cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Multistage Approach to External Auditors' Evaluation of the Internal Audit Function

External auditors are continually facing intense pressure to be more efficient in conducting audits without compromising quality and effectiveness. Optimal utilization of internal audit work can improve both the efficiency and the effectiveness of external audits and can enhance the value of internal auditors to the client organization. The objective of this study is to understand how the three factors (objectivity, work performance, and competence of the internal auditors) identified by auditing standards and by prior research interact in determining the strength of the internal audit function. Most prior studies have attempted to understand external auditors' rank ordering of the importance of the three factors, without an explicit attempt to model the interactions among the factors. The results from these studies are mixed and inconclusive. Hence, prior studies have not produced a consensus about how external auditors seem to weight and combine these factors in order to make assessments relating to the...
A randomized equivalence trial comparing the i‐gel and laryngeal mask airway Supreme in children

Background: The laryngeal mask airway Supreme (Supreme) is a new singleuse supraglottic device with gastric access capability now available in all sizes for children. Objectives: To compare the i-gel with the Supreme in children for routine airway maintenance. Materials/Methods: One hundred and seventy children, aged 3 months to 11 years, 5–50 kg in weight, were randomly assigned to receive either the i-gel or the Supreme. The primary outcome measured was airway leak pressure. Secondary outcomes included the following: ease and time for insertion, insertion success rate, fiberoptic grade of view, ease of gastric tube placement, number of airway manipulations, quality of airway during anesthetic maintenance, and complications. Results: A total of 168 patients were assessed for the outcomes. The median (IQR [range]) airway leak pressure for the i-gel was higher than with the Supreme, 20 (18–25 [9–40]) cm H2O vs 17 (14–22 [10–40]) cm H2O, respectively (P = 0.001). There were no differences in the time for device insertion, fiberoptic grade of view, quality of airway, and complications. Median (IQR [range]) time of successful insertion of a gastric tube was faster with the Supreme, 12 (9.2–14.3 [5.2–44.2]) s than with the i-gel, 14 (11.9–19 [6.9–75]) s; P = 0.01. The number of airway manipulations during placement was higher with the i-gel than with the laryngeal mask airway Supreme (12 vs 13 patients), P = 0.02. Conclusions: In infants and children, when a single-use supraglottic device with gastric access capabilities is required, the i-gel demonstrated higher airway leak pressures and can be a useful alternative to the Supreme.
Diagnosis of Cleland-Arnold-Chiari deformity on plain radiographs of the spine.

SUMMARY The majority of children with myelomeningocele have associated Cleland-Arnold-Chiari deformity. Assessment of this deformity usually requires sophisticated radiological techniques. Diagnosis on plain radiographs of the spine has been attempted in this series. We briefly describe a method of measuring the sagittal diameter in the cervical spinal canal of infants. Application of this method in cases of Cleland deformity shows expansion of the upper cervical canal and narrowing at C6 and C7. A large series, with exact pathological correlation, will be published shortly. RESUME La majorite des enfants presentant un myelomeningocele ont en association une malformation d'Arnold-Chiari. La mise en evidence de cette malformation necessite habituellement des techniques radiologiques speciales. Le diagnostic a partir de bonnes radiographies de la colonne a ete tente par les auteurs dans la serie etudiee. Its decrivent brievement une methode pour mesurer le diametre sagital du canal rachidien cervical de ces enfants. L'application de cette methode en cas de malformation d'Arnold-Chiari montre un elargissement de la partie superieure du canal cervical avec un retrecissement au niveau de C6, C7. Une prochaine publication presentera des series importantes, avec des correlations pathologiques precises. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Mehrzahl der Kinder mit Myelomeningocele haben gleichzeitig eine ClelandArnold-Chiari Miβbildung. Gewohnlich erfordert die Feststellung dieser Miβbildung eine besondere Rontgentechnik. Es wird uber eine Untersuchungsreihe berichtet, in der versucht wurde, die Diagnose aus regularen Rontgenbildern der Wirbelsaule zu stellen. Wir beschreiben kurz eine Methode, den sagittalen Durchmesser des cervicalen Wirbelkanals bei Kindern zu messen. Die Anwendung dieser Methode auf Falle mit Cleland-Arnold-Chiari Miβbildung zeigt eine Ausweitung des oberen Cervicalkanals und eine Verengung bei C6 und C7. Eine grope Untersuchungsreihe mit genauen pathologischen Vergleichen wird in Kurze veroffentlicht. RESUMEN La mayor parte de 10 s ninos afectos de un mielomeningocele tienen tambien una malformation de Arnold-Chiari. La valoracion de esta malformacion necesita por lo general tecnicas radiologicas sofisticadas. En la serie que se presenta en esta comunicacion, se ha intentado un diagnostico a base de radiografias sencillas de la columna vertebral. Se describe brevemente un metodo de medir el diametro sagital en el conducto espinal cervical en lactantes. El uso de este metodo en casos de malformacion de Cleland-Arnold-Chiari revela una expansion del conducto cervical superior y una contraction en C6 y C7. Se publicara pronto una serie grande, con correlation patologica exacta.
Is Distance Learning Transformational

Is distance learning transformational? I heard this question posed to a panel of faculty members during Distance Education Week activities. My first reaction (that I kept to myself) was yes! Studen...
The Group Embedded-Figures Test: Normative Data

The present study examined the performance of 337 college undergraduate students on the Group Embedded-figures Test. The present sample was significantly more field dependent than the preliminary n...
A system-oriented convex beam synthesis

This paper presents a system-oriented convex optimization framework for beam synthesis problems for both uniform and non-uniform arrays in smart antenna applications. The signal propagation through different antenna elements is modeled by the Pade approximation. The array linear system model is used to formulate a semi-definite convex formulation to optimize the antenna weight coefficients. The numerical solutions demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the proposed convex framework solves a currently non-convex beam synthesis problem for non-uniform antenna arrays, yields low computational complexity and maintains the highest possible degrees of freedom.
Constraints on dynamical transports of energy on a spherical planet

Abstract The factors which control the total flux of energy across a latitude belt in the atmosphere—ocean system are determined by comparing the flux resulting from various approximations with the observed flux, and by using a one-dimensional heat-balance climate model to calculate the sensitivity of the flux to the efficiency of the dynamical transports. The results show that, as long as a hemisphere is in equilibrium and as long as the structure of the atmosphere—ocean system is dominated by the planetary scale, the total flux is constrained to peak near 35° latitude, the flux per unit area to peak near 45° latitude, and the magnitude of the flux is determined primarily by the solar constant, the size of the earth, the tilt of the earth's axis, and the hemispheric mean albedo. The magnitude of the flux is insensitive to the structure and dynamics of the atmosphere—ocean system, in part because of the high efficiency of the dynamical transport mechanisms and in part because of the negative correlation between local planetary albedo and local thermal emissions to space. These results explain why the total flux and its latitudinal distribution calculated in various experiments with the GFDL general circulation model experienced relatively little modification when the hydrological cycle, mountains, or oceans were removed from the system.
Transposon insertion in a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene is responsible for a brown midrib1 mutation in maize.

Maize brown midrib1 (bm1) mutant plants have reduced lignin content and offer significant advantages when used in silage and biofuel applications. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes the conversion of hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes to monolignols, a key step in lignin biosynthesis. Maize CAD2 has been implicated as the underlying gene for bm1phenotypes since bm1 plants have reduced CAD activity and lower CAD2 transcript level. Here, we describe a Dow AgroSciences maize bm1 mutant (bm1-das1) that contains a 3,444-bp transposon insertion in the first intron of CAD2 gene. As a result of chimeric RNA splicing, cad2 mRNA from bm1-das1 contains a 409-bp insert between its 1st and 2nd exons. This insertion creates a premature stop codon and is predicted to result in a truncated protein of 48 amino acids (AA), compared to 367 AA for the wild type (WT) CAD2. We have also sequenced cad2 from the reference allele bm1-ref in 515D bm1 stock and showed that it contains a two-nucleotide (AC) insertion in the 3rd exon, which is predicted to result in a truncated protein of 147 AA. The levels of cad2 mRNA in the midribs of bm1-das1 and bm1-ref are reduced by 91 and 86 % respectively, leading to reductions in total lignin contents by 24 and 30 %. Taken together, our data show that mutations in maize CAD2 are responsible for maize bm1 phenotypes. Based on specific changes in bm1-das1 and bm1-ref, high throughput TaqMan and KBioscience’s allele specific PCR assays capable of differentiating mutant and WT alleles have been developed to accelerate bm1 molecular breeding.
Postnatal lineage mapping of follicular melanocytes with the Tyr::CreERT2 transgene

One of the main advantages of using inducible and conditional transgenes to study pigment cell biology is that they allow for genetic manipulation within melanocytes after roles in general neural crest or melanoblast development have been fulfilled. Specifically, we focus here on the ability of the Tyr∷CreERT2 transgenic line to alter genes within follicular melanocytes postnatally. Using the Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1sor reporter allele, we present in detail the expression and activity of Tyr∷CreERT2 when induced during hair morphogenesis and adult hair cycling. We find that despite similarities in expression pattern to endogenous TYR, Tyr∷CreERT2 is effective at targeting both undifferentiated and differentiated melanocytes within the hair follicle. We also find that Tyr∷CreERT2 provides the highest levels of recombination when induced during the early phases of hair growth. In conclusion, the descriptions provided here will guide future analyses of gene function within the melanocyte system of the hair follicle when using this Tyr∷CreERT2 transgene.
A Model for the Location of a Railroad Classification Yard

The evaluation of alternative locations for an automatic classification yard has become an important problem for railroad managements. Because of the lower classification costs in these yards and the importance of such costs, many railroads have installed these newer facilities. An automatic yard represents an investment of $5,000,000 or more. Hence, the decision to install such a yard and the question regarding its location merit considerable thought and attention. In this paper, a simple model is constructed to aid a railroad management in choosing among alternative locations. This model is being used by one firm, and it should prove useful to many operations researchers interested in the industry. Although it was constructed primarily to deal with the problem of yard location, the model seems sufficiently flexible to deal with other railroad problems. A few of these other problems are also discussed briefly. The plan of the paper is as follows. Sections I and II contain some introductory material concerning freight yards and some definitions of terms. Section III contains a full description of the location problem we consider. Sections IV--VI deal with the model and procedure we propose. Section VII contains a numerical example, and Section VIII contains some concluding remarks.
Magnetic properties of Co-Cr/mumetal double layer films

A dc magnetron sputtered multilayer (Co-Cr mumetal) film is examined for magnetic coupling of the sublayers. No evidence for physical coupling is observed. The multilayer coercivity near the perpendicular direction has a strong dependence on angle due to the planar mumetal component. The coercivity of the mumetal exhibits Kondorsky-type angular behavior. Coercivities of the Co-Cr film measured parallel and perpendicular to the field direction both decrease linearly from 100 K to 340 K, with a room temperature coefficient \beta = (1/H_{c})(\DeltaH_{c}/\DeltaT) = -0.2 percent/K. The temperature dependence of coercivity can be modeled on a domain wall pinning theory, based on exchange fluctuations over a small domain wall area. It is shown that high Curie temperatures are needed to minimize thermal variation in recording output signal. X-ray transmission attenuation is shown to be a useful tool for determining the Co-Cr thickness in a multilayer film.
Evidence against a role for rare ADAM10 mutations in sporadic Alzheimer Disease

The Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor (APP) is subject to proteolysis by ADAM10 and ADAM17, precluding the formation of Aβ. Recently, coding variations in ADAM10 resulting in altered function have been reported in familial Alzheimer disease (AD). The authors carried out a large-scale (n = 576: Controls, 271; AD, 305) resequencing study of ADAM10 in sporadic AD. The results do not support a significant role for ADAM10 mutations in AD. The results also make it clear that the careful examination of ancestry required in any case-control comparison is especially true with rare variations, where even a very small number of variations might form the basis of scientific conclusions.
Biomechanical forces promote embryonic haematopoiesis

Biomechanical forces are emerging as critical regulators of embryogenesis, particularly in the developing cardiovascular system. After initiation of the heartbeat in vertebrates, cells lining the ventral aspect of the dorsal aorta, the placental vessels, and the umbilical and vitelline arteries initiate expression of the transcription factor Runx1 (refs 3-5), a master regulator of haematopoiesis, and give rise to haematopoietic cells. It remains unknown whether the biomechanical forces imposed on the vascular wall at this developmental stage act as a determinant of haematopoietic potential. Here, using mouse embryonic stem cells differentiated in vitro, we show that fluid shear stress increases the expression of Runx1 in CD41(+)c-Kit(+) haematopoietic progenitor cells, concomitantly augmenting their haematopoietic colony-forming potential. Moreover, we find that shear stress increases haematopoietic colony-forming potential and expression of haematopoietic markers in the para-aortic splanchnopleura/aorta-gonads-mesonephros of mouse embryos and that abrogation of nitric oxide, a mediator of shear-stress-induced signalling, compromises haematopoietic potential in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data reveal a critical role for biomechanical forces in haematopoietic development.
Personality differences among patients with chronic aphasia predict improvement in speech-language therapy.

AbstractBackground: Negative affectivity and neurocognitive deficits including executive dysfunction have been shown to be detrimental to rehabilitation therapies. However, research on the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and improvement in speech-language therapy (SLT) for aphasia is sparse. Objective: To examine the relationships among neurocognitive and psychological functioning and improvement in SLT following aphasia due to stroke. Methods: Fifty patients who were ≥ 9 months post stroke and enrolled in outpatient SLT to treat aphasia participated. Using standard language assessment measures, the authors evaluated language functioning at initiation of the study and after participants completed various SLT protocols. Executive functioning, visuospatial skills, attention, and memory also were assessed to provide indices of convergent and discriminant validity. Participants’ mood and affectivity were evaluated by self-report, and their functional abilities and recovery of function since s...
Evaluation of aortocoronary bypass graft status by computed tomography.

Abstract The efficacy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography to define graft patency status was studied in 42 patients with 100 aortocoronary vein grafts. The status of each graft had been determined earlier by anglography. A rotary fan beam whole body scanner with a 2 second scan duration was used. Initial scans determined the optimal level for study of the graft; patency was assessed by computed tomographic enhancement of the graft after intravenous bolus injection of 30 ml meglumine and sodium diatriazoate. The computed tomographic studies were evaluated without knowledge of the anglographic findings; graft status by computed tomography was interpreted as patent, occluded or equivocal. Overall, computed tomography correctly defined graft patency status in 79 of the 100 grafts and incorrectly identified it in 9; in 12 grafts, the computed tomographic diagnosis was equivocal. Computed tomography correctly identified 61 of 74 patent grafts and 18 of 26 occluded grafts. Patency status was correctly defined by computed tomography in 35 of 37 grafts to the left anterior descending artery, 23 of 30 grafts to circumflex branches and 19 of 31 grafts to the right coronary artery. These data indicate that computed tomography is a promising noninvasive method of determining patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts, especially of grafts to the left anterior descending artery.
Nitric Oxide Disproportionation at Mild Temperatures by a Nanoparticulate Cobalt(II) Complex

Nanoparticles of CoII(salen) exhibit a 32% mass change when exposed to flowing nitric oxide at room temperature. Control experiments indicate that the large uptake of NO occurs only in the nanoparticles. Nitric oxide disproportionation is proposed to account for these observations, which is supported by spectroscopic measurements showing the presence of N2O and N2.
Pharmacotherapy for sexual disorders: Advantages and pitfalls

Abstract Over the years a number of drugs have been used in the management of some forms of sexual dysfunction. Until recently, the drugs used for this purpose had been developed and prescribed for other indications and sexual side-effects noted were considered to have potential benefit in treating sexual dysfunction. Now drugs are being developed specifically for the treatment of sexual dysfunction, with pharmacotherapy for erectilex disorder leading the field. This paper reviews current developments and discusses the advantages and possible pitfalls of the new pharmacological treatments of sexual dysfunction.
Ductile tearing in part-through cracks: experiments and cell-model predictions

Abstract This study describes an application of the computational cell model to predict ductile crack growth measured in experiments performed on surface-cracked, thick plates fabricated from a ferritic pressure vessel steel. The cell model limits void growth and coalescence to within a thin layer of material over the crack plane. Outside this layer, the material deforms plastically but remains void free. The Gurson–Tvergaard dilatant plasticity model describes the evolution of void growth and the associated macroscopic softening within the cells. Material-specific, cell parameters readily separate into two categories: those describing the micromechanics of void growth rate and those describing the local fracture process of the cell. Calibration of these parameters utilizes both discrete (3-D) cell models and R-curves measured using standard deep-notch bend or compact tension specimens. The cell model is applied here to surface-cracked plates subjected to different loading histories of tension and bending. The calibrated cell model reproduces accurately full details of the load-deformation records and the crack growth profiles for all the cases. These numerical studies suggest that the computational approach based on the cell model provides an engineering tool to predict ductile crack growth behavior in flawed structural components.
Courseware and library services: bridging the gap for distance students

Scales, J., Wolf, D., Johnson, C. M., Cummings, L. A. (2007). Courseware and library services: Bridging the gap for distance students. Library Hi Tech, 25, 1, 147-156. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07378830710735920.
Microdebrider vs electrocautery: A comparison of tonsillar wound healing histopathology in a canine model

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tonsillar wound healing histopathology in a canine model following microdebrider intracapsular and electrocautery tonsillectomy techniques. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, single-blinded, paired comparison of histopathology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twelve beagles underwent tonsillectomies by microdebrider on one side and electrocautery on the other. Punch biopsies were taken of the tonsillar fossae on postoperative days 3, 9, and 20. Specimens were graded with a novel mucosal wound healing scale (inter-rater reliability, r = 0.83) and appropriate statistical analysis performed. RESULTS: Combined mucosal wound healing scale scores showed significantly faster healing on the microdebrider side when compared to the electrocautery side on postoperative day 3 and day 9 (P < 0.05), which equalized by day 20. CONCLUSION: In a canine model of tonsillar wound healing, microdebrider intracapsular tonsillectomy produced significantly faster healing than electrocautery tonsillectomy in the early postoperative course. The "biologic dressing" theory of intracapsular tonsillectomy wound healing may account for observed differences in healing and suggests a mechanism for improved clinical outcomes.
Direct measurement of ferrous ion transport across membranes using a sensitive fluorometric assay.

The fluorophore, Phen Green SK (PGSK), was assessed for its suitability to be used in an assay for ferrous ion transport into membrane vesicles. The long wavelengths of excitation and emission (506 and 520 nm, respectively) enable PGSK fluorescence to be detected in membranes, such as the chloroplast inner envelope, that contain high levels of carotenoids which absorb light at lower wavelengths. At low concentrations of Fe2+, less than 3 microM, the interaction between PGSK and Fe2+ appears to result in both static and dynamic quenching of the PGSK fluorescence. The characteristics of this quenching were used to develop a calibration curve to determine the concentration of free Fe2+ at these low concentrations. Pronounced quenching of PGSK fluorescence entrapped within chloroplast inner envelope membrane vesicles was observed when Fe2+ was added. The extent of quenching of PGSK fluorescence trapped inside asolectin vesicles on Fe2+ addition was much less. The kinetics of the quenching of PGSK fluorescence by Fe2+ in vesicles was quite different from that for PGSK and Fe2+ in solution. Using the calibration curve developed for interaction of PGSK and low Fe2+ concentrations the initial rates of iron transport could be determined for the chloroplast inner envelope membranes.
Anisotropic localization in periodic superconducting networks

We report measurements of the normal-superconducting phase boundary Tc(H) for a series of square wire networks with a range of ratios for the wire widths in the two perpendicular directions. We find indirect evidence for anisotropic localization of the superconducting order parameter through the vanishing of structure in Tc(H) at rational fields, and direct evidence in the field-dependent lowering of the resistive transition for the narrow wires relative to the wide wires. This represents experimental evidence for anisotropic localization in a periodic system in a homogeneous field as originally predicted by Aubry and Andre.
Apparent depth and texture differences in illusory figure patterns: a paradox resolved.

In the first of three experiments, a pattern that induced an illusory figure was presented upon a field of small dots. In confirmation of a previous suggestion, the effect the illusory figure had on the apparent relative density of those dots was opposite to that which would be expected for a figure that appears to be nearer than the surround. Two subsequent experiments showed, however, that this anomaly was simply due to a confounding of illusory depth with illusory lightness.
Summer Camp To Engage Students in Nutritional Chemistry Using Popular Culture and Hands-On Activities

Action Potential Science Experience (APSE) is a five-day summer camp offering science opportunities for K−8 students. The focus of the APSE curriculum is to teach science concepts and methods while...
Gustatory neural coding in the pons

Abstract Third-order neurons from the pontine taste area (PTA) were analyzed in accordance with the across-fiber pattern theory of gustatory neural coding. Single neuron responses, evoked by chemical stimulation of the tongue, were recorded from the PTA of acute Nembutalized rats. They reveal that PTA neurons are broadly sensitive to stimuli representing the 4 putative basic taste qualities. Of 35 neurons, 33 responded to at least 3 of the 4 quality classes. Time course analyses indicate that stimuli which are shown to be alike in behavioral studies exhibit similar temporal response sequences. Correlations between all possible pairs of response patterns indicate that like-lasting chemicals elicit similar profiles of activity across the neural population. A multidimensional analysis indicates that three underlying physico-chemical dimensions (as yet undefined) bear upon the neural responses. In certain of their response properties, PTA neurons are like those of the (second-order) solitary nucleus; in other respects they auger the characteristics seen in the (fourth-order) thalamic neurons. It is concluded that the PTA is functionally as well as anatomically intermediate between the solitary nucleus and thalamus in the taste processing chain.
Developmental expression of G protein α subunits in mouse spermatogenic cells: Evidence that Gαi is associated with the developing acrosome

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are important signal transducing molecules found in all cells. G proteins are associated with the plasma membrane/outer acrosomal membrane region of acrosome-intact sperm and at least one G protein is involved in the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. With the goal of elucidating the functions of these proteins during spermatogenesis, we investigated the types of G proteins present in spermatogenic cells and when they first become associated with the developing acrosome. Using bacterial toxin-catalyzed [32P]ADP-ribosylation in conjunction with immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence utilizing antibodies directed against specific regions of various G protein isotypes, the alpha subunits of Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, and G(o) were detected in mouse spermatocytes and spermatids. An antiserum recognizing a conserved sequence of G alpha i subtypes localized to the proacrosomal granules of spermatocytes and the developing acrosome of spermatids. Levels of G alpha o diminished as spermatocytes developed into spermatids such that G alpha o was not detected in cauda epididymal sperm. Immunoreactivity using G alpha o-specific antisera did not display a distinct regionalization within any of the spermatogenic cell types. G alpha s was not detected in the developing spermatogenic cells or sperm. The association of G alpha i with the developing acrosome suggests a role for G proteins may have a role in acrosome biogenesis as well as being part of a complex required later for signal transduction leading to acrosomal exocytosis.
Traumatismos pancreáticos: Lesiones complejas, tratamientos difíciles

Resumen Las lesiones traumaticas del pancreas son infrecuentes y representan aproximadamente el 4% de las lesiones abdominales, pero conllevan una tasa de morbimortlidad significativa, por lo que su reconocimiento y tratamiento precoz es primordial. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una descripcion concisa de la perspectiva historica y de la anatomia de este organo. Esta ultima cobra especial interes en la clasificacion y manejo de la lesion pancreatica. Asimismo, describiremos los metodos de diagnostico a nuestro alcance en la evaluacion del traumatismo pancreatico, asi como la importancia de disponer de un conocimiento amplio de las tecnicas quirurgicas mas utilizadas. Por ultimo, realizaremos un analisis profundo de los rangos de morbilidad y mortalidad de estas lesiones basandonos en una extensa revision de la bibliografia actual y aportando nuestra experiencia en el manejo de este tipo de lesiones en un centro urbano de trauma de nivel I.
A Critical Analysis of Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality After Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Tumors

Background Although the laparoscopic approach provides certain advantages over the percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA), the morbidity needs to be defined. The aim of this study is to analyze the morbidity and underlying risk factors after laparoscopic RFA of liver tumors.
Hydrogen diffusion in VOH solid solutions

Etude comparative entre les calculs classiques incluant les variations volumiques du systeme V-O et les donnees experimentales de diffusivite obtenues entre 227 et 373 K pour V-O a 1,95%at Q
Gyroscope Unbalance Torques Resulting from Static Linear Compliances

This paper is devoted to the derivation of the equations for unbalance torque of a single-degree-offreedom gyroscope due to static linear compliances of the gyroscope under the forces of gravity and acceleration. The theory of classical elasticity is followed so that the analysis is valid for applied force inputs with frequency spectra sufficiently below the natural frequency of elastic vibration of the gyroscope. It is assumed that an applied force produces displacements in the direction of the force as well as in the directions normal to the force. These latter displacements have not been considered before and arise from the fact that compliance transforms like a rectangular Cartesian tensor that is not, in general, symmetric. Unbalance torques due to compliance effects are derived for three typical cases. The results derived are useful for analysis of gyroscope test data in an attempt to improve compensation for elastic deflections of the center of gravity of the gyroscope. This provides a possible way of identifying and evaluating cross compliances by means of appropriate tests.
Oxygen mass transfer and oxygen respiration rate measurements utilizing fast response oxygen electrodes

Oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen respiration rate measurements in stirred tank reactors or fermentors have been carried out utilizing currently available dissolved oxygen electrodes. Techniques based on previously derived theory1 have been put to experimental tests and found to adequately describe the oxygen transfer phenomena observed in air–water systems and a fermenting broth.
Atmospheric Pco2 Perturbations Associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province

The effects of a large igneous province on the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Pco2) are mostly unknown. In this study, we estimate Pco2 from stable isotopic values of pedogenic carbonates interbedded with volcanics of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in the Newark Basin, eastern North America. We find pre-CAMP Pco2 values of ~2000 parts per million (ppm), increasing to ~4400 ppm immediately after the first volcanic unit, followed by a steady decrease toward pre-eruptive levels over the subsequent 300 thousand years, a pattern that is repeated after the second and third flow units. We interpret each Pco2 increase as a direct response to magmatic activity (primary outgassing or contact metamorphism). The systematic decreases in Pco2 after each magmatic episode probably reflect consumption of atmospheric CO2 by weathering of silicates, stimulated by fresh CAMP volcanics.
VM/ESA support for coordinated recovery of files

This paper discusses the concepts and facilities of the Shared File System (SFS) support for Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture™ (VM/ESA™) Coordinated Resource Recovery (CRR). It includes background information on limitations that lead to SFS support for coordination of file recovery functions. The level of support provided by the Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP) Release 6 SFS support is identified and contrasted with the support provided in VM/ESA. The paper contains an overview of the system structure and the rationale for the support and is a discussion from the overall perspective of the total system environment and system processing for resource recovery. After the concepts and structure of VM/ESA SFS support are introduced, the paper discusses the specific technology involved in providing SFS support for Coordinated Resource Recovery. This includes a discussion of specific facilities used by SFS and how SFS deals with certain conditions that can arise. In addition, this paper discusses the Conversational Monitor System (CMS) compatibility considerations that contributed to the design of SFS support for Coordinated Resource Recovery. This includes compatibility with prior releases and compatibility with the CMS file system support for minidisks. Finally, some of the future directions for file system support of resource recovery are identified along with some of the challenges that remain to be solved.
Structural Basis of Interdomain Communication in the Hsc70 Chaperone

Hsp70 family proteins are highly conserved chaperones involved in protein folding, degradation, targeting and translocation, and protein complex remodeling. They are comprised of an N-terminal nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal protein substrate binding domain (SBD). ATP binding to the NBD alters SBD conformation and substrate binding kinetics, but an understanding of the mechanism of interdomain communication has been hampered by the lack of a crystal structure of an intact chaperone. We report here the 2.6 angstroms structure of a functionally intact bovine Hsc70 (bHsc70) and a mutational analysis of the observed interdomain interface and the immediately adjacent interdomain linker. This analysis identifies interdomain interactions critical for chaperone function and supports an allosteric mechanism in which the interdomain linker invades and disrupts the interdomain interface when ATP binds.
Sand Control Completion Design, Installation and Performance of High Rate Gas Wells in the Jupiter Field

The Jupiter fields consist of a number of separate Rotliegendes gas reservoirs located approximately 90 miles off the Lincolnshire coast of the UK. The fields that make up Jupiter are Ganymede, Calisto, Europa, Sinope, and Thebe. Originally discovered in 1970, initial appraisal wells indicated poor reservoir properties and low deliverabilities. Development was postponed until a reappraisal of the area in the 1990`s indicated significant upside potential. The initial phase of the Jupiter development plan called for development of Ganymede and Calisto fields, with subsequent phases tying in Europa and Thebe. Initial development planning indicated a need for high field deliverability at low capital cost to meet economic targets. A small number of high-rate-potential wells were to be used to deplete the reservoir. Ganymede would be developed by use of a 10-slot platform and Calisto would be developed subsea and tied back to the Ganymede platform. The paper discusses the reservoir, formation assessment, productivity design, drilling design, screen installation, and completion performance.
Doing Race in the Context of Feminist Interviewing: Constructing Whiteness Through Talk:

In this article, the author examines how fieldwork serves as an interactional context through which the qualitative researcher’s racial identity and the racial identities of those under study are actively managed, negotiated, and solidified. Focusing on the context of feminist interviewing, the author highlights how the researcher and the researched, as they both construct their symbolic worlds through talk of it, rely on taken-for-granted notions about what whiteness means and in doing so, embed these notions within the research encounter. She gives particular consideration to the relations of talk through which whiteness gains meaning to theorize how her own racial position as racial insider/ outsider became meaningful through and to research. Defining whiteness as interactional accomplishment, the author argues that as researchers do research, they also are actively engaged in doing race. Two interviews conducted for an ethnography of high school proms serve as the basis of this analysis.
Epidermal growth factor induced membrane changes in 3T3 cells.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogen for Swiss 3T3 cells. Short incubation periods with physiological concentrations of EGF induced increased binding of Swiss 3T3 cells to Con A-coated nylon fibers. This effect was not induced in an EGF non-responsive 3T3 variant, in the transformed murine XC cells or in Swiss SV3T3 cells. The increase in Con A fiber-binding seems to be specific for EGF, since it was not observed in response to insulin, prostaglandin F2α or a higher serum concentration, which also initiate cell division of confluent quiescent 3T3 cells. EGF also reduced Con A-mediated hemadsorption to 3T3, but had no effect on hemadsorption by the EGF non-responsive 3T3 variant. There was no change in the number of Con A-receptors on 3T3 cells after EGF treatment. Binding to WGA-coated fibers and WGA-mediated hemadsorption were not effected by preincubation with EGF.
Ultrafast holography using charge-transfer polymers

Abstract Charge-transfer polymers are a new class of nonlinear optical materials which can be used for generating femtosecond holographic gratings. Using semiconducting polymers sensitized with varying concentrations of C 60 , holographic gratings were recorded by individual ultrafast laser pulses; the diffraction efficiency and time decay of the gratings were measured using non-degenerate four-wave mixing. Using a figure of merit for dynamic data processing, the temporal diffraction efficiency, this new class of materials exhibits between two and 12 orders of magnitude higher response than any other class of material. The high quantum efficiency and metastability of the charge transfer enables tuning of the decay dynamics by controlling the concentration of acceptors in the blend.
The textural quality of cooked potatoes. I. The relationship of cooking time to the separation and rupture of potato cells

Mealy mashed potatoes were obtained from potato slabs steam cooked as little as 8 min. The potato slabs were undercooked by the fork test. The bud-end slabs were softer than the stem-end slabs and the compressive force to rice the potato was high. Histologically, potatoes cooked 8–18 min showed no distention of cell walls and the rupture of cells was caused by the ricing of the potato tissue. Measurement of released free starch from the ruptured cells showed the potato cell was more susceptible to rupture as the cooking time increased. Potatoes cooked 9–12 min showed no significant differences in amount of cell rupturing. The results indicated the possibility that the pectic material in the middle lamella underwent a change, which was complete at cooking time of 9–12 min, to permit forced separation of the cells without undue damage to the cells. With longer cooking time, there was breakdown of the pectic material in the primary and secondary wall increasing the susceptibility of cells to rupture.
Adopting agriculture in the West African savanna: Exploring socio-economic choices in first millennium CE southeastern Burkina Faso

Abstract While significant advances have been made towards outlining the diverse processes of agricultural adoption worldwide, many regions including sub-Saharan Africa remain poorly understood owing to uneven archaeological coverage. This paper presents a case study from the West African savanna of a relatively late adoption of sedentism and agriculture. While domesticates were available in the region by ca. 2000 BCE, residents of the Gobnangou Escarpment in southeastern Burkina Faso maintained mobile foraging strategies likely until the 1st millennium CE. Drawing primarily on faunal remains from three archaeological sites spanning almost 7000 years of occupation, this paper explores the complex relationships between the adoption of domesticates, sedentism and long distance logistical expeditions by presenting data from two new early agricultural sites with varying domestic and local/regional wild resource usage. We argue that the Gobnangou is indicative of the diverse choices local communities make during times of economic transition, and highlight the social implications of the adoption processes.
Evidence for topological surface states in epitaxial Bi2Se3 thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition through magneto-transport measurements

Abstract We report epitaxial growth via domain matching epitaxy of Bi2Se3 thin films on Al2O3 (0 0 0 1) substrates with over 13% lattice misfit and critical thickness less than one monolayer. X-ray and electron diffraction patterns confirm that the layers are epitaxial with (0 0 0 1) Bi2Se3 || (0 0 0 1) Al2O3 and [ 2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0 ] Bi2Se3 || [ 2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0 ] Al2O3 (or) [ 2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 0 ] Bi2Se3 || [ 1 1 2 ¯ 0 ] Al2O3 without the presence of an interfacial pseudomorphic layer. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy reveals that the films are Se-deficient, in agreement with electrical transport data showing n-type carriers and metallic behavior. Magneto-resistance (MR) measurements show a cusp feature corresponding to weak antilocalization and linear-MR shows a non-saturating trend up to 9 T. These results suggest topological surface states in PLD-grown Bi2Se3 films.
The Structure of Two-Stage Counterflow n-Heptane-Air Flames

Partially premixed flames are formed by mixing air (in less than stoichiometric amounts) into the fuel stream prior to the reaction zone, where additional air is available for complete combustion. Such flames can occur in both laboratory and practical combustion systems. In advanced gas turbine combustor designs, such as a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor, partially premixed combustion represents an impotent mode of burning. Spray combustion often involves partially premixed combustion due to the locally fuel vapor-rich regions. In the present study, the detailed structure of n-heptane/air partially premixed flame in a counterflow configuration is investigated. The flame is computed by employing the Oppdif code and a detailed reaction mechanism consisting of 275 elementary reactions and 41 species. The partially premixed flame structure is characterized by two-stage burning or two distinct but synergistically coupled reaction zones, a rich premixed zone on the fuel side and a ‘nonpremixed zone on the air side. The fuel is completely consumed in the premixed zone with ethylene and acetylene being the major intermediate species. The reactions involving the consumption of these species are found to be the key rate-limiting reactions that characterize interactions between the two reaction zones, and determine the overall fuel consumption rate. The flame response to the variations in equivalence ratio and strain rate is examined. Increasing equivalence ratio and/or strain rate to a critical value leads to merging of the two reaction zones. The equivalence ratio variation affects the rich premixed reaction zone, while the variation in strain rate predominantly affects the nonpremixed reaction zone. The flame structure is also characterized in terms of a modified mixture fraction (conserved scalar), and laminar flamelet profiles are provided.© 2000 ASME
Distribution of metals between particulate and gaseous forms in a volcanic plume

In order to gain information on the distribution of metals between particles and gaseous forms in the plume of Kilauea volcano, a filter designed to collect metals associated with particles was followed in series by two other collectors intended to trap metals present in gaseous (atomic, molecular, or complexed) form: first an acid-bubbler bath and then a cold trap. Of the six metals measured, all of the In, Tl and Bi, and almost all of the Cd, Pb and Cu were found on the filter. None of any of the metals was detected in the acid-bubbler bath. Masses equivalent to 0.3% of the amount of Cd on the filter, 0.4% of the amount of Pb, and 9.3% of the Cu, were measured in the cold trap. The results indicate that all or nearly all of the six metals were partitioned to the particulate portion of the physical mixture of gases and particles that constitutes a volcanic plume, but that there may be systematic differences between chalcophile metals in the ways they are partitioned between particulate and gaseous phases in a cooled plume, and possibly differences in the acidity or other chemical properties of the molecular phases.
Phenomenology of neutral currents mediated by a light vector boson

The phenomenology of neutral currents for inclusive neutrino reactions and e+e− annihilation is discussed for the case of an intermediate vector boson with a mass between 3 and 6 GeV. It is shown that present data on neutrino reactions do not preclude such a light mass. If ψ and ψ′ are not coupled to neutrinos, the non-existence of other narrow resonances rules out a mass in this range if the boson has a significant coupling to electrons.
Field observations on the feeding behavior of salps (Tunicata: Thaliacea)

Observations of living salps by SCUBA diving in the Florida Current and Gulf of California (Mexico) indicate that they filter feed with a continuously renewed mucus net. Ninety-one percent of 1420 salps (6 species) examined were feeding in this manner. Particles collected range from about 1 mm to less than 1 μm. Compact fecal pellets appear to contain much undigested material and may carry significant amounts of carbon out of surface waters.