cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasma Disposal Rate and Hepatic Alanine Metabolism in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Rabbits

ABSTRACT: To better define the glucose-alanine relationship and hepatic alanine metabolism during pregnancy, glucose and alanine turn-over rates (TR) and simultaneous hepatic alanine uptake were determined in nine term pregnant (P) and 12 nonpregnant (NP) rabbits who had undergone chronic catheterization of both the systemic and hepatic circulations. [U-14C3]Alanine and [3-3H1)glucose were used as tracers. Whole animal [U-14C3]alanine TR was significantly greater in P than in NP animals (42.7 ± 1.7 versus 31.9 ± 1.8 μmolmin-1, respectively, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference when the alanine TR was compared on a weight-specific basis (11.3 ± 0.6 versus 9.6 ± 0.6 μmol min-1kg-1). The glucose TR was higher in P compared with NP rabbits on both an absolute (122.3 ± 6.2 versus 79.8 ± 5.8 μmolmin-1, p < 0.001) and a weight-specific basis (32.9 ± 1.4 versus 24.0 ± 1.9 μmolmin-1kg-1, p < 0.005). Although the fraction of plasma glucose derived from plasma alanine in the whole animal was similar in P and NP animals (16.7% ± 1.4 versus 13.9 ± 0.7%, respectively), the absolute amount of plasma glucose derived from plasma alanine was greater in P rabbits (20.8 ± 1.8 versus 11.2 ± 1.2 μmolmin-1, p < 0.0005). In addition, the percentage of plasma alanine being converted to plasma glucose was greater in P than in NP animals (48.1 ± 2.6 versus 34.6 ± 2.0%, p < 0.001). There was no difference between P and NP rabbits in the fate of the 14C-label taken up by the liver in the form of [14C]alanine + [14C]lactate, with 62.9 ± 5.9% (P) versus 65.2 ± 6.0% (NP) released as [14C]glucose, and 23.1 ± 2.9% (P) versus 23.0 ± 1.9% (NP) released as 14CO2. This is the first whole animal, nonacute study comparing hepatic alanine metabolism in P versus NP animals. In the rabbit, neither whole body or hepatic alanine metabolism was significantly altered by pregnancy.
Identifiability of Additive Actuator and Sensor Faults by State Augmentation

A class of fault detection and identification (FDI) methods for bias-type actuator and sensor faults is explored in detail from the point of view of fault identifiability. The methods use state augmentation along with banks of Kalman-Bucy filters for fault detection, fault pattern determination, and fault value estimation. A complete characterization of conditions for identifiability of bias-type actuator faults, sensor faults, and simultaneous actuator and sensor faults is presented. It is shown that FDI of simultaneous actuator and sensor faults is not possible using these methods when all sensors have unknown biases. The fault identifiability conditions are demonstrated via numerical examples. The analytical and numerical results indicate that caution must be exercised to ensure fault identifiability for different fault patterns when using such methods.
Broadening participation in computing: the multi-tiered approach

Broadening Participation in Computing (BPC) is a national effort led by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to increase post-secondary enrollment of underrepresented groups in the computing disciplines. Under BPC funding from the NSF, a multi-tiered mentoring model (M3) was created to foster excellence in grades 5-20 computer science education in the Birmingham area. The goal of the BPC-M3 program is to provide sequential tiers of mentoring, by which the learner in one tier becomes the mentor teacher to the next tier down. This model focuses on providing a more effective pathway for students from underrepresented backgrounds to pursue careers in computing. In this poster abstract, we describe in detail how the multi-tiered model is being implemented and summarize some of the benefits and challenges related to the M3 model.
Thermodynamic considerations relating to the use of electrochemical techniques for the growth of single crystals of borides

Abstract Thermodynamic aspects of the formation of borides from fused salt solvents by isothermal electrolysis in a simple model system are discussed. Particular attention is given to factors which influence the composition and defect structure of the product formed.
Nucleation and Growth During Faceting of the Platinum Covered W(111) Surface

Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) have been used to investigate the faceting of W(111) as induced by Pt. The atomically rough W(111) surface, when fully covered with a monolayer film of Pt and annealed to temperatures higher than ~750 K, experiences a significant morphological restructuring: the initially planar surface undergoes a faceting transition and forms three-sided pyramids with {211} faces. When Pt is dosed onto the heated surface, the transition from planar to faceted structure proceeds through the nucleation and growth of spatially separated faceted region, as shown by LEEM. STM reveals the atomic structure of the partially faceted surface, with large planar regions, dotted by clusters of pyramids of various sizes.
Character phylogenies in Candacia and Paracandacia (Copepoda, Calanoida) and the inevitably paraphyletic nature of many nominal taxa above subspecies level

Examination of the phylogenetic structure of the family Candaciidae shows the genus Paracandacia to comprise a strongly modified branch emerging from the clade commonly denoted as Candacia. This has been confirmed by studying selected character phylogenies. It is argued that the resulting paraphyletic nature of Candacia auct., though in a cladistic context undesirable on theoretical grounds, has to be accepted as inevitable. Recent studies on molluscs and arthropods, viz., have demonstrated that the continuous origin of paraphyletic taxa from previously monophyletic ones is nothing but a naturally occurring process, intrinsically embodied in the course of evolution.
Ginger: control independence using tag rewriting

The negative performance impact of branch mis-predictions can be reduced by exploiting control independence (CI). When a branch mis-predicts, the wrong-path instructions up to the point where control converges with the correct path are selectively squashed and replaced with correct-path instructions. Instructions beyond the convergence-point-the branch's control-independent (CI) instructions-are spared from squashing. Exploiting CI requires updating the input data dependences of CI instructions to reflect the selective removal and insertion of logically older instructions and transitively re-dispatching those CI instructions whose inputs have changed. This capability is generally called out-of-order renaming. Previously proposed CI designs use out-of-order renaming schemes that either consume excessive rename/dispatch bandwidth, can only be applied in limited cases, or incur a cost even when the branch would be correctly predicted.Ginger is a CI design that is both general and bandwidth efficient. Ginger implements out-of-order renaming using tag rewriting, re-linking the input dependences of CI instructions as they sit in the window. To do this, Ginger halts the pipeline uses the idle map table read and write ports and the issue queue match lines and write lines to perform a register-tag "search-and-replace" operation. After a few cycles, the pipeline restarts and execution resumes with correct data dependences. Cycle-level simulation shows that Ginger out-performs previous CI designs, yielding geometric mean speedups over an aggressive non-CI processor of 5%, 12%, and 11%-on SPECint2000, MediaBench, and Comm-Bench-with speedups of 15% or greater on 11 of 46 programs.
Galactic Clouds of Organic Molecules

The discovery of immense organic clouds of gas embedded in the dusty regions of our Galaxy is of tremendous importance to the origin of life. It is within these clouds that the formation of stars and planetary systems is believed to take place. The collapse of these clouds to form stars takes place in a very small fraction of the astronomical lifetime of a star. It is precisely at this moment that the clouds of organic molecules appear.
257 The presence ofammonium in chemically defined maturation medium inhibits porcine oocyte nuclear maturation and subsequent embryonic development in vitro

Exogenous supplementation with amino acids is important to the success of oocyte IVM and embryonic development in vitro. However, free ammonium ions will be generated by amino acid degradation or as a by-product of amino acid metabolism. Ammonium in embryo culture medium has detrimental effects on embryo development and viability. Nevertheless, the effects of ammonium in maturation medium on oocyte nuclear maturation and resulting developmental potential are still unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ammonium in maturation medium on porcine oocyte nuclear maturation and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA). Cumulus–oocyte complexes were matured in a chemically defined medium, Purdue Porcine Medium (PPM; experimental treatments), or TCM199 with 10% porcine follicle fluid (TCM + pFF; positive control) for 44 h, in 7% CO2 in air at 38.7°C. For experimental treatments, ammonium chloride was added to PPM: 0 mm, 0.02 mm. 0.2 mm, 2 mm, and 20 mm. To examine nuclear maturation, oocytes were fixed and stained after IVM (20–40/treatment/replicate; 6 replicates). Each oocyte was scored from 1 to 7 based on meiotic stage. Oocytes were activated by exposure to a DC electrical pulse of 120 V mm–1, 80 μs. The PA embryos were cultured in porcine zygote medium (PZM) containing 2 mm 6-DMAP for 6 h, then in PZM supplemented with 4 mg mL–1 BSA for 6 days, at which time cleavage, blastocyst development, and blastocyst cell number were determined (40–60/treatment/replicate; 4 replicates). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison test; percentage data were arcsin transformed (significance, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in maturation between TCM + pFF (6.17 ± 0.11), 0 mm (5.76 ± 0.14), 0.02 mm (5.70 ± 0.13), or 0.2 mm (5.61 ± 0.14), but maturation was significantly decreased in 2 mm (4.57 ± 0.15) and 20 mm (3.76 ± 0.14) ammonium. Embryonic development is shown in Table 1. Blastocyst development (of total activated oocytes) was significantly reduced in 0.2 mm, 2 mm, and 20 mm groups compared to the positive control. In conclusion, the presence of 0.2 mm ammonium in maturation medium compromised oocyte developmental competence, although nuclear maturation was not affected until ammonium concentrations reached 2 mm. These results demonstrate the deleterious effects of ammonium on both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in vitro, and point to the importance of minimization of ammonium build-up during this time period. Table 1. Development of parthenogenetically activated oocytes after exposure to ammonium during IVM
Mode of action of methyl cis-ferulate, the self-inhibitor of stem rust uredospore germination

Abstract Germination of uredospores of Puccinia graminis var. tritici begins by digestion of the wall material next to the cytoplasm in the region of the pores (pore plugs) and progresses outward. The endogenous self-inhibitor, methyl-cis-ferulate prevents digestion of the pore plug at concentrations similar to those required to inhibit germination (10 to 100 nm ). Removal of the inhibitor allows digestion to proceed but it is interrupted if inhibitor is re-introduced before digestion has progressed to the outer periphery of the spore wall. Digestion is insensitive to inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. The data suggest that a preformed enzyme required for digestion of the plug is inhibited by the self-inhibitor. Removal of the inhibitor leads to reversal of the inhibition of this postulated enzyme and to the ensuiing rapid digestion of the plug.
Vapor deposited organic thin film in microgravity

Organic thin films have been grown in space by effusive ampoule physical vapor transport technique with different growth parameters for the source temperature, transport flux, substrate, seeding, and backfilling. Results described in this paper are based on data from the two United States Space Shuttle Endeavour flights, STS (Space Transportation System)-59 and STS-69, using the moderate temperature facility (MTF) for materials processing in space. The facility consists primarily of the effusive ampoule, in which the thin film growth process takes place, encased in two concentric aluminum cylinders with a vacuum space between them. The MTF has produced thin films of variable quality and thickness across 12 mm diameter substrates. The results are discussed with reference to the growth parameters.
Assessing the Potential of Indigenous-Run Demographic/Health Surveys: the 2005 Shuar Survey, Ecuador

Despite improved national censuses and “micro-demographic” studies, demographic processes and health conditions among indigenous populations in Amazonia and elsewhere in lowland Latin America are not well understood. A new source of demographic and health data has emerged in the past decade, namely meso-scale surveys initiated and administered by indigenous organizations. These surveys offer the potential for filling information gaps, shedding light on culturally specific factors that shape demographic processes and health, and empowering indigenous organizations with data that could inform health initiatives. This article assesses the indigenous-run survey “2005 Health Analysis of the Shuar and Achuar Nations” of eastern Ecuador in which the authors were involved, which reached 1,943 households in 257 communities in Morona-Santiago Province. We present findings on fertility, migration, sanitation, and health, and assess the strengths and weaknesses of the survey. We argue that despite flaws in the survey design and implementation, this survey revealed important linkages among fertility, migration, and health. Such surveys have the potential to provide much needed detail, representativeness, and cultural specificity that macro and micro data sources cannot provide. We conclude with recommendations to improve surveys of this type.
Broadening Of The CF3I UV Absorption Spectrum BY CO2-Laser-Induced Vibrational Excitation

Abstract Absorption of CO 2 laser photons by CF 3 I leads to a broadening of the CF 3 I UV absorption band near 270 nm. The fwhm is increased by a factor of ≈2.3 for CO 2 laser fluence of 0.4 J/cm 2 . Significant increase in the bandwidth is accompanied by partial decomposition of the CF 3 I.
Prototype models for particle structure in gauge supersymmetry

Abstract Particle content in prototype models of gauge supersymmetry is examined. The properties of the prototype models which are in common with those of gauge supersymmetries are the initial non-diagonality of the quadratic part of the action, global supersymmetry invariance and the existence of a mass parameter in the quadratic part of the action. The analysis exhibits the particle content of prototype models to consist of normal poles and sets of complex conjugate poles on the physical sheet. Diagonalization of the hamiltonian can be carried out for such systems (in contrast to the prototype model of conformal supergravity where dipole ghosts arose). Essentially the pole structure observed in the prototype models of gauge supersymmetry is the supersymmetric analogue of the Lee-Wick phenomenon where the normal and the complex conjugate poles form global multiplets.
8.12: Presentation session: Brain injuries and neuro-regeneration panel: “Basic research to reduce the socioeconomic costs of traumatic brain injury”

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major healthcare problem with significant socioeconomic costs. Approximately 2 million civilian head injuries occur every year of which 75% afflict those between the ages of 15 and 45. The majority of these injuries are mild, however TBI is responsible for 50,000 deaths and leaves 80,000 individuals with lifelong disabilities annually. Annual costs are estimate at $60 billion. Within the military population, blast accounts for about 70% of all TBI of which 12% are moderate or severe. Reducing the socioeconomic costs of TBI motivates research by us and others in three main areas: prevention, acute treatment, and restoration of function. Understanding the biomechanics of TBI is essential for developing protection strategies to prevent TBI in both the civilian and military populations. This is especially true for blasts since identification of the causative physics is essential for engineering effective armor. Not all head injuries are preventable, therefore improved treatments are desperately needed. Mechanical forces set in motion an extended cascade of biological responses that result in delayed cell damage and death suggesting a therapeutic window when treatment may ameliorate that progression. Through a better of understanding of these cascades, therapeutic targets can be identified, and new treatments tested. Some 5 million Americans live with a long-term disability due to TBI, and strategies to restore function in this chronic phase are being explored. Restoration may involve cell-based strategies leveraging the promise of stem cells. Alternatively, function may be restored through neuroengineering efforts and neuroprosthetics. This panel brings together basic researchers, clinicians, and the military to discuss current progress, promising avenues, and hurdles to reducing the socioeconomic costs of TBI.
Structural Changes in Bacteriorhodopsin During Ion Transport at 2 Angstrom Resolution

Crystal structures of the Asp96 to Asn mutant of the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin and its M photointermediate produced by illumination at ambient temperature have been determined to 1.8 and 2.0 angstroms resolution, respectively. The trapped photoproduct corresponds to the late M state in the transport cycle—that is, after proton transfer to Asp85 and release of a proton to the extracellular membrane surface, but before reprotonation of the deprotonated retinal Schiff base. Its density map describes displacements of side chains near the retinal induced by its photoisomerization to 13-cis,15-anti and an extensive rearrangement of the three-dimensional network of hydrogen-bonded residues and bound water that accounts for the changed pKa values (where Ka is the acid constant) of the Schiff base and Asp85. The structural changes detected suggest the means for conserving energy at the active site and for ensuring the directionality of proton translocation.
Philactis fayi (Compositae) : A new species from Mexico

The new species is the fourth member of the genus. Morphologically, it is most closely allied toP. liebmannii, but there are ample qualitative and quantitative differences between them. The chromosome numbers ofP. liebmannii andP. nelsonii are 2n = 56 whileP. zinnioides is 2n = 84.Philactis fayi is 2n = 28 and is considered to represent the diploid complement that was probably involved in the production of the other species through hybridization and chromosome doubling.
Variable fidelity modeling of vehicle ride dynamics using an element activity metric

The evolving ability of vehicle simulation packages continues to facilitate the use of complex models for virtual prototyping. In formulating a virtual proving ground for conducting vehicle mission studies, it can be helpful to devise ways to facilitate the synthesis of models optimized for repetitive study of specific missions or maneuvers. Because subsystem models may have inherently different bandwidth characteristics, complex vehicle simulations that incorporate such models may be numerically stiff. Furthermore, complexity generally makes it difficult to interpret results and identify key parameters that affect dominant dynamics. The intent of this study is to examine the feasibility of optimizing simulation efficiency and/or enhancing physical insight using a variable fidelity approach that switches between reduced sub models optimized for specific dynamic intervals of the mission study. Because of its established use for model reduction, element activity is tested as a metric to measure and vary model fidelity of a vehicle ride mode model.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Using performance management to win the talent war

Abstract The talent war is a 21st-century reality whereby organizations of all sizes, across all industries, compete to hire and retain scarce human capital. The talent war is fierce because there are few individuals within each industry who are considered top human capital such that there is not enough to go around, and these top performers generate a great deal of revenues, profit, and overall success for their organizations. In this installment of Human Performance, we describe the nature of the talent war and reasons why winning it is crucial for organizational competitiveness, sustainability, and survival. We discuss how implementing a performance management system can help organizations win the talent war by retaining these coveted top performers. Specifically, we offer the following research-based recommendations for using performance management to (1) create and maintain individualized developmental plans; (2) ensure that work is challenging, interesting, and meaningful; (3) provide clear advancement opportunities, and (4) implement contingent rewards. Implementing these recommendations can turn performance management into an effective tool to retain top talent and prevent competitors from stealing a firm's crucial source of competitive advantage.
A note on bounding monte carlo variances michael lavine

A density bounded class P of probability distributions on a space χ is the set of all probability distributions corresponding to probability densities bounded below by a given subprob-ability density and bounded above by a given superprobability density. Density bounded classes arise in robust Bayesian analysis (Lavine 1991) and also in Monte Carlo integration (Fishman Granovsky and Rubin 1989). Finding upper and lower bounds on the variance over all p∊ P allows one to bound the Monte Carlo variance. Fishman Granovsky and Rubin (1989) find bounds on the variance over all p ∊ P and also find the densities in P achieving those bounds in the case where χ is discrete; that is, where P is actually a set of probability mass functions. This article generalizes their result by showing how to bound the variance and find the densities achieving the bounds when χ is continuous.
Recombination dynamics and hydrogen abstraction reactions of chlorine radicals in solution.

We observe chlorine radical dynamics in solution following two-photon photolysis of the solvent, dichloromethane. In neat CH2Cl2, one-third of the chlorine radicals undergo diffusive geminate recombination, and the rest abstract a hydrogen atom from the solvent with a bimolecular rate constant of (1.35 ± 0.06) × 107 M-1 s-1. Upon addition of hydrogen-containing solutes, the chlorine atom decay becomes faster, reflecting the presence of a new reaction pathway. We study 16 different solutes that include alkanes (pentane, hexane, heptane, and their cyclic analogues), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol), and chlorinated alkanes (cyclohexyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, 2-chlorobutane, 1,2-dichlorobutane, and 1,4-dichlorobutane). Chlorine reactions with alkanes have diffusion-limited rate constants that do not depend on the molecular structure, indicating the absence of a potential barrier. Hydrogen abstraction from alcohols is slower than from alkanes and depends weakly on molecula...
Estrus, Estrous Cycles, Ovulation Time, Time of Service, and Fertility of Dairy Cattle in Louisiana

Summary The mean duration of estrus for 1,460 estrous periods for 270 cows and heifers was 11.9 hr., with heifers having significantly longer estrous periods than parous cows. Nonstanding estrus was observed in 10.1% of the estrous periods. Estrus after conception was exhibited by 14.4% of the animals and involved 3.4% of the estrous periods. Ovulation occurred 12.4 hr. after the end of estrus. Optimum time for insemination was 7–12 hr. after the onset of estrus. Anestrus occurred one or more times in 33.4% of the animals, representing 10.6% of the expected estrous periods. It was calculated that anestrus would have increased 19.9% with only 0600 and 1800 hr. observations; whereas, an additional check at 1,200 hr. increased the incidence only 10.0% above that which occurred during 6-hr. observational periods. Monthly PBI levels were inversely related to environmental temperature and humidity.
A Comparison of Excessive Postpartum Blood Loss Estimates Among Three Subgroups of Women Attending Births in Matlab, Bangladesh

Introduction Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death and disability worldwide. The recognition of PPH depends on subjective visual quantification. This study sought to assess and compare the thresholds for excessive postpartum blood loss reported by skilled birth attendants (SBAs), traditional birth attendants (TBAs), and laywomen in Matlab, Bangladesh. Methods Data from six questions asking about excessive blood loss in the postpartum period were analyzed using analysis of variance, the Hochberg test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and standard descriptive statistics. Results We found that the thresholds for excessive blood loss estimated by laywomen and TBAs exceed the biomedical standards for PPH. Skilled birth attendant reports are consistent with the definition of severe acute PPH. Discussion Further research on locally validated blood collection devices, in birth kits, for diagnostic aid or referral indication is needed. Areas where the coverage and uptake of skilled birth attendance are low should be targeted because of the number of homebirths attended by TBAs and laywomen in such settings.
Superluminescent diodes with angled facet etched by chemically assisted ion beam etching

A superluminescent diode with very low spectral modulation has been made with one cleaved facet and one angled facet etched by chemically assisted ion beam etching. Without antireflection coating, the reflection of light back into the waveguide from the etched angled facet is less than 1*10/sup -5/. In addition, 85% of the total output power can be coupled from the etched angled facet without applying any antireflection or high-reflection coating on either facet.
AEGIS: A Proactive Methodology to Shield against Zero-Day Exploits

Given the large number of vulnerability instances disclosed in various bug-tracking communities, system administrators face an up-hill task of protecting their system/ network against zero-day exploits. In order to safeguard against such exploits, the present challenges come in two-fold: (i) there exists a compelling need to assimilate configuration specific vulnerability information from various bug-tracking diaspora; also (ii) there is a need to proactively generate policy specific signatures which act as a first line of defense. In this paper we propose an automated approach for determining vulnerabilities pertinent to the current network/ system configuration using the information aggregated from different bug tracking communities. Such vulnerability assessment and indication mechanisms significantly alleviate the system administrator?s burden of manual content digging for vulnerabilities in his own configuration context. Furthermore, we propose an Extensible Defense Oriented Representation Schema (EDORS) for vulnerability representation, which is subsequently used by the policy engine to generate appropriate signatures. As a result, the generated signatures can be viewed as a preventive interim security measure against recently published threats until its patch is released. We have also evaluated our framework through a series of experiments.
The radiosensitivity of gymnosperms. I. The effect of dormancy on the response of Pinus strobus seedlings to acute gamma irradiation

Abstract Seedlings of Pinus strobus (white pine) were exposed for 16.5 hr to Co60 gamma radiation at dosages from 50 to 1000 r during a period of dormancy or a period of active growth. The effect on growth was determined by measurement of needle lengths. The data show the dormant plants to be considerably more resistant than the actively growing plants. Measurements of interphase nuclear volumes in apical shoot meristems made at various times during the year show a large volume during stages of active growth and much smaller volumes during dormancy. The data strongly suggest that the differences in sensitivity of dormant and actively growing plants may be largely the result of differences in nuclear volumes of these stages.
Ecophysiological investigations of understory eastern redcedar in central Missouri

Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) is a sun—adapted, drought—resistant pioneer species common to pastures, abandoned fields, fence rows, and calcareous rock outcrops throughout the eastern United States. However, it is also a frequent component of the understory in mature oak—hickory forests in central Missouri, where light levels are typically <10% of full sunlight during much of the growing season. This is below eastern redcedar's reported optimum for photosynthesis. The competitive survival of understory eastern redcedar under such environmental conditions was apparently due to it being an evergreen conifer in a deciduous forest. Hence, its foliage was able to maintain a positive carbon dioxide balance throughout much of the year, with maximum net photosynthetic rates occurring during periods when the overstory was leafless. The greatest daily average net photosynthetic rates (Phn) occurred during overstory leaf emergence when temperatures were moderate and light levels to the understory trees wer...
The Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse Upon Implicit Processing of Intimacy-Related Stimuli

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of childhood sexual abuse upon implicit processing of intimacy-related stimuli in adulthood. Participants were 22 male and 20 female psychiatric inpatients ranging in age from 20 to 78 (M = 42). Each completed the Sexual Experiences Survey, a questionnaire derived from the Abuse Dimensions Inventory, and performed a modified emotional Stroop task in which they named the colors of neutral words, general threat words, and intimacy-related words. Contrary to prediction, the Sexually Abused group (n = 16) did not take significantly longer to color-name intimacy related words than the Non-abused group (n = 26), p = .70. However, there was a significant interaction between sexual abuse and gender (F = 6.45, p = .015). Sexually abused women performed faster than non-abused women, whereas abused men performed slower than non-abused men on the intimacy-related Stroop task. This effect retained significance even after controlling for participants' level of pathology (F = 4.80...
Esterification of decanoic acid during supercritical fluid extraction employing either methanol-modified carbon dioxide or a methanol trap

The methylation of decanoic acid during the supercritical fluid extraction process was investigated. It was found that the majority of the methylation occurred not during the extraction, but during the collection step, in the presence of methanol. Increasing dynamic extraction time (and hence collection time) from 0 to 60 min increased acid to ester conversions from 2% to 4%. The addition of HCl as a catalyst to the reaction increased the reaction rate 10-fold, and resulted in 88% conversion to the methyl ester within 30 min, without any detrimental effects on the chromatographic system. Higher collection temperatures appeared to increase conversion, but decreased methyl ester collection efficiency.
Validity, reliability and minimum detectable change of the maximum step length test in people with stroke

Abstract Stroke is a significant cause of deficits in balance, mobility and disability. Although tests of stepping speed are associated with balance performance after stroke, relationships between clinical tests of stepping distance and balance performance have not been investigated in people with stroke. A validated test of stepping distance and balance in older adults (the maximum step length [MSL] test), and two clinical measures associated with balance in people with stroke (the five-times-sit-to-stand test [FTSST] and gait speed) were evaluated in nineteen independent community-dwelling people with chronic stroke. There were strong relationships between MSL and performance on the clinical balance measures (Pearson's r 0.69 to − 0.88), suggesting that MSL is a valid measure of balance after stroke. Test–retest reliability coefficients were excellent for the MSL tests (ICC both limbs; 0.98). Standard error of measurement expressed as a percentage of mean MSL was computed as 5.6% (hemiparetic leg) and 5.4% (unaffected leg), indicative of low levels of measurement error and excellent absolute reliability of the MSL test in people with stroke. Minimum detectable change expressed as a percentage of mean MSL was low (14.9% to 15.4%), suggesting that MSL may be sensitive to detecting change in physical performance in people with stroke. Advantages of the MSL test are that it is easy to administer, requiring minimal training, equipment, time or space. These advantages, together with the validity of the MSL test, its excellent test–retest and absolute reliability, and its low minimum change percent value suggest that MSL may be a useful measure of balance capabilities in people with stroke.
Staging of Rectal Cancer—Technique and Interpretation of Evaluating Rectal Adenocarcinoma, uT1-4, N Disease: 2D and 3D Evaluation

Preoperative staging of rectal cancer is important in tailoring the most optimal treatment for the patient. Early tumors T0 to T1 may be suitable for local excision therapy. More advanced lesions, such as T3 to T4, should be treated with neoadjuvant chemoirradiation before surgery because it has been shown to reduce local recurrence and improve outcomes. Endorectal ultrasound has been shown to be reliably accurate in helping the physician to assess the depth of penetration of tumor (uT staging) and acceptable in evaluating nodal involvement (uN staging). It is superior to computed tomography scan but inferior to magnetic resonance imaging. Large stenotic tumors that preclude intubation and complete assessment of the tumor are more suitably staged by magnetic resonance imaging, which is superior in evaluating involvement of deeper structures such as the mesorectal fascia. Small early tumors are better evaluated by endorectal ultrasound, which demonstrates better clarity of the individual rectal wall layers. The advent of 3-dimensional imaging has enabled better spatial visualization and assessment of tumors. Tumor volume and distance between distal limit of tumor to upper border of anal canal can now be measured. Tumor response to neoadjuvant treatment and distal margin clearance for sphincter salvage can now be objectively assessed. Meticulous technique is important to reduce artifacts that may affect the accuracy of the scan. Technically demanding, there is a learning curve for this procedure.
Controlling flow and avoiding congestion in broadband networks

The basic design principles of flow control in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are examined. Network-level, call-level and cell-level flow control are covered. Dynamic bandwidth management and scheduling policies are discussed. >
Isolation of polar granules and the identification of polar granule-specific protein.

During early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster the posterior polar plasm has the capacity to induce the formation of primordial germ cells. Polar granules, organelles located exclusively in this polar plasm, have been implicated in this determinative capacity. Using cell populations enriched for pole cells as starting material, we have obtained a particulate subcellular fraction that by EM analysis consists predominately of polar granules. The chemical nature of the polar granule has been defined by establishing a strict correlation between the morphological entity and the presence of specific chemical components. We have identified a basic protein with a molecular weight on SDS-polyacrylamide gels of 95,000 daltons that is unique to embryonic cell populations containing pole cells. This protein is enriched specifically in particulate subcellular fractions containing polar granules and is the only major protein species present in preparations in which polar granules are the major morphological constituent. Based on these data, polar granules appear to be composed primarily of one major basic protein species.
SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION STUDIES OF ALKALI METAL SALTS OF 2-OXIMIDOPROPIONATE

Alkali metal and tetrabutylammonium salts of 2-oximidopropionic acid were prepared by the reaction of the free acid with the respective hydroxides or carbonates in water at room temperature. These ...
Sensor web technology challenges and advancements for the earth science decadal survey era

This paper examines the Earth science decadal survey era and the role ESTO developed sensor web technologies can contribute to the scientific observations. This includes hardware and software technology advances for in-situ and in-space measurements. Also discussed are emerging areas of importance such as the potential of small satellites for sensor web based observations as well as advances in data fusion critical to the science and societal benefits of future missions, and the challenges ahead.
Locking the β3 integrin I-like domain into high and low affinity conformations with disulfides

Abstract Although integrin α subunit I domains exist in multiple conformations, it is controversial whether integrin β subunit I-like domains undergo structurally analogous movements of the α7-helix that are linked to affinity for ligand. Disulfide bonds were introduced into the β3 integrin I-like domain to lock its β6-α7 loop and α7-helix in two distinct conformations. Soluble ligand binding, ligand mimetic mAb binding and cell adhesion studies showed that disulfide-bonded receptor αIIbβ3T329C/A347C was locked in a low affinity state, and dithiothreitol treatment restored the capability of being activated to high affinity binding; by contrast, disulfide-bonded αIIbβ3V332C/M335C was locked in a high affinity state. The results suggest that activation of the β subunit I-like domain is analogous to that of the α subunit I domain, i.e. that axial movement in the C-terminal direction of the α7-helix is linked to rearrangement of the I-like domain metal ion-dependent adhesion site into a high affinity conformation.
A framework for evaluating storage system dependability

Designing storage systems to provide business continuity in the face of failures requires the use of various data protection techniques, such as backup, remote mirroring, point-in-time copies and vaulting, often in concert. Predicting the dependability provided by such compositions of techniques is difficult, yet necessary for dependable system design. We present a framework for evaluating the dependability of data storage systems, including both individual data protection techniques and their compositions. Our models estimate storage system recovery time, data loss, normal mode system utilization and operational costs under a variety of failure scenarios. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these modeling techniques through a case study using real-world storage system designs and workloads.
Eleven questions regarding cervical cancer prevention in India.

Nevertheless, since 1998, three separate randomized trials in India funded by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have compared, in aggregate, cervical cancer death rates among 224,929 women offered cervical screening to cervical cancer death rates among 138,624 women offered no screening whatsoever. To date, at least 254 women in unscreened control groups have died from cervical cancer.
High-resolution laser spectroscopy of strontium monomethoxide, SrOCH3

Abstract The rotational analysis of the 0-0 band of the A 2 E 3 2 - X 2 A 1 transition of the SrOCH3 free radical has been carried out by laser excitation spectroscopy. The SrOCH3 molecule was found to have C3v symmetry with a SrO bondlength of 2.12 A. There was no evidence of a Jahn-Teller effect in the A 2 E state. This work is the first high-resolution analysis of a metal alkoxide molecule.
Reducing Underserved Children's Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Randomized Counseling Trial With Maternal Smokers.

Introduction Addressing maternal smoking and child tobacco smoke exposure is a public health priority. Standard care advice and self-help materials to help parents reduce child tobacco smoke exposure is not sufficient to promote change in underserved populations. We tested the efficacy of a behavioral counseling approach with underserved maternal smokers to reduce infant's and preschooler's tobacco smoke exposure. Design A two-arm randomized trial: enhanced behavior counseling (experimental) versus enhanced standard care (control). Assessment staff members were blinded. Setting/participants Three hundred randomized maternal smokers were recruited from low-income urban communities. Participants had a child aged Intervention Philadelphia Family Rules for Establishing Smokefree Homes (FRESH) included 16 weeks of counseling. Using a behavioral shaping approach within an individualized cognitive–behavioral therapy framework, counseling reinforced efforts to adopt increasingly challenging tobacco smoke exposure–protective behaviors with the eventual goal of establishing a smokefree home. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were end-of-treatment child cotinine and reported tobacco smoke exposure (maternal cigarettes/day exposed). Secondary outcomes were end-of-treatment 7-day point-prevalence self-reported cigarettes smoked/day and bioverified quit status. Results Participation in FRESH behavioral counseling was associated with lower child cotinine (β=–0.18, p =0.03) and reported tobacco smoke exposure (β=–0.57, p =0.03) at the end of treatment. Mothers in behavioral counseling smoked fewer cigarettes/day (β=–1.84, p =0.03) and had higher bioverified quit rates compared with controls (13.8% vs 1.9%, χ 2 =10.56, p Conclusions FRESH behavioral counseling reduces child tobacco smoke exposure and promotes smoking quit rates in a highly distressed and vulnerable population. Trial registration This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02117947.
Pulsed Power for Wound Healing

A new method for stimulating platelet aggregation that does not rely on thrombin is based on the effect of ultrashort (nanosecond) pulsed electric fields. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields stimulate a variety of physiological responses, among them, Ca2+ fluxes, which in turn lead to platelet activation. We have shown that when platelet rich plasma was pulsed with one 300 ns pulse at 30 kV/cm, platelets aggregated and a platelet gel was produced. In addition, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) release from platelets was observed. Since platelet aggregation occurs just minutes after pulsing, the pulse generator, the platelet gel reactor and the gel delivery system need to be integrated into one, easy-to-use system. Another consideration is the volume of activated platelet gel required for a treatment. This requires a batch mode platelet exposure system where relatively large quantities of platelet gel can be treated in less than three minutes. We have built a compact, easy to use, pulsed power generator with a Blumlein line pulse-forming network that generates pulses of 300 ns duration. The impedance of the Blumlein line is 10 Omega, matching the resistance of the exposure cell, a custom-made 6-mm chamber, which contains 5.4 ml of the platelet rich plasma. The output voltage can be varied, up to 20 kV, allowing the generation of electric fields of up to 30 kV/cm in the chamber. In order to minimize the time required for activation of the 70 ml of platelet gel, we operate the system in a batch mode.
Simultaneous Assessment of Risk Factors for Malignant Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Lesions, with Emphasis on Sun Exposure and Related Variables

The purpose of this case-control study was to identify differences in risk factors between melanoma and non-melanoma skin lesions. The study group, interviewed from 1979 to 1982, consisted of 289 subjects with melanoma, 75 subjects with non-melanoma sun-related skin lesions and 527 controls. Simultaneous comparison of the three subgroups was accomplished by polychotomous logistic regression. The highest exposure category of lifetime sun exposure was associated with a nearly threefold risk of both melanoma and non-melanoma. Poor tanning was associated with an approximately twofold risk of both disease types. Similarly, northern European ethnicity was associated with an approximately twofold risk of disease. Number of moles on the body exhibited a relationship with melanoma only: having more than 25 moles, compared to their absence, was associated with a thirteenfold risk of melanoma. History of freckling was associated with a twofold risk of melanoma, but no increase in the risk of non-melanoma. Alternatively, mixed indoor-outdoor recreational exposure was associated with a 50% increased risk of non-melanoma, but a 25% decreased risk of melanoma. History of severe sunburn was associated with a twofold risk of non-melanoma only. For history of prior sun-related lesions the nearly sevenfold risk of melanoma was exceeded by the 14-fold risk of non-melanoma.
Beyond Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Metastasis: The Expanding Applications of Radioembolization

As a relatively safe outpatient procedure, radioembolization can potentially be used to treat any type of tumor within the liver, primary or metastatic. The safety and effectiveness of radioembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has led many groups to explore its application in other malignancies. Moreover, other organs, such as the lungs and kidneys, have been explored as targets for therapy. Although the most data for radioembolization is related to HCC and mCRC, there is increasing experience and data regarding metastatic disease to the liver for other primary tumors. We review the current state of liver-directed therapy with radioembolization outside of HCC and mCRC, including metastatic neuroendocrine, breast, and melanoma, as well as limited experiences with other primary malignancies. Applications of radioembolization related to these other cancers and new trends and future directions will be discussed. With increasing use and availability of radioembolization, it promises to serve an expanding role in the repertoire of tools available for treating and managing oncologic disease.
THE RELATIONS OF TEMPERATURE TO THE POTASSIUM EFFECT AND THE BIOELECTRIC POTENTIAL OF VALONIA.

The effect of temperature upon the bioelectric potential across the protoplasm of impaled Valonia cells is described. Over the ordinary tolerated range, the P.D. is lowest around 25 degrees C., rising both toward 15 degrees and 35 degrees . The time curves are characteristic also. The magnitude of the temperature effect can be controlled by changing the KCl content of the sea water (normally 0.012 M): the magnitude is greatly reduced at 0.006 M KCl, enhanced at 0.024 M, and greatly exaggerated at 0.1 M KCl. Conversely, temperature controls the magnitude of the potassium effect, which is smallest at 25 degrees , with a cusped time course. It is increased, with a smoothly rising course, at 15 degrees , and considerably enhanced, with only a small cusp, at 35 degrees . A temporary "alteration" of the protoplasmic surface by the potassium is suggested to account for the time courses. This alteration does not occur at 15 degrees ; the protoplasm recovers only slowly and incompletely at 25 degrees , but rapidly at 35 degrees , in such fashion as to make the P.D. more negative than at 15 degrees . This would account for the temperature effects observed in ordinary sea water.
Evaluation of the American Heart Association Stroke Outcome Classification

Background and Purpose—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of the American Heart Association Stroke Outcome Classification (AHA.SOC) and compare performance of its fun...