh

Height and weight for age and height and weight velocity are examined in a sample of Bangladeshi adolescents aged 10-20 years with an average age at menarche of 15.8 years. Interpopulation differences between pre- and postmenarcheal girls are assessed and age patterns are compared to standards of U.S. and British adolescents. Bangladeshi adolescents are shorter and lighter for their age and lighter for their height than are U.S. adolescents. The growth spurt in height and weight is delayed and spread out over time, and growth rates are lower throughout the spurt when compared to British and U.S. girls. As in developed countries, most girls attain menarche after peak height velocity, while weight gain per year is highest around the time of menarche. There is no significant relationship between age at menarche and height or weight at menarche.
Propagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria

Mitochondria are the main source of ultra-weak chemiluminescence generated by reactive oxygen species, which are continuously formed during the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Vertebrate cells show typically filamentous mitochondria associated with the microtubules of the cytoskeleton, forming together a continuous network (mitochondrial reticulum). The refractive index of both mitochondria and microtubules is higher than the surrounding cytoplasm, which results that the mitochondrial reticulum can act as an optical waveguide, i.e. electromagnetic radiation can propagate within the network. A detailed analysis of the inner structure of mitochondria shows, that they can be optically modelled as a multi-layer system with alternating indices of refraction. The parameters of this multi-layer system are dependent on the physiologic state of the mitochondria. The effect of the multi-layer system on electromagnetic radiation propagating along the mitochondrial reticulum is analysed by the transfer-matrix method. If induced light emission could take place in mitochondria, the multi-layer system could lead to lasing action like it has been realized in technical distributed feedback laser. Based on former reports about the influence of external illumination on the physiology of mitochondria it is speculated whether there exists some kind of long-range interaction between individual mitochondria mediated by electromagnetic radiation.
Computational Study of Savonius Wind Turbines

This work presents a computational study of a two-blade and a three-blade Savonius vertical axis wind turbines. The two-blade turbine was considered to be oriented at 0, 45, 90, and 135 degrees in reference to the direction of the prevailing wind. For the three-blade turbine, the orientations taken into account were 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees in reference to the direction of the prevailing wind. The basic aim of this work was to study how the two designs are different from each other in terms of the forces acting on their blades. The computational simulations considered the turbines to be subjected to constant wind velocities of 5, 10, 20, and 30 m/s. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses were conducted for every case to find out the forces acting on the turbine blades for each orientation. All cases were run using “transition-SST” flow model and the turbine blades were meshed using ‘Quadrilateral Pave’ meshing scheme. Maximum change in pressure on the turbine blade occurs when the two-blade turbine is perpendicular to direction of the prevailing wind, i.e. at 90 degree. On the other hand, when three-blade turbine is at 60 degree orientation, maximum change is pressure occurs on the turbine blade. For the dimensions selected in this study (each blade having a radius of 0.3 m and height of 0.6 m) the maximum net forces on the two-blade turbine was calculated to be 298 N, while this value was 210 N on the three-blade turbine.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Mechanics of Neutrophil Migration in Three-Dimensional Matrices

While much research has been dedicated to the identification of the cascade of specific biochemical processes involved in the recruitment of neutrophils, much less is known about the mechanical events driving their migration; in particular, how they generate the necessary traction forces to migrate across three-dimensional (3-D) extravascular spaces is unclear. In this study, we investigate the mechanics of 3-D neutrophil motility in collagen gels using a novel Elastographic 3D Force Microscopy (E3DFM) technique, which simultaneously determines the 3-D cellular forces and non-linear material properties of the extracellular environment. We used neutrophil-like differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia cells (dHL-60) as a model system. dHL-60 cells were embedded in collagen matrices of different porosities containing fluorescent micro-beads. The concentration of collagen was varied in order to fabricate collagen gels with different matrix porosities. Neutrophil motility was induced via the introduction of the neutrophil chemokine formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (fMLP) in a custom build device. Both Confocal and Fluorescent microscopy techniques were used to image the movement of the embedded micro-beads as well as fluorescently labeled dHL-60 cells. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Finite Deformation Theory were used to compute displacement fields in the collagen matrices. Stress fields in the matrices were computed using a constitutive relationship with several material parameters. The over determined nature of the problem was used to estimate the aforementioned material parameters. We will present data showing that cell speed, morphological changes, and migratory patterns varied with differing matrix porosities. We will also provide data showing a clear relationship between the aforementioned migratory characteristics and computed displacement and stress fields around migrating neutrophils in these different collagen matrices. The results from our study show that neutrophils migrating in 3-D environments employ distinct mechanical mechanisms that depend on their environment's mechanical structure.
Defective development of male and female gametophytes in Arundo donax L. (POACEAE)

Abstract Arundo donax L. displays unique physiological features whereby it readily absorbs and concentrates toxic chemicals from contaminated soil with no appreciable harm to its own growth and development. However, the potentially invasive reputation of the plant led to its rejection for phytoremediation or plantation largely out of fear of its spread. It is a clonal species believed to spread predominantly asexually by dispersal of fragments as viable seeds or seedlings have never been found and genetic fingerprinting indicated a single genetic clone in the U.S.. The investigation reported here clearly shows that A. donax does not produce pollen or viable seeds. Microspores could be seen with very low frequency, but microgametogenesis to produce the tube and generative nucleus was not observed. Approximately 10% of the ovaries enlarge and take on the character of mature caryopses. All structural features of ovaries and anthers were examined in clearing fluid by median optical sagittal sectioning utilizing a Raj slide modified for this purpose. The single anatropous bitegmic ovule within the enlarged caryopsis contains a massive crassinucellate nucellus with cells of uniform size. The occasional archesporial cell fails to produce a megasporocyte. Enlarged caryopses placed in several standard germination environments failed to produce new plants thus to assure that enlarged ovules do not function as vegetative propagules and the structure is in fact a pseudocaryopsis. The spread of A. donax beyond the margins of the plots could occur only by rhizomatous growth and fragments, which by the application of simple precautions could be impeded.
Carboxylation of pyruvate by human adipose tissue mitochondria

Abstract The carboxylation of pyruvate by human adipose tissue mitochondria was found to be very low as compared to that by rat adipose tissue mitochondria. This finding supports the previous reports of neglegible fatty acid synthesis from glucose by human adipose tissue and underlines an important role of this process in lipogenesis. It is suggested that the availability of intramitochondrial oxaloacetate limits a translocation of acetyl CoA as citrate from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In contrast to an age-dependency of mitochondrial metabolism in rat adipose tissue, pyruvate carboxylation by human adipose tissue mitochondria does not respond to aging.
Cholesteryl ester enrichment of plasma low-density lipoproteins in hamsters fed cereal-based diets containing cholesterol.

Male Syrian hamsters were fed 0.02, 0.03, or 0.05% cholesterol to test the hypothesis that moderate cholesterol intake increases the cholesteryl ester content of the plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Dietary cholesterol levels of 0.02%-0.05% were chosen to reflect typical human intakes of cholesterol. Hamsters were fed ad libitum a cereal-based diet (modified NIH-07 open formula) for 15 weeks. Increasing dietary cholesterol from 0.02% to 0.05% resulted in significantly increased plasma LDL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, increased liver choles- terol concentration, and increased total aorta cholesterol content. The cholesteryl ester content of plasma LDL was determined as the molar ratio of cholesteryl ester to apolipoprotein B and to surface lipid (i.e., phospholipid + free cholesterol). Increasing dietary cholesterol from 0.02% to 0.05% resulted in significantly increased cholesteryl ester content of LDL particles. Furthermore, cholesteryl ester content of LDL was directly associated with increased total aorta cholesterol, whereas a linear relation- ship between plasma LDL cholesterol concentration and aorta cholesterol was not observed. Thus, the data suggest that LDL cholesteryl ester content may be an im- portant atherogenic feature of plasma LDL. (P.S.E.B.M. 2000, Vol 223)
Seed dispersal of the endangered virginia round-leaf birch (Betula uber)

Abstract Dispersal of samaras about a single individual of Betula uber was investigated following maturation of the fruits in the late summer of 1979. Seed traps were placed along eight 100 m long radii representing the principal compass directions. Collections made at approximately weekly intervals indicated that samaras were dispersed over a 6 month period from November to April. Approximately four-fifths of the samaras were dispersed in January and February, with two large peaks at the 20–25 January and 20–29 February collection periods. Nearly three-fourths of the samaras were dispersed E and SE of the source tree. The overall profile of dispersal away from the source was exponential, with about 60% of the samaras falling within a distance of two tree heights (28 m). However, there were substantial differences among individual directional profiles, representing significant departures from the exponential pattern. Differences in wind speed and direction accounted for a substantial amount of the variation in the temporal, directional, and distance components of samara dispersal observed. The observation that 5% of the samaras were recovered nearly 100 m from the source suggests that B. uber is capable of invading new sites at considerable distances from the seed source. Information gained from the present study will be used to select sites for establishment of new individuals adjacent to mature trees and thus aid in the maintenance of B. uber as a viable natural population.
Disposable Carbon Nanotube Modified Screen‐Printed Biosensor for Amperometric Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Nerve Agents

A disposable carbon nanotube-based biosensor was successfully developed and applied to the detection of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and nerve agents. The biosensors using acetycholinesterase (AChE)/choline oxidase (CHO) enzymes provided a high sensitivity, large linear range, and low detection limits for the analysis of OP compounds. Such characteristics may be attributed to the catalytic activity of carbon nanotube to promote the redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide produced during AChE/CHO enzymatic reactions with their substrate, as well as the large surface area of carbon nanotube materials.
Electron microscopic observations of L-lactate dehydrogenase crystals.

Thin sections and shadowed replicas of dogfish muscle lactate dehydrogenase crystals were examined in the electron microscope. The observed periodicities are in good agreement with the X-ray data. The density variations in the stained thin sections can be explained using the X-ray determined molecular structure.
Adrenal insufficiency in the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

Abstract Objective: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a rare complication of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). The objective of this report is to describe a case and review the published literature to enhance recognition of this potentially fatal disorder by emphasizing its course, diagnosis, and cause. Data Sources: A bibliographic database with the indexing terms adrenal insufficiency, adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal thrombosis, APS, systemic lupus erythematosus, with the constraints of human subjects only, was used. Study Selection: All 27 reports meeting the indexing terms were selected for review. Data Extraction: The specific criteria used for data extraction articles includedcourse of the disease, causation, clinical and laboratory diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic intervention. Data Synthesis: Our patient is a previously health woman who developed a respiratory tract infection, followed by a prolonged illness with fever, hypotension, nausea, depression, and venous thromboses. She was found to have AI and APS that was alleviated with hydrocortisone and anticoagulation. Initially, her adrenal glands were normal on CT scan but subsequently became enlarged and later atrophic. Of the 27 previous case reports, a majority had thromboses and typical clinical and laboratory manifestations of Al. Hemorrhagic infarction of the adrenal gland appears to be the mechanism for AI in the APS. IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies are most commonly reported in association with Al in APS. Conclusions: The hypercoagulable state in the APS may lead to adrenal vein thrombosis and subsequently to hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal gland. This complication of APS is important to recognize because it may be fatal if untreated.
Multi-Factor Approach to Improving Recognition Performance in Surveillance-Quality Video

Face recognition from video typically involves two steps: face detection and face recognition. One of the problems associated with poor face recognition results is poor face detection. In this work, we devise a three-step strategy to prune a set of frames in a probe video to that subset in which the face is actually found and in which the matching scores are more reliable. We also exploit temporal continuity of video frames to improve recognition by weighting the match scores based on the results in previously seen frames. We show that though this is a very challenging real-world dataset, by combining these different approaches we can improve recognition over the baseline case.
Algorithm 27: assignment

The assignment problem is formulated and briefly discussed. An efficient algorithm for its solution is presented in ALGOL code. An empirical relation between solution time and the size of the problem is given, based on extensive experiments carried out on a digit computer.
Perspectives and prospects.

The study of the nonhuman primates offers great opportunities for the development of an experimental anthropology. Whether one is concerned with variations in sutures, in locomotor patterns or the distribution of genetic polymorphisms, study of the nonhuman primates may offer clues. Whether one is interested in adaptation to desert, to tropic heat, or to cold, the nonhuman primate offers a far greater range of variations than man. For many problems they are the laboratory animals of choice, and their exploitation is necessary if we are ever to have an experimental physical anthropology. Interest in the nonhuman primates brings us into touch with many other sciences, as has been shown at this symposium. But I would particularly stress how it strengthens the relations of the parts of anthropology. The social system, communication, learning, these problems are important to all of anthropology, and the study of evolution, and particularly of our nearest relatives, has much to offer to the understanding of man and his behaviors.
Structure of the solar chromosphere. III. Models of the EUV brightness components of the quiet sun

The described investigation is concerned with the solution of the non-LTE optically thick transfer equations for hydrogen, carbon, and other constituents to determine semiempirical models for six components of the quiet solar chromosphere. For a given temperature-height distribution, the solution is obtained of the equations of statistical equilibrium, radiative transfer for lines and continua, and hydrostatic equilibrium to find the ionization and excitation conditions for each atomic constituent. The emergent spectrum is calculated, and a trial and error approach is used to adjust the temperature distribution so that the emergent spectrum is in best agreement with the observed one. The relationship between semiempirical models determined in this way and theoretical models based on radiative equilibrium is discussed by Avrett (1977). Harvard Skylab EUV observations are used to determine models for a number of quiet-sun regions.
Modeling strategy shifts in a problem-solving task

Abstract A computer simulation model was fitted to human laboratory data for the Missionaries and Cannibals task to explain (1) the effects upon problem performance of giving a hint, and (2) the effects of solving the problem a second time after one successful solution had been achieved. Most of the variance in the relative frequencies of different moves can be explained by positing that the effect of the hint, or of previous experience in solving the problem, is to cause subjects to switch more promptly from a strategy of balancing the numbers of missionaries and cannibals on both sides of the river, to a means-ends strategy.
Human breast cancer cell lines as models for investigating the effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and related compounds

The dose-response effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) and 1,2,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD) as inducers of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) were determined for 3 human breast cancer cell lines. The T47-D and MCF-7 cell lines were highly responsive to the induction effects of TCDD and TCDF. EC50 values were approximately 1 × 10−9 M for TCDD and TCDF in both cell lines and in both enzyme assays. These results, coupled with the low activity of the PeCDD congener were consistent with an Ah receptor mediated-induction process. The MDA-MB-231 cell line was not responsive to TCDD, TCDF or PeCDD. Preliminary data demonstrated that pretreatment of MCF-7 cells with TCDD resulted in a substantial decrease in the amount of nuclear estrogen receptor bound by [3H]-estradiol. Additional studies using estrogen receptor antibodies confirmed the reduction of the nuclear estrogen receptor protein in MCF-7 cells by TCDD.
Effect of tutoring on voluntary school withdrawal of academically underprepared minority students

Tutoring is felt to be an important component of services designed to improve the performance and retention of academically underprepared students; however, relatively little empirical research has been conducted on the effect of tutoring on students' persistence. A sample of 679 academically underprepared minority students was tracked for three semesters, and students who were tutored showed significantly higher persistence rates. The results of this study indicate that tutoring is associated with improved persistence of academically underprepared minority students.
Mucinous urethral caruncle

Abstract A case of urethral caruncle, composed exclusively of mucin-secreting colonic-type glands and believed to be the first on record, is described. The, lesion presented clinically as an ordinary caruncle and was treated by local excision. The histogenesis of the lesion is discussed, and its probable origin from an intraurethral cloacogenic colonic glared rest is proposed.
Hamiltonian Systems with a Discrete Symmetry

Abstract If ƒ: M → M is an antisymplectic involution of a symplectic manifold M then the fixed set of ƒ is a Lagrangian submanifold L ⊂ M . Moreover there exist cotangent bundle coordinates in a neighborhood of L in M such that ƒ in these coordinates maps a covector into its negative. Thus classical examples which have a discrete symmetry such as the restricted three-body problems are locally like a reversible system.
A General Purpose Approximation to Restricted Maximum Likelihood: The Tilde-Hat Approach

Restricted maximum likelihood estimates of variances and covariances are often preferred by animal breeders but can be expensive or impossible to compute for large data sets. Less expensive, approximate restricted maximum likelihood estimates can be obtained by using quadratic forms that resemble the restricted maximum likelihood quadratics but have expectations easier to compute. Quadratic forms for the tilde-hat approach resemble the restricted maximum likelihood quadratics more closely than previous approximations. The strategy is not difficult computationally even for models containing additive genetic relationships. Of three approximate strategies tested, tilde-hat gave estimates closest to restricted maximum likelihood in an actual data set. All three approximations were strongly biased downward by selection in simulated data. The restricted maximum likelihood quadratic seems to account for selection well, whereas substitute quadratics account for selection poorly.
Public Physical Unclonable Functions

A physical unclonable function (PUF) is an integrated circuit (IC) that serves as a hardware security primitive due to its complexity and the unpredictability between its outputs and the applied inputs. PUFs have received a great deal of research interest and significant commercial activity. Public PUFs (PPUFs) address the crucial PUF limitation of being a secret-key technology. To some extent, the first generation of PPUFs are similar to SIMulation Possible, but Laborious (SIMPL) systems and one-time hardware pads, and employ the time gap between direct execution and simulation. The second PPUF generation employs both process variation and device aging which results in matched devices that are excessively difficult to replicate. The third generation leaves the analog domain and employs reconfigurability and device aging to produce digital PPUFs. We survey representative PPUF architectures, related public protocols and trusted information flows, and related testing issues. We conclude by identifying the most important, challenging, and open PPUF-related problems.
EDTA enhanced phytoremediation of copper contaminated soils using chickpea (Cicer aeritinum L.).

The goal of this research was to determine whether or not chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), commonly known as Garbanzo beans, is a hyper accumulator for copper (Cu) in contaminated soils amended with EDTA. Statistical analysis (2 tailed Pearson Correlation) revealed significant correlations between: Translocation index and stem biomass (r = 0.859**; p < 0.01); Tolerance index and stem biomass (r = 0.762**; p < 0.01); and bioconcentration factor of stem/soil and soil Cu concentration (r = −0.545*; p < 0.05). Therefore, C. arietinum seems to be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly hyperaccumulator for Cu at 100 ppm Cu and 10 mM EDTA.
Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Evidence for Ice-Sheet Presence on Southern Greenland During the Last Interglacial

To ascertain the response of the southern Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) to a boreal summer climate warmer than at present, we explored whether southern Greenland was deglaciated during the Last Interglacial (LIG), using the Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios of silt-sized sediment discharged from southern Greenland. Our isotope data indicate that no single southern Greenland geologic terrane was completely deglaciated during the LIG, similar to the Holocene. Differences in sediment sources during the LIG relative to the early Holocene denote, however, greater southern GIS retreat during the LIG. These results allow the evaluation of a suite of GIS models and are consistent with a GIS contribution of 1.6 to 2.2 meters to the ≥4-meter LIG sea-level highstand, requiring a significant sea-level contribution from the Antarctic Ice Sheet.