cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corpi queer: Omosessualità, politica ed effeminatezza secondo Pasolini

Some scholars criticize Pier Paolo Pasolini for his negative representation of homosexuality, his conservative views on gay politics, and his alleged internalized homophobia. While considering the impact of the socio-cultural context on Pasolini’s early view of homosexuality, this essay argues that, at the turn of the 70s, Pasolini conceived of homosexuality as an important force in the fight for real tolerance and an alternative to capitalist society. Some of his later writings, interviews, and projects show that Pasolini was indeed elaborating a radical, anti-identitarian homosexual politics, which can remind of some reflections developed by the queer movement two decades later. In particular, in the years before his premature death, despite his exclusive attraction to heterosexual male bodies, Pasolini came to consider and represent the effeminate homosexual body as a radical destabilizing force against hegemonic masculinity and homosexual identity politics.
SU‐E‐T‐476: Improving KCl:Eu2+ Dosimeter Sensitivity: The Role of Oxygen

Purpose: Recent research has shown that KCl:Eu2+ has great potential for use in megavoltage radiation therapy dosimetry because this material exhibits excellent storage performance and is reusable due to strong radiation hardness. The purpose of this work is to determine if increased signal could be realized in KCl:Eu2+ by incorporating oxygen in the material fabrication process. Methods: The prototype KCl:Eu2+ dosimeters have a physical makeup similar to thermoluminescent dosimeter chips. The photostimulation light source consists of either a He-Ne laser or a UV enhanced Xe arc lamp with wavelength selection provided by a motorized monochromator. X-ray diffraction is used to determine the phase composition of the dosimeters. Photoluminescence (PL) and photostimulated luminescence (PSL) emission spectra are obtained using a Nanolog Spectrofluoremeter. Results: Europium activator is completely incorporated into the KCl parent-matrix without the formation of a noticeable secondary phase. Regardless of synthesis atmosphere, air or pure nitrogen, PSL amplitude shows a maximum at 1.0 mol % Eu. Depending on europium concentration, dosimeters fabricated in air exhibit stronger PSL by a factor of 2 to 4 compared to those made in N2. There is no change in PSL stimulation spectrum while noticeable shifts in both PL and PSL emission spectra are observed for air versus nitrogen. Almost all charge-storage centers are spatially correlated, suggesting oxygen’s stabilization role in the PSL process. KCl:Eu2+ made in oxygen-rich air is capable of measuring a dose-to-water as low as 0.01 cGy from a 6MV photon beam with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 6. Conclusions: Synthesis in a reduction atmosphere, for example, nitrogen, was thought to be mandatory in order to retain europium activator’s divalent status to be PSL active. Fortunately, divalent europium can be well preserved in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. More importantly, oxygen can enhance PSL by a factor of 2 to 4. HL is the founder of DoseImaging, LLC that is exclusively dedicated to commercializing this technology.
History, Frankish identity and the framing of Western ethnicity, 550-850

Introduction Part I. Communities of the Middle Ground in Sixth-Century Gaul: 1. Gregory of Tours and his genealogy of pastoral power in late antique Gaul 2. Virtutes sanctorum et strages gentium: 'The deeds of the saints and the slaughters of the peoples' - the radicalisation of church history 3. The dangers of history 4. Continuities and discontinuities: Roman and Frankish alternatives to Gregory 5. The politics of identity in the Merovingian kingdoms of the sixth century Part II. Countermyths: The Search for Origins in the Merovingian Kingdoms: 6. The persistence of Gregory's vision of community: the reecriture and reconfiguration of the Histories in the seventh century 7. Iocundus in fabolis et strenuus in consiliis: Roman trickery and Frankish mythmaking in the Chronicle of Fredegar 8. ... sicut ceterae gentes - '... like the other peoples' - the Liber historiae Francorum and the definition of the populus in the seventh and eighth century 9. Spielraume of Frankish identity in the long seventh century Part III. A Common Future: The Reforms of Frankish Identity under the Carolingians: 10. Gens Francorum inclita: 'the illustrious Frankish people' - the centralization of Frankishness under the early Carolingians 11. Correctio: the redefinition of central Frankishness 12. Before and after 800: central and local Frankishness in the Carolingian world 13. Before and after 829: the transformation of Frankish identity from the short to the long history of the Royal Frankish Annals Conclusion: Frankish identity, Western ethnicity Bibliography Index.
Retroviral expression of connexins in embryonic chick lens.

PURPOSE. To develop an in vivo model system in which exogenous proteins can be expressed in embryonic chick lens and to further understand the function of connexin-mediated gap junction intercellular communication in lens cell biology. METHODS. RCAS(A) is a replication-competent chicken retrovirus that infects dividing cells. Retroviral constructs were prepared containing alkaline phosphatase (AP) and FLAG-tagged connexins. Chick lenses were infected in situ by injecting virus into the lumen of lens vesicles at stage 18, cultures were taken at various periods. The lenses were then dissected, and the expressed proteins were visualized by AP histochemical examination and immunostaining. REsuLTs. Twenty-four hours after infection, alkaline phosphatase could be seen in epithelia and fibers. As lens fiber maturation progressed, however, the alkaline phosphatase staining was lost as the fibers matured, presumably because of the proteolytic removal of the enzyme. By 72 hours, alkaline phosphatase staining could still be observed in epithelial cells and in differentiating fibers in the how region but not in the mature lens fibers. FLAG-tagged exogenous lens connexins were also abundantly expressed by viral infection. The exogenous connexins were localized at the cell surfaces in junctional maculae and showed the same cell-type specific distribution as that of their endogenous connexin counterparts. CoNclusions. An in vivo model system has been developed in the chick that provides opportunities to study the expression of wild-type and mutant proteins during lens differentiation. Expression of wild-type connexins has revealed that the characteristic distribution of the three different lens connexins is maintained even when expression is driven by a viral promoter.
Transport systems for 1,4-diaminobutane, spermidine, and spermine in Escherichia coli.

Uptake processes for 1,4-diaminobutane, spermidine, and spermine have been studied in Escherichia coli. The uptake systems can be divided into two components. One is a rapid adsorption that is not dependent on active metabolic processes, and can be observed at 0° as well as at 37°. The adsorbed amine can be largely removed by washing the bacteria with the nonradioactive amine or with salt-containing media. The amount of the adsorbed amine was less than 1% of the added amine for 1,4-diaminobutane, 3 to 5% for spermidine, and 7 to 15% for spermine. The second is a larger, time-dependent component which depends on metabolic processes, does not occur at 0°, and is markedly decreased by the omission of glucose or by the addition of dinitrophenol. The accumulated amines cannot be removed by washing the bacteria with solutions of the nonradioactive amines; they are released, however, by treatment of the bacteria with toluene or butanol-1. Studies are also reported on the effect of pH, concentration, and inhibitors on these systems.
Antitheta-sensitive regulatory cell (TSRC) and hematopoiesis: regulation of differentiation of transplanted stem cells in W/Wv anemic and normal mice.

The macrocytic anemia of the W/Wv mouse can be cured by the injection of normal littermate bone marrow cells into nonirradiated recipients. In addition to the stem cell requirement for this cure, we describe a cell type sensitive to treatment in vitro with antitheta serum and complement that appeared to be required for a cure. The mechanism of action of this antitheta-sensitive regulatory cell (TSRC) involves its effect on the pluripotent stem cell. Cells from the thymus of normal littermates, when infused with bone marrow cells from a normal donor, increase the number of spleen colonies found in nonirradiated W/Wv recipients. While depletion of the TSRC does not appear to be cytotoxic to the stem cell, it alters the differentiation pathway of cells seeding in the spleen following transplant. There is a shift from predominantly erythroid to granuloid microscopic colonies following such treatment. Thymocytes from normal but not anemic donor animals will cooperate with the stem cell from T cell-depleted marrow to produce predominantly erythroid colonies and, furthermore, will cure the anemic mouse. The number of thymocytes required is exceedingly small (103-104); the “helper” function is not destroyed by irradiation in vitro or in vivo, and initial cell-to-cell contact appears to be required (TSRC and stem cell) for cure of the anemic W/Wv recipients.
Older Women: Social Cognitive Theory Correlates of Health Behavior

Most research about health promoting behaviors has focused on pre-old adults and men, despite clear evidence that the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women is related to health behaviors. This study applied social cognitive theory constructs to exercise, dietary, and stress management health behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of self-efficacy expectation and outcome expectancy to predict health behavior among older women. Community-dwelling women aged 65 to 92 years were interviewed with previously developed instruments and instruments designed specifically for this study (N = 225). Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of each of the health behaviors (beta weights: dietary behavior .50; exercise, .39; stress management, .32). Outcome expectancy was not a significant predictor of exercise or dietary behavior. Outcome expectancy was a significant predictor of stress management behavior. The findings of this study, combined with the importance of health promotion behaviors among older women, justify the need for continued research about self-efficacy and health behavior among this vulnerable population.
The Stoichiometry of Binding of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Origin Binding Protein, UL9, to OriS

Abstract A number of studies have demonstrated that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL9 protein, which is a homodimer in solution, binds to two high affinity binding sites in each origin of replication. Interaction between the proteins bound at the two sites leads to the formation of a complex nucleoprotein structure. The simplest models for this binding interaction predict two possible binding stoichiometries: 1) one UL9 dimer is bound at each site; or 2) one UL9 monomer is bound at each site so that one UL9 dimer occupies both sites. Two recent papers have addressed this issue by using indirect methods to measure the binding stoichiometry. Martin et al. (Martin, D. W., Munoz, R. M., Oliver, D., Subler, M. A., and Deb, S.(1994) Virology 198, 71-80) reported that a monomer of [Medline] UL9 binds to a single high affinity site, and Stabell and Olivo (Stabell, E. C., and Olivo, P. D.(1993) Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 5203-5211) concluded that a dimer of UL9 binds to a single high affinity site. We have directly measured the stoichiometry of binding of the carboxyl-terminal DNA binding domain of UL9 (t-UL9) to the origin of replication using a double-label gel shift assay. Using a short synthetic double-stranded oligonucleotide containing a single UL9 binding site, one protein-DNA complex was detected in the gel shift assay, and the molar ratio of UL9 DNA binding domains to DNA binding sites in this complex was determined to be 2.0 ± 0.1 (n = 13). Using the minimal origin sequence excised from plasmid DNA, two protein-DNA complexes were detected. The binding stoichiometry of the faster migrating complex was 1.8 ± 0.1 (n = 15), and the stoichiometry of the more slowly migrating band was 3.7 ± 0.4 (n = 15). The simplest explanation for these data is that UL9 binds to the origin of replication as a homodimer with one dimer bound at both high affinity sites.
Make Suicide Prevention a National Priority

271 NCMJ vol. 76, no. 4 ncmedicaljournal.com NCMJ vol. 76, no. 4 ncmedicaljournal.com To the Editor—Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States [1], and most suicides are the result of untreated mental illness [2]. We know today that more research, advocacy, and education can help prevent these needless deaths. Like so many others, I know about this personally because I lost my father to suicide in 2011. For too long, suicide has been swept under the rug, and families have been made to feel ashamed for losing a loved one to mental illness. Now, some solutions may be within our grasp. For example, studies have shown that placing additional barriers on bridges reduces the number of suicides [3, 4]. Once deterred from suicide, people often do not try again. There are similar findings in other areas, such as neurobiology and clinical treatment, but more research is needed. Just as federal funding made the difference in preventing cancer and HIV/AIDS, more funding for suicide prevention research will save lives. My fellow advocates traveled to Washington, DC, to tell our members of Congress how important this issue is to us. If you suffer from a mental illness—or you know someone who does—take 5 minutes right now to call your US Representatives and Senators at 202-224-3121, and tell them to make suicide prevention a national priority. For more information on what advocates are speaking to Congress about and how to approach your Representatives and Senators, please visit www.afsp.org/advocacy2015. You might just save a life.
Training Teachers to Promote Pretend Play in Young Children with Disabilities

A multiple probe design was used to examine the relation between teachers' use of the system of least prompts, contingent imitation, and praise, and the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of pretend play by 4 children with disabilities. The teachers' use of the intervention package was functionally related to increases in the children's frequency and diversity of pretense behaviors, including related vocalizations. Children also maintained the responses in probes without prompts and generalized them to sessions with a nonteacher adult. The findings replicate previous studies on adult prompting of pretend play and extend the literature by using taxonomy of pretense to measure pretend play, measuring teachers' fidelity of implementation, and assessing maintenance and generalization of children's pretend play.
Oxygen, oxysterols, ouabain, and ozone: a cautionary tale.

Abstract The recent account of the oxidation of tissue cholesterol by ozone created in human arterial plaques by the oxidation of water by electronically excited (singlet) dioxygen depends on the identification of the oxysterols formed and on the presumption that they are formed uniquely by ozone action. The chief oxysterols found, 3β-hydroxy-5-oxo-5,6-secocholestan-6-al and 3β,5-dihydroxy-5β-B-norcholestane-6β-carboxaldehyde, were identified as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones by chromatographic properties and a single mass spectral ion m / z 597 interpreted as [M-H] − . Conventional identification procedures for oxysterols were not conducted. Accordingly, absent other evidence, error may exist; such errors are known in the literature. Moreover, the assertion that ozone be the only oxidant that could form the 5,6-secosterol aldehyde from cholesterol is unproven. Other equally novel unproven processes can be posed. The account of biological ozone mimics prior 30-year-old reports of singlet oxygen itself in biological systems. Lest a similar history develop for biological ozone three topics of steroid oxidation are here reviewed to aid in understanding the current matter. Caution in evaluating the account of biological ozone is warranted.
MAIZE HYBRIDS DIFFER IN THEIR 24-H PATTERNS OF PHYTOSIDEROPHORE RELEASE

Iron (Fe) chlorosis tolerant gramineous species respond to Fe-deficiency stress by releasing phytosiderophores. The objective of this study was to characterize the diurnal pattern of phytosiderophore release from Fe-chlorosis tolerant and susceptible maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Phytosiderophore was collected from individual, Fe-deficient maize plants in 10 mg L−1 Micropur solution during 4-h collection periods. The diurnal pattern of phytosiderophore release differed among maize hybrids. Similar levels of phytosiderophore were released during light and dark conditions for three hybrids. Greater phytosiderophore release was measured from a fourth hybrid when the collection procedure began 2-h after the initiation of light compared to 2-h before the initiation of dark. When a single plant was used for six consecutive collection periods, phytosiderophore release declined during the final 8- to 12-h of collection. The decline in phytosiderophore release was attributed to dissolution of apoplastic Fe and deac...
Hydrogenolyse von β‐Furfurylidenketonen und 1‐Furylalkenonen‐(1). Synthese von Alkandiolen und ω‐Phenylalkandiolen der Kettenlänge C7C13

Die Hydrogenolyse des Furankerns von β-Furfurylidenketonen und 1-Furylalkenonen-(1) in Gegenwart von Kupferchromitkatalysatoren verlauft nach beiden Seiten, jedoch unter Bevorzugung der 1–2-Bindung. Dabei entstehen in Ausbeuten von 45–60% d. Th. γ- bzw. ξ-Alkandiole der Kettenlange C7C13, bzw. die entsprechenden ω-phenylsubstituierten Alkandiole. Daneben werden 1-Tetrahydrofurylalkanole-3 und 1-Tetrahydrofurylalkane erhalten. Es wird ferner uber das Auftreten von Hydrogenolyse-Spaltprodukten berichtet.
NONLINEAR MATERIAL AND GEOMETRIC BEHAVIOR OF SHELL STRUCTURES.

Abstract The nonlinear analysis of shell structures is studied by both the Eulerian and the Lagrangian approach. Current methods are discussed on the basis of both formulations. It is found that the widely used updated procedure is a combination of both approaches. From the current standpoint it makes use of a mixture of incremental stiffnesses derived by both approaches. The ‘bowing’ effect was found to be the main source of error in this updated procedure, and this effect was shown to be negligible when a large number of elements were used. Case studies investigate various aspects of the nonlinear behavior of arches, axisymmetric shells of revolution, flat plates, and arbitrary shells.
Carbon isotope constraints on vertical mixing and air‐sea CO2 exchange

[1] We have developed a ∼45 year carbon isotope record (δ13C, Δ14C) from the coralline sponge Acanthochaetetes wellsi from Vanuatu in an effort to examine air-sea CO2 exchange using both the δ13C Suess effect and the bomb-14C transient. From 1953 to 1999 δ13C decreased by 0.9‰. Pre-bomb Δ14C is -59‰, consistent with coral based estimates from the same region and the post-bomb maximum (+121‰) is achieved in 1973. A 1-D box-diffusion model was employed to quantify vertical diffusivity and air-sea exchange rates. The model suggests that a low vertical diffusion rate (0.1 cm2 s-1) coupled with a moderate CO2 exchange rate produces the overall observed shape of the pre-post bomb Δ14C record and the general large scale features of the δ13C time series. These parameters are on the low end of values used in ocean-carbon GCMs but are consistent with microscale tracer experiments.
The Effects of Group Performance on Cognitions, Satisfaction, and Behavior: A Process Model

A model was developed and tested that traces the process by which group task performance influences individual cognitive and affective responses and the ways that these factors in turn influence subsequent effort and performance. The results indicated that initial performance influences attributions which in turn affect effort-reward expectancies. It was also found that attributions and expectancies had direct influences on satisfaction and indirect influences on subsequent effort and performance. With regard to intragroup processes it was found that high-cohesive groups outperformed low-cohesive groups. Individuals shared credit for success with their teammates while blaming members of opposing teams for their failures.
OPTIMAL INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE POLICIES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS: FACILITY AND NETWORK PROBLEMS

State-of-the-art infrastructure management systems use Markov decision processes (MDPs) as a methodology for maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) decision making. The underlying assumptions in this methodology are that an inspection is performed at the beginning of every year and that inspections reveal the true condition state of the facility, with no error. As a result, after an inspection, the decision maker can apply the activity prescribed by the optimal policy for that condition state of the facility. Previous research has developed a methodology for M&R activity selection that accounts for the presence of both forecasting and measurement uncertainty. This methodology is the latent Markov decision process (LMDP), an extension of the traditional MDP that does not necessarily assume the measurement of facility condition to be free of error. Both a transient and a steady-state formulation of the facility-level LMDP are presented. The methodology is extended to include network-level constraints. This can be achieved by extending the LMDP model to the network-level problem through the use of randomized policies. In addition, both a transient and a steady-state formulation of the network-level LMDP are presented. A case study application demonstrates the expected savings in life-cycle costs that result from increasing the measurement accuracy used in facility inspections and from scheduling inspection decisions optimally.
The effect of mass transfer on apparent ascorbic acid autoxidation kinetics

Previous studies of copper-ion catalyzed ascorbic acid autoxidation have indicated zero-order, first-order, or Michaelis-Menten dependence of rate on ascorbic acid or copper concentrations and first- or half-order dependence on oxygen concentration. A simple mathematical model of gas-liquid mass transfer with liquid phase reaction accounts for the various behaviors. Use of an experimental technique that eliminates the mass transfer step shows that the oxidation rate dependence is first order in copper, half order in oxygen, and Michaelis-Menten in ascorbic acid concentrations.
The Role of Diquaternary Cations as Directing Agents in Zeolite Synthesis

The formation of various zeolitic phases using diquaternary cations was monitored. The chain length of the diquats was found to play a key role in the nature of the final products. In a specific composition regime, it was found that, by varying the diquat chain length, the uni-dimensional 10-ring zeolite ZSM-23 or a 12-ring containing system, i.e., ZSM-50, NU-87, or ZSM-12, was obtained. Molecular modeling studies led to a proposed orientation of the respective diquats in the 12-ring pores/channels of ZSM-50 and NU-87. It is concluded that specific chain lengths provide an ideal fit for the formation of these “2-dimensional” pore systems. When the fit is less than ideal, ZSM-23 appears as the default phase under the conditions studied.
Small-scale simulation of vapor discharges into subcooled liquid pools

Abstract The methodology proposed by Sonin [Nucl. Engrg. Des. 65 (1981) 17–21] for small-scale modeling of high-flux vapor discharges into subcooled pools is verified experimentally using sonic steam discharges into water. Small-scale simulation is used to show that the dynamic pressures induced by sonic steam discharges increase with decreasing subcooling when the subcooling is high, reach a maximum at a pool subcooling of 20–30 K or greater, and then decrease with further reductions in subcooling, becoming very low as the subcooling approaches zero. Condensation remains complete to very low subcooling. Data are presented for both straight pipe discharges and model devices simulating a BWR quencher.
Banagrass vs Eucalyptus Wood as Feedstocks for Metallurgical Biocarbon Production

Excessive emissions of fossil CO2 are known to be a primary cause of global climate change. Emissions from the iron and steel-making industries account for 5−6% of global fossil CO2 emissions. Biocarbon (i.e., charcoal) could be used to replace the coal currently employed to smelt iron ore and thereby reduce fossil CO2 emissions. In Brazil, Eucalyptus wood charcoal is used to smelt iron ore, but there is interest in the use of charcoal produced from other biomass feedstocks. Banagrass, a variety of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.), which produces near-record amounts of biomass, is a promising biomass candidate for charcoal production in Brazil and elsewhere. In this paper we describe results of charcoal production from banagrass of different ages and states of demineralization. Mature banagrass provides the highest yields of biocarbon. In addition to its maturity, the structure of the feedstock strongly influences the fixed-carbon yield. Our results indicate that banagrass may be preferred to ...
Growth orientation of carbon nanotubes by thermal chemical vapor deposition

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition. The diameters of these CNT were quite uniform with the length of the CNT up to several tens of micrometers. With the substrate surface normal either along or against the gravity vector, different growth orientations of CNT were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The Raman spectra were similar for samples synthesized at different locations. These results suggest that gravity affects the growth of long CNT with small diameters.
Climate and tectonic controls on glaciated critical-taper orogens

Abstract In this work we present the results of a new analytical model that examines the coupling between glacial erosion and orogen development. Surface processes are assumed to be glacially dominated, and tectonic activity is controlled by critical wedge mechanics. In these circumstances, we find that orogen width is strongly dependent on both the rate of accretion and on the rate of precipitation. The orogen size is linked to tectonic and climate changes via proportionality constants: the orogen width scales with the rate of accretion to between the 2/3rd and 2nd powers, and with the rate of precipitation to the 1/3rd and 5/4th powers. The value of the proportionality constants varies with the taper angle and the relative rates of ice deformation and sliding. In all cases, the sensitivities are higher than those calculated for fluvially-eroding critical wedge orogens. Analytical solutions are supported by the results of a numerical flow-line model. The flow-line model further predicts that uplift rates will be highest at, and just below, the equilibrium line altitude. If glacial ablation is largely a calving process, rock uplift in the wedge will be strongly focused towards the toe. The predicted response time of glaciated orogens to changes in climate and tectonic forcing is dependent upon the constants of erosion, the rheology, and the rate of precipitation. These analyses predict that actual orogens have variable e-folding response times, for example approximately 1.5 Myr for the Southern Alps of New Zealand and the Olympic Mountains of Washington State, and approximately 5.5 Myr for the European Alps.
Local pH Measurement with Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy

We report microscale pH probes and their application as a scanning probe in Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM).Experiments are performed with electrodes that consist of a thin gold layer deposited on one side of a nanopipet. Subsequentinsulation of the electrode with parylene and electropolymerization of aniline to form a polyaniline (PANi) thin ﬁlm on the goldelectrodesurfacecreatesamicroscalepHprobewithadynamicrangeofpH2.5–12andsensitivityof0.02
Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.

METABOLIC ALTERATIONS IN HEPATIC FAILURE A multitude of changes in metabolic processes occurs with hepatic failure. It is therefore particularly important to distinguish between correlations and causes when considering the pathogenesis of hepatic coma. The etiology appears to be multifactorial. First, to be considered a causative factor, an abnormality must be consistently present when hepatic encephalopathy is present. Second, creation of the abnormality in experimental animals should cause coma, and correction of the abnormality in animals and humans should reverse the process of encephalopathy and coma. Unfortunately hypotheses have been promoted in the absence of data which fulfill the latter criteria. Of the many abnormalities that occur with hepatic failure, the only ones that have been shown unequivocally to cause coma in experimental animals or patients are an ,xcess of ammonia, methanethiol (or its derivative dimethylsulfide), fatty acids, phenols, and the development of hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypovolemia, hypotension, or electrolyte depletion. A summary of the metabolic abnormalities that may be present during hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is given in Table I and the following. (1) Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities are usually present before HE develops. They probably play an auxiliary role in the progression and outcome of the HE. The patient may have respiratory alkalosis, metabolic alkalosis, a mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis, or metabolic acidosis, depending upon the extent and duration of respiratory or electrolyte abnormalities (Zieve, 1962). The most common variant is the mixed respiratory and metabolic alkalosis. The root causes are central respiratory center stimulation and coexistent hypokalemia. It is unlikely that enhanced movement of NH[ into cells during alkalosis has any practical significance in the progression of HE (Zieve, 1982).
Improving the reliability of breaker-and-a-half substations using sectionalized busbars

In utility power system substation design, the breaker-and-a-half topology is frequently used, primarily because it is considered very reliable. This paper aims to demonstrate that by adding sectionalizing circuit breakers into the busbars of the breaker-and-a-half configuration, the reliability of this substation design can be improved. Using a combinatorics-based approach to combining reliability indices of substation component failures, combined with using minimal cut sets of reliability graphs to identify failure scenarios, overall system failure rates were calculated for various substation topologies. The results demonstrate that the sectionalized breaker-and-a-half topology reduces the substation's failure rate by 70.8% and its total annual downtime by 28.9% compared to a typical breaker-and-a-half scheme, although at the cost of increasing the mean time to repair of a substation failure by 2.49 hours.
DO TRAVEL COST MODELS VALUE TRANSPORTATION PROPERLY

Abstract This paper examines whether travel cost models value transportation properly. It uses contingent behavior and contingent pricing analyses to explore the valuation of transport costs within the context of recreation demand. The contingent behavior analysis poses hypothetical increases in travel costs––travel distance and access fees––and examines the demand responses. In contrast, the ‘contingent pricing’ analysis asks respondents to state the increase in travel costs that is consistent with certain reductions in recreation demand, in this case, reductions that eliminate demand. By comparing distance-related responses to fee-related responses, the two analyses estimate factors for testing and improving the valuation of transport costs. To achieve these ends, the two analyses also explore the valuation of time costs.
Dealing with Weak Instruments: An Application to the Protection for Sale Model

Endogeneity of explanatory variables is now receiving the concern it deserves in the empirical political science literature. Instrumental variables (IVs) estimators, such as two-stage least squares (2SLS), are the primary means for tackling this problem. These estimators solve the endogeneity problem by "instrumenting" the endogenous regressors using exogenous variables (the instruments). In many applications, a problem that the IV approach must overcome is that of weak instruments (WIs), where the instruments only weakly identify the regression coefficients of interest. With WIs, the infinite-sample properties (e.g., consistency) used to justify the use of estimators like 2SLS are on thin ground because these estimators have poor small-sample properties. Specifically, they may suffer from excessive bias and/or Type I error. We highlight the Wl problem in the context of empirical testing of "protection for sale" model that predicts the cross-sectional pattern of trade protection as a function of political organization, imports and output. These variables are endogenous. Importantly, the instruments used to solve the endogeneity problem are weak. A method better suited to exact inference with WIs is the limited information maximum likelihood (LIML) estimator. Censoring in the dependent variable in the application requires a nonlinear Tobit LIML estimator.
Scientific research in transportation: The need for new research directions and new support policies

Ih’TRODUCTlON This paper is essentially an editorial, in which I present my views on the state of scientific knowledge in transportation, on current and emerging transportation problems, the implications of these for future research priorities and directions, and the associated requirements for support and use of such research. While I recognize that any individual has numerous biases and limitations in trying to deal with such broad issues, this paper is written in the hope that it will engender discussion and debate on these important questions.
On some generalizations of the primitive recursive arithmetic

Formal arithmetical system PRAU is defined as an extension of R.L. Goodstein's system PRA of the primitive recursive arithmetic; it is based on the consideration of functions similar to primitive recursive functions but in general not everywhere defined. It is proved that PRAU is a conservative extension of PRA. Some classes of the program schemes (PRA-schemes and PRAU-schemes) are introduced; it is proved that the classes of functions computable by such schemes coincide with the classes of functions taking part, correspondingly, in PRA and PRAU.
Tracking single units in chronic, large scale, neural recordings for brain machine interface applications.

In the study of population coding in neurobiological systems, tracking unit identity may be critical to assess possible changes in the coding properties of neuronal constituents over prolonged periods of time. Ensuring unit stability is even more critical for reliable neural decoding of motor variables in intra-cortically controlled brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). Variability in intrinsic spike patterns, tuning characteristics, and single-unit identity over chronic use is a major challenge to maintaining this stability, requiring frequent daily calibration of neural decoders in BMI sessions by an experienced human operator. Here, we report on a unit-stability tracking algorithm that efficiently and autonomously identifies putative single-units that are stable across many sessions using a relatively short duration recording interval at the start of each session. The algorithm first builds a database of features extracted from units' average spike waveforms and firing patterns across many days of recording. It then uses these features to decide whether spike occurrences on the same channel on one day belong to the same unit recorded on another day or not. We assessed the overall performance of the algorithm for different choices of features and classifiers trained using human expert judgment, and quantified it as a function of accuracy and execution time. Overall, we found a trade-off between accuracy and execution time with increasing data volumes from chronically implanted rhesus macaques, with an average of 12 seconds processing time per channel at ~90% classification accuracy. Furthermore, 77% of the resulting putative single-units matched those tracked by human experts. These results demonstrate that over the span of a few months of recordings, automated unit tracking can be performed with high accuracy and used to streamline the calibration phase during BMI sessions.
Charge and fluence lifetime measurements of a dc high voltage GaAs photogun at high average current

GaAs-based dc high voltage photoguns used at accelerators with extensive user programs must exhibit long photocathode operating lifetime. Achieving this goal represents a significant challenge for proposed high average current facilities that must operate at tens of milliamperes or more. This paper describes techniques to maintain good vacuum while delivering beam, and techniques that minimize the ill effects of ion bombardment, the dominant mechanism that reduces photocathode yield of a GaAs-based dc high voltage photogun. Experimental results presented here demonstrate enhanced lifetime at high beam currents by: (a) operating with the drive laser beam positioned away from the electrostatic center of the photocathode, (b) limiting the photocathode active area to eliminate photoemission from regions of the photocathode that do not support efficient beam delivery, (c) using a large drive laser beam to distribute ion damage over a larger area, and (d) by applying a relatively low bias voltage to the anode to repel ions created within the downstream beam line. A combination of these techniques provided the best total charge extracted lifetimes in excess of 1000 C at dc beam currents up to 9.5 mA, using green light illumination of bulk GaAs inside a 100 kV photogun.
Assaying Pharmacodynamic Endpoints with Targeted Therapy: Flavopiridol and 17AAG Induced Dephosphorylation of Histone H1.5 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Histone H1 is commonly used to assay kinase activity in vitro. As many promising targeted therapies affect kinase activity of specific enzymes involved in cancer transformation, H1 phosphorylation can serve as potential pharmacodynamic marker for drug activity within the cell. In this study we utilized a phosphoproteomic workflow to characterize histone H1 phosphorylation changes associated with two targeted therapies in the Kasumi-1 acute myeloid leukemia cell line. The phosphoproteomic workflow was first validated with standard casein phosphoproteins and then applied to the direct analysis of histone H1 from Kasumi-1 nuclear lysates. Ten H1 phosphorylation sites were identified on the H1 variants, H1.2, H1.3, H1.4, H1.5 and H1.x. LC MS profiling of intact H1s demonstrated global dephosphorylation of H1.5 associated with therapy by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol and the Heat Shock Protein 90 inhibitor, 17-(Allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. In contrast, independent treatments with a nucleotide analog, proteosome inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitor did not exhibit decreased H1.5 phosphorylation. The data presented herein demonstrate that potential of histones to assess the cellular response of reagents that have direct and indirect effects on kinase activity that alters histone phosphorylation. As such, this approach may be a highly informative marker for response to targeted therapies influencing histone phosphorylation.
An On-Line Fabric Classification Technique Using a Wavelet-Based Neural Network Approach

A sewing system is described that classifies both the fabric type and number of plies encountered during apparel assembly, so that on-line adaptation of the sewing param eters to improve stitch for...
N‐isopropylacrylamide‐based thermoresponsive polyelectrolyte multilayer films for human mesenchymal stem cell expansion

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-F) derived from adult bone marrow and have significant potential for many cell-based tissue-engineering applications. Their therapeutic potential, however, is restricted by their diminishing plasticity as they are expanded in culture. In this study, we used N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-based thermoresponsive polyelectrolyte multilayer (N-PEMU) films as culture substrates to support hMSC expansion and evaluated their effects on cell properties. The N-PEMU films were made via layer-by-layer adsorption of thermoresponsive monomers copolymerized with charged monomers, positively charged allylamine hydrochloride (PAH), or negatively charged styrene sulfonic acid (PSS) and compared to fetal bovine serum (FBS) coated surfaces. Surface charges were shown to alter the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and subsequently regulate hMSC responses including adhesion, proliferation, integrin expression, detachment, and colony forming ability. The positively charged thermal responsive surfaces improved cell adhesion and growth in a range comparable to control surfaces while maintaining significantly higher CFU-F forming ability. Immunostaining and Western blot results indicate that the improved cell adhesion and growth on the positively charged surfaces resulted from the elevated adhesion of ECM proteins such as fibronectin on the positively charge surfaces. These results demonstrate that the layer-by-layer approach is an efficient way to form PNIPAM-based thermal responsive surfaces for hMSC growth and removal without enzymatic treatment. The results also show that surface charge regulates ECM adhesion, which in turn influences not only cell adhesion but also CFU-forming ability and their multi-lineage differentiation potential.
IMP, a free electron laser amplifier for plasma heating in the Microwave Tokamak Experiment

Abstract The Intense Microwave Prototype (IMP) is an induction-linac based free electron laser (IFEL) amplifier system that is presently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). It will produce up to 2 MW of average power at 250 GHz for electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments in the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX). The Experimental Test Accelerator-II (ETA-II) will provide the electron beam. ETA-II is designed to produce an electron beam with a current of 3 kA at an energy of 10 MeV and a brightness of over 108 A/(m rad)2. In addition, it is designed to produce 70-ns-FWHM pulses at a repetition rate of 5 kHz. The high magnetic field and wide tunability capabilities required for the FEL will be provided by a permanent magnet-laced electromagnetic wiggler with a 10-cm period and an overall length of 5.5 m. We present the physics design and expected performance of the FEL, along with a description of the experiment and of the phased development to high average power.
Sensitivity to Emotional Expressions and Situations in Organic Patients

While numerous lines of investigation indicate the pivotal role of the right hemisphere in the apprehension and processing of emotional information, the specific contributions of facial recognition, other visual-spatial capacities, and a general understanding of emotionally-toned situations remains to be delineated. To secure information on the contributions of these various factors, matched groups of brain-damaged patients were required in a series of tests to match with one another faces of the same individual, facial expressions, pictorial versions of emotional situations, and linguistic versions of emotional situations. While patients with left-hemisphere damage evinced special difficulty with linguistically-presented stimuli, patients with right hemisphere damage exhibited an across-the-board reduction in emotional sensitivity, one not restricted to stimuli presented in the visual modality. In addition, right hemisphere patients also displayed a selective tendency to group together emotions of an opposite polarity (positively-toned with negatively-toned emotions). These results suggest that, in addition to its general importance in a range of emotional tasks, the right hemisphere is crucial for an appreciation of the structural relations which obtain among various emotions.
Auditor changes, information quality and bankruptcy prediction

In periods of financial distress management may attempt to suppress unfavorable information from creditors and investors through the use of undisclosed changes in accounting methods, estimates and procedures, thus reducing the quality of the information contained in the firm's financial statements. The auditor's role in this context is to ensure that such compromise does not take place. If the auditor does not permit such accounting treatments, the company may choose to switch to another auditor who will. Empirical evidence relating auditor-change behavior to the quality of comparative bankruptcy prediction models provides support for the notion that auditor changes before bankruptcy may be at least partially due to lack of success at suppressing unfavorable information with the current auditor. Conversely, non-auditor switching companies appear to enjoy greater success at suppressing negative income and leverage information.
Suffragist: The Making of a Militant

The Suffragist newspaper performed several important functions for its publisher, the National Woman's Party, which picketed the White House in 1917 to protest for votes for women. The newspaper gave women a voice, offered them community, kept the suffrage issue alive during wartime, legitimized the demand for a federal suffrage amendment, and advanced the NWP viewpoint regarding the controversial pickets. Suffragist became more militant as suppression of the pickets intensified and was a key factor in the NWP's eventual successful confrontation with the White House and American patriarchal political power. This early example of the twentieth-century feminist press used vivid and impassioned reporting, dramatic photographs, righteous editorials, republican rhetoric, clever illustrations, and emotional first-person accounts by imprisoned suffrage pickets to make its case.
EEG alpha slowing, refractory period, and reaction time in aging.

Abstract The present study was undertaken to determine if a model accounting for reaction time (RT) on the basis of the EEG alpha rhythm and refractory period (RP) could predict RT in young and old adult subjects. Ten male university undergraduates and ten community residing males over the age of 65 had resting EEG recorded at right and left occipital sites. Mean alpha frequency was 1.2 Hz slower in old subjects. RT and RP were assessed in a warned RT paradigm. Sixty-four trials of each of a 50, 100, 250, and 500 msec inter-stimulus interval (ISI) were presented in random order. The model was useful in predicting the magnitude of the age difference in RT and the difference in RT between the 50 and 100 msec ISI. However, old subjects were not disproportionately slowed at the 100 msec ISI as the model would predict and all RTs were underestimated. Thus, while a model using EEG alpha period and RP to predict age differences in RT has some weaknesses, it is useful enough to warrant additional examination.
Errors in variables in the multinomial response model

Abstract In this paper we examine measurement error in the independent variables of multinomial response model. We show how not taking this error account biases the coefficient estimate asymptotically. We provide a bias-adjusted estimator, using the multinomial logit model as an example.