cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting the behavior of a high switching frequency SiC-based modular power converter based on low-power validation experiments

This paper predicts the behavior of a high-switching frequency SiC-based modular power converter based on low-power validation experiments. Switching model of the modular power converter is developed and low-power validation experimental results are provided. Different sources of uncertainties causing the deviation of the modeling and simulation results from the real system behavior are identified, characterized, and quantified via verification and validation analysis using the switching model and low-power validation experiments. A regression-based model is then used to extrapolate the estimated model form uncertainty (MFU) to the full-power condition where there is no experimental data available.
Discovery of Stable Non-opioid Dynorphin A Analogues Interacting at the Bradykinin Receptors for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain.

Dynorphin A (Dyn A) is a unique endogenous ligand that possesses well-known neuroinhibitory effects via opioid receptors with a preference for the kappa receptor but also neuroexcitatory effects, which cause hyperalgesia. We have shown that the neuroexcitatory effects are mediated through bradykinin (BK) receptors and that intrathecal (i.th.) administration of our lead ligand 1, [des-Arg7]-Dyn A-(4–11), which shows good binding affinity (IC50 = 150 nM) at the BK receptors, blocks Dyn A-induced hyperalgesia in naive animals and reverses thermal and tactile hypersensitivities in a dose-dependent manner in nerve-injured animals. However, 1 has a serious drawback as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of neuropathic pain because of its susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. In an effort to increase its stability, we modified ligand 1 using non-natural amino acids and found that analogues substituted at or near the N-terminus with a d-isomer retain binding at the receptor and provide a large increas...
The Need for an Interdisciplinary Field of Hate Studies

Hate is a normative part of the human experience. Look at history. Regardless of when, where, under what economic or political system, what major religion is followed, or any other variable, people have always had the capacity to define someone else as an “other,” and hate him, often with deadly results.
Complications in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

Complications in regional anesthesia and pain medicine , Complications in regional anesthesia and pain medicine , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
Techniques to Modify Hazardous Drinking Patterns

There is an enormous empirical literature evaluating and comparing the effectiveness of the many available intervention techniques for alcohol abuse. This chapter is restricted to a description and evaluation of methods designed to modify hazardous drinking patterns at early stages, before the emergence of severe problems and dependence. Thus, the methods described are not limited to interventions with an intended goal of total abstinence. Their common aim is to decrease the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption to a level at which drinking no longer presents a significant risk to the individual’s physical and psychological health. The complete cessation of drinking represents one way in which this can be accomplished, but a more common outcome is moderate and nonproblem drinking.
External Validation of the HERNIAscore: An Observational Study.

Background The HERNIAscore is a ventral incisional hernia (VIH) risk assessment tool that uses only preoperative variables and predictable intraoperative variables. The aim of this study was to validate and modify, if needed, the HERNIAscore in an external dataset. Study Design This was a retrospective observational study of all patients undergoing resection for gastrointestinal malignancy from 2011 through 2015 at a safety-net hospital. The primary end point was clinical postoperative VIH. Patients were stratified into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups based on HERNIAscore. A revised HERNIAscore was calculated with the addition of earlier abdominal operation as a categorical variable. Cox regression of incisional hernia with stratification by risk class was performed. Incidence rates of clinical VIH formation within each risk class were also calculated. Results Two hundred and forty-seven patents were enrolled. On Cox regression, in addition to the 3 variables of the HERNIAscore (BMI, COPD, and incision length), earlier abdominal operation was also predictive of VIH. The revised HERNIAscore demonstrated improved predictive accuracy for clinical VIH. Although the original HERNIAscore effectively stratified the risk of an incisional radiographic VIH developing, the revised HERNIAscore provided a statistically significant stratification for both clinical and radiographic VIHs in this patient cohort. Conclusions We have externally validated and improved the HERNIAscore. The revised HERNIAscore uses BMI, incision length, COPD, and earlier abdominal operation to predict risk of postoperative incisional hernia. Future research should assess methods to prevent incisional hernias in moderate-to-high risk patients.
Higgs Mass in Salam-Weinberg Theory

The Salam-Weinberg theory, of electroweak interactions, is discussed under the premise that the pure λφ4 theory is trivial in four dimensions. Arguments underlying this premise are reviewed; it is shown that the requirement of consistency leads to an upper bound of about 125GeV for the Higgs-mass, if the mass of the top-quark is less than 80GeV and the theory is realized in the canonical way.
Stage Four: Reflection and Growth

This chapter provides the reader with a description of the steps in stage four of the prosocial leadership development process. Specifically, this chapter reviews the components of stage four, then discusses the development process and the nature of the relationship between steps in stage four. The chapter then defines each of the three steps in this stage: self-reflective assessment, commitment to future goals and the progressive nature of growth. A discussion also describes the function of the two foundational elements that remain consistent throughout the process: the projected representative and integration. The chapter resolves with a short discussion of and reflection on the critical components of stage three.
Induction and Inhibition Compounds

Enzyme systems in detoxification processes including phase I and phase II enzymes protect the cells from toxic effects mediated by a variety of foreign compounds. The hypotheses underlying the defense against xenobiotics-mediated toxicity include (a) the reduction of activation by inhibiting phase I activation enzymes, (b) the enhancement of detoxification by inducing phase II detoxification enzymes, and (c) the glutathione antioxidant protection against reactive oxygen species. Phase I enzyme inhibition is mainly concentrated on CYP450. Phase II enzyme induction is largely focused on UDP-glucuronosyl transferases, glutathione S-transferases, and quinone reductases. Glutathione is considered as not only a nucleophilic scavenger of reactive oxygen species, but also a conjugation cofactor in glutathione S-transferase catalyzed reactions.
Thin-film composite membranes on polyester woven mesh with variable opening size for pressure-retarded osmosis

Abstract This paper reports findings on the role of woven polyester mesh size on burst strength and mass-transfer resistance of thin-film composite membranes used for pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). Hand-cast and commercial membranes were mounted on standard woven mesh backings with different opening sizes. Characterization of the membranes was done using scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, and burst pressure measurements. Membrane performance was assessed by water permeance, reverse salt flux, and osmotic water flux measurements; and correlated with estimates of membrane structural characteristics. Results show that woven mesh polyester backings provide sufficient strength to the overall structure for PRO; however, the porous support layer undergoes deformations that depend on the opening size of the backing. An opening size of 125 µm or smaller provided sufficient strength to a commercial porous support layer when operating at transmembrane pressures at or below 2750 kPa. Next, it was found that the nonwoven backing contributes extensively to the value of the overall structural parameter in the case of the commercial SW30HRLE membrane. Using a woven mesh #325 as polyester backing reduced the SW30HRLE structural parameter by 74%, yielding a 48% improvement in power density. These findings support the idea that mass-transfer resistances in osmotic-driven processes like PRO are an additive effect of the multiple layers that compose a membrane (or module), and can be reduced by using more open (yet functional) backing layers such as polyester woven mesh.
Symmetries of the Eikonal equation

Abstract The infinitesimal algebra of Lie symmetries of the Eikonal equation is shown to be isomorphic to o ( n + 1 , 2 ) when there are n independent variables. An explicit basis is found that is aligned with the standard basis coming from the standard matrix representation of o ( n + 1 , 2 ) thereby making it possible to read off inequivalent one-dimensional symmetry vector fields. The symmetries are used to construct various solutions of the Eikonal equation.
Abel Soler Molina, «El corsari Jaume de Vilaragut i la donzella Carmesina. El cavaller que inspirà el “Tirant lo Blanc”», València, Edicions Alfons el Magnànim («Estudis universitaris», núm. 133), 2014. 2 vols. 981 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7822-639-9

Ressenya del llibre: Abel Soler Molina, El corsari Jaume de Vilaragut i la donzella Carmesina.El cavaller que inspira el “Tirant lo Blanc” , Valencia, Edicions Alfons el Magnanim(«Estudis universitaris», num. 133), 2014. 2 vols. 981 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7822-639-9
The Ministry of … Grading?

The teaching vocation in Christian higher education has many challenges and benefits. Most careers have a “necessary evil” attached to them. Among those who teach, grading is at the top of the list...
Serial Diaphragm Ultrasonography to Predict Successful Discontinuation of Mechanical Ventilation.

Diaphragm excursion and contraction velocity measured using ultrasonography have been used to assess diaphragm function. We aimed to evaluate the performance of diaphragm ultrasonography during weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV). Diaphragm ultrasonography was performed on 73 mechanically ventilated patients who were being considered for extubation on three separate occasions: (1) on assist control mode (A/C) during consistent patient triggered ventilation, (2) following 30 min during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), (3) 4–24 h following extubation. Right hemidiaphragm excursion and contraction velocity were measured on A/C, during SBT, and following extubation. These measurements were correlated with the outcome of extubation. Twenty patients failed extubation: 6 of whom required re-intubation and 14 of whom required non-invasive ventilatory support. During SBT, the mean diaphragm excursions were 1.7 ± 0.82 cm in the group who failed extubation compared to 2.1 ± 0.9 cm in the group who were successfully extubated (p = 0.06). To predict successful extubation, a decrease in diaphragm excursion of < 16.4% between A/C and SBT had a sensitivity of 84.9% and a specificity of 65%. The area under curve (AUC) for receiver operative characteristics for above cut-off was 0.75. Diaphragm contraction velocity performed poorly in predicting weaning outcome. Diaphragm excursion measured during SBT is an imperfect predictor of the outcome of extubation. Maintenance of diaphragm excursion between A/C and SBT has good performance characteristics by AUC analysis. Diaphragm contraction velocity has poor ability to predict outcome of extubation.
Preoperative Evaluation of Paragangliomas of the Neck with Duplex Ultrasonography

ObjectiveParagangliomas in the neck are infrequent tumors that most frequently require surgical resection. Their diagnosis is possible with duplex ultrasonography, which can also assist in suggesti...
ON THE MEASUREMENTS OF D/H IN QSO ABSORPTION SYSTEMS Closing in on the primordial abundance of deuterium

We present our measurements of the deuterium to hydrogen ratio (D/H) in QSO absorption systems, which give D/H = 3.40 ± 0.25 × 10-5 based on analysis of four independent systems. We discuss the properties of two systems which provide the strongest constraints on D/H. We outline the systematic effects involved in measurements of D/H and introduce a sophisticated method of analysis which properly accounts for these effects.
Appendiceal endosalpingiosis: clinical presentation and imaging appearance of a rare condition of the appendix

Endosalpingiosis rarely affects the appendix but can be mistaken for acute appendicitis or appendiceal tumors. The medical literature regarding appendiceal endosalpingiosis is sparse; consisting of only four case reports which are primarily focused on the histopathology but provide little radiologic correlation. Endosalpingiosis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of benign fallopian tubal-like glandular epithelium derived from Mullerian ducts, usually affecting the serosal surfaces of the pelvis and peritoneum. It is histologically differentiated from endometriosis as endosalpingiosis lacks endometrial stroma. Endosalpingiosis tends to affect older women and has been associated with ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential. After a retrospective review of a pathology database, we present pathologically proven cases of appendiceal endosalpingiosis with correlative imaging. We discuss the clinical presentation, illustrate the CT and MRI appearance, histologic characteristics, and review the current medical literature of appendiceal endosalpingiosis.
Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning: Results of the Minority Aging Research Study

Objective Investigate associations of early-life residence and school segregation with cognitive change in the Minority Aging Research Study. Methods Four hundred ninety-eight blacks (age ~ 73.5; 75% = women) without dementia at baseline self-reported State of birth, residence at age 12, and school segregation status. Census Bureau definitions of South and Northeast/Midwest were used to categorize early-life residence. We evaluated global cognition and five cognitive domains at baseline and annually for ~7.5 years. Linear mixed effects models examined the associations of region of birth and residence at age 12 with baseline level and longitudinal change in cognition. Additional models examined school segregation experience. Results ~65% of Southern-born participants still lived in the South at age 12. Southern birth was associated with lower baseline global cognition and all cognitive domains (p-values ≤ .02) compared to Northern birth, but not cognitive change. A similar profile was seen for Southern residence at age 12. Segregation experience significantly modified associations of residence at age 12 on levels of cognition. Participants residing in the South attending a legally desegregated school demonstrated lower baseline levels of cognition (global, semantic, and working memory) than their Northeast/Midwest counterparts attending a legally desegregated or segregated school as well as their Southern counterparts attending a legally segregated school. This profile for participants attending a desegregated school in the South held for processing speed and visuospatial ability in comparisons to Northeast/Midwest counterparts, particularly those attending a legally desegregated school. Conclusion Baseline cognition was poorer in individuals born and residing in the South, particularly those attending desegregated schools at age 12.
Social bonds in the dispersing sex: partner preferences among adult female chimpanzees.

In most primate societies, strong and enduring social bonds form preferentially among kin, who benefit from cooperation through direct and indirect fitness gains. Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, differ from most species by showing consistent female-biased dispersal and strict male philopatry. In most East African populations, females tend to forage alone in small core areas and were long thought to have weak social bonds of little biological significance. Recent work in some populations is challenging this view. However, difficulties remain in quantifying the influence of shared space use on association patterns, and in identifying the drivers of partner preferences and social bonds. Here, we use the largest data set on wild chimpanzee behaviour currently available to assess potential determinants of female association patterns. We quantify pairwise similarities in ranging, dyadic association and grooming for 624 unique dyads over 38 years, including 17 adult female kin dyads. To search for social preferences that could not be explained by spatial overlap alone, we controlled for expected association based on pairwise kernel volume intersections of core areas. We found that association frequencies among females with above-average overlap correlated positively with grooming rates, suggesting that associations reflected social preferences in these dyads. Furthermore, when available, females preferred kin over nonkin partners for association and grooming, and variability was high among nonkin dyads. While variability in association above and below expected values was high, on average, nonkin associated more frequently if they had immature male offspring, while having female offspring had the opposite effect. Dominance rank, an important determinant of reproductive success at Gombe, influenced associations primarily for low-ranking females, who associated preferentially with each other. Our findings support the hypothesis that female chimpanzees form well-differentiated social relationships that are of potential adaptive value to females and their offspring.
Ambulatory status after surgical and nonsurgical treatment for spinal metastasis.

Background Decisions for operative or nonoperative management remain challenging for patients with spinal metastases, especially when life expectancy and quality of life are not easily predicted. This study evaluated the effects of operative and nonoperative management on maintenance of ambulatory function and survival for patients treated for spinal metastases. Methods Propensity matching was used to yield an analytic sample in which operatively and nonoperatively treated patients were similar with respect to key baseline covariates. The study included patients treated for spinal metastases between 2005 and 2017 who were 40 to 80 years old, were independent ambulators at presentation, and had fewer than 5 medical comorbidities. It evaluated the influence of operative care and nonoperative care on ambulatory function 6 months after presentation as the primary outcome. Survival at 6 months and survival at 1 year were secondary outcomes. Results Nine hundred twenty-nine individuals eligible for inclusion were identified, with 402 (201 operative patients and 201 nonoperative patients) retained after propensity score matching. Patients treated operatively had a lower likelihood than those treated nonoperatively of being nonambulatory 6 months after presentation (3% vs 16%; relative risk [RR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.46) as well as a reduced risk of 6-month mortality (20% vs 29%; RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.98). Conclusions These results indicate that in a group of patients with similar demographic and clinical characteristics, those treated operatively were less likely to lose ambulatory function 6 months after presentation than those managed nonoperatively. For patients with spinal metastases, our data can be incorporated into discussions about the treatments that align best with patients' preferences regarding surgical risk, mortality, and ambulatory status.
Quick and Easy Recipes for Hypergunk

ABSTRACTI argue for the possibility of hypergunk: that is, it is possible that there exists an x such that every part of x has a proper part and, for any set S of parts of x, there is a set S′ of p...
Material Characterisation for Infrared Hybrid Arrays

Hybrid focal plane arrays using PV HgCdTe have been developed in 128×128 and 256×256 formats mated through indium interconnects to Si CMOS readouts. The band of response for these arrays range from 0.8 – 2.5 microns with pixel sizes of 40microns × 40 microns for the 256×256 and 60×60 for the 128×128 arrays. Mean dark currents lower than 5e- /s at 77K and 0.2- /s at 60K have been measured. Detector noise is typically of the order of 2 E -16 A/Hz at 1Hz under bias of -500V. The arrays exhibit quantum efficiencies of 50%.
Treatment approaches for autism: Evaluating options and making informed choices.

THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMED CHOICE The premise of this chapter is that consumer-informed choice is a critical aspect of service delivery for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Typically, children cannot make informed choices and must rely on the good judgment of parents, caregivers, and professionals. In most service delivery systems, especially early intervention, great weight is placed on parental preference. This does not mean each family receives exactly the type, proportion, and intensity of service desired, but it does mean that parental preference is a significant factor that is usually considered and discussed.
Quantifying the interruption impact of activity delays in non-serial repetitive construction projects

Available scheduling models for repetitive construction projects can be classified as serial or non-serial. Serial models assume that each repetitive activity is limited to have only one predecesso...
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydromorphone after intravenous and intramuscular administration in horses

Abstract Objective To compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydromorphone in horses after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration. Study design Randomized, masked, crossover design. Animals A total of six adult horses weighing [mean ± standard deviation (SD))] 447 ± 61 kg. Methods Horses were administered three treatments with a 7 day washout. Treatments were hydromorphone 0.04 mg kg⁻1 IV with saline administered IM (H-IV), hydromorphone 0.04 mg kg⁻1 IM with saline IV (H-IM), or saline IV and IM (P). Blood was collected for hydromorphone plasma concentration at multiple time points for 24 hours after treatments. Pharmacodynamic data were collected for 24 hours after treatments. Variables included thermal nociceptive threshold, heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (fR), rectal temperature, and fecal weight. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects linear models. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean ± SD hydromorphone terminal half-life (t1/2), clearance and volume of distribution of H-IV were 19 ± 8 minutes, 79 ± 12.9 mL minute⁻1 kg⁻1 and 1125 ± 309 mL kg⁻1. The t1/2 was 26.7 ± 9.25 minutes for H-IM. Area under the curve was 518 ± 87.5 and 1128 ± 810 minute ng mL⁻1 for H-IV and H-IM, respectively. The IM bioavailability was 217%. The overall thermal thresholds for both H-IV and H-IM were significantly greater than P (p Conclusions and clinical relevance IM hydromorphone has high bioavailability and provides a similar degree of antinociception to IV administration. IM hydromorphone in horses provides a similar degree and duration of antinociception to IV administration.
Cervical Cancer Screening Using Visual Inspection after Application of 5% Acetic Acid (VIA) in Rural West Bengal

ABSTRACT Background Because of problem of manpower in developing countries, cytology screening for cervical cancer is gradually replaced by a Visual Inspection after application of 5% acetic acid (VIA) with triage of colposcopy. Objectives Hence, government and other funding bodies in India are now eager to see its efficacy in the field to screen and manage cervical pre cancer (CIN) in a “see & treat” approach. Methods This simple technology combined with colposcopy is planned in a biotechnology based programme for women under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India where efficacy of VIA was assessed by camp approach in rural area of a remote district (Burdwan) of West Bengal province in India from August 2010 to August 2011. We used video colposcopy as triage and managed positive cases by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP). We evaluated our early screening and management results by finding out detection rates of early lesions of cervix and in this uncontrolled observational study. Results A total of 2836 women participated in our rural camp for screening during this period. Amongst them 2354women could be subjected to visual inspection by acetic acid (VIA) using 200 watt bulb and 5% acetic acid by the trainedcommunity nurse. We could not do VIA in 482 subjects because of no consent-22.80%, non-cooperation-23.40%, unmarried-18.60%, menstruating-12.80%, pregnant-10.50%, hysterectomised-9.10% and cervix cancer neglected or infollow up-2.50%. We could detect 415 cases of VIA positive cases showing white lesion in their cervix. Colposcopic prediction of cervical Intra-epithelial neoplasia grade I(CIN I) lesion could be detected in 174 cases. These cases are of no immediate risk and most of them actually showregression of their disease. Hence, they are advised to have follow-up colposcopy after six months. There were 25 cases of condyloma/ polyp. They were managed by electro- cautery. We could detect and treat 33 cases of CIN II andIII which are precursor of cervical cancer. They were treated by LEEP. Conclusion Our results show that VIA with colposcopy triage is viable option in rural cervical cancer screening programme in our outreach program. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Endoscopic Closure of a Large Rectovesical Fistula Following Robotic Prostatectomy.

Background: Rectovesical fistulae (RVF) are uncommon complications of pelvic surgeries and are a potential cause of significant morbidity. RVF are not typically closed endoscopically but rather require reoperative surgery of the lower pelvis with closure of tract, interposition of fat or omentum, and possible permanent bowel diversion. We present a unique case of a rectovesical fistula developing after robotic prostatectomy that was managed by multimodal multistage endoscopic therapy as an alternative to conventional operative repair. Case Presentation: A healthy 78-year-old Caucasian man underwent a robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection for high-risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by an unrecognized rectal injury culminating in emergent exploration, abdominal washout, creation of a diverting loop transverse colostomy, and resultant development of a large rectovesical fistula. Given the patient's hostile abdomen and desire for conservative management the fistula was managed through a combined cystoscopic and endoscopic procedure that utilized suturing and clipping to close the fistula. This novel technique was followed by a series of three subsequent endoscopic procedures that enabled us to gradually downsize the fistula over time and ultimately achieve complete closure. The patient's colostomy was eventually reversed with return of bowel continuity. Conclusion: Although uncommon, RVF are significant complications of pelvic surgery. The presence of abdominal/pelvic adhesions from previous surgeries or patient comorbidities can make open surgical repair extremely challenging or impracticable. Therefore, it is important to recognize and consider the use of endoscopic techniques as potential options for closure of rectovesical fistula in certain situations.
Empowering Students Via Travel: Probing the Arab-Israeli Conflict from the Field

Teaching the intricacies of the Arab-Israeli conflict to undergraduates in a comprehensive and dispassionate manner presents numerous difficulties, even under controlled classroom conditions. As logistically difficult as it is, traveling to the region and exploring the issues through direct interactions with its various peoples, places, groups, and polities allows for a unique and meaningful opportunity to unravel otherwise unfathomable elements of this complex case. This paper documents the particular successes, challenges, and missteps of a recent international travel-learning course which brought a group of American undergraduates to Israel and the West Bank for an intensive learning experience.
The Powerful (but Constrained) Strength of Behavioral Interventions

Nations and organizations have become increasingly interested in using behavioral interventions or “nudges” to promote personal wellness and prosocial behavior. Interventions can powerfully alter b...
Exposure to Opposing Reasons Reduces Negative Impressions of Ideological Opponents

Abstract Americans have become increasingly likely to dislike, distrust, and derogate their ideological opponents on contemporary social and political issues. We hypothesized that a lack of exposure to compelling reasons, arguments, and evidence from ideological opponents might at least partly explain negative views of those opponents. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that participants assume their ideological opponents, in comparison to their ideological allies, are less likely to have good reasons for their positions. Moreover, we found that the more strongly participants believe their opponents lack good reasons for their positions, the more likely they are to report that those opponents lack both intellectual capabilities and moral character. Critically, exposure to arguments favoring their opponents' position produced more favorable impressions of those opponents. We discuss possible implications of these results for the role of reasons and reasoning in political discourse, and for productive disagreement in a functioning democracy.
Conjugated MEMS Phased Arrays for Large Field of View Random Access Scanning

Multiple microelectromechanical system (MEMS) phased arrays in optical conjugation enable scanning over extended angular ranges beyond what is possible with a single device. We demonstrate this method for random access beam steering at 250 kHz using a MEMS phased array and a switchable grating modulator, achieving 4,352 resolvable lines from 2,176 line pairs over a field of view (FOV) of ±3.74° in the Fourier plane. With projection optics, this is extended to a far-field FOV of ±24.7° without reduction of the number of resolvable lines.
Successful Treatment of Vaginal and Pelvic Microcystic Lymphatic Malformation with 50% Ethanol Injection via Lymph Node Angiography.

Abstract Background Clinically, surgical treatment and sclerotherapy are the main treatments for lymphatic malformation (LM), but the diagnosis and treatment of microcystic LM has numerous pitfalls. Microcystic LM within the vagina and pelvis is not easily visible, and there are many side effects of treatment. Lymphangiography, a relatively old method of identifying diseases of the lymphatic system, has been rarely used in clinical settings because of the difficulty of performing this test. In this article, we describe the use of a special lesion site adjacent to the nearby lymph nodes for the treatment of vaginal and pelvic microcystic LM. Case Lymphangiography was performed using lymph node aspiration combined with direct local puncture of the lesion, guided by the injection of iodine oil, which can produce a better outcome and more complete removal of the lesion. Finally, sclerotherapy was conducted using a low concentration of 50% ethanol with good fluidity, which covered the lesion to a great extent. This methodology was shown to be effective in treating children with vaginal and pelvic microcystic LM.
Quantitative measurement of reactive oxygen species in ex vivo mouse brain slices.

Summary Evaluating redox homeostasis involves gauging the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) directly in tissues and cells. The brain is especially metabolically active and is particularly vulnerable to excessive ROS and RNS. Here, we describe a methodology to quantitatively measure ROS in ex vivo mouse brain slices at baseline and after neural stimulation. Evaluating ROS in slices provides a more complete picture of neural redox signaling than when measured in isolated neurons or astrocytes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Vasavda et al. (2019) .
Neuropeptide Substance P Enhances Skin Wound Healing In Vitro and In Vivo under Hypoxia.

Pressure ulcers (PUs) or sores are a secondary complication of diabetic neuropathy and traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). PUs tend to occur in soft tissues located around bony prominences and may heal slowly or not at all. A common mechanism underlying impaired healing of PUs may be dysfunction of the local neurovascular system including deficiency of essential neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP). Previous studies indicate that disturbance in cutaneous sensory innervation leads to a defect in all stages of wound healing, as is the case after SCI. It is hypothesized that nerve fibers enhance wound healing by promoting initial inflammation via the releasing of neuropeptides such as SP. Therefore, we investigated whether exogenous SP improves skin wound healing using in vitro and in vivo models. For in vitro studies, the effects of SP on keratinocyte proliferation and wound closure after a scratch injury were studied under normoxia (pO2 ~21%) or hypoxia (pO2 ~1%) and in presence of normal serum (10% v/v) or low serum (1% v/v) concentrations. Hypoxia and low serum both significantly slowed cell proliferation and wound closure. Under combined low serum and hypoxia, used to mimic the nutrient- and oxygen-poor environment of chronic wounds, SP (10−7 M) significantly enhanced cell proliferation and wound closure rate. For in vivo studies, two full-thickness excisional wounds were created with a 5 mm biopsy punch on the dorsum on either side of the midline of 15-week-old C57BL/6J male and female mice. Immediately, wounds were treated topically with one dose of 0.5 μg SP or PBS vehicle. The data suggest a beneficial role in wound closure and reepithelization, and thus enhanced wound healing, in male and female mice. Taken together, exogenously applied neuropeptide SP enhanced wound healing via cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Thus, exogenous SP may be a useful strategy to explore further for treating PUs in SCI and diabetic patients.
Code-Meshing as World English: Pedagogy, Policy, Performance, edited by Vershawn Ashanti Young and Aja Y. Martínez

The introduction to Code-Meshing as World English: Pedagogy, Policy, Performance begins with what editors Vershawn Ashanti Young and Aja Y. Martinez call “a vision” (p. xix). “What if all English u...
Identification of quantifiable hemodynamic factors in the assessment of cerebral aneurysm behavior : On behalf of the Subcommittee on Biorheology of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the ISTH

Previous experimental and theoretical studies on the hemodynamics of saccular intracranial aneurysms have provided evidence that aneurysms tend to grow, thrombose and rupture when (1) wall shear stress and mural tension are increased compared to normal values, and (2) flow deviates from a laminar unidirectional pattern (for example flow recirculation). Aneurysm wall shear stress, however, is the only hemodynamic factor which has received special attention in terms of estimation. Additional flow-related parameters exist which could potentially bring increased insight into mechanisms for cerebral aneurysm behavior; they could also help categorize the severity of such malformations and design effective intravascular treatment techniques. The purpose of this paper is thus to present an overview of such hemodynamic factors that could assist in determining the geometries which present the greatest risks to patients. These parameters include (1) hemodynamic shear stress, (2) pressure and related stresses, (3) impingement force on the aneurysm wall, (4) inflow rate into the aneurysm, and (5) residence time of blood within the aneurysmal sac. In addition, these factors can also be currently estimated in an in vitro setting.
A chemical test for pregnancy applied to the determination of estrin in the urine of normal and toxemic patients in the last trimester of pregnancy

Abstract 1. 1. By means of a chemical test for pregnancy6 a definitely lowered level of estrin excretion in the urine has been found in a series of cases in the late toxemias of pregnancy. Determinations upon the urines of normal patients in the last trimester of pregnancy were run concurrently as controls to establish a normal level. 2. 2. In this series preeclampsia was not subdivided into “low reserve kidney” and preeclampsia. The late toxemias of pregnancy are considered in this paper as: chronic nephritis complicating pregnancy, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. No cases of true eclampsia appear in this series. 3. 3. Sixty hospitalized patients in the last trimester of their pregnancies were carefully studied clinically, and complete twenty-four-hour urine specimens were examined for estrin. 4. 4. While the line of demarcation is not sharp in 30 per cent of the cases, it has been possible to divide 70 per cent into those normal patients who were free from any evidences of toxemia; those patients suffering from chronic nephritis complicating pregnancy; and those whose clinical diagnosis was preeclampsia. The average estrin excretion expressed as the “ferric chloride number” for 21 normal cases was 83.30; for 19 cases of chronic nephritis complicating pregnancy 51.67; and for 20 cases of preeclampsia, 36.87.
Ray trace modeling of multipath in ultrasound power measurement system

A ray tracing ultrasound model that calculates the ultrasound pressure at some point in a water tank remote from an ultrasound source is described. The method parallels the process of geometric optics and assumes constant ultrasound speed in water. The discussion of an experiment results shows the validation of the ray trace modeling method, and an algorithm is also presented that finds the optimal measurement settings for an existing ultrasound power measurement system to minimize the effect of multipath. The formation of multiple images of an ultrasound source due to the reflecting surfaces can further simplify the calculation. A tone-burst signal was fed to the transducer so that the direct waves and reflections can be distinguished by their different arrival times at the hydrophone. Experimental data showed that the measured beam shapes are within ∓5 mm of those calculated by the ray trace model.
Studies in process synthesis—II: Evolutionary synthesis of optimal process flowsheets☆

Abstract The method most often used by process designers to solve the formidable task of synthesizing a process flowsheet is probably the evolutionary approach. The method is easily based on the previous experience of the designer and involves moving to better and better flow-sheets by making a succession of small improvements to an existing one. This paper presents a first step to organize the evotutionary synthesis of process flowsheets. In general terms it discusses the rules to make modifications and their desired properties, strategies to use these rules, and the various means to compare flowsheets. Specific rules and strategies are then proposed and successfully demonstrated on the evolutionary synthesis of multicomponent separation flowsheets. Where appropriate, proofs are given that these specific modification have the stated desired properties.
Thermal lens calorimetry

Abstract The laser-induced thermal lens effect has been applied to the calorimetric detection of absorbing samples having negligible fluorescence quantum yields. A simple but fast method for numerically fitting the thermal lens transient data, during the 0.25-sec period while the sample cools, allows the instrument to serve as a real-time absorbance monitor. Preliminary results, using 190 mW laser power, indicate detection limits of Amin ≈ 1.5·10-5 cm-1 for a 5-sec response time.
Role of myristoylation in membrane attachment and function of G alpha i-3 on Golgi membranes

Heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunits localized on the cytoplasmic face of Golgi membranes are involved in regulating vesicle trafficking and protein secretion. We investigated the role of myristoylation in attachment of the G alpha i-3 subunit to Golgi membranes. G alpha i-3 was epitope-tagged by insertion of a FLAG sequence at an NH2-terminal site predicted to interfere with myristoylation, and the resulting NT-alpha i-3 construct was stably transfected and expressed in polarized epithelial LLC-PK1 cells. Metabolic labeling confirmed that the translation product of NT-alpha i-3 was not myristoylated. In contrast to endogenous G alpha 1-3, which is tightly bound to Golgi membranes, the unmyristoylated FLAG-tagged NT-alpha i-3 did not attach to membranes; it was localized by immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm of LLC-PK1 cells and was detected only in the cytosol fraction of cell homogenates. Pertussis toxin-dependent ADP-ribosylation was used to test the ability of NT-alpha i-3 to interact with membrane-bound beta gamma-subunits. In both in vitro and in vivo assays, cytosolic NT-alpha i-3 alone was not ADP-ribosylated, although in the presence of membranes it could interact with G beta gamma-subunits to form heterotrimers. The expression of NT-alpha i-3 in LLC-PK1 cells altered the rate of basolateral secretion of sulfated proteoglycans, consistent with the demonstrated function of endogenous G alpha i-3. These data are consistent with a model in which G alpha i-3 utilizes NH2-terminal myristoylation to bind to Golgi membranes and to maximize its interaction with G beta gamma-subunits. Furthermore, our results show that stable attachment of G alpha i-3 to Golgi membranes is not required for it to participate as a regulatory element in vesicle trafficking in the secretory pathway.
THE CONFISCATING HENCHMEN: THE MASQUERADE OF MING EMBROIDERED-UNIFORM GUARD LIU SHOUYOU

AbstractThe story of how Embroidered-Uniform Guard confiscators defied the Ming Emperor Wanli (r. 1573–1620) to uphold their own particular view of justice is rich in detail, but has been virtually ignored in scholarship on Ming cultural history. This paper presents a case study of the Embroidered-Uniform Guard confiscator Liu Shouyou (c. 1540–1604) and his guardsmen, who risked their own lives in assisting the deposed grand secretary to illegally evade property confiscations from Wanli. What constituted the guards’ moral justification for abusing the law in this way, and what did this violation indicate about the relationship among the emperor, his former grand secretary, and confiscating guards? This paper complicates the negative historical portrayal of the guards as corrupt henchmen by probing the motivation of the Liu squad, who strove to find an equilibrium between obedience and ethics in capital society. Finally, this analysis opens a door to future studies on the intersection of art collecting and...
Completeness theorems for continuous functions and product topologies

In this paper we formulate a first order theory of continuous functions on product topologies via generalized quantifiers. We present an axiom system for continuous functions on product topologies and prove a completeness theorem for them with respect to topological models. We also show that if a theory has a topological model which satisfies the Hausdorff separation axiom, then it has a 0-dimensional, normal topological model. We conclude by obtaining an axiomatization for topological algebraic structures, e.g. topological groups, proving a completeness theorem for the analogue with countable conjunctions and disjunctions, and presenting counterexamples to interpolation and definability.
Nonspecific binding of mouse monoclonal antibodies toClostridium difficile toxins A and B

Several recent reports have described large numbers of monoclonal antibodies that cross-react with toxins A and B ofClostridium difficile; this suggests that the toxins share major epitopes. Our results show that monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against other antigens bind nonspecifically to both toxins. Therefore, we believe that the cross-reacting MAb bind by this manner and not by a true immune reaction.
Preliminary impulsive stimulated light scattering study of the glass-forming liquid LiCl/H2O: evidence for unusual structural relaxation dynamics

Abstract The glass-forming aqueous electrolyte LiCl/H2O (13 mol%) was studied using impulsive stimulated light scattering, a time delayed four-wave mixing (‘transient grating’) technique. The excitation pulses deposit heat in the sample through weak optical absorption, and the time-dependent density response of the sample is monitored by variably delayed probe pulses. In most viscoelastic samples, longitudinal acoustic waves (the transient density response) and gradual thermal expansion (leading to a steady-state density response which eventually decays due to thermal diffusion) were observed. In LiCl/H2O an additional and unusual response was observed. Thermal expansion is followed by contraction on a timescale much faster than that of thermal diffusion. Possible microscopic origins of this response are suggested.
Effects of Nuclear Radiation and Elevated Temperature Storage on Electroexplosive Devices

Aerospace type electroexplosive devices (EEDs) were subjected to nuclear radiation. Components and chemicals used in the EEDs were also included. The kind of radiation and total dosage administered were those which may be experienced in a space flight of 10 years duration, based on information available at this time. After irradiation, the items were stored in elevated constant-temperature ovens to accelerate early effects of the exposure to radiation. Periodically, samples were withdrawn for visual observation and testing. Significant changes occurred which were attributed to elevated-temperature storage and not radiation.
Dangerous medicines: unproven AIDS cures and counterfeit antiretroviral drugs.

Background Increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a critical goal endorsed by the United Nations and all of its member states. At the same time, anecdotal accounts suggest that the promotion of unproven AIDS 'cures' and remedies are widespread, and in the case of The Gambia, Iran and South Africa, have been promoted by governments directly. Although a range of legislative and regulatory measures have been adopted by some governments, and technical assistance has been provided by international agencies to address counterfeit medicines generally, the threat of counterfeit antiretroviral drugs is not being addressed.
Multiple Sclerosis: New Approaches to Immunotherapy

Until recently, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) was restricted to symptomatic therapies. Advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS are now resulting in the rapid proliferation of treatment strategies to slow or stop the progression of this disease. Clearly, immunological therapies can improve outcomes in MS and offer hope that this crippling disease can be controlled before patients develop major neurological disabilities. Immunological therapies under investigation for the treatment of MS are taking advantage of dramatic improvements in our understanding of immunoregulation. In addition, immunological treatment of MS is becoming selective relative to myelin antigens, enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity. The Neuroscientist 2:127-136, 1996