cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“How Come Boys Get to Keep Their Noses?” Women and Jewish American Identity in Contemporary Graphic Memoirs

Comics, and their descendants the visual narratives, used to be considered the children of a lesser literary god. Twenty-five years of scholarship on the subject of comics, cartoons and graphic tex...
The application of primary trisomics and transposon-induced mutations in genetic studies of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)

53 INTRODUCTION 54 MATERIALS AND METHODS 56 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 58 LITERATURE CITED 62 SECTION III. GENETIC ANALYSES OF THREE 71 CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT MUTANTS DERIVED FROM A SOYBEAN POPULATION CONTAINING A TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT ABSTRACT 73
Change Detection and Object Recognition Using Aerial Robots

This work proposes a strategy for autonomous change detection and classification using aerial robots. For aerial robotic missions that were conducted in different spatio–temporal conditions, the pose–annotated camera data are first compared for similarity in order to identify the correspondence map among the different image sets. Then efficient feature matching techniques relying on binary descriptors are used to estimate the geometric transformations among the corresponding images, and subsequently perform image subtraction and filtering to robustly detect change. To further decrease the computational load, the known poses of the images are used to create local subsets within which similar images are expected to be found. Once change detection is accomplished, a small set of the images that present the maximum levels of change are used to classify the change by searching to recognize a list of known objects through a bag–of–features approach. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using both handheld–smartphone collected data, as well as experiments using an aerial robot.
Compression Myelopathy due to Tophaceous Gout

This is a condition of compression myelopathy secondary to gouty tophus, usually associated with hyperuricemia, which is uncontrolled for a long time leading supersaturation of tissue fluids.
Correction: Programmable RNA microstructures for coordinated delivery of siRNAs

Correction for ‘Programmable RNA microstructures for coordinated delivery of siRNAs’ by Jaimie Marie Stewart et al., Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 17542–17550.
Dose reduction for fluoroscopically guided injections: phantom simulation and patient procedures

To demonstrate fluoroscopy dose reduction through both simulated injections on a phantom and patient injections. Our study was IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant. Simulation on a phantom was used to estimate effective dose, entrance dose, and organ doses for hip joint injections without and with dose minimization technique (DMT). Additionally, 1,094 joint, bursae, and tendon sheath injections performed by three operators in the same fluoroscopy suite were evaluated both before and after application of DMT. Fluoroscopy time (FT), dose, and dose area product (DAP) of injections were compared using unpaired t-tests with P > 0.05 considered statistically significant. For the phantom simulation comparing injections without DMT and with DMT, the total DAP was 191.7 vs 18.7 μGy·m2, and the entrance dose was 10.2 vs 3.6 mGy, respectively. For both men and women, DMT reduces effective dose and organ doses. For all injections, the FT (0.7 to 0.2 min), dose (5.6 to 1.9 mGy), and DAP (56.9 to 19.1 μGy·m2) for all three operators decreased with DMT and remained statistically significant when stratified by the two most common injections, glenohumeral and hip joint injections (P < 0.05). FT, effective dose, entrance dose, and DAP can be reduced with the use of simple easy-to-learn techniques, which will benefit both the patient and the radiologist.
Rule of Law and Avoided Deforestation from Protected Areas

Abstract Global efforts to protect biodiversity and slow deforestation rely heavily on the establishment of protected areas; land set aside that cannot be deforested or developed. This paper studies the macro-level relationship between rule of law and variation in avoided deforestation from protected areas. Using recent global satellite data from 2000 to 2012, I estimate the country-level avoided deforestation of protected areas established in this period via nearest-neighbor matching. I then use weighted least-squares regressions to explain country-level variation in estimated avoided deforestation as a function of a country’s governance characteristics as well as other country-level controls. Across 71 countries in this study period, protected areas were more effective in countries with higher levels of corruption control and protection of property rights, protected areas were more effective in more democratic countries, and there appears to be no relationship between political stability and avoided deforestation from protected areas.
Prosocial Leadership, Religious Motivation, and Global Stewardship

This chapter considers the interconnections between prosocial leadership, religious motivation, and stewardship. Prosocial leaders, as defined by Ewest T (Prosocial leadership: understanding and developing prosocial behavior in individuals and organizations. Palgrave McMillian. Publication Pending, London, 2017b), are servant leaders who are motivated by and respond to their own empathy and, without regard to punishment or reward, act altruistically to improve the welfare of those they serve. Prosocial leaders are central to developing stewards who are holistic leaders that lead themselves, their fellow employees, and their organizations to financial, social, and environmental sustainability. This prosocial orientation sometimes comes at a cost to these leaders as they sacrifice personal goals to enable those they lead to reach new levels of success.
Enabling An New Era of Brain-inspired Computing: Energy-efficient Spiking Neural Network with Ring Topology

The reservoir computing, an emerging computing paradigm, has proven its benefit to multifarious applications. In this work, we successfully designed and fabricated an analog delayed feedback reservoir (DFR) chip. Measurement results demonstrate its rich dynamic behaviors and high energy efficiency. System performance, as well as the robustness, are evaluated. The application of video frame recognition is investigated using a hybrid neural network, which employs the multilayer perceptron (MLP) training model as the readout layer of our designed DFR system, and yields 98% classification accuracy. Compared to results of using the MLP training only, our hybrid training model exhibits much higher recognition rate and accuracy.
Former U.S. Department of Agriculture/Commodity Credit Corporation Grain Bin Project

Carbon tetrachloride has not been used as a grain fumigant for nearly 16 years, yet it has recently been detected in soils and groundwater at many locations in Region VII. This project has conducted sampling activities at 829 locations in the four states that make up this region. A total of 130 locations (16%) had detections of carbon tetrachloride in water samples, with 61 (47%) of these with levels exceeding the drinking water standard of five micro grams per liter. Based on the data that has been collected, it is evident that past fumigation practices at former USDA/CCC grain storage facilities has negatively impacted some ground water sources in Region VII.
The Use of Humor to Enrich the Simulated Environment

Humor in simulation is no laughing matter, as this chapter explains. That’s right; this chapter is more about “reining in” your humor than anything else. Humor is best served in small portions, like Godiva truffles, so pick your “insert humor here” moments carefully. We examine three questions—“Should you include humor?” (Yes.) “Should you study humor?” (Yes.) And finally, “Do you always deliver the punch line while answering the third question?” (Take my mannequin, please!) We will actually look at the literature on humor (talk about a laugh a minute!) and see how humor aids the educational process. And we’ll do all this in side-splitting fashion; who knew learning could be so much fun?
Barriers to Lynch Syndrome Testing and Preoperative Result Availability in Early-onset Colorectal Cancer: A National Physician Survey Study

AbstractObjective:Although widely recommended, Lynch syndrome (LS) testing with tumor microsatellite instability (MSI) and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC) is infrequently performed in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), and CRC generally. Reasons are poorly understood. Hence, we conducted a national
Tree-based reinforcement learning for estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are sequences of treatment decision rules, in which treatment may be adapted over time in response to the changing course of an individual. Motivated by the substance use disorder (SUD) study, we propose a tree-based reinforcement learning (T-RL) method to directly estimate optimal DTRs in a multi-stage multi-treatment setting. At each stage, T-RL builds an unsupervised decision tree that directly handles the problem of optimization with multiple treatment comparisons, through a purity measure constructed with augmented inverse probability weighted estimators. For the multiple stages, the algorithm is implemented recursively using backward induction. By combining semiparametric regression with flexible tree-based learning, T-RL is robust, efficient and easy to interpret for the identification of optimal DTRs, as shown in the simulation studies. With the proposed method, we identify dynamic SUD treatment regimes for adolescents.
Unique Views on Obesity-Related Behaviors and Environments: Research Using Still and Video Images.

Objectives: To document challenges to and benefits from research involving the use of images by capturing examples of such research to assess physical activity– or nutrition-related behaviors and/o...
Precarity and Solidarity at Neoliberalism’s Twilight: The Potentials of Transnational Production Autoethnography:

This essay uses autoethnography to illuminate the shifting conditions of global creative and academic labor. By reflecting on my experiences during a 2014 research trip to Manila, the Philippines, ...
Oblique incidence of a plane wave on an inhomogeneously loaded grating of slots in a screen

In this paper, we demonstrate a new method to control the enhanced transmission due to Fabry–Perot resonances through an array of dielectric-loaded slots in a thick metallic screen. We obtain approximate analytical formulas for each polarization (TM and TE) using a mode-matching technique based on the assumption that the slots are small compared to a free-space wavelength and that the metallic screen is a perfect electric conductor as is appropriate for microwave frequency applications. We show that the bandwidth and locations of enhanced transmission can be controlled by the angle of incidence or by making the material filling the slots inhomogeneous. Computational results are given that demonstrate the influence of the angle of incidence on the enhanced transmission bandwidth. We show that the separation between enhanced transmission frequencies can be controlled by introducing a gap within the slot with a different dielectric constant. Also, we illustrate how the total transmission bandwidth can be increased by adjusting the angle of incidence and the gap size.In this paper, we demonstrate a new method to control the enhanced transmission due to Fabry–Perot resonances through an array of dielectric-loaded slots in a thick metallic screen. We obtain approximate analytical formulas for each polarization (TM and TE) using a mode-matching technique based on the assumption that the slots are small compared to a free-space wavelength and that the metallic screen is a perfect electric conductor as is appropriate for microwave frequency applications. We show that the bandwidth and locations of enhanced transmission can be controlled by the angle of incidence or by making the material filling the slots inhomogeneous. Computational results are given that demonstrate the influence of the angle of incidence on the enhanced transmission bandwidth. We show that the separation between enhanced transmission frequencies can be controlled by introducing a gap within the slot with a different dielectric constant. Also, we illustrate how the total transmission bandwidth can be inc...
Nested case-control data analysis using weighted conditional logistic regression in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study: A novel approach.

Background A nested case-control (NCC) design within a prospective cohort study can realize substantial benefits for biomarker studies. In this context, it is natural to consider the sample availability in the selection of controls to minimize data loss when implementing the design. However, this violates the randomness required for selection, and it leads to biased analyses. An inverse probability weighting may improve the analysis, but the current approach using weighted Cox regression fails to maintain the benefits of NCC design. Methods This paper introduces weighted conditional logistic regression. We illustrate our proposed analysis using data recently investigated in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY). Considering the potential data loss, the TEDDY NCC design was moderately selective in its selection of controls. A data-driven simulation study was performed to present the bias correction when a nonrandom control selection was ignored in the analysis. Results The TEDDY data analysis showed that the standard analysis using conditional logistic regression estimated the parameter: -0.015 (-0.023, -0.007). The biased estimate using Cox regression was -0.011 (95% confidence interval: -0.019, -0.003). Weighted Cox regression estimated -0.013 (-0.026, 0.0004). The proposed weighted conditional logistic regression estimated -0.020 (-0.033, -0.007), showing a stronger negative effect size than the one using conditional logistic regression. The simulation study also showed that the standard estimate of β ignoring the nonrandom control selection tends to be greater than the true β (ie, positive relative biases). Conclusion Weighted conditional logistic regression can enhance the analysis by offering flexibility in the selection of controls, while maintaining the matching.
Sickle cell disease in the era of precision medicine: looking to the future.

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia is a Mendelian disease that is noted for the heterogeneity of its clinical expression. Because of this, providing an accurate prognosis has been a longtime quest.Ar...
Mn2FeSi: An antiferromagnetic inverse-Heusler alloy

Abstract Search for low-moment magnetic materials with high spin-polarization is important for emerging spintronics applications. In this work, we have conducted detailed growth and characterization along with complementary first-principles calculations to investigate the structure and magnetism of Mn2FeSi, which is a prospective inverse-Heusler material. We confirm that Mn2FeSi adopts a cubic inverse-Heusler structure, in excellent agreement with theory. The magnetic and resistivity measurements show an antiferromagnetic behavior with a Neel temperature of 48 K, which is consistent with prior experimental reports. We find that a low-moment state with higher ordering temperature (150–200 K) can be stabilized under certain growth conditions. Supporting calculations show that Neel-type antiferromagnetic states are energetically very close to the ferrimagnetic ground state. Our work provides evidence that Mn2FeSi may be interesting for exploring newer applications with low-moment materials, but the ordering temperatures are low for viable practical applications.
Spacetime as a quantum error-correcting code?

Abstract This essay considers an interpretation of the AdS/CFT correspondence under which the bulk and the boundary emerge from a more fundamental discrete system that realizes the structure of an erasure-protection quantum error-correcting code (QECC). I consider the extent to which this view underwrites the claim that spacetime is a QECC (as some authors have suggested), and how it fits into recent schemes of realist interpretations of dualities.
Engaging with Clients’ Requests for Medication Changes in Psychiatry

This chapter explores how psychiatrists and clients negotiate treatment regimens by analyzing how medication decisions unfold when clients with severe mental illnesses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, etc.,) advocate for their treatment preferences. The focus is on how the psychiatrist responds to clients’ requests for changes in their medication regimen, e.g., requests to eliminate or lower dosages of psychotropic medications or to prescribe a new medication. The analysis presents two alternative interactional trajectories clients’ requests for medication changes may engender—a serious engagement with the request and its outright dismissal—and explores interactional practices through which the psychiatrist works to validate clients’ active participation in their care.
The Use of Physical Therapy ICU Assessments to Predict Discharge Home.

Objectives To establish cutoff values for making recommendations for discharge to the home setting using standardized physical therapy assessments. Design Retrospective study. Setting Five ICUs at a large academic medical center. Patients 1,203 ICU patients. Intervention None. Measurements and main results The Functional Status Score for the ICU and the ICU Mobility Scale were collected during the initial physical therapy assessment, at ICU discharge, and prior to hospital discharge. The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care-Inpatient Mobility Short Form "6 clicks" was only collected during the initial physical therapy assessment. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were used to determine a potential cutoff value for discharge home. The Receiver Operating Characteristic was adjusted for ICU and hospital length of stay along with mobility status prior to hospital admission. Cutoff values were then determined by using Youden's Index. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated based on these cut off values. The Functional Status Score for the ICU at ICU discharge was the best predictor of a discharge to the home setting in patients who had an ICU admission. The area under the curve for the Functional Status Score for the ICU at ICU discharge was 0.80. A Functional Status Score for the ICU score at ICU discharge of 19 or higher predicted discharge to home with a sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 73.6% CONCLUSIONS:: The Functional Status Score for the ICU at ICU discharge provided the best accuracy for making a timely recommendation for discharge home in patients who had an ICU admission.
What Individual Investors Should Know about Load Effects on Mutual Fund Risk

I examine the validity of the practice of using hypothetical investment returns from a sample of mutual funds in a selected investment objective classification and comparing total returns to make fund selection. While early research supported this practice by showing that risk is homogeneous within investment objective groups, more recent research suggests that risk is heterogeneous within investment objective groups. Research also suggests that load and no-load funds may exhibit risk differences. I extend the research in this area to examine whether risk is homogeneous within investment classification and heterogeneous between classes. Results reveal that practitioners and investors should be leery of selecting funds based solely on hypothetical investment returns because significant risk differences exist even after controlling for the load structure of the fund.
Use Caution When Assessing Preoperative Leg-Length Discrepancy in Pediatric Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries:

Background:Pre- and postoperative standing hip-to-ankle radiographs are critical for monitoring potential postoperative growth arrest and resultant deformities after pediatric anterior cruciate lig...
Resident Workshop to Improve Inpatient Documentation Using the Progress Note Assessment and Plan Evaluation (PNAPE) Tool.

Introduction Physicians enter residency with varied knowledge regarding the purpose of progress notes and proficiency writing them. The objective of this study was to test whether resident knowledg...
Information rigidity in growth forecasts: Some cross-country evidence

Abstract We document information rigidity in forecasts of real GDP growth in 46 countries over the past two decades. We also investigate: (i) whether rigidities differ across countries, particularly between advanced countries and emerging markets; (ii) whether rigidities are lower around turning points in the economy, such as in times of recessions and crises; and (iii) how quickly forecasters incorporate news about growth in other countries into their growth forecasts, with a focus on the way in which advanced countries’ growth forecasts incorporate news about emerging market growth, and vice versa.
APS: High-Energy X-rays Expediting Applied and Fundamental Research

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) was designed and built as one of the first large third-generation synchrotrons operated at 7 GeV. The United States Department ...
Development of Auditory Cortex Circuits

The ability to process and perceive sensory stimuli is an essential function for animals. Among the sensory modalities, audition is crucial for communication, pleasure, care for the young, and perceiving threats. The auditory cortex (ACtx) is a key sound processing region that combines ascending signals from the auditory periphery and inputs from other sensory and non-sensory regions. The development of ACtx is a protracted process starting prenatally and requires the complex interplay of molecular programs, spontaneous activity, and sensory experience. Here, we review the development of thalamic and cortical auditory circuits during pre- and early post-natal periods.
Are the Outcomes of Low-Income Housing Programs Consistent with their Rationales?

Traditional rationales for low-income housing assistance imply that a housing program is not successful unless it induces recipients to occupy better housing than they would choose if given equally costly cash grants. The general assumptions of economic theory do not imply that current housing programs would lead to that outcome. The few existing studies of this matter are dated and ignore the cost-ineffectiveness of project-based housing assistance. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which different housing programs are consistent with traditional rationales. Based on data from the 2013 American Housing Survey and evidence on the cost-effectiveness of different types of housing assistance, the results indicate that public housing tenants had lower aggregate housing consumption than they would have chosen with equally costly cash grants and most public housing tenants and a substantial minority of recipients of each other type of housing assistance occupied worse housing than they would have chosen with this alternative policy. Indeed, about half of public housing tenants, a third of occupants of HUD-subsidized privately owned projects, and more than a fifth of recipients of the hodgepodge of other programs of project-based housing assistance occupied worse housing and consumed less of other goods and services with their housing assistance than with equally costly cash grants. Of the programs considered, tenant-based housing vouchers induced a larger fraction of recipients to occupy better housing relative to an equally costly cash transfer and provided the greatest increase in the market value of total consumption relative to taxpayer costs than any of the forms of project-based housing assistance. In fact, vouchers outperform project-based assistance across all metrics used in this study.
Amino acid transport by isolated mammalian renal tubules: III. Binding of l-proline by proximal tubule membranes

A particulate, brush border-rich membrane fraction was prepared from isolated rabbit renal tubules by agitation in 5 mM disodium EDTA and differential centrifugation. This membrane fraction bound l-proline. Binding was maximal during the first minute of incubation and reached equilibrium within 5 min. Saturation occurred at medium l-proline concentrations of 75 mM. Binding was inhibited completely by p-chloromercuribenzoate and by thermal denaturation. Deletion of Na+ from the incubation medium reduced binding significantly as did NaCN. Ouabain and 2,4-dinitrophenol, however, had no inhibitory effect on binding. Glycine and l-alanine, known to share renal transport sites with proline, inhibited binding, but l-valine and l-phenylalanine did not. These results suggest that the observed binding process represents the initial step in the transtubular transport of l-proline.
Gastrointestinal Cell Plasma Membrane Wounding and Resealing In Vivo

Previous studies in vitro have shown that various mechanical methods used to wound plasma membranes allow normally impermeant, water-soluble markers, such as fluorescein dextran or horseradish peroxidase, to enter the cytosol. Subsequent membrane resealing traps these nontoxic fluorescent or electron microscopic markers within living, surviving wounded cells. The present report is the first, to our knowledge, to use this strategy to study cell membrane wounding and resealing in the intact animal. We show that gut cells wounded in vivo by mechanical forces are capable of resealing disruptions of their plasma membranes. More importantly, we show that wounding of cell membranes, followed by resealing, occurs not only in mechanically injured gut but also in normal, experimentally undisturbed gut. A variety of cell types were wounded and resealed membrane wounds in the mechanically injured stomach: surface mucous, endothelial, fibroblastic, parietal, and chief cells. Mucous cells successful at resealing membrane wounds apparently became active participants in the motile events of stomach repair. In undisturbed gut, cell membrane wounding and resealing was most frequently observed in the colon, but was also observed in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and ileum. Surface epithelial cells in undisturbed gut were retained for >48 h after surviving membrane wounds. Two important roles are suggested for membrane resealing in gut: (a) preservation of motile cells nearest epithelial discontinuities requiring repair after injury, and (b) maintenance of epithelial integrity in normally functioning gut. Our finding of cell wounding in undisturbed gut may explain, in part, why rapid, continual cell turnover is characteristic of gut epithelia. We propose that membrane disruption, or wounding, is a normal and common occurrence in vivo, and that a biologically significant function of the plasma membrane is to reseal such wounds. The occurrence of in vivo cell membrane wounding and resealing suggests an unrecognized route for molecular traffic into and out of cytoplasm.
Design and validation of the Pentium/sup /spl reg// III and Pentium/sup /spl reg// 4 processors power delivery

In this paper, we present an empirical approach for the validation of the power supply impedance model. The model is widely used to design the power delivery for high performance systems. For this purpose, several silicon wafers of the Pentium/sup /spl reg// III and Pentium/sup /spl reg// 4 processors were built with various amount of decoupling. The measured data showed significant discrepancies with the model predictions and provided useful insights in investigating the model regions of validity.
Test cost reduction through a reconfigurable scan architecture

Scan-based designs are widely used to keep test generation complexity within practical limits; nevertheless, scan-based design substantially increases test application time and test data volume. A novel scan-based design is proposed to reduce the test cost. The new scan-design exploits the low specified bit density of the test sets. The circular structure of the proposed architecture enables the use of the captured response of the previously applied pattern as a template for the subsequent pattern while allowing the full observation of the captured response. The functionality provided by the new architecture is utilized to update the template quickly to obtain the next pattern. The experimental results show a substantial reduction in test cost, reaching 90% levels.
Application of resonance ionization mass spectrometry to the lanthanide elements in the wavelength region of 430–455 nm

Abstract A study of all the lanthanides except promethium has been carried out using resonance ionization mass spectrometry; the wavelength region for this investigation was 430–450 nm. A list of several wavelengths is given for each of these lanthanides where they can be determined without isobaric interference of other lanthanides. The optical routes for ionization were cataloged in terms of 1+1,1+1+1, and 2+1 photon pathways where possible, and the known or partially known routes are presented. Possible pathways for the unknown optical routes are evaluated.
State-sponsored violence as a tragedy of the commons: England's privateering wars with France and Spain, 1625–1630

The “tragedy of the commons” is the familiar problem that open access to a common property resource leads to overexploitation and to zero profits. A commons model is applied to an example of state sponsored private violence, the practice of privateering or licensed piracy. It is predicted that the presence of uncertainty about the value of the prey will reduce the amount of exploitation effort, and that industry profits may be positive due to both uncertainty and heterogeneous exploiters. Using data from England's wars with France and Spain between 1625 and 1630, the model suggests that the commons, represented by enemy merchant shipping, was not overexploited and that privateering profits were positive. The dynamic paths of privateering effort, ships seized, and individual firm profits were, however, consistent with the normal expectation that commons exploitation will peak and fall, as competition drives down returns through entry.
Abstract 5153: Steroid receptor coactivator-2 mediates oncogenic reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Steroid receptor coactivators/p160 (SRC) are frequently amplified and overexpressed in various human cancers which mediate transcriptional functions of nuclear receptors and other transcription factors, providing survival advantage to cancer cells. Recent findings from genomic profiling of human prostate tumors have identified SRC-2 (also known as NCOA2/TIF2), one of the SRC family member as the major oncogene. SRC-2 was found to be significantly enhanced in 8% of primary tumors and 37% of metastatic tumors, and its expression positively correlated with disease recurrence. This suggests SRC-2 oncogene may play crucial role in the development and metastatic progression of prostate cancer. The current study is aimed to understand the molecular function of SRC-2 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. RNAi mediated knockdown of SRC-2 in cultured prostate cancer cell lines significantly reduced the cell viability and this phenotype was rescued by ectopic overexpression of SRC-2. Since SRC-2 coactivator is a master regulator of key metabolic pathways in normal cellular physiology, we investigated its role in cancer cell metabolism. Depletion of SRC-2 severely impairs accumulation of lipid droplets, suggesting SRC-2 regulates lipogenesis in cancer cells. Lipid biosynthetic pathways are integral part of cancer cell growth generating fatty acids and cholesterol required for the biogenesis of membrane. Lipids derive majority of carbon chain from glucose flux by diverting pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A, an important precursor for lipid biosynthesis. Initial screening identified SRC-2 regulates expression of key metabolic enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Interestingly we found expression of HMGCR, FASN and PDH is dramatically increased in metastatic C4-2 cells compared to parental LNCaP cells, and their expression can be reversed by SRC-2 depletion. Ongoing studies will further examine the regulation of glucose and pyruvate metabolism by SRC-2 and its importance in cancer cell metastasis. Although it is well known that many tumours exhibit increased glycolysis, less clear is how associated metabolic pathways are affected and whether they contribute to cancer cell proliferation. These analyses will allow us to identify unpredictable nodes of metabolic regulation by SRC-2 oncogene and may provide rational treatment approaches for targeting tumor metabolism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5153. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5153
That golden voice—Talent or training?

Summary This article is an updating and expansion of a lecture presented atthe Thirteenth Symposium on the Care of the Professional Voice, New York, June 1984; a somewhat limited version of the manuscript was published in the Transcripts of that symposium. Basically, an attempt will be made by an observer from another field to lay the groundwork for the better understanding of the "voice teacher." Accordingly, some of the dialogue to follow may be a little informal; it certainly is interpretive. The latter portion of the discussion will involve suggestions/illustrations that may be useful in further enhancing this somewhat underrated field and bonding it to others. While the comments found below reflect only the opinions of the author, it is fair to state that most of them have been articulated by others.
Melanogenesis in amphibians. 3. The buoyant density of oocyte and larval xenopus laevis melanosomes and the isolation of oocyte melanosomes from the eyes of PTU-treated larvae.

The buoyant density of melanosomes isolated from oocytes of Xenopus laevis is about 1.88 g/cm3 while most of the melanosomes synthesized in the larvae have a density of about 1.92 g/cm3. The melanosomes isolated from phenylthiourea-treated larvae or from their eyes have a density of about 1.88 g/cm3. The oocyte melanin of Xenopus was labelled in vivo by injecting the vitellogenic female with 14C-DOPA. After these injections, only the melanosomes which band at a density of 1.88 g/cm3, whether from the ovary, normal or PTU-treated progeny or from the eyes alone of PTU-treated progeny, were radioactive. It is concluded that the melanosomes found in the eyes of PTU-treated tadpoles originate in the oocyte.
Preventive Psychology in Primary Care Settings

This article will describe some of the more promising types of preventive interventions that exist in primary health care settings. It will present a rationale for practicing psychologists to consider issues of prevention when working in health care settings. Approaches to prevention and the integration of preventive measures into primary care will be presented, as well as examples of the implementation of innovative prevention programs. This article will conclude with examples and recommendations for primary care psychologists who wish to become more involved with prevention.
Chemiluminescence from three-body reactions in the Ba + O2 flame

Abstract A study of the spatially resolved chemiluminescence of the Ba + O2 reaction suggests that the emission is due to production of the excited states of BaO, Ba2O, and BaO2 formed in three-body recombination reactions.
Cultured human lymphoid cells: tools for the biological and molecular characterization of antigens and their recognition systems.

It seems evident that cultured human lymphoid cell lines constitute an excellent tool for the biological and molecular characterization of antigens and their recognition systems. They facilitate in depth studies of cell surface antigen expression during the growth cycle and possibly of the biosynthesis of cell surface markers. They are an excellent source from which to isolate sufficient quantities of cell surface antigens to permit this characterization. Most exciting is the possibility of elucidating cell membrane structures and studying changes in membrane structures that may lead to disordered proliferation characteristic of neoplasia. Finally, it seems that cultured cells may provide excellent models for studying the mechanism of cell surface changes that are important for cellular interaction and differentiation.
BETWEEN‐SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN FRACTURABILITY LOSS: COMPARISON OF THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF PECTIC AND CELL WALL SUBSTANCES IN POTATO AND CHINESE WATERCHESTNUT

This study was undertaken to determine how the mode of chemical changes taking place during the cooking of two chemically similar vegetables (potato and waterchestnut) might explain the tremendous between-species differences in cooked tissue fractura bility as determined by Instron Texture Profile Analysis. Although pectin breakdown and depolymerization by heat weakens the cell wall structure, loss of cell wall physical strength does not necessarily coincide with pectin depolymerization. Potato phosphate-soluble pectin (PSP) showed a more rapid rate of depolymerization than waterchestnut PSP as proven by both chemical and gel chromatographic studies. The unique composition (e.g., neutral sugar content) of the cell wall microstructure of a given vegetable species is the major determinant of the resistance of that plant tissue to fracturability loss during cooking. Based on GLC analyses of cell wall components, cell wall models have been proposed to illustrate the possible structural differences between potato and waterchestnut tissue. It appears that the cell wall character of edible plant tissue for a given species is determined genetically.
Leisure and Aging: Theory and Practice, by Heather Gibson and Jerome Singleton

The human kinetics tradition of excellence continues with the publication of Leisure and Aging: Theory and Practice. This book is appropriate for use as an undergraduate or graduate course text and...
Race-Gender Composition and Occupational Pay Degradation

This article investigates the influence of race-gender composition on pay deterioration in occupations. The analyses use occupation-level data derived from Current Population Surveys to model wage changes from 1971–1981 and 1982–1992. I demonstrate wage erosion—for white men and other incumbents-in female-dominated fields, and show the effect to be driven by white women's representation. Pay also eroded in occupations with a large share of African American men. These longitudinal investigations provide much-needed context for cross-sectional studies, which cannot discern temporal dynamics in the pay-composition association. The results here provide clear evidence of a causal relationship: occupational composition influences wages. I suggest that composition-related wage degradation is due to the greater vulnerability of occupations where subordinate groups are overrepresented and may become manifest via diverse mechanisms related to incumbents' low social status. This discussion pushes beyond the assumption that pay penalties are due only to cultural devaluation.
Tensile stability of cylindrical membranes

Abstract The tensile stability of rotationally symmetric thin membranes composed of isotropic, incompressible and elastic materials is considered by investigating under what conditions the initial equilibrium configuration can bifurcate to another rotationally symmetric equilibrium mode. The general equilibrium equations of a rotationally symmetric membrane are first derived in cylindrical coordinates. The initially cylindrical membrane is studied. The classic solution, which assumes homogeneous deformations, is shown to be a special case of the general equations. Perturbation theory is employed to find the bifurcation points from the homogeneous mode. This study shows that, for the chosen boundary conditions, no rotationally symmetric equilibrium mode exists near the cylindrical mode except the cylindrical mode itself. This corresponds to all experimental data that the author is aware of. The initially cylindrical membrane either remains cylindrical or goes into a non-rotationally symmetric mode.
MINNESOTA NORTH SHORE AND DULUTH-SUPERIOR HARBOR SPILL RESPONSE STRATEGIES

ABSTRACT The Minnesota Lake Superior shoreline (Minnesota'S “North Shore”) is characterized by a rocky shoreline with stretches of sand, gravel and cobble as well as several stream and ditch inlets into Lake Superior. The risk of spills is from both land and water. The 150 plus mile stretch of shoreline has a very limited amount of response equipment or nearby responders. The Duluth-Superior Harbor is at the estuarine mouth of the St. Louis River and is divided by the Minnesota and Wisconsin border. The harbor includes sensitive shorelines and habitats, numerous stream, ditch and storm sewer outfalls, as well as an active shipping industry. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a great tool for conducting data analysis and planning. GIS allows users to analyze and visualize large volumes of data to make decisions quickly. While many spill response planners use GIS as a planning response tool, many responders do not have the training and equipment to make efficient use of the capabilities of GIS. This pro...
Thermal Characterization of Aluminum and Steel Foams

Metallic foams are a new class of ultra-lightweight materials with potential applications in such industries as automobile, aerospace, and energy industries. These materials when realized in product form can serve as efficient heat exchanges, energy absorbers, and thermal protective and hydrogen storage devices. Accurate determination of thermal conductivity and understanding of heat transfer characteristics is important in designing such products incorporating metal foams. The present research characterizes the effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer characteristics of DUOCEL AL 6106-T6 and Stainless Steel 314 open cell foams by experiments at near room temperature conditions. The effective thermal conductivity of these materials has been determined experimentally. Thermal conductivity of metal foams increased with increasing mechanical stress. The effect of porosity on the thermal conductivity of ERG supplied aluminum and NASA-GRC supplied SS 314 are also studied and compared with the published data in literature, however, in our studies systematic dependency of porosity is not observed. Experiments also conducted to quantify forced convective heat transfer characteristics under laminar flow conditions. Heat transfer coefficient increases with increased Reynolds number but results are not conclusive in case of natural convection.© 2012 ASME
Synergism of Antifungal Activity between Mitochondrial Respiration Inhibitors and Kojic Acid

Co-application of certain types of compounds to conventional antimicrobial drugs can enhance the efficacy of the drugs through a process termed chemosensitization. We show that kojic acid (KA), a natural pyrone, is a potent chemosensitizing agent of complex III inhibitors disrupting the mitochondrial respiratory chain in fungi. Addition of KA greatly lowered the minimum inhibitory concentrations of complex III inhibitors tested against certain filamentous fungi. Efficacy of KA synergism in decreasing order was pyraclostrobin > kresoxim-methyl > antimycin A. KA was also found to be a chemosensitizer of cells to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), tested as a mimic of reactive oxygen species involved in host defense during infection, against several human fungal pathogens and Penicillium strains infecting crops. In comparison, KA-mediated chemosensitization to complex III inhibitors/H₂O₂ was undetectable in other types of fungi, including Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, and P. griseofulvum, among others. Of note, KA was found to function as an antioxidant, but not as an antifungal chemosensitizer in yeasts. In summary, KA could serve as an antifungal chemosensitizer to complex III inhibitors or H₂O₂ against selected human pathogens or Penicillium species. KA-mediated chemosensitization to H₂O₂ seemed specific for filamentous fungi. Thus, results indicate strain- and/or drug-specificity exist during KA chemosensitization.
On Survivability of Mobile Cyber Physical Systems with Intrusion Detection

In this paper we address the survivability issue of a mobile cyber physical system (MCPS) comprising sensor-carried human actors, vehicles, or robots assembled together for executing a specific mission in battlefield or emergency response situations. We develop a mathematical model to assess the survivability property of a MCPS subject to energy exhaustion and security failure. Our model-based analysis reveals the optimal design setting for invoking intrusion detection to best balance energy conservation versus intrusion tolerance for achieving high survivability. We test the effectiveness of our approach with a dynamic voting-based intrusion detection technique leveraging sensing and ranging capabilities of mobile nodes in the MCPS and demonstrate its validity with simulation validation.
Factors influencing the in vitro growth of Mycobacterium leprae: effect of oxygen.

In our efforts to evaluate factors responsible for in vitro growth of Mycobacterium leprae in DH medium and also to improve the system, effects of oxygen tension on in vitro growth of M. leprae were determined. This was achieved by varying the ratio between DH medium and free air space above the medium in the culture tubes. Growth-competent M. phlei (ATCC 11758) could tolerate all the oxygen it can get in the medium. On the other hand, M. leprae seemed to be of microaerophilic nature. In vivo-grown M. leprae cells were more sensitive than their counterparts that were adapted to in vitro environment. In vivo-grown cells grew better when 70oo of the space in culture tube was occupied by DH medium. These in vitro-adapted cells gave optimum growth in subcultures when the air spaces in the culture tubes were 40–50oo. The role of oxygen tensions in the development of lesions in leprosy patients and armadillos has been discussed.
Do dietary antioxidants prevent postmenopausal bone loss

Abstract The role of dietary antioxidants in osteoporosis has not been well explored. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the dietary antioxidants, vitamin E and beta-carotene, and hip bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Subjects were 1892 screenees, aged 55–80 years, who were volunteers for a clinical trial. Bone densitometry and osteoporosis risk factor information was obtained during screening. Dietary and supplement information was obtained by mailed food frequency and vitamin supplement questionnaires. We found no evidence of an association between dietary and/or supplemental vitamin E and bone density of the femoral neck. Dietary beta-carotene, adjusted for age and weight was positively associated with hip BMD (β=1.5×10 −6 gm/cm 2 , p=0.05). Further adjustment for osteoporosis risk factors diminished the association (β=0.7×10 −6 gm/cm 2 , p=0.38). Neither total nor supplemental beta-carotene intake was found to be associated with BMD. We did not find that vitamin E or beta-carotene was associated with femoral neck bone density in postmenopausal women, however, the potential role of antioxidants and other nutrients in postmenopausal bone loss warrants further study, including research of other bone sites.