cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A THEOLOGY FOR EVOLUTION: HAUGHT, TEILHARD, AND TILLICH

Abstract. Paul Tillich and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin both have made contributions to a theology of evolution. In a 2002 essay John Haught expresses doubt that Tilllich's rather classical theology of “being” is radical enough to account for the “becoming” of evolution. Tillich's ontology of being includes the polarity of form and dynamics. Dynamics is the potentiality of being, that is, becoming. Tillich's dynamic dialectic of being and nonbeing is a more descriptive metaphor for the five mass extinctions of evolutionary history than Teilhard's progress. This dialectic is also a more realistic description of cosmic evolution. Tillich's “Kingdom of God” within history as well as “the End of History,” in contrast to Teilhard's Omega Point, does not appear to contradict the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which predicts that the universe will ultimately disintegrate. Haught's contrast/contact modes of relating science and religion would regard Teilhard's Omega Point as an expression of spiritual hope and purpose rather than a scientifically verifiable principle. The contrast/ contact position is consonant with Tillich's description of religion as part of the vertical dimension of ultimate concern and science as part of the horizontal dimension of relationships between finite objects. Tillich did not share Teilhard's optimistic vision of the future.
Plant based products: Use and development as repellents against mosquitoes: A review

Global warming and deforestation have resulted in the relocation of many living creatures including insects during the recent years. This has affected the population balance of disease vectors including mosquitoes resulting in outbreaks. Traditionally, mankind has been using plants as means of protection from the mosquitoes which are considered to be environment friendly unlike the synthetic chemicals that cause major risk to human health and the ecosystem. Researchers explored mainly, essential oils and traditional plants using different testing methodologies to find out repellent molecules effective against mosquitoes which is the main focus of this review. Among the promising plant species, Eucalyptus spp., Ocimum spp. and Cymbopogon spp. are the most cited. Data of repellency produced from the bioassay systems is difficult to quantify because of different parameters, testing system and standards of material used against mosquitoes. Mainly, the human forearm based bioassays have been used with different sizes of treatment area in the laboratory and the results have not been tested in the field conditions for residual activity. In addition, effectiveness of essential oils and their protection time can be increased by using vanillin as synergist and formulation techniques like microencapsulation and nanoemulsion. There is a need to develop an alternate in vitro bioassay system that can address the problems of uniformity of the results.
The total electrostatic potential in a gramicidin channel

This paper describes a parameter free model of the electrostatic structure of gramicidin channels incorporated into uncharged lipid bilayer membranes. The electrical potential due to all sources is calculated for singly and doubly occupied channels. The model is consistent with all channel properties that are elearly dependent on coulombic interactions. The calculated value of the translocation rate constant and of the binding constant ratio for single and double occupancy are in excellent accord with experiment.
Anomie and level of suicidality in individuals.

The empirical relationship between anomie and suicidal individuals is largely overlooked by sociologists and psychologists. This article reports on whether (a) suicidal individuals are anomic and (...
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Intravenous Iron and Vitamin D

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among chronic kidney disease patients (CKD). The etiology of CVD in CKD is multifactorial and increasing evidence points to the important contribution of “nontraditional” risk factors including oxidative stress and inflammation. CKD is associated with a chronic imbalance of prooxidant and antioxidant factors that results in a state of chronic inflammation. Intravenous iron supplementation has been shown to induce oxidative stress and has been associated with lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Conversely, treatment with vitamin D analogs has been associated with improved mortality in hemodialysis patients in 2 recent large cohort studies. These data suggest that vitamin D analogs may exert effects beyond their pharmacologic role in parathyroid hormone suppression. This article addresses the current data regarding the relative contributions of intravenous iron supplementation and vitamin D analog therapy on oxidative stress and inflammation in CKD p...
Thinking and poetry: Heidegger and literary criticism

(1988). Thinking and poetry: Heidegger and literary criticism. Studia Neophilologica: Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 207-214.
Time resolved Kerr microscopy: Magnetization dynamics in thin film write heads

We have used a scanning Kerr microscope set-up with picosecond time resolution and sub-micron spatial resolution to directly measure the flux response in magnetic recording heads. The data rate limiting factor of a write head, which is the flux rise time at the gap, has been measured for different geometries and head materials in polar Kerr mode. Flux propagation in the yoke, which is governed by a combination of wall displacement and magnetization rotation, has been studied by one dimensional and two dimensional time response measurements utilizing the longitudinal Kerr effect. The local flux time response in the head was correlated to the respective micromagnetic structure as determined by static wide-field Kerr imaging. In addition to the intrinsic magnetic properties we have also studied the flux time response by looking at the system properties of the head/write-electronic and, by using a voltage source for excitation, information about classical eddy-current effects for different pole geometries have been derived. Further, non-stationary effects in the flux reversal process are shown to produce non-linearities in the response at the write gap which are contributing to non-linear transition shift in the write process.
Delivering high quality/low-cost products to the consumer and profits to the shareholders: can it be done in the e-commerce environment?

Mounting pressures from industrial consumers to meet their constantly changing demands for products has impacted the ever-shortened life cycle in the e-business environment. As more e-businesses go online with the support from venture capitalists wanting a return on their investment in short order, can the traditional business/management model support these constraints posed by this business evolution? Balancing quality, costs, delivery, and staying economically viable and profitable may only be a reality for a small few. This exploratory study will build a theoretical framework supported by qualitative and quantitative models to reshape the technology management practices of the future.
Uncertainties in Oceanic Radar Rain Maps at Kwajalein and Implications for Satellite Validation

The Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) ground validation radar has provided a multiyear three-dimensional radar dataset at an oceanic site. Extensive rain gauge networks are not feasible over the ocean and, hence, are not available to aid in calibrating the radar or determining a conversion from reflectivity to rain rate. This paper describes methods used to ensure the calibration and allow the computation of quantitative rain maps from the radar data without the aid of rain gauges. Calibration adjustments are made by comparison with the TRMM satelliteborne precipitation radar. The additional steps required to convert the calibrated reflectivity to rain maps are the following: correction for the vertical profile of reflectivity below the lowest elevation angle using climatological convective and stratiform reflectivity profiles; conversion of reflectivity ( Z) to rain rate (R) with a relationship based on disdrometer data collected at Kwajalein, and a gap-filling estimate. The time series of rain maps computed by these procedures include low, best, and high estimates to frame the estimated overall uncertainty in the radar rain estimation. The greatest uncertainty of the rain maps lies in the calibration of the radar (630%). The estimation of the low-altitude vertical profile of reflectivity is also a major uncertainty ( 615%). The Z‐R and data-gap uncertainties are relatively minor (65% or less). These uncertainties help to prioritize the issues that need to be addressed to improve quantitative rainfall mapping over the ocean and provide useful bounds when comparing radar-derived rain estimates with other remotely sensed measures of oceanic rain (such as from satellite passive microwave sensors).
Usefulness of urinary gonadotropin measurements to assess luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) responsiveness in hypogonadotropic states.

Multiple blood sampling techniques and short-term, timed urine collections were employed before and after luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) administration to 51 individuals on 58 occasions. Correlation of blood and urine per cent responses to LRF were significant for LH (P <.05) and FSH (P <.001), indicating that urine measurements provide an adequate means of assessing response to LRF. In 7 patients with basal blood gonadotropin levels below assay sensitivity, urine measurements provided the only means of accurately determining a response to LRF. Per cent response to LRF was negatively correlated with basal LH levels in the urine (P <.02) but not in the blood. A significant negative correlation between basal levels and per cent response was demonstrated for FSH in blood and urine (P <.01). Accurate measurement of basal gonadotropins and the expression of LRF responses as per cent increments aided in distinguishing between patients with hypothalamic and pituitary diseases. A marked response to LR...
LPP, a LIM protein highly expressed in smooth muscle

An 80-kDa protein, prominently expressed in smooth muscle, was microsequenced and identified as LPP, the product of the lipoma-preferred partner gene (Petit MMR, Mols R, Schoenmakers EFPM, Mandahl ...
Severe Preeclampsia-Maternal and Fetal Outcome

Ninety patients with severe preeclampsia were reviewed. There was one maternal mortality and two patients who developed pulmonary edema. The corrected perinatal mortality rate was 143/1000. Epidura...
Aspirin—A National Survey V: Determination of Aspirin and Impurities in Enteric Coated Tablets and Suppository Formulations and In Vitro Dissolution of Enteric Coated Tablets

The results of a national survey on the quality of enteric coated aspirin tablets and aspirin suppositories are presented. The tablets were analyzed for strength, salicylic acid content, in vitro dissolution rate, and related aspirin impurities. The suppositories were analyzed for strength and salicylic acid content. The methods of analysis and validation of data are also presented.
Upgrading the TFTR Transrex power supplies

In order to provide improved and expanded experimental capabilities, the existing Transrex power supplies at PPPL are to be upgraded and modernized. Each of the 39 power supplies consists of two six pulse silicon controlled rectifier sections forming a twelve pulse power supply. The first modification is to split each supply into two independent six pulse supplies by replacing the existing obsolete twelve pulse firing generator with two commercially available six pulse firing generators. The second change replaces the existing control link with a faster system, with greater capacity, which will allow for independent control of all 78 power supply sections. The third change replaces the existing Computer Automated Measurement and Control (CAMAC) based fault detector with an Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) compatible unit, eliminating the obsolete CAMAC modules. Finally the remaining relay logic and interfaces to the “Hardwired Control System” will be replaces with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).
Agents of Proteolysis and Its Inhibition in Patis (Fish Sauce) Fermentation

Use of specific proteinase, inhibitors established a trypsin-like enzyme as the principal agent of proteolysis in Patis fermentation and this was confirmed by temperature, pH and rate studies. The trypsin-like activity developed a few days after fermentation was initiated, was maximal during the first month of fermentation and then declined rapidly and remained low throughout the remaining fermentation period. The decline is due mainly to inhibition by end product (amino acids and small peptides) accumulation. Initial inhibition of trypsin-like activity may be due to inhibitors in fish blood or substances produced by bacteria introduced with the fish. Bacteria are not responsible for proteolysis.
Associations of Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Persons: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Background—Adiponectin shows opposite associations with adverse outcomes in healthy middle-aged populations (lower risk) and cohorts with prevalent cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or advanced age (higher risk). Methods and Results—In a population-based study of older adults, we examined the relationships of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin with mortality among subgroups defined by baseline cardiovascular status: No cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or atrial fibrillation (group 1); cardiovascular disease but no heart failure/atrial fibrillation (group 2); and heart failure/atrial fibrillation (group 3). We found significant differences in the associations with all-cause mortality across the groups. The association in group 1 was U-shaped; increasing levels of total adiponectin up to 12.4 mg/L were associated with lower mortality after adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio=0.81 per 1 SD [95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.95]), but above this cut point, higher levels conferred greate...
Everyday talk informs toddlers’ novel verb generalizations

This study explores the effects of discourse context on a child’s ability to generalize transitively trained novel verbs in an experimental setting and the ability to diversely use intransitive constructions in everyday talk. Two- and three-year-olds participated in novel verb training and play sessions. An effect of discourse context was found; novel verbs were used most often in training, rather than elicitation. Thirty percent of the children generalized a transitively trained novel verb to an intransitive construction. The generalizing children differed from non-generalizers in the proportion with which they used familiar intransitive verbs diversely during play. Thus, the process through which children come to generalize verbs may be influenced by their everyday verb usage on a construction by construction basis.
Individual differences in responses to the first cigarette following overnight abstinence in regular smokers

We utilized cluster analysis to identify individual differences in response to the initial effects of smoking following overnight abstinence among 183 regular smokers. Participants smoked three cigarettes (1 mg nicotine, spaced 30 min apart) in standardized fashion and completed questionnaires about their subjective responses to each cigarette. Heart rate was monitored throughout the procedure. Participants were grouped into two clusters based on their reported subjective effects and heart rate changes to the first cigarette. Clusters differed in terms of greater increases in heart rate, reports of dizziness, sweating, unpleasantness, nausea, and buzzing sensations in one group compared to the other group. The smokers showing increased responses developed greater acute tolerance to the effects of smoking subsequent cigarettes on subjective negative effects and heart rate, and experienced greater negative affect after quitting. These results are partially consistent with a nicotine sensitivity interpretation or a tolerance model of the effects of initial smoking.
When do children trust the expert? Benevolence information influences children's trust more than expertise

How do children use informant niceness, meanness, and expertise when choosing between informant claims and crediting informants with knowledge? In Experiment 1, preschoolers met two experts providing conflicting claims for which only one had relevant expertise. Five-year-olds endorsed the relevant expert's claim and credited him with knowledge more often than 3-year-olds. In Experiment 2, niceness/meanness information was added. Although children most strongly preferred the nice relevant expert, the children often chose the nice irrelevant expert when the relevant one was mean. In Experiment 3, a mean expert was paired with a nice non-expert. Although this nice informant had no expertise, preschoolers continued to endorse his claims and credit him with knowledge. Also noteworthy, children in all three experiments seemed to struggle more to choose the relevant expert's claim than to credit him with knowledge. Together, these experiments demonstrate that niceness/meanness information can powerfully influence how children evaluate informants.
Wirelessly-Powered Wireless Sensor Platform

This paper presents a low-power (~10 muW) 2.45-GHz wireless sensor platform consisting of a three-axis accelerometer, thermometer and skin conductivity sensor. The sensor is powered wirelessly from a distance of around 3-4 m with narrowband 2.45-GHz dual-polarized low power density radiation of around 100 muW/cm2. Efficient power management enables the powering function to be independent of the wireless transmission and sensor data gathering. The sensor platform does not require battery replacements, and is intended for low-maintenance assistive technology, elder-care and medical applications.
The structures of mononuclear [PdII(hdta)]2− and [PdII(dhpta)]2− and binuclear [Pd2II(hdta)(H2O)2] and [PdII(H2O)PtIICl(hdta)]− complexes in aqueous solution

Abstract [Pd(II) 2 (hdta)(H 2 O) 2 ], the Pd(II) binuclear analogue of the previously characterized [[Pt(II) 2 (hdta)Cl 2 ] 2− complex (F.-T. Lin, R.E. Shepherd, Inorg. Chim. Acta , 271 (1998) 124; R.A. Kortes, S.J. Geib, F.-T. Lin, R.E. Shepherd, Inorg. Chem , 38 (1999) 5045), and the hetero-binuclear [Pd(II)(H 2 O)Pt(II)Cl(hdta)] − have been characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR methods (hdta 4− =1,6-hexanediamine- N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraacetate). The influence of the metal center on the six methylene units along the tether chain is different for each of the Pt(II) 2 , Pd(II) 2 and Pt(II)Pd(II) species because the magnetic moment is +0.60 BM for Pt and −0.59 BM for Pd. This leads to an upfield component in the chemical shifts of the protons nearer Pd(II) that is opposed by the inherent downfield component of the shift caused by positive charge. Both effects promote downfield shifts on protons near a Pt(II) center in the tether. This is confirmed by the detection of six resonances of the six differentiated carbons by 13 C NMR for the Pt(II) Pd(II) complex that are not an exact match for the six resonances of a 50:50 mixture of the homobinuclear Pt(II) 2 and Pd(II) 2 complexes. Full chemical shift assignments are given in the tables for each of the three species. The mononuclear [Pd(II)(hdta)] 2− complex exists as two isomers with both N donors of hdta 4− chelated to the Pd(II) center. 1 H and 2D NMR methods show that these are the ‘basket-handle’ trans -( R , R ) form and ‘side-handle’ cis -( R , S ) form in a 3: 2 ratio. Both of these complexes have two uncoordinated, pendant glycinato groups below the PdN 2 O 2 plane and opposite the ‘basket-handle’ or ‘side-handle’ face. A shorter linker of n =3 length is provided by the dhpta 4− ligand (dhpta 4− =1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane- N , N , N ′, N ′-tetraacetate). Only the mononuclear complex, [Pd(II)(dhpta)] 2− is detectable even in the presence of a large excess of Pd(II) — conditions in which the Pd(II) 2 complex of hdta 4− forms rapidly. 1 H and 2D NMR methods were used to assign a cis -( S , S ) structure to this complex, wherein there are two pendant glycinato groups, one above and near the hydroxy group of the 2-hydroxypropane backbone chelate, and one below the same PdN 2 O 2 plane. The stiffness of the n =3 ‘side-handle’ for the dhpta 4− complex (allowing only one isomer) compared with a more flexible arrangement with n =6 in the hdta 4− complex ( allowing two isomeric forms) is suggested as the explanation of these results. Likewise, the need to keep lone pairs of the ether oxygens away from the d 8 electron set of Pd(II) of the ‘side-handle’ tether of [Pd(II)(egta)] 2− explains the presence of only one isomer for the Pd(II)–egta system studied previously [R.A. Kortes, R.E. Shepherd, Transition Met. Chem. (London) 22 (1997) 68; F.-T. Lin, R.A. Kortes, R.E. Shepherd, Transition Met. Chem. (London) 22 (1997) 243].
Are prophylactic oral antibiotics indicated for the treatment of intraoral wounds

Patients with intraoral and oral-cutaneous wounds commonly present to emergency departments (EDs), usually after sustaining blunt facial trauma. Many of these wounds are minor, small (<1 cm), hemostatic on presentation, and confined to the oral mucosa, requiring no specific intervention. Some of these injuries, however, do require wound repair, in particular large mucosal wounds (1 to 2 cm) and those that communicate with the overlying facial skin ("through-and-through" wounds). Most emergency medicine textbooks consider these larger wounds to be at significant risk for infection because of oral bacterial flora and thus recommend that a course of prophylactic antibiotics be prescribed when primary repair of these wounds is performed in the ED, in addition to routine oral and local wound care. However, studies have shown that other wounds commonly considered to be at significant risk for secondary infection, such as simple lacerations of the hand, do not appear to conclusively benefit from prophylactic antibiotic therapy when careful wound preparation is performed before primary repair. We therefore reviewed the available literature to determine the strength of evidence supporting the use of prophylactic oral antibiotics for intraoral wounds treated and repaired in the ED.
Teaching in China during the Age of Reform

In recent years, the Peoples' Republic of China has seen unprecedented movement toward economic reform. This "reform mania" played a major role in our 1988 experience as visiting professors of organizational behavior and human resource management in a cooperative MBA program with Nanjing University. The culture of reform resulted in flexible, hands-off treatment from university administrators, students' eager acceptance of Western-style management ideas, and complete freedom to teach as we wished. We describe the Chinese environment in which our program was embedded, characteristics of our program, our classroom teaching, our students' responses, and other aspects of our experience. We conclude with a few specific suggestions for future instructors.
SIMD parallelization of applications that traverse irregular data structures

Fine-grained data parallelism is increasingly common in mainstream processors in the form of longer vectors and on-chip GPUs. This paper develops support for exploiting such data parallelism for a class of non-numeric, non-graphic applications, which perform computations while traversing many independent, irregular data structures. While the traversal of any one irregular data structure does not give opportunity for parallelization, traversing a set of these does. However, mapping such parallelism to SIMD units is nontrivial and not addressed in prior work. We address this problem by developing an intermediate language for specifying such traversals, followed by a run-time scheduler that maps traversals to SIMD units. A key idea in our run-time scheme is converting branches to arithmetic operations, which then allows us to use SIMD hardware. In order to make our approach fast, we demonstrate several optimizations including a stream compaction method that aids with control flow in SIMD, a set of layouts that reduce memory latency, and a tiling approach that enables more effective prefetching. Using our approach, we demonstrate significant increases in single-core performance over optimized baselines for two applications.
Challenges and pitfalls when implementing renal replacement therapy in the ICU

Several new methods of renal replacement therapy (RRT) are now available for treating patients in the ICU setting. However, utilization of RRT in the ICU is subject to considerable variation and the need for RRT is associated with worse outcomes. Several factors influence the application of dialysis and reflect the interplay of patient and process of care elements that are dynamic in nature. Despite multiple studies evaluating RRT and its application, there are gaps in our knowledge that must be overcome to improve outcomes. This article discusses some of the important issues that require attention in delivering RRT in critically ill patients and provides a framework for the optimal use of RRT in the ICU.
Student perspectives and learning outcomes with implementation of team-based learning into a videoconferenced elective

Abstract Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate the learning outcomes following implementation of team-based learning (TBL) into a videoconferenced elective. The secondary objective was to compare student perceptions of TBL to a mixed methods model in the course. Methods For two course offerings, group presentations for eight topics were converted to TBL or were taught using a traditional discussion method. Students were surveyed after the TBL weeks and after the discussion weeks and perspectives were compared. Students' readiness assurance tests (RAT) and quiz scores were also evaluated. The majority of coursework was facilitated by faculty via videoconference from regional clinical sites, thus the faculty member was not on-site in the classroom with the students at the main or satellite campuses. Results All students ( n = 35) completed both surveys. Team RAT scores were significantly higher than the individual RAT scores, p p Conclusion Student feedback and outcomes were positive regarding the incorporation of TBL into a videoconferenced elective with faculty at off-site locations from students. TBL methods replaced discussions in subsequent course offerings.
The Real and Complex Numbers

Let R be an entire ring. By an ordering of R one means a subset P of R satisfying the following conditions: ORD 1. For every x ∈ R we have x ∈ P, or x = 0, or — x ∈ P, and these three possibilities are mutually exclusive. ORD 2. If x, y ∈ P then x + y ∈ P and xy ∈ P.
Collaborative Strategic Reading for Students With Learning Disabilities in Upper Elementary Classrooms

Sixty fourth- and fifth-grade general education teachers were randomly assigned to teach Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR; Klingner, Vaughn, Boardman, & Swanson, 2012), a set of reading comprehension strategies, or to a business-as-usual comparison group. Results demonstrate that students with learning disabilities (LD) who received CSR instruction in their general education classrooms—approximately 2 times each week over a 14-week period—made significantly greater gains in reading comprehension than students with LD in comparison classrooms (g = .52). Teachers in CSR classrooms were also more likely to provide feedback to students and to use collaborative grouping structures.
Ethnic Saga in Ukrainian Prose and Poetry: Samchuk and Slavutych

The term "saga" normally denotes legendary and historical material in which the author attempts an imaginative reconstruction of the past according to certain aesthetic principles. It is usually a story of great complexity and richness which clearly reflects human strengths and weaknesses. A similar function is here assigned to the term "ethnic saga" which in its fictional manifestation is of historical origin and, as such, lends itself easily to varying interpretations. In a broader sense, however, it is a convergence of historical, moral and literary concerns around the literary hero who is searching for success. Such ethnic sagas are the stories of common men who, in a strange, new land, try to cross the abyss separating their ambitions from their means to attain them in order to reap the reward for their innate strong qualities. Two writers who excel in the creation of ethnic sagas in Ukrainian literature are Ulas Samchuk (b. 1905) and Yar Slavutych (b. 1918). Ulas Samchuk is a prose writer who has contributed much to the development of the Ukrainian novel. His trilogy Volyn' (Volhynia, 1932-37) is probably his most significant work from the literary view point; it offers a realistic picture of the provincial life with its interests, passions, ambitions and tragic struggles. The author's dedication to his craft and the autobiographical flavor make this epic tale a success. His subsequent works are less autobiographical and deal more nearly with ideas. He also successfully writes about Canadian and American themes. Yar Slavutych is a poet and scholar of language and literature. His nine collections of poetry reflect his growth, and they have already secured for him a place in Ukrainian literature. His lyrics and epics show great originality. Though he is a traditionalist, he respects reality; his wish is very simple: he wants to leave something more permanent, something that will reveal his personality in a historical sense. And from this desire comes the optimism that is so characteristic of his creativity. Both of these authors have created splendid examples of ethnic sagas. Ulas Samchuk, in Slidamy pioneriv (In the Footsteps of the Pioneers), and Yar Slavutych, in The Conquerors of the Prairies, use historical material and literary techniques that ulimately contribute to the meaningfulness of the saga.
Formation of Connected Network for Fractionated Spacecraft

This paper examines the proximity network establishment problem for a collection of fractionated spacecraft modules initially scattered in space. The objective is to nd trajectory corrections that bring the space modules into a stable orbit that forms a connected network with minimum control e orts. We discuss a number of possible stable spacecraft formations and formulate the original problem as a parameter optimization problem with both connectivity constraints and stable formation constraints at the nal boundary point. Two approaches, exhaustive global search and a relaxed nonlinear programming algorithm, are developed to calculate the solution of the resulting combinatorial optimization problem for networks of varying scales. Simulation results for inducing connected networks for both in-plane and circular spacecraft formations are provided and compared in terms of e ciency, cost, and complexity.
Yield of Preoperative Whole-body CT in Patients Presenting with Single Brain Malignancy:: Experience at a Tertiary-care Center

Rationale and Objectives Single brain malignancy (SBM) often poses a diagnostic dilemma, with differential diagnosis of primary brain malignancy (PBM) versus metastasis commonly rendered. This study assesses the yield of preoperative computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CTCAP) in patients with SBM. Materials and Methods Institutional review board (IRB)-approved retrospective review of the imaging database at a tertiary-care center was performed for patients with magnetic resonance findings compatible with a diagnosis of SBM. Demographic information, lesion characteristics (location and size), and pathology were recorded. Findings of CTCAP for metastatic workup prior to SBM excisional biopsy were also documented, if performed. Results Eighty-six of 92 patients with new diagnosis of SBM on MR imaging had subsequent lesion resection and pathology consistent with malignancy. PBM accounted for 51 cases (59%) and metastasis accounted for 35 cases (41%). When stratified by age group, PBM was more common in patients Conclusions The yield of preoperative CTCAP can be increased by targeting patients older than 50 years of age with SBMs smaller than 40 mm in size.
L'unité Des Fleurs Du Mal

Depuis l'article que Barbey d'Aurevilly ecrivit pour le Pays, a l'occasion de la publication de la premiere edition des Fleurs du mal, le terme d'architecture s'est impose a la pensee des commentateurs qui ont voulu s'occuper de la composition du recueil baudelairien. Il me semble, pourtant, que l'intention de Barbey d'Aurevilly a generale-ete mal comprise et qu'on s'est en vain efforce de trouver ce dont le critique du Pays ne parlait pas, ou, tout au moins, qu'on a neglige ce qui, pour Barbey, etait l'essentiel. Les Fleurs du mal, a-t-il dit, en effet, ‘sont moins des poesies qu'une oeuvre poetique de la plus forte unite. Au point de vue de l'art et de la sensation esthetique, elles perdraient donc beaucoup a n’etre pas lues dans l'ordre ou le poete, qui sait bien ce qu'il fait, les a rangees. Mais elles perdraient bien davantage au point de vue de l'effet moral que nous avons signale en commencant. Cet effet sur lequel il importe beaucoup de revenir, gardons-nous bien de l‘enerver!’ La these que defendait Barbey d'Aurevilly, c’etait celle de la moralite de l'oeuvre baudelairienne. L'intention de Baudelaire, disait-il, c’etait de fletrir les Fleurs du mal. La maniere du poete, ajoute-t-il, ‘n'est rien moins que celle de la Toute-Puissante Providence elle meme, qui envoie le châtiment apres le crime, la maladie apres l'exces, le remords, la tristesse, l'ennui, toutes les hontes et toutes les douleurs qui nous degradent et nous devorent, pour avoir transgresse ses lois. Mais, pour comprendre la lecon des Fleurs du mal, il faut avoir soin de considerer l'ensemble: ‘une piece citee n'aurait que sa valeur individuelle, et, il ne faut pas s'y meprendre! dans le livre chaque poesie a, de plus que la reussite des details ou de la fortune de la pensee, une valeur tres importante d'ensemble et de situation, qu'il ne faut pas lui faire perdre en la detachant. Les artistes, qui voient les lignes sous le luxe ou l'efflorescence de la couleur, percevront tres bien qu'il y a ici une architecture secrete, un plan calcule par le poete, meditatif et volontaire.’ Les Fleurs du mal, conclut-il, n'ont pas ete ramassees ‘dans un recueil sans d'autre raison que de les reunir,’ elles ont ete disposees dans un ordre voulu, moins en vue d'un effet artistique que d'un effet moral: ‘Cet effet sur lequel il importe beaucoup de revenir, gardons-nous bien de l’enerver!’ Et telle etait si bien la pensee de Barbey d'Aurevilly que Me Chaix d'Est-Ange a cite, au proces de Baudelaire, des extraits de l'article du critique, et a choisi les passages memes qui se rapportent a l'unite des Fleurs du mal et a leur effet moral: le poete, plaidait-il, ‘vous montre le vice, mais il vous le montre odieux.’ Mais le terme seul d'architecture, que l'avocat de Baudelaire a, d'ailleurs, omis de citer, a attire l'attention des commentateurs. Aussi, malgre les declarations du poete lui-meme, ce n'est pas l'effet moral qu'on a retenu, c'est l'idee que le recueil avait un ‘plan logique.’
Highly stable SERS pH nanoprobes produced by co-solvent controlled AuNP aggregation.

Production of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoprobes requires replicable aggregation to produce multimers with high signal intensity. Herein, we illustrate a novel, yet simple, approach to produce SERS nanoprobes through control of co-solvent composition. AuNP multimers were produced by mixing AuNP monomers in water : ethanol co-solvent for variable periods of time. By varying the water : ethanol ratio and the amount of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) present, the aggregation rate can be systematically controlled. Thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) was then added to halt the aggregation process and provide steric stability. This approach was used to produce pH nanoprobes with excellent colloidal stability in high ionic strength environments and in complex samples. The pH probe exhibits broad pH sensitivity over the range 6–11 and we calculate that a single AuNP dimer in a 35 fL volume is sufficient to generate a detectable SERS signal. As a proof-of-concept, the probes were used to detect the intracellular pH of human prostate cancer cells (PC-3). The internalized probes exhibit a strong 4-MBA signal without any interfering bands from either the cells or the culture media and produce exceptionally detailed pH maps. pH maps obtained from 19 xy surface scans and 14 yz depth scans exhibit highly consistent intracellular pH in the range of 5 to 7, thus indicating the greater reliability and reproducibility of our pH probes compared with other probes previously reported in the literature. Our water : ethanol co-solvent production process is fast, simple, and efficient. Adjustment of solvent composition may become a powerful way to produce SERS tags or nanoprobes in the future.
Research on the modeling and simulation methodology of naval weapon and equipment system-of-systems warfare

According to the understanding of the meaning and the characteristics of system-of-systems,the framework of the top-level object model hierarchy,which is used to support the experiments of naval weapon and equipment system-of-systems is proposed to insure the consistency of the understanding and the describing of system-of-systems among different research levels and research aspects.Then with focus on the main purpose of the modeling and simulation of system-of-systems warfare,the modeling and simulation approach of system-of-systems warfare,including the definition of the hierarchical measures,the mapping relations between the measures on different levels and the simulation experiments analysis is described.Finally,the future work that are going to study farther is given.
Abstract POSTER-BIOL-1319: Temporal shifts in the epigenetic regulation of tight junctions from primary to recurrent ovarian cancer

Purpose: Despite a complete clinical response following treatment with surgery and first-line chemotherapy, about 70-90% of patients with advanced stage ovarian cancer (OC) will inevitably experience disease recurrence. Our objective was to identify potential new therapeutic targets for prevention of recurrence by identifying changes in gene regulation that occur in recurrent versus matched primary tumors. Procedures: We used 16 primary-recurrent tumor pairs from patients with stage III/IV serous epithelial OC from the Duke Gynecologic Oncology Tissue Bank. Genomic DNA and total RNA were extracted from FFPE tissues using the Puregene tissue DNA kit (Qiagen) and Ambion Recover All Total Nucleic Acid Isolation kit (described in Gyn Onc, 2013 (129): 159-164), respectively. Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays were used to quantify DNA methylation and Affymetrix Human Genome U133A 2.0 arrays were used to quantify gene expression. Methylation data were analyzed using Illumina’s GenomeStudio software and beta values for each CG site were obtained. Pearson’s r values for the correlation between gene expression (log2 RMA normalized) and methylation beta values were generated using GraphPad Prism 6. Genes with significant correlation between expression and methylation (p Results: Methylation-expression relationships for sixty-seven tight junction genes, including multiple Claudin family genes (Claudins 1,4,5,7,9 and 10), emerged as significantly enriched in recurrent but not primary OCs (Bayes factor 7; p Conclusion: Our findings indicate that tight junctions and the methylation-regulated expression of Claudins are significantly associated with recurrent OC and suggest that changes in DNA methylation modulate emergence of these relationships. Claudin regulation may play an important role in tumor recurrence and may offer new therapeutic opportunities. Citation Format: Zhiqing Huang, MD, PhD, Zachery Visco, Gregory Sfakianos, MD, Regina Whitaker, BS, Andrew Berchuck, MD, Susan Murphy, PhD. Temporal shifts in the epigenetic regulation of tight junctions from primary to recurrent ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr POSTER-BIOL-1319.
Intrauterine resuscitation of the compromised fetus

The gold standard for assessment of fetal well being in labor is the adequacy of fetal oxygenation using continuous electronic fetal monitoring. Additional biophysical properties of the fetus are increasingly being used to ascertain the health of the intrauterine environment. This article focuses on the detection and management of the compromised fetus. The article describes the history, physiologic basis, and current techniques for fetal monitoring. In addition, it presents the common diagnostic tools used to identify the compromised fetus and available options for the management of fetal intolerance of labor.
[Development and evaluation of TaqMan-based one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Japanese encephalitis virus].

Objective To establish a TaqMan based real-time reverse transeription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of Japanese encephalitis virus. Methods The gene sequences of Japanese encephalitis virus downloaded from the GenBank was aligned, using the biologic software. Specific primers and probes were designed in the conserved region of the C gene for Japanese encephalitis virus. The real-time RT-PCR reactive condition was optimized and the sensitivity, specificity and the stability of the assay were evaluated. Mosquitoes collected from Zhejiang province were detected by this assay. Results Mg2+, primer and probe were optimized at 5 mmol/L, 0.2 μmol/L and 0.1 μmol/L respectively. The specificity of the assay was high and there were no cross reactions with dengue virus, rabies virus, seoul virus or hantan virus. The detection limits of the assay was 0.1 TCID50. Results from preliminary application showed that TaqMan RT-PCR for Japanese encephalitis virus was sensitive, easier and faster to perform the process of traditional virus isolation and identification. It took only three hours to extract viral RNA and perform the real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion This TaqMan-based one-step RT-PCR assay was a quick, sensitive and specific tool for molecular diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis virus. Key words: Japanese encephalitis virus; Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; Detection
Process Simulation for the Directional Solidification of a Tri-Crystal Ring Segment via the Bridgman and Liquid-Metal-Cooling Processes

The feasibility of a monocrystalline ring comprised of a multiply-seeded, SX ring separated by low-angle boundaries was investigated for two thicknesses and two processing techniques. In particular, solidification experiments using 1.9- and 5.1-cm-thick tri-crystal castings were conducted in a furnace capable of either the Bridgman or liquid metal cooling (LMC) mode. LMC is a high-gradient directional solidification process that provides refinement of dendritic structure by submerging the casting in a liquid-metal-coolant bath upon withdrawal from the mold heater. The degree of structure refinement was investigated in these castings with varying cross-sectional areas. Solidification modeling was used to optimize process conditions and investigate the thermal characteristics of each process for both casting configurations. Predicted relationships between dendritic structure, cooling rate, and thermal gradients in the axial and transverse directions are presented. A model for the prediction of thermal behavior for Bridgman and LMC techniques using complex casting configurations with section-thickness variations, encompassing a broad range of thermal conditions, was validated. A viable processing route for a monocrystalline ring was identified using the LMC technique, which mitigates the detrimental effects of radiation view factors present in the Bridgman process. Solidification modeling identified the process conditions required to produce a new casting configuration with minimal casting trials.
Improving sensitivity of linear regression-based cell type-specific differential expression deconvolution with per-gene vs. global significance threshold

The goal of many human disease-oriented studies is to detect molecular mechanisms different between healthy controls and patients. Yet, commonly used gene expression measurements from blood samples suffer from variability of cell composition. This variability hinders the detection of differentially expressed genes and is often ignored. Combined with cell counts, heterogeneous gene expression may provide deeper insights into the gene expression differences on the cell type-specific level. Published computational methods use linear regression to estimate cell type-specific differential expression, and a global cutoff to judge significance, such as False Discovery Rate (FDR). Yet, they do not consider many artifacts hidden in high-dimensional gene expression data that may negatively affect linear regression. In this paper we quantify the parameter space affecting the performance of linear regression (sensitivity of cell type-specific differential expression detection) on a per-gene basis. We evaluated the effect of sample sizes, cell type-specific proportion variability, and mean squared error on sensitivity of cell type-specific differential expression detection using linear regression. Each parameter affected variability of cell type-specific expression estimates and, subsequently, the sensitivity of differential expression detection. We provide the R package, LRCDE, which performs linear regression-based cell type-specific differential expression (deconvolution) detection on a gene-by-gene basis. Accounting for variability around cell type-specific gene expression estimates, it computes per-gene t-statistics of differential detection, p-values, t-statistic-based sensitivity, group-specific mean squared error, and several gene-specific diagnostic metrics. The sensitivity of linear regression-based cell type-specific differential expression detection differed for each gene as a function of mean squared error, per group sample sizes, and variability of the proportions of target cell (cell type being analyzed). We demonstrate that LRCDE, which uses Welch’s t-test to compare per-gene cell type-specific gene expression estimates, is more sensitive in detecting cell type-specific differential expression at α < 0.05 missed by the global false discovery rate threshold FDR < 0.3.
Commentary: Interactivity as Cultural

I remember a television advertisement that I would sometimes see when I first started visiting the United States. The advertisement was for a manufacturer of mattresses and called particular attent...