cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Puerto Rican Wannabes Sexual Spectacle and the Marking of Race, Class, and Gender Boundaries

The “Puerto Rican wannabe” is one contemporary, local expression of contested racial identities—identities that are also inflected with class and gender meanings. This study uses interviews with local youth and young adults to explore their use of the caricature of the wannabe to create and contest race, class, and gender boundaries. The wannabe’s challenge to racially designated categories provides a symbol onto which nonwannabe kids project their own stereotypes, anxieties, and desires. The stories told about the wannabe in this study reveal both the persistence and the fragility of race, class, and gender identities and underline the centrality of sexuality in bolstering and undermining them. Boundary negotiations in one category rely on and affect other categories: In this study, the contestation of racial boundaries reestablishes heteronormative and hierarchical gender relations.
The lysosome periphery: biochemical and electrokinetic properties of the tritosome surface.

Normal rat liver lysosomes were isolated by the technique of loading with Triton WR-1339 . Purity of the preparation was monitored with marker enzymes ; a high enrichment in acid hydrolases was obtained in the tritosome fraction . In 0
Nicotinic acetylcholine involvement in cognitive function in animals

Nicotinic cholinergic systems are involved with several important aspects of cognitive function including attention, learning and memory. Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in many regions of the brain, including areas important for cognitive function such as the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Nicotinic agonists have been found in rodent and non-human primate studies to improve performance on a variety of memory tasks. In a complementary fashion, nicotinic antagonists such as mecamylamine impair working memory function. In humans, similar effects have been seen. Nicotinic agonist treatment can improve attention, learning and memory and nicotinic antagonist treatment can cause deficits. To define the neural substrates of nicotinic involvement in cognitive function, three areas of investigation are underway. 1) Critical neuroanatomic loci for nicotinic effects are beginning to be determined. The hippocampus, frontal cortex and midbrain dopaminergic nuclei have been found to be important sites of action for nicotinic involvement in memory function. 2) Nicotinic receptor subtype involvement in cognitive function is being studied. There has been considerable recent work identifying nicotinic receptor subunit conformation including alpha and beta subunits. Nicotinic receptor subtypes appear to be associated with different functional systems; however, much remains to be done to determine the precise role each subtype plays in terms of cognitive function. 3) Nicotinic interactions with other transmitter systems are being assessed. Nicotine receptors interact in important ways with other systems to affect cognitive functioning, including muscarinic ACh, dopamine, norepinepherine, serotonin, glutamate, and other systems. Nicotinic function in clinical populations and potential for therapeutics has been investigated for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Areas which need to receive greater attention are the exact anatomical location and the specific receptor subtypes critically involved in nicotine’s effects. In addition, more work needs to be done to develop and determine the efficacy and safety of novel nicotinic ligands for use in the long-term treatment of human cognitive disorders.
Cetuximab and Cisplatin for Chemotherapy-Refractory Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck

Squamouscellcarcinomaoftheheadandneckremains a challenging clinical problem. The majority of patients who present with stage III and IV disease will not be cured by chemoradiotherapy or surgery, and metastatic disease is increasingly common with the use of successful regimens for treatment of locoregional disease. Systemic therapies have not been curative, and median survival times have remained less than a year for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. Head and neck cancers are rich in expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has been proposed as an important therapeutic target in these tumors. 1 Overexpression has been associated with worse prognosis. 2 Activated EGFR signals via the ras, ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, and stat pathways and results in treatment resistance,angiogenesis,enhancedproliferation,andexpression
Evolution of social organization: a reappraisal for primates by using phylogenetic methods

Abstract For many animal taxa, the extent to which phylogeny can account for the form of species' social systems has seldom been investigated formally. A quantitative phylogenetic analysis of social systems in the order Primates reveals that social organization may be strongly conserved in some lineages, even in the face of considerable ecological variability. This result has important implications for efforts to understand the evolution of animal societies and for attempts to reconstruct the social organization of early humans.
Identification of the binding site for Gqα on its effector Bruton’s tyrosine kinase

Heterotrimeric G proteins and tyrosine kinases are two major cellular signal transducers. Although G proteins are known to activate tyrosine kinases, the activation mechanism is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that G protein Gqα binds directly to the nonreceptor Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) to a region composed of a Tec-homology (TH) domain and a sarcoma virus tyrosine kinase (Src)-homology 3 (SH3) domain both in vitro and in vivo. Only active GTP-bound Gqα, not inactive GDP-bound Gqα, can bind to Btk. Mutations of Btk that disrupt its ability to bind Gqα also eliminate Btk stimulation by Gqα, suggesting that this interaction is important for Btk activation. Remarkably, the structure of this TH (including a proline-rich sequence) -SH3 fragment of the Btk family of tyrosine kinases shows an intramolecular interaction. Furthermore, the crystal structure of the Src family of tyrosine kinases reveals that the intramolecular interaction of SH3 and its ligand is the major determining factor keeping the kinase inactive. Thus, we propose an activation model that entails binding of Gqα to the TH-SH3 region, thereby disrupting the TH-SH3 intramolecular interaction and activating Btk.
Analysis and design of TRAP and LCL filters for active switching converters

This paper presents two main filters widely used in industry for three phase active converters. The filters are the Trap and the LCL. These filters are primarily used to reduce switching frequency ripple and to meet IEEE 519 THD requirements. The main goal of this paper is to develop the algorithms which give optimized values of the Inductors and Capacitors of Trap and LCL filters. The algorithm also includes the effect of source inductance. Using the algorithm we will design the Trap and LCL filters for a 125kW active converter. Simulation and experimental results reveal the performance of the Trap and LCL filter. This paper also compares the Trap and LCL filter results.
A comparison of two methods for quantifying D-glucaric acid.

The relative usefulness of two spectrophotometric methods for quantifying urinary D-glucaric acid was evaluated. The enzyme inhibition method measures the inhibition of II-D-glucuronidase by the 1,4-glucarolactone produced from D-glucaric acid in urine by boiling at acidic pH. The glyoxylic acid method measures glyoxylic acid produced from the oxidation of D-glucaric acid which has first been separated from other urinary compounds by ion exchange chromatography. For a group of 61 healthy adults, the enzyme inhibition method gave a range similar to that of previously reported values: 0 to 6.44 mmol D-glucaric acid/mol creatinine (99% confidence limits). Similar values were obtained from standard solutions by the two methods. Recovery was approximately 105% by both methods. Urinary concentrations, however, were often from 3 to 10 times higher by the glyoxylic acid method. The higher values were probably due to interference from ascorbic acid and other glyoxylic acidproducing compounds, because the reduction of interfering compounds with sodium borohydride before chromatography resulted in concentrations of less than half of those originally observed. It is concluded that the modification of the enzyme inhibition method is preferable because it is less subject to interference and less labor intensive than the glyoxylic acid method.
Understanding Aztec Cannibalism

This essay seeks to examine the problem of explaining religious phenomena which appear very strange by focusing on a specific example, the Aztec complex of human sacrifice and cannibalism which reached its greatest intensity in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Three scholarly approaches to this complex are described and evaluated in regard to explanatory power and evidential support: (1) an approach which explicates the Aztecs' own mythic self-understanding (historically likely but lacking much explanatory value); (2) an approach which tries to identify conscious and rational policy choices on the part of Aztec leaders (less likely but with greater explanatory power); (3) a materialist approach emphasizing ecological factors that sustained human sacrifice and cannibalism (poorly supported by evidence but with substantial explanatory power). Though each of these explanatory strategies achieves some success, our puzzlement about Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism persists. These efforts to make Aztec beliefs and practices appear coherent or rational do not keep them from being an affront to our notions of what it is to be human or overcome our surprise at horrendous violence inflicted without apparent hatred of the victims. There remains little danger that we shall explain away either Aztec violence or any other religious phenomenon.
Intergroup Conflict in the Southern Philippines: An Empirical Analysis*

This study explores the utility of social-psychological factors, inferred from aggregate or ecological data, which had brought about (or depressed) the emergence of intergroup violence between Muslims and Christians in Mindanao, Philippines in the early 1970s. Eight variables underlying the theme of social strain or tension were selected and analyzed (by MSA-1) for 80 municipalities, half of which were violent and the other half, nonviolent. A violent community was one which experienced physical manifestations of civilian attacks and depredations on either Muslims or Christians, resulting in death, in jury, and destruction of property around 1970 and 1972, and confirmed by newspaper reports. Five variables were found to be facilitators of violence, namely: relative deprivation, Muslim displacement, size of Muslim population, rate of uneducated population, and tenancy. The remainder were considered inhibitors, namely: size of Christian population, land ownership, and farm population. Some interpretive conc...
The George E. Brown Memorial Lecture Current Status of the Problem of Thrombosis

The pathogenesis of intravascular thrombosis involves 1 or a combination of 3 factors: an endothelial lesion, a disturbance of blood flow, and hypercoagulability of the blood. The fate of fresh thrombi is probably dependent on the fibrinolytic activity of the plasma. While some tests for coagulation factors have given some positive results among patients with various types of thrombosis, no test has consistently demonstrated its value in predicting a thrombosing tendency. Carefully administered anticoagulant therapy has been effective in the prevention of thrombosis in many patients. Such therapy requires individualization on the basis of frequent laboratory tests and is usually justified only after the patient has suffered one or more episodes of clinical thrombosis. Treatment of acute thrombosis by intravascular injections of fibrinolysins is still in the experimental stage. Recent advances in surgical technic have led to successful restoration of continuity of some of the large arteries previously occluded by thrombosis.
Ubiquinone synthesis by Pneumocystis carinii: incorporation of radiolabeled polyprenyl chain and benzoquinone ring precursors.

SUMMARY Radiolabeled mevalonic acid was incroporated in vitro into Pneumocystis carinii ubiquinone homologs, CoQ9 and CoQ10, dermostrating the isoprenoid branch pathway forming the polyprenyl chain of ubiquinone is functional in the organism. Radiolabeled shikimic acid, tyrosine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were also incorporzated into the two ubiquinone homologs, indicating that P. carnii also possesed the biological pathway for de novo synthesis of the CoQ benzoquinone ring.
Far-Ultraviolet and Hα Spectroscopy of SNR 0057-7226 in the Small Magellanic Cloud H II Region N66

N66/NGC 346 is the largest and brightest H II region in the Small Magellanic Cloud and contains at least one known supernova remnant, SNR 0057-7226. Optical emission from the remnant is overwhelmed by the bright photoionized emission from the nebula, but the remnant has been detected by way of far-ultraviolet absorption (FUV) lines. Here we present data from the Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite showing strong O VI and C III emission from a position at the edge of SNR 0057-7226. We also present high-resolution, long-slit Hα spectra across N66, showing high- and low-velocity emission corresponding closely to the X-ray boundaries of the supernova remnant. We use these FUV and optical data to determine the physical parameters of the shock and interaction geometry with N66. We find that ionizing photons from the many massive cluster stars nearby likely affect the ionization balance in the postshock gas, hindering the production of lower ionization and neutral species. We discuss the importance and inherent difficulty of searching for supernova remnants in or near bright H II regions and suggest that the far ultraviolet provides a viable means to discover and study such remnants.
On the status and relationships of the Solomon Island elapid snakes

The snakes now called Denisonia par and D. woodfordi are considered conspecific, but generically distinct from Denisonia (for the Australian D. maculata and D. devisi); they are here termed Salomonelaps par and an account is presented of the considerable island-to-island variation in that species. the snake now caled Micropechis elapoides is transferred to a new genus Loveridgelaps, here believed to be closely related to Salomnelaps par, Ogmodon vitianus, and Vermicella annualata; an account (quite tentative and unsatisfactory because of the paucity of specimens) of the variation in Loveridgelaps elopoides is presented. Salomonelaps, Loveridgelaps, Ogmodon, and Vermicella make up a well defined (by the presence of an imperforate lateral process of the palatine) group of Australiasian elapids, the Vermicella group, and a key to the genera and generic descriptions for this group are presented. The New Guinea genus Micropechis (containing only M. ikaheka) is a member of a different group, here called the Pseudechis, containing also pseudechis, Austrelaps (for A. superbus), and Suta (for the genera Suta, Parasuta, and Unechis of Worrell, and the species Fasciata and Punctata, referred to Denisonia by Worrell, and Flagellum, referred to Cryptophis by Worrell). Some additional notes are given on the type of Denisonia boschmai Brongersma & Knaap-Van Meeurwen (here considered a geographic variation of Suta carpentariae), and a key to the genera of Pseudechis group is presented.
Who Fits? A Dialog on the Politics of “Doing-Being” a Scholar:

This chapter is based on heuristic research and phenomenology which honors the dialectic of personal narratives as a way to process and understand the politics of change centered on hegemony, discourse, and cultural plurality. This methodology utilizes personal narrative and dialog as way to consider the importance of reflecting on individual experiences, engaging in authentic dialog, and leadership within our profession. Fit, a definitive post structuralist framework that explains the convergence of politics and identity opens the discussion. This is followed by our personal narratives. Finally, through discourse analysis, we consider the themes in our narratives as they are relate to leadership, career politics, academe, and identity.
Primary Endoluminal Techniques for Weight Loss

Though bariatric surgery remains the gold standard in the treatment and management of obesity, endoluminal approaches may offer the potential for significant weight loss with an improved safety and cost profile. Endoluminal therapies can be broadly organized by three approaches: space occupying, malabsorptive, and gastric volume reduction. These combined groups may be safer and more cost-effective compared with traditional operative approaches. For all endoluminal procedures targeted to bariatric surgery, physicians must demand clear outcome measures and well-designed prospective studies. It is imperative that gastroenterologists and bariatric surgeons work together within a multidisciplinary culture and structure to ensure safe adoption of these new techniques. Ultimately, these procedures should be performed within a bariatric program that can provide expert pre- and post-procedure evaluations of the morbidly obese patient.
BiCMOS techniques for high speed, high resolution A/D converters

The author discusses the advantages of BiCMOS technology in the implementation of high-speed, high-resolution analog/digital converters. Consideration is given to how high-speed analog requirements affect device and topology selection. Several illustrative examples are provided to illustrate how BiCMOS can provide a performance advantage over the straight CMOS implementations and a flexibility/functionality advantage over the pure bipolar topologies. >
Oncolytic tanapoxvirus expressing FliC causes regression of human colorectal cancer xenografts in nude mice

Colorectal cancers are significant causes of morbidity and mortality and existing therapies often perform poorly for individuals afflicted with advanced disease. Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging therapeutic modality with great promise for addressing this medical need. Herein we describe the in vivo testing of recombinant variants of the tanapoxvirus (TPV). Recombinant viruses were made ablated for either the 66R gene (encoding a thymidine kinase), the 2L gene (encoding a TNF-binding protein), or both. Some of the recombinants were armed to express mouse chemotactic protein 1 (mCCL2/mMCP-1), mouse granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF), or bacterial flagellin (FliC). Tumors were induced in athymic nude mice by implantation of HCT 116 cells and subsequently treated by a single intratumoral injection of one of the recombinant TPVs. Histological examination showed a common neoplastic cell type and a range of immune cell infiltration, necrosis, and tumor cell organization. Significant regression was seen in tumors treated with virus TPV/Δ2L/Δ66R/fliC, and to a lesser extent the recombinants TPV/Δ2L and TPV/Δ66R. Our results suggest that oncolytic recombinants of the TPV armed with activators of the innate immune response may be effective virotherapeutic agents for colorectal cancers in humans and should be explored further to fully realize their potential.
Effects of iron modulation on growth and viability of Rhodococcus equi and expression of virulence-associated protein A.

Objective—To determine the importance of iron for in vitro growth of Rhodococcus equi, define potential iron sources in the environment and mechanisms by which R equi may obtain iron from the environment, and assess expression and immunogenicity of iron-regulated proteins. Sample Population—10 virulent and 11 avirulent strains of R equi. Procedure—In vitro growth rates and protein patterns of R equi propagated in media with normal, excess, or limited amounts of available iron were compared. Immunoblot analyses that used serum from foals naturally infected with R equi and monoclonal antibody against virulence-associated protein (Vap)A were conducted to determine immunogenicity and identity of expressed proteins. Results—Excess iron did not alter growth of any R equi strains, whereas growth of all strains was significantly decreased in response to limited amounts of available iron. Virulent R equi were able to use iron from ferrated deferoxamine, bovine transferrin, and bovine lactoferrin. Only virulent R e...
Global Model Analysis of Cognitive Variability.

Residual fluctuations produced in typical experimental methodologies are examined as correlated noises. The effective range of the correlations was assessed by determining whether the decay over look-back time is better described as a power law or exponential. Both of these decay laws contain free parameters and it is argued that it is not possible to distinguish their models on the basis of simple measures of goodness-of-fit. Global analyses that evaluate models on the basis of how well they generalize are conducted. The models are examined in terms of three constructs that all bear on generalization: cross-validity, flexibility, and representativeness. Quantitative assessment of a large ensemble of data suggests that the correlations decay over time as a power law. The conclusion is that human residual fluctuation is a correlated fractal.
Insights into Cosmic-Ray Acceleration from the Study of Anomalous Cosmic Rays

Cosmic rays from many sources and in many locations exhibit similar, inverse-power-law energy spectra, which suggests a common origin for most cosmic rays. Diffusive shock acceleration appears at present to be this common accelerator. Hence, anomalous cosmic rays, thought to be accelerated at the solar-wind termination shock, provide a relatively accessible laboratory for the study of the mechanism of cosmic-ray acceleration. Observations showing a transition from singly-charged anomalous cosmic-ray oxygen to multiply-charged at an energy of some 250 MeV support the picture of acceleration at the quasi-perpendicular termination shock. Such acceleration may be important in other sources, as well. The basic physics of this acceleration process is discussed in some detail.
Typologies of Alcohol Use in White and African American Adolescent Girls

This study examined typologies of alcohol use among 2,948 White and African American adolescent girls using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Self-report data were collected on frequency and quantity of alcohol use, negative consequences, and high-risk drinking behaviors, as well as co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems. Latent class analysis revealed a four-group typology for White girls and a three-group typology for African American girls. Problematic drinkers reported having more internalizing and externalizing problems in both racial groups. The study's limitations and implications are discussed.
Modular Genetic Neural Networks for Six-Legged Locomotion

This paper illustrates an artificial developmental system that is a computationally efficient technique for the automatic generation of complex Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Artificial developmental system can develop a graph grammar into a modular ANN made of a combination of more simple subnetworks. Genetic programming is used to evolve coded grammars that generates ANNs for controlling a six-legged robot locomotion. A mechanism for the automatic definition of sub-neural networks is incorporated.
Collaborative Assessment for Employment Planning: Transition Assessment and the Discovery Process.

As the Workforce Innovation and Opportunities Act (WIOA) is implemented across the nation, special education and vocational rehabilitation professionals will need to increase their level of collaboration. One area of potential collaboration is assessment—transition assessment for the field of special education and the discovery process for adult service providers. The purpose of this article is to describe both processes, highlighting similarities and differences, and make recommendations for practice.
Regulatory Change or Symbolic Reassurance? Analyzing the Administrative Review of Mountaintop Mining Permits in Appalachia

Following considerable pressure levied by environmental groups and people residing near coal mining communities, EPA officials announced that 79 proposed mountaintop mining projects in four Appalachian states would be reviewed to determine whether each is in compliance with the Clean Water Act and whether additional action is warranted for the approval, rejection, or modification of company permit applications. I suggest that an analysis of permit follow-up decisions represents a potentially useful means of explaining a different but important form of environmental policy implementation. Are decisions likely to reflect administrators' best judgment about how to respond to a policy problem on technical or scientific grounds? Or is it likely that the resolution of permit decisions will vary with non-technical concerns such as the degree of economic dependency on mining jobs within the county where permitting occurs, partisan voting characteristics, and the emergence of events such as mining-induced floods or a spike in the incidence of injuries or health-related claims associated with mining operation? I expect to find that forthcoming permit decisions can be largely explained by administrative perceptions of problem severity but that a lesser though considerable number of decisions can be attributed to the economic dependency factor.
ANALYSIS OF ADENOVIRUS INDUCED CELLULAR DNA SYNTHESIS IN A ts MUTANT OF THE CELL CYCLE

ABSTRACT tsAF8 cells are temperature sensitive (ts) mutants of BHK cells that are arrested in G1 at the non-permissive temperature. When made quiescent by serum restriction, they can be stimulated to enter S phase by 10% serum at 34°C but not at 40.6°C. Infection by Adenovirus 2 or 5 stimulates cellular DNA synthesis in tsAF8 at both 34°C and 40.6°C. Infection of these cells with deletion (Ad5d1312, Ad5d1313) and temperature sensitive (H5ts125, H5ts36) mutants of Adenovirus indicates that the expression of early regions la and 2 of the Adenovirus genome is needed to induce quiescent tsAF8 cells to enter S phase at the permissive temperature. To induce DNA synthesis at the non-permissive temperature, additional viral functions are required, such as the expression of early regions 1b and 5. In addition, we have shown that Adenovirus DNA intact or enzymatically digested is biologically active in inducing DNA synthesis when microinjected into the nucleus of tsAF8 cells.
Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators for use on Sounding Rocket Payloads

This paper presents an assessment of a supersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator for use on a sounding rocket payload bus structure for a high-altitude sample return mission. Three decelerator configurations, the tension cone, attached isotensoid, and the trailing isotensoid, were examined on the metrics of decelerator mass, aerodynamic performance, and vehicle integration. The attached isotensoid configuration is shown to be the least mass solution. Aerodynamic analysis shows that a drag performance degradation of up to 40% for the attached decelerators results when the attachment point is recessed from the forebody of the bus structure. Vehicle integration mechanisms are identified and examined for each decelerator configuration. Using multiattribute decision making techniques, the trailing isotensoid is identified to be the most advantageous decelerator option for use in this application. Nomenclature A = area, m 2
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is formed in response to EGF and is a mitogen in rat proximal tubule

Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a major cytochrome P-450-arachidonic acid metabolite in the rat kidney, and its synthesis along the nephron is specifically localized to the proximal tubule, where receptor density for epidermal growth factor (EGF) is the highest. EGF stimulated endogenous 20-HETE formation in a concentration and time-dependent manner, i.e., from 1.6 to 2.6 +/- 0.3 and 3.0 +/- 0.6 pmol 20-HETE.mg-1.min-1 at 10(-8) and 10(-7) M EGF, respectively. The effect of 20-HETE on proximal tubular cell proliferation was examined using primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells and proximal tubular-derived cell lines, LLC-PK1 and opossum kidney OK. In both cell lines, 20-HETE increased thymidine incorporation into DNA with maximal effect at 10(-9) M. Addition of 20-HETE to serum-deprived LLC-PK1 or OK cells for 48 h caused a concentration-dependent increase in cell number with maximal effect at 10(-9) M. This effect was specific, as structurally similar eicosanoids such as 20-COOH-arachidonic acid, 19(R)-HETE, and 19(S)-HETE did not increase cell number. In 4-day primary cultures of proximal tubular cells, EGF (10(-9) M) and 20-HETE (10(-9) M) increased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation by 40 and 28%, respectively. Addition of both resulted in a twofold increase in BrdU incorporation. Although 20-HETE synthesis in cultured cells is greatly diminished with time, significant picomolar concentrations can be obtained in 4-day cultures. Addition of 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA), an inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, significantly inhibited EGF-stimulated BrdU incorporation. The demonstrations that EGF stimulates proximal tubular 20-HETE production and that the latter is a potent mitogen to these cells suggests that 20-HETE may act as a mediator of the EGF effect on cellular growth in the proximal tubule.
Scenic Beauty Evaluation and Establishing Techniques For Sightseeing Tea Gardens

The landscape of tea gardens is more and more favored for its aesthetic values and cultural connotations.Using a psychophysical method,this paper conducted a landscape evaluation for different types of sightseeing tea gardens.Results show that curved tea-furrows have a higher degree of beauty than linear tea-furrows;that tea farmlands with tidy and fluent lines also have a high degree of beauty although there is no significant difference in beauty between tea planting and inter-planting;and that a suitable inter-planting of trees with straight trunks,smooth bark and tall branching height can create a variety of tea garden landscape and receive good results.The paper finally analyzed the location problems,the establishing techniques and the ecological treatment for sightseeing tea gardens.
Os dados inéditos do Projeto MarajÓ (1962-1965)

Durante a decada de sessenta, o Projeto Marajo identificou e estudou dezenove novos sitios no sudeste da Ilha de Marajo, buscando ampliar, dentro da metodologia de pesquisa empregada pelo Programa Nacional de Pesquisas Arqueologicas na Bacia Amazonica/PRONAPABA, a base de dados que sustentava o modelo das Fases da Floresta Tropical proposto por Meggers & Evans (1957). No entanto, os resultados das pesquisas nao se encaixaram totalmente dentro das expectativas dos pesquisadores, e alguns dados importantes nunca foram publicados. Neste artigo, confrontamos os dados parciais publicados com os relatorios das pesquisas de campo e resultados das analises da cerâmica (fichas de sitios, relacao de fragmentos e livro de tombo do Museu Goeldi), discutindo a validade do modelo utilizado para a definicao de culturas cerâmicas pre-historicas na Ilha.
Developing Concepts in Probability and Statistics--and Much More.

Jim Bruni and Helene Silverman are professors at Herbert H. Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468. They teach elementary school mathematics and conduct workshops and courses for teachers. coins, spinners, dice, and cards). These activities are highly motivational and certainly lend themselves to the use of manipulative materials. However, all too often such activities tend to become supplementary or enrichment experiences that are quite limited in scope and isolated from the rest of the school mathematics program, and the connection between using manipulative materials and learning basic mathematical concepts is weak. The activities in this article emphasize a four-step approach for using
Outcomes of Primary and Secondary Carotid Artery Stenting

Background and Purpose— Little is known of the excess risk attributable to secondary carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS). This study evaluates outcomes of redo-CAS and CAS after prior ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy (CASAPICEA) relative to primary-CAS. Methods— We studied all patients in the Vascular Quality Initiative, who underwent primary-CAS, CASAPICEA, or redo-CAS (2003–2016). Kaplan–Meier, multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate outcomes within 30 days and up to 1 year and identify their predictors. Results— There were 11 742 CAS procedures performed: 8519 (72%) primary-, 2645 (23%) CASAPICEA, and 578 (5%) redo-CAS. Comparing primary-CAS versus CASAPICEA versus redo-CAS, 30-day stroke/death was 2.5% versus 2.0% versus 1.3% for asymptomatic patients ( P =0.23) and 5.2% versus 2.6% versus 5.0% for symptomatic patients ( P =0.003). CASAPICEA was associated with significantly lower 30-day stroke/death (odds ratio: 0.60; 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.98; P =0.04) compared with primary-CAS among symptomatic patients. The odds of bradycardia were lower following CASAPICEA (odds ratio: 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.39; P P =0.001) compared with primary-CAS. Similarly, the odds of hypotension were significantly lower in both groups compared with primary-CAS (CASAPICEA: 0.41 [0.35–0.48], P P =0.003). There were no significant differences in the hazards of stroke/death at 1 year for CASAPICEA and redo-CAS compared with primary-CAS. Conclusions— CASAPICEA is associated with significantly lower odds of periprocedural stroke/death compared with primary-CAS among symptomatic patients. CASAPICEA and redo-CAS are associated with significantly lower odds of periprocedural hypotension and bradycardia but higher odds of hypertension compared with primary-CAS.
A micro-view-based data mining approach to diagnose the aging status of heating coils

Abstract The aging status of heating coils dramatically influences the semiconductor process with respect to the operating fluency and the cost of non-warning breakdowns. Diagnosing the health status of heating coils is a critical issue in the manufacturing industry, but very few studies have dedicated their efforts to discovering relevant remedies. This study proposes a novel observation perspective that grasps the micro view of data information from real processes, and does not lose its effectiveness even if the recipes vary. The proposed aging measuring includes the following main procedures: firstly, acquiring specific process flows composed of recipe steps; secondly, analyzing the local areas corresponding to each process flow; thirdly, capturing sensing values and the corresponding setting information related to the specific process flows; fourth, generating a local feature in a time interval corresponding to each of the process flows according to the corresponding local areas; finally, generating an aging trend on the basis of the local features, and determining whether to send a replacement early-warning. The experiments show that the proposed approach to the aging diagnosis can effectively offer a replacement warning before the heating coils run down.
High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters Do Not Affect Acute Infection Rates During Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty Using Forced Air Warmers.

Abstract Background Studies have suggested that forced-air warmers (FAWs) increase contamination of the surgical site. In response, FAWs with high efficiency particulate air filters (FAW-HEPA) were introduced. This study compared infection rates following primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA) using FAW and FAW-HEPA. Methods Primary TJA patients at a single healthcare system were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 5405 THA (n = 2419) and TKA (n = 2986) consecutive cases in 2013 and 2015 were identified. Patients in 2013 (n = 2792) had procedures using FAW, while FAW-HEPA was used in 2015 (n = 2613). The primary outcome was overall infection rate within 90-days. Sub-categorization of infections as periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) or surgical site infection (SSI) was also conducted. PJI was defined as reoperation with arthrotomy or meeting Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. SSI was defined as wound complications requiring antibiotics or irrigation/debridement. Results The FAW and FAW-HEPA groups had similar rates of overall infection (1.65% [n = 46] vs 1.61% [n = 42], P > .99), SSI (1.18% [n = 33] vs 0.84% [n = 22], P = .27), and PJI (0.47% [n = 13] vs 0.77% [n = 20], P = .22). Regression models did not show FAW to be an independent risk factor for increased overall infection (odds ratio [OR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-1.57, P = .97), SSI (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.83-2.58, P = .18), or PJI (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.25-1.13, P = .09). Conclusion FAW were not correlated with a higher risk of overall infection, SSI, or PJI during TJA when compared to FAW-HEPA devices.
Molecular characterization of erythrocyte glycophorin C variants

Human erythrocyte glycophorin C plays a functionally important role in maintaining erythrocyte shape and regulating membrane mechanical stability. Immunochemical and serologic studies have identified a number of glycophorin C variants that include the Yus, Gerbich, and Webb phenotypes. We report here the molecular characterization of these variants. Amplification of glycophorin C mRNA from the Yus phenotype, using two oligonucleotide primers that span the coding domain, generated a 338-bp fragment compared with a 395-bp fragment generated by amplification of normal glycophorin C mRNA. Sequencing of the mutant 338-bp fragment identified a 57-bp deletion that corresponds to exon 2 of the glycophorin C gene. Similar analysis showed deletion of 84-bp exon 3 in the Gerbich phenotype. In contrast to the generation of shorter than normal DNA fragments from mRNA amplification in the Yus and Gerbich phenotypes, amplification of mRNA from the Webb phenotype generated a normal-sized fragment. Sequencing of this DNA fragment showed an A----G substitution at nucleotide 23 of the coding sequence, resulting in the substitution of asparagine by serine. This modification accounts for the altered glycosylation of glycophorin C seen in this phenotype. These results have enabled us to characterize glycophorin C variants in three different phenotypes that involve deletions of exons 2 and 3 of the glycophorin C gene, as well as a point mutation in exon 1 that results in altered glycosylation of this protein.
H∞-Control of Markovian Jump Systems and Solutions to Associated Piecewise-Deterministic Differential Games

A class of linear-quadratic piecewise deterministic soft-constrained zero-sum differential games is formulated and solved, where the minimizing player has access to perfect or imperfect (continuous) state measurements. Such systems are also known as jump linear-quadratic systems, and the underlying game problem can also be viewed as an H∞ optimal control problem, where the system and cost matrices depend on the outcome of a Markov chain. Both finite- and infinite-horizon cases are considered, and a set of sufficient, as well as a set of necessary, conditions are obtained for the upper value of the game to be bounded. Policies for the minimizing player that achieve this upper value (which is zero) are piecewise linear on each sample path of the stochastic process, and are obtained from solutions of linearly coupled generalized Riccati equations. For the associated H∞-optimal control problem, these policies guarantee an L 2 gain type inequality on the closed-loop system.
Peeling the Power Onion of Data Centers

As the concept of cloud computing is gaining popularity, more data centers are built to support the needs. The data centers, which have consumed 1.5% of the total electrical energy generated in the USA in 2006, are paying the majority of their maintenance cost to the electricity bills. Reducing power consumption in the data centers is now a must not only for seizing sustainable development but also for preserving our planet green. Along the effort of building power-efficient data centers, this chapter will start by answering the ultimate question—where did the power go? By taking a top–down approach from the data center level all the way down to the microarchitectural level, this chapter visualizes the power breakdowns and discusses the power optimization techniques for each layer.
A ‘deep’ aesthetics of contested landscapes: Visions of land use as competing temporalities

Abstract Multiple use forests in the United States take on different meanings for people who live, work, and recreate on the land. Forests are imbued with often contested visions of what the landscape is and ought to be, and this is related to the various knowledges, values, and experiences of users who project social, political, and economic power. The resources and amenities of multiple use public lands in the American West are typically managed as common property for sustained-yield and equal access. The major exception to this being the priority given to hardrock mining, which is legally designated as the “highest and best use”. This article looks at a proposed rare earth mine in the Black Hills of Wyoming to assess how aesthetic representations and meanings of the forest are situated in the politics of resource access and control. While previous work has looked at the role of contested aesthetics within the same spatial extent, this article proposes a deeper aesthetic that takes time and the weight of history into account. Four discourse coalitions are analyzed: Native American ontological constructs of land as spatiotemporally divergent from dominant frontier sectionalism, competing epistemologies of positivist science and land-based livelihoods, perceptions of risk and geopolitical control extended to the subsurface, and the rationalization of scenic amenities and recreational access. The paper seeks to unravel different power connections to explain the emergence of land use conflict through a temporal disentanglement of the knowledge structures that have produced aesthetic meaning.
Epidemiology of blood stream infection in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients: A cohort study.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of our study was to characterize the epidemiology of blood stream infection (BSI) in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients at a single tertiary care academic medical center with standardized post-cannulation antibiotic prophylaxis practices. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed over a five-year period. BSI incidence was characterized and patients who developed BSI during ECMO were compared with those who did not. Results Nineteen of 145 VV ECMO patients (13.1%) developed BSI while 7 of 123 VA ECMO patients (5.7%) developed BSI. When accounting for total ECMO days, the incidence rate was 8 BSIs per 1,000 ECMO days for both VV and VA ECMO patients. VV ECMO patients with BSI had longer ECMO runs and more red blood cell transfusion (both p Conclusions BSIs are common in ECMO patients even with post-cannulation antimicrobial prophylaxis and are associated with ECMO duration, blood transfusion, and organ failure. Further work is needed to clarify the optimal duration and type of antimicrobial prophylaxis, as well as surveillance strategies for BSIs during adult ECMO.
Spatial modifications of a Gaussian beam incident on a diffraction grating

When a fundamental Gaussian beam at microwave frequency is incident on a reflection grating, there are spatial modifications such as lateral shift for the reflected and diffracted beam and generation of higher order Gaussian modes. Different parameters of the incident beam such as waist radius, beam frequency, incident angle, and polarization direction affect the spatial modifications differently. We trace the beam propagation and central ray position by simulation and find how these parameters influence the beam modifications.
The prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (NCCR) in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARA).

e15166Background: In patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARA), the response to neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (NCCR) correlates with long-term outcomes. Neoadjuvant rectal...
Prescribing Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications in US Ambulatory Care Settings

Over 70 million Americans are diagnosed with hypertension. Adherence to current AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guidelines and appropriate antihypertensive therapy is important for optimal treatment outcomes. This study investigates prescribing patterns for ambulatory care patients with hypertension and adherence to these guidelines. Data from the 2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) were used in the study. Patients with primary diagnoses of essential hypertension were extracted from the data using ICD-9 code “401”. A total of 595 patients were identified. Correlation among demographic variables, source of payment and prescriber specialty were examined. Chi-square and descriptive analysis were performed. 51.4% of the prescriptions were non-first-line medications. Primary care physicians and cardiologists adhered to the guidelines more, when compared to the other specialties. There was a significant difference between various geographic regions, as it relates to guidelines adherence. This study concluded that prescribers do not always adhere to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guidelines. It is recommended to adhere to the guidelines if there are no contraindications. The study’s findings were limited to the ambulatory patients visiting providers in 2015 and by the operational definitions of the study.
Feasibility of Repeat TAVR After SAPIEN 3 TAVR: A Novel Classification Scheme and Pilot Angiographic Study.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is expanding to younger patients, but feasibility of TAVR in failing transcatheter aortic valves (TAVs) remains unknown. We determined the feasibility of TAV-in-TAV after Edwards SAPIEN 3 (S3) (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) TAVR by evaluating
Training of Paraprofessionals by Their Classroom Teachers: A Descriptive Evaluation of Pyramidal Training Outcomes

Pyramidal training may offer an efficient approach for disseminating behavior analytic teaching practices into public schools serving students with autism. In this study, we evaluated 16 teachers’ use of behavioral skills training (BST) while they trained paraprofessionals to use discrete-trial teaching (DTT). All paraprofessionals demonstrated high levels of procedural integrity following the training, although six of the 16 teachers received experimenter feedback to increase the integrity of the paraprofessional’s performance. A descriptive assessment of the training indicated that the majority of teachers used vocal instructions, modeling, and role play while training their paraprofessionals to implement DTT but only half of the teachers collected procedural integrity data to monitor the paraprofessionals’ performance. Although all teachers provided feedback to their paraprofessionals during the in situ portion of the training, the teachers were more likely to deliver feedback for errors than for correctly implemented components. These findings suggest that training teachers to implement BST with their paraprofessionals is an effective and socially valid approach to dissemination.