cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment Effect Norms

The wide diversity of problems in educational settings poses a formidable challenge to behavior therapists. Indeed, the multitude of behavior change strategies in the second part of this volume probably reflects the degree of creativity required to confront such a diverse set of problems. At some point, however, the clinician and the researcher may wish to look beyond these multiple and seemingly separate problems and strategies to gain a more unified perspective of the field of behavior therapy. One fundamental purpose in this chapter is to create such a unified perspective by discussing the notion of treatment effect norms. Although the concept of norm necessarily implies a more catholic view than would otherwise emerge from one’s own research or experience, it also offers an opportunity to integrate and to focus, yet also cast a broad net.
Effect of Gate-Oxide Degradation on Electrical Parameters of Power MOSFETs

Gate oxide in power metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) degrades over time. The degradation leads to an accumulation of oxide-trapped charges within the gate oxide and an accumulation of interface-trapped charges at the oxide–semiconductor surface of power MOSFETs. Overtime, such charges significantly alter the electrical parameters of power MOSFETs; to observe this, the electrical parameters are utilized as precursors of gate-oxide degradation. The purpose of this paper is threefold: 1) to propose a new online precursor of gate-oxide degradation—the gate plateau time; 2) to demonstrate a simultaneous dip-and-rebound variation pattern of four precursors of gate-oxide degradation: threshold voltage, gate plateau voltage, gate plateau time, and on-resistance; and 3) to compare the shift tendencies of each precursor over the course of gate-oxide degradation. The existing studies of gate-oxide degradation mechanisms and their effects on threshold voltage and mobility reduction were extended to correlate a variation of all four precursors using analytical expressions. The variation patterns were experimentally verified using high-electric field stressing in two different commercial power MOSFETs. The new precursor, the gate plateau time, was found to be a competitive gate-oxide degradation precursor, as it had a higher positive shift than threshold voltage and gate plateau voltage. In addition, the threshold voltage was found to be the most sensitive indicator of the negative shift (dip), while the on-resistance and gate plateau time were found to be the most sensitive indicators of the positive shift (rebound).
Twilight and Dawn

I do not remember the ambulance ride nor its drivers who came quickly to pick me up after my 911 call early on Feb. 1. I remember nothing of the 20-mile drive to Exempla Good Samaritan Hospital in the nearby town of Lafayette. I have no mental image of any of the medical personnel who worked to save my life in the Emergency Room. Indeed, from the time that I placed the 911 call until nearly three weeks later, I remember almost nothing at all.
Examples of Eigenvalue/Vector USE IK Electric Power System Problems

Major failures of electric power systems usually are the result of dynamic instabilities in the system. Small disturbances can be studied by linearizing the system equations and using eigenvalues/vectors. If the power system is represented in complete detail, the order of the resulting system will be in the tens of thousands, which can not be handled. Present methods have proven useful and effective in solving real problems, but they have just increased the desire to study systems of higher order.
The Hepatic Central Vein: Anatomical and Molecular Links to Perivenous Liver Biology

The hepatic central vein, the initial branch of the hepatic veins, occupies the central position in the classic liver lobule. The endothelial cells of the vein contain organelles showing secretory modality and are supported by a thin wall containing collagenous matrix and a layer of myofibroblasts. Perivenous hepatocytes differ in ultrastructure from periportal heatocytes and stably express glutamine synthetase serving as a reliable biomarker . Central veins are a primary source of Wnt2, Wnt9b and R-spondin3. These angiocrines participate in the cellular-molecular circuitry of the Wnt/s-catenin and R-spondin-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 signaling modules associated with perivenous hepatocytes. These modules regulate hepatic metabolic zonation and perivenous gene expression. The structures of the molecules of these signaling pathways have been elucidated. Expression of glutamine synthetase and cytochrome P4502E1 is indicator of s-catenin activity in liver injury and regeneration . The production, transport and secretion of lipidated Wnts in Wnt-producing cells and their passage in the extracellular matrix to contact responder cells have been described. The modes of Wnts and R-spondin3 release from cental vein endothelial cells and passage in the wall matrix to reach perivenous hepatocytes are unknown. GS + , Axin2 + , Tbx3 + , HNF4a + and CPS - perivenous hepatocytes exhibit stem cell properties, subserving homeostatic hepatocyte renewal. The hepatic central vein constitutes an anatomical niche of perivenous hepatocyte stem cells and provides a molecular link to perivenous hepatic biology.
Sickle Cell Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the contributions of intravital studies to the understanding of the vaso-occlusive processes in the Sickle Cell Disease, with emphasis on erythrocytic and microvascular factors. Sickle cell disease was the first monogenic disease described. This disease is caused by a single mutation involving the substitution of a single amino acid at the sixth position of β-chain of normal hemoglobin (HbA) molecule. This single-point mutation leads to the polymerization of the mutant hemoglobin (sickle hemoglobin or HbS) molecule and red cell sickling under deoxygenated conditions. Initially, the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease was ascribed entirely to red cell abnormalities derived from the sickling tendency of red cells (i.e. intracellular polymerization of HbS) that resulted in the occurrence of a painful vaso-occlusive crisis, the hallmark of this disease. This view was largely based on the abnormal in vitro rheological behavior of deoxygenated sickled cells. Sickle cell disease was often characterized as a rheological disease. In fact, the increased red cell rigidity is a major determinant of the flow abnormalities, hemolysis and reduced red cell-life span in this disorder. Nevertheless, the conclusions drawn from the early in vitro rheological studies were largely conjectural without corroborating in vivo observations. Although the painful vaso-occlusive episodes that characterize sickle cell disease cannot propagate without red cell sickling, a growing body of evidence suggests that initial events in vaso-occlusion involve a complex interplay of multiple factors, both polymerization—driven and polymerization independent.
Discrimination, depression, and anxiety among college women in the Trump era

This research examines the association between racial/ethnic discrimination and mental health among women university students in light of the increase in racially motivated hate crimes since the 20...
A Fast and Flexible Projector-Camera Calibration System

Existing projector-camera calibration methods typically warp keypoints from a camera image to a projector image using estimated homographies and often suffer from errors in camera parameters and noises due to imperfect planarity of the calibration target. This article proposes a practical and robust projector-camera calibration system that explicitly deals with these challenges. First, a graph-theory-based correspondence algorithm is built on top of a color-coded spatial structured light (SL) pattern. Such SL correspondences are then used for a coarse projector-camera calibration. To gain more robustness against noises from an imperfect planar calibration board, we develop a bundle adjustment algorithm to jointly optimize the estimated projector-camera parameters and the correspondences’ coordinates. Moreover, our system requires only one shot of an SL pattern for each calibration board pose, which is much more practical than multishot solutions. Comprehensive experimental validation is conducted on both synthetic and real data sets, and our method clearly outperforms the existing methods in all experiments. For the benefit of the society, a practical open-source software with graphical user interface (GUI) of the developed system is publicly available at https://github.com/bingyaohuang/single-shot-pro-cam-calib . Note to Practitioners —The proposed method is motivated by two challenges in industrial structured light (SL) system calibration: 1) robustness against imperfect planarity of the calibration target and 2) the number of SL projections per pose. In many industrial SL-based 3-D reconstruction systems, the calibration accuracy greatly affects the reconstruction reliability. Our SL calibration system explicitly deals with calibration target’s imperfect planarity and thus outperforms the existing methods in terms of system accuracy. Another advantage of our SL calibration system is single-shot-per-pose, allowing fast recalibration and reducing the decoding error due to slight pattern misalignment in multishot methods [37] . In addition, we release the open-source calibration software with a graphical user interface (GUI), with which calibration and sparse 3-D reconstruction can be easily performed without any further instructions. Moreover, considering the complex calibration environment and setup, we make the camera and projector imaging parameters, such as exposure, brightness, and contrast, adjustable through widgets and preview. Finally, a limitation of our color-coded SL system is its sensitivity to environment lighting and target texture. This problem may be solved by projector photometric compensation [16] , [18] , [19] , [39] .
Abstract 5230: Real-time monitoring of PROTAC and molecular glue targeted degradation in living cells

The emergence of targeted protein degradation as a broad, new therapeutic modality has greatly expanded the opportunities for treatments of many diseases. Currently, small molecule degrader compounds fall under two major categories; molecular glues and heterobifunctional PROTACs. The two types of compounds both facilitate and induce a ternary complex consisting of an E3 ligase-degrader-target protein, bringing into proximity the machinery proteins required to ubiquitinate and ultimately degrade the target protein. Significant challenges exist in characterization and rank-ordering of degradation compounds in live cells given the differences in dynamics of protein loss and recovery among compounds. Currently, the availability of technologies to interrogate real-time protein degradation is severely lacking. Here, we present a live-cell, luminescence-based technology platform with these capabilities. We employ CRISPR/Cas9 endogenous tagging of target proteins with the small peptide, HiBiT, which has high affinity for and can complement with the LgBiT protein to produce NanoBiT luminescence. This allows for sensitive detection of endogenous protein levels in living cells, and can also serve as a BRET energy donor to study protein:protein or protein:small molecule interactions. We demonstrate the power of this technology in continuous 24-hour monitoring of endogenous target protein levels, and the ability to quantify key degradation parameters for compound ranking including rate, Dmax, and DMax50. We further show the ability to measure the mechanistic steps important for the degradation including kinetics of PROTAC- or molecular glue-induced ternary complex formation and target ubiquitination. These studies facilitate discernment of individual parameters required for successful degradation, ultimately enabling chemical design strategies for optimization and rank ordering of therapeutic degradation compounds. Citation Format: Neal C. Cosby, Kristin M. Riching, Sarah Mahan, Elizabeth A. Caine, Danette L. Daniels, Marjeta Urh. Real-time monitoring of PROTAC and molecular glue targeted degradation in living cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5230.
Stories that can't be told by SNPs; DNA methylation variation in plant populations

Epigenetic variation has been observed in many plant populations. This variation can influence qualitative and quantitative traits. A key question is whether there is novel information in the epigenome that is not captured by SNP-based genetic markers. The answer likely varies depending on the sources and stability of epigenetic variation as well as the type of population being studied. We consider the epigenetic variation in several plant systems and how this relates to potential for hidden information that could increase our understanding of phenotypic variation.
Devastating Lung Injury with Distinct Histopathology Secondary to E-Cigarette Use

ENDS (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems) have achieved remarkable popularity with children and adolescents in recent years. Additionally, and perhaps most disturbingly, a 2013 survey found there to be fewer social and behavioral risk factors associated with ENDS use in comparison to conventional cigarette use, suggesting that …
To Unknow Palestine: A Conclusion

Despite all that is known and proven about the oppression of Palestinians, their position has become weaker and more inconsequential over time. Looking beyond the more obvious political explanations, this chapter examines another lesser understood but equally compelling reason for why the production of so much knowledge—evidence and data—has failed fundamentally to improve conditions for Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza and the possibility of a meaningful resolution to the conflict.
Role of Family in Refugee Adjustment: Experiences of Hmong, Somali, and Syrian Refugees in the USA

Compared to other immigrants, refugees often face unique challenges and higher levels of trauma due to their abrupt migration. When resettling in a new country, refugees may continue to face trauma, including race-based trauma, which impacts their overall well-being and adjustment. Despite the vast literature on trauma and refugees, few studies have examined the positive role of family in refugee adjustment. Using a qualitative approach, the current study explores the role of family and support from family members in refugee adjustment. Forty participants across three refugee groups (Hmong, Syrian, and Somali) were interviewed in their language of choice. Using thematic analysis, we found four overarching themes: family social support, sense of belonging in the family, family centrality, and ethnic community as an extension of the family and a source of strength. Across the three groups, various forms of support from family members were cited as playing a prominent role in their adjustment. We found how important it was for participants to feel like they belong in their community; those who lacked biological family members sought support and connections in their wider ethnic community (e.g., neighborhoods). Our findings also suggest families playing a key role as many discussed how their lives and daily routines revolved around their families. We propose that future research should focus on examining the role of family as a resource, in refugee adjustment, and include perspectives from several family members.
Investing in a cryptocurrency price bubble: speculative Ponzi schemes and cyclic stochastic price pumps

The problem of investing into a cryptocurrency market requires good understanding of the processes that regulate the price of the currency. In this paper we offer a view of a cryptocurrency market as self-organized speculative Ponzi scheme that operates on the platform of a price bubble spontaneously created by traders. The synergy between investors and traders creates an interesting dynamical patterns of the price and systematic risk of the system. We use microscale, agent-based models to simulate the system behavior and derive macroscale ODE models to estimate such parameters as the return rate and total value of investments. We provide the formula for the total risk of the system as a sum of two independent components, one being characteristic of the price bubble and the other of the investor behavior.
Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) Simulations of Lid-Driven Cavity Flow—Part 1: Comparison with URANS and LES

Multiple-resolution simulations of lid-driven cavity flows at Reynolds number of 10,000 are performed at two cavity aspect ratios (SAR) of 3:1:1 and 1:1:1. The objective is to assess the LES (Large eddy simulations), URANS (unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) and PANS (partially-averaged Navier-Stokes) results against available experimental data. All of the approaches reasonably capture the mean flow velocity field for this low Reynolds number case. It is also shown that the second moments are rather small. Therefore, turbulence, while present, does not profoundly affect the mean flow statistics. It is shown that much of the flow unsteadiness is due to large scale structures that are reasonably resolved even in the URANS computation. It is expected that the distinction between the computations of different degrees of fidelity will be evident only at much higher Reynolds numbers.
History Lean: The Reconciliation of Private Property and Representative Government

The question of proper interpretation is a constant theme of legal analysis. The problems can arise with ordinary contracts, with statutes and administrative rules, and of course, with constitutions, including our own. Martin Flaherty's examination of three possible theories of constitutional interpretation'-those of Bruce Ackerman, Cass Sunstein, and myself-adds an instructive chapter to the ongoing debate over the proper understanding of our own Constitution. His critique of my work targets two of my writings on property rights and economic liberties-my article, "Toward a Revitalization of the Contract Clause,"2 and my book Taking-s3-while ignoring other writings in which I make somewhat greater use of historical sources.4 His learned attack sounds a theme familiar to many historians: the unruly complexity of historical experience cannot be accurately or fully captured in a few pet phrases, and it is not possible to do justice to the historical sources by using history to avoid the need for historical inquiry.5 Rather, the historian should read widely in the literature and dig hard at the primary sources in order to make sense of the cross currents of political and social thought that molded the Constitution. His insistence upon this method stands in sharp contrast to my own preferred view of constitutional interpretation, one that lays little stress upon the historical debates that led up to the adoption of the Constitution, and directs far more attention to specific constitutional language and to overall constitutional structure. In taking this position, I have no desire to suppress evidence that is hostile to my position, or to rely on evidence that selectively bolsters that position, some of which is presented
Contact angles on molecular solids

Abstract Advancing contact angles on flat, polycrystalline ice are reported for a number of liquids at −5°C. Depending on which series of liquids is utilized, the critical surface tension for ice surface may be found to be about 29 dynes/cm or above 40 dynes/cm. Advancing angles for carbon disulfide on the basal plane of single-crystal ice are also given for the temperature range −5°C to −50°C and show a constant temperature coefficient of 0.35°/°C. The contact angle at −5°C, 42°, suggests that the ice surface is liquid like, but the linear temperature dependence does not permit the locating of any point down to −50°C at which change to a rigid surface structure would appear to occur. These two sets of apparently dichotomous behavior as well as that of ice as an adsorbent for vapors are explained in terms of whether or not a given liquid or adsorbed vapor restructures the ice surface in the temperature range where the latter is mobile. Class A liquids, which include carbon disulfide and halobenzenes, are inert with respect to such action, whereas class B liquids, which include alkanes and chloroalkanes, are surface restructuring. The distinguishing features of class A and B liquids are discussed briefly.
Community Intervention Trials

Few research approaches have dominated the landscape of epidemiologic investigation as have intervention trial methods. Over the past four decades, numerous refinements have been made to the methods used to define the efficacy of public health and clinical strategies, from drugs to behavioral interventions. In contrast to observational methods, intervention studies or trials strive to demonstrate, to the extent possible, causal associations between the public health strategy and the health outcome under investigation. Community intervention trials aim to measure the feasibility, efficacy, or effectiveness of a putative public health strategy, beyond the confines of clinical facilities, in the free-living populations where these strategies are likely to be implemented. The evidence generated by robust, rigorous, sometimes randomized, controlled community intervention trials often serves as the basis for the design and implementation of public health programs. Keywords: causation; epidemiology; evidence; methodology; quantitative methods
Luciano (2009) Icaromenippo o l’uomo sopra le nuvole

Luciano di Samosata (2009) Icaromenippo o l’uomo sopra le nuvole. Traduccion, introduccion y notas de Alberto Camerotto. Alessandria. Edizioni dell’Orso. 143+8 pp. ISBN: 978-88-6274-099-9.
10 Transposon Tagging I: A Novel System for Monitoring Protein Production, Function and Localization

Publisher Summary The use of transposons allows the rapid construction of a large number of the alleles of a gene of interest. Transposon insertion libraries can be used for both the mutagenesis and identification of genes regulated by particular growth conditions and strain backgrounds. This chapter presents an overview of a newly developed multipurpose transposon mutagenesis system that allows the monitoring of protein production, function, and localization in yeast. The system uses two basic types of transposon, designated as mTn-3×HA/lacZ and mTn 3×HA/GFP. The transposon system was tested by the mutagenesis of several individual yeast genes. The HAT tag was successfully used to analyze the localization of the Spa2, Arp100, and Sao1 proteins. The new transposons expand the repertoire of insertions that may be generated to include GFT fusions and epitope tags. It is expected that shuttle mutagenesis will continue to be an important tool for the characterization of individual genes and their products and for systematic analysis of the entire yeast genome.
IKNOW: A Tool to Assist and Study the Creation, Maintenance, and Dissolution of Knowledge Networks

The introduction of new communication and information technologies in work communities has primarily been used to create new channels of communication and/or reduce the cost of communication among members in the workplace. Ironically, the prevasiveness of electronic communication media in virtual work communities make it increasingly difficult for individuals to discern social structures. Fortunately, information technologies that are responsible for triggering this problem can also be used to overcome these obstacles. Because information transacted over electronic media such as the Web can be stored in digital form, a new generation of software called "collaborative filters" or "communityware" (Contractor, O'Keefe, & Jones, 1997; Kautz, selman, & Shah, 1997) can be used to make visible the work communities' virtual social structure. One such tool, IKNOW (Inquiring Knowledge Networks On the Web; http://iknow.spcomm.uiue.edu/), has been designed by a team of UIUC researchers to assist individuals to search the arganization's databased to automatically answer questions about the organization's knowledge network, that is, "Who knows what?" as well as questions about the organization's cognitive knowledge networks, that is, "Who knows who know what?" within the organization. Unlike traditional web search engines that help an individual search for content on the web, tools such as IKNOW search for content and contacts (direct and indirect). In addition to being instantly beneficial to users, they also provide the researcher with an opportunity to unobtrusively and reliably study the influence of communityware on the co-evolution of knowledge networks.
Optimisation of Spirulina platensis convective drying: evaluation of phycocyanin loss and lipid oxidation

Summary The aim of the study was the optimisation of Spirulina platensis drying on convective hot air through the response surface methodology. The responses were thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and phycocyanin loss percentage values in final product. Experiments were carried out in perforated tray drier with parallel air flow, and the wet samples thickness and drying air temperatures were in range of 3–7 mm and 50–70 °C, respectively. The statistical analysis showed significant effect (P 0.05) in relation to fresh biomass. The lipid profile of dried product presented high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (34.4%), especially the gamma-linolenic acid (20.6%).
Chaperoning of glucocorticoid receptors.

A multiprotein hsp90/hsp70-based chaperone machinery functions as a ‘cradleto-grave’ system for regulating the steroid binding, trafficking and turnover of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In an ATP-dependent process where hsp70 and hsp90 act as essential chaperones and Hop, hsp40, and p23 act as nonessential co-chaperones, the machinery assembles complexes between the ligand binding domain of the GR and hsp90. During GR-hsp90 heterocomplex assembly, the hydrophobic ligand-binding cleft is opened to access by steroid, and subsequent binding of steroid within the cleft triggers a transformation of the receptor such that it engages in more dynamic cycles of assembly/disassembly with hsp90 that are required for rapid dynein-dependent translocation to the nucleus. Within the nucleus, the hsp90 chaperonemachinery plays a critical role both in GR movement to transcription regulatory sites and in the disassembly of regulatory complexes as the hormone level declines. The chaperone machinery also pays a critical role in stabilization of the GR to ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. The initial GR interaction with hsp70 appears to be critical for the triage between hsp90 heterocomplex assembly and preservation of receptor function vs CHIP-dependent ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. The hsp90 chaperone machinery is ubiquitous and functionally conserved among eukaryotes, and it is possible that all physiologically significant actions of hsp90 require the hsp70-dependent assembly of client protein-hsp90 heterocomplexes.
Suprapubic cystotomy by trocar catheter: a preliminary report.

Abstract Recurrent problems with small-bore suprapubic catheters have prompted development of a larger bore (Fr. 12 and 16) catheter, which is simple in design and in use. The new vinyl catheter contains a needle-sharp steel trocar within the lumen and is held in the bladder by both an inflatable balloon and a skin-fixation ring. Early experience with the use of this catheter in 86 patients undergoing repair of cystourethrocele has been encouraging.
Neuroimaging in Secondary Headache Disorders

A secondary headache may develop de novo or in patients with a history of primary headaches, and a thorough history and neurological exam often helps to suspect a secondary etiology. The causes of secondary headaches include tumors, vascular etiologies, structural brain disorders, infection, inflammation, and alterations of cerebrospinal fluid pressure dynamics. Computed tomography (CT) is very sensitive for detecting acute hemorrhage but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is preferred over a head CT in subacute and non–emergent cases. Obtaining the correct diagnosis may include incorporation of intravenous contrast agents, special imaging sequences, and functional imaging techniques.
Low-frequency noise spectra in MOSFETs made by the DMOS process

Low-frequency spectra of SD-211 and SD-212 made by the DMOS process are reported they show 1fβ spectra with β = 1 at low frequencies and β = 0.76–0.85 at high frequencies. At dry ice temperature a spectrum 1f0.55 appears at high frequencies which may indicate a one-dimensional diffusion noise process. At liquid nitrogen temperature the spectrum is 1f1.0 throughout; apparently the spectral components 1fβ with β < 1 have been frozen out. This may indicate that these spectral components are associated with ions or dislocations.
Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid Cloning and Enzymatic Characterization of a Novel 17β/3α-Hydroxysteroid/Retinoid Short Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase1

17Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17betaHSDs) convert androgens and estrogens between their active and inactive forms, whereas retinol dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion between retinol and retinal. Retinol dehydrogenases function in the visual cycle, in the generation of the hormone retinoic acid, and some also act on androgens. Here we report cloning and expression of a complementary DNA that encodes a new mouse liver microsomal member of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily and its enzymatic characterization, i.e. 17betaHSD9. Although 17betaHSD9 shares 88% amino acid identity with rat 17betaHSD6, its closest homolog, the two differ in substrate specificity. In contrast to other 17betaHSD, 17betaHSD9 has nearly equivalent activities as a 17betaHSD (with estradiol approximately = adiol) and as a 3alphaHSD (with adiol approximately = androsterone). It also recognizes retinol as substrate and represents in part the NAD+-dependent liver microsomal dehydrogenase that uses unbound retinol, but not retinol complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein. Thus, this enzyme has catalytic properties that overlap with two subgroups of SDR, 17betaHSD and retinol dehydrogenases. Inactivation of estrogen and a variety of androgens seems to be its most probable function. Because of its apparent inability to access retinol bound with cellular retinol-binding protein, a function in the pathway of retinoic acid biosynthesis seems less obvious. These data provide additional insight into the enzymology of estrogen, androgen, and retinoid metabolism and illustrate how closely related members of the SDR superfamily can have strikingly different substrate specificities.
Performance of VANET safety message broadcast at rural intersections

This paper develops a new analytic model for the performance and reliability analysis of safety-related message broadcast in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) at rural intersections. First, a semi-Markov process (SMP) model for characterizing channel behavior of IEEE 802.11 based VANET is deployed to interact with the M/G/1 queue through fixed-point iteration. Then, the mean transmission delay between two nodes is derived. Furthermore, given two communicating nodes placed at the same intersection, the node reception probability that a node successfully receives the broadcast message from a sending node is computed. Consequently, the packet reception ratios are derived through integration of the node reception probabilities over the intended range of the sending node. The analytical model takes intersection geometry, IEEE 802.11 backoff counter process, hidden terminal problem, and non-saturated message arrival into account. From the obtained numerical results under various network parameters, the new model is validated and new observations are obtained.
5-HT2A receptor antagonism potentiates haloperidol-induced dopamine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex and inhibits that in the nucleus accumbens in a dose-dependent manner

Combined serotonin (5-HT)2A and dopamine (DA) D2 blockade has been shown to contribute to the ability of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) to increase DA release in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We provide additional support for this hypothesis by examining the effect of the selective 5-HT2A antagonist M100907 plus haloperidol, a potent D2 antagonist APD, on DA release in the mPFC and nucleus accumbens (NAC). Haloperidol (0.01–1.0 mg/kg) produced an inverted U-shaped increase in DA release in the mPFC, with a significant increase only at 0.1 mg/kg. Haloperidol (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) significantly increased DA release in the NAC. M100907 (0.1 mg/kg) by itself had no effect on DA release in either region. This dose of M100907 potentiated the ability of low (0.01–0.1 mg/kg), but not high dose (0.3–1.0 mg/kg) haloperidol to increase mPFC DA release, whereas it abolished the effect of both 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg haloperidol on NAC DA release. These results suggest that the relatively higher ratio of 5-HT2A to D2 antagonism may contribute to the potentiation of haloperidol-induced mPFC DA release, whereas 5-HT2A antagonism can diminish haloperidol-induced NAC DA release, even when combined with extensive D2 antagonism, which may not be synergistic with 5-HT2A antagonism in the mPFC.
A steady separated viscous corner flow

An example is presented of a separated flow in an unbounded domain in which, as the Reynolds number becomes large, the separated region remains of size 0(1) and tends to a non-trivial Prandtl-Batchelor flow. The multigrid method is used to obtain rapid convergence to the solution of the discretized Navier-Stokes equations at Reynolds numbers of up to 5000. Extremely fine grids and tests of an integral property of the flow ensure accuracy. The flow exhibits the separation of a boundary layer with ensuing formation of a downstream eddy and reattachment of a free shear layer. The asymptotic (’triple deck’) theory of laminar separation from a leading edge, due to Sychev (1979), is clarified and compared to the numerical solutions. Much better qualitative agreement is obtained than has been reported previously. Together with a plausible choice of two free parameters, the data can be extrapolated to infinite Reynolds number, giving quantitative agreement with triple-deck theory with errors of 20% or less. The development of a region of constant vorticity is observed in the downstream eddy, and the global infinite-Reynolds-number limit is a Prandtl-Batchelor flow; however, when the plate is stationary, the occurrence of secondary separation suggests that the limiting flow contains an infinite sequence of eddies behind the separation point. Secondary separation can be averted by driving the plate, and in this case the limit is a single-vortex Prandtl-Batchelor flow of the type found by Moore, Saffman & Tanveer (1988); detailed, encouraging comparisons are made to the vortex-sheet strength and position. Altering the boundary condition on the plate gives viscous eddies that approximate different members of the family of inviscid solutions.
Immediate and Long-Term Results of Carotid Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic High-Grade Stenosis

We examined the operative risks and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic patients in terms of stroke, death, and recurrent stenosis. The results of a nonrandomized study with a follow-up of 1 to 104 months (mean 46 months) is reported. A tertiary referral center served as the setting for this report. One hundred consecutive patients with severe but asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis out of a total of 514 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were entered into this study. The severity of carotid disease was determined by duplex scanning and confirmed arteriographically. No patients were lost to follow-up after surgery. Eighty-nine operations (77%) were done under cervical block anesthesia and all arteries were closed with saphenous vein patches. Life-table analysis showed that the stroke-free rate at 5 years was 96.3% with an ipsilateral stroke-free rate of 98.2%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 78.2% with a stroke-free survival rate of 75%. Carotid endarterectomy can be performed safely for asymptomatic patients believed to be at risk for stroke. The potential for early death due to myocardial disease, late stroke, and recurrent stenosis do not justify advising patients against undergoing prophylactic carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic high-grade stenosis.
YRA1 Autoregulation Requires Nuclear Export and Cytoplasmic Edc3p-Mediated Degradation of Its Pre-mRNA

Autoregulatory loops often provide precise control of the level of expression of specific genes that encode key regulatory proteins. Here we have defined a pathway by which Yra1p, a yeast mRNA export factor, controls its own expression. We show that YRA1 exon 1 sequences in cis and Yra1p in trans inhibit YRA1 pre-mRNA splicing and commit the pre-mRNA to nuclear export. Mex67p and Crm1p jointly promote YRA1 pre-mRNA export, and once in the cytoplasm, the pre-mRNA is degraded by a 5' to 3' decay mechanism that is dependent on the decapping activator Edc3p and on specific sequences in the YRA1 intron. These results illustrate how common steps in the nuclear processing, export, and degradation of a transcript can be uniquely combined to control the expression of a specific gene and suggest that Edc3p-mediated decay may have additional regulatory functions in eukaryotic cells.
Bradycardia Associated with Intravenous Methadone Administered for Sedation in a Patient with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The use of low tidal volumes with permissive hypercapnia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome may require heavy sedation to allow them to tolerate mechanical ventilation. Administration of methadone for sedation is an alternative to using other opioids, given its longer elimination half-life and incomplete cross-tolerance with other mu-receptor-active opioids. Methadone appears to have a molecular structure similar to that of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, and may exhibit similar cardiac properties as well. A 43-year-old man with acute respiratory distress syndrome experienced bradycardia while receiving a continuous infusion of methadone for sedation and mechanical ventilation management. This case report demonstrates that caution is warranted when high dosages of methadone are administered because of its potential cardiac effects.
Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy Of Atoms And Molecules

Resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) which is a selective multistep photoionization process using tunable pulsed lasers has pro­ vided a new sensitive method for the study of a variety of processes in chemical physics. These include the selective detection of very small numbers of atoms and molecules, thus providing very sensitive probes of trace pollutants, chemical reactions, diffusion, and density fluctuations. Also RIS proved to be far more sensitive than the conventional absorp­ tion or fluorescence methods for the study of binary atomic collisions. The extra sensitivity allows the investigation on the far wing of optically thin samples where the high density and high temperature effects (dimer absorption, three body effects, and self broadening), are essentially eliminated. In particular the method will be crucial in studies of S-S and S-D transitions.
Method of arithmetical thresholding of images

A new concept of weighted thresholding is considered and a new set-theoretical representation of signals and images is described, that can be used for design of new nonlinear and morphological filters. Such representation maps many operations of nonbinary signal and image processing to the union of simple operations over the binary signals. The weighted thresholding is invariant under the morphological transformation, including such basic operations as the erosion and dilation. The main idea of using the weighted thresholding is in the choice of a special few levels of thresholding on which we can process the signals and images. We focus on the arithmetical weighted thresholding, but other thresholding, including the geometrical, probability-based, and the so-called Fibonacci series based thresholding, are also considered. Properties of these kinds of thresholding are described. Experimental results show that the weighted thresholding is very promising and can be used for many applications, such as image enhancement and edge detection.
Laser-textured silicon photodiode with broadband spectral response

A femtosecond-laser-textured Si photodetector is reported. Broadband spectral optical response is detected from UV to NIR. A quantum efficiency of greater than 80% from 490 nm to 780 nm has been achieved. The quantum efficiency at 245 nm is 62%, which is comparable to UV-enhanced Si photodiodes. The bandwidth of a 250-μm-diameter device is 60 MHz.
Metabolomics cuts to the chase to chase the cuts.

Peptidases are enzymes that trim small protein fragments called peptides to regulate their biological functions. A new method opens the door to chasing down and identifying important cutting events mediated by peptidases involved in metabolic regulation.
CONSTRUCTION OF OPEN SHELL PERTURBATION THEORY

Abstract Various forms of multi-reference perturbation theory, including our recently suggested ‘invariant’ form are compared for some diatomic supermolecules. While the ‘invariant’ zeroth-order Hamiltonian is not the direct sum of the zeroth-order fragment Hamiltonians, the size consistency errors in the final energies from using it often are no worse than for the other methods for the examples considered here.
In vivo functional human imaging using photoacoustic microscopy: response to ischemic and thermal stimuli

We report results of two in vivo functional human imaging experiments using photoacoustic microscopy. In Experiment 1, the hemodynamic response to an ischemic event was measured. The palm of a volunteer was imaged and a single cross-section was monitored while periodic arterial occlusions were administered using a blood pressure cuff wrapped around the upper arm and inflated to ~280 mmHg. Significant relative decreases in oxygen saturation (sO_2) and total hemoglobin (HbT) were observed during periods of ischemia. Upon release of the occlusion, significant relative increases in sO_2 and HbT due to post-occlusive reactive hyperemia were recorded. Experiment 2 explored the vascular response to a local, external thermal stimulus. Thermal hyperemia is a common physiological phenomenon and thermoregulation function in which blood flow to the skin is increased to more efficiently exchange heat with the ambient environment. The forearm of a volunteer was imaged and a single cross-section was monitored while the imaged surface was exposed to an elevated temperature of ~46°C. Due to thermal hyperemia, relative increases in sO_2 and HbT were measured as the temperature of the surface was raised. These results may contribute as clinically relevant measures of vascular functioning for detection and assessment of vascular related diseases.
Passive Earth Pressure Mobilization during Cyclic Loading

The passive resistance measured in a series of full-scale tests on a pile cap is compared with existing theories. Four different soils were selected as backfill in front of the pile cap and the load-deflection relationships under cyclic loading were investigated. The log spiral theory provided the best agreement with the measured passive resistance. The Rankine theory significantly underestimated the passive force, while the Coulomb theory generally overestimated the resistance. The displacement necessary to mobilize the maximum passive force was compared with previous model and full-scale tests and ranged from 3.0 to 5.2% of the cap height. A hyperbolic model provided the best agreement with the measured backbone passive resistance curve compared with recommendations given by Caltrans and the U.S. Navy. However, this model overestimated the passive resistance for cyclic loading conditions due to the formation of a gap between the pile cap and backfill soil and backfill stiffness reduction. Based on the test results, the cyclic-hyperbolic model is developed to define load-deflection relationships for both virgin and cyclic loading conditions with the presence of a gap.
The effects of gender, masculinity-femininity and trait favorability on evaluations of students

Abstract In order to test whether sex role stereotypes are caused by gender per se or by assumptions that favorable or unfavorable masculine or feminine traits are associated with gender, both male and female college students were asked to read and evaluate fictitious descriptions of high school students. These descriptions varied with respect to gender of the fictitious student and the masculinity-femininity and favorability of the adjectives used to describe him or her. Ratings of the students on the masculine-feminine dimension indicated a successful manipulation; those on the other dependent variables indicated that few effects due solely to sex of subject or sex of student described were found. Students with favorable traits were rated more highly on all variables, and those with masculine traits were expected to get higher grades, do better in college, and be more intelligent but to be liked less well by teachers and cause more trouble than those with feminine traits. Tendencies to have more positive expectations for opposite sex students and to see masculine boys as more popular were also found. Apparently gender has less effect on evaluations than does either masculinity or trait favorability.
Management of acute ischemic stroke: current status of pharmacological and mechanical endovascular methods.

Abstract Objective: To provide the current strategies of acute stroke management using pharmacological and interventional endovascular modalities. Methods: Review of the literature for publications in English language literature on endovascular pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis and clot retrieval. Results: Aggressive management protocols have yielded therapeutic windows for effective reperfusion of ischemic brain in acute cerebral hypoperfusion/stroke. Starting with intravenous infusion of thrombolytics, which still remains to be the best feasible treatment for acute stroke management, recent advances in neuron imaging made it possible to utilize emergency cerebral angiographic evaluation of intracranial vessels followed by therapeutic measure that could be pharmacological or mechanical intervention. Intra-arterial clot lysis under image guidance combined with intravenous administration of thrombolytic is rapidly evolving with encouraging results. Microcatheters and endovascular appliances teste...
Food, water and ethanol consumption by rats under a fixed-interval schedule of food presentation

Abstract Rats could lever press 24 hours a day for 97 mg food pellets under a fixed-interval (FI) 90 second schedule. During the first 4 days, an ethanol solution was the only available fluid, after which both water and ethanol solutions were available. At ethanol concentrations (w/v) of 5%, 7.5% and 10%, total caloric intake and total fluid intake remained constant, while ethanol consumption was inversely proportional to the concentration of the solution. When the FI 90 s schedule was changed to FI 45 s, or to FI 180 s, there were only small changes in total caloric intake, total fluid intake and in percentages of total fluid consumptipn and total caloric intake as ethanol. The data suggest that the intake of ethanol under this fixed-interval schedule depends more on the ethanol concentration than on the calories obtained from ethanol drinking.