cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A National Association for Working-Class History

David Roediger (University of Minnesota) closed the discussion and, in many ways, pulled together the dual focus on the scholarly applications and political applications of class in multicultural society. He started by talking about a recent USA Today article that had stated that the majority of organized workers in the United States were no longer either white or male, and he illustrated this fact by recounting a vacation trip to Las Vegas during which the Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE), a union in which women and people of color form a large majority of the rank and file, were conducting an organizing drive. He asked, "Can we return to class as an organizing tool?" He cautioned that in "getting back to class, we have to realize what we're getting back to." Using the work of Alexander Saxton on white workers in the western United States, he ex plored the pitfalls of using concepts of class based on the assumption that workers are white and male. Roediger concluded that, as labor historians, we have progressed in writing inclusive working-class histories but are also writing amidst a chorus of apprehension that labor history is in decline. Roediger rejected, in qualitative terms, the decline of labor history. He cautioned, however, that its acceptance in the broader field of US History should not be complacently presumed. The discussion that followed ranged broadly but clustered around competing historical interpretations of class, race, and gender and how multiculturalism fits into building a new labor movement. The session on the uses of class in a multicultural age at the OAH conference generated many more questions than answers on its central issues. It did, however, reveal a vitality and a level of interest which reas sured those of us who were concerned by the small number of labor and working-class history sessions at the conference and by the weak atten dance at some of those sessions. This session's greatest value, perhaps, was in the consistent crossing of borders between class-as-an-analytical-tool and class-as-a-transformative-agent: Today, race, gender, and citizenship have tremendously complicated both applications.
PEGS, BOARDS, AND RELATIVISTIC PERDURANCE

In an earlier work I developed an argument favoring one view of persistence (viz., perdurance) over its rivals, based on considerations of the relativity of three-dimensional spatial shapes of physical objects in Minkowski spacetime. The argument has since come under criticism (in the works of Theodore Sider, Kristie Miller, Ian Gibson, Oliver Pooley, and Thomas Sattig). Two related topics, explanatory virtues and explanatory relevance, are central to these critical discussions. In this paper I deal with these topics directly and respond to my critics by offering a new perspective on the issue.
Transmission-Constrained Inverse Residual Demand Jacobian Matrix in Electricity Markets

A generation firm in an electricity market may own multiple generators located at multiple locations. This paper generalizes the concept of transmission-constrained residual demand from a single generator's perspective to that of a generation firm. We calculate the derivative of a generation firm's inverse residual demand function, i.e., the Jacobian matrix, based on a multi-parameter sensitivity analysis of the optimal power flow solution, and characterize some of its properties. This Jacobian matrix provides valuable information, such as in characterizing a generation firm's profit maximizing strategy. We apply the bundle-Newton method utilizing the Jacobian matrix to find a generation firm's maximum profit. The effectiveness and performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with the IEEE 118-bus system example. The Jacobian matrix and the profit maximizing algorithm are helpful for market participants to bid into electricity markets, and for market monitors to analyze firm-based strategic behaviors.
Surgical management of hands in children with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: use of allogeneic composite cultured skin grafts

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is characterised by progressive childhood hand syndactyly and flexion contractures, which can be managed surgically but require split thickness autografts to facilitate satisfactory postoperative healing. We report on the partial substitution, for autografts, of improved composite cultured skin (CCS) allografts. The structure and preparation of these CCSs is outlined and their application in the course of 16 operations performed on 7 RDEB children with syndactyly and flexor contractures of fingers is described. Hand contractures were released and web spaces were covered with local flaps and split thickness autografts, while adjacent sides of the digits and other areas, as well as donor sites were generally grafted with CCS. Morphologic and functional results with CCS were judged to be good to excellent, the average time to recurrence was increased approximately 2-fold and smaller autografts needed to be used. In addition, healed CCS-treated donor sites could provide superior donor sites for further surgery.
Clinical evaluation of orally administered hog duodenal substance in the treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis.

The publication in 1945 by Gilll prompted the application of preparations of hog intestine in the management of chronic ulcerative colitis. In his writing he states that "The natural course of ulcerative colitis with its tendency to spontaneous remissions and relapses led us to consider that chronic ulcerative colitis might be a deficiency disease." The suggestion came to him that the missing hypothetical factor might be present or produced by some part of the intestine. He continues to say that remissions and relapses could be induced according to whether treatment was maintained or discontinued. The intestinal preparation that Gill used successfully was named "Preparation B" after the method of Allen and Hanburys; it was a simple desiccated defatted substance. In 1946 Gill2 substantiated his previous report on this form of therapy. Ehrlich3 reported favorable results in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with extracts of hog stomach in 1947. In 1948 Friedman4 reported favorably on this form of treatment with orally administered extract of hog intestine. In 19495 a preliminary report was presented by us on the use of duodenal substance in the treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis.
Synthesis and structure of the tetrametallic complex [TlAu(C5H4PPh2)2]2

The tetrametallic complex [TlAu(C5H4PPh2)2]2, 1, is obtained by reaction of [AuCl(SMe2)] with TlC5H4PPh2 in benzene solution. The structure of 1, as its benzene solvate, has been determined using X-ray diffraction methods, and reveals that each gold is coordinated by two phosphino groups and each thallium is symmetrically bound in η5 fashion to two cyclopentadienyls. 1 is triclinic, space group P1, with a 10.572(4), b 11.343(6), c 16.056(6) A, α 105.09(4), β 98.96(3), γ 17.15(4)°, Z = 2, R = 0.0423 and Rw = 0.0438 for refinement of 398 parameters using 6106 unique reflections.
SUPERPOSITION IN RHEOLOGY

The uses of superposition in linear viscoelasticity and steady-state shearing flow are treated from the point of view of phenomenological theory. Special attention is paid to exact and approximate relations concerning superposition of various rheological properties. Shift factors are related to the viscoelastic constants.
An application of isoperimetric inequalities to the transmission of scalar waves through small apertures

Isoperimetric inequalities bound the exact solution of complicated boundaryvalue problems through the use of certain simple geometric quantities. As an example of this concept, we propose bounds on the scalar (acoustic) transmission coeficient which characterizes a small aperture of arbitrary shape. These bounds depend solely on the area and perimeter of the aperture. The plausibility of the bounds is demonstrated through the evaluation of several known solutions. Results are noted for apertures in both flexible and rigid screens and these results are compared and contrasted with those of the corresponding vector (electromagnetic) problem.
Prevalence of anemia in erythropoietin-treated pediatric as compared to adult chronic dialysis patients.

Prevalence of anemia in erythropoietin-treated pediatric as compared to adult chronic dialysis patients. Background Recent guidelines recommend a target hemoglobin range of 11 to 12 g/dL in pediatric and adult dialysis patients. We compared anemia prevalence in United States Medicare pediatric and adult dialysis patients. Methods Prevalent hemodialysis patients (0 to 19 years, pediatric: N = 1692; adult: N = 352,291) and peritoneal dialysis patients (pediatric: N = 597; adult: N = 39,136) treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) from 1996 to 2000 were selected. Mean annual hemoglobin values were calculated by modality, age, sex, and race. Results Among hemodialysis patients, mean annual hemoglobin values less than 11 g/dL were present in pediatric and adult patients during 54.1% versus 39.8% patient years, respectively ( P P P Conclusion Hemoglobin values in rHuEPO-treated pediatric dialysis patients lagged behind those of adult patients, with pediatric patients achieving target hemoglobin values only a minority of the time (45.9% and 30.5% patient years, respectively, for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis). Trends show recent improvement in anemia treatment of children on dialysis. Still, further attention to and analysis of rHuEPO and iron therapy in pediatric dialysis patients is warranted.
MutaGeneSys : estimating individual disease susceptibility based on genome-wide SNP array data

UNLABELLED We present MutaGeneSys: a system that uses genome-wide genotype data to estimate disease susceptibility. Our system integrates three data sources: the International HapMap project, whole-genome marker correlation data and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. It accepts SNP data of individuals as query input and delivers disease susceptibility hypotheses even if the original set of typed SNPs is incomplete. Our system is scalable and flexible: it produces population, technology and confidence-specific predictions in interactive time. AVAILABILITY Our system is available as an online resource at http://magnet.c2b2.columbia.edu/mutagenesys/. Our findings have also been incorporated into the HapMap Genome Browser as the OMIM_Disease_Associations track.
Radar polarimetry - A state-of-the-art overview

Basic principles of radar polarimetry are introduced including a succinct sumiwy of the specific topics covered durinq the one-day Special Workshop on: Wdabatd mging and ansing Polarinetrye , arranged in cunjmction with th 1992 m: Radar Palarimetry, ieeet the utilization of wlete alectr~~gneticvector wave inforpati-, has be- an indispmsible tool in dlem electranagmtic sensor and imaging te!chnology, both in the civil and military sectorc, and increasingly -re 4.n ewir-tal rem- sensing of the terrestrial and planetary cnr~ts. Frcm the outset, w -ize that hy incorpotating coherent polaripetric: phase and -ita&? informatian intoxadarsignal andimage processing, cne can anticipate and already is witncs;aing a breakthrmgh that is cm+ parabletothat braughtaboutby the advent. of holography am3 c~mputer assisted (Radon projectian tamgraphy and its applicatians to Synthetic Apertuire Radar (SARI and Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (Ism). This overview paper provides a succinct overview of the principle developments in radar polarimetry, highlighting important contributions. Based on such a critical assessment, the appropriate formalism for handling basic polarimtric radar concepts is
Measuring environmental health risks: The negotiation of a public right-to-know law

Quantitative health risk assessment is a procedure for estimating the likelihood that exposure to environmental contaminants will produce certain adverse health effects, most commonly cancer. One instance of its use has been a California air toxics public “right-to-know” law. This article examines the ways in which credible health risk measurements were produced and challenged during the implementation of the California public policy. Fieldwork and documentary analysis finds that stakeholders negotiated within the formal constraints of the risk assessment procedures but still expressed their competing visions for the implementation of the risk communication policy. The abstract results of the method were contextualized according to different time frames and allocations of uncertainty. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that the political process privileged consistency of measurement over accuracy, revealing political negotiations at a fundamentally technical level. The struggle and variation in interpr...
Transgressive Ravinement versus Depth of Closure: A Geological Perspective from the Upper Texas Coast

Abstract The upper Texas coast is one of the most populated areas along the Gulf of Mexico. Three dynamic barriers along this section of coastline (Bolivar Peninsula, Galveston Island, and Follets Island) have a well-documented history of shoreline change. Numerous engineering studies incorporating both sedimentological data and numerical models have been established for this system to understand sediment fluxes. However, rarely have previous studies examined sediment fluxes for the upper Texas coast in light of certain fundamental concepts of coastal geology. Here, we discuss the current theory and understanding of barrier island dynamics from a geologic standpoint as they relate to sediment budgets for the upper Texas coast. From sediment cores, we quantify both shoreface and washover sand fluxes, which previously were not incorporated as sand sinks into sediment budgets for this system. Shoreface sand fluxes represent a sizable portion of the total budget, whereas modern washover sand fluxes are minima...
Generation of performance constraints for layout

Methods are presented for generating bounds on interconnection delays in a combinational network having specified timing requirements at its input and output terminals. An automatic placement program that uses wirability as its primary objective could use these delay bounds to generate length or capacitance bounds for interconnection nets as secondary objectives. Thus, unlike previous timing-driven placement algorithms, the desired performance of the circuit is guaranteed when a wirable placement meeting these objectives is found. Fast algorithms are provided that maximize the delay range, and hence the margin for error in layout, for various types of timing constraint. >
Context, Retrospection, and Prospection in Healthcare Process Definitions

Carefully defined processes can be effective tools for guiding and coordinating the actions of healthcare professionals. In past work our group has focused on defining such processes precisely and completely in order to support largely static analyses that demonstrate the absence from the processes of defects and vulnerabilities. Now increasingly our group’s focus has been turning to the execution of these processes, using them to provide run-time information to guide process participants. This new focus has made it clear that more thought must be given to how to communicate with participants in order to assure more effective guidance. Our work is suggesting that participants, especially human participants, will require that process-provided guidance be accompanied by context, history, and prospective information if the guidance is to be credible, acceptable, and ultimately useful. A process definition that merely provides needed inputs and resources, and informs a participant that it is time to perform a specified activity is likely to be received with skepticism and to be the target of searching follow-up questioning. Process participants are likely to require answers to questions such as, “why am I being asked to do this?”, “who else is doing what at this point?”, “what past events have gotten us to the point where we need to do this?”, “why am I being asked to do this again when I have already done it before?”, and “if I do this, what other activities and resources are going to be required next?”. The need for a process definition to be able to support the provision of answers to such questions relies upon the process definition’s access to the process execution’s current state, its past history, and its future execution possibilities. Providing such access poses difficult and important problems for the developers of process definition languages and formalisms. This talk identifies some of these problems, suggests possible approaches to them, and underlying challenges in solving them.
The effect of phosphatidyl choline on the degradation of phosphatidyl ethanolamine by the phospholipase of post-heparin plasma or snake venom.

The degradation of phosphatidyl ethanolamine by human post-heparin plasma phospholipase is not significantly affected by phosphatidyl choline added to the assay system as an aqueous emulsion. However, when the two phospholipids are combined in chloroform–methanol and the solvent is removed prior to their joint emulsification, a marked reduction of phosphatidyl ethanolamine degradation is observed. The extent of this reduction is dependent upon the relative amount of phosphatidyl choline added. The results obtained are interpreted on the basis of a hypothetical complex formation between the two phospholipids. A comparison of the phospholipase activities of post-heparin plasma and Crotalus adamanteus venom reveals both similarities and differences in the behavior of the two enzymes.
Resolving Libel Cases Out of Court: How Attorneys View the Libel Dispute Resolution Program

The present article describes an empirical study that examined factors that affected parties’ willingness to consider an experimental alternative to litigation in media libel disputes. Parties’ interest in using the ADR program was influenced by their lawyers’ recommendations regarding the program, which were affected by the lawyers’ familiarity with and attitudes toward ADR. Parties’ motives and objectives for the litigation also affected their willingness to use the program. The stage of litigation also affected parties’ interest in the ADR program. Plaintiffs were most interested before they had filed suit; their interest declined as time passed after filing. Media organizations, however, were more interested after some discovery or other pretrial activity had occurred. Lawyers and parties in the few cases that used the alternative program had favorable assessments of the process and its efficiency. Lawyers felt that their discussions about the ADR program facilitated communication about the parties’ real interests. The authors conclude that if media organizations are interested in averting libel suits or in resolving them quickly and inexpensively, they need to take the initiative to propose the use of ADR early in the dispute.
Dietary sodium effects on renin and angiotensinogen gene expression in preweanling WKY and SHR

The influence of altered dietary sodium on angiotensinogen and renin gene expression was examined in young normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Artificial rearing was used to increase or decrease dietary sodium intake during the preweanling period. In normally reared control animals, renal renin and liver angiotensinogen mRNA decreased between 6 and 30 postnatal days of age. In contrast, in the central nervous system, angiotensinogen mRNA increased between 6 and 30 days of age, and renin mRNA remained stable. Dietary sodium manipulation between postnatal days (PD) 6 and 18 significantly influenced renal renin gene expression, with low-sodium diet increasing renin mRNA on PD12 and PD18 and high-sodium diet decreasing renin mRNA on PD18. Liver angiotensinogen mRNA decreased for animals on either diet on PD12 and PD18. Brain angiotensinogen and renin mRNA were not affected by dietary sodium levels. There were no strain-related differences in the response to high and low dietary sodium. These results demonstrate that 1) the peripheral and central renin-angiotensin systems do not have a common ontogenetic pattern of development, 2) they are independently regulated in response to dietary sodium variations, and 3) young WKY and SHR share very similar ontogenetic patterns of angiotensinogen and renin gene expression.
Fuck the Draft ®: Notes on the First Amendment and Trademark Law

This draft presents an analytical critique of the Federal Circuit’s decision, In re Tam, a game-changing decision regarding First Amendment scrutiny of trademark law. It is preliminary and distributed, without footnotes, for discussion purposes only. While the specific statutory provision at issue is the anti-disparagement section of Section 1052(a) of the Lanham Act, the court’s broad wielding of strict scrutiny for content based speech restrictions has implications for claims of dilution under the Lanham Act and state law. The argument begins with the observation that slogans have different meanings when displayed on clothing as a trademark from when they are displayed as a personal statement. The example of the phrase “Fuck the Draft” from the Supreme Court’s opinion in Cohen v. California illustrates the point. Because trademark speech is different from ordinary speech, First Amendment scrutiny needs to be attuned to the contexts in which trademarks are used and the government’s interest in promoting distinctive marks that divert the attention of consumers to products and services. Trademark speech has a very narrow function, which requires greater room for government regulation, even for content-based impositions on speech.
A Finite Element Analysis Based Compliance Method Coupled With Wet Etching to Determine Residual Stress in High Speed Milling

High speed milling (HSM) is widely used in automotive and aerospace industries in fabricating mechanical components from high strength aluminum and other alloys due to high productivity and good surface finish. HSM induced residual stresses may significantly impact the fatigue life and corrosion resistance of the machined components. Traditional methods of residual stress (RS) measurement, such as hole drilling, X-ray diffraction, and neutron diffraction, are very time consuming and expensive, especially for the shallow subsurface (usually <100 μm) of a machined component. The compliance method provides a convenient alternative to these approaches to determine the residual stress distributions in the subsurface. However, the compliance method using wire EDM is prone to experimental errors. In addition, the traditional approach to calculate compliance function is very complex. This paper presents a new wet etching approach to obtain strains as a function of slot depth introduced in the subsurface. The strain readings were collected from a strain gauge mounted on the specimen surface near the slot edge. The compliance function can be conveniently calculated by simulating slot cutting using the finite element method via a Legendre polynomial subroutine as the applied load. These calculated compliance functions and measured strain values at different depths were used as inputs into a program to calculate residual stress. This leads to much a faster and less expensive method of determining residual stresses when compared with the traditional methods of residual stress determination. The capability of this new approach was demonstrated by high speed milling 6061-T651 and 7050-T7451 aluminum alloys. A design of experiment (DOE) method was adopted to conduct fifty-four cutting conditions with three levels of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Residual stress profiles with twelve data points with spatial resolution as small as 1 μm in the subsurface were then obtained using this new approach. Residual stress sensitivity to cutting conditions was investigated. In addition, subsurface microstructure and microhardness were characterized.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Evaluation of PaO2 /FiO2 and SaO2 /FiO2 ratios in postoperative dogs recovering on room air or nasal oxygen insufflation.

Objective To evaluate partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fractional percentage of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) and SaO2/FiO2 ratios (where SaO2 is percentage of oxyhemoglobin saturation in arterial blood), and the correlation between PaO2/FiO2 and SaO2/FiO2, in healthy dogs recovering postoperatively on room air versus nasal oxygen insufflation. Design Retrospective study. Setting University veterinary teaching hospital. Animals Nineteen dogs. Measurements and Main Results Medical records were retrospectively evaluated for data from a previous prospective study of dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy, subsequently randomized to receive 100 mL/kg/min of nasal oxygen insufflation (estimated 37% FiO2, n = 9) or room air (estimated 21% FiO2, n = 10) for 2 hours postoperatively. Baseline information was obtained 1 hour intraoperatively, followed by three postoperative time points (10, 60, and 120 min). Data recorded for each time point included FiO2, PaO2, SaO2, PaO2/FiO2, SaO2/FiO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2), rectal temperature, and arterial blood pH. The PaO2/FiO2 in dogs recovering on supplemental oxygen was significantly higher compared to dogs recovering on room air (516 ± 28 vs. 359 ± 10, P < 0.0001), whereas the SaO2/FiO2 ratio in dogs recovering on supplemental oxygen was significantly lower compared to dogs recovering on room air (268 ± 0.5 versus 448 ± 1.4, P < 0.0001). The PaO2/FiO2 and SaO2/FiO2 ratios demonstrated excellent correlation for both groups at each postoperative time point. In dogs breathing room air, PaO2/FiO2 and SaO2/FiO2 correlation coefficients were 0.90, 0.95, and 0.93 (P < 0.001). In dogs receiving supplemental oxygen, PaO2/FiO2 and SaO2/FiO2 correlation coefficients were 0.94, 0.93, and 0.90 (P < 0.001). Conclusions In this population of postoperative dogs breathing either room air or with nasal oxygen insufflation, PaO2/FiO2 and SaO2/FiO2 had excellent correlation. Further evaluation into the correlation between SaO2/FiO2 or pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2)/FiO2 with PaO2/FiO2 in both healthy dogs, and dogs with pulmonary dysfunction is warranted.
Epidemiological analysis of syphilis from 1995 to 2009 in the City of Shiyan,Hubei Province

Objective To analyze the prevalence of syphilis in Shiyan from 1995-2009 and provide evidence for its control and prevention.Methods Data on the prevalence of syphilis in Shiyan was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.Results From 1995 to 2009,3 477 cases of syphilis were reported.The total incidence of syphilis was 6.90 per 100 000,and the incidence rate continued to increase.Of the 3 477 cases,1 156 were phase I syphilis(33.42%),806 were phase II syphilis(23.30%),20 were phase Ⅲ syphilis(0.58%),130 were congenital syphilis(3.76%),and 1 347 were latent syphilis(38.94%).Of all the patients seen,1 698 were males.Incidence was greatest in individuals ages 20-49,who accounted for 67.44% of the patients seen.Most were farmers,factory workers,and the unemployed,respectively accounting for 17.75%,16.59%,and 12.42% of the patients seen.In terms of regional distribution,incidence was highest in the City of Shiyan,the City of Danjiangkou,and Fang County,with respective incidence rates of 60.68%,10.07%,and 9.84%.Conclusion The City of Shiyan had a relatively high incidence of syphilis.Effective measures should be taken to prevent and control syphilis.
β-Adrenergic Blockers

beta-Adrenergic blocking drugs have been available for several years to treat ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular and noncardiovascular disorders. There are multiple drugs in this class with various pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties that may be important in specific clinical situations and in avoiding certain adverse reactions. These drugs have been shown to be efficacious in relieving anginal symptoms and prolonging exercise tolerance, in reducing high blood pressure, for treating various arrhythmias, in therapy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and for prolonging life in many survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
Portable real-time PCR system using tablet-based fluorescence imaging

The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a key medical tool for diagnosing and monitoring viral infections. Due to the high cost and large size of existing qPCR machines, it is rarely viable for remote and resource-limited areas. A portable and affordable instrument for qPCR could make a significant difference in the accessibility of this important diagnostic technique across the world. In this work, a solution is proposed that uses widely available technology found in mobile phones and tablet computers, integrated with an affordable battery-powered thermal cycler, to cheaply and effectively run real-time PCR reactions. The demonstrated prototype performs 2-step and 3-step PCR reactions, and fluorescence is measured in real time using a tablet-integrated camera. These results serve as a proof-of-concept for the use of smartphones and tablets as quantitative image processing devices to enable portable, battery-powered qPCR instrumentation.
Just what are spiritual needs of cancer patients? An empirical study in a diverse population.

10005Background: National guidelines have endorsed attention to patients' spirituality as a key aspect of supportive care. Critics have questioned whether the term "spirituality" carries sufficient...
Predictors of Patient-Reported Function and Pain Outcomes in Operative Ankle Fractures

Background:Risk factors associated with short-term functional outcomes in patients with operative ankle fractures have been established. However, no previous studies have reported the association between these risk factors and functional outcomes outside of the first postoperative year. We identified predictors of functional and pain outcomes in patients with operative ankle fractures using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS) physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI) measures.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed a multicenter cohort of patients ≥18 years old who underwent operative management of closed ankle fractures from 2001 to 2013 with a minimum of a 2-year follow-up. Patients with pilon variants, Maisonneuve fractures, Charcot arthropathy, prior ankle surgery, and chronic ankle fractures were excluded. Patients meeting inclusion criteria were contacted and evaluated using the PROMIS PF and PI computerized adaptive tests. Patient demographic and injury characteristics wer...
EEG and Semiology in Focal Epilepsy

The majority of seizures could be divided into generalized or focal (also known as partial) seizures based on ictal EEG onset. Generalized seizures, as the name implies, appear to have a bilateral onset on the EEG since the seizure discharge is believed to rapidly involve bilateral networks. In contrast, focal seizures arise within networks limited to one hemisphere.
Chapter 6 – Under the Hood

Publisher Summary Some of the subtleties of the sockets programming interface are difficult to grasp without some understanding of the data structures associated with each socket in the implementation and some details of how the underlying protocols work. This is especially true of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) sockets. This chapter describes some of what goes on “under the hood” when creating and using a socket. Knowing about the existence of these data structures and how they are affected by the underlying protocols is useful because they control various aspects of the behavior of the sockets application programming interface (API) functions. The need to copy user data into SendQ for potential retransmission also has implications for performance. The socket interface permits sending and receiving data on a TCP socket only when it is in the connected or “Established” state, that is, only when it has completed the opening handshake message exchange required to establish a TCP connection. The process of matching an incoming packet to a socket is actually the same for both TCP and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
Accident tolerant fuel cladding development: Promise, status, and challenges

Abstract The motivation for transitioning away from zirconium-based fuel cladding in light water reactors to significantly more oxidation-resistant materials, thereby enhancing safety margins during severe accidents, is laid out. A review of the development status for three accident tolerant fuel cladding technologies, namely coated zirconium-based cladding, ferritic alumina-forming alloy cladding, and silicon carbide fiber–reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite cladding, is offered. Technical challenges and data gaps for each of these cladding technologies are highlighted. Full development towards commercial deployment of these technologies is identified as a high priority for the nuclear industry.
Agnostic possible worlds semantics

Working within standard classical higher-order logic, we propose a possible worlds semantics (PWS) which combines the simplicity of the familiar Montague semantics (MS), in which propositions are sets of worlds, with the fine-grainedness of the older but less well-known tractarian semantics (TS) of Wittgenstein and C.I. Lewis, wherein worlds are maximal consistent sets of propositions. The proposed agnostic PWS makes neither montagovian nor tractarian ontological commitments, but is consistent with (and easily extensible to) either alternative (among many others). It is technically straightforward and, we believe, capable of everything linguists need PWS to do, such as interfacing with a logical grammar and serving as a basis for dynamic semantics.
Patellofemoral Cartilage Lesions Treated With Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage: A Prospective Study With Minimum 2-Year Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes.

Purpose To analyze the functional outcomes of patients treated with particulated juvenile articular cartilage (PJAC) for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions in the patellofemoral joint, correlates clinical outcomes with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the repair tissue using cartilage-sensitive quantitative T2-mapping. Methods All patients treated with PJAC for patellofemoral lesions were identified and prospectively followed with clinical outcome scores (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC], Knee Outcome Survey–Activities of Daily Living [KOS-ADL], and Marx Activity Scale [MAS]). Postoperative MRI scans using quantitative T2 mapping were obtained and interpreted by an independent musculoskeletal radiologist. Results Twenty-seven patients treated with PJAC for 30 full-thickness patellofemoral cartilage lesions were identified; mean postoperative follow-up was 3.84 years. Improvements from pre- to postoperative mean IKDC (45.9 vs 71.2, P P P = .97). Advanced age, history of previous surgery, lesion location (patella vs trochlea), or concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy did not affect outcome scores. Greater body mass index was associated with less improvement in KOS-ADL score. No patients required reoperation for graft-related issues. Lesion fill exceeding 67% by MRI assessment was noted in 69.2% of lesions; depth of lesion fill did not correlate with clinical outcomes. Quantitative T2-mapping revealed prolonged relaxation time at the graft site compared with adjacent normal cartilage at both deep and superficial zones. Conclusions This study found significantly improved pain and function in patients treated with PJAC for symptomatic patellofemoral articular cartilage defects. No patients required reoperation for graft-related issues. Postoperative MRI revealed majority lesion fill in more than 69% of patients, but persistent morphologic differences between graft site and normal adjacent cartilage remain. Though we support PJAC use in this setting to improve patient subjective outcomes, improved appearance on postoperative imaging was not found to provide additional clinical benefit. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
Benjamin Basil Shee, Knight of the Lion and Sun of Persia (1803–1840)

ABSTRACTBenjamin Basil Shee served as an officer in the armies of ‘Abbas Mirza and Mohammad Shah from c. 1827 to 1839. Mentioned in passing by a number of visitors to Iran, he was involved in a sur...
Noisy Neighbors: Acoustic Interference and Vocal Interactions between Two Syntopic Species of Ranid Frogs, Rana clamitans and Rana catesbeiana

Abstract American Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and Green Frogs (Rana clamitans) share ranges and breeding seasons, are ecologically similar, and often occupy the same breeding ponds throughout the summer. Males of both species use vocalizations to defend territories and attract females; however, Bullfrogs have longer calls and call much more frequently than Green Frogs. The calls of the two species overlap in frequency; thus, Bullfrog calls are a likely source of acoustic interference for Green Frogs that could affect their ability to attract females. Nevertheless, in natural settings where these species co-occur, Green Frogs reproduce successfully. This suggests that Green Frogs respond to the calling patterns of Bullfrogs in ways that maximize Green Frog signal-to-noise ratio. We used long-term pond environment recordings and bioacoustics analyzing software to explore the influence of Bullfrog calling patterns on the vocal activity of syntopic Green Frogs. We found both species call most actively within...
Identifying cost effective boundaries of operationality

Abstract Operationality is concerned with the cost of testing the relevance of a concept description in a new situation. A boundary of operationality can be viewed as delimiting a set of predicates with ‘acceptable’ test costs by some criteria. Very often though, these criteria do not take into account the ability of the predicate's truth value to discriminate between competing concept descriptions for one which is most relevant. Thus, in isolation a predicate may have a moderate test cost, but the benefits of this test in terms of continued search may outweigh the costs. This paper describes EXOR, which is an inductive concept formation system that abstracts and organizes explanatory knowledge for efficient reuse. In particular, we will focus on EXOR'S identification of an appropriate boundary of operationality, which we interpret as maximizing a measure of cost effectiveness.
Ausblick auf Möglichkeiten der Lösung des Konflikts zwischen Gerichtshof und Bundesverfassungsgericht

Der Konflikt zwischen Bundesverfassungsgericht und Gerichtshof wird auf unabsehbare Zeit fortbestehen, auch wenn er in der Praxis von unterschiedlicher Bedeutung sein wird.
US Counterpoint to Chapter 22

Endosseous dental implants are used to support fixed and removable prostheses for totally and partially edentulous patients. Branemark and colleagues demonstrated that titanium screw implants could support fixed prostheses in completely edentulous arches, with 84% implant retention in the maxilla and 93% implant survival in the mandible over 15 years (1,2). They provide a rigid connection of implant to bone, with nearly complete lateral immobility (3). Osseointegrated dental implants have revolutionized the prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous or partially edentulous patients (4–6). The clinical use of these implants, with modifications through biological and materials research, has expanded markedly over the past two decades. Most academic centers in the United States place endosseous dental implants and the teaching of this reconstructive modality is considered standard in all oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs.
Case 61: Prolonged Surgery

You are called to the ER to evaluate a 54-year-old man (80 kg, 6 ft 2 in.) who has sustained a right acetabular fracture after falling off his motorbike. He is booked for an open reduction and internal fixation. His past medical history is significant for a 35-year-old smoking history. He has no allergies. The physical exam reveals no other injuries. He denies any loss of consciousness at the time of his fall and he claims he remembers everything.
Chemical, physical and enzymatic comparisons of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetases from thermo- and mesophilic Clostridia.

10-Formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (Formate:tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP), E. C. 6.3.4.3) catalyzes the synthesis of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:
Efficacy of intravenous ketamine treatment in anxious versus nonanxious unipolar treatment-resistant depression.

Objective To examine the effect of high baseline anxiety on response to ketamine versus midazolam (active placebo) in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods In a multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 99 subjects with TRD were randomized to one of five arms: a single dose of intravenous ketamine 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg, or midazolam 0.045 mg/kg. The primary outcome measure was change in the six-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD6). A linear mixed effects model was used to examine the effect of anxious depression baseline status (defined by a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Anxiety-Somatization score ≥7) on response to ketamine versus midazolam at 1 and 3 days postinfusion. Results N = 45 subjects had anxious TRD, compared to N = 54 subjects without high anxiety at baseline. No statistically significant interaction effect was found between treatment group assignment (combined ketamine treatment groups versus midazolam) and anxious/nonanxious status on HAMD6 score at either days 1 or 3 postinfusion (Day 1: F(1, 84) = 0.02, P = 0.88; Day 3: F(1, 82) = 0.12, P = 0.73). Conclusion In contrast with what is observed with traditional antidepressants, response to ketamine may be similar in both anxious and nonanxious TRD subjects. These pilot results suggest the potential utility of ketamine in the treatment of anxious TRD.
Abstract 887: Silver nanoparticles and ionizing radiation induce mitochondrial protein oxidation and effects on cell cycle and proliferation in lung cancer cell lines

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are widely applied nanomaterials for both commercial and clinical biomedical applications. AgNP have been shown to have cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines, as well as radiosensitizing properties. The AgNPs may induce free radicals via Fenton-type reactions, but the cellular mechanisms related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production remain largely unknown. Both ionizing radiation (IR) and AgNP exposure lead to apoptotic and necrotic cell death through mechanisms that involve DNA damage and induction of oxidative stress, possibly targeting mitochondria. Changes in the thiol redox state of mitochondrial proteins, such as protein sulfenylation, play an important role in a number of cellular processes, and mitochondrial damage and dysfunction along with increased mitochondrial ROS are implicated in a range of human diseases such as cancer. In this work we studied the molecular effects of AgNP exposure with and without IR in a panel of lung cell lines (three cancer cell lines: A549, Calu-1 and NCI-H358 and one immortalized lung epithelial cell line: BEAS-2B). Both AgNP and IR exposures increased mitochondrial protein oxidation detected by a recently developed mitochondria targeted probe for protein sulfenylation (DCP-NEt2C). This increase in DCP-NEt2C labeling was dose and time dependent and the exposures also showed a combined effect. Moreover, the exposures induced changes in cell cycle and decreased cellular proliferation. There were marked differences between different cell lines, likely reflecting differences in the cellular redox state and metabolism. In conclusion, the AgNP and IR exposures increase the mitochondrial ROS as demonstrated by increased protein oxidation and have effects on the cell cycle and cell proliferation. They also appear to have a combined effect which might have implications for clinical applications as well as environmental risk assessment. Citation Format: Reetta J. Holmila, Stephen A. Vance, Ravi Singh, S. Bruce King, Cristina M. Furdui. Silver nanoparticles and ionizing radiation induce mitochondrial protein oxidation and effects on cell cycle and proliferation in lung cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 887.
Will H. Moore’s enduring contribution to peace and conflict studies:

This special issue is dedicated to Will H. Moore’s enduring influence on peace science research and the community of peace science scholars. The five pieces in this special issue exemplify Will’s d...
The uncertainty of suffering.

I grew up in a black and white world. Life was easy and the path was clear. My parents had straightforward answers to all of my existential questions and “uncertainty” wasn’t even part of my vocabu...
Wisdom Is an Odd Number: Community and the Anthropocene in The Highest Frontier

Alexa T. Dodd discusses how The Highest Frontier engages with the idea of the Anthropocene to explore solutions to issues regarding the future of humanity and the Earth. Climate change, mass species extinction, deforestation, and other environmental crises are markers of this new epoch of humanity’s seeming dominance over the Earth system. The Highest Frontier suggests that the kind of community humans will need is one that generates cooperation through and among multiple perspectives. The Ultraphyte being who exists as a community of macroscopic bacteria also represents this kind of community. Such diversity equates with wisdom. This novel portrays how a wise Earth community that does not preclude individual responsibility is one solution to the problems of the Anthropocene.
Altered patterning of interneuron progenitors in Down syndrome

ABSTRACT Multiple developmental processes go awry in Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21, Ts21), the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and a complex multigene disorder. DS individuals have smaller brains with reduced volume of frontal and temporal lobes, including hippocampus. This smaller brain volume corresponds to fewer neurons in the DS cortex measured at pre-and post-natal stages, implicating impaired neurogenesis during development. We employ Ts21 human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and isogenic controls to identify disrupted interneuron developmental processes in DS. Interneuron progenitor specification, proliferation and migration is largely controlled by integrating known morphogen gradients, sonic hedgehog (SHH) and Wingless (WNT), and we find that Ts21 progenitors have altered patterning and generate different progenitor populations. Specifically, we find expression of WNT signaling genes is reduced and expression of GLI genes that regulate WNT and SHH signaling in this population is increased in Ts21 interneuron progenitors, suggesting Ts21 progenitors are patterned more ventrally and less caudally. Altered patterning affects lineage decisions and, in fact, fewer caudal interneuron progenitors expressing the transcription factor COUP-TFII differentiate from Ts21 iPSCs. In mouse, COUP-TFII+ progenitors are found in more caudal regions of the neurogenic regions, thus linking the patterning changes to altered generation of interneuron subpopulations. These data identify affected progenitor subpopulations in Ts21 and suggest that abnormal patterning of human Ts21 interneuron progenitors alters the generation of interneurons in DS and contributes to the reduced neurogenesis in DS.