cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INFERENCES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF Lyα EMISSION OF z ∼ 7 AND z ∼ 8 GALAXIES

Spectroscopic confirmation of galaxies at z ~ 7 and above has been extremely difficult, owing to a drop in intensity of Ly? emission in comparison with samples at z ~ 6. This crucial finding could potentially signal the ending of cosmic reionization. However, it is based on small data sets, often incomplete and heterogeneous in nature. We introduce a flexible Bayesian framework, useful to interpret such evidence. Within this framework, we implement two simple phenomenological models: a smooth one where the distribution of Ly? is attenuated by a factor s with respect to z ~ 6 and a patchy one where a fraction p is absorbed/non-emitted while the rest is unabsorbed. From a compilation of 39 observed z ~ 7 galaxies, we find s = 0.69 ? 0.12 and p = 0.66 ? 0.16. The models can be used to compute fractions of emitters above any equivalent width W. For W > 25 ?, we find X 25 z = 7 = 0.37 ? 0.11 (0.14 ? 0.06) for galaxies fainter (brighter) than M UV = ?20.25 for the patchy model, consistent with previous work, but with smaller uncertainties by virtue of our full use of the data. At z ~ 8 we combine new deep (5? flux limit 10?17?erg?s?1?cm?2) Keck/NIRSPEC observations of a bright Y-dropout identified by our Brightest of Reionization Galaxies Survey, with those of three objects from the literature and find that the inference is inconclusive. We compute predictions for future near-infrared spectroscopic surveys and show that it is challenging but feasible to constrain the distribution of Ly? emitters at z ~ 8 and distinguish between models.
The Big Problem with the Small Penis Rule: Why It Does Not Limit Defamation Liability

The small penis rule is an informal strategy for limiting defamation liability for authors of fiction. The rule recommends that when an author utilizes a fictional character to defame a real-life person, he should also give the character a small penis—the logic being that in order to sue, a plaintiff would have to admit that he is the fictional character, therefore admitting that he has a small penis, and thus dissuading such litigation. In this first-ever Article to address the issue, evidence is provided for why this is an unwise strategy because it would likely cause an increase in defamation liability. Additionally, this Article covers alternatives available to authors of fiction, a real-life example from Michael Crichton, and the peculiarly gendered nature of the small penis rule.
Circle-based model to estimate error in using the lowest points to indicate locations of contact developed by the femoral condyles on the tibial insert in total knee arthroplasty.

Abstract A common method used to study tibiofemoral joint biomechanics following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the lowest point method, which finds the lowest points of each femoral condyle in relation to the plane of the resected tibia. The objectives of this paper were twofold: 1) to use a circle-based model to demonstrate the large inherent error introduced when the lowest points are used to indicate anterior-posterior (AP) positions of contact by the femur on the tibial insert, 2) to use the circle-based model to estimate the magnitude of error. A circle-based model was created to simulate articular surfaces of the tibial insert and condyles of the femoral component and to demonstrate the error. Equations relating the error to radii of tibial and femoral articular surfaces were derived. The magnitude of the error was estimated for common low-conforming TKA components by determining radii using best-fit circles to approximate curvature of articular surfaces. Error in AP tibial insert contact locations is caused by the slope of the tibial articular surface and the magnitude increases with increasing slope and increasing radius of the femoral condyle. For radii approximating articular surfaces of common low-conforming components, relative errors range from 45% to 109%. The circle-based model effectively demonstrates the cause of the large error in using lowest points to indicate AP tibial insert contact locations and enables an estimate of relative error. Because relative error exceeds 45%, the lowest point method should not be used to indicate the AP tibial insert contact locations.
A cross-sectional investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and associated risk factors in children and adolescents in the United States.

Background Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 data remain limited and seropositivity rates in children were reported as <1% early in the pandemic. Seroepidemiologic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in children in a major metropolitan region of the US was performed. Methods Children and adolescents ≤19 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional, observational study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from July-October 2020 in Northern Virginia, US. Demographic, health, and COVID-19 exposure information was collected, and blood analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein total antibody. Risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were analyzed. Orthogonal antibody testing was performed, and samples were evaluated for responses to different antigens. Results In 1038 children, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positivity rate was 8.5%. After multivariate logistic regression, significant risk factors included Hispanic ethnicity, public or absent insurance, a history of COVID-19 symptoms, exposure to person with COVID-19, a household member positive for SARS-CoV-2 and multi-family or apartment dwelling without a private entrance. 66% of seropositive children had no symptoms of COVID-19. Secondary analysis included orthogonal antibody testing with assays for 1) a receptor binding domain specific antigen and 2) a nucleocapsid specific antigen had concordance rates of 80.5% and 79.3% respectively. Conclusions A much higher burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as determined by seropositivity, was found in children than previously reported; this was also higher compared to adults in the same region at a similar time. Contrary to prior reports, we determined children shoulder a significant burden of COVID-19 infection. The role of children’s disease transmission must be considered in COVID-19 mitigation strategies including vaccination.
Neurofeedback in Hereditary Angioedema: A Single Case Study of Symptom Reduction.

Neurofeedback training was performed consisting of rewarding and encouraging 12–15 Hz brainwaves (SMR), while simultaneously discouraging 4–7 Hz brainwaves (theta) and 22–30 Hz brainwaves (high beta) in the right dorsal posterior quadrant of the brain (T4, P4) for 20 half-hour NFB sessions to determine the impact on cortisol levels, DHEA-S levels, scores on the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), the quality of life inventory, and acute attack medication usage for a Hereditary Angioedema patient.
Image Noise Reduction Filters

With the expanding use of CT and growing concerns for radiation related risks, several efforts have been made in scientific community to lower radiation dose without compromising the image quality (Berrington de Gonzalez et al. Arch Intern Med 169:2071–2077, 2009; Schauer and Linton Health Phys 97:1–5, 2009; UNSCEAR Health Phys 79(3):314, 2000). In this chapter, we discuss application of image post processing filters to low radiation dose CT, as one of the technical advances for lowering radiation dose.
Kant on the Ontological Argument

The article examines Kant's various criticisms of the broadly Cartesian ontological argument as they are developed in the Critique of Pure Reason. It is argued that each of these criticisms is effective against its intended target, and that these targets include�in addition to Descartes himself�Leibniz, Wolff, and Baumgarten. It is argued that Kant's most famous criticism�the charge that being is not a real predicate�is directed exclusively against Leibniz. Kant's argument for this thesis�the argument proceeding from his example of a hundred thalers�although it may seem to beg the question, in fact succeeds against Leibniz. It does so because the charge of begging the question can be rebutted if one makes certain Leibnizian assumptions.
Constructing Markov processes with random times of birth and death

Kuznetsov [11] (see also [12]) introduced a Kolmogorov-type construction in which he constructs a stationary measure Qm from a transition semigroup Pt(x,dy) and an excessive measure m. In fact, his theorem has other interesting consequences outside of the Markovian framework, but we do not discuss these here. While Kuznetsov’s proof is “elementary”, it is rather involved. The purpose of this paper is to give an alternate construction of Qm in the case of right processes. We consider both the time homogeneous and time inhomogeneous cases. Our construction does not extend to cover the other interesting cases of Kuznetsov’s theorem, but our approach may yield some insight into the measures Qm and may aid the reader interested in recent articles [5,10] in which the measure Qm has played an important role. Mitro [13] has obtained a result similar to ours under duality hypotheses on the underlying processes, but her construction is quite different from ours.
Path switching in OBS networks

We investigate the concept of path switching in optical burst switched (OBS) networks and its potential to reducing the overall burst drop probability.With path switching, each source maintains a list of alternate paths to each destination, and uses information regarding the recent congestion status of the network links to rank the paths; it then transmits bursts along the least congested path. We present a suite of path switching strategies, each utilizing a different type of information regarding the link congestion status, and evaluate them using simulation. Our results demonstrate that, in general, path switching outperforms shortest path routing, and, depending on the path strategy involved, the network topology, and the traffic pattern, this improvement can be significant. We also present a new framework for the development of hybrid path switching strategies, which make routing decisions based on a weighted combination of the decisions taken by several independent path switching strategies. We present two instances of such hybrid strategies, one that assigns static weights and one that dynamically adjusts the weights based on feedback from the network.
Estimation of genetic parameters for scrotal circumference, age at puberty in heifers, and hip height in Brahman cattle

Genetic parameters were estimated for scrotal circumference (SC; n=287), age at puberty in heifers (AP; n=292), and hip height in both sexes (HH; n=684) for Brahman cattle born from 1984 to 1994 at the Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, Florida. Age at puberty was defined as the age (days) at first detected ovulatory estrus. Measurements of SC and HH were taken at 18 mo of age. Fixed effects considered in the SC model were year of birth (YOB), age of dam (AOD), and age at measurement (AGE) as a linear covariate. Fixed effects fitted to the AP model were YOB and AOD. Fixed effects in the HH model were YOB, sex, AOD, and AGE as a linear covariate. Variances and covariances were estimated using REML with a derivative-free algorithm and fitting a multiple trait animal model. Estimates of heritability for SC, AP, and HH were .28, .42, and .65, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations between SC and AP, SC and HH, and AP and HH were -.32, .19, and .25, respectively. Estimates of environmental correlations were .19 between SC and HH, and -.13 between AP and HH. Estimates of genetic parameters indicate a favorable genetic relationship between SC in Brahman bulls and AP in Brahman heifers under subtropical conditions. There was also evidence that selecting Brahman bulls for HH would not adversely affect SC but would have some detrimental effect on AP in female progeny.
Protective Mechanisms for Depression among Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth: Empirical Findings, Issues, and Recommendations

We (1) review empirical studies that report findings regarding putative protective mechanisms when exposed to risk of depression in African American and Hispanic adolescents; (2) identify key protective mechanisms for different risk contexts that garner empirical support; (3) synthesize the mechanisms identified as protective against depression among racial/ethnic minority adolescents; and (4) discuss improved methods for advancing understanding of resilience against depression in minority youth. The studies were selected from PsycINFO searches that met the following inclusion criteria: participants between 12 and 21 years of age, inclusions of racial/ethnic minority members, examining protection through an interaction with a risk factor, and outcome measures of depression, depressed mood, or depressive symptomatology. We found 39 eligible studies; 13 of which included multiple racial/ethnic groups. The following were supported as protective mechanisms, at least preliminarily, for at least one racial/ethnic group and in at least one risk context: employment, extracurricular activities, father-adolescent closeness, familism, maternal support, attending predominately minority schools, neighborhood composition, non-parent support, parental inductive reasoning, religiosity, self-esteem, social activities, and positive early teacher relationships. To investigate protective mechanisms more comprehensively and accurately across individual, social, and community levels of influence, we recommend incorporating multilevel modeling or multilevel growth curve analyses and large diverse samples.
Surgical Management of OSA in Adults

OSA is a common, often chronic, condition requiring long-term therapy. Given the prevalence of OSA, as well as its significant health-related sequelae, a range of medical and surgical treatments have been developed and used with varying success depending on individual anatomy and patient compliance. Although CPAP is the primary treatment, many patients cannot tolerate this treatment and require alternative therapies. In this clinical scenario, surgery is often warranted and useful. Surgical management is aimed at addressing obstruction in the nasal, retropalatal, and retroglossal/hypopharyngeal regions, and many patients have multiple levels of obstruction. This review presents a comprehensive overview of research findings on a wide spectrum of surgical approaches currently used by sleep clinicians when other therapeutic modalities fail to achieve positive outcomes.
Evidence for Newly Induced Genetic Activity Responsible for Male Recombination Induction in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

ABSTRACT The T-007 second chromosomal line of Drosophila melanogaster , previously shown to contain a major element, Mr , responsible for male recombination induction, also contains the genetic capability to induce male recombination activity into (nonhomologous) third chromosomes. This newly induced male recombination activity maps to the centromeric region of two third-chromosome lines that were subjected to mapping experiments. The ability of these third chromosome lines to induce male recombination accounts for previous observations concerning the ability of Mr + genotypes (derived from Mr/Mr + heterozygous females) to induce male recombination for only a few generations, when only second chromosomes were selected and backcrossed. The occurrence of this effect, and a similar effect induced in the homologue of T-007 , suggests a possible explanation of how natural populations of D. melanogaster have come to contain such high frequencies of these "male recombination" second and third chromosomes, despite their numerous deleterious effects.
Explaining Relationships among Student Outcomes and the School's Physical Environment.

This descriptive study investigated the possible effects of selected school design patterns on third-grade students' academic achievement. A reduced regression analysis revealed the effects of school design components (patterns) on ITBS achievement data, after including control variables, for a sample of third-grade students drawn from 24 elementary schools. The sample means on the ITBS per school represented approximately 1,916 third-grade students. The independent variable set for developing a possible explanation of student achievement was the school's physical environment, defined as four sets of design patterns: movement and circulation (e.g., adequate personal space and efficient movement patterns throughout the school), large group meeting places (e.g., social gathering places), day lighting and views (e.g., windows with natural light), and instructional neighborhoods (e.g., large and small group areas that accommodate wet and dry activities). Each of the four full regression models, which included...
Comments on americium volatilization during fuel fabrication for fast reactors

The physical processes relevant to the fabrication of metallic nuclear fuels are analyzed, with attention to recycling of fuels containing U, Pu, and minor volatile actinides for use in fast reactors. This analysis is relevant to the development of a process model that can be used for the numerical simulation and prediction of the spatial distribution of composition in the fuel, an important factor in fuel performance.
Liposuction for obesity

In the past, the obese patient has not routinely been considered a candidate for liposuction. Using traditional techniques, it was impossible to obtain diminution in size without significant blood transfusion, unless liposuction was performed in a serial/staged fashion. In addition, the use of large diameter cannulae could result in loss of supporting structure, significant waviness, irregularity, contour deformity, loss of skin support, and increased skin laxity. By using the tumescent technique and small diameter cannulae, with either syringe or machine methods, the obese patient can be a candidate for liposuction. By removing large volumes of fat with minimal blood loss, significant contour changes can be achieved without transfusions. Using small diameter cannulae decreases the likelihood of creating waviness, irregularity, contour deformity, tissue ptosis, or increased skin laxity.
Magnetic surface phenomena in liquid 3He

Abstract Significant progress has been made in recent years in identifying the magnetic phenomena on the boundary surfaces between liquid 3 He and solids. A review is given of experiments measuring interactions between 3 He and nuclei in the substrate of insulating particles immersed in helium films and bulk liquid. The fluctuations of the 3 He dipoles in the boundary region of the fluid play a crucial role in the relaxation of nuclear moments on both sides of the interface and in the transfer of magnetic information across the boundary.
Understanding Media Satisfaction: Development and Validation of an Affect-Based Scale

Media satisfaction is widely used in the study of media effects, particularly in the uses & gratifications tradition. However, its interpretation and measurement varies widely in the literature. This study builds and validates an empirically tested measure of media satisfaction through a multiphase process. Incorporating recent conceptual advances on the role of emotion in consumer satisfaction theory, an affect-based definition is proposed to capture an important missing element in most media satisfaction scales. A 4-item scale that may be adapted to different media, media genres, and content is developed. Further testing with different populations is recommended. Future research on types of affective media satisfaction, media satisfaction process models, and relationship between satisfaction and dissatisfaction is proposed.
The efficiency of two standardized procedures for extracting mutagenic chemicals from soils

Abstract A major technical limitation to monitoring the fate of mutagenic compounds in soil is the lack of an established extraction procedure. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the blender extraction procedure for extracting benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) or 2-nitrofluorene (2NF) from a Weswood silt loam or a Bastrop clay loam soil. Extracted residues were evaluated using the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify recovery of the two chemicals from soil. In addition, a limited study using only the mutagenicity assay was conducted to compare the efficiency of the Blender and Soxhlet extraction procedures for recovering organic mutagens from both soils amended with a wood preserving bottom sediment waste. Extracted residues were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide to concentrations that could be detected in the bioassay. Over all treatment levels and for both soils, the extraction efficiency of the blender procedure for BAP was greater than 80% for 12 of 16 treatments as measured using both bioassay and HPLC analysis; while, for 2NF the extraction efficiency was greater than 90% for all 15 treatments as measured by HPLC, and greater than 80% for twelve of 15 treatments as measured by bioassay. These results indicate that blender extraction provided efficient recovery of the pure compounds tested. When the efficiency of the blender and Soxhlet procedure for extracting the wood-preserving bottom sediment and waste amended soil were compared, significantly greater levels of mutagenic activity were detected in the fractions extracted using the blender extraction than were detected using the Soxhlet extraction.
Why Translators Should Want to Internationalize Translation Studies

AbstractThe role of the translator and the conceptualization of translation are both in a period of notable change. Some of this change is happening because the profession of translation is internationalizing rapidly and thus old Eurocentric and other localized ideas no longer fully respond to the demands of the field. Globalization is also exercising transformative pressures on the practices of translation, in part driven by new technologies. Frameworks to interrogate the discourses of translation studies and to develop broader conceptualizations of translation so as to meet the challenges coming from both inside and outside the field are needed by scholars, by teachers of translation, and most of all, by translators themselves. Linking theory and pragmatics, this article explores how consideration of a broad field of ideas about translation from many parts of the world offers new models of practice, greater potential for creativity, enhancement of the translator’s agency, new ethical positioning, the ab...
An analytical model of the dynamic lift experienced by a bubble moving off-angle to an inviscid flow field with vorticity

Abstract As a bubble traverses an inviscid flow field possessing vorticity it experiences a lift force in proportion to the cross-product of the relative velocity difference and the flow field vorticity. The proper derivation of this force construct is important in the formulation of bubble trajectory models applied to high vorticity regions such as a shear flow, but is hampered by three aspects. First, there is disagreement as to the evolutionary basis of the lift force. Second, the models of lift force are derived for a nominal one-dimensional flow case, i.e., collinear bubble velocity and flow field velocity vectors, but are applied to general three-dimensional simulations where the two velocities are not necessarily co-planar. This vectorial generalization of dynamic lift has not been validated. Third, the mathematical model to predict lift force is awkward to apply in a numerical trajectory simulations. In the present study, we argue that the lift force derives from a contouring of the kinetic energy and convective potential-rate fields. This forms the basis for a simple predictive tool which is termed a split lamina model , which is capable of extracting an analytical validation of the vectorial generalization. Conceptually, the split lamina model artificially cleaves a bubble into two separate halves along the plane of the impinging flow field velocity. As each half-bubble resides a flow field of a slightly different velocity, the force acting on respective halves is calculated by integrating the defect in kinetic energy and convective potential-rate. Upon mathematical reassembly of the halves the registered force imbalance is assigned to be the lift force. For a simple shear flow, the split lamina technique predicts the analytical lift coefficients for a sphere to within three percent of the accepted value C L =1/2. Hence, promoting a study of the off-nominal flow conditions, the 3D vectorial generalization of Auton (1987. Journal of Fluid Mechanics , 183 , 199–218) is subsequently validated by applying the velocity potential derived in Schrage (1998. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, May). For moderate three dimensionality, the split lamina model emulates the vectorial generalized lift force to within 10 percent. To simplify the conventional cross-product format, the lift force is compacted as an adjunct force tensor K which operates on the bubble relative velocity difference vector to describe the force in accordance with F L = ρV ( a ) K ( u − v ).
Glomerular hemodynamic changes vs. hypertrophy in experimental glomerular sclerosis

Glomerular hemodynamic changes vs. hypertrophy in experimental glomerular sclerosis. In a variety of recent studies in animals with chronic renal diseases, investigators have found a tight correlation between the elevation in glomerular pressures and flows versus glomerular hypertrophy. To investigate a possible causal link between the glomerular hyperfunction and hypertrophy, we studied the functional and morphological sequelae of nephrectomy and those of unilateral ureteral diversion (UD) into the peritoneal cavity (that is, removal of renal clearance function while keeping the kidney tissue in situ). In all nine experimental groups of 54 Munich-Wistar rats, 2/3 of the renal mass was removed from the left kidney by ligation of two or three branches of the left renal artery. In addition, right nephrectomy (NPX) was performed in Groups 1B, 2B and 3B or UD in Groups 1C, 2C and 3C. The right kidney was left untouched in control groups, Groups 1A, 2A and 3A. Micropuncture measurements and histological studies were performed at four days (Groups 1A, 1B and 1C), two weeks (Groups 2A, 2B and 2C) or four weeks (Groups 3A, 3B and 3C). At both four days and two weeks, NPX and UD groups had marked and comparable degrees ofglomerular hypertension, hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration compared to the control group in the left kidney. Whereas the maximum planar area of glomeruli (PA max ) of the UD group assessed at four days and two weeks by serial section histological analysis remained at a level similar to that of the control group, PA max was significantly increased in the NPX group. At four weeks, similar degrees of glomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration were again demonstrated in the left kidney of NPX and UD groups. However, whereas glomerular sclerosis (0 to 4 scale) assessed at four weeks was subtle in the control group (mean: 0.02) and in the UD group (mean: 0.19), a significantly and markedly higher sclerosis index (mean: 0.56) was noted in the NPX group. The results indicate that 1) physical loss of nephrons, in addition to loss of their excretory function, is required to trigger glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis. 2) While glomerular hypertrophy appears to be an important step preceding glomerular sclerosis, glomerular hyperfunction alone does little to induce glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis.
Various vectors and plant diseases

Vectors of Plant Pathogens. Edited By Kerry F. Harris and Karl Maramorosch. Pp.467. (Academic: 1980.) 27, 48.
Anatomy of interhemispheric connections in the visual system of Boston Siamese and ordinary cats.

In Siamese cats, previous studies have shown that a genetic mutation causes retinogeniculate fibers in each eye which arise from the temporal retina representing the 20° of ipsilateral visual field adjacent to the vertical meridian to cross aberrantly in the optic chiasm, thereby terminating in the wrong lateral geniculate nucleus. The abnormality is expressed subsequently at the level of the visual cortex. This paper presents anatomical evidence that the pattern of commissural visual connections in the “Boston” variety of Siamese cat also is highly abnormal in comparison to that of ordinary cats. The topographical distribution of neurons supplying visual fibers to the splenium of the corpus callosum was studied in Boston Siamese and ordinary cats using the method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following localized cortical injections made through a recording micropipette. In ordinary cats, after an HRP injection at the border between cortical area's 17 and 18, which represents the vertical meridian of the visual field, HRP-labeled cells in areas 17 and 18 of the opposite hemisphere were found only immediately adjacent to the 17-18 border, thus confirming the results of previous investigations. In Boston Siamese cats, the border represents a region in the ipsilateral visual field roughly 20° away from the vertical meridian, and the vertical meridian representation is displaced to sites within areas 17 and 18 proper. When HRP was injected at the 17-18 border, labeled cells in the opposite hemisphere were located well within area 17 near the suprasplenial sulcus, and also well within area 18; few labeled cells were found at the 17-18 border. When an HRP injection was placed at the vertical meridian representation, again few HRP-labeled cells were found at the opposite 17-18 border, but instead most were found in area 17 slightly medial to the border, and in area 18 slightly lateral to it. These findings were complemented in an autoradiographic study in which orthograde transport of tritiated proline after a localized cortical injection was used to demonstrate the distribution of callosal terminals. Thus the pattern of callosal connections revealed in Boston Siamese cats, although anatomically different from that of ordinary cats, was nevertheless consistent with the proposal that cortical sites representing similar visual field coordinates in each hemisphere are appropriately interconnected via the corpus callosum. The laminar distribution of callosal connections was examined briefly. Layer III pyramidal cells of areas 17 and 18 supplied the majority of terminals to the opposite 17-18 border. Pyramidal cells of Layers II and VI, and Layer IVa in area 18, made a smaller contribution. In areas 17 and 18, the same cortical layers (II, III, and VI; and IVa in 18) were again the ajor sites of callosal termination. A clear projection to the base of layer I was also noted. The laminar distribution of callosal connections in ordinary and Boston Siamese cats were not substantially different.
Real-time recognition of handprinted text

During the past 10 years, there has been considerable interest in the automatic recognition of handwritten and machine-printed symbols. Most of these studies have involved computer recognition of an already completed symbol; a few have involved special electronics for the analysis and recognition of characters or words as they are being written.
Perceived discrimination and well-being in gay men: the protective role of behavioural identification

Gay men regularly experience both individual and structural prejudice and discrimination, which have been shown to negatively impact well-being. The current study examined the potentially protective role of behavioural identification, a dimension of group identity, as a mediator of the relationship between perceived discrimination and well-being among gay men. The results revealed that behavioural identification mediated a positive indirect relationship between perceived discrimination and self-esteem, suppressing the negative association between these two variables. A similar pattern of results was obtained for positive affect. Implications of these results with regard to public policies targeting gay men are addressed.
Relation Between Wall Shear Stress and Plaque Necrotic Core in the Left Coronary Arteries of Patients Using Intravascular Ultrasound and Computational Fluid Dynamics

Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by arterial plaques that include several components of which the necrotic core has been recognized as an important indicator of the likelihood of plaque rupture [1]. In the present study, the relation of hemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) to necrotic core localization in the left coronary artery of patients was investigated using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). An innovative 3D measuring technique was developed and was successfully used to reconstruct coronary arteries in patients based on angiographic images and echo ultrasound slices from IVUS. The reconstruction includes lumen, external elastic membrane (EEM) and spatial distribution of plaque components such as fibrous tissue, necrotic core and calcium. WSS distribution in the vessel segment was computed by CFD, and the relative locations of necrotic core and WSS were determined. Results to date support the hypothesis that a greater necrotic core in coronary plaques is associated with areas of low WSS. The methodology developed has implications for the study of plaque progression and the prediction of likelihood of plaque rupture.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Content Analysis in Design and Development

This article presents a method of content analysis for use in the early stages of a social work developmental research undertaking. The method enables researchers to carry out a systematic but expe...
Optical design of DVA-1, a prototype antenna for the SKA Mid-Band array

The Square Kilometer Array, Mid-Band, is envisioned as a multipurpose radio astronomy telescope of very high sensitivity, containing as many as 2000 reflector antennas. The combined specifications arising from multiple science missions creates a very challenging design problem for the component reflector antennas in the array. This paper describes the optical design of Dish Verification Antenna 1 (DVA-1), the first prototype of an SKA mid-band element being constructed in Canada.
Feature Aided JBPDAF Group Tracking and Classification Using an IFFN Sensor

Recent work has been conducted to develop group tracking algorithms that identify and track multiple targets. One of the characteristics of the group tracking algorithms is the ability to correctly identify the target. If enough evidence has been accumulated to identify the target, the algorithms perform well. However, in the case of spurious measurements and obscured targets, the target identity may not be completely realizable. For the case in which the target identity is not discerned, it is important to classify the target based on some methodology to aid the user. Such a classification could be an allegiance so that when the algorithm groups targets, the information is useful to the human. One sensor that is ideal for the scenario is an Identify Friend Foe Neutral (IFFN) sensor which can classify the target allegiance. By incorporating an IFFN sensor in the GRoup IMM-JBPDAF Tracker (GRIT) algorithm, results show that when identity information is not available, target classification is realizable with allegiance features. Results are simulated for a high-range resolution radar (HRR) and an IFFN sensor and a 29% reduction in the computational classification due to the presence of clutter.
Assessing the Value of Using a Remote Sensing-Based Evapotranspiration Map in Site-Specific Management

ABSTRACT In the glaciated regions of the northern Great Plains, water - either too much or too little - influences soil development, carbon storage, and plant productivity. Integrating site-specific water variability information directly into management is difficult. Simulation models that employ remotely sensed data can generate hard to measure values such as evapotranspiration (ET). This information can be used to identify management zones. The objective of this study was to determine if the METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution and with Internalized Calibration) model, which uses weather station and remote sensing data can be used as a tool in site-specific management. This study was conducted on a 65 ha corn (Zea mays L.) field located in east central South Dakota. The METRIC model used Landsat 7 data collected on August 4, 2001 to calculate ET values with spatial resolution of 30 m. ET values were correlated with corn yield (r = 0.85∗∗), apparent electrical conductivity (ECa; r = 0.71...
Thermal adjustments in cardiac and skeletal muscles of lizards

1. Isometric twitch tension development was measured over a wide range of temperatures in skeletal and cardiac (ventricular) muscles from diverse Australian lizards representing several families and including both diurnal and nocturnal species. 2. The temperatures at which maximal twitch tension develops (optimal temperatures) in the skeletal muscles is higher, by about 10–15° C, than in the ventricular muscles from the same species. Resistance to heat damage (thermostability) is similar for the two tissues. 3. Interspecific divergence is evident in the optimal temperatures and thermostabilities of both muscles, and these tissue differences parallel the preferred body temperatures of the species from which they are taken. In several nocturnal lizards (geckos) that have high preferred body temperatures, the thermal adjustments of the muscles resemble those of diurnal species, whereas muscles from geckos with low preferenda have relatively low optimal temperatures. 4. Variations in the heat resistance of the tissues correlate with variations in organismal heat resistance and in general, lethal temperatures for excised muscles and organism are similar. 5. These data are interpreted as indicating that divergence in the thermal adjustments for contractility of muscular tissues are most directly associated with the temperatures characteristically maintained through the behavior of the species rather than to the general geographical (climatic) distribution or phylogenetic position of the species.
Environment-specific and sex-specific allocation strategies among gonadal, somatic, and immune indices in a marine fish

We examined the relative investment in somatic, gonadal, and liver growth, as well as a measure of immune function, in a marine species of fish (cabezon, Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres, 1854)) reared under different ambient temperature regimes (mean temperatures: 14.8 °C in Santa Barbara and 12.7 °C in Cayucos; both in California, USA). We predicted that fish reared in colder water would exhibit more pronounced trade-offs among growth, development, and immune parameters than fish in warmer water, and that females would have more pronounced trade-offs than males due to increased energy requirements for ovary development. We found immune function and liver investment were positively related in cold-water fish, but unrelated in warmer water fish. Immune function positively covaried with gonadal investment, but was not associated with somatic investment. Gonadal investment was negatively related to somatic investment, but this was driven by females, as there was no relationship between gonad development an...
Blood flow to a canine sarcoma during regional perfusion.

An experimental tumor perfusion system has been developed to assess the changes in blood flow to a tumor-implanted hind limb during regional perfusion. Using the Rb86 clearance technique, blood flow to a Katsumi's sarcoma and adjacent skin and muscle in intact hind limbs and tourniquet-ligated hind limbs perfused by the intact femoral artery or by an extracorporeal pump oxygenator system was determined. In the intact limb or tourniquet-ligated hind limb perfused by the femoral artery the blood flow to the tumor was uniform in its distribution and significantly greater than the flow to adjacent tissue. Following regional perfusion by an extracorporeal pump oxygenator system, the blood flow to the tumor was markedly reduced, nonuniform in its distribution, and not significantly greater than the flow to the adjacent tissue. This alteration in normal tumor: tissue perfusion ratio during regional perfusion is suggested as an explanation for the disappointing clinical response of spontaneous and transplantable tumors to cytotoxic drugs administered by regional perfusion.
A RAPID METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BACTERIAL GROWTH KINETICS 1

We have developed a rapid method for the determination of lag times and specific growth rates for bacteria. This method involves the use of a Bio-Tek model EL312 microtiter plate (MP) reader, controlled by KinetiCalc software, and uses a computer program that processes absorbance data from a 96-well MP. The program reads an ASCII file consisting of optical density readings generated by the MP reader, sorts the data into individual growth curves, and determines growth kinetics. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.88) was found between the MP method and standard batch methods. This method allows up to 95 growth curves to be carried out simultaneously. The MP method automates the difficult task of determining growth kinetics for bacterial strains under conditions that result in slow growth rates or long lag times. Using this method we determined the effect of NaCl on the growth kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes and the effects of NaCl and temperature on the growth kinetics of Leuconostoc mesenteroides.
Seizures Do Not Increase In-Hospital Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Background Seizures are common after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) but their impact on outcome is uncertain and prophylactic anti-convulsant use is controversial. We hypothesized that seizures would not increase the risk of in-hospital mortality in a large administrative database.
PHTHALOCYANINE MOLECULAR METALS BY ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION TECHNIQUES. UNUSUAL ANION AND OXIDATION STATE PHENOMENA

Abstract High-temperature electrocrystallization techniques afford (Ni(Pc) (C104)y crystals in the stoichiometry range y ≈ 0.39−0.47. The 300 K crystal structure of Ni(Pc)(C104)0.42 consists of stacks of Ni(Pc)+0.42 units and disordered, off-axis C104 ions. At lower temperature, there is diffractometric evidence for anion ordering. Variable-temperature conductivity data exhibit discontinuous behavior below ca. 150 K which may reflect the anion ordering. Thermoelectric power and optical reflectivity data are characteristic of a low-dimensional molecular metal and are also in accord with sample-dependent y values. Both measurements yield a tight-binding bandwidth of ca. 1.5(1) eV.
Properties of pseudouridine N1 imino protons located in the major groove of an A-form RNA duplex

Abstract The exchangeable N1 imino protons of two pseudouridine (psi) bases located at adjacent internal positions within an undecamer RNA duplex (5'AUAC psi psi ACCUG/3'UAUGAAUGGUC) can report on the environment of the major groove of an A-form double-stranded nucleic acid. The psi N1 imino protons of these residues (which are not involved in interstrand Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding) are protected from chemical exchange with the solvent water and thus are observable in the proton NMR spectrum in H2O (1). These protons will exchange readily at increased pH values or upon thermal denaturation of the duplex. The longitudinal (T1) relaxation times of the psi N1 imino protons in 100 mM NaCl or in 10 mM MgCl2 and 100 mM NaCl are approximately two-fold faster than those of the psi N3 imino protons which are involved in Watson-Crick base pairing. With the addition of spermidine, the psi N1 imino protons become readily exchangeable at a temperature some 20 degrees C below the melting temperature of the duplex.
Reproductive cycles of Holothuria (Halodeima) floridana, H. (H.) mexicana and their hybrids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in southern Florida, U.S.A.

1. Gametogenesis in Holothuria (Halodeima) floridana, H. (H.) mexicana and their hybrids occurs during spring and summer in southern Florida. 2. Spawning occurs in late summer and is followed by resorption of relict gametes. 3. The spawning seasons of these species are concurrent and thus do not aid in prevention of hybridization.
RELIABILITY OF WORD-MODELING PERFORMANCE

Kanfer and Marston ( I ) , utilizing an intercommunication system of earphones and a tape recorder, have introduced a versatile, methodological approach to the study of imitative verbal performance. S is instructed to say words intermittently in response to a series of tape recorded words spoken by a model ( M ) ; M emits an increasing frequency of a pre-selected response class, e.g., names of animals, across blocks of trials. In such an experimental paradigm, Ss exhibit matching verbal performance (1, 2 ) . Although early interest was directed toward the effects of vicarious and direct reinforcement, modeling does occur without controlled intervention ( 3 ) . Furthermore, the paradigm offers a sensitive vehicle for the scudy of nonreinforcement variables associated with modeling (4, 5 ) . As reliability of S's responding needs to be demonstrated, the present study concerned the testretest reliability of S's imitative performance in the Kanfer and Marston paradigm in the absence of manipulated reinforcement. Eight males and 8 females from an introductory psychology class served as Ss. They wore earphones which were connected to a tape recorder housed in an adjacent room from which E monitored the experiment. The microphone was wired to the headphones of E, as was the tape recorder, so E could hear both the taped words and S's responses. On the stimulus tape were 50 words. In the first 10 words were no animal names, 2 in the next 10, 4.in the next 10, 6 in the next 10 and 8 in the last 10. S was read the following instructions, "This is a study to see how different people use words. I am asking you to wear earphones so that you may hear some of what is being said in the next room. When it is your turn, your light will blink. This is your signal to say a word. Say the first word you think of. Just one word. Do you have any questions?" E then entered the adjacent room and activated the tape recorder. After each word the recorder was stopped, S was signaled to respond, and the response was recorded. After the entire sequence of 50 words was completed, S was instructed to return the following week at the same time. Upon returning for the second phase of the study, Ss were exposed to the same procedure. As in prior studies (4, 5, 6) the number of animal words emitted across trials increased even though no E-controlled reinforcement was provided. The mean numbers of critical responses per 10-trial block for the first and second performances respectively were .06 and .12, 1.11 and .88, 2.53 and 2.18, and 2.12 and 2.00. As a significant r of .88 was obtained berween the number of animal responses produced by S in the last block of 10 trials on the first and second performances ( p < .005), the word-matching behavior observed in a modified Kanfer and Marston paradigm exhibits reasonable test-retest reliability. It should be noted that these results could be seen as a demonstration of word association rather than word modeling. While it would be difficult to refute this view on the basis of the present data, it would be an interesting problem to pursue.
Trisomy 9 syndrome

An infant is described with multiple congenital anomalies associated with mosaic trisomy 9. Review of the three previously reported cases of trisomy 9 shows that these patients have several common features which make trisomy 9 a clinically distinct syndrome. The frequently encountered findings are: upward-slanted eyes, small palpebral fissures, enophthalmos or microphthalmos, broad base and prominent tip of the nose, microcephaly, micrognathia, low-set malformed ears, high-arched palate, congenital heart disease, skeletal and genito-urinary anomalies, abnormal palmar creases, failure to thrive, hypotonia and retardation.