cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A meta-analytic investigation of group treatment outcomes for sexually abused children

Abstract Objective: A meta-analytic review of outcome studies of group treatment for sexually abused children and adolescents was conducted to establish a quantitative measure of group treatment effectiveness for this population. Method: The psychological literature was searched for studies which met the following criteria: The effectiveness of group treatment for sexually abused children or adolescents was investigated, results were based on empirical measures, and sufficient statistical information was reported to calculate effect sizes. This search resulted in 15 studies. Overall effect sizes were then calculated for each study and an overall mean effect size across studies was calculated. Additionally, effect sizes were compared to assess for effects of group characteristics, response perspectives, and type of outcome variables used. Results: The overall mean effect size across studies was .79. Effect size comparisons based on response perspective and outcome variable groupings yielded no significant differences. While statistically insignificant, a trend of larger effect sizes for groups comprised exclusively of females was found. Conclusions: Results from the current meta-analysis support the conclusion that effective group treatments for sexually abused children and adolescents exist and that the current meta-analysis can function as a comparison group for future researchers studying treatment outcome for this population. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Long-lived vibrational modes in amino acid crystals probed by picosecond CARS spectroscopy

Abstract Vibrational relaxation is measured in amino acid crystals at various temperatures by picosecond CARS spectroscopy. Low-frequency (40–125 cm −1 ) torsional modes, librons, have lifetimes which can exceed 4 ns. The decrease in lifetime with libron frequency and with temperature is determined primarily by the density of states, which shifts to lower frequency in peptide crystals.
The calculation of line transfer in expanding media

Abstract An efficient method for calculating 1-D line transfer that allows bulk-Doppler motion is described. The method uses a ray-based integral formalism combined with complete linearization. The calculations of line transfer in planar, spherical, and cylindrical geometries are compared. If there are steep velocity gradients in the medium, simplification is possible and escape probabilities provide accurate results. Results using local escape probabilities in an expanding cylindrical medium are compared with those from a nonlocal line-transfer calculation. It is shown that the accuracy of the escape-probability treatment for a given transition can be affected by coupling with neighboring lines via bulk-Doppler motions.
Leadership and justice: Increasing non participating users' assessment of an IT through passive participation

Allowing users to actively participate in the development and implementation of a new IS is supposed to increase their satisfaction with it. This type of participation, representing aspects relating to distributive and procedural justice, is increasingly impractical in current organizational settings, because many IS are used by thousands of employees and having them involved is impossible. Nonetheless, there are still benefits to be gained in other ways. Extrapolating from interactional justice, we proposed a passive participation method of engaging users. Its effect was tested in a large company in the USA and proved effective. Interactional justice, the perception of fairness in the way that people were treated at an interpersonal level, was found to increase user assessment of the value of their IS. Implications and expansions to interactional justice theory and how this antecedent affects IS implementation are discussed.
Temporal subtraction of dual-energy chest radiographs

Temporal subtraction and dual-energy imaging are two enhanced radiography techniques that are receiving increased attention in chest radiography. Temporal subtraction is an image processing technique that facilitates the visualization of pathologic change across serial chest radiographic images acquired from the same patient; dual-energy imaging exploits the differential relative attenuation of x-ray photons exhibited by soft-tissue and bony structures at different x-ray energies to generate a pair of images that accentuate those structures. Although temporal subtraction images provide a powerful mechanism for enhancing visualization of subtle change, misregistration artifacts in these images can mimic or obscure abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether dual-energy imaging could improve the quality of temporal subtraction images. Temporal subtraction images were generated from 100 pairs of temporally sequential standard radiographic chest images and from the corresponding 100 pairs of dual-energy, soft-tissue radiographic images. The registration accuracy demonstrated in the resulting temporal subtraction images was evaluated subjectively by two radiologists. The registration accuracy of the soft-tissue-based temporal subtraction images was rated superior to that of the conventional temporal subtraction images. Registration accuracy also was evaluated objectively through an automated method, which achieved an area-under-the-ROC-curve value of 0.92 in the distinction between temporal subtraction images that demonstrated clinically acceptable and clinically unacceptable registration accuracy. By combining dual-energy soft-tissue images with temporal subtraction, misregistration artifacts can be reduced and superior image quality can be obtained.
The recombinant spinach acyl-acyl carrier protein-I expressed in Escherichia coli is the 18:1Δ11 (cis) thioester

Abstract A synthetic spinach acyl carrier protein-I (ACP-I) gene was cloned and expressed in the Escherichia coli β-alanine auxotroph SJ16 (P. D. Beremand et al. (1987) Arch. Biochem. Biophys.256, 90–100) . After characterization of the transformed cells and purification of the protein product it was evident that 50% of the recombinant spinach ACP-I was acylated during early log-phase growth (D. J. Guerra et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem.263, 4386–4391) . We have purified the recombinant acyl-acyl carrier protein-I to greater than 90% homogeneity and have made a fatty acid methyl ester of the delipidated and trypsintreated preparation. We have found that the acyl moiety attached to recombinant spinach acyl carrier protein-I is 18:lΔ11(cis) (cis-vaccenic acid) a major unsaturated end product of Escherichia coli de novo fatty acid synthesis. This result reflects previous work (D. S. Guerra et al (1986) Plant Physiol.82, 448–453) which suggested the acyl carrier protein-I structure has evolved from ancestral ACP structures to accommodate the eukaryotic pathway of lipid synthesis in higher plants. The accumulation of recombinant 18:1Δ11(cis) acyl carrier protein-I in transformed E. coli SJ16 cells attests to the poor reactivity of this substrate to acyl transferase reactions and may help explain the lack of effect on pools of fatty acids found in vivo.
Some ideas for beginners on using a microcomputer in an introductory psychology class

This tutorial workshop presented several microcomputer applications for a large introductory psychology class with limited equipment. Applications demonstrated were word processing, gradebook management, and demonstrations.
Cultured peripheral blood mast cells from chronic idiopathic urticaria patients spontaneously degranulate upon IgE sensitization: Relationship to expression of Syk and SHIP-2

Abstract Recently, signaling changes in the FcɛRI pathway involving inositol lipid phosphatases have been identified in the basophils of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) subjects. Based on the profile of basophil FcɛRI-mediated histamine degranulation, we have segregated CIU subjects into two groups, CIU Responder (CIU R) or CIU Nonresponder (CIU NR). In the present study, we compared expression of SHIP-1, SHIP-2, and Syk protein to histamine release (HR) from mast cells (MC) cultured from the peripheral blood of CIU R, CIU NR, and normal subjects. The MC of CIU R donors contained significantly increased Syk and decreased SHIP-2 as compared to CIU NR (Syk: p = 0.038, SHIP-2: p = 0.038) and normals (Syk: p = 0.042, SHIP-2: p = 0.027). Spontaneous HR from CIU donors was increased two-fold compared to normals (p = 0.04). In summary, our results suggest a possible predilection for urticarial MC to spontaneously degranulate upon IgE sensitization contributing to the increased pruritis associated with CIU.
On reduced convex QP formulations of monotone LCPs

Techniques for transforming convex quadratic programs (QPs) into monotone linear complementarity problems (LCPs) and vice versa are well known. We describe a class of LCPs for which a reduced QP formulation – one that has fewer constraints than the “standard” QP formulation – is available. We mention several instances of this class, including the known case in which the coefficient matrix in the LCP is symmetric.
Modeling and mutagenesis of the active site of human P450c17.

Cytochrome P450c17 is the single enzyme having steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20 lyase activities. We sought to model the active site of this enzyme to identify residues contributing to its catalytic activities, and to test the roles of the identified amino acids by altering them via site-directed mutagenesis. Using the MIDAS-plus program, we modeled P450c17 and the structurally related steroid 21-hydroxylase, P450c21, on the crystallographically determined structure of bacterial P450cam. By positioning the progesterone substrate into each model, we identified five residues that appeared crucial for determining whether progesterone would undergo 17 alpha-hydroxylation (by P450c17) or 21-hydroxylation (by P450c21). Each identified residue in the P450c17 sequence was changed to the corresponding residue in the P450c21 sequence, yielding the four P450c17 mutants L102Y, G111D, G301l, and M369L + l371L. The mutants were transfected into COS-1 cells and their 17 alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20 lyase, and 21-hydro...
Carbon film growth on model electron-irradiated MLM cap layer: interaction of benzene and MMA vapor with TiO2 surface

Our aim is to characterize the surface processes that affect the reflectivity of TiO 2 - capped multilayer mirrors used in EUV lithography. Low energy electron beam is employed to mimic excitations initiated by EUV radiation. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and low energy ion scattering (LEIS) are used to analyze the surface reactions. Carbon film growth on the TiO 2 (011) crystalline surface is measured during 10 to 100 eV electron bombardment in benzene or methyl methacrylate (MMA) vapor over a wide range of pressures and temperatures near 300 K. Low energy secondary electrons excited by EUV photons contribute substantially to carbon accumulation on clean TiO 2 cap layers. For benzene on clean TiO 2 secondary electron effects dominate in the initial stages of carbon accumulation, whereas for C-covered TiO 2 , direct photoexcitations appear to dominate. The adsorption energy, the steady-state coverage of the molecules on the surface and the cross-sections for electron-stimulated dissociation are key parameters for understanding and modeling the processes on the EUVL mirrors.
The microprocessor in manufacturing: Systems and hardware design considerations

Abstract Microprocessors are finding an expanding role in manufacturing, particularly in data collection and in process and machine control. Their capabilities, their power, and their ability to control processes and machines, are being more fully realized every day. The expanding application of micros is explored. The use of a micro for a specific application is discussed.
Adaptive laboratory evolution — harnessing the power of biology for metabolic engineering

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) strategies allow for the metabolic engineering of microorganisms by combining genetic variation with the selection of beneficial mutations in an unbiased fashion. These ALE strategies have been proven highly effective in the optimization of production strains. In contrast to rational engineering strategies and directed modification of specific enzymes, ALE has the advantage of letting nonintuitive beneficial mutations occur in many different genes and regulatory regions in parallel. So far, the majority of applications of ALE in metabolic engineering have used well-characterized platform organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli; however, applications for other microorganisms are on the rise. This review will focus on current applications of ALE as a tool for metabolic engineering and discuss advancements and achievements that have been made in this field.
Observation of an exchange dominated surface spin wave in yttrium iron garnet films

Abstract Ferromagnetic resonance techniques have been used to investigate the spin-wave spectra of thin single crystal yttrium iron garnet films. The investigation has disclosed a spin-wave with a high degree of localization at the surface in the parallel resonance configuration. This surface mode appears to be located on the film-substrate interface with a penetration depth of approximately 500 A.
Evolution of ARMA Demand in Supply Chains

This paper shows that an ARMA demand generates an ARMA order history when ordering decisions are made based on an order-up-to policy. The order history preserves the autoregressive structure of the demand and transforms its moving average structure according to a simple algorithm. I apply this ARMA-in-ARMA-out property to examine the evolution of the demand signal in supply chains. Its practical implications are discussed in the context of quantifying the bullwhip effect, coordinating forecasting, and evaluating information sharing.
Experimental investigations of the stability of channel flows. Part 1. Flow of a single liquid in a rectangular channel

The stability of the laminar flow in a rectangular channel with aspect ratio 1:8 was investigated experimentally, with and without artificial excitation. The critical Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter and the average velocity was found to be 2600. Behaviour of damped and growing waves, using artificial excitation, was examined in detail. In particular the progress of growing disturbances was followed. Breaking was found to be the ultimate fate of a growing wave. Spectra of growing and damped waves were also obtained. Measurements were made for wavelengths, wave speeds and amplification or damping rates. The neutral stability boundary in the αr, R plane was determined. In the damped region, comparison of several aspects of the behaviour of the measured disturbances with the plane Poiseuille theory for spatial decay yielded good agreement.Three-dimensionality and non-linear subcritical instability were briefly examined. Neutral subcritical waves at low Reynolds numbers appeared possible when the exciter amplitude was quadrupled.The possible bearings of the present study on the stability of plane Poiseuille flow are suggested.
Phase transformations of continental crust during subduction and exhumation: Western Gneiss Region, Norway

Whether quartzofeldspathic rocks transform to (U)HP minerals during subduction - and back to low-pressure minerals upon exhumation - remains one of the more profound questions pertaining to collisional orogenesis. Garnet-bearing quartzofelds- pathic gneisses from the Western Gneiss Region, Norway provide an opportunity to answer this question. High-precision Sm-Nd garnet geochronology of these gneisses documents garnet growth from 418 to 398 Ma. Garnet zoning in two samples implies growth during subduction-related increase in pressure from 0.5 GPa and 550 � C to 1.7 GPa and 700 � C. Zoning in all other garnets suggests growth over rather narrow P-T ranges from 1.0-1.6 GPa and 725-800 � C during decompression, possibly accompanying melting. If these samples constitute a representative suite, (i) the dearth of (U)HP garnets suggests that most of the quartzofeldspathic gneisses in the Western Gneiss Region did not transform to eclogite-facies parageneses during subduction; (ii) the abundance of garnets grown during decompression indicates that the major period of densification was during exhumation. The widespread metastability of quartzofeldspathic rocks during subduction is substantially different from the findings of previous work and suggests commensu- rately less subduction of continental crust before the slab is positively buoyant.
HAccRG: Hardware-Accelerated Data Race Detection in GPUs

Modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are capable of supporting thousands of concurrent threads. However, they provide relatively little guarantee with respect to the coherence and consistency of the memory system. Thus, GPUs are prone to multitude of concurrency bugs related to inconsistent memory states. Many such bugs manifest as some form of data races at runtime, and being able to identify these data races can help programmers improve software reliability. Mechanisms that enable efficient and effective data race detection at runtime can form the basis of powerful tools for enhancing GPU software correctness. Most prior works in data race detection for GPU focus on the software-based approaches that incur significant performance overhead. Furthermore, they often focus on the smaller shared memory, while neglecting the larger global memory. We believe that adequate hardware support can enable efficient data race detection in all levels of the memory system for GPUs. In this paper, we propose a hardware-accelerated data race detection mechanism, HAccRG, for efficient data race detection in GPUs. HAccRG provides hardware support for tracking data dependencies across a large number of threads and detects various forms of data races. We incorporate HAccRG on both the shared and global memory spaces in GPU. Our evaluation shows that, with moderate hardware support, HAccRG can detect data races in GPU kernels with a small overhead: 1% for the shared memory and 27% for combined shared and global memory data race detection.
Surgical Resection of Synchronously Metastatic Adrenocortical Cancer

Metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rapidly fatal, with few options for treatment. Patients with metachronous recurrence may benefit from surgical resection. The survival benefit in patients with hematogenous metastasis at initial presentation is unknown. A review of all patients undergoing surgery (European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors) stage IV ACC between January 2000 and December 2012 from two referral centers was performed. Kaplan–Meier estimates were analyzed for disease-free and overall survival (OS). We identified 27 patients undergoing surgery for stage IV ACC. Metastases were present in the lung (19), liver (11), and brain (1). A complete resection (R0) was achieved in 11 patients. The median OS was improved in patients undergoing R0 versus R2 resection (860 vs. 390 days; p = 0.02). The 1- and 2-year OS was also improved in patients undergoing R0 versus R2 resection (69.9 %, 46.9 % vs. 53.0 %, 22.1 %; p = 0.02). Patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (eight patients) had a trend towards improved survival at 1, 2, and 5 years versus no neoadjuvant therapy (18 patients) [83.3 %, 62.5 %, 41.7 % vs. 56.8 %, 26.6 %, 8.9 %; p = 0.1]. Adjuvant therapy was associated with improved recurrence-free survival at 6 months and 1 year (67 %, 33 % vs. 40 %, 20 %; p = 0.04) but not improved OS (p = 0.63). Sex (p = 0.13), age (p = 0.95), and location of metastasis (lung, p = 0.51; liver, p = 0.67) did not correlate with OS after operative intervention. Symptoms of hormonal excess improved in 86 % of patients. Operative intervention, especially when an R0 resection can be achieved, following systemic therapy may improve outcomes, including OS, in select patients with stage IV ACC. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be of use in defining which patients may benefit from surgical intervention. Adjuvant therapy was associated with decreased recurrence but did not improve OS.
Correlations Beyond the Nearest-Neighbor Level in Grain Boundary Networks

Abstract Correlations among ‘special’ and ‘general’ grain boundaries are studied on two-dimensional networks, by examining the configurational entropy of boundary structures as well as percolation thresholds. Consideration of crystallographic constraints at various length scales reveals that higher-order constraints play a role in boundary connectivity and network structure. Implications for grain boundary engineering are discussed and directions for future work highlighted.
Attack-resilient sensor fusion

This work considers the problem of attack-resilient sensor fusion in an autonomous system where multiple sensors measure the same physical variable. A malicious attacker may corrupt a subset of these sensors and send wrong measurements to the controller on their behalf, potentially compromising the safety of the system. We formalize the goals and constraints of such an attacker who also wants to avoid detection by the system. We argue that the attacker's capabilities depend on the amount of information she has about the correct sensors' measurements. In the presence of a shared bus where messages are broadcast to all components connected to the network, the attacker may consider all other measurements before sending her own in order to achieve maximal impact. Consequently, we investigate effects of communication schedules on sensor fusion performance. We provide worst- and average-case results in support of the Ascending schedule, where sensors send their measurements in a fixed succession based on their precision, starting from the most precise sensors. Finally, we provide a case study to illustrate the use of this approach.
Genome-wide recombination drives diversification of epidemic strains of Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging human pathogen and a significant cause of nosocomial infections among hospital patients worldwide. The enormous increase in multidrug resistance among hospital isolates and the recent emergence of pan-drug–resistant strains underscores the urgency to understand how A. baumannii evolves in hospital environments. To this end, we undertook a genomic study of a polyclonal outbreak of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii at the research-based National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Comparing the complete genome sequences of the three dominant outbreak strain types enabled us to conclude that, despite all belonging to the same epidemic lineage, the three strains diverged before their arrival at the National Institutes of Health. The simultaneous presence of three divergent strains from this lineage supports its increasing prevalence in international hospitals and suggests an ongoing adaptation to the hospital environment. Further genomic comparisons uncovered that much of the diversification that occurred since the divergence of the three outbreak strains was mediated by homologous recombination across 20% of their genomes. Inspection of recombinant regions revealed that several regions were associated with either the loss or swapping out of genes encoding proteins that are exposed to the cell surface or that synthesize cell-surface molecules. Extending our analysis to a larger set of international clinical isolates revealed a previously unappreciated ability of A. baumannii to vary surface molecules through horizontal gene transfer, with subsequent intraspecies dissemination by homologous recombination. These findings have immediate implications in surveillance, prevention, and treatment of A. baumannii infections.
Novel coplanar waveguide to slotline transition on high resistivity silicon

Two novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) to slotline transitions have been fabricated and tested on high resistivity silicon. The first transition uses an air bridge to couple RF power from the CPW line to the slotline and has the entire circuit on the top side of the wafer. In the second transition, the grounded CPW line and the slotline are on opposite sides of the wafer and are coupled electromagnetically. The measured average intersection loss and return loss per transition are better than 1.5 and 10 dB, respectively, with a bandwidth greater than 30 percent at C-band frequencies.
Elastolytic activity in women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

Aims Weakening of pelvic supportive tissues is thought to be a contributing etiology in female pelvic floor disorders such as stress urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse (SUI/POP). Since elastin modulates the mechanical properties of supportive tissues, we examined elastase activity in vaginal tissue from women with pelvic floor dysfunction compared to asymptomatic controls, by comparing overall elastase activity, human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin K, and alpha-1 antitrypsin (a serine protease inhibitor) mRNA and protein levels. Methods Full-thickness peri-urethral vaginal wall tissues were collected from age and menstrual-phase matched SUI/POP and control women at the time of pelvic surgery. Elastolytic activity in the homogenized tissue was determined by the generation of amino groups from succinylated elastin. To quantify mRNA levels of each protein, quantitative competitive-PCR and confirmatory Western blot analyses were performed on the samples for human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin K, and alpha-1 antitrypsin. Results The mean elastolytic activity in vaginal tissues from the SUI/POP group was similar to that in the control group. With respect to the proteolytic enzymes, neither human neutrophil elastase nor cathepsin K differed between the two groups. However, alpha-1 antitrypsin mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in tissues from affected women. Conclusions A significant decrease in alpha-1 antitrypsin expression was seen in tissues from women with SUI/POP compared to controls. This data suggest that altered elastin metabolism may contribute to the connective tissue alterations observed in pelvic floor dysfunction. Future investigations are warranted to help define the role of elastin turnover in pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 23:119–126, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
RNA aggregation during sulfhydryl-agarose chromatography of mercurated RNA

Isolation of newly synthesized mercurated RNA transcripts by chromatography on sulfhydryl-agarose has recently been used to reduce contamination by endogenous RNA derived from the chromatin template. We show that substantial RNA aggregation occurs during standard isolation procedures, causing significant retention of endogenous (unmercurated) RNA on sulfhydryl-agarose. We describe methods to reduce substantially this problem and discuss the implications of our findings for interpretation of previous hybridization and transcription experiments.
Long-Term Persistence of Dispersants following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

During the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, 1.84 M gallons of chemical dispersant was applied to oil released in the subsurface and to oil slicks at the surface. We used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the anionic surfactant DOSS (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate) in samples collected from environments known to contain oil persisting from the DWH oil spill. DOSS was found to persist in variable quantities in deep-sea coral communities (6–9000 ng/g) 6 months after the spill and on Gulf of Mexico beaches (1–260 ng/g) 26–45 months after the spill. These results indicate that the applied dispersant, which was thought to undergo rapid degradation in the water column, remains associated with oil in the environment and can persist for ∼4 years.
R-BATCH: Task Partitioning for Fault-tolerant Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems

Many emerging embedded real-time applications such as SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), autonomous vehicles and advanced avionics, require a high degree of dependability. Dealing with tasks having both hard real-time requirements and high reliability constraints is a key challenge faced in such systems. This paper addresses the problem of guaranteeing reliability requirements with bounded recovery times on fail-stop processors in fault-tolerant multiprocessor real-time systems. We classify tasks based on their recovery-time requirements into (i) Hard Recovery, (ii) Soft Recovery, and (iii) Best-Effort Recovery tasks. Then, the notion of a Hot Standby for Hard Recovery tasks along with a Cold Standby for Soft Recovery and Best-Effort Recovery tasks is introduced. In order to maximize the benefits of using a Hot Standby, replicas should not be co-located on the same processor. For this purpose, we propose a task allocation algorithm for Hot Standby replicas called R-BFD (Reliable Best-Fit Decreasing) that uses 37% fewer number of processors than BFD-P (Best-Fit Decreasing augmented with placement constraints). For tasks with more relaxed recovery-time constraints, however, additional optimization can be applied by using a Cold Standby that gets activated only when failures occur. Given a system reliability requirement and hence a maximum number of processor failures to tolerate, the required resource overprovisioning for Cold Standby replicas from multiple processors can be consolidated. An algorithm called R-BATCH (Reliable Bin-packing Algorithm for Tasks with Cold standby and Hot standby) reduces the required number of processors by up to 45% compared to R-BFD-based pure Hot Standby replication technique.
Emotionally unskilled, unaware, and uninterested in learning more: Reactions to feedback about deficits in emotional intelligence

Despite the importance of self-awareness for managerial success, many organizational members hold overly optimistic views of their expertise and performance�a phenomenon particularly prevalent among those least skilled in a given domain. We examined whether this same pattern extends to appraisals of emotional intelligence (EI), a critical managerial competency. We also examined why this overoptimism tends to survive explicit feedback about performance. Across 3 studies involving professional students, we found that the least skilled had limited insight into deficits in their performance. Moreover, when given concrete feedback, low performers disparaged either the accuracy or the relevance of that feedback, depending on how expediently they could do so. Consequently, they expressed more reluctance than top performers to pursue various paths to self-improvement, including purchasing a book on EI or paying for professional coaching. Paradoxically, it was top performers who indicated a stronger desire to improve their EI following feedback. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
Covariances from Light-Element R-Matrix Analyses

We review the method for obtaining covariance information for light-element reactions using R-matrix theory. The general LANL R-matrix analysis code EDA provides accurate covariances for the resonance parameters at a solution due to the search algorithm it uses to find a local minimum of the chi-square surface. This information is used, together with analytically calculated sensitivity derivatives, in the first-order error propagation equation to obtain cross-section covariances for all reactions included in the analysis. Examples are given of the covariances obtained from the EDA analyses for n-p scattering and for the n+ 6 Li reactions used in the latest light-element standard cross section evaluation. Also discussed is a method of defining “pure theory” correlations that could be useful for extensions to higher energies and heavier systems.
Bailouts, Budget Constraints, and Leviathans: Comparative Federalism and Lessons from the Early United States

Recent research on federations, particularly in the developing world, emphasizes the importance of hard budget constraints and a strong central government to attenuate intergovernmental economic conflicts. Such research fails on two counts. First, it does not explain how hard budget constraints emerge or become self-enforcing. Second, it does not take into account the insight of the market-preserving federalism literature that central governments strong enough to impose restraint on regions are likely too powerful to be checked in a manner consistent with the longterm health of markets. Unfortunately, the market-preserving federalism literature itself provides little insight into how to move from a market-distorting to a market-preserving equilibrium. This article answers these theoretical shortcomings with reference to the evolution of political competition at the regional level and the representation of those regions at the national level. More specifically, whereas regional competition determines the s...
NEAR‐ULTRAVIOLET MODIFICATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI B UBIQUINONE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO*

— Ubiquinone Q-8 in Escherichia coli B was labeled by growing the bacteria in a synthetic growth medium containing p-hydroxybenzoic acid- 14C(U). The cells were then irradiated with light of wavelengths 313, 334, 366, and 405 nm, and Q-8- 14C was extracted and assayed. Q-8- 14C was also isolated from unirradiated bacteria, partially purified, and then irradiated similarly in hexane and assayed. Ubiquinone in the cells was four to eight times as resistant to radiation as ubiquinone in hexane. From 313 to 366 nm, the in vivo and in vitro action spectra were similar to each other and to the absorption spectra of synthetic Q-8 dissolved in hexane or ethanol, but at 405 nm the action spectra deviated from the absorption spectra. Quantum yields for the modification (loss) of ubiquinone in hexane decreased from 0·021. at 313 nm to 0·005 at 405 nm. The chromenol of Q-8 was not detected in labeled cells irradiated at 334 nm, but several more-polar photoproducts were separated by thin-layer chromatography.
Ethanol self-administration and alterations in the livers of the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca Fascicularis

Background: Most of the studies of alcoholic liver disease use models in which animals undergo involuntary administration of high amounts of ethanol and consume diets that are often high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate whether cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) drinking ethanol voluntarily and consuming a diet with moderate amounts of lipid would demonstrate any indices of alcoholic liver disease past the fatty liver stage and (2) to determine whether these alterations were accompanied by oxidative stress. Methods: Six adult male and 6 adult female cynomolgus monkeys were allowed to consume ethanol voluntarily for 18 to 19 months. Additional monkeys were maintained on the same consumption protocol, but were not provided with ethanol. During the course of the study, liver biopsy samples were monitored for lipid deposition and inflammation, serum for levels of liver enzymes, and urine for concentrations of the isoprostane (IsoP) metabolite, 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-IsoP, a biomarker for oxidative stress. Liver mitochondria were monitored for respiratory control and liver for concentrations of neutral lipids, adenine nucleotides, esterified F2 isoprostanes, oxidized proteins, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-protein adducts, and protein levels of cytochrome P-450 2E1 and 3A4. Results: Ethanol consumption ranged from 0.9 to 4.05 g/kg/d over the period of the study. Serum levels of aspartate amino transferase were elevated in heavy-consuming animals compared with those in ethanol-naive or moderate drinkers. Many of the ethanol consumers developed fatty liver and most showed loci of inflammation. Both hepatic energy charge and phosphorylation potential were decreased and NADH-linked respiration was slightly, but significantly depressed in coupled mitochondria as a result of heavy ethanol consumption. The urinary concentrations of 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-IsoP increased as high as 33-fold over that observed in ethanol-abstinent animals. Liver cytochrome P-450 2E1 concentrations increased in ethanol consumers, but there were no ethanol-elicited increases in hepatic concentrations of the esterified F2 isoprostanes, oxidized proteins, or HNE-protein adducts. Conclusion: Our studies show that cynomolgus monkeys undergoing voluntary ethanol consumption for 1.5 years exhibit many of the features observed in the early stages of human alcoholic liver disease. Ethanol-elicited fatty liver, inflammation, and elevated serum aspartate amino transferase were evident with a diet that contained modest amounts of polyunsaturated lipids. The dramatic increases in urinary IsoP demonstrated that the animals were being subjected to significant oxidative stress that correlated with their level of ethanol consumption.
Endometriosis: Correlation between histologic and visual findings at laparoscopy

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to correlate the diagnosis of endometriosis on the basis of visualization at laparoscopy with the pathologic diagnosis. Study Design: A prospective study of 44 patients undergoing laparoscopy for the evaluation of chronic pelvic pain was carried out. All areas suggestive of endometriosis were excised and examined pathologically. Peritoneal biopsy specimens were obtained from areas of normal-appearing peritoneum to rule out microscopic endometriosis. All lesions were identified by anatomic site. Visual and histologic American Fertility Society scores were compared. The positive predictive value, sensitivity, negative predictive value, and specificity were determined for visually identified endometriosis versus the histologic correlate. Results: The mean prevalence of abnormalities visually consistent with endometriosis was 36%, with 18% confirmed histologically. The positive predictive value was 45%; sensitivity, 97%; negative predictive value, 99%; and specificity, 77%; for visual versus histologic diagnosis of endometriosis. Thirty-six percent of the diagnoses were downstaged on the basis of histologic findings. Conclusion: A diagnosis of endometriosis should be established only after histologic confirmation. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:1407-13.)
The equivalence of two concepts of categorial grammar

There are two types of categorial grammar systems, one studied by Bar-Hillel, Gaifman, and Shamir, and one studied by Lambek. They differ in the type of cancellation allowable. The former has only the rule a(ab) → b and (a/b)b → a . The latter has an added rule that whenfever Xy → z or xY → z , then X → z/y or Y → xz , respectively. The set of strings of words whose categories cancel to s (grammatical sentence) is called the language of the grammar being studied. This paper proves that a set of strings of words forms a categorial language of one type if and only if it forms a categorial language of the other type.
Mixtures and Characteristic Functions

Abstract Let g(u|c,y) = exp {yΣck(uk - 1)} with y > 0, Σk=0∞ck = 1,|u| 2 the function f cannot be a characteristic function. It is shown that, if the characteristic function of S is entire, then F(z) = ∫0∞ f(z|y)dS(y) can be characteristic function only if m ≤ 2. Again the assertion need not be true if the characteristic function of S is not entire.
Multi-person interaction and activity analysis: a synergistic track- and body-level analysis framework

This paper presents a synergistic track- and body-level analysis framework for multi-person interaction and activity analysis in the context of video surveillance. The proposed two-level analysis framework covers human activities both in wide and narrow fields of view with distributed camera sensors. The track-level analysis deals with the gross-level activity patterns of multiple tracks in various wide-area surveillance situations. The body-level analysis focuses on detailed-level activity patterns of individuals in isolation or in groups. ‘Spatio-temporal personal space’ is introduced to model various patterns of grouping behavior between persons. ‘Adaptive context switching’ is proposed to mediate the track-level and body-level analysis depending on the interpersonal configuration and imaging fidelity. Our approach is based on the hierarchy of action concepts: static pose, dynamic gesture, body-part action, single-person activity, and group interaction. Event ontology with human activity hierarchy combines the multi-level analysis results to form a semantically meaningful event description. Experimental results with real-world data show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Error eliminating rapid ultrasonic firing for mobile robot obstacle avoidance

This paper introduces error eliminating rapid ultrasonic firing (EERUF), a new method for firing multiple ultrasonic sensors in mobile robot applications. EERUF allows ultrasonic sensors to fire at rates that are five to ten times faster than those customary in conventional applications. This is possible because EERUF reduces the number of erroneous readings due to ultrasonic noise by one to two orders of magnitude. While faster firing rates improve the reliability and robustness of mobile robot obstacle avoidance and are necessary for safe travel at higher speed (e.g., V>0.3 m/sec), they introduce more ultrasonic noise and increase the occurrence rate of crosstalk. However, EERUF almost eliminates crosstalk, making fast firing feasible. Furthermore, ERRUF's unique noise rejection capability allows multiple mobile robots to collaborate in the same environment, even if their ultrasonic sensors operate at the same frequencies. The authors have implemented and tested the EERUF method on a mobile robot and they present experimental results. With EERUF, a mobile robot was able to traverse an obstacle course of densely spaced, pencil-thin (8 mm-diameter) poles at up to 1 m/sec. >
Persistence and Dissemination in the Community of R-Factors of Nosocomial Origin

Infants whose intestinal tracts were colonized by enteric organisms with R-factormediated resistance to kanamycin during their stay in an intensive care nursery were cultured at intervals after discharge from the hospital. Forty-six percent of the infants remained carriers of R-factors 12 months or longer after discharge. Enteric organisms with R-factor-mediated resistance to kanamycin were also found in the rectal flora of 33% of the infants' family members. A control group, consisting of infants who were discharged from a well-baby nursery, had an intestinal carriage rate of 5%. The results indicate that R-factors of nosocomial origin may persist in an environment essentially free from the selective pressure provided by extensive use of antibiotics. In addition, dissemination of R-factors in the community may be common.
Time to Detection of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in Blood Leukocytes Is a Predictor for the Development of CMV Disease in CMV-Seronegative Recipients of Allografts from CMV-Seropositive Donors following Liver Transplantation

In 35 cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative recipients of livers from CMV-seropositive donors, 32 (91%) developed CMV infection and 24 of them (75%) experienced disease. Polymerase chain reaction for CMV DNA in leukocytes had the best positive and negative predictive values for the development of disease within 2 months from transplantation, and shell-vial or tube culture viremia was the best predictor thereafter. In patients who developed CMV disease, CMV DNA was first detected at 46 days (median; range, 13-128) after transplantation, significantly earlier than the 77 days (range, 46-174) for those who did not develop CMV disease (P = .02). By a semiquantitative method, the CMV DNA level in the first positive sample did not predict disease development. However, the maximum CMV DNA level during infection was significantly higher in patients who developed CMV disease. In CMV-seronegative recipients of livers from CMV-seropositive donors, the time to DNA positivity following transplantation may predict disease progression and be useful as a guide for the initiation of preemptive therapy.
Nucleotide effectors of aspartase.

Abstract Nucleotide-sensitive preparations of aspartase have been obtained for the first time. With highly purified enzyme fractions, AMP or IMP displays kinetic effects characteristic of an allosteric activator. The kinetic curve shifts from cooperative to Michaelis-Menten, V max is unchanged, and K m decreases.
Defining Ethnicity, (Re)Constructing Culture: Processes of Musical Adaptation and Innovation among the Balinese of Lombok 1

The arrival and negotiation of Balinese music culture on the neighboring island of Lombok has constructed a unique sociomusical identity through processes of preservation, adaptation, and innovation. On Lombok, Balinese music and culture converges and collides with the indigenous majority, the Islamic Sasak. The Hindu Balinese experienced several dramatic shifts in status on the island: from colonizer to colonized to minority in the Indonesian state, and the music adjusted accordingly. The music culture reveals three streams of influence that define the Lombok Balinese. Currently, however, traditions are being reconsidered as musicians and leaders are coping with reformist Islam, centralized Hindu organizations, and national and regional political developments. I first came to Lombok under the auspices of an IIE Fulbright grant in 1983, and witnessed such events as the Lingsar festival. I later visited under DOE Fulbright, United States-Indonesian Society, and Bowling Green State University research grant...
The Quantitative Recovery and Determination of Strychnine from Toxicological Samples

A method is presented for the isolation and quantitative determination of strychnine from toxicological samples. The recovery of the alkaloid is accomplished by treating the sample with pancreatin, followed by a simplified extraction procedure on filtered aliquots of the diluted sample. The residue of extracted strychnine is reduced with zinc and hydrochloric acid and treated with sodium nitrite. The red color developed is estimated colorimetrically at 530 mμ. Determination on samples containing from 0.1 to 1.0 mg. give an average recovery of 98.9%, compared to 84.6% achieved by the Haines modification of the Dragendorff method.
Institutional efforts to move seniors through and beyond college

The last of the formal undergraduate transitions is the one out of college and back to either the “real world” or graduate or professional study. The senior year transition embodies both opportunities and challenges for students and institutions.
Extragenomic regulation and autonomous expression of a developmental program in the early mammalian embryo.

The early development of the mammal appears to be directed by an intrinsically programmed and autonomously regulated series of molecular and cellular changes. The notion that an autonomous program directs early mammalian development implies that the information for and orchestration of early ontogeny is contained within the oocyte and early embryo. The expression of an intrinsic program can be envisaged to function in the progressive acquisition of “developmental states of readiness.” During oogenesis these states include competence to reinitiate arrested meiosis in the fully grown oocyte and fertilizability resulting from preovulatory maturation. In the preimplantation stages, such a program would be expected first to specify cell potentials (labile developmental options such as generation of a population of inside and outside cells in space and time1) and subsequently to limit the expression of developmental options by commitment to specific and stable cell form, fate, or function. The state of readiness attained at the blastocyst stage represents the ability of the embryo to initiate implantation as a consequence of delineation of inner cell mass and trophectoderm. This paper examines the nature of an intrinsic developmental program and addresses the question of the extent to which expression is regulated at the genomic or extragenomic level.