cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil CD64 and C-reactive protein for diagnosing neonatal sepsis:a meta-analysis

Objective To conduct a meta-analysis on the sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil CD64 and C-reactive protein(CRP)for diagnosing neonatal sepsis by retrieving all the relevant high quality publications,so as to provide evidences for clinicians to select diagnosis indicators.Methods The publication about the sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil CD64 and CRP for diagnosing neonatal sepsis were searched in PubMed,EMBASE and Science Citation Index Expanded from the setup time to Oct.15,2013.All the trials were evaluated strictly and the included trials were analyzed by meta-analysis.The odds radio(OR)for the sensitivity and specificity of CD64 and CRP for diagnosing neonatal sepsis was calculated.Results Eight studies were included for analysis.Totally 578 cases were positive and 854 cases were negative according clinical diagnosis.Meta analysis showed that the sensitivity of CD64 for diagnosing neonatal sepsis was significantly higher than that of CRP(OR=2.79,95%CI[1.59,4.92],P=0.000 4),while the specificities of CD64 and CRP for diagnosing neonatal sepsis had no significant difference(OR=0.81,95%CI[0.50,1.30],P=0.37).Conclusion This meta-analysis shows that CD64 is more sensitive than CRP for diagnosing neonatal sepsis,but the specificities of CD64 and CRP are similar for diagnosing neonatal sepsis.
Detection of substrate-dependent conformational changes in the P450 fold by nuclear magnetic resonance

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases typically catalyze the insertion of one atom of oxygen from O2 into unactivated carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds, with concomitant reduction of the other oxygen atom to H2O by NAD(P)H. Comparison of the average structures of the camphor hydroxylase cytochrome P450cam (CYP101) obtained from residual dipolar coupling (RDC)-restrained molecular dynamics (MD) in the presence and absence of substrate camphor shows structural displacements resulting from the essential collapse of the active site upon substrate removal. This collapse has conformational consequences that extend across the protein structure, none of which were observed in analogous crystallographic structures. Mutations were made to test the involvement of the observed conformational changes in substrate binding and recognition. All of the mutations performed based upon the NMR-detected perturbations, even those remote from the active site, resulted in modified substrate selectivity, enzyme efficiency and/or haem iron spin state. The results demonstrate that solution NMR can provide insights into enzyme structure-function relationships that are difficult to obtain by other methods.
A 700-GHz MEMS Waveguide Switch

A low-loss microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) waveguide reflect switch is demonstrated operating across the WM-380 (WR-1.5) waveguide band. The design uses a large deflection MEMS actuator to mechanically obstruct a reduced height waveguide to create the switch. The MEMS device exhibits 3 dB of insertion loss across the band in the open state, over 20 dB of isolation when closed, and better than 20 dB of return loss. Lifetime testing of this device demonstrates 5.07 million cycles before it failed in the closed state.
In Vitro Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration into tissues is a highly regulated process and plays a central role in host defense. In inflammatory human diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the infiltration of intestinal mucosa by large numbers of PMNs contributes to epithelial pathophysiology. The sequence of events that fine-tune PMN migration across epithelial cells is not well-understood. In this chapter, we describe a method to study PMN transmigration across intestinal epithelial T84 monolayers using a modified Boyden chamber system. This in vitro model system consists of three main components: the epithelium, purified PMN, and a chemoattractant gradient. Intestinal epithelial cells are cultured as inverted monolayers on permeable filter supports to facilitate the study of PMN transmigration in the physiologically relevant basolateral-to-apical direction. PMNs are isolated from human blood using dextran sedimentation followed by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. PMN transmigration is elicited using N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine gradients and is quantified by assaying for myeloperoxidase activity. The advantages of this model are its reductionist approach and the fact that the system can be easily manipulated. Studies using this model system will shed more light on the mechanisms regulating PMN responses in acute inflammatory diseases.
Symphyseal Diastasis in the Absence of the Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex

AbstractSymphyseal diastasis in the absence of exstrophy or epispadias is rare. We reviewed 11 reported cases and present 2 of our own. Based upon our findings, we recommend a thorough physical examination in all patients. A voiding cystourethrogram in those with the radiographic finding of symphyseal diastasis in the absence of exstrophy or epispadias may be helpful. A significant number of patients have associated congenital anomalies.
A quarrel we can settle, December 1993

Now that the standard model has been with us long enough to have become part of the commonplace wisdom of schoolchildren, it is high time to face head on the contentious issue of how properly to pronounce the word quark . Although only a condensed-matter theorist, I am proud to contribute what follows as a low-cost contribution to straightening out one of the annoying loose ends, others of which may have to wait considerably longer for their resolution. As a rule, only native speakers of English hold passionate opinions on how quark is to be pronounced, and that is as it should be. One of the glories of the English tongue is that its comprehensibility is undiminished and its beauty even enhanced by the systematic mispronunciation of vowel sounds by non-native speakers. But it is a sad and ugly business when the wrong sounds emerge sporadically from the mouths of natives. Quite aside from such aesthetic considerations, it is surely the duty of us native speakers of English to set appropriate standards that the others, if they so desire, may strive to attain. Nowhere is there more need for clarification than in the hotly disputed case of quark . The opinion of the majority is clear: Quark is pronounced to rhyme with pork . There is, however, a vocal and embittered minority, biting in its rejection of the prevailing view, whose members insist on pronouncing the word to rhyme with park . It is often argued in defense of this practice that the word is taken from the German name for a horrible yogurt-like fluid, the proper pronunciation of which unquestionably comes closer to rhyming with the English park than it does with pork . This minority argument, however, is entirely spurious. If one were to adopt the German pronunciation consistently one could indeed rhyme quark with park , but only at the price of having to say kvark , which no native speaker of English has ever been known to advocate. Clearly the decision must be made from a study of English usage and, I would maintain, either on the basis of the Irish variety of English, out of respect for the man who imported the word from German, or on the basis of the American variety, in deference to the man who transported it into physics.
Decolonizing Maya Border Crossings in El Norte and La Jaula de Oro

This chapter analyzes the road movies El Norte (Gregory Nava, 1983) and La jaula de oro (Diego Quemada-Diez, 2013) to argue that while both films are effective in documenting the hard conditions of Central American migrants, they simultaneously reproduce dominant racial discourses on Maya youth. These movies, Estrada asserts, incorporate and situate Maya voices at the center yet maintain a ladino Latino/American frame—that is, an ideology of racial superiority that makes mestizos view themselves closer to an ideal of progress and decency than indigenous peoples.
Varicella and Stroke

Four cases of cerebrovascular disease following varicella infection are reported from the Giannina Gaslini Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Genoa, Italy.
System identification and learning control

This chapter describes how system identification interacts naturally with the learning control problem. The linkage between the two fields is described within the framework of discrete-time modern control and system identification theories. The role of the Markov parameters in learning control is described, and straight forward identification of these parameters can be used in the design of high performance learning controllers. For time-varying models the basis functions become important in making both the identification and learning control problems practical. Although perfect identification cannot be expected in practice, it is often sufficiently accurate in guiding the learning process to achieve a level of tracking accuracy beyond that obtained by inverting the identified model alone. Numerical and experimental results are used to illustrate key concepts described in this chapter.
Game theoretic approach to dynamic spectrum access with multi-radio and QoS requirements

Dynamic spectrum access using cognitive radio is regarded as a disruptive technology to improve spectrum efficiency. The deployment of dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio network (CRN), however, raises a great challenge to meet the quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of cognitive radio (secondary) users while protecting licensed/primary users from harmful interference. While there have been many techniques developed to dynamic spectrum access for secondary users, most of them have not considered maximization of both utilities of users and revenues of spectrum providers. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for dynamic spectrum access in CRN using two stage Stackelberg game where multi-radio cognitive radio users (the followers) maximize their utilities while satisfying QoS and budget constraints, and at the same time, the spectrum providers (the leaders) offer competitive prices to maximize their revenues. Necessary condition and closed form for the existence of the Stackelberg equilibrium are presented. Simulation results verify that the proposed approach reaches Nash equilibrium.
In Defense of Quantitative Methods: Using the “Master’s Tools” to Promote Social Justice

Empiricism in the form of quantitative methods has sometimes been used by researchers to thwart human welfare and social justice. Some of the ugliest moments in the history of psychology were a result of researchers using quantitative methods to legitimize and codify the prejudices of the day. This has resulted in the view that quantitative methods are antithetical to the pursuit of social justice for oppressed and marginalized groups. While the ambivalence toward quantitative methods by some is understandable given their misuse by some researchers, we argue that quantitative methods are not inherently oppressive. Quantitative methods can be liberating if used by multiculturally competent researchers and scholar-activists committed to social justice. Examples of best practices in social justice oriented quantitative research are reviewed.
Mental Health Impacts of Droughts: Lessons for the U.S. from Australia

Drought is a condition already endemic to many regions of the United States and is likely to increase in frequency and/or duration under a changing climate. Drought can have wide ranging health impacts, particularly among vulnerable subpopulations such as rural, agricultural communities. Although poor mental health outcomes are an established public health concern for such populations during and following drought periods, the pathways through which drought can impact the mental health of rural residents are not well understood. In addition, most of the studies to date have been carried out in Australia, a country that has decades of experience with protracted droughts. As regions in the United States struggle with the extended droughts, lessons and evidence from Australia may be particularly useful in the development and implementation of surveillance and mitigation initiatives. This article provides an overview of the existing evidence of drought impacts on the mental health of residents in Australia with particular focus on vulnerability and discusses the application of this knowledge to drought response and planning in the United States.
Using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) in individuals with traumatic brain injury.

Purpose/objective The NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological Behavior and Function Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) is a common data element for use in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study evaluates its sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing individuals with complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI, and provides support for the construct validity of the NIHTB-CB in individuals with TBI. Research method One hundred eighty-two individuals with TBI (n = 83 complicated mild/moderate; n = 99 severe) completed the NIHTB-CB and neuropsychological criterion measures. Complete data were obtained on 158 participants. A control sample of 158 individuals without known neurological impairment was extracted from the NIHTB-CB normative sample. Multivariate analyses of variance determined the sensitivity of the NIHTB-CB measures to TBI and injury severity (complicated mild/moderate TBI, severe TBI, and controls) on the demographically corrected NIHTB-CB composite scores and seven subtests. A descriptive analysis of the sensitivity of each subtest was conducted. Finally, correlations between NIHTB-CB measures and criterion tests assessed convergent and discriminant validity. Results Multivariate analyses indicated that there was a main effect for group (complicated mild/moderate vs. severe vs. controls) for fluid scores in the NIHTB-CB as opposed to only marginally significant results for the verbal scores. Moderate to strong relationships were found between the NIHTB-CB measures and their corresponding neuropsychological measures (convergent validity), whereas much smaller correlations were found between measures of different cognitive domains (discriminant validity). Conclusions Findings provide evidence of construct validity and the clinical utility of the NIHTB-CB in individuals with TBI. (PsycINFO Database Record
Through the Ages of Life: Rabindranath Tagore -- Son, Father, and Educator (1861-1941)

Research Framework: This essay attempts to reclaim Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), the “Myriad-Minded Man” from colonial India, through his “ages of life” – as a son, father, and educator – and his conceptualization of an alternate education and masculinity. Tagore’s critique of colonial education, his experiments with institutions, and his curriculum emphasizing arts and moral aesthetics over muscular nationalism challenged the dominant culture of masculinity. His paternalism embraced a “manliness” privileging moral and spiritual sustenance over economic and political considerations.Objectives: By focusing on Rabindranath Tagore, an iconic figure of Indian modernity, the essay attempts to demonstrate the tangled relationship between his domestic reality and his public commitment to social justice and pedagogy. Methodology: It deploys the method of contextualized textual analysis by examining a variety of literary sources -- personal narratives, correspondence, lectures, and essays. Results: Foregrounding the importance of family in its enabling and restrictive capacities, the essay explores connections between one family’s life and the Bengali understanding of age, gender, and class in late colonial India. Conclusions: The essay contends that Tagore’s position as a biological father and the transference of his affective concern to a larger body of children, in whom he inculcated a new sense of freedom, were inflected with an alternate sense of masculinity.Contribution: The essay contributes to our understanding that the role of “fathers,” biological and metaphorical, attained heightened significance among the educated, affluent community in colonial Bengal. An examination of the interminable connection between Tagore’s personal and public life disrupts the separation between the home and the world and establishes the centrality of the domestic in Indian nationalist politics. As a father and a reformer, Tagore challenged existing notions of masculinity through his reformed and secular model of education.
Between Economic Planning and Market Competition: Institutional Law and Economics in the US

The impact of institutional economists in shaping American regulatory tradition has largely been overlooked or dismissed as an incoherent attack on the neoclassical economic paradigm. This essay briefly reconstructs the interwar institutionalist movement, exploring the continuities among heterodox thinkers and the implications for public and private institution-building. It seeks to reorient the history of U.S. political economy towards a deeper understanding of the public-private regulatory tradition that developed in the 1920s through the influence of the institutionalists and other progressive liberals. It emphasizes institutionalists acting within both public administrative agencies, such as the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Commerce, as well as private research organizations that partnered with business groups and regulatory bodies.
A review of sustainable mining and resource management: Transitioning from the life cycle of the mine to the life cycle of the mineral

Abstract Application of sustainability principles to mining is inherently challenging, as mining is the act of removing and consuming a limited resource. However, consideration of sustainability – meeting present needs without compromising needs of future generations – is increasingly being incorporated into mine development and operation as demand for minerals and products of mining such as metals and fuel and non-fuel minerals and the environmental impacts associated with minerals extraction activities continue to increase. This paper provides a review of existing research literature and thought on sustainability in mining of non-fuel minerals. A common sustainable mining framework is focused on reducing environmental impacts of mining. Strategies for assessing the sustainability of mining operations include measuring, monitoring, and working to improve various environmental performance metrics, and these are used to determine whether a mining operation is sustainable. The key metrics for environmental sustainability in mining relate to efficiencies in resource consumption, minimizing land disturbance, pollution reduction, as well as closure and reclamation of exhausted mine lands. Another sustainable mining framework transitions from the emphasis on the environmental footprint of mining operations to responsible management of non-fuel mineral resources throughout their entire life cycle, including use phase and end of life, with attendant implications for reducing the quantity of mined material and preserving reserves for future generations. This paper examines the transition to a broader context that includes the entire mineral life cycle. We propose that assessment of sustainability in mining should encompass a systems view of mined materials in society, emphasizing existing environmental sustainability metrics from mining operations as well as including “circularity” or “life cycle” metrics to assess the sustainability of production and extraction for the long term.
Web-Based Graphic Service Request System for Operation and Maintenance for Residential Complex

This research investigates the feasibility of web technology as a means of handling service requests for delivering high quality service in building operation and maintenance. This research proposes a web-based graphic service request (WGSR) system as a pragmatic solution to the limitations of current computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) processes. Service request process in CMMS was developed as text-based, so that it is hard for ordinary tenants to use. Therefore, when tenants have a problem in a facility, they prefer calling in service requests or going to the office instead of using the internet service request application. The interface allow customers to report environmental problems in the facility, trace their work order progress, view schedules for maintenance, and provide feedback for service online. The WGSR system is an end-user point-and-click graphical interface that allows residents to request service by selecting a problem fixture on a floor plan image.
Quality of Life Issues and Rectal Cancer

APR abdominoperineal resection; AR anterior resection; EORTC QLQ-C30/CR38 The European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality of Life Question­naires for general and colorectal quality of life; FACT-G/C The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (general and colorectal); HRQOL health-related quality of life; RT radiation therapy; SF-36 Short Form 36-item Health Survey; TME total mesorectal excision.
Is ‘Spiritual But Not Religious’ a Replacement for Religion or Just One Step on the Path Between Religion and Non-religion?

We analyze survey data collected from six universities in the United States, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (n = 6571). Survey respondents were asked to self-identify as “spiritual and religious,” “spiritual but not religious,” “religious but not spiritual” or “not religious or spiritual.” Using a battery of items describing both religious and spiritual beliefs, we uncover which beliefs are most regularly shared by persons choosing each of the four self-identity labels. Even though American students are generally more religious than the Scandinavian students, we find that three of the four self-identity labels have quite similar meanings across cultural settings. Factor analyzing the belief items, we find two latent factors that we label as “religio-spirituality” and “anti-institutional spirituality.” However, when plotted in a two-dimensional space defined by these two latent factors, respondents in each of the four self-identity categories mostly align along a single continuum from “spiritual and religious” to “not spiritual or religious.” Nevertheless, the “spiritual but not religious” students stand out for their high scores on “anti-institutional spirituality.”
Sampling tomorrow's lunch today: Examining the effect of sampling a vegetable-focused entrée on school lunch participation, a pilot study.

Abstract School lunch programs are important pillars in the food system, as they impact children's health, local agriculture, and community food security. When offering a new lunch entree that contains vegetables, schools must consider whether students will choose the new entree to avoid low participation rates and decreased revenue. Previous research in marketing suggests that sampling (i.e. taste testing) can positively impact consumer choice. In terms of encouraging students to eat school lunch and particularly items that include vegetables, it is often assumed that sampling will help direct food choice to healthier items, but little research has investigated the impact of sampling on food choice in a school lunch environment. The objective of this research was to investigate in a pilot study whether providing samples of a vegetable-focused lunch entree the day before it appeared on the school lunch menu increased National School Lunch Program (NSLP) participation. The study took place at a Vermont middle school in 2015. Four new vegetable-focused entrees were supplied over three consecutive months. During month two, the entrees were sampled at a middle school the day before they were offered for sale, and NSLP participation, as well as revenue was tracked over three months. Our results suggest that sampling may have a positive impact on NSLP participation rates and food service revenue, but that more research is needed to better assess how sampling can be utilized in the most efficacious way to promote NSLP participation and healthy eating patterns.
Gentrification and Fair Housing: Does Gentrification Further Integration?

On the 50th anniversary of the Fair Housing Act, long-time residents of cities across the country feel increasingly anxious that they will be priced out of their homes and communities, as growing n...
Strawberry, black medic (Medicago lupulina), and Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum) growth under light-limiting conditions

Broadleaf infestations interfere with Florida strawberry production. Broadleaf POST herbicide options applied atop the crop are limited to synthetic auxins and not suitable for conventional multi-cropping and organic systems. Reducing light access and interception during weed emergence may reduce interference. Light-limited growth of two problematic broadleaves, black medic and Carolina geranium, and the most commonly grown strawberry cultivar (‘Florida Radiance’), were examined in the greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the trial was repeated. Black medic was susceptible to reductions in incoming solar radiation, wherein reducing the daily maximum available light from 331 to 94 µmol m-2 s-1 reduced leaf number and area by 93% and 89%, respectively. Carolina geranium growth was less susceptible to reduced-light treatments, with leaf area and number each reduced by 66% when light was reduced from 331 to 94 µmol m-2 s-1. Belowground, Carolina geranium biomass was similarly reduced between the 331 and 94 µmol m-2 s-1 treatments. Strawberry was relatively tolerant to shading at 155 µmol m-2 s-1, but further reductions did increase mortality. Shade-induced weed suppression is a promising alternative strategy for conventional and organic Florida strawberry production. Targeted application during periods of weed emergence may play a role within integrated pest management strategies. This approach is most feasible for black medic management but may be useful for Carolina geranium in concert with other strategies.Nomenclature: Carolina geranium, Geranium carolinianum L. GERCA; black medic, Medicago lupulina L. MEDLU; strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.) [chiloensis × virginiana]
Measurement of the cross-section ratio 3H(d,γ)5He/3H(d,α)n at 100 keV

The cross-section ratio for 3H(d,γ)5He relative to 3H(d,α)n has been measured at an effective deuteron bombarding energy of 100 keV with a NaI pair spectrometer and a tritiated-titanium target. The ratio was determined to be (1.2±0.3)×10^-4 by comparing the spectra and count rates for 3H(d,γ)5He and 3H(d,α)n with 2H(3He,γ)5Li and 2H(3He,α)1H.
Direct from Specimen Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: State of the Art in 2019

Abstract Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was adopted as one of the earliest forms of personalized medicine, providing predictive information on specific antibiotics for treatment of a patient's infection. The main challenge of AST has always been overcoming the gap between specimen collection and a lag in time to results. Although innovation in direct-from-specimen identification and susceptibility testing has been investigated for decades, these methods have not been widely adopted, primarily due to workflow and practicality considerations, as well as concerns regarding the analytical performance characteristics of these methods. Technology has now introduced a new wave of approaches to AST. Molecular detection of resistance determinants has become commonplace as an adjunct to conventional susceptibility testing, while rapid image-based technologies are provoking a paradigm shift in phenotypic AST. With time, we will move toward accurate and more timely AST from cultured isolates and potentially directly from clinical specimens.
Small and big infrastructure: a community-planning theory of increments and interoperability

With urbanization, cities face extreme challenges of infrastructure development. Approaches emphasizing the scale economies of Large Technical Systems (LTS) often overlook the importance of Small-S...
Generalized affine scaling algorithms for linear programming problems

Abstract Interior Point Methods are widely used to solve Linear Programming problems. In this work, we present two primal Affine Scaling algorithms to achieve faster convergence in solving Linear Programming problems. In the first algorithm, we integrate Nesterov’s restarting strategy in the primal Affine Scaling method with an extra parameter, which in turn generalizes the original primal Affine Scaling method. We provide the proof of convergence for the proposed generalized algorithm considering long step size. We also provide the proof of convergence for the primal and dual sequence without the degeneracy assumption. This convergence result generalizes the original convergence result for the Affine Scaling methods and it gives us hints about the existence of a new family of methods. Then, we introduce a second algorithm to accelerate the convergence rate of the generalized algorithm by integrating a non-linear series transformation technique. Our numerical results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the original primal Affine Scaling method.
Predictors of new-onset atrial fibrillation in geriatric trauma patients

Introduction Geriatric patients (age >65) comprise a growing segment of the trauma population. New-onset atrial fibrillation may occur after injury, complicating clinical management and resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This study was undertaken to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation among geriatric trauma patients. Methods In this case control study, eligible participants included admitted trauma patients age 65 and older who developed new-onset atrial fibrillation during the hospitalization. Controls were admitted trauma patients who were matched for age and injury severity score, who did not develop atrial fibrillation. We evaluated the associations between new-onset atrial fibrillation and clinical characteristics, including patient demographics, health behaviors, chronic medical conditions, and course of care. Results Data were available for 63 cases and 25 controls. Patients who developed atrial fibrillation were more likely to be male, compared to controls (49% versus 24%; odds ratio 3.0[1.0, 8.9]). Other demographic and clinical factors were not associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation, including mechanism of injury, co-morbid medical conditions, drug or alcohol use, surgical procedures, and intravenous fluid administration. Conclusions Male geriatric trauma patients were at higher risk for developing new-onset atrial fibrillation. Other demographic and clinical factors were not associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation.
Relationality: an alternative framework for analysing policy

Policy is ostensibly crafted upon an overarching notion of rationality, in the form of rules, roles and designs. However, sometimes policy deviates from formal templates and seems to be guided by a different governing ethic. Rather than categorising these as policy anomalies, we can understand them as the workings of what we will refer to as a relational model of policy. The relational model describes how policy outcomes emerge from the working and reworking of relationships among policy actors. We define relationality and develop its use in policy research. While the relational can be depicted as an alternative model for policy (e.g., Confucian versus Weberian), it is more accurate to understand it as a system that complements conventional policy regimes. To illustrate the concept, we examine examples from policymaking in China. We end with a discussion of how relationality should be a general condition that should be applicable to many, if not all, policy situations.
An investigation of the iodine status among children aged from 8-10 in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen after 3 years promotion of new standard iodized salt.

Objective To investigate the coverage of iodized salt and the iodine status among children aged from 8-10 years in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen after promotion of new standard iodized salt, and to provide scientific evidence for adjustment of control strategy. Methods After 3 year promotion of new standard iodized salt, Huli and Xiang'an were selected as the urban and rural investigation sites, respectively in 2015. Each investigation site was further divided into five sampling areas, namely east, west, south, north and central. In each sampling area, one town was randomly selected and 2 tapping water samples were collected to determine the iodine level; in each town, 4 villages were randomly selected and 15 residents were selected and edible salt samples were collected to determine the iodine level. Moreover, one primary school was selected in each town, and 40 children aged from 8-10 years old were randomly selected to perform thyroid examination and urinary iodine level determination. The water iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry; salt iodine was detected by direct titration; urinary iodine was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry; thyroid was examined by B ultrasound. Results The iodine concentration was lower than 10 μg/L in drinking water in both urban and rural areas. The coverage rate of iodized salt in urban and rural areas was 99.3% (298/300) and 94.0% (282/300), respectively. The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.7% (281/300) and 90.7% (272/300), respectively. The prevalence of goiter was 3.8% (8/210) both in urban and rural areas. The prevalence of thyroid nodule was 17.6% (37/210) and 19.5% (41/210), respectively. No significance was found when comparing the prevalence of goiter and the prevalence of thyroid nodule (χ2= 0.000, 0.252, all P > 0.05). The median of urinary iodine was 208.9 and 167.2 μg/L, respectively. The statistical analysis found that the urban children had higher iodine level when comparing with rural counterparts (Z= 4.030, P 0.05). The prevalence of thyroid nodule in male and female children was 13.5% (28/208) and 23.6% (50/212), respectively, the analysis showed that the female children had higher prevalence of thyroid nodule (χ2= 7.115, P < 0.01). The median of urinary iodine in male and female children was 197.8 and 169.6 μg/L, respectively, and the urinary iodine level was significantly higher in male when comparing with female children (Z= 2.218, P < 0.05). Conclusions After promotion of new standard iodized salt, the iodine nutrition of children aged from 8-10 years in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen were good. The goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders was achieved. The iodine supplement measure should be further promoted to ensure the adequate level of iodine in residents, adhere to the iodine supplement measure, promote a healthy lifestyle, ensure the amount of iodine intake. Key words: Iodine; Deficiency diseases; Urine; Salts; Child; Thyroid
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell receptors in ImmuneCode reveals cross-reactivity to immunodominant Influenza M1 epitope

Adaptive Biotechnologies and Microsoft have recently partnered to release ImmuneCode, a database containing SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell receptors derived through MIRA, a T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing based sequencing approach to identify antigen-specific TCRs. Herein, we query the extent of cross reactivity between these derived SARS-CoV-2 specific TCRs and other known antigens present in McPas-TCR, a manually curated catalogue of pathology-associated TCRs. We reveal cross reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 specific TCRs and the immunodominant Influenza GILGFVFTL M1 epitope, suggesting the importance of further work in characterizing the implications of prior Influenza exposure or co-exposure to the pathology of SARS-CoV-2 illness.
The Seen and the Unseen in Cost-Benefit Analysis

This paper explores the relevance of Bastiat’s famous distinction between the seen and the unseen consequences of actions to modern debates about cost-benefit analysis. In cost-benefit analysis, the opportunity cost of capital describes the unseen future returns a capital asset generates. However, there is no consensus among economists as to how to account for these returns, as disagreements are wrapped up in a broader controversy surrounding the correct social discount rate. The paper provides background on these debates and explains how adherents of the two mainstream discounting approaches both fail to live up to Bastiat’s standard of a “good economist.”
An Economic Approach to Religious Exemptions

Externalities caused by religious exemptions have been getting the spotlight again in light a case the U.S. Supreme Court will hear this term: Fulton v. City of Philadelphia. Some argue that religious individuals should be required to internalize the costs they impose on third parties and thus should be denied the right to practice that harmful behavior. These new progressive theories about harm trade on rhetoric and normative intuitions regarding externalities and costs. But curiously, these theories also largely ignore an influential theoretical movement that has studied externalities and costs for the last fifty years: law and economics. This Article thus poses a thought experiment: how would normative rhetoric and doctrinal assessments change if one viewed religious externalities through the lens of economic theory? Such a perspective offers three novel normative insights. First, the mere existence of a religiously caused externality does not provide a sufficient justification for government restriction of religious rights, as because externalities are always reciprocal. Second, the government should be cautious about coercing involuntary transactions where idiosyncratic valuation or high transaction costs are involved. And third, exploring outcomes that decrease net harm can highlight government policies that are themselves creating harm. In other contexts, this analysis can force decision-makers to confront more candidly problems of incommensurability, particularly when it comes to dueling claims of dignitary harms. An economic lens can also provide a positivist account of multiple aspects of a religious exemption doctrinal framework in the context of strict scrutiny. These include balancing competing harms in recognition of reciprocal externalities, requiring the government to have a justification for coercing involuntary transactions in a similar way that property rules would, and assessing carefully whether alternatives exist to avoid harm altogether. Indeed, this latter inquiry closely resembles the type of analysis courts engage in under the “less restrictive alternatives” element of the strict scrutiny analysis. While economic theory does not provide answers to all of the difficult questions in these religious exemption debates, it can provide a clinical method of analyzing hot-button issues involving seemingly intractable conflicts. And to the extent that harm is a relevant normative consideration, this Article asserts that an under-theorized reliance on harm on just one side of the ledger, advocated under the current third-party harm theories, is a normatively unpersuasive approach.
Chandra Observations of Abell 85: Merger of the South Subcluster

We present an analysis of a highly asymmetric cluster merger from a Chandra observation of Abell 85. The merger shows significant disruption of the less massive subcluster from ram pressure effects. Nevertheless, a cold core, coincident with the cD galaxy, is observed to persist in the subcluster. We derive dynamical information from the motion of the cold core through the main cluster's ICM. Multiple derivations of the velocity of the core suggest a Mach number of M ~ 1.4 or v ~ 2150 km/s, though with substantial uncertainty. We construct a consistent kinematic model for the merger based on this dynamical analysis. As has been found for other such "cold fronts," conduction appears to be suppressed across the front. Thermal conduction may be suppressed by a magnetic field with a significant component perpendicular to the subcluster's direction of motion. The effect of the merger interaction in creating and shaping the observed radio sources is also discussed. It appears most likely that the radio source is due to distorted and detached lobes from the subcluster cD galaxy, rather than being a radio halo.
The Development of Emotion Reasoning in Infancy and Early Childhood

Historically, research characterizing the development of emotion recognition has focused on identifying specific skills and the age periods, or milestones, at which these abilities emerge. However,...
“ACEing” the Evidence Within Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R)

Introduction While evidence-based medicine (EBM) is important in all fields of medicine, it can be specifically challenging for the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), a rapidly d...
Cold bacon: co-partisan politics in Brazil

This paper provides evidence of alignment effects between the executive and the legislative branches of the central government. We rely on detailed data on Brazilian intergovernmental grants whose allocations are determined by legislators. The executive branch cannot interfere with the destinies or volumes of grants, but it can control the transfer pace. We group the data into municipalities and estimate the effects of the share of aligned legislators associated with a municipality on the average time to receive grants. We show that legislators politically aligned to the executive branch transfer resources to their constituencies nine months faster than unaligned legislators. To achieve a causal interpretation of these results, we rely on exogenous variations in the shares of elected aligned legislators caused by the phased-in introduction of electronic voting. Our findings regarding how political alignment affects the speed of transfer are consistent across different periods and alternative definitions of the dependent variable.
Resonant Soft X-Ray Scattering from Stripe-Ordered La 2 -x Ba x Cu O 4 Detected by a Transition-Edge Sensor Array Detector

Resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS) is a leading probe of valence-band order in materials best known for detecting charge-density-wave order in copper-oxide superconductors. One of the biggest limitations on the RSXS technique is the presence of a severe fluorescence background, which, like the RSXS cross section itself, is enhanced under resonant conditions. This background prevents the study of weak signals such as diffuse scattering from glassy or fluctuating order that is spread widely over momentum space. Recent advances in superconducting transition-edge-sensor (TES) detectors have led to major improvements in energy resolution and detection efficiency in the soft x-ray range. Here, we perform a RSXS study of stripe-ordered ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}{\mathrm{Cu}\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ at the $\mathrm{Cu}$ ${L}_{3/2}$ edge (932.2 eV) using a TES detector with 1.5-eV resolution, to evaluate its utility for mitigating the fluorescence-background problem. We find that, for suitable degree of detuning from the resonance, the TES rejects the fluorescence background, leading to a five to ten times improvement in the statistical quality of the data compared to an equivalent, energy-integrated measurement. We conclude that a TES presents a promising approach to reducing background in RSXS studies and may lead to discoveries in materials exhibiting valence-band order that is fluctuating or glassy.
Impact of fenbendazole resistance in Ascaridia dissimilis on the economics of production in turkeys

Feed conversion efficiency is among the most important factors affecting profitable production of poultry. Infections with parasitic nematodes can decrease efficiency of production, making parasite control through the use of anthelmintics an important component of health management. In ruminants and horses, anthelmintic resistance is highly prevalent in many of the most important nematode species, which greatly impacts their control. Recently, we identified resistance to fenbendazole in an isolate of Ascaridia dissimilis, the most common intestinal helminth of turkeys. Using this drug-resistant isolate, we investigated the impact that failure to control infections has on weight gain and feed conversion in growing turkeys. Birds were infected on Day 0 with either a fenbendazole-susceptible or -resistant isolate, and then half were treated with fenbendazole (SafeGuard(R) Aquasol) at 4- and 8-weeks post infection. Feed intake and bird weight were measured for each pen weekly throughout the study, and feed conversion rate was calculated. Necropsy was performed on birds from each treatment group to assess worm burdens at weeks 7 and 9 post infection. In the birds infected with the susceptible isolate, fenbendazole-treated groups had significantly better feed conversion as compared to untreated groups. In contrast, there were no significant differences in feed conversion between the fenbendazole-treated and untreated groups in the birds infected with the resistant isolate. At both weeks 7 and 9, worm burdens were significantly different between the treated and untreated birds infected with the drug-susceptible isolate, but not in the birds infected with the drug-resistant isolate. These significant effects on feed conversion were seen despite having a rather low worm establishment in the birds. Overall, these data indicate that A. dissimilis can produce significant reductions in feed conversion, and that failure of treatment due to the presence of fenbendazole-resistant worms can have a significant economic impact on turkey production. Furthermore, given the low worm burdens and an abbreviated grow out period of this study, the levels of production loss we measured may be an underestimate of the true impact that fenbendazole-resistant worms may have on a commercial operation.
Size Dependent Fragmentation Chemistry of Short Doubly Protonated Tryptic Peptides.

Tandem mass spectrometry of electrospray ionized multiply charged peptide ions is commonly used to identify the sequence of peptide(s) and infer the identity of source protein(s). Doubly protonated peptide ions are consistently the most efficiently sequenced ions following collision-induced dissociation of peptides generated by tryptic digestion. While the broad characteristics of longer (N ≥ 8 residue) doubly protonated peptides have been investigated, there is comparatively little data on shorter systems where charge repulsion should exhibit the greatest influence on the dissociation chemistry. To address this gap and further understand the chemistry underlying collisional-dissociation of doubly charged tryptic peptides, two series of analytes ([GxR+2H]2+ and [AxR+2H]2+, x = 2-5) were investigated experimentally and with theory. We find distinct differences in the preference of bond cleavage sites for these peptides as a function of size and to a lesser extent composition. Density functional calculations at two levels of theory predict that the threshold relative energies required for bond cleavages at the same site for peptides of different size are quite similar (for example, b2-yN-2). In isolation, this finding is inconsistent with experiment. However, the predicted extent of entropy change of these reactions is size dependent. Subsequent RRKM rate constant calculations provide a far clearer picture of the kinetics of the competing bond cleavage reactions enabling rationalization of experimental findings. The M06-2X data were substantially more consistent with experiment than were the B3LYP data.