cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of tumor immunity after administration of conditionally replicative adenoviral vector in canine osteosarcoma patients

Osteosarcoma is one among the most common neoplasms in dogs. Current treatments show limited efficacy and fail to prevent metastasis. Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAd) replicate exclusively in targeted tumor cells and release new virus particles to infect additional cells. We proposed that OC-CAVE1 (CAV2 with the E1A promoter replaced with the osteocalcin promotor) may also enhance existing immunity against tumors by overcoming immune tolerance via exposure of new epitopes and cytokine signaling. Eleven client-owned dogs with spontaneously occurring osteosarcomas were enrolled in a pilot study. All dogs were injected with OC-CAVE1 following amputation of the affected limb or limb-sparing surgery. Dogs were monitored for viremia and viral shedding. There was minimal virus shedding in urine and feces by the 6th day and no virus was present in blood after 4 weeks. CAV-2 antibody-titers increased in all of the patients, post-CRAd injection. Immunological assays were performed to monitor 1) humoral response against tumors, 2) levels of circulatory CD11c + cells, 3) levels of regulatory T cells, and 4) cytotoxic activity of tumor specific T cells against autologous tumor cells between pre-CRAd administration and 4 weeks post-CRAd administration samples. Administration of the CRAd OC-CAVE1 resulted in alteration of some immune response parameters but did not appear to result in increased survival duration. However, 2 dogs in the study achieved survival times in excess of 1 year. Weak replication of OC-CAVE1 in metastatic cells and delay of chemotherapy following CRAd treatment may contribute to the lack of immune response and improvement in survival time of the clinical patients.
Self-correction in science: The diagnostic and integrative motives for replication:

A series of failed replications and frauds have raised questions regarding self-correction in science. Metascientific activists have advocated policies that incentivize replications and make them m...
A Probabilistic Method for Reserve Sizing in Power Grids With High Renewable Penetration

Power systems employ reserves to ensure there is adequate generation and storage to meet demand. With the increased use of volatile and uncertain sources of electricity such as solar and wind, the need for reserves is becoming more critical to ensure reliable supply of electricity. Due to the high cost of reserves, methods are required to determine minimal reserves needed. This work proposes a probabilistic data-driven method to determine the minimum reserve size (both power and energy) to satisfy a specified reliability requirement for a bulk power grid. The proposed method is applied to data from two balancing authorities (BPA and CAISO), and the results are compared with those from an alternate deterministic method and to those from the current reserve sizing methods employed by BPA and CAISO. The reserve requirements do not seem to be predicted by simple indicators of volatility, such as installed capacity of wind and solar, which has implications for grid planning in a renewable rich future.
Price-Value Deviations and the Labour Theory of Value: Evidence from 42 Countries, 2000–2017

The relationship between prices and labour values has been the source of fruitful controversy since the earliest Classical Political Economists. The alleged refutation of the labour theory of value...
$SU(5) \times U(1)_X$ Axion Model with Observable Proton Decay

We propose a $SU(5) \times U(1)_X \times U(1)_{PQ}$ model, where $U(1)_X$ is the generalization of the $B-L$ (baryon minus lepton number) gauge symmetry and $U(1)_{PQ}$ is the global Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry. There are four fermions families in $\bf{\overline 5} + \bf{10}$ representations of $SU(5)$, a mirror family in $\bf{5}+\bf{\overline {10}}$ representations, and three $SU(5)$ singlet Majorana fermions. The $U(1)_X$ related anomalies all cancel in the presence of the Majorana neutrinos. The $SU(5)$ symmetry is broken at $M_{GUT} \simeq (4-7)\times 10^{15}$ GeV and the proton lifetime $\tau_p$ is estimated to be well within the expected sensitivity of the future Hyper-Kamiokande experiment, $\tau_p \lesssim 1.3 \times 10^{35}$ years. The $SU(5)$ breaking also triggers the breaking of the PQ symmetry, resulting in axion dark matter (DM), with the axion decay constant $f_a$ of order $M_{GUT}$ or somewhat larger. The CASPEr experiment can search for such an axion DM candidate. The Hubble parameter during inflation must be low, $H_{inf} \lesssim 10^9 $ GeV, in order to successfully resolve the axion domain wall, axion DM isocurvature and $SU(5)$ monopole problems. With the identification of the $U(1)_X$ breaking Higgs field with the inflaton field, we implement inflection-point inflation, which is capable of realizing the desired value for $H_{inf}$. The vectorlike fermions in the model are essential for achieving successful unification of the SM gauge couplings as well as the phenomenological viability of both axion DM and inflation scenario.
Bladder tumor ILC1s undergo Th17-like differentiation in human bladder cancer

Purpose Human innate lymphoid cells (hILCs) are lineage-negative immune cells that do not express rearranged adaptive antigen receptors. Natural killer (NK) cells are hILCs that contribute to cancer defense. The role of non-NK hILCs in cancer is unclear. Our study aimed to characterize non-NK hILCs in bladder cancer. Experimental design Mass cytometry was used to characterize intratumoral non-NK hILCs based on 35 parameters, including receptors, cytokines, and transcription factors from 21 muscle-invasive bladder tumors. Model-based clustering was performed on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) coordinates of hILCs, and the association of hILCs with tumor stage was analyzed. Results Most frequent among intratumoral non-NK hILCs were hILC1s, which were increased in higher compared with lower stage tumors. Intratumoral hILC1s were marked by Th17-like phenotype with high RORγt, IL-17, and IL-22 compared to Th1 differentiation markers, including Tbet, perforin, and IFN-γ. Compared with intratumoral hILC2s and hILC3s, hILC1s also had lower expression of activation markers (NKp30, NKp46, and CD69) and increased expression of exhaustion molecules (PD-1 and Tim3). Unsupervised clustering identified nine clusters of bladder hILCs, which were not defined by the primary hILC subtypes 1-3. hILC1s featured in all the nine clusters indicating that intratumoral hILC1s displayed the highest phenotypic heterogeneity among all hILCs. Conclusions hILC1s are increased in higher stage tumors among patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. These intratumoral hILC1s exhibit an exhausted phenotype and Th17-like differentiation, identifying them as potential targets for immunotherapy.
Assessing factors associated with social connectedness in adults with mobility disabilities.

Abstract Background People with mobility disabilities are likely to report limitations in community participation and social connectedness for a variety of reasons, including inaccessible physical environments, health issues, transportation barriers, and limited financial resources. Improving social connectedness is a public health issue and research shows its relation to overall health and life expectancy. Objective The purpose of this study was to (1) assess social activity, isolation, and loneliness among people with mobility disabilities compared to those with non-mobility disabilities and (2) understand factors associated with social connectedness among people with mobility disabilities. Methods An observational, cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from Wave 2 of the National Survey on Health and Disability (NSHD) to test for differences between adults age 18–64 with mobility disabilities (n = 621) and those with other disabilities (n = 1535), in addition to tests within the mobility disability group. Results Adults with mobility disabilities were less likely than respondents from other disability groups to report feeling isolated (30.2% versus 35.2%), but these groups did not differ on measures of social activity or loneliness. Within the mobility disability group, being unemployed and in fair or poor health were predictive of greater loneliness, more isolation, and less satisfaction with social activity. Conclusions Social connectedness is an important public health issue. This research helps to inform service providers and medical professionals about the personal factors affecting social connectedness among people with mobility disabilities.
Developmental exposure to phytoestrogens found in soy: New findings and clinical implications.

Exposure to naturally derived estrogen receptor activators, such as the phytoestrogen genistein, can occur at physiologically relevant concentrations in the human diet. Soy-based infant formulas are of particular concern because infants consuming these products have serum genistein levels almost 20 times greater than those seen in vegetarian adults. Comparable exposures in animal studies have adverse physiologic effects. The timing of exposure is particularly concerning because infants undergo a steroid hormone-sensitive period termed "minipuberty" during which estrogenic chemical exposure may alter normal reproductive tissue patterning and function. The delay between genistein exposure and reproductive outcomes poses a unique challenge to collecting epidemiological data. In 2010, the U.S. National Toxicology Program monograph on the safety of the use of soy formula stated that the use of soy-based infant formula posed minimal concern and emphasized a lack of data from human subjects. Since then, several new human and animal studies have advanced our epidemiological and mechanistic understanding of the risks and benefits of phytoestrogen exposure. Here we aim to identify clinically relevant findings regarding phytoestrogen exposure and female reproductive outcomes from the past 10 years, with a focus on the phytoestrogen genistein, and explore the implications of these findings for soy infant formula recommendations. Research presented in this review will inform clinical practice and dietary recommendations for infants based on evidence from both clinical epidemiology and basic research advances in endocrinology and developmental biology from mechanistic in vitro and animal studies.
Sourcebook of Family Theory and Research

This is a detailed table of contents. Many authors of chapters and features have contributed supplemental material that extends their contributions that appear in the Sourcebook. We anticipate updating this periodically when new material is received from the authors, so check back at least once every six months. Some of this material assumes you have the Sourcebook. The additional material is highlighted in blue and may be called "supplemental material," "annotated bibliography," etc. All you need to do is click on these and they will open, usually as an Adobe PDF file (requiring acrobat reader). Some authors have multiple additional contributions such as a supplement and an annotated bibliography, so check out all of these.
Florid breast fibroadenomas in patients taking hormonal oral contraceptives.

This report describes the peculiar morphologic structure of breast fibroadenomas in 4 young women who had been taking oral contraceptives. In each case the nodule was easily excised. Size varied from 1 to 4 cm. Recurrences have not occurred in 10 to 44 months although 2 women have continued oral contraception. On removal the tumors were noted to be gray-tan in color and softer than the usual fibroadenoma. Cut surfaces of 2 of the tumors were described as gelatinous. Microscopic study showed the normal lobular architecture was effaced and replaced by a haphazard proliferation of ducts and acini. Epithelial elements were mostly cuboidal regular in several layers and often showed a papillary pattern. Ducts were occasionally dilated and filled with proliferating cells. The appearance of some suggested adenosis or will-differentiated adenocarcinoma. These findings differed from the usual fibroadenomata. Secretory activity was observed. Peripheral areas showed condensed stroma producing pseudocapsules. It is thought that in these cases the hormonal therapy may have caused the rapid growth bizarre cellular patterns and secretory activity of previously existing fibroadenomas. In animal experiments with mice similar results have been reported. It is considered important to differentiate these tumors from carcinomas. In an addendum the authors note having seen 3 additional similar cases.
Sand Transport at the Floor of Long Island Sound

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the distribution of sand and mud in Long Island Sound (LIS) and discusses the processes that control the sand-mud transitions. A simplified mass balance is used to describe the net transport of sand over an accreting mud bottom. The combination of these two sedimentary processes controls the transition from sand to mud on the floor of the LIS. The distribution of sand may be described with three parameters: an advection velocity of sand grains, an eddy-diffusion coefficient for mobile sand, and a rate of accumulation of marine mud. The motion of sand is thereby represented with a deterministic part and a statistical part. In this chapter, a mathematical model is applied to analyze the sand transportation. The transition zone is described using a one-dimensional form of the mass-balance equation. It is found that the sand–mud transition zone could be adequately represented by allowing the sedimentary processes to proceed at constant rates. The calculated sand flux then agrees with the sand flux that has been measured over the sand-wave field in the eastern LIS.
Inherent Risk or Risky Decision? Coach's Failure to Use Safety Device an Assumed Risk.

The court examined whether a coach's failure to implement a safety device during pitching practice enhanced the risk to the athlete or resulted in a suboptimal playing condition, in the context of the assumption of risk doctrine.
Developments in the Law - Extraterritoriality: Part VI - Extraterritorial Law and International Norm Internalization

The relationship between extraterritorial law and international law does not always fit into a neatly consistent vision of the international legal order. The United States has increasingly flouted the international prohibition on extraterritoriality, and both legal scholars and foreign government officials have criticized the growing global reach of U.S. law. But ironically, some of the most controversial U.S. extraterritorial laws aim to advance values central to the international legal order, such as human rights and treaty compliance. Extraterritorial law provides an instrument to “produce effects similar to those of binding international norms,” and recent developments in extraterritoriality challenge the notion that domestic legal mechanisms must comply with the precepts of international law in order to promote the internalization of international norms.
The Tudor Study

Recent exposure of an experiment (the Tudor Study) conducted in 1939 at the University of Iowa with the aim of studying the effect of verbal labeling on the frequency of disfluency in children who ...
A Survey of Discriminative Language Modeling Approaches for Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Framework Further Developments Summary and Discussion References
Genetic animal models of anxiety

The focus of this review is on progress achieved in identifying specific genes conferring risk for anxiety disorders through the use of genetic animal models. We discuss gene-finding studies as well as those manipulating a candidate gene. Both human and animal studies thus far support the genetic complexity of anxiety. Clinical manifestations of these diseases are likely related to multiple genes. While different anxiety disorders and anxiety-related traits all appear to be genetically influenced, it has been difficult to ascertain genetic influences in common. Mouse studies have provisionally mapped several loci harboring genes that affect anxiety-related behavior. The growing array of mutant mice is providing valuable information about how genes and environment interact to affect anxious behavior via multiple neuropharmacological pathways. Classical genetic methods such as artificial selection of rodents for high or low anxiety are being employed. Expression array technologies have as yet not been employed, but can be expected to implicate novel candidates and neurobiological pathways.
Improvements in MDC and TWT overall efficiency through the application of carbon electrode surfaces

An experimental program was conducted to investigate secondary electron emission losses in multistage depressed collectors (MDC's) in order to determine their effects on the overall traveling-wave tube (TWT) efficiency and identify techniques for minimizing them. Two representative TWT's and several computer-modeled MDC's were used. The experimental techniques used enabled the measurement of both the TWT overall and the collector efficiencies. The TWT-MDC performance was optimized and measured over a wide range of operating conditions using geometrically identical collectors that utilized different electrode surface materials. Comparisons of the performance of copper electrodes to that of various forms of carbon, including pyrolytic and isotropic graphites, were stressed. The results indicate that a very significant improvement in the TWT overall efficiency was obtained in all cases by the use of carbon rather than copper electrodes and that the extent of this efficiency enhancement depended on the characteristics of the TWT, and TWT operating point, the MDC design, and the collector voltages. Ion-textured graphite was found to be particularly effective in minimizing the secondary electron emission losses. Experimental and analytical results, however, indicate that it is at least as important to provide a maximum amount of electrostatic suppression of secondary electrons by proper MDC design. Such suppression, which is obtained by ensuring that a substantial suppressing electric field exists over the regions of the electrodes where most of the current is incident, was found to be very effective. Experimental results indicate that, with proper MDC design and the use of low secondary electron yield carbon electrode surfaces, degradation of the collector efficiency can be limited to a few percent. Consequently, further dramatic improvements in collector efficiency should not be expected if electrode surfaces with significantly lower secondary electron emission yield than those presently available are developed.
Crowned Dens Syndrome Incidentally Diagnosed After Investigation of Cervical Spine Injury With Incomplete Quadriplegia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Crowned dens syndrome (CDS) is a rare clinical entity characterized by acute neck pain due to calcification around the odontoid process of the axis in “crown-like” configuration. The disease can cause neurological symptoms, due to spinal cord compression but also it may lead to chronic neck pain or be asymptomatic. We present a case of a 73-year-old patient who, after a fall of a height of approximately 2 m, sustained a cervical spine injury and his clinical examination revealed an incomplete quadriplegia. Surprisingly, the only finding after the diagnostic imaging, including radiographs, CT scan and MRI, was periodontoid calcification, indicative of CDS. After a few days of hospital admission, a full neurological recovery was spontaneously achieved and the patient, after a 6-week use of cervical orthosis, was free of pain. We perform a brief review of the literature to shed light onto this rare clinical entity. J Med Cases. 2015;6(4):167-169 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc1837e
Myocardial infarction and cardiac complications in emergency department patients admitted to the intensive care unit with gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Abstract Patients admitted with significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) often experience in-hospital cardiac complications. This retrospective study examined 68 patients admitted from the Emergency Department to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) over a 1-year period. The patients were 75% Caucasian, 60% male, with a mean age of 57 ± 19 years. Medical co-morbidity was noted in 70%, and 54% of patients had a history of significant alcohol use. A systolic blood pressure
Anti-IP: an antibody defining another product of interaction between the genes of the I and P blood group systems.

. We have tested a serum that reacts strongly with I, P1 red cells, weakly with I, P2 cells, more weakly with i adult, P1 cells, and not at all with I, p cells. Two iso-antibodies were detected, one being anti-IP1, which could be isolated in pure form by absorption of the serum with ordinary P2 cells. The second antibody, from its reactions with various P1-negative cells, was presumably anti-IP, indicating still another interaction product of the I and P genes.
The Principle of Good Enough (POGE) and the Use of Digital Holography in Sensors

POGE (Principle Of Good Enough) is shown to yield dramatic new capabilities in optical pattern recognition, optical linear algebra, point source location, and Fourier pattern recognition. POGE has become a powerful template for invention.
Causality and Causal Inference in Social Work: Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives

Achieving the goals of social work requires matching a specific solution to a specific problem. Understanding why the problem exists and why the solution should work requires a consideration of cause and effect. However, it is unclear whether it is desirable for social workers to identify cause and effect, whether it is possible for social workers to identify cause and effect, and, if so, what is the best means for doing so. These questions are central to determining the possibility of developing a science of social work and how we go about doing it. This article has four aims: (1) provide an overview of the nature of causality; (2) examine how causality is treated in social work research and practice; (3) highlight the role of quantitative and qualitative methods in the search for causality; and (4) demonstrate how both methods can be employed to support a “science” of social work.
Application of the unified model with Coriolis coupling to 22 Na, 26 Al and 30 P

Abstract The collective rotational model of Bohr, Mottelson and Nilsson is applied to the doubly odd sd shell nuclei 22Na, 26Al and 30P. The odd neutron and odd proton are placed in Nilsson orbitals generated by the axially symmetric deformed core. The Hamiltonian is composed of the collective rotational energy, including the Coriolis terms; the single-particle Nilsson energies; and a residual interaction between the last odd neutron and proton. The effective matrix elements calculated by Kuo and Brown from the Hamada-Johnston nucleon-nucleon potential are used for the residual interaction between the last two nucleons. Nuclear energy levels and wave functions are calculated by diagonalizing this Hamiltonian on a basis consisting of the rotational bands built on single-particle states obtained by placing the odd neutron and odd proton in all available sd shell Nilsson single-particle and single-hole orbitals. The deformation parameter β is determined for each nucleus by fitting the experimental energy spectrum. The other model parameters are assigned the same value for all the nuclei treated, except for the coefficient {ce:inline-formula}D{/ce:inline-formula} of the {ce:inline-formula}l·l{/ce:inline-formula} term in the Nilsson Hamiltonian, which must be varied to produce a satisfactory spectrum for 30P. Magnetic moments, electric quadrupole moments, and Ml and E2 transition rates and mixing ratios are calculated. The calculated results are compared with experimental data. Agreement between the theoretical and experimental energy spectra is satisfactory for all three nuclei for states below 2 MeV, but there are discrepancies for states above 2 MeV in 22Na. For the electromagnetic properties, agreement is satisfactory for transitions from states below 2 MeV in 22Na and 30P, but there are discrepancies for states above 2 MeV in 30P and for low-lying states in 26Al.
Amazonian functional diversity from forest canopy chemical assembly

Patterns of tropical forest functional diversity express processes of ecological assembly at multiple geographic scales and aid in predicting ecological responses to environmental change. Tree canopy chemistry underpins forest functional diversity, but the interactive role of phylogeny and environment in determining the chemical traits of tropical trees is poorly known. Collecting and analyzing foliage in 2,420 canopy tree species across 19 forests in the western Amazon, we discovered (i) systematic, community-scale shifts in average canopy chemical traits along gradients of elevation and soil fertility; (ii) strong phylogenetic partitioning of structural and defense chemicals within communities independent of variation in environmental conditions; and (iii) strong environmental control on foliar phosphorus and calcium, the two rock-derived elements limiting CO2 uptake in tropical forests. These findings indicate that the chemical diversity of western Amazonian forests occurs in a regionally nested mosaic driven by long-term chemical trait adjustment of communities to large-scale environmental filters, particularly soils and climate, and is supported by phylogenetic divergence of traits essential to foliar survival under varying environmental conditions. Geographically nested patterns of forest canopy chemical traits will play a role in determining the response and functional rearrangement of western Amazonian ecosystems to changing land use and climate.
A K‐SAMPLE EXTENSION TO FLIGNER'S CLASS OF TESTS FOR SCALE

Summary The parameteric tests for equality of variance are well known. The classical F-test is typically used to test the hypothesis of equality of two variances, while tests such as those developed by Bartlett (1937) are commonly used for the k-sample hypothesis. These tests assume an underlying normal distribution and are quite sensitive to departures from normality (Box, 1953). Thus, when considering data that are from non-normal distributions, alternative nonparametric tests must be employed. Fligner (1979) has proposed a class of two-sample distribution-free tests which possess very desirable properties and are attractive alternatives to other nonparametric tests for scale. The present paper extends the Fligner class of tests to the more general k-sample case.
A nationally agreed framework for primary history

(1984). A nationally agreed framework for primary history? Education 3-13: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 33-36.
Evolved image compression transforms

State-of-the-art image compression and reconstruction schemes utilize wavelets. Quantization and thresholding are commonly used to achieve additional compression, but cause permanent, irreversible information loss. This paper describes an investigation into whether evolutionary computation (EC) may be used to optimize forward (compression-only) transforms capable of matching or exceeding the compression capabilities of a selected wavelet, while reducing the aggregate error in images subsequently reconstructed by that wavelet. Transforms are independently trained and tested using three sets of images: digital photographs, fingerprints, and satellite images.
The dependence of diamond growth rate on hydrogen dissociation in a d.c. arcjet plasma

A calorimetric technique was used to measure the plasma enthalpy in a d.c. arcjet diamond deposition system. Using these measurements, and a model based on the assumption of local thermal equilibrium (LTE), the temperature of the plasma emerging from the torch nozzle could be calculated. By controlling the electrical power into the torch, the plasma temperature could be varied from 2900 to 4500 K. This range of plasma temperatures corresponded to a fraction of dissociated H2 (α) which ranged from 0.19 to 0.98. Surprisingly, this variation in the concentration of atomic hydrogen had no effect on the diamond growth rate.
Surgical management of growing teratoma syndrome: the M. D. Anderson cancer center experience.

Purpose: We defined the growth rate and reviewed our experience in the surgical management of growing teratoma syndrome in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.Materials and Methods: Nine patients were clinically diagnosed with growing teratoma syndrome at our center from 1980 to 2003. The defining criteria of growing teratoma syndrome were growing metastatic mass in the retroperitoneum or other site consisting entirely of mature teratoma detected on serial abdominal/pelvic imaging during chemotherapy, and a significant decrease in or normalization of tumor markers.Results: Precise serial abdominal/pelvic radiological measurements of the retroperitoneal masses were available for 7 of 9 patients. The median growth rate of growing teratoma syndrome measured as the increase in diameter during chemotherapy was 0.7 cm per month. The median growth rate measured as the increase in tumor volume was 12.9 cc per month. Median time from the start of chemotherapy to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was...
A THEORETICAL STUDY OF BOND ENERGIES IN MODEL SI-H-CL MOLECULES USING DENSITY FUNCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR REPRESENTING SI SURFACE CHEMISTRY

The reliability of density functional theory (DFT) methods for calculating Si(SINGLE BOND)2H, Si(SINGLE BOND)Cl, and Si(SINGLE BOND)Si bond energies is examined in reactions involving molecules and small clusters representing various surface sites appropriate for Si surface chemistry. Results are presented for systematic studies using a valence double-zeta polarization basis for both all-electron calculations and valence–electron calculations employing effective core potentials (ECPs). All-electron DFT results are comparable to much more demanding MP4, G2, and MC–SCF–CI calculations for computed bond energies. Whereas the use of ECPs introduces systematic energy differences of ca. 3–5 kcal/mol compared to AE results, depending on the type of bond involved, the use of ECPs for carrying out calculations on larger clusters is discussed where AE calculations become more computationally demanding. The convergence of Si bond energies as a function of replacing hydrogens with silyl groups is examined. In constructing models to describe etching processes involving Cl species on Si surfaces, the need for incorporating differences in thermochemistries for one-, two-, and three-coordinate Si surface sites is emphasized. Comparisons of semiempirical approaches for thermochemistries of Si-containing species find these methods somewhat less reliable for obtaining reliable bond energies compared to computationally more demanding DFT and ab initio correlated models. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem18: 2075–2085, 1997
Estimation of cardiac output and stroke volume from thermal equilibration and heartbeat rates in fish

Cardiac output and stroke volume were estimated for a 200 g largemouth blackbass (Micropterus salmoides) by a modified whole-body thermodilution method using the relation between thermal equilibration rates and heartbeat frequencies. The reciprocal of the thermal time constant, k (min−1), was related to the heartbeat frequency, F (beats min−1), by the equation k=0.00146 F + 0.309; the slope is the weight-specific stroke volume (ml g−1) and the intercept is the weight-specific heat transfer constant (cal °C−1 min−1 g−1). Stroke volume was 0.292 ml (0.00146 ml/g body weight), yielding cardiac output values ranging from 44 ml kg−1 min−1 (at 30 beats min) to 158 ml kg−1 min−1 (at 108 beats min−1), or 4.4 to 15.8% of body weight. Active (convective) heat transfer due to blood flow constituted an estimated 11 to 34% (mean 22.5%) of total heat transfer, depending on heartbeat frequency; this variability constitutes physiological thermoregulation.
Plastic yielding at the tip of a blunt notch during static and fatigue loading

Abstract Rice's analytical Mode III solution for the relationship between anti-plane stress and anti-plane strain was used to determine the small scale plastic yielding at the tip of a two-dimensional blunt notch. The results were applied to fatigue loading. The plastic zone size and crack opening displacement derived in the present analysis were determined as functions of applied stress, geometric factors (notch radius and length) and material properties (yield stress and the work hardening rate). The minimum stress intensity required for plastic yielding at a blunt notch tip was postulated to be the experimentally observed threshold stress intensity for fatigue crack initiation. The threshold stress intensity so determined depends not only on the notch geometry but also on material properties. There is good agreement with calculated and measured values of the threshold stress intensity for fatigue crack initiation.
Leukokinesis-enhancing factor in human serum: Partial characterization and relationship to disorders of leukocyte migration☆

Abstract In the presence (as contrasted to the absence) of serum, human polymorphonuclear leukocytes respond with enhanced movement in modified Boyden chambers. This observation is largely related to the presence in serum of a factor which enhances random migration of leukocytes (leukokinesis). This substance, termed the leukokinesis-enhancing factor (LEF), can be fractionated from normal human serum by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. LEF has a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 2.9 S and has an isoelectric point between 4.2 and 5.6. It antagonizes the effects of the cell-directed inhibitor of leukotaxis, thus providing evidence for a complex control of leukocyte movement by serum factors. LEF also has a stimulatory effect on the in vitro movement of human monocytes. A small effect of LEF in phagocytic function of human leukocytes was shown. Three patients with persistent and recurrent bacterial infections have been discussed. In each case, the major in vitro defect of leukotaxis has been a relative deficiency of LEF in their serum. This would appear to represent a previously undescribed defect of leukocyte motility.
Systematical Optimization of Reverse-Phase Chromatography for Shotgun Proteomics

We report the optimization of a common LC−MS/MS platform to maximize the number of proteins identified from a complex biological sample. The platform uses digested yeast lysate on a 75 μm internal diameter × 12 cm reverse-phase column that is combined with an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. We first generated a yeast peptide mix that was quantified by multiple methods including the strategy of stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). The peptide mix was analyzed on a highly reproducible, automated nanoLC−MS/MS system with systematic adjustment of loading amount, flow rate, elution gradient range and length. Interestingly, the column was found to be almost saturated by loading ∼1 μg of the sample. Whereas the optimal flow rate (∼0.2 μL/min) and elution buffer range (13−32% of acetonitrile) appeared to be independent of the loading amount, the best gradient length varied according to the amount of samples: 160 min for 1 μg of the peptide mix, but 40 min for 10 ng of the same sample....
Alternative visions and representation: independent documentary film-making in contemporary China

ABSTRACTIndependent documentary filmmaking in contemporary China offers an alternative vision to official, mainstream, and commercial productions. This essay shows how the practices of independent filmmakers constitute alternative perspectives by first exploring representations of the AIDS epidemic and AIDS orphans in China, and then by examining reconstructions of sociopolitical history silenced by official discourse and ignored in collective memory. Also discussed are gender politics in documentaries which use women as discursive or visual subjects and the question of why the perspective of gender remains marginal to the documentary film practices.
Extraction, purification by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of taxanes from ornamental Taxus needles

Needles from ornamental yews (Taxus spp.) are known to contain significant amounts of the anticancer agent Taxol (paclitaxel), as well as other analogous taxane compounds. Methanol extracts the taxanes from the needles efficiently, but the crude methanolic extract contains large amounts of co-extractives in addition to the taxanes of interest. The crude extract may be fractionally partitioned using C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE), permitting the collection of a fraction in which the taxanes elute quantitatively. This fraction can then be analyzed directly by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. We have successfully scaled-up the quantity of crude extract partitioned by means of the SPE technique, using larger SPE cartridges prepared in our laboratory as well as using Empore extraction disks. SPE using the Empore disks permits us to collect large quantities of the taxane fraction for studies on its cytostatic effect on non-mammalian eukaryotic cells.
Effect of strength and timing of transmembrane current pulses on isolated ventricular myocytes.

Cellular Response to Premature Stimuli.Introduction: Little is known about how the amplitude and timing of transmembrane current pulses affect transmembrane potential (Vm) and action potential duration (APD) in isolated myocytes. Methods and Results: Ten ventricular myocytes were isolated from five rabbit hearts. Each cell was paced at an S1 cycle length of 250 msec, and S2 pulses of 10-msec duration were delivered at various strengths and time intervals. For all S2 strengths (0.2 to 1.5 nA), the magnitude of changes in Vm did not depend on polarity during the plateau, but were larger for depolarizing pulses during phase 3 repolarization. However, the magnitude of changes in APD varied with polarity during the entire action potential for strengths ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 nA. Greater changes in APD occurred for hyperpolarizing pulses during the plateau and depolarizing pulses during phase 3. In addition, we used a cardiac phase variable to quantify the current threshold for regenerative depolarization and repolarization as a function of prestimulus Vm. Regenerative depolarization occurred during phase 3 repolarization, and its current threshold was less than that required for regenerative repolarization that occurred during the plateau. These data were compared to computer simulations in a patch of membrane represented by Luo-Rudy dynamic kinetics, and the results were qualitatively similar, including the higher threshold for regenerative repolarization compared to regenerative depolarization. Conclusion: This characterization of the nonlinear response of isolated cells to transmembrane current, including phase resetting, should aid in understanding the mechanisms of defibrillation because shockinduced changes in Vm and APD have been implicated as important factors in determining defibrillation success.
Metabolism of polyadenylic acid sequences during germination of Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores

Abstract The metabolism of the poly(A) sequences isolated from Blastocladiella emersonii was followed during the first hour of germination. Poly (A) sequences synthesized during the first 30 min of germination do not undergo detectable changes in size. During the first 45 min of germination, poly(A) sequences synthesized during zoosporogenesis decrease in size to the extent that there is essentially no size overlap between poly(A) fragments which were present in the zoospore and newly synthesized poly(A) sequences. The results presented indicate that during germination, polyadenylation occurs in RNA molecules which were present in the zoospore but lacked poly(A) sequences. No detectable size differences were observed between poly(A) sequences added to newly synthesized RNA compared to those added to the nonpolyadenylated RNA present in the zoospore during germination. Cycloheximide did not prevent the observed decrease in size of the poly(A) sequences during germination.
Keck NIRC2 photometry of Uranus, uranian satellites, and Triton in August 2004

Abstract On August 11, 2004, we made adaptive optics observations of the Uranus and Neptune systems with the Keck II Near Infrared Camera. Uranus and Triton were observed in three broadband filters (J, H, and K-prime) and four narrowband filters [Hcont, FeII, He1_B, and H 2 ( v = 1 - 0 ) ]. Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, and Oberon were observed in the four narrowband filters only. To achieve the highest possible photometric accuracy, and thus the tightest possible constraints on atmospheric aerosol models and gas mixing ratios, we used aperture photometry that accounted for the dependence of point-spread functions and growth curves on the adaptive optics reference object, and accounted for recently determined phase curves of each object. The satellite albedos we determined were compared with published relative spectra to verify the relative consistency of our observations, which were subsequently used to convert published relative spectra to absolute spectra. We used these absolute spectra and synthetic photometry methods to compare published values in dissimilar photometric systems to each other and to our observations. We find our satellite albedos in best agreement with photometry from Karkoschka [Karkoschka, E., 2001. Icarus 151, 51–68], which is the best characterized and most contemporaneous data set. Our estimated absolute accuracy of 5% to 8% is consistent with these intercomparisons. We obtained the following ring-subtracted and discrete feature-free albedos of Uranus: J: ( 1.66 ± 0.07 ) × 10 −2 , H: ( 1.09 ± 0.05 ) × 10 −2 , K ′ : ( 2.08 ± 0.15 ) × 10 −4 , Hcont: ( 3.71 ± 0.23 ) × 10 −2 , FeII: ( 1.14 ± 0.07 ) × 10 −3 , He1_B: ( 2.06 ± 0.16 ) × 10 −4 , and H2: ( 1.27 ± 0.10 ) × 10 −4 .
«What did you say?» Using review of tape-recorded interactions to increase social acknowledgments by trainees in a community-based vocational program

Dana and Rick, two adults with developmental disabilities enrolled in a restaurant training program, had poor prospects for long-term employment because of inappropriate social behavior. They often made no response, mumbled inaudibly, or made a negative remark when spoken to by their supervisors or other employees. Each trainee's Individual Vocational Plan (IVP) included goals of prompt and polite acknowledgement of coworker initiations. Previous efforts to improve Dana and Rick's acknowledging behavior had been unsuccessful. Throughout the study, each trainee's responses to 20 verbal initiations by coworkers (i.e., requests, questions, corrective feedback, praise, and social comments) were recorded during each of two observation periods per workshift. Throughout one of the observation periods during the intervention phases, the trainees carried in their work aprons a small, audio cassette recorder that recorded their interactions with coworkers. The primary intervention consisted of a preworkshift meeting in which the trainee and experimenter reviewed five randomly selected interactions recorded during the previous day's shift. The review included self-evaluation, praise, corrective feedback, and role-play. A multiple baseline across subjects design showed each trainee acknowledged a greater number of coworker initiations as a function of the intervention. Each trainee also acknowledged more coworker initiations during the second observation period when the tape recorder was never worn. In a subsequent intervention phase, Dana reviewed her tape-recorded interactions prior to randomly selected shifts. Rick's acknowledgments increased to a socially valid level when the review procedure was supplemented with graphic feedback. Both trainees continued to acknowledge their coworkers' initiations at levels equal to nondisabled restaurant employees when they no longer wore the tape recorder during a final phase and during follow-up observations 4 to 8 weeks later.
Dual control of cytosolic metals by lysosomal transporters in lobster hepatopancreas.

This study describes the membrane transport mechanisms used by lobster ( Homarus americanus ) hepatopancreatic epithelial lysosomes to accumulate and sequester heavy metals from the cytosol, and thereby aid in the regulation of these ions entering the animal from dietary constituents. The present investigation extends previous work describing lysosomal metal uptake by cation exchange with protons and suggests that a second, parallel, lysosomal transport process involving metal—thiol conjugates may work in conjunction with the cation antiporter to control cytoplasmic metal concentrations. Transport of 65Zn2+ by lysosomal membrane vesicles (LMV) incubated in 1 mmol l−1 glutathione (GSH) was not significantly different from metal transport in the absence of the tripeptide. However, preloading LMV with 1 mmol l−1 α-ketoglutarate (AKG), and then incubating in a medium containing 1 mmol l−1 GSH, more than doubled metal uptake, compared with vesicles equilibrated with chloride or possessing an outwardly directed chloride gradient. Kinetic analysis of lysosomal 65Zn2+ influx as a function of zinc concentration, in vesicles containing 1 mmol l−1 AKG and incubated in 1 mmol l−1 GSH, revealed the presence of a sigmoidal, low affinity, high capacity carrier process transporting the metal into the organelle. These data indicated the possible presence of an organic anion exchanger in lobster lysosomal membranes. Western blot analysis of LMV with a rabbit anti-rat OAT1 antibody showed the presence of an orthologous OAT1-like protein (approximate molecular mass of 80 kDa) signal from these membranes. These results, and those published previously, suggest the occurrence of two metal transporters on hepatopancreatic membranes, a high affinity, low capacity cation antiporter and a low affinity, high capacity organic anion exchanger. Together these two systems have the potential to regulate cytoplasmic metals over a wide concentration range.
HyperService: Linking and Exploring Services on the Web

Web is becoming a programmable platform, with countless services blooming everyday in various forms like Feeds, REST APIs and Widgets, etc. Although the existing technologies, such as Mashups, have reduced the challenges to build new applications by composing these services, it's still far from enabling the non-technical users to solve their situational problems by correlating and consuming these services. In this paper, we present our HyperService technology, which empowers a much more flexible way to link and explore existing services for solving various situational problems. In HyperService, the service metadata, service linkages and user behaviors are indexed and managed; Based on the user’s input keywords and navigation context, a group of relevant services are dynamically searched, ranked and recommended for facilitating future navigations; the service navigation is smoothed by a web2.0 style exploratory user interface. A prototype system is also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our HyperService research work.
Cycles, permutations and the structure of the yule process with immigration

Abstract A novel representation of the linear birth process with immigration is analysed. The state space of the process is the collection of permutations of the integers, written in a particular cyclic form. The stochastic structure of the model is particularly simple to describe. The results serve to explain the combinatorial structure of some sampling formulae that arise in the study of neutral mutations in population genetics.
Characterization of an all-optical clock recovery figure-eight laser for systems applications

A novel geometry for all-optical clock recovery using a semiconductor amplifier yields a strong locking mechanism in a short cavity. The clock recovery laser is characterized with regard to its performance in a system environment. The clock circuit is operated at data rates from 1 to 40 GHz and exhibits a large locking bandwidth and low timing jitter.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.