cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Giallo!: genre, modernity, and detection in Italian horror cinema: by Alexia Kannas, Albany, State University of New York Press, 2020, 184 pp., $95 (hard cover), ISBN: 9781438480336

Although the ‘spaghetti’ western is perhaps better known, arguably no genre of popular Italian cinema holds more fascination for contemporary audiences worldwide than the giallo film. Inspired by a...
Monetary Rules: Is a Constrained Central Bank as Good as Gold?

I consider whether a rules-based fiat money system can outperform the gold standard in delivering economic stability. I discuss the potential objectives of monetary policy in Section 1 and the means for achieving the objective in Section 2. I turn to questions of political economy in Section 3. In particular, I consider whether the rule should specify the objective or the means of monetary policy and whether the rule should be imposed by Congress or adopted voluntarily at the discretion of the Fed. In general, I maintain that fiat money might outperform a gold standard if the central bank is committed to a well-designed monetary rule, but that achieving and maintaining such a commitment is easier said than done.
CREB-binding protein, p300, butyrate, and Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer

This paper reviews the distinctive roles played by the transcriptional coactivators CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cell physiology in colorectal cancer (CRC). Specifically, we focus on the effects of CBP- and p300-mediated Wnt activity on (1) neoplastic progression; (2) the activities of butyrate, a breakdown product of dietary fiber, on cell signaling and colonic cell physiology; (3) the development of resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), including butyrate and synthetic HDACis, in colonic cells; and (4) the physiology and number of cancer stem cells. Mutations of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway initiate the majority of CRC cases, and we have shown that hyperactivation of this pathway by butyrate and other HDACis promotes CRC cell apoptosis. This activity by butyrate may in part explain the preventive action of fiber against CRC. However, individuals with a high-fiber diet may still develop neoplasia; therefore, resistance to the chemopreventive action of butyrate likely contributes to CRC. CBP or p300 may modify the ability of butyrate to influence colonic cell physiology since the two transcriptional coactivators affect Wnt signaling, and likely, its hyperactivation by butyrate. Also, CBP and p300 likely affect colonic tumorigenesis, as well as stem cell pluripotency. Improvement of CRC prevention and therapy requires a better understanding of the alterations in Wnt signaling and gene expression that underlie neoplastic progression, stem cell fate, and the development of resistance to butyrate and clinically relevant HDACis. Detailed knowledge of how CBP- and p300 modulate colonic cell physiology may lead to new approaches for anti-CRC prevention and therapeutics, particularly with respect to combinatorial therapy of CBP/p300 inhibitors with HDACis.
Interactive OCT Annotation and Visualization for Vitreoretinal Surgery

Vitreoretinal surgery is an extremely challenging surgical discipline requiring surgeons to use limited visualization to locate and safely operate on particularly delicate eye structures. Intraocular image guidance can potentially aid in localizing retinal targets, such as Epiretinal Membranes. This paper describes a system and methods for localizing difficult to identify anatomical features in the retina using video stereo-microscopy and intraocular OCT. We visually track the retina motion and relative position of a hand-held OCT probe to assemble an M-Scan, the cross-sectional image of the anatomy corresponding to a trajectory of the probe across the retina. The surgeon is then able to interrogate the OCT image during the procedure by pointing a surgical instrument at the M-Scan trajectory superimposed on the retina and displayed in 3D. The system is designed to provide relevant intraoperative imaging to increase surgical precision, and minimize the surgeon’s cognitive load. We describe our system and quantify its performance in a phantom eye.
Global marketing managers

Purpose – Although a great deal of research has focused on global marketing strategy development and implementation, little research has focused on the global marketing managers charged with the responsibilities of developing and implementing such strategy. The aim of this paper is to develop a model that identifies a set of soft skills that have the ability to increase the effectiveness of global marketing managers in making the tactical adaptations necessary to develop and implement global marketing strategy in an increasingly complex and dynamic marketplace.Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model is developed with coinciding propositions.Findings – The model developed theorizes that the ability of global marketing managers to make tactical adaptations to the firm's global marketing strategy (and thus enhance performance) is driven by the soft skills of tacit knowledge, experience, learning, unlearning, intuition, self‐confidence, flexibility, prioritization of problems, working under pressure ...
Development of pharmacological and genetic tools to explore the potential of inward rectifier potassium channels as novel insecticide targets (654.9)

Inward rectifying potassium (Kir) channels play important physiological roles in humans and are expressed in various insect species such as mosquitoes. However, their potential as insecticidal targ...
Black Freedom Studies: Re‐imagining and Redefining the Fundamentals1

A burgeoning body of scholarship over the past decade has begun to reshape popular understandings of the civil rights movement. They have challenged the dominant civil rights story of a nonviolent movement born in the South during the 1950s that emerged triumphant in the early 1960s led by the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. but then was derailed by the twin forces of Black Power and white backlash when it sought to move North after 1965. By returning and re-asking the fundamental questions of origin, direction, and ideology of the movement, this new scholarship has questioned the most basic aspects of the story: who led and undertook these movements, what the movement was actually about, where it took place, when it happened, and why people engaged in a movement (or what they hoped to change). Their answers – if taken together – begin to show us a different movement: a national black freedom movement populated, shaped, and led by local people in communities across the country that began in the 1940s and 1950s and extended through the 1970s, that married self-defense with nonviolent direct action, radical economic critiques with desegregation protest with international solidarity, that relied on organizing and ground-level theorizing of local problems as well as charisma and national organizations.
Abstract 53: Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress and Left Ventricular Hypertrophic Patterns: Cross-sectional relations and prognostic significance

Background: Cardiac stress biomarkers (growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF-15], soluble ST-2 [ST2], high-sensitivity troponin I [hsTnI]) and B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP]) are associated with incident heart failure (HF) and left ventricular mass (LVM). It is unclear if biomarker levels and their prognostic significance vary according to LV hypertrophy (LVH) pattern and extent. We hypothesized that concentric & eccentric LVH would be associated with highest biomarker levels; presence of both LVH and higher biomarker levels would indicate high HF risk. Methods and Results: We evaluated 2,425 Framingham Study participants free of HF (57% women, mean age 58 years) attending a routine examination, with available biomarker and echocardiographic measurements. We defined 4 LVH patterns: a. normal (normal LVM and Relative Wall Thickness [RWT]); b. concentric remodeling (normal LVM, elevated RWT); c. eccentric hypertrophy (elevated LVM, normal RWT); and d. concentric hypertrophy (elevated LVM and RWT). Adjusting for age & sex, biomarker levels (except BNP) increased sequentially across LVH patterns a-d ( Figure ). BNP levels were lowest in concentric remodeling and highest in eccentric LVH. In multivariable models, all biomarkers were associated with incident HF (106 cases, 12 yrs follow-up). We observed a significant interaction only between BNP and LVM (p=0.02). In stratified analyses, higher LVM was associated with incident HF in both BNP strata (Hazard Ratios [HR] per SD increase in LVM = 2.24 [ Conclusions: In our large community-based sample, cardiac stress biomarker levels varied by LVH pattern. Contrary to our hypothesis, BNP levels were more strongly associated with HF in individuals with lesser degree of LVH.
Probability measures on metrizable spaces

Unless otherwise indicated, in this chapter X is a metrizable topological space, and P (X) (or simply P) is the set of all probability measures on the Borel sets B of X. As usual, C b (X) denotes the Banach lattice of all bounded continuous real functions on X. The reason we focus on probability measures is that every finite measure is the difference of measures each of which is a nonnegative multiple of a probability measure. That is, the probability measures span the space of all signed measures of bounded variation.
Chapter 2 Correlated light and electron microscopy/electron tomography of mitochondria in situ.

Three-dimensional light microscopy and three-dimensional electron microscopy (electron tomography) separately provide very powerful tools to study cellular structure and physiology, including the structure and physiology of mitochondria. Fluorescence microscopy allows one to study processes in live cells with specific labels and stains that follow the movement of labeled proteins and changes within cellular compartments but does not have sufficient resolution to define the ultrastructure of intracellular organelles such as mitochondria. Electron microscopy and electron tomography provide the highest resolution currently available to study mitochondrial ultrastructure but cannot follow processes in living cells. We describe the combination of these two techniques in which fluorescence confocal microscopy is used to study structural and physiologic changes in mitochondria within apoptotic HeLa cells to define the apoptotic timeframe. Cells can then be selected at various stages of the apoptotic timeframe for examination at higher resolution by electron microscopy and electron tomography. This is a form of “virtual” 4-dimensional electron microscopy that has revealed interesting structural changes in the mitochondria of HeLa cells during apoptosis. The same techniques can be applied, with modification, to study other dynamic processes within cells in other experimental contexts.
Behavioural economics, consumption and environmental protection

Behavioral economists have shown that consumers may disregard the long-term, display unrealistic optimism, ignore shrouded attributes, procrastinate, make mistaken judgments about probability, and suffer from “internalities,” which occur when people make decisions that hurt their future selves. Moreover, choice architecture, understood as the social background, is always present, and it can have major consequences for both consumption decisions and environmental outcomes. Small changes in the underlying architecture may have a large impact on consumer behavior, potentially even larger than that of significant economic incentives. Such changes may involve disclosure, warnings, default rules, increased salience, and use of social norms. In the domain of environmental protection, non-price interventions, preserving freedom of choice, have considerable potential.
A Case of Membership Categorization: The ‘Korean Male’

Studies employing MCA often explore how people claim membership or non-membership in specific categories. Bateman (2012), for example, examines children’s use of collective pro-terms in establishing and protecting exclusive dyadic friendships. Lerner and Kitzinger (2007), focusing on repair of self-references, found that speakers switched the reference form from individual (e.g., ‘I’) to collective (e.g., ‘we’) when aggregating themselves to the collectivity; they changed the reference form from collective to individual when extracting themselves from the collectivity.
Parental Privacy Invasion, Family Communication Patterns, and Perceived Ownership of Private Information

Communication privacy management (CPM) theory guides the current study of parents’ self-reported privacy invasion behaviors. Participants (N = 113) completed measures of their general privacy invasion behaviors, their perceptions of ownership, and their family communication patterns. Results indicate that parents’ privacy invasion behaviors are positively associated with perceived ownership of emerging adults’ private information and conformity orientation. Moreover, perceived ownership mediated the association between conformity orientation and privacy invasion. Conversation orientation, however, was not significantly associated with privacy invasion. The current study supports and extends CPM.
Inhibition of Rauscher murine leukemia virus growth in vitro by actinomycin D

Abstract The growth of Rauscher murine leukemia virus was studied in vitro by measuring incorporation of uridine-3H into purified virus. Labeled virus could be recovered from infected cell cultures 2 hours after adding the nucleoside precursor. Virus labeling was prevented by 0.5 μg of actinomycin D per milliliter, but not by inhibitors of cellular DNA synthesis. These results extend the similarities between the murine and avian RNA tumor viruses. 70 S viral RNA was prepared in good yield from purified labeled virus by exposure to 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Training Teamwork Skills Using MMORPGs

Many researchers speculated that Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) could create a problem-based learning environment for students to learn teamwork skills. In this study, a highly interactive MMORPG, World of War craft (WoW) was adopted and one-group pretest posttest experiment was designed to answer two questions: (a) Do studentsi¦ teamwork skills enhance through team playing in WoW? (b) Do training outcomes vary by the roles that students play in the game? (c) Are training outcomes related to the degree of the flow experience the students have? Unfortunately, the experimental results did not support that WoW is effective in training teamwork skills.
Benzo(a)pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthrecene differentially affect bone marrow cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental contaminants that are carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) are two prototypic PAHs known to impair the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. We have previously shown that, in C57BL/6J mice, total bone marrow (BM) cellularity decreased two-fold following intraperitoneal DMBA treatment but not BP treatment. Here, we have used flow cytometry to demonstrate that BP and DMBA differentially alter the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Following DMBA treatment, the pro/pre B-lymphocytes (B220(lo)/IgM(-)) and the immature B-lymphocytes (B220(lo)/IgM(+)) significantly decreased, while the mature B-lymphocytes (B220(hi)/IgM(+)) remained unaffected. In contrast, BP treatment decreased the pro/pre B-lymphocytes, and did not affect the immature B-lymphocytes or mature B-lymphocytes. The Gr-1(+) cells of the myeloid lineage were depleted 50% following DMBA treatment and only minimally depleted following BP treatment. Interestingly, the monocytes (7/4(+)1A8(lo)) and neutrophils (7/4(+)1A8(hi)) within this Gr-1(+) population were differentially affected by these PAHs. Monocytes and neutrophils were depleted following DMBA treatment whereas neutrophils decreased and monocytes increased following BP treatment. Although TNFalpha and CYP1B1 are implicated as essential mediators of hypocellularity, the similar induction of TNFalpha mRNA and CYP1B1 mRNA in the BM by BP and DMBA suggests that they are not limiting factors in mediating the different effects of these PAHs. Given that similar amounts of BP and DMBA reach the BM when administered intraperitoneally, their differential effects on the lymphoid and myeloid lineages probably stem from differences in reactive metabolites such as PAH quinones and PAH-dihydrodiol-epoxides.
In vitro hexosamine depletion of intact articular cartilage by e-prostaglandins

Short-term incubations of intact canine articular cartilage slices with prostaglandins E1 and E2 caused significant losses of hexosamine from cartilage matrix compared to controls. Chloroquine, an inhibitor of DNA primer, prevented this prostaglandin-induced hexosamine depletion. These data suggest that E-prostaglandins may degrade articular cartilage directly through DNA-dependent RNA synthesis of cathepsin-like proteases. Catabolism of articular cartilage probably involves degradation of existing matrix in addition to inhibition of synthesis.
Radical yields in irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres

Abstract The formation of free radicals and their subsequent decay in irradiated polyethylene terephthalate monofilaments was studied by e.s.r. under a variety of conditions. A yield of 0.023 radicals per 100 eV was found, in agreement with the literature values. Reduced values were found in the presence of water, methylene chloride and chlorine. The decay followed a two-stage second order pattern presumably due to radicals in the crystalline and amorphous regions. At −196°C, G values of 0.7 of trapped electrons were found, rapidly decaying as the temperature was raised. At about −135°C the signal changed to the characteristic signal found at room temperature with a G value of 0.42. On adding methylene chloride to irradiated PET, comparatively rapid decay of the trapped radicals took place, the rate corresponding closely to the rate of sorption of the methylene chloride into the monofilaments. This indicated very rapid decay even from the crystalline regions, once the solvent is present. A number of other observations are presented and interpreted in relation to, for example, the radiation grafting yields in the presence of solvents.
Evaluating open source GIS for libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of free and open source (FOSS) geographic information system (GIS) software within the broader contexts of the open source software movement and developments in GIS, and pose the question of whether libraries and academic departments should consider adopting FOSS GIS.Design/methodology/approach – The process of creating a basic thematic map was used to test six FOSS GIS software packages, as it is a multi‐step process and a good example of a common task GIS users would want to perform. The test demonstrates what the process of creating a thematic map using FOSS GIS involves and how it compares to proprietary software like ArcGIS.Findings – Each of the individual FOSS GIS packages had their own particular strengths and weaknesses and some performed well for thematic mapping. The FOSS packages generally were weaker compared to ArcGIS in terms of support for various projection and coordinate systems, joining attribute data to GIS files, and automa...
Intervertebral Disc Residual and Equilibrium Viscoelastic Parameters Specific to Location and Degeneration Severity

Chronic low back pain affects an estimated 15–65% of the U.S. population. Disc degeneration is often accredited as the origin of low back pain. With degeneration comes the breakdown of proteoglycans, loss of water content, and a decrease in the height of the intervertebral disc (IVD). These changes likely affect the disc’s viscoelastic response, making modeling and subsequent prediction of degeneration mechanics difficult. Unfortunately, much of the previous mechanical testing of IVD tissues has involved excision of the tissue and disruption of annular fibers. To gain insight into the in situ viscoelastic material properties, we have developed a new methodology of hybrid confined / in situ compression. This technique also allows for the quantification of the residual stress and strain that the IVD experiences in vivo and improved viscoelastic modeling parameters. Residual measurements, to the knowledge of the authors, have yet to be reported in previous studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to define the viscoelastic properties of the intact intervertebral disc as well as the residual stress/strain specific to degeneration grade and location.© 2010 ASME
B lymphocyte recognition of the self antigen mouse cytochrome C in different mouse strains: targeting of the same dominant epitope by naturally-occurring cells expressing distinct VH genes.

Previously we reported that, early in the antibody response of BALB/c mice to several cytochromes c (CYT) coupled to ovalbumin (OVA), B cells responding to the self antigen mouse CYT recognized a single site on mouse CYT and were in much higher frequency than B cells responding to foreign CYT. In the present study these B cells were shown by in vitro activation of primary splenocytes to be present in naive BALB/c mice, i.e. prior to exposure to exogenous CYT. The higher frequency of B cells responsive to self versus foreign CYT was also shown in this study to occur in the early antibody response to CYT-OVA in C57BL/6 mice. The same dominant site was recognized in BALB/c mice (IgHa), C57BL/6 mice (IgHb) and the congenic strains BC-17 (IgHa on the C57BL/6 background) and CB-20 (IgHb on the BALB/c background). However, anti-mouse CYT mAbs produced in IgHb mice were shown to derive from the VH gene 5.54.4 while mAbs in IgHa mice derive from the VH gene 19.1.2. The polypeptides encoded by these VH genes, which differ by only five amino acid residues, paired with polypeptides encoded by the same Vk genes (R9 and 2G5). In both VH 19.1.2- and VH 5.54.4-derived mAbs H3 and the Vk-Jk join were variable. The affinity for mouse CYT was reduced in the VH gene 5.54.4-derived mAb due to a faster off-rate constant. This difference in affinity may relate to the lower frequency of B cells responding to mouse CYT in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice. The results show that naturally-occurring CYT-specific autoreactive B cells occur normally in more than one mouse strain and that self antigen recognition by those cells appears to be atypical involving mostly the immunoglobulin V gene-encoded segments.
An 80/100MS/s 76.3/70.1dB SNDR /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADC for Digital TV Receivers

A 4th-order SC DeltaSigma modulator with a 4b quantizer is designed for a low-power direct-conversion receiver SoC for Japanese ISDB-T and European DVB-T. It achieves a 76.3/70.1dB SNDR over a 3.2/4MHz bandwidth with a clock frequency of 80/100MHz. The 1.7mm2 chip, fabricated in a 0.18mum CMOS process draws 13.2/19.1mA from a 1.8V supply. It has a FOM of 0.7/1.64pJ/conversion
Optical properties of a near- axis tilt grain boundary in

The electronic structure and the optical properties of a near-611 grain boundary in -Al2O3 are studied by means of first-principles calculations based on a structural model constructed by Kenway. Results on the orbital-resolved partial density of states are presented for the grain boundary model and also for a perfect bulk supercell model containing the same number of atoms. An effective-charge calculation indicates an increased ionic character for atoms in the grain boundary region which is attributed to the distorted bonding pattern and a decrease in coordination number. The calculated optical properties show very similar results for the grain boundary model and the bulk supercell model. The electron energy-loss spectra are consistent with the recent experimental data on the near-611 grain boundary obtained by spatially resolved valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy.
Gender Differences in Attitudes to Death among a Group of Public Health Students

This study indicates that there are significant differences between males and females regarding the perception of death and death-related issues. The implications of these findings are analyzed in terms of death education courses as well as death-related counseling. These results also suggest that the very process of dying may be differentially experienced by males and females.
Globular clusters in Virgo ellipticals: unexpected results for giants and dwarfs from advanced camera for surveys imaging

We have analyzed archival Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys images in g and z of the globular cluster (GC) systems of 53 ellipticals in the Virgo Cluster, spanning massive galaxies to dwarf ellipticals (dEs). Several new results emerged. (1) In the giant ellipticals (gEs) M87 and NGC 4649, there is a correlation between luminosity and color for individual blue (metal-poor) GCs, such that more massive GCs are more red (metal-rich). A plausible interpretation of this result is self-enrichment, and a speculative suggestion is that these GCs once possessed dark matter halos. (2) The dispersion in color is nearly twice as large for the metal-rich GCs as for the metal-poor GCs. However, there is evidence for a nonlinear relation between g - z and metallicity, and the dispersion in metallicity may be the same for both subpopulations. (3) Very luminous, intermediate-color GCs are common in gEs. These objects may be remnants of many stripped dwarfs, analogs of ω Cen in the Galaxy. (4) There is a continuity of GC system colors from gEs to some dEs; in particular, many dEs have metal-rich GC subpopulations. We also confirm the GC color-galaxy luminosity relations found previously for both metal-poor and metal-rich GC subpopulations. (5) There are large differences in GC specific frequency among dEs, independent of the presence of a nucleus and the fraction of metal-rich GCs. Over -15 < MB < -18 we find little correlation between specific frequency and MB. But we do find evidence for two separate SN classes of dEs: those with B-band SN ~ 2 and those with populous GC systems that have SN ranging from ~5 to 20 with median SN ~ 10. Together, these points suggest multiple formation channels for dEs in the Virgo Cluster. (6) The peak of the GC luminosity function (GCLF) is the same for both gEs and dEs. This is contrary to expectations of dynamical friction on massive GCs, unless the primordial GCLF varies between gEs and dEs. Among gEs the GCLF turnover varies by a surprisingly small 0.05 mag, an encouraging result for its use as an accurate standard candle.
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF BUILDINGS

SUMMARY A methodology was presented by the author in a previous paper for the development of design criteria for buildings. This methodology was based on the principles of structural reliability and structural dynamics. This paper illustrates how many elements of this methodology have been implemented and extended to develop design criteria for reinforced concrete and steel buildings by special blue ribbon committees selected by the City of Los Angeles Building Department. This paper presents the design criteria developed by these committees and discusses some of the more contentious issues. Reinforced concrete buildings built prior to 1976 have performed very poorly in recent earthquakes. They can certainly be identified as having a special life safety concern in the event of the occurrence of a major earthquake. This concern is not recent. Perhaps the first clear documentation of this concern was the proposed new design approach presented in the book entitled Reinforced Concrete Design Book by Blume, Newmark and Corning published in the early 1960s. Since one generation of structural engineers has been educated since the publication of this book and since numerous failures and near collapses of reinforced concrete frame buildings occurred during the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes, now is the time to take action. The building department of the City of Los Angeles has on numerous occasions been a leader in design criteria development. Consistent with this past tradition of excellence the city formed a special committee of structural engineers to document damage to concrete buildings during the Northridge earthquake and also to advise them on courses of action. Design criteria for the seismic rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings located in the City of Los Angeles were developed by the members of this committee. The acknowledgement section of this paper identifies the committee. This draft was based on and extended the methodology presented in a 1992 The Masonry Society Journal paper entitled ‘A philosophy of a reliability based limit state design approach’. The author as a member of this committee was asked to write the first draft for these new seismic rehabilitation criteria. The new design criteria were entitled ‘Evaluation and rehabilitation criteria for concrete structures’ and were approved by the committee in June 1994. The 1994 Northridge earthquake also presented structural engineers with an unexpected new class of hazardous existing buildings. These buildings are defined as ‘special moment resisting
Effect of trap height and within‐planting location on captures of cranberry fruitworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in highbush blueberries

1 Winged traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone lures [(E,Z)-8,10-pentadecadien-1-ol and (E)-9-pentadecen-1-ol acetate] were evaluated for their effectiveness in monitoring cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii Riley, in highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., plantings. Trap effectiveness was compared at different heights within the bush canopy and different locations within plantings. 2 In our trap height study, three positions were evaluated: (i) at the top of bush canopy (15 cm below the uppermost branch); (ii) centrally within bush canopy (60 cm below the uppermost branch); and (iii) at the bottom of the bush, 20 cm above ground level. Traps placed 15 and 60 cm below the uppermost branch captured significantly more male moths compared with traps placed 20 cm above ground level at two organic sites. 3 In our trap location study, four treatments were evaluated based on trap location relative to adjacent woodlands: (i) in trees within 1 m of the woodland boundary; (ii) in blueberry bushes adjacent to woodlands, 15 m from the woodland boundary; (iii) in blueberry bushes in the centre of the planting, 75 m from the woodland boundary; and (iv) in blueberry bushes furthest away from woodlands, 150 m from the woodland boundary. Traps located within 1 m of woodland boundary captured significantly more male moths compared with traps located centrally (15 and 75 m) within plantings.
Successful management of intracardiac extension of tumor thrombus in a patient with advanced nonseminomatous germ cell testicular cancer

A young patient with testicular germ cell tumor presenting with inferior vena cava thrombus extending into the right heart with free-floating thrombus in the right ventricle and a simultaneous epidural spinal cord compression is presented. Due to the perceived high risk of embolization and the urgent need to begin systemic chemotherapy, he was managed with tumor thrombectomy utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest followed shortly thereafter by systemic chemotherapy. There were no perioperative complications, and he is alive and without recurrence 24 months following four cycles of systemic chemotherapy.
Architecture for a massively parallel database machine

Abstract The linear-throughout Semantic Database Machine (LSDM) is an attempt to bring a massively parallel database machine closer to realization. The primary approach undertaken is to alleviate the traditional processor/disk split which leads to inefficiency by building a more homogeneous database system in which processors and disks are combined together. The LSDM is based on a distributed system of many processors, most of them equipped with a local cache memory and a small disk drive. The individual processors are connected by means of a hypercube network topology. The database model employed for the proposed database computer is the Semantic Binary Model.
Complicated Spiritual Grief I: Relation to Complicated Grief Symptomatology Following Violent Death Bereavement

Losing a loved one to violent death has been associated with poor mental health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and complicated grief (CG), a protracted, debilitating, and sometimes life-threatening reaction to loss. In addition, recent research suggests that traumatic loss can violate mourners' basic assumptive worldviews, and can precipitate a spiritual crisis following loss, also known as complicated spiritual grief (CSG). The present cross-sectional study investigated these multidimensional outcomes in a diverse sample of 150 grievers. The authors found that (a) violently bereaved individuals reported greater CG and CSG than did individuals bereaved by natural death; (b) CG and CSG were correlated across the larger sample, and yet are theoretically different constructs; and (c) specific cause of death (natural anticipated, natural sudden, homicide, suicide, or fatal accident) differentially predicted levels of CG and CSG. Implications of these findings for a clearer unde...
Geochemical evidence for formation of the Bay of Islands ophiolite above a subduction zone

THE Bay of Islands (BOI) complex in western Newfoundland is one of the world's best-known ophiolites, and has generally been interpreted as a fragment of ocean floor emplaced on the eastern margin of North America1,2. The similarities of the BOI to litho-sphere formed at mid-ocean ridges has led many investigators to use the BOI as an onland laboratory in which to study the geochemical, tectonic and geophysical properties of the oceanic lithosphere1–9. There have been, nonetheless, a few suggestions that the BOI ophiolite formed above a subduction zone10–12, as have most other ophiolites13–15. Here I report the existence of a substantial tantalum depletion in BOI magmas; Jenner et al.16 demonstrate that BOI magmas have a niobium depletion as well. These depletions are characteristic of magmas erupted above subduction zones but not at mid-ocean ridges, indicating that the BOI is not, after all, a good analogue for lithosphere formed at mid-ocean ridges.
The assessment and treatment of nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty.

Nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty is disheartening for both the patient and the rhinoplasty surgeon. The surgeon must reassess the history of symptoms and physical attributes contributing to nasal airway narrowing. The patient’s expectations from surgery must also be discussed. Early nasal complaints are often related to postoperative edema and sinonasal mucosal disease that was present preoperatively. The development of complaints later in the postoperative course, even months to years later, is usually related to mucosal disease or anatomic problems. Physical attributes thatwerepresentbutunrecognizedpreoperativelymay contribute to postoperative complications and complaints of obstruction. The goal is total management of mucosal and anatomic contributors to nasal obstruction. This article describes various causes of nasal obstruction so as to provide the rhinoplasty surgeon with the background needed to enhance preoperative evaluations and avoid future surgical complications. Evaluation and contributors to mucosal disease Evaluation for nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty begins with a review of the character of the complaints. The timing, character, and severity of nasal symptoms and their alleviating or exacerbating factors are assessed. Complaints of nasal obstruction that are fixed and continuous are probably anatomyrelated problems. Early in the postoperative period, the patient is reassured that postsurgical edema will resolve and can be treated expectantly. Alternating, intermittent, or changing nasal congestion accompanied by rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, and facial pressure guide the physician to explore a diagnosis of mucosal disease and medically treatable reasons for nasal obstruction. The patient must understand that septorhinoplasty surgery will not alleviate nasal complaints related to sinonasal mucosal problems. If the diagnosis of mucosal disease is suspected postoperatively, a review of the patient’s medical history guides appropriate management of complaints of nasal obstruction. The presence of nasal complaints before surgery is assessed. Seasonal or situational
Sympathetic activation of cat spinal neurons responsive to noxious stimulation of deep tissues in the low back

Prior findings from diverse studies have indicated that activity in axons located in the lumbar sympathetic chains contributes to the activation of spinal pain pathways and to low back pain; these studies have utilized sympathetic blocks in patients, electrical stimulation of the chain in conscious humans, and neuroanatomical mapping of afferent fiber projections. In the present study, dorsal horn neurons receiving nociceptor input from lumbar paraspinal tissues were tested for activation by electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain in anesthetized cats. Of 83 neurons tested, 70% were responsive to sympathetic trunk stimulation. Excitatory responses, observed in both nociceptive specific and wide-dynamic-range neurons, were differentiable into two classes: non-entrained and entrained responses. Non-entrained responses were attenuated or blocked by systemic administration of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine and are thought to result from sympathetic efferent activation of primary afferents in the units' receptive fields. Entrained responses were unaffected by phentolamine and are thought to result from electrical activation of somatic and/or visceral afferent fibers ascending through the sympathetic trunk into the dorsal horn. These findings from nocireceptive neurons serving lumbar paraspinal tissues suggest that low back pain may be exacerbated by activity in both efferent and afferent fibers located in the lumbar sympathetic chain, the efferent actions being mediated indirectly through sympathetic-sensory interactions in somatic and/or visceral tissues.
Correlates and Predictors of Women's Mathematics Participation.

Women have traditionally avoided the study of mathematics. This avoidance has contributed to women's low representation in scientific and technical fields. Reviews by Fox (1977) and Fennema (1977) attempted to identify the numerous cognitive, social, educational, and cultural factors that previous studies indicated may be affecting women's avoidance of mathematics. Although certain categories of variables emerged in these reviews as possible factors, the results were frequently inconclusive due to small sample sizes or because only a few of the possible factors affecting participation were included in each study. The study reported here was a national survey designed to identify the relative importance of the many factors that may be affecting women's participation in mathematics. A national survey of high school seniors provided a large sample for statistical comparisons as well as a vehicle to include measures of most of the factors thought to be affecting women's choice not to pursue mathematics. Study variables were correlated with participation, and regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictive models for participation. Survey results were intended for use in suggesting intervention programs aimed at increasing women's equity in mathematics.
EFFECTS OF AGEING ON LOCAL RATES OF CEREBRAL GLUCOSE UTILIZATION IN THE RAT

The effects of ageing on local rates of glucose utilization in 47 brain structures in resting conscious rats have been examined. Three age groups have been studied: young adult (4 to 6 months), middle-aged (14 to 16 months), and aged (26 to 36 months). The results show that ageing per se is associated with decreases in rates of glucose utilization in specific brain regions. The decreases were not progressive with age, probably because of the influence of a survival effect. Age-related pathological changes are known to occur in some of the brain structures in which decreases in rates of glucose utilization were found. Selective decreases were also found in the caudate-putamen, the parietal cortex and in structures associated with vision and audition. In these latter structures the changes may reflect reductions in local functional activity, perhaps due to decreased sensory input from the primary sensory organs.
Hydrogen Stretching Vibrational Circular Dichroism in Methyl Lactate and Related Molecules

The CH- and OH-stretching vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of methyl lactate and related molecules in CCl4 solution have been investigated to identify solution conformations and establish a correlation between OH- and methine-stretching VCD intensity and molecular structure. Deuterium substitution was used when possible to remove overlapping absorption features in the CH-stretching region. Anisotropy ratios between +2.1 × 10-4 and +2.8 × 10-4 were measured for the methine-stretching VCD of the molecules with both α-oxy and α-CO substituents: (S)-methyl-d3 lactate, (S)-methyl-d3 2-(methoxy-d3)-propionate, di(methyl-d3) d-tartrate, (S)-methyl-d3 mandelate, (S)-methyl-d3 O-(acetyl-d3)-mandelate, and (S)-benzoin. The methine-stretching VCD intensity serves as a marker for both absolute configuration and solution conformation in these molecules, as previously demonstrated for amino acids and peptides. In (S)-methyl 2-chloropropionate, (R)-methyl 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, and (S)-methyl 3-hydro...
Pulmonary function studies in healthy Filipino adults residing in the United States

Abstract Background: Differences in lung volumes among various ethnic groups are known to occur; however, this has not been studied in Filipinos. Objective: We sought to assess pulmonary function in healthy, nonsmoking Filipinos residing in the United States compared with standards for white subjects. Methods: Healthy adult Filipinos, age 18 years or greater, were recruited. All subjects were screened with health questionnaires to exclude those with cardiopulmonary disease. Pulmonary function tests were performed by using forced expiratory maneuvers. Values for FEV 1 , forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1 /FVC, forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC, and peak expiratory flow rate were compared with predicted values for white subjects (ie, without a racial adjustment). Results: Two hundred twenty-four healthy subjects (121 men and 103 women) completed the study. The group means (as a percentage of the predicted standard for white subjects) were as follows: FEV 1 , 86%; FVC, 84%; FEV 1 /FVC, 103%; forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of FVC, 96%; and peak expiratory flow rate, 107%. These findings are very similar to those for African Americans and other Asians. Conclusion: We conclude that it is appropriate to use an 85% racial adjustment for FEV 1 and FVC when interpreting pulmonary function test results in Filipinos. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:338-40.)
Relative importance of criteria in multiobjective programming: A cone-based approach

Abstract This article develops a convex polyhedral cone-based preference modeling framework for decision making with multiple criteria which extends the classical notion of Pareto optimality and accounts for relative importance of the criteria. The decision maker’s perception of the relative importance is quantified by an allowable tradeoffs between two objectives representing the maximum allowable amount of decay of a less important objective per one unit of improvement of a more important objective. Two cone-based models of relative importance are developed. In the first model, one criterion is designated as less important while all the others are more important. In the second model, more than one criterion may be classified as less important while all the others are considered more important. Complete algebraic characterization of the models is derived and the relationship between them and the classical Pareto preference is examined. Their relevance to decision making is discussed.
The sensory systems and feeding behavior of leafhoppers. I. The aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons stål (homoptera, cicadellidae).

The ultrastructure of the sensilla, and other structures, within the stylets and precibarium of Macrosteles fascifrons were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Precibarium is a new term, defined here, for the canal that precedes the cibarium inside the leafhopper head. Within the precibarium are found 20 chemosensilla and a previously undescribed structure, the precibarial valve. Twelve mechanosensilla, three in each stylet, are found within the maxillary and mandibular stylets. The relationship between all of these structures and feeding by the insect is detailed in a feeding mechanism hypothesis. It is concluded that leafhoppers (and probably all homopterans) utilize the precibarial chemosensilla alone for gustatory discrimination, the stylet sensilla for proprioception, and the precibarial valve for regulation of fluid uptake and compartmentalization of the sensilla.
Exploiting bank locality in multi-bank memories

Bank locality can be defined as localizing the number of load/store accesses to a small set of memory banks at a given time. An optimizing compiler can modify a given input code to improve its bank locality. There are several practical advantages of enhancing bank locality, the most important of which is reduced memory energy consumption. Recent trends indicate that energy consumption is fast becoming a first-order design parameter as processor-based systems continue to become more complex and multi-functional. Off-chip memory energy consumption in particular can be a limiting factor in many embedded system designs. This paper presents a novel compiler-based strategy for maximizing the benefits of low-power operating modes available in some recent DRAM-based multi-bank memory systems. In this strategy, the compiler uses linear algebra to represent and optimize bank locality in a mathematical framework. We discuss that exploiting bank locality can be cast as loop (iteration space) and array layout (data space) transformations. We also present experimental data showing the effectiveness of our optimization strategy. Our results show that exploiting bank locality can result in large energy savings.