cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The tattooed therapist: Exposure, disclosure, transference

Following an intense experience with a client who inadvertently discovered my tattoo, I became interested in the dynamics of clinicians’ disclosing this particular kind of personal information to psychotherapy patients. My interviews with tattooed colleagues explored the erotic, aggressive, and narcissistic overtones of such revelations, as well as their more affiliative nuances, given the growing likelihood that many clients have themselves modified their bodies in this way. I found that whatever their disclosure decisions – and however much they eschewed traditional notions about the psychopathology of tattooing – the practitioners I interviewed were equivocal about revealing tattoos in professional settings. The idea of the tattoo, despite its embrace by mainstream culture, is still strongly identified with a kind of deviant identity – and a defiance of patriarchal authority – that makes thoughtful tattoo wearers think twice about the message they are sending out.
Latency and User Performance in Virtual Environments and Augmented Reality

System rendering latency has been recognized by senior researchers, such as Professor Fredrick Brooks of UNC (Turing Award 1999), as a major factor limiting the realism and utility of head-referenced displays systems. Latency has been shown to reduce the user's sense of immersion within a virtual environment, disturb user interaction with virtual objects, and to contribute to motion sickness during some simulation tasks. Latency, however, is not just an issue for external display systems since finite nerve conduction rates and variation in transduction times in the human body's sensors also pose problems for latency management within the nervous system. Some of the phenomena arising from the brain's handling of sensory asynchrony due to latency will be discussed as a prelude to consideration of the effects of latency in interactive displays. The causes and consequences of the erroneous movement that appears in displays due to latency will be illustrated with examples of the user performance impact provided by several experiments. These experiments will review the generality of user sensitivity to latency when users judge either object or environment stability. Hardware and signal processing countermeasures will also be discussed. In particular the tuning of a simple extrapolative predictive filter not using a dynamic movement model will be presented. Results show that it is possible to adjust this filter so that the appearance of some latencies may be hidden without the introduction of perceptual artifacts such as overshoot. Several examples of the effects of user performance will be illustrated by three-dimensional tracking and tracing tasks executed in virtual environments. These experiments demonstrate classic phenomena known from work on manual control and show the need for very responsive systems if they are indented to support precise manipulation. The practical benefits of removing interfering latencies from interactive systems will be emphasized with some classic final examples from surgical telerobotics, and human-computer interaction.
The Withering Away of the American Labor Party

Wolfe examines the American Labor Party (1936-56) papers in Rutgers Special Collections to shed light on the latter years of the party's existance from 1948 to 1956, which had not been extensively covered in scholarly literature.
A mathematical model of venous neointimal hyperplasia formation

Background In hemodialysis patients, the most common cause of vascular access failure is neointimal hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells at the venous anastomosis of arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. The release of growth factors due to surgical injury, oxidative stress and turbulent flow has been suggested as a possible mechanism for neointimal hyperplasia.
The Alabama decision: unequivocal blessing?

Recent court decisions, especially the Alabama Wyatt vs. Stickney case, require a close administrative appraisal since the implications and outcomes may not be altogether salutary. This paper explores some of the implications of this decision in terms of budget conflicts, economics, effects of growth, and rate of growth. It seems evident that administrators will need to exercise great skill in implementation of an overly simplified legal decision.
Screening for phenylketonuria

Phenylketonuria can be defined as a persistent hyperphenylalaninaemia (> 240 umol/l ) , with associated secondary tyrosine deficiency, and with excretion of phenylketones in the urine of the affected individual. A number of different enzyme deficiencies can be responsible for these biochemical findings, (Fig. 1 ), but by far the majority of affected patients will have a recessively inherited defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase activity and these form the basis of this review.
Modulation of glomerular proteoglycans by insulin-like growth factor-1

Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF) on the synthesis of glomerular proteoglycans (PGs) in an ex vivo recirculating organ perfusion system was investigated. Kidneys were perfused with a medium (approximately 80 ml) containing [35S]-sulfate (250 microCi/ml) and IGF (62.5 to 625 ng/ml). After radiolabeling, a small cortical piece was saved for tissue autoradiography, and the remaining kidney and the perfusion medium were utilized for biochemical studies. The glomeruli were isolated; their PGs extracted and characterized. A two- to threefold increase of the total radioactivities in tissue and media fractions was observed with the exposure to IGF. By Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, the tissue PGs eluted as two peaks (A and B) with Kav = 0.24 and 0.48, and the majority of the radioactivity was confined to peak A. This peak contained intact PGs while peak B included glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. Elution profiles of the glomerular PGs were similar in the control and IGF groups. However, there was a disproportionate increase of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in the IGF group. The media fractions also had two peaks, and most of the radioactivity was associated with peak B containing GAG chains. A remarkable accentuation of peak B along with significant increase in the chondroitin/dermatan sulfate were observed in the IGF group. By DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, the PGs/GAGs of IGF group eluted at a relatively lower salt concentration as compared to the control. Autoradiography revealed a relatively high concentration of radioactivity over the mesangium as compared to the other cell types of the glomerulus. [35S]-methionine studies revealed a generalized increase of protein synthesis in the IGF group, but comparatively much less than that of PGs/GAGs. These results indicate that IGF enhances the biosynthesis of PGs/GAGs by various cell types of the renal glomerulus, especially that of the mesangial cell, as reflected by the selective increase of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate.
Priorities for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Control: A Comparison of Policy Needs in Five European Countries

Abstract In 2006, the European Parliament designated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a serious public health problem, recognizing it as both a complex and deadly cancer. The authors conducted the first comparative needs assessment for HCC across five European countries. One hundred HCC experts assessed ten dimensions of HCC control. Common needs exist for lifestyle risk factor management (p < 0.001), political awareness (p < 0.001) and public awareness (p < 0.001). Discordances were found on funding for treatment (p = 0.001) and screening (p = 0.006), hepatitis C (p = 0.035), and hepatitis B (p = 0.050) strategies. The findings identify the priority needs, both common and country-specific, that should be addressed in these countries.
Predictors of acute chemotherapy-associated toxicity in patients with Ewing sarcoma.

Background Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a malignant tumor of bone and soft tissue of children and young adults. Patients with ES are treated with intensive chemotherapy regimens. We describe predictors of acute chemotherapy-associated toxicity in this population. Procedure In this retrospective cohort study, records of ES patients treated at two academic medical centers between 1980 and 2010 were reviewed. Grade 3 and 4 non-hematologic chemotherapy-associated toxicities during frontline therapy were recorded for each patient, along with potential clinical and demographic predictors of toxicity. Bivariate analyses were performed using the Fisher exact test. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results The cohort included 142 patients with ES and toxicity data. In bivariate analyses, age <12 years at diagnosis, Latino ethnicity, low family income, and treatment on a clinical trial were associated with higher incidence of toxicity (P < 0.01). Tumor size, site, stage, mode of local control, body mass index, overall chemotherapy exposure and dose-intensity were not associated with toxicity. In multivariate analysis, low income (odds ratio (OR) 4.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–13.1), clinical trial enrollment (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.2–10.9), pelvic tumor site (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.17–12.88), and age <12 years (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.0–7.5) were independent predictors of toxicity. Conclusion ES patients who are younger, of Latino ethnicity, have pelvic tumors or low income have higher rates of toxicity that may require increased supportive care. Treatment on a clinical trial was also associated with higher rates of toxicity, though this finding may reflect better reporting in these patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:611–616. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α1B receptors are the main postsynaptic mediators of adrenergic excitation in brainstem motoneurons, a single-cell RT-PCR study

Norepinephrine (NE) is an important modulator of brainstem motoneurons. It is released at high levels during wakefulness, whereas its reduced release during sleep may contribute to motor suppression, including upper airway hypotonia. To identify the receptors that mediate postsynaptic effects of NE in brainstem motoneurons of juvenile and adult rats, we determined the pattern of adrenoceptor mRNA expression and co-expression in retrogradely labeled and acutely dissociated hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons (n=121) using single-cell, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The alpha(1B) receptor mRNA was present in most motoneurons (33/39 or 85%). The remaining six adrenoceptor mRNA species investigated were consistently present in micropunches of tissue extracted from the XII nucleus, but were either rarely expressed in individual motoneurons (alpha(1A) mRNA in 15%, alpha(1D) in 14%, alpha(2B/C) in 2% of cells) or absent (alpha(2A), beta(1) and beta(2)). When present, the alpha(1A) and alpha(1D) mRNAs were co-expressed with alpha(1B) mRNA. The adrenoceptor mRNA expression profiles in dissociated locus coeruleus and inferior olive neurons were significantly different. We conclude that postsynaptic effects of NE in XII motoneurons are primarily mediated by alpha(1B) receptors; the effects ascribed to alpha(2) and/or beta adrenoceptors may be exerted presynaptically.
Deletion of KCC3 in parvalbumin neurons leads to locomotor deficit in a conditional mouse model of peripheral neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC or ACCPN) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the disruption of the SLC12A6 gene, which encodes the K–Cl cotransporter-3 (KCC3). A ubiquitous deletion of KCC3 in mice leads to severe locomotor deficits similar to ACCPN patients. However, the underlying pathological mechanism leading to the disease remains unclear. Even though a recent study suggests that the neuropathic features of ACCPN are mostly due to neuronal loss of KCC3, the specific cell type responsible for the disease is still unknown. Here we established four tissue specific KCC3 knockout mouse lines to explore the cell population origin of ACCPN. Our results showed that the loss of KCC3 in parvalbumin-positive neurons led to significant locomotor deficit, suggesting a crucial role of these neurons in the development of the locomotor deficit. Interestingly, mice in which KCC3 deletion was driven by the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) did not develop any phenotype. Furthermore, we demonstrated that nociceptive neurons targeted with Nav1.8-driven CRE and Schwann cells targeted with a desert hedgehog-driven CRE were not involved in the development of ACCPN. Together, these results establish that the parvalbumin-positive neuronal population is an important player in the pathogenic development of ACCPN.
Longevity of fluorine-bearing tremolite on Venus

Abstract There is a general belief that hydrous minerals cannot exist on Venus under current surface conditions. This view was challenged when Johnson and Fegley (2000, Icarus 146, 301–306) showed that tremolite (Ca 2 Mg 5 Si 8 O 22 (OH) 2 ), a hydrous mineral, is stable against thermal decomposition at current Venus surface temperatures, e.g., 50% decomposition in 4 Ga at 740 K. To further explore hydrous mineral thermal stability on Venus, we experimentally determined the thermal decomposition kinetics of fluorine-bearing tremolite. Fluor-tremolite is thermodynamically more stable than OH-tremolite and should decompose more slowly. However how much slower was unknown. We measured the decomposition rate of fluorine-bearing tremolite and show that its decomposition is several times to greater than ten times slower than that of OH-tremolite. We also show that F-bearing tremolite is depleted in fluorine after decomposition and that fluorine is lost as a volatile species such as HF gas. If tremolite ever formed on Venus, it would probably also contain fluorine. The exceptional stability of F-bearing tremolite strengthens our conclusions that if hydrous minerals ever formed on Venus, they could still be there today.
Social-psychological factors affecting language maintenance: Interviews with Shin Nisei university students in Hawaii

Abstract This article examines social-psychological factors affecting language maintenance by analyzing a group of second-generation heritage language learners' reflections on their networks of language contacts in childhood and adolescence. The focused group is American Shin Nisei (new second generation Japanese) university students in Hawaii. The data were collected through intensive interviews with six bilingual and semibilingual focal students and through extensive interviews with numerous other Shin Nisei university students. A statistical reference is also provided. Analysis indicates the strong assimilative pulls of the dominant culture even in multicultural/multiethnic Hawaii. In this sociocultural milieu, Japanese mothers play a critical role in Shin Niseis' Japanese language maintenance, especially oral skills, although a mother's choices cannot determine children's behavior; their language behavior interacts with social identity, which may change across time and space. This article also discusses problems facing educational institutions for Japanese language maintenance in Hawaii, such as the dominant use of English at heritage language schools and Shin Nisei students' socially frustrating and academically unsatisfactory learning experiences in formal foreign language classes.
Prospects for facial allograft transplantation in humans.

The face is a functional as well as an esthetic part of the body. It is the window through which we interact with others: two thirds of our communication is through nonverbal facial expressions. Reconstructing partial or full facial deformities caused by burns, trauma, or tumors still challenges most reconstructive surgeons. The ideal reconstructive procedure should address both the functional and esthetic units of the face.
Fabrication and characterization of SiO2 microcantilever for microsensor application

SiO2 microcantilevers were developed to improve the sensitivity of microcantilever sensors. Silicon plasma dry etching technique was employed to release SiO2 cantilever from bulk silicon at high rate using an ordinary 2 m thickness of SiO2 covered silicon wafer. The V-shaped microcantilever is 200m long, 25m wide, and 2m thick. The spring constant of the cantilevers was measured to be 0.104 N/m. Significant deflection amplitude of the microcantilever was observed upon exposure of low concentration of aminoethanethiol due to its low spring constant. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
RELATION OF URINARY 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS TO PORTER- SILBER CHROMOGENS IN CERTAIN ADRENAL CORTICAL DISORDERS AND "IDIOPATHIC" HIRSUTISM.

Urinary 17-ketogenic steroids (17-KGS) were found to be disproportionately elevated compared to Porter-Silber chromogens (PSC) in 3 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 2 with adrenocortical carcinoma, 2 with virilizing adrenocortical hyperplasia and 21 with idiopathic hirsutism. Pregnanetriol accounted for the elevated 17-KGS only in the patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In patients with idiopathic hirsutism, 12 of a group of 21 were observed to have a large excess of 17-KGS over PSC. Cortisol secretion rate was determined in only 1 patient in this subgroup, who had a high 17-KGS/PSC ratio which was found to be abnormally elevated to 37 mg/24 hr, yet the urinary PSC did not reveal this increased cortisol secretion although the 17-KGS suggested it. It appears that some patients with adrenal cortical disorders, and especially those with idiopathic hirsutism, metabolize cortisol excessively through pathways leading to excretion of adrenocorticoids, which are measured as 17-KGS but not a...
Current Depression Interventions for Older Adults: A Review of Service Delivery Approaches in Primary Care, Home-Based, and Community-Based Settings

Although evidence-based depression interventions exist, relatively few older adults seek care from mental health specialists. Moreover, studies that examine the models used to deliver mental health services have been limited. In light of an aging and diversifying population, this article reviews current depression interventions for older adults in non-mental health clinics. A total of 21 articles were included in this review focusing on depression interventions conducted in primary care, home-based, and community-based settings. Notably, care manager-based interventions and problem solving interventions reduced depression across settings. Very few studies focused on racial/ethnic minority populations. Models of geriatric service delivery are highlighted and implications for ethnic minority older adults are discussed in light of health care reform.
Selective disruption of energy flow from phycobilisomes to Photosystem I.

Efficient production of ATP and NADPH by the ‘light’ reactions of oxygen-evolving photosynthesis demands continuous adjustment of transfer of absorbed light energy from antenna complexes to Photosystem I (PS I) and II (PS II) reaction center complexes in response to changes in light quality. Treatment of intact cyanobacterial cells with N-ethylmaleimide appears to disrupt energy transfer from phycobilisomes to Photosystem I (PS I). Energy transfer from phycobilisomes to Photosystem II (PS II) is unperturbed. Spectroscopic analysis indicates that the individual complexes (phycobilisomes, PS II, PS I) remain functionally intact under these conditions. The results are consistent with the presence of connections between phycobiliproteins and both PS II and PS I, but they do not support the existence of direct contacts between the two photosystems.
Rotational and vibration-rotational intensities of CS isotopes

Abstract Rotational and vibration-rotational intensities (dipole-moment matrix elements and Einstein A coefficients) have been calculated for the four most abundant isotopes of CS for the following sets of rotational and vibrational quantum numbers: J ′ − J = ±1 for 0 ≤ J ′ ≤ 200, and 0 ≤ v ′ − v ≤ 4 for 0 ≤ v ′ ≤ 20. The transition moments were calculated using both a series expansion and a Pade approximant representation for the dipole-moment function obtained from ab initio calculations and numerical vibration-rotational wavefunctions computed via a solution of the radial Schrodinger equation with accurate RKR potential-energy functions. Representative numerical results for bandhead positions and dipole-moment matrix elements of vibration-rotational transitions of 12 C 32 S are presented and compared with experimental and theoretical results of other workers. Explicit results are also given for a number of lines in the pure rotational band of CS that are of interest to radio astronomers.
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS IN DERMATOLOGY: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

The majority of current antiviral agents have become available only during the past decade. The above mentioned antiviral drugs, especially the viral-TK-specific agents have attempted to bring antiviral therapy on par with antimicrobial therapy. The fact, that cells infected with viruses can be selected against the relatively low toxicity to the patient, highlights the present state of antiviral therapy. Since viral infection can be viewed as an integral component of the self (i.e., a condition that cannot simply be surgically eliminated), the science of medicine is turning to the components of the self to overcome such conditions. By administering immune-system-derived agents (e.g., interferons) or compounds that stimulate the immune system (e.g., adjuvants like imiquimod), previously unmanageable conditions become manageable. The future of antiviral therapy will undoubtedly be at the molecular level. With greater understanding of the virus and the immune system with which it interacts, more specific and efficacious antiviral agents will be added to the arsenal of the clinician.
Behavioral properties of psychoactive phenylisopropylamines in rats.

Abstract Rats were trained to discriminate injections of 5-methoxy.N,N-dime hyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT. 3.0 mg/kg), a hallucinogenic agent for which a serotonergic mechanism has been implicated. from sahine in a two-lever drug discrimination task. After reliable levels of accuracy (>85%) were attained, the ability of the 5-OMe DMT cue to generalize to 36 substituted phenylisopropylamines (or their optical isomers) was assessed. The results reveal that. in general, the challenge compounds could be differentiated into three broad categories: Those that produced 5-OMe DMT-appropriate responding (generalization), those that produced partial 5-OMe DMT.appropriate responding (partial generalization) and those that produced negligible 5-OMe DMT-appropriate responding. It is concluded that certain of the substituted phenylisopropylamines. unlike amphetamine itself, can produce effects in rats similar to those produced by the training dose of 5-OMe DMT. and that a serotonergic mechanism might be involved.
Stability of reaction-diffusion-convection systems: the case of linear shear flow

Abstract We determine the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues that govern the stability of a homogeneous steady state of chemical systems with equal diffusion coefficients in linear shear flow. Linear shear flow delays the onset of instabilities in such systems, and introduces oscillatory time scales for perturbations of short wavelength in the direction of the flow.
In vitro Transplantation of Fetal Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells onto Human Cadaver Bruch's Membrane☆☆☆

Retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has been proposed as adjunctive treatment for age-related macular degeneration following surgical excision of choroidal neovascular membranes. The goal of this study was to develop a model to evaluate retinal pigment epithelium transplantation onto human Bruch's membrane in vitro. We investigated the ability of cultured fetal human retinal pigment epithelium to colonize human cadaver Bruch's membrane, determined the incubation time needed to form a monolayer and to exhibit apical microvilli and tight junctions, and assessed the production of basement membrane. Freshly enucleated (less than 48 hours old) human eyes were cut through the pars plana, and the anterior segment, vitreous, and retina were removed. The native retinal pigment epithelium was debrided with a surgical sponge. Bruch's membrane and choroid at the macula were trephined with a 7.0 mm diameter trephine and then incubated with 1/2 ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium +15% fetal calf serum+basic fibroblast growth factor (1 ng ml-1), and fetal human retinal pigment epithelium at a concentration of 242,000 cells ml-1. Specimens were incubated for 1, 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 hours. The specimens were fixed in half strength Karnovsky's fixative, processed, and analysed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The retinal pigment epithelium covered the debrided macular specimens to different degrees at different incubation times. After 1 hour, the cells started to attach and flatten (median percent coverage: 78%). The extent of Bruch's membrane coverage by fetal retinal pigment epithelium varied greatly between specimens. After 4-6 hours, the cells covered the entire debrided surface in a monolayer (median percent coverage: 97.2% at 4 hours, 99.8% at 6 hours). Tight junctions were observed, and the cells had few apical microvilli. The lateral cell borders were obliquely oriented with respect to Bruch's membrane, and the nuclei were elongated, exhibited prominent nucleoli, and were oriented parallel to Bruch's membrane. After 6-8 hours, cells started to become hexagonal (median percent coverage at 8 hours: 99.97%). Cells attached to the inner collagenous layer tended to be flatter than cells attached to residual native basement membrane. At 12 and 24 hours, expression of hexagonal shape, tight junctions, and apical microvilli were observed more frequently (median percent coverage: 99.87% at 12 and 100% at 24 hours). No newly formed basement membrane was observed at these time points. In separate experiments comparing attachment in the presence and absence of native RPE basement membrane, the presence of native retinal pigment epithelial basement membrane promoted the early attachment of the cells and more rapid expression of normal morphology. This in vitro system provides a reproducible way to study the adherence of retinal pigment epithelium to normal and diseased human Bruch's membrane.
Androgen regulation of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion in the male rat following novelty and foot shock stressors

To examine mechanisms responsible for sex differences in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness to stress, we studied the role of androgens in the regulation of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) responses to foot shock and novelty stressors in gonadectomized (GDX) or intact male F344 rats. Foot shock or exposure to a novel open field increased plasma ACTH and CORT, which was significantly greater in GDX vs. intacts. Testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHT) treatment of GDX animals returned poststress levels of ACTH and CORT to intact levels. Estrogen treatment of GDX males further increased poststress CORT secretion above GDX levels. There was no difference in the ACTH response of anterior pituitaries from intact, GDX, and GDX+DHT animals to CRF using an in vitro perifusion system. There were no differences in beta max or binding affinity of type I or II CORT receptors in the hypothalamus or hippocampus of intact, GDX, or GDX+DHT groups. These data demonstrate an effect of GDX on hormonal indices of stress. The increased response in GDX rats appears to be due to the release from androgen receptor mediated inhibition of the HPA axis. This inhibition by androgen is not due to changes in anterior pituitary sensitivity to CRH, nor to changes in type I or type II corticosteroid receptor concentrations.
Phosphonic acid analogs of GABA through reductive dealkylation of phosphonic diesters with lithium trialkylborohydrides

Abstract Lithium trialkylborohydrides were found to effect rapid monodealkylation of phosphonic diesters, and this reaction was applied to the synthesis of alkylphosphonic acid 2-aminoethyl esters [H2N(CH2)2OP(OH)R, 4], a little-explored class of analogs of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Compound 4a (R = Me) proved to be a potent antagonist at human ρ1 GABAC receptors (expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes), with an IC50 of 11.1 μM, but is inactive at α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors.
Preliminary communication: The synthesis of new mesogenic 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐carboxylate esters via a novel ring‐closure

Two new 5‐substituted 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐carboxylate esters have been synthesized via ring closure of appropriate tricarbonyl precursors using Lawesson's reagent. The chemistry described is the first report of such methodology in the organic literature. The new materials display broad smectic C phases and show considerable potential for use in electrooptic display devices.
Plane irrotational flows of rigid-viscoplastic bodies

The angle of inclination of a Hencky-Prandtl net is a harmonic function if and only if the net describes the slip line field of a plane irrotation flow of a rigid-perfectly plastic or of a rigid-viscoplastic body. As we show here, such flows are of limited variety — they are either familiar types or are geometrically similar to a model flow whose velocity field can be represented in parametric form in terms of the complex error function. The local and global features of the model velocity field are studied in detail by the method of complex variables, and the nature and positions of flow singularities and stagnation points are determined.
Recrystallization of Lead Free Solder Joints: Confounding the Interpretation of Accelerated Thermal Cycling Results?

A primary concern of any reliability engineer is whether failure in accelerated testing may be caused by a different damage mechanism than the one that determines life in service. The recent suggestion that thermal expansion mismatch induced fatigue and failure of lead free solder joints under realistic service conditions may progress without the recrystallization seen to play a major role in accelerated thermal cycling thus requires systematic investigation. A total different concern is the ever recurring question of to which extent thermal cycling can be replaced by much faster isothermal cycling tests. The observation that the damage mechanisms tend to be completely different, one leading to transgranular cracking the other to intergranular cracking of lead free BGA solder joints, would seem to invalidate such ideas completely. Importantly, most practical service scenarios involve the combination of more than one loading conditions. This may be as simple as thermal excursions to different temperatures or vibrations with two different frequencies or amplitudes, but it may also involve a combination of thermal excursions and vibration, for example. Reliability prediction almost invariably relies on the explicit or implicit assumption of some principle of damage accumulation, most commonly Miner’s rule. These assumptions do, however, break down much more often than commonly recognized. One important reason for this, albeit clearly not the only one, would be the different effects of recrystallization. All of these concerns prompted an ongoing investigation to identify the parameters determining whether recrystallization will affect lead free solder fatigue life and what would be the practical consequences.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Field Evaluation of a Personal, Bioaerosol Cyclone Sampler

A personal cyclone sampler (cyclone) was operated continuously alongside a 25-mm filter sampler (filter), a slit impactor (Burkard slide), and a high-volume cyclone sampler (Burkard cyclone) at an outdoor location with abundant naturally occurring fungi (N = 30; sampling time: 12.5 ± 2.3 hr). Air concentrations (spore m-3) of 28 fungal groups were determined for all samplers by microscopy. Cyclone performance was judged using various indices to determine if it agreed with the other samplers in determination of the frequencies with which the fungal groups were observed, as well as their proportions of the total air concentration. Fungal diversity estimates were similar for all samplers and in the range of what has been reported nationally, i.e., observation of 9–11 equal groups per sample, but spore concentration dominated by 2–3 groups. Plots of paired cyclone:comparison sampler ratios against average concentrations identified biases. For example, ratios were correlated with concentration and there was gr...
Social Workers' Knowledge and Perceptions of Effectiveness and Acceptability of Medication Assisted Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Data from a national study of 345 privately funded, community-based substance use disorder (SUD) treatment centers were used to investigate social workers' knowledge, perceptions of effectiveness, and perceptions of the acceptability of medication assisted treatments (MATs) for SUDs. Results reveal the importance of exposure to MATs for social workers to develop a knowledge base regarding the effectiveness of various pharmacological agents. Results also underline the importance of social workers' perceptions of effectiveness in forming opinions regarding the acceptability of the use of MATs in SUD treatment. Lastly, a 12-Step orientation toward treatment has a negative influence on social workers' opinions regarding the acceptability of MATs.
Modulation Of Calcium Fluxes In Human Platelets By Human Milk in vitro † 21

The effect of adding human milk (HM) to washed fura-2 loaded human platelets was investigated in vitro. The effect of thrombin (0.01 U/ml) to increase intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i), when calcium was present in the medium, was inhibited approx. 60% by a brief (10 second) treatment with HM (6% produced the maximum inhibition). Similar inhibition of the ability of vasopressin to increase ([Ca2+]i) was also observed. The effect of thrombin to mobilize intracellular calcium in platelets (5 mM EGTA in the medium) was inhibited approx. 70% by HM (4% produced the maximum inhibition). This result suggests the HM contains a factor or factors that prevent thrombin from increasing([Ca2+]i) in platelets, perhaps by either stimulating calcium efflux from the platelet, inhibiting intracellular calcium release or stimulating calcium uptake into the intracellular stores. When calcium influx into platelets was measured using barium ions as a calcium surrogate, HM blocked the influx by approx. 70% (4% produced the maximum inhibition). This result also implies that HM also contains a factor that inhibits calcium influx across the plasma membrane. Significant effects could be observed with 1% HM on all three parameters. The inhibitory activity did not pass through a 10 KDa molecular weight cut off filter. The inhibitory effect of HM was substantially reduced by heating the milk for 15 min. at 100 C. Treating HM with 0.3 M HCl or 0.5M NaOH at room temperature for 10 min. had no effect on activity. It is concluded that HM contains a factors or factors that reduce the ability of thrombin to increase [Ca2+]i in platelets by both blocking calcium influx and preventing mobilization from internal calcium stores, alternatively the plasma membrane calcium ATPase pump may be activated. The factor is stable to mild acid and base treatment is heat labile and has a molecular weight in excess of 10 KDa. Because platelets participate in propagation of the acute inflammatory response, human milk factors that modify intracellular signalling in platelets might contribute to the anti-inflammatory character of human milk.
Semi-active suspensions with adaptive capability

This paper deals with the synthesis of control laws for a 2-DOF model of a vehicle with a semi-active suspension. The suspension system consists of a continuously variable damper and a spring that can vary the suspension stiffness among three different levels. An optimal control law governing the variation of damping and stiffness is derived using optimal control theory. This control law minimizes a performance index that trades off measures of ride comfort, road-holding and suspension rattle space. The possibility of having preview information about the future road input is also accounted for in the formulation. Adaptation of control laws to various road and speed conditions is discussed. The system performance in both time and frequency domains is evaluated by numerical simulations. Variation of the suspension stiffness is found to be particularly beneficial in improving ride characteristics when preview information is available.
Elastic properties of CuCo multilayers

Abstract The acoustic phonon modes of sputter-deposited CuCo multilayers were studied using Brillouin scattering. These are the first such measurements to be made on an f.c.c.-f.c.c. multilayer system. The multilayer samples had a fixed atomic percentage of cobalt (53 at.%). The effective elastic constants of the multilayer samples, which were obtained by comparing the data with calculated dispersion curves for the phonon modes, were independent of the multilayer modulation wavelength.
Lipid Tubule Self-Assembly: Length Dependence on Cooling Rate Through a First-Order Phase Transition

The formation kinetics and self-assembly of multilamellar tubules of the diacetylenic phospholipid 1,2-bis(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine formed under controlled cooling rates were studied by x-ray diffraction and optical, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy. Tubule formation was driven by a reversible first-order phase transition from an intralamellar, chain-melted L(alpha) phase to a chain-frozen L(beta), phase. These observations are the basis of a highly efficient method of tubule production in which tubule lengths can be controlled, between 1 and 100 micrometers, by varying the cooling rate. These tubules can be made in suspensions with 10 percent lipid by mass, far exceeding the lipid solubility limit.
Regulation of Tight Junction Assembly and Epithelial Polarity by a Resident Protein of Apical Endosomes

The establishment of tight junctions and cell polarity is an essential process in all epithelia. Endotubin is an integral membrane protein found in apical endosomes of developing epithelia when tight junctions and epithelial polarity first arise. We found that the disruption of endotubin function in cells in culture by siRNA or overexpression of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of endotubin causes defects in organization and function of tight junctions. We observe defects in localization of tight junction proteins, reduced transepithelial resistance, increased lanthanum penetration between cells and reduced ability of cells to form cysts in three-dimensional culture. In addition, in cells overexpressing the C-terminal domain of endotubin, we observe a delay in re-establishing the normal distribution of endosomes after calcium switch. These results suggest that endotubin regulates trafficking of polarity proteins and tight junction components out of the endosomal compartment, thereby providing a critical link between a resident protein of apical endosomes and tight junctions.
Infrared helioseismology: detection of the chromospheric mode

We have observed solar oscillations using a new instrumental technique in a relatively unexplored region of the solar spectrum. We obtained a 2-day sequence of line profiles, at 30 second intervals, for a pure rotation line of OH at 11.065 μm, using a laser heterodyne spectrometer to view a 2 arc-sec portion of the quiet Sun at disk center. The continuous opacity of the solar atmosphere increases with wavelength longward of 1.6 μm, so 11 μm lines are formed in the upper photosphere, near h = 250 km. In this region the OH rotational transitions have ΔJ=1 collisional rates which are two orders of magnitude larger than their radiative rates. Hence the OH lines have source functions which are equal to the Planck function, and the high spectral purity provided by the laser heterodyne technique makes their line profiles especially appropriate for investigating the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. We have recently reported (Deming et al. 1986) that oscillations in this OH line show evidence of a resonance due to a cavity in the solar chromosphere.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RECENTLY OUTDATED ACD BLOOD AND SOME DETERMINANTS OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS.

Twenty samples of outdated ACD blood were characterized by the following determinations: nucleotide composition, osmotic fragility, pH, hematocrit, final glucose concentration, plasma hemoglobin, and plasma K+. In all tests, considerable variability existed among samples. In four samples, these determinations were made daily from day 21 to day 25. In this series there were no consistent daily trends, variability being greater from sample to sample than from day to day. In another study, six stored blood samples from apparently healthy young adults were followed weekly for ATP. Those samples that initially had higher ATP levels retained this differential throughout storage, the rate of ATP breakdown being nearly the same for all samples. Of these samples, those with higher blood ATP levels had faster glycolytic rates.
Autocrine Growth Factor Signaling by Insulin-like Growth Factor-II Mediates MyoD-stimulated Myocyte Maturation

Skeletal muscle differentiation, maturation, and regeneration are regulated by interactions between intrinsic genetic programs controlled by myogenic transcription factors, including members of the MyoD and MEF2 families, and environmental cues mediated by hormones and growth factors. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) also play key roles in muscle development, and in the maintenance and repair of mature muscle, but their mechanisms of interaction with other muscle regulatory networks remain undefined. To evaluate the potential interplay between MyoD and IGF signaling pathways, we have studied muscle differentiation in C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts acutely converted to myoblasts by quantitative infection with a recombinant adenovirus encoding mouse MyoD. In these cells, IGF-II gene and protein expression are induced as early events in differentiation, and the IGF-I receptor and downstream signaling molecules, including Akt, are rapidly activated. Interference with IGF-II production by a tetracycline-inhibited adenovirus expressing an IGF-II cDNA in the antisense orientation reversibly inhibited both production of muscle-specific structural proteins and myocyte fusion to form multinucleated myotubes. Similar results were achieved with a tetracycline-inhibited adenovirus expressing dominant-negative Akt. Our observations identify a robust autocrine amplification network in which MyoD enhances the later steps in muscle differentiation by induction of a locally acting growth factor.
Isolation of lymphocytes from clotted blood

A problem often faced in clinical cell-mediated immunology research is to obtain peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in sufficient numbers to carry out cellular immune assays. Obtaining sufficient amounts of blood for serum is usually more practical than for PBLs. Blood is usually drawn easily for serum, but obtaining PBLs from clotted blood has not been very practical. In this report we describe a procedure whereby PBLs can be recovered from clotted blood and used in functional immune assays. Using the enzyme streptokinase (SK) blood clots were dissolved and viable PBLs recovered up to 24 h post clotting. Concentrations of SK from 250 to 500 SK U/ml gave maximum recovery of PBLs.
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with atrial septal defects

Two patients presented in profound respiratory distress unresponsive to maximal support and were placed on venovenous ECMO. Subsequently, both were found to have a patent foramen ovale and high pulmonary artery pressures, resulting in a right to left shunt. Both patients had a better than expected response to ECMO, likely related to their shunts allowing oxygenated blood to bypass the high pulmonary artery pressures and go directly to the left heart. Both patients were successfully weaned from ECMO and discharged to home in good condition.
The tax/subsidy relation between member banks and the federal reserve system

Abstract This paper identifies and measures the costs (taxes) and benefits (subsidies) of membership in the Federal Reserve System for the period 1923–1976 and considers two hypotheses. The first, that banks have made membership decisions partly on the basis of net taxes and subsidies, is tested empirically. The second, that the Federal Reserve has reacted to this bank behavior by attempting to alter specific taxes and subsidies to affect membership, is treated through analysis of Fed actions. The conclusions contain recommendations for possible alternate policies.
Abstract IA21: Using viruses to advance T cell therapy for malignancy.

Virus-specific T cells effectively prevent and treat viral diseases after stem cell transplantation and have produced complete remissions (CRs) in patients with EBV-positive malignancy outside the transplant setting. The success of EBV-specific T cells is thought to be due to the strong viral antigens expressed by these tumors and the vaccine effect of endogenous EBV. We tested if this endogenous viral vaccine effect could be exploited for the treatment of non-viral malignancy by engrafting chimeric antigen receptors specific for the disialoganglioside,GD2 (GD2.CAR) on EBV-specific T cells and comparing their in vivo expansion with that of GD2.CAR-engrafted CD3-activated T cells (ATCs) in patients with relapsed neuroblastoma. Transgenic EBV-CTLs were detected at higher levels than GD2.CAR-ATCs and 6 of 8 patients without disease at infusion remain tumor-free, while 6 of 11 with disease had tumor responses including 3 CRs. However the expected increase in frequency of EBV-specific T cells in patient blood was not observed, perhaps because EBV was well-controlled in these patients.1,2 To improve this vaccine effect, we looked to VZV, for which a potent, but safe commercially-available vaccine exists. We identified five VZV antigens that we predicted would be presented to the immune system early after infection, generated overlapping peptide libraries (pepmixes) for each and used them to stimulate T- cells from both naturally-infected and vaccinated individuals. T cells expanded in vitro and were antigen-specific as measured on day 9 using γ-IFN ELIspot analysis. T cells specific for all five antigens increased in frequency in response to VZV vaccination. VZV-specific T cells transduced with a GD2.CAR retained their ability to respond to VZV antigens and acquired the ability to eliminate GD2+ tumor cells. Ultimately, we plan to combine GD2.CAR-engrafted, VZV-specific T cells with VZV vaccination for the treatment of patients with relapsed GD2+ tumors. References: 1 Pule et al. Nat Med. 2008 Nov;14(11):1264-70 2 Louis et al. Blood. 2011 Dec 1;118(23):6050-6 Citation Format: Miyuki Yanagisawa, Minhtran Ngo, Cliona M. Rooney, Ann Marie Leen, Juan Vera, Helen E. Heslop, Malcolm K. Brenner. Using viruses to advance T cell therapy for malignancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
TEACHER AS PROPHETIC TRICKSTER

Abstract There are a multitude of powerful cultural archetypes and images of the school teacher. These include nurturing caregiver, guardian of morality, champion of the global economy, self-sacrificing do-gooder, cultural worker, intellectual, tyrant, and many more metaphors. Jim Garrison’s essay introduces another figure, a mythological persona, to the pantheon of images depicting the school teacher — the Trickster. Tricksters are masters of multiple interpretation that cross, bend, break, and redefine borders. Garrison concentrates on prophetic tricksters that create openings in closed structures to reveal hidden possibilities. In practice, many teachers are tricksters. They know how to maneuver in, around, and through rigid bureaucratic structures and standards to connect with their students and make a difference while exercising creative autonomy in the classroom. Garrison’s essay provides examples of trickster teachers drawn from literature depicting classroom practice.