cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neo-cartilage engineered from primary chondrocytes is epigenetically similar to autologous cartilage, in contrast to using mesenchymal stem cells

Summary Objectives To compare the epigenetic landscape of 3D cell models of human primary articular chondrocytes (hPACs) and human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and their respective autologous articular cartilage. Design Using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays, the DNA methylation landscape of the different cell sources and autologous cartilage was determined. Pathway enrichment was analyzed using DAVID. Results Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of methylation data revealed separate clustering of hBMSC samples. Between hBMSCs and autologous cartilage 86,881 cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) (20.2%), comprising 3,034 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; Δ β > 0.1; with the same direction of effect), were significantly differentially methylated. In contrast, between hPACs and autologous cartilage only 5,706 CpGs (1.33%) were differentially methylated. Of interest was the finding of the transcriptionally active, hyper-methylation of a Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein ( CILP ) annotated DMR (Δ β = 0.16) in PAC-cartilage, corresponding to a profound decrease in CILP expression after in vitro culturing of hPACs as compared to autologous cartilage. Conclusions In vitro engineered neo-cartilage tissue from primary chondrocytes, hPACs, exhibits a DNA methylation landscape that is almost identical (99% similarity) to autologous cartilage, in contrast to neo-cartilage engineered from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although hBMSCs are widely used for cartilage engineering purposes the effects of these vast differences on cartilage regeneration and long term consequences of implantation, are not known. The use of hBMSCs or hPACs for future cartilage tissue regeneration purposes should therefore be investigated in more depth in future endeavors to better understand the consequences of the differential methylome on neo-cartilage.
Small town growth and metropolitan commuting: Evidence from united states daily urban systems

Metropolitan commuting has long been recognized as a major mechanism generating regional population increases. This paper examines the growth of small towns inside and outside the commuting areas of American daily urban systems (DUSs), 1960–1970. Nonparametric statistical procedures are used to test three size groups of small towns for expected increased growth within commuting areas and under the dominance of large DUS centers. National and Mountain states results do not uniformly support the hypothesis of polarized growth. For this decade, metropolitan commuting is only a partial explanation of small town growth.
Relation of aging to hypothalamic LHRH content and serum gonadal steroids in female rats.

SummaryThe relationships of age and reproductive state to hypothalamic LHRH content and gonadal steroids was studied in young and old female rats. LHRH content in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of young female rats was maximal on the morning of proestrus (PE), but fell to a nadir on PE afternoon. MBH-LHRH rose again on the morning of estrus (E) and then dropped by 1000 hr on diestrous Day 2 (DE-2). Old constant estrous (CE) rats had MBH-LHRH levels that were significantly lower than in young E rats, while old pseudopregnant-like (PP) rats had intermediate MBH-LHRH levels, not significantly different from those in young E or DE-2 rats. LHRH content in the MBH of old anestrous (AN) rats was lower than in any other group. Anterior hypothalamic (AH)-LHRH in old CE, PP, and AN rats were similar and did not differ from those in young E or DE-2 rats.Serum estradiol and progesterone peaked at PE in young cycling rats, but showed no cyclic variations in old rats. Old CE and PP rats had moderate estradiol leve...
The effect of manganese(II) chloride as a co-catalyst on cellobiose hydrolysis in dilute aqueous sulfuric acid and acidic ionic liquid mediums

Abstract The effects of adding MnCl2 as a co-catalyst on cellobiose hydrolysis in 0.016 M aqueous H2SO4 and 0.032 M 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride acidic ionic liquid mediums were studied at 60–90 °C by measuring the glucose yields. The addition of MnCl2 produced enhancements in glucose yields in both aqueous acid mediums. The yield enhancements are highest at 60 °C and gradually decrease at higher temperatures, suggesting that a weak interaction of MnCl2 with cellobiose causes the co-catalytic effect. FT-IR studies in the solid-state suggest that MnCl2 interacts with hydroxyl groups of cellobiose without causing significant changes in the pyranose ring conformations.
Calcium-induced ventricular contraction during cardioplegic arrest.

Cardiac arrest induced by hyperkalemic perfusion is generally considered to represent a state of complete electromechanical arrest However, high-energy phosphate concentrations and ventricular function decrease with increasing cardioplegic calcium concentrations, possibly because of elevated resting muscle tone produced by calcium influx. We examined isolated rat hearts containing an isovolumic intraventricular balloon for the presence of contractile activity during the administration at 10° C of a cardioplegic solution containing potassium, 20 mEq/L. Significant left ventricular pressure was developed (35.6% ± 4.3% of prearrest systolic pressure) during administration of a solution containing a calcium concentration of 1.0 mmol/L and far less (9.7% ± 1.6% of prearrest systolic pressure) with a calcium-free cardioplegic solution. The muscle contraction diminished with repeated doses, was increased by increasing cardioplegic calcium content, and was inihibited by magnesium. Adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate concentrations were 9.0 ± 1.4 and 7.0 ± 0.9 nmol/mg dry weight immediately after infusion of 15 ml of a hypoxic cardioplegic solution containing calcium, versus 13.3 ± 1.3 (p
Overview of Central Auditory Processing Deficits in Older Adults

Although there are many reported age-related declines in the human body, the notion that a central auditory processing deficit exists in older adults has not always been clear. Hearing loss and both structural and functional central nervous system changes with advancing age are contributors to how we listen, hear, and process auditory information. Even older adults with normal or near normal hearing sensitivity may exhibit age-related central auditory processing deficits as measured behaviorally and/or electrophysiologically. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of assessment and rehabilitative approaches for central auditory processing deficits in older adults. It is hoped that the outcome of the information presented here will help clinicians with older adult patients who do not exhibit the typical auditory processing behaviors exhibited by others at the same age and with comparable hearing sensitivity all in the absence of other health-related conditions.
Efficient Generation of β-Globin-Expressing Erythroid Cells Using Stromal Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent an ideal source for in vitro modeling of erythropoiesis and a potential alternative source for red blood cell transfusions. However, iPS cell-derived erythroid cells predominantly produce e- and γ-globin without β-globin production. We recently demonstrated that ES cell-derived sacs (ES sacs), known to express hemangioblast markers, allow for efficient erythroid cell generation with β-globin production. In this study, we generated several iPS cell lines derived from bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and peripheral blood erythroid progenitors (EPs) from sickle cell disease patients, and evaluated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) generation after iPS sac induction as well as subsequent erythroid differentiation. MSC-derived iPS sacs yielded greater amounts of immature hematopoietic progenitors (VEGFR2 + GPA−), definitive HSPCs (CD34 + CD45+), and megakaryoerythroid progenitors (GPA + CD41a+), as compared to EP-derived iPS sacs. Erythroid differentiation from MSC-derived iPS sacs resulted in greater amounts of erythroid cells (GPA+) and higher β-globin (and βS-globin) expression, comparable to ES sac-derived cells. These data demonstrate that human MSC-derived iPS sacs allow for more efficient erythroid cell generation with higher β-globin production, likely due to heightened emergence of immature progenitors. Our findings should be important for iPS cell-derived erythroid cell generation. Stem Cells 2017;35:586–596
The Hydrogen Economy Miami Energy (Theme) Conference Banquet Address — March 19, 1974

I am very happy to have the opportunity to talk about energy on the day when the energy embargo has been lifted. This makes it absolutely clear that the energy problem is not a crisis, it is a chronic problem and an extremely serious one. Let me try to say a word or two about the real difficulty which we are facing.
Why are extraverts more satisfied? Personality, social experiences, and subjective well‐being in college.

It is widely appreciated that extraversion is associated with greater subjective well–being. What is not yet clear is what mechanisms relate the two. In two longitudinal studies, we explored whethe...
Estimation of Graphical Models with Shape Restriction

Gaussian graphical models are recently used in economics to obtain networks of dependence among agents. A widely-used estimator is the Graphical Lasso (GLASSO), which amounts to a maximum likelihood estimation regularized using the L1,1 matrix norm on the precision matrix Ω. The L1,1 norm is a lasso penalty that controls for sparsity, or the number of zeros in Ω. We propose a new estimator called Structured Graphical Lasso (SGLASSO) that uses the L1,2 mixed norm. The use of the L1,2 penalty controls for the structure of the sparsity in Ω. We show that SGLASSO is asymptotically equivalent to an infeasible GLASSO problem which prioritizes the sparsity-recovery of high-degree nodes. Monte Carlo simulation shows that SGLASSO outperforms GLASSO in terms of estimating the overall precision matrix and in terms of estimating the structure of the graphical model. In an empirical application to a classic firms’ investment dataset, we obtain a network of firms’ dependence that exhibits the core-periphery structure, with General Motors, General Electric and U.S. Steel forming the core group of firms.
Highly Accurate and Efficient Data-Driven Methods for Genotype Imputation

High-throughput sequencing techniques have generated massive quantities of genotype data. Haplotype phasing has proven to be a useful and effective method for analyzing these data. However, the quality of phasing is undermined due to missing information. Imputation provides an effective means of improving the underlying genotype information. For model organisms, imputation can rely on an available reference genotype panel and a physical or genetic map. For non-model organisms, which often do not have a genotype panel, it is important to design an imputation technique that does not rely on reference data. Here, we present Accurate Data-Driven Imputation Technique (ADDIT), which is composed of two data-driven algorithms capable of handling data generated from model and non-model organisms. The non-model variant of ADDIT (referred to as ADDIT-NM) employs statistical inference methods to impute missing genotypes, whereas the model variant (referred to as ADDIT-M) leverages a supervised learning-based approach for imputation. We demonstrate that both variants of ADDIT are more accurate, faster, and require less memory than leading state-of-the-art imputation tools using model (human) and non-model (maize, apple, and grape) genotype data. Software Availability: The source code of ADDIT and test data sets are available at https://github.com/NDBL/ADDIT.
Turbocharging vaccines: emerging adjuvants for dendritic cell based therapeutic cancer vaccines

Development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been hindered by the many pro-tumorigenic mechanisms at play in cancer patients that serve to suppress both antigen presenting cells and T cells. In face of these obstacles, cancer vaccines are most likely to promote anti-tumorigenic immune responses only when formulated with strong adjuvants, and in combination with new immune interventions designed to reverse immune suppression and exhaustion of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Dendritic cells (DCs) are often termed 'nature's adjuvant' due to their exceptional capacity for initiating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Hence, the past decade has witnessed a flurry of activity in testing DC based immunotherapies for cancer intervention. In this review we will discuss advances in conventional adjuvants and provide insight into new adjuvants as they pertain to DC cancer therapy.
Pediatric residency training and behavioral health: context, roles, and advocacy for social workers

ABSTRACTPediatric primary care providers such as pediatricians and pediatric residents tend to be the most accessible professionals when it comes to managing behavioral-health concerns such as social-emotional, behavioral, and developmental issues. However, pediatricians report they do not feel comfortable managing common behavioral-health issues. Many in the field have acknowledged that this stems from the inadequate training that pediatricians receive when they are residents. Opportunities exist for social workers (e.g., licensed clinical social workers) to train pediatric residents in behavioral-health care. Many social workers are uniquely positioned to provide this interprofessional education. With changes in the healthcare landscape emphasizing behavioral health integration in the patient-centered medical home, more social workers are practicing in these integrated care settings. The purpose of this article is to: (1) describe the current context of behavioral-health training for pediatric residents...
Molecular and functional crosstalk between extracellular Hsp90 and ephrin A1 signaling

// Abdelkader Daoud 1, * , Udhayakumar Gopal 1, 2, * , Jasmine Kaur 1 and Jennifer S. Isaacs 1 1 Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29412, Charleston, USA 2 Current address: Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, NC, 27708, Durham, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jennifer S. Isaacs, email: isaacsj@musc.edu Keywords: extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90), RhoA, myosin, Src, EphA2 Received: August 16, 2017 Accepted: September 30, 2017 Published: November 03, 2017 ABSTRACT The Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family member EphA2 plays a pivotal role in modulating cytoskeletal dynamics to control cancer cell motility and invasion. EphA2 is frequently upregulated in diverse solid tumors and has emerged as a viable druggable target. We previously reported that extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90), a known pro-motility and invasive factor, collaborates with EphA2 to regulate tumor invasion in the absence of its cognate ephrin ligand. Here, we aimed to further define the molecular and functional relationship between EphA2 and eHsp90. Ligand dependent ephrin A1 signaling promotes RhoA activation and altered cell morphology to favor transient cell rounding, retraction, and diminished adhesion. Exposure of EphA2-expressing cancer cells to ligand herein revealed a unique role for eHsp90 as an effector of cytoskeletal remodeling. Notably, blockade of eHsp90 via either neutralizing antibodies or administration of cell-impermeable Hsp90-targeted small molecules significantly attenuated ligand dependent cell rounding in diverse tumor types. Although eHsp90 blockade did not appear to influence receptor internalization, downstream signaling events were augmented. In particular, eHsp90 activated a Src-RhoA axis to enhance ligand dependent cell rounding, retraction, and ECM detachment. Moreover, eHsp90 signaling via this axis stimulated activation of the myosin pathway, culminating in formation of an EphA2-myosin complex. Inhibition of either eHsp90 or Src was sufficient to impair ephrin A1 mediated Rho activation, activation of myosin intermediates, and EphA2-myosin complex formation. Collectively, our data support a paradigm whereby eHsp90 and EphA2 exhibit molecular crosstalk and functional cooperation within a ligand dependent context to orchestrate cytoskeletal events controlling cell morphology and attachment.
Theories of Criminal Victimization

There are two kinds of theories of criminal victimization: individual (micro) and aggregate/structural (macro) correlates. Victimologists have focused upon the characteristics of victims and victim-precipitated crime. Findings that young, unmarried males had higher rates of victimization than their demographic counterparts led to theories about lifestyles/routine activities. The association between social structures and aggregate victimization rates supported the theory of collective efficacy and clarified the social disorganization theory advanced by Shaw and McKay. Opportunity theory and Blau’s theory of heterogeneity help explain the effects of heterogeneity and residential segregation.
Does oil and gas development impact recreation visits to public lands? A cross-sectional analysis of overnight recreation site use at 27 national forests with oil and gas development

Abstract Drawing on national forest visitor use data from 722 overnight use recreation sites across 27 National Forests with oil and gas development, this work examines whether the presence of oil and gas development within five kilometers of an overnight recreation site affects site visitation. Findings suggest that sites within five kilometers of oil and gas wells see less visitation, compared to sites farther away from wells. While this work does not attempt to speculate on the overall user experience, it does suggest that the presence of oil and gas development may have a significant enough effect on the user experience to motivate some users to recreate elsewhere. On average, each additional oil or gas well within a five-kilometer radius is related to a decline in six visits to the site, on an annual basis. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model results suggest that the effect of oil and gas wells on overnight site visitation varies across the nation and is statistically significant in western states but not significant in eastern states, possibly due to differing expectations for pristine recreation settings. Management implication ● This research finds that overnight use recreation sites within five kilometers of oil and gas wells see less visitation, compared to sites farther away from wells. ● On average, each additional oil or gas well within a five-kilometer radius is related to a decline in six visits to the site, on an annual basis. ● Managers tasked with analyzing potential impacts of oil and gas development on recreational uses can apply these findings directly into social impact analyses by carefully considering the real potential for declines in visitation and the associated drop in recreation fees available to local district managers for recreation resource maintenance and stewardship
Syntheses of ZnO with Different Morphologies: Catalytic Activity toward Coumarin Synthesis via the Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction

Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred in fine chemical industries due to their easy recovery and reusability. Here, we report an easily scalable method of ZnO catalysts for coumarin synthesis. Nanocrystalline ZnO particles with diverse morphologies and crystallite sizes were prepared using different solvents. The change in morphology results in changes in band gaps, defects, basicity, and textural properties (surface areas, pore volumes, and pore sizes). The catalytic performances of the synthesized ZnO materials were tested using coumarin synthesis via the Knoevenagel condensation. The catalyst synthesized using methanol shows the highest activity and selectivity (conversion of 74%, selectivity of 94%) with a turnover number of 14.69. The increased activity of the ZnO synthesized in methanol is attributed to the combined effects of moderate basicity and relatively high textural properties of the sample.
Investigation of surface leakage reduction for small pitch shortwave infrared photodetectors

Different passivation techniques are investigated for reducing leakage current in small pixel (down to 9 μm) heterostructure photodetectors designed for the short-wavelength infrared range. Process evaluation test chips were fabricated using the same process as for focal plane arrays. Arrays of small photodetectors were electrically characterized under dark conditions from 150 K to room temperature. In order to evaluate the leakage current, we studied the relation between the inverse of dynamic resistance at −20 mV and zero bias and perimeter over area P/A ratio as the pixel size is scaled down. At 150 K, leakage current arising from the perimeter dominates while bulk leakage dominates at room temperature. We find that in shortwave devices directly underfilling hybridized devices with a thermoset epoxy resin without first doing any additional passivation/protection after etching gives the lowest leakage with a surface resistance of 4.2 × 109 and 8.9 × 103 Ω cm−1 at 150 and 300 K, for −20 mV of bias voltage, respectively.
RESULTS ON THE CKM ANGLE ϕ1 (β)

I review results related to the CKM angle ϕ1 (β). These results include recent measurements of CP-violation from the BaBar and Belle experiments in , and processes.
Performance Evaluation of the Quadrics Interconnection Network

In this paper we present an in-depth description of the Quadrics interconnection network (QsNET) and an experimental performance evaluation on a 64-node AlphaServer cluster. We explore several performance dimensions and scaling properties of the network by using a collection of benchmarks, based on different traffic patterns. Experiments with permutation patterns and uniform traffic are conducted to illustrate the basic characteristics of the interconnect under conditions commonly created by parallel scientific applications. Moreover, the behavior of the QsNET under I/O traffic, and the influence of the placement of the I/O servers are analyzed. The effects of using dedicated I/O nodes or shared I/O nodes are also exposed. In addition, we evaluate how background I/O traffic interferes with other parallel applications running concurrently. The experimental results indicate that the QsNET provides excellent performance in most cases, with excellent contention resolution mechanisms. Some important guidelines for applications and I/O servers mapping on large-scale clusters are also given.
Percus-Yevick integral-equation theory for athermal hard-sphere chains: Part I: Equations of state

A theoretical method for the modelling of athermal freely jointed tangent hard-sphere chain fluids, of fixed length r, is developed based on a ‘particle-particle’ description of the chain system. This approach is based on the Percus-Yevick (PY) theory in the context of the particle-particle Ornstein-Zernike integral equation subject to some imposed connectivity constraints. Analytical expressions for the compressibility equations of state are derived for homonuclear chains, heteronuclear chains, blends or mixtures of homonuclear and heteronuclear chains, and homonuclear chains in a hard-sphere solvent. The PY compressibility equation of state for the athermal hard-sphere chain system is found to consist of (i) a non-bonded hard-sphere PY compressibility pressure contribution, and (ii) a PY bonding contribution due to chain formation. In the case of homonuclear chains the Percus-Yevick solution is found to yield excellent agreement with computer-simulation data reported in the literature. By replacing the ...
Measuring Displacement: Assessing Proxies for Involuntary Residential Mobility:

Research has repeatedly found that displacement is not more likely in gentrifying neighborhoods. Since the dependent variable—displacement—is difficult to measure, researchers resort to a variety o...
Utilization of online crowdfunding for alternative cancer treatments at home and abroad.

e14044Background: The use of alternative cancer treatments has been associated with decreased survival. However, little is known about the types of individuals who seek out these therapies, the alt...
Do patients' cognitive therapy skills predict personality change during treatment of depression?

Abstract Background Psychological interventions can change personality, including increasing positive temperament (extraversion) and decreasing negative temperament (neuroticism), but why these changes occur is unclear. The current study tested the extent to which patients’ acquisition and use of skills taught in cognitive therapy (CT) correlated with changes in positive and negative temperament during treatment of depression. Method Outpatients (N = 351) with recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) were enrolled in a 12-week CT protocol. Temperament (early and late in CT), patient skills (mid and late in CT), and depressive symptoms (early, mid, and late in CT) were measured repeatedly. Results Patients with greater acquisition and use of CT skills showed significantly larger increases in positive temperament and larger decreases in negative temperament in path analyses. Effect sizes were small, median standardized |beta| = 0.13. Models controlled depressive symptom levels and changes. Conclusions Skills taught in CT for recurrent depression correlate with personality change during this efficacious treatment. The absence of measures of CT skills at baseline and personality mid-CT allows several interpretations of the current findings. Future research is needed to clarify whether patients’ use of CT skills facilitates adaptive changes in personality during CT.
Impact of Ketamine on Opioid Use and Persistent Pain After Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Chemotherapy.

Background Persistent pain and opioid use can be devastating after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy (HIPEC). Methods We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the impact of ketamine use on postoperative complications and persistent and chronic pain after CRS-HIPEC. Results Ketamine reduced perioperative opioid use before and after implementation of recovery after surgery programs. Ketamine did not impact the formation of persistent and chronic pain formation and long-term opioid use. Postoperative complications and postoperative re-operations were independent predictors of persistent pain. Interestingly, the risk of having a complication was increased by 1% for every doubling in opioids used intraoperatively. Conclusion Ketamine use reduces perioperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC, but it is not associated with improvements in long-term opioid use and chronic pain.
Managing Intrathecal Drug Delivery (ITDD) in Cancer Patients

Pain is a commonly reported symptom in cancer patients. Patients with cancer pain often fail conservative medical management or have significant side effects to systemic medications. The implantation of an intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD) system may be the most effective treatment option for these patients and can improve their quality of life. This article aims to discuss the choice of intrathecal medications for patients suffering from intractable cancer pain, the management of ITDD throughout a patient’s disease course, and the management of complications related to the ITDD system and intrathecal medications.
Effective Integrated Marketing Strategies Before and into Cyberspace

The proposition is examined here that modeling what actually happens. in customer/marketer information search and two-way responses in direct marketing strategies may be helpful for designing effective IMC programs before and into cyberspace. This commentary provides specific strategy steps for using the Internet as a medium for marketers to form close relationships with customers.
Parallel Connectivity-Preserving Thinning Algorithms

Abstract A variety of approaches to parallel thinning using operators with small supports are reviewed, with emphasis on how one may preserve, and prove one has preserved, connec- tivity. Tests are demonstrated for verifying connectivity preservation; and for fundamental classes of parallel thinning algorithms, including fully parallel, two-subiteration, and two- subfield, conditions are identified using these tests which are sufficient for preservation of connectivity. Thus“design spaces” for connectivity preserving algorithms belonging to these classes are identified. Some fundamental limitations on parallel thinning operators for images with 8-4 connectivity are also reviewed, including constraints on support size and shape. Parallel computation time issues are addressed and it is shown that existing fully parallel thinning algorithms are nearly optimally fast.
Comparison of affective instability in borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder using a self-report measure.

Background This study used a new self-report instrument to measure frequency and intensity of nine dimensions of affective instability, as well as the extent to which affective instability was interpersonal, in subjects endorsing elevated features of BPD and bipolar disorder. Method Subjects were 818 students enrolled in a state university. The study used self-report instruments to identify 21 participants with elevated features of mania and 30 subjects with significant BPD features. In addition, subjects completed a new self-report instrument to measure affective instability, the Affective Lability Questionnaire for Borderline Personality Disorder (ALQ-BPD). Results Aggregate frequency and intensity scores, as well as the total scores on the ALQ-BPD, were significantly higher for subjects with elevated borderline traits than subjects with elevated bipolar traits. Subjects with borderline traits reported significantly more frequent affective shifts on seven of nine dimensions of the ALQ-BPD. Subjects with borderline traits reported significantly more intense affective shifts on two of nine dimensions. Both groups reported affective instability that was less than 50% reactive to interpersonal events, but subjects with borderline traits reported affective instability that was significantly more interpersonal than that reported by subjects with bipolar traits. Conclusion The affective instability associated with symptoms of BPD and bipolar disorder has different profiles, particularly with respect to frequency. Borderline affective instability appears more interpersonal than the affective instability associated with bipolar symptoms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistent photoconductivity and related critical phenomena in Zn 0.3 Cd 0.7 Se

Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) has been investigated for ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{Cd}}_{0.7}$Se mixed crystal. We found that local potential fluctuations induced by composition fluctuations are responsible for PPC observed here. However, the PPC is observed only above 70 K, in contrast to previous reported results on most materials which exhibit PPC effects predominantly at low temperatures. PPC relaxation shows stretched-exponential decay in temperature region 70 KlTl220 K. A PPC-related phase transition has been observed, in which the stored charge carriers experienced a transition from localized to delocalized states at temperature ${T}_{c}$(\ensuremath{\approxeq}120 K). Stretched-exponential decay parameters as functions of temperature have been determined.
The Kinetic Mechanism(s) of Cytochrome Oxidase

The steady-state kinetics of cytochrome oxidase exhibit two characteristics that impose severe constraints on any proposed mechanism. The first is the exponential consumption of ferrocytochrome c and the second is the nonhyperbolic dependence of reaction velocity upon the concentration of cytochrome c. Because the reaction mechanism contains at least five, and possibly six, substrates, realistic mechanisms can be very complex and not suitable for analysis by conventional means. We have developed procedures for rapidly establishing whether a postulated mechanism will exhibit the necessary behavior and for calculating the steady-state activity that will result for any mechanism, given values for the individual rate constants and reactant concentrations. The procedures have been used with mechanisms containing up to 40 enzyme species.
The Role of Long-Range Internal Back Stresses in Creep of Metals

The use of back stress terms in constitutive equations implies the existence of inhomogeneous stresses within the solid. We suggest that such inhomogeneities arise naturally from dislocation processes and are associated with the development of hard and soft regions within the substructure. We point out that back stresses act in the soft parts of the substructure and that constitutive equations containing back stresses should be based on flow mechanisms in these regions. Constitutive equations based on flow in the hard parts of the substructure should contain forward internal stresses. We envision flow in the hard regions to be controlled by recovery and to dominate at high temperatures, while flow in the soft regions involves other kinds of thermally activated dislocation motion and is most important at low temperatures. Power law breakdown is explained with a composite model as a natural consequence of the transition from high temperature to low temperature deformation.
A preview of a microgravity laser light scattering instrument

The development of a versatile, miniature, modular light scattering instrument to be used in microgravity is described. The instrument will measure microscopic particles in the size range of thirty angstroms to above three microns. This modular instrument permits several configurations, each optimized for a particular experiment. In particular, a multiangle instrument will probably be mounted in a rack in the Space Shuttle and on the Space Station. It is possible that a Space Shuttle glove-box and a lap-top computer containing a correlator card can be used to perform a number of experiments and to demonstrate the technology needed for more elaborate investigations.
Deficiencies in estrogen-mediated regulation of cerebrovascular homeostasis may contribute to an increased risk of cerebral aneurysm pathogenesis and rupture in menopausal and postmenopausal women

Despite the catastrophic consequence of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, very little is understood regarding their pathogenesis, and there are no reliable predictive markers for identifying at-risk individuals. Few studies have addressed the molecular pathological basis and mechanisms of intracranial aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture. The pathogenesis and rupture of cerebral aneurysms have been associated with inflammatory processes, and these have been implicated in the digestion and breakdown of vascular wall matrix. Epidemiological data indicate that the risk of cerebral aneurysm pathogenesis and rupture in women rises during and after menopause as compared to premenopausal women, and has been attributed to hormonal factors. Moreover, experimental evidence supports a role for estrogen in the modulation of each phase of the inflammatory response implicated in cerebral aneurysm pathogenesis and rupture. While the risk of aneurysm rupture in men also increases with age, this increased risk has been attributed to other recognized risk factors including cigarette smoking, use of alcohol, and history of hypertension, all of which are more common in men than women. We hypothesize, therefore, that decreases in both circulating estrogen levels and cerebrovascular estrogen receptor density may contribute to an increased risk of cerebral aneurysm pathogenesis and rupture in women during and after menopause. To test our hypothesis, experiments are needed to identify genes regulated by estrogen and to evaluate gene expression and intracellular mechanisms in cells/tissues exposed to varying concentrations and duration of treatment with estrogen, metabolites of estrogen, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Furthermore, it is not likely that the regulation of cerebrovascular homeostasis is due to the actions of estrogen alone, but rather the interplay of estrogen and other hormones and their associated receptor expression. The potential interactions of these hormones in the maintenance of normal cerebrovascular tone need to be elucidated. Additional studies are needed to define the role that estrogen and other sex hormones may play in the cerebrovascular circulation and the pathogenesis and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Efforts directed at understanding the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of aneurysm pathogenesis and rupture promise to yield dividends that may have important therapeutic and clinical implications. The development of non-invasive tools such as molecular MRI for the detection of specific cells, molecular markers, and tissues may facilitate early diagnosis of initial pathophysiological changes that are undetectable by clinical examination or other diagnostic tools, and can also be used to evaluate the state of activity of cerebral aneurysm pathogenesis before, during, and after treatment.
Laboratory Tests Used To Guide Antimicrobial Therapy

Laboratory tests that can be helpful in guiding antimicrobial therapy include antimicrobial susceptibility testing, determination of bacterial β-lactamase activity, assay of serum inhibitory and bactericidal activity, and assay of specific antibiotic levels in serum. When any microorganism is isolated from a normally sterile body fluid in a patient with clinical evidence of infection, susceptibility studies should be performed. The standardized disk test provides results that should be comparable from laboratory to laboratory but has the disadvantage of yielding results expressed only as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant. In contrast, dilution methods allow determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of an agent, which can be correlated with blood, urine, and other body fluid levels of the antimicrobial agent. Accurate measurement of serum concentrations of antimicrobial agents is important when the margin between therapeutic and toxic levels is narrow, such as for aminoglycosides or vancomycin, and when a patient has renal failure and may have accumulation of high levels of antimicrobial agents that would normally be excreted by the kidneys.
Production of stable isotopes utilizing the plasma separation process

Abstract A plasma separation process (PSP) is being operated at Theragenics Corporation’s®, Oak Ridge, TN, facility for the enrichment of stable isotopes. The PSP utilizes ion cyclotron mass discrimination to separate isotopes on a relatively large scale. With a few exceptions, nearly any metallic element could be processed with PSP. Output isotope enrichment factor depends on natural abundance and mass separation and can be fairly high in some cases. The Theragenics™ PSP facility is believed to be the only such process currently in operation. This system was developed and formerly operated under the US Department of Energy Advanced Isotope Separation program. Theragenics™ also has a laboratory at the PSP site capable of harvesting the isotopes from the process and a mass spectrometer system for analyzing enrichment and product purity. Since becoming operational in 2002, Theragenics™ has utilized the PSP to separate isotopes of several elements including: dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, molybdenum and nickel. Currently, Theragenics™ is using the PSP for the separation of 102Pd, which is used as precursor for the production of 103Pd. The 103Pd radioisotope is the active ingredient in TheraSeed®, which is used in the treatment of early stage prostate cancer and being investigated for other medical applications. New industrial, medical and research applications are being investigated for isotopes that can be enriched on the PSP. Pre-enrichment of accelerator or reactor targets offers improved radioisotope production. Theragenics operates 14 cyclotrons for proton activation and has access to HFIR at ORNL for neutron activation of radioisotopes.
Relation between sensitivity to lactogenic hormones and tumorigenesis in hyperplastic mammary nodules in C3H/Crgl mice.

SummaryTransplantation of mammary hyperplastic alveolar nodules showing various degrees of milk secretion as a result of prior treatment with lactogenic steroids revealed no relationship between hormone sensitivity and tumor-forming ability.
The electronic structure of ZnSe in two phases

Abstract A non-adjusted pseudopotential is used to calculate the band structure of ZnSe in two phases. For the zinc-blende phase the calculated band structure agrees extremely well with experiment, while the high pressure (rock salt) form is shown to have an energy gap quite close to zero. The effect of ionicity on the electronic spectrum is also studied.
Stackable cow dung based microfabricated microbial fuel cells

μL-scale microbial fuel cell (μMFC) technology has the potential to serve as an efficient renewable energy harvester for a variety of applications ranging from, on chip devices to autonomous sensors in remote locations. However, low voltage and power outputs have restricted such microbial fuel cells (MFCs) from most practical applications. To bypass this limitation, we present a stackable microfabricated high-voltage cow dung-based μL-scale microbial fuel cell (CDFC) that utilizes a complex natural substrate (cow dung) and microstructures to attain higher voltages and power densities. Specifically utilizing micropillars which increased the electrode surface area 155 % compared to planar electrodes and a rich microbial consortium in the cow dung. Experimental results for the CDFC revealed open circuit potentials (OCPs) of 0.85±0.05 V, which represent the highest reported for a μMFC thus far. The CDFC was also found to produce power densities of 95±10 W/m3. By using two CDFCs stacked in series OCPs were increased by approximately 100%. These results suggest that the CDFC methodology represents a big step towards making μMFCs viable energy harvesters for both electronic and biological applications.
Mobile Electric Power Energy Efficiency Detection System and Test Method

Energy efficiency detection system plays a important role in energy conservation service market, which is applied in lots of enterprises. Mobile detection system can save manpower and financial resources especially for energy conservation service agencies and energy efficiency assessment institutions, which consists of the portable devices, self-organizing communication network, reliable data collection ability, strong data analysis and display tools. The physical architecture, function architecture of the system was designed and key technologies about the system were also specially studied. The test method about the system was designed, which is used to guide the technicians in the field. The thesis results supply a practical measure for the work of the above mentioned related agencies and institutions.
Introduction of YACs containing a putative mammalian replication origin into mammalian cells can generate structures that replicate autonomously.

Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) containing or lacking a biochemically defined DNA replication origin were transferred from yeast to mammalian cells in order to determine whether origin-dependent autonomous replication would occur. A specialized YAC vector was designed to enable selection for YACs in mammalian cells and for monitoring YAC abundance in individual mammalian cells. All of eight clones made with linear and circularized YACs lacking the origin and seven of nine clones made with linear and circularized YACs containing the origin region contained single copies of the transfected YAC, along with various amounts of yeast DNA, integrated into single but different chromosomal sites. By contrast, two transformants derived from circularized YACs containing the putative replication origin showed very heterogeneous YAC copy number and numerous integration sites when analyzed after many generations of in vitro propagation. Analysis of both clones at an early time after fusion revealed variously sized extrachromosomal YAC/yeast structures reminiscent of the extrachromosomal elements found in some cells harboring amplified genes. The data are consistent with the interpretation that YACs containing a biochemically defined origin of replication can initially replicate autonomously, followed by integration into multiple chromosomal locations, as has been reported to occur in many examples of gene amplification in mammalian cells.
Nitroglycerin causes vasodilatation within ischaemic myocardium

Vasodilators such as nitroglycerin have been reported to increase collateral blood flow to ischaemic myocardium. One proposed mechanism of action is dilatation of collateral vessels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dilatation of vessels within the ischaemic area also contributes to the increase in flow. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated in chloralose-anaesthetised dogs. Peripheral LAD pressure (PLAD) was measured distal to the occlusion. Myocardial blood flows were measured with 15 μm radioactive microspheres. Ischaemic bed vascular resistance was calculated as PLAD/LAD flow. After 1 h of ischaemia, nitroglycerin (2.3 μg·kg−1·min−1) decreased ischaemic bed resistance by 10% when infused into the LAD, by 16% when infused into the circumflex coronary artery, and by 15% when infused via the right atrium. However, adenosine infusion (2 μg·kg−1·min−1) into the LAD did not decrease ischaemic bed resistance. We conclude that nitroglycerin increases collateral flow in part by dilating large coronary arteries within an acutely ischaemic area
Spatial autocorrelation and neighborhood quality

Abstract Although it is intuitively obvious that neighborhood quality and accessibility should affect housing prices, the empirical evidence is weak: Most hedonic estimations show few significant coefficients on the neighborhood and accessibility variables. The lack of empirical support for the capitalization of neighborhood and accessibility effects may stem from the multicentric nature of the city as well as measurement problems with regard to neighborhood quality. In this paper, an alternative approach is taken: Omit all neighborhood and accessibility measures from the set of explanatory variables and instead model the resulting autocorrelation in the error term. Data from Baltimore are used in an empirical example; the results show that this approach provides a very plausible pattern of housing price variation.
Kinetics of the NO−NH3−O2 reaction

In a previous paper (10) it was reported that NO+NH3+O2 mixtures may undergo rapid reaction under conditions such that NO+NH3, NH3+O2, and NO+O2 mixtures were all nonreactive. Thus the NO−NH3−O2 reaction is both a new reaction and an example of an unusual kind of reaction and in this paper its kinetics are elucidated. Experiments were done in a flow system of conventional design, using helium as the carrier gas. It was found that oxidation of NH3 to form NO occurs concurrently with reduction of NO by NH3 and thus [NO] tends toward a steady state value. Via a somewhat complex data reduction procedure it was found that the reduction and oxidation reactions could be formally separated and the rate of the reduction reaction may be expressed as d 1 n [ NO ] − [ NO ] ss d t = − k R [ O 2 ] 1 / 2 [ N H 3 ] 1 / 2 [ He ] − 1 (I) where kR=1.8×1012 exp — (46500/RT)sec−1. The above expression describes the rate of the reduction reaction for the temperature range 872°C to 954°C, the pressure range 1.07 to 2.14 atmo., and for the reactants in such relative proportions that [He]≫[O2]≫ [NH3]≫[NO]. It was also observed that if [NH3] was increased so that it approached [O2], the extent of [NO] reduction occurring during a given reaction time could decrease from a nearly quantitative reduction to little or no reduction. The concentration of NH3 needed to cause this self-inhibition effect was found to increase with increasing [O2], increasing reduction time, and increasing temperature. A free radical reaction mechanism which explains the above results is discussed.