cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In silico analysis of RNA and small RNA sequencing data from human BM-MSCs and differentiated osteocytes, chondrocytes and tenocytes

Summary Background Adult stem cells have a remarkable capacity of differentiating into various cell types necessary for tissue and organ regeneration. Multiple studies have focused on the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), however little is known about the molecular characteristics of MSCs and their progenies obtained from donors of different ages. In this study, we analyzed publicly available sequencing data obtained from young (~22-year-old, n = 8) and older (~65.5-year-old, n = 8) donors of MSCs and their differentiated counterparts: osteocytes, chondrocytes and tenocytes. The raw mRNA and small RNA (non-coding RNA) sequencing data was downloaded from NIH BioProjects and systematically analyzed in order to identify uniquely expressed genes in MSC-derived osteocytes, chondrocytes and tenocytes of younger and older people. Results We identified many commonly up- and downregulated genes are similar in both groups. However, the young group displayed a greater variety of differentially expressed genes in all analyzed MSC-derived cells. This discrepancy in gene expression profiles between younger and older groups may indicate a greater differentiation potential of MSCs isolated from younger donors. miRNA and mRNA integrated analysis showed key miRNAs that regulate mRNAs in both groups from all differentiated lineages. Conclusions Our analysis provides additional information to previously reported data for identification of MSC markers of plasticity and engraftment. In addition, our data may shed light upon the molecular mechanisms of age-associated musculoskeletal diseases caused by a decreased capacity of MSCs to regenerate the locomotor system in elderly people.
Individual Valuing of Social Equality in Political and Personal Relationships

Social egalitarianism holds that individuals ought to have equal power over outcomes within relationships. Egalitarian philosophers have argued for this ideal by appealing to (sometimes implicit) features of political society. This way of grounding the social egalitarian principle renders it dependent on empirical facts about political culture. In particular, egalitarians have argued that social equality matters to citizens in political relationships in a way analogous to the value of equality in a marriage. In this paper, we show how egalitarian philosophers are committed to psychological premises, and then illustrate how to test the social egalitarian’s empirical claims. Using a nationally representative survey experiment, we find that citizens will sometimes prioritize equality over competing values, but that the weight of social equality diminishes when moving from personal to political cases. These findings raise questions for thinking about how to explain the normative significance of social equality.
Challenges and Barriers in Applying Natural Language Processing to Medical Examiner Notes from Fatal Opioid Poisoning Cases

We detail the challenges and barriers in applying natural language processing techniques to a collection of medical examiner case investigation notes related to fatal opioid poisonings. Major advances in biomedical informatics have made natural language processing (NLP) of medical texts both a realistic and useful task. Biomedical NLP tools are typically designed to process documents originating from biomedical libraries or electronic health records (EHRs). The usefulness of biomedical NLP tools on texts authored outside of EHRs is unclear, despite an abundance of medicolegal documents existing at the intersection of medicine and law. In particular, we detail our experiences processing unstructured text and extracting semantic concepts using case investigation notes; these notes were authored by trained investigative professionals working in a medical examiner’s office and describe cases containing deaths related to fatal opioid poisonings. Applying NLP to case notes is a particularly important step in generalizing the advances of biomedical NLP for other related domains and giving guidance to data scientists working with unstructured data generated outside of EHRs.
Non-linear and non-additive associations between the pregnancy metabolome and birthweight

Abstract Background Birthweight is an indicator of fetal growth and environmental-related alterations of birthweight have been linked with multiple disorders and conditions progressing into adulthood. Although a few studies have assessed the association between birthweight and the totality of exogenous exposures and their downstream molecular responses in maternal urine and cord blood; no prior research has considered a) the maternal serum prenatal metabolome, which is enriched for hormones, and b) non-linear and synergistic associations among exposures. Methods We measured the maternal serum metabolome during pregnancy using an untargeted metabolomics approach and birthweight for gestational age (BWGA) z-score in 410 mother-child dyads enrolled in the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) cohort. We leveraged a Bayesian factor analysis for interaction to select the most important metabolites associated with BWGA z-score and to evaluate their linear, non-linear and non-additive associations. We also assessed the primary biological functions of the identified proteins using the MetaboAnalyst, a centralized repository of curated functional information. We compared our findings with those of a traditional metabolite-wide association study (MWAS) in which metabolites are individually associated with BWGA z-score. Results Among 1110 metabolites, 46 showed evidence of U-shape associations with BWGA z-score. Most of the identified metabolites (85%) were lipids primarily enriched for pathways central to energy production, immune function, and androgen and estrogen metabolism, which are essential for pregnancy and parturition processes. Metabolites within the same class, i.e. steroids and phospholipids, showed synergistic relationships with each other. Conclusions Our results support that the aspects of the maternal metabolome during pregnancy contribute linearly, non-linearly and synergistically to variation in newborn birthweight.
Measuring and Integrating Facial Expressions and Head Pose as Indicators of Engagement and Affect in Tutoring Systems

While using online learning software, students demonstrate many reactions, various levels of engagement, and emotions (e.g. confusion, boredom, excitement). Having such information automatically accessible to teachers (or digital tutors) can aid in understanding how students are progressing, and suggest who and when needs further assistance. As part of this work, we conducted two studies using computer vision techniques to measure students’ engagement and affective states from their head pose and facial expressions, as they use an online tutoring system, MathSpring.org, designed to aid students’ practice of mathematics problem-solving. We present a Head Pose Tutor, which estimates the real-time head direction of students and responds to potential disengagement, and a Facial Expression-Augmented Teacher Dashboard, that identifies students’ affective states and provides this information to teachers. We collected video data of undergraduate students interacting with MathSpring. Preliminary results on MathSpring videos were encouraging indicating accuracy in detecting head orientation. A usability study was conducted with actual teachers to start to evaluate the possible impact of the proposed Teacher Dashboard software.
Fairness and Rejection in the Ultimatum Bargaining Game

The ultimatum game is a standard instrument for laboratory experimentalists. It has been replicated in a large number of environments and points to special considerations for fairness. Although it has been popular in the experimental community, researchers have not harnessed all the statistical power they should to evaluate the dynamics at work in this type of a bargaining game. This research uses two planned treatments, the first involving a signaling condition concerning a subject’s “type,” and the second a price effect built into the structure of the game. We find that there are no significant main effects as a result of the signaling condition of a subject’s type, but that there are strong effects as a result of the different payoff parameters. Using a variety of multivariate models we find important, nonobvious interactions with the gender of the subjects. The lesson that we take away from this research is that experimentalists can learn more from data collected in the tightly controlled laboratory environment by using statistical techniques that complement their research designs.
The Nature and Extent of Special Education Law in Teacher Preparation

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and extent that undergraduate special education programs teach special education law. Extant data from the state department of education websites...
Quorum Sensing in the Gastrointestinal Tract

This chapter reviews the published literature concerning quorum sensing (QS) among bacteria of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with particular emphasis on pathogenic species that cause infection in the GI tract. Three major QS circuits have been described: one used primarily by gram-negative bacteria, one used primarily by gram-positive bacteria, and one that is universal. The gram-negative bacterial QS system involves the use of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as autoinducers, which then bind to response regulators that affect gene expression. The first evidence that QS could be involved in the regulation of virulence factors of GI pathogens was found with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), which causes nonbloody diarrhea primarily in infants in developing countries, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which causes bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The major virulence factors for V. cholerae are cholera toxin (CT) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), both of which are regulated as part of the ToxR regulon. The discovery of QS in human pathogens has led to considerable interest in developing new therapeutic interventions to interfere with the signaling molecules. There are at least three major strategies for the development of drugs that interrupt bacterial QS: (i) inhibition of QS signal synthesis, (ii) destruction or degradation of the signal, and (iii) inhibition of signal reception. A fundamental property of QS is that the greater the density of bacteria, the greater the density of signaling molecules and the greater the opportunity for cell-to-cell communication.
Inductive Expansion and Nonmonotonic Reasoning

In his early writings (e.g. Harvard Lectures of 1865, Peirce [1982]), Peirce followed Aristotle in defining inductive argument formally as the apogogic inversion of valid syllogistic argument where the major premise of the syllogism becomes the conclusion of the induction and the erstwhile conclusion becomes a premise of the induction. Peirce contrasted this kind of argument with hypothetic argument where the conclusion is the minor premise of the categorical syllogism and the premise is the erstwhile conclusion. He then pointed out that both hypothetic and inductive reasoning are ampliative in contrast to deductive reasoning that is explicative.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner)

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), is a serious and widespread pest of stored food commodities worldwide. Studies on the population genetics and breeding structure of P. interpunctella are lacking. Understanding the breeding structure of this pest has implications for its management. Fifteen microsatellite loci were isolated, cloned and characterized using an enrichment method. Forty individuals from six subpopulations were tested for polymorphism. Nine loci were found to be polymorphic. The number of alleles varied from three to six per locus.
Particle Flurries: Synoptic 3D Pulsatile Flow Visualization

Particle Flurries is an interactive approach to 3D flow visualization. The approach produces a "synoptic visualization" and is used to examine both internal and external flows.
Clenbuterol Decreases Catabolism and Increases Hypermetabolism in Burned Rats W.T. CHANCE, D. VAN ALLMEN, D. BENSON, F.S. ZHANG, J.E. FISCHER Journal of Trauma 31:365-370, 1991

Injury, particularly burn injury, is associated with hypermetabolism, weight loss, and catabolism. Recent studies have suggested that selective β-2 adrenergic agonists may have anabolic properties. In this study, 38 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Cont-SAL (n = 8) served as the saline-control group; Cont-CLE (n = 8) received twice-daily injections of clenbuterol (1 mg/kg subcutaneously), a selective β-2 agonist for 22 days and served as a second control group; Burn-SAL (n = 8) was subjected to a 30% body surface area full-thickness open-flame burn; Burn-CLE (n = 8) was similarly burned, but also received clenbuterol starting on postburn day 1; Burn-NAD (n = 6) was also similarly burned but received the beta antagonist, nadolol (5 mg/ kg subcutaneously), once daily for 22 days starting on postburn day 1. Daily weights, food, and water consumption were measured. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined for all rats on postburn days 7 to 9 and again 20 to 22. On postburn day 22, rat...
Vector-thread architecture and implementation

This thesis proposes vector-thread architectures as a performance-efficient solution for all-purpose computing. The VT architectural paradigm unifies the vector and multithreaded compute models. VT provides the programmer with a control processor and a vector of virtual processors. The control processor can use vector-fetch commands to broadcast instructions to all the VPs or each VP can use thread-fetches to direct its own control flow. A seamless intermixing of the vector and threaded control mechanisms allows a VT architecture to flexibly and compactly encode application parallelism and locality. VT architectures can efficiently exploit a wide variety of loop-level parallelism, including non-vectorizable loops with cross-iteration dependencies or internal control flow. The Scale VT architecture is an instantiation of the vector-thread paradigm designed for low-power and high-performance embedded systems. Scale includes a scalar RISC control processor and a four-lane vector-thread unit that can execute 16 operations per cycle and supports up to 128 simultaneously active virtual processor threads. Scale provides unit-stride and strided-segment vector loads and stores, and it implements cache refill/access decoupling. The Scale memory system includes a four-port, non-blocking, 32-way set-associative, 32KB cache. A prototype Scale VT processor was implemented in 180nm technology using an ASIC-style design flow. The chip has 7.1 million transistors and a core area of 16.6 mm2, and it runs at 260 MHz while consuming 0.4–1.1 W. This thesis evaluates Scale using a diverse selection of embedded benchmarks, including example kernels for image processing, audio processing, text and data processing, cryptography, network processing, and wireless communication. Larger applications also include a JPEG image encoder and an IEEE 802.11a wireless transmitter. Scale achieves high performance on a range of different types of codes, generally executing 3-11 compute operations per cycle. Unlike other architectures which improve performance at the expense of increased energy consumption, Scale is generally even more energy efficient than a scalar RISC processor. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
The March 11, 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake and cascading failure of the plate interface

[1] A continuous back-projection analysis using data recorded in North America between March 9, 2011 and April 7, 2011 is applied to the Mw 9.0 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake and the foreshocks and aftershocks of this event. As with the Mw 8.8 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake, back-projection results of the mainshock show variations in rupture behavior when data filtered to different frequency ranges are used. In particular, there is a relationship between the frequency of data used and the position along the dip direction of the energy release, with the highest-frequency result imaging energy at the down-dip edge of the rupture and progressively lower frequencies showing a continuous shift updip. In addition, these results show that late in the rupture (∼200 seconds after the hypocentral time), energy at all frequencies is imaged very close to the trench at about 37°N, which, with the energy imaged near and updip of the epicenter, may have acted as a tsunami source. Comparing the mainshock rupture area to the area that ruptured during M ≥ 6 foreshocks and aftershocks between March 9th and April 7th shows that total failure of the plate interface nearly doubled compared to the mainshock alone. Building upon the idea that the mainshock occurred through interactions between multiple segments, the results imply that the total failure area of the interface may represent the area that can rupture during a single event as a series of in-phase interface segments.
One-Step Compilation of Image Processing Applications to FPGAs

This paper describes a system for one-step compilation of image processing (IP) codes, written in the machine-independent, algorithmic, high-level single assignment language SA-C, to FPGA-based hardware. The SA - C compiler performs a variety of optimizations, some conventional and some specialized, before generating dataflow graphs and host code. The dataflow graphs are then compiled, via VHDL, to FPGA configuration codes. This paper introduces SA - C and describes the optimization and code generation stages in the compiler. The performance of a target acquisition prescreener (ARAGTAP), the Intel Image Processing Library, and an iterative tri-diagonal solver running on a reconfigurable system are compared to their performance on a Ppentium PC with MMX.
Dengue virus requires the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway for its infection in the mammalian host

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant global health concern with over 40% of the world’s population at risk and currently no therapeutics or vaccines available. Understanding host viral interactions is key to developing novel therapeutic options. Dengue virus is a positive sense RNA virus that induces the formation of invaginations in the endoplasmic reticulum to replicate its genome. Increased phospholipid biosynthesis is key to the formation of these replication compartments as well as viral maturation and release. It is now evident that viral proteins mediate this change in the cellular phospholipid repertoire, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. We have shown that siRNA mediated knockdown as well as pharmacological inhibition of key enzymes in the unsaturated phospholipid biosynthesis pathway reduces DENV replication. Unsaturated fatty acids, when incorporated into membrane phospholipids are a key mechanism for providing fluidity and curvature of membranes enhancing the assembly and function of membrane bound enzymes. Several of the enzymes are conserved from bacteria to mammals and are high profile therapeutic targets for obesity, hepatic steatosis and metabolic disease. This indicates a novel pathway for drug discovery and exploration of viral host interactions. We will discuss mechanistic details of how this pathway influences DENV replication.
A Multicenter Study of Viral Hepatitis in a United States Hemophilic Population

Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.
Attachment of Cell Walls of Chlamydia psittaci to Mouse Fibroblasts (L Cells)

Abstract 14C-labeled cell walls of the 6BC strain of Chlamydia psittaci, prepared from intrinsically labeled chlamydial cells by digestion with deoxycholate and trypsin, associated with mouse fibroblasts (L cells) in a manner comparable to that of intact C. psittaci. Almost half of the host cell-associated cell walls were not dissociated by trypsin, suggesting that they had been attached and then ingested. The attachment of cell walls to L cells was inhibited by a number of treatments known to block association of intact C. psittaci with L cells: heating the cell walls for 3 min or reacting them with antiserum against intact C. psittaci, or pretreating the L cells with trypsin or wheat germ agglutinin. Unlike intact cells of C. psittaci, cell walls were not immediately toxic for L cells, and they did not measurably adsorb neutralizing antibody. As revealed by making cell walls from intact C. psittaci labeled with 125I by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, cell walls contained a much smaller number of surface-labeled proteins than did whole chlamydial cells. The most abundant surface-labeled protein was one with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000. In the final step of cell wall preparation, tryptic digestion of deoxycholate-extracted cells, this major surface protein was partially cleaved to a 40,000-dalton product. When the major surface protein (both the 43,000- and 40,000-dalton moieties) was electrophoretically separated from the other cell wall proteins and used to immunize a rabbit, antibodies that neutralized the infectivity of intact C. psittaci were elicited. It was concluded that cell walls retain the ability to associate with L cells in much the same way as do intact cells of C. psittaci, but, despite the simpler structure of cell walls, the element that binds C. psittaci to host cells cannot yet be identified.
Collaboration in the Media Center: Building Partnerships for Learning

Is information literacy important for today's students? If the ability to access information efficiently, to discern quality and authority, and to apply information to decision making and problem solving are keys to success in a world of rapidly growing information, then indeed information literacy is a basic survival skill for today's students.
Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients aged 80 years or older

Abstract Between August 1980 and January 1986, 23 patients aged 80 years or older underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations. These patients had a higher incidence of severe left main coronary artery narrowing (p
Organization-Based Coalition Formation

The coalition formation problem has received a considerable amount of attention in recent years. In this work we present a novel distributed algorithm that returns a solution in polynomial time and the quality of the returned solution increases as agents gain more experience. Our solution utilizes an underlying organization to guide the coalition formation process. We use reinforcement learning techniques to optimize decisions made locally by agents in the organization. Experimental results are presented, showing the potential of our approach.
Decentralized average consensus in wireless sensor networks with fading communication signals

This study proposes and evaluates an average consensus scheme for wireless sensor networks. For this purpose, two communication error models, the fading signal error model and approximated fading signal error model, are introduced and incorporated into the proposed decentralized average consensus scheme, especially adapted to the constraints of wireless sensor networks. Also, a mathematical analysis is introduced to derive the approximated fading signal model from the fading signal model. Finally, different simulation scenarios are introduced and their results analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and its effectiveness in meeting the needs of wireless sensor networks.
The Vestan cataclysm: Impact-melt clasts in howardites and the bombardment history of 4 Vesta

Crystalline impact-melt samples were created in high-temperature environments by relatively large craters and, as such, give additional constraints on the nature of the impacts that created them. This article provides new 40Ar-39Ar ages of impact-melt clasts in howardites and shows that these clasts formed on the HED parent body, 4 Vesta, within the time period 3.3–3.8 Ga. Rather than resulting from an increased number of impacts, however, impact-melted material in howardites may result from unusually high-velocity impacts occurring in the asteroid belt during this period. This scenario is similar to the late heavy bombardment of the Moon, pointing to an unusual dynamical event at this time across the inner solar system. Therefore, impact-melt rocks in howardites uniquely record a Vestan cataclysm.
Demographic Corrections for the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status

Despite the growing use of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (mTICS) as a cognitive screening instrument, it does not yet have demographic corrections. Demographic data, mTICS, and a neuropsychological battery were collected from 274 community-dwelling older adults with intact cognition or mild cognitive impairments. Age, education, premorbid intellect, and depression were correlated with mTICS scores. Using regression equations, age and education significantly predicted mTICS total score, and depression and premorbid intellect further enhanced this prediction. These results were comparable when only examining the 153 cognitively intact subjects. By using these corrections, clinicians and researchers can more accurately predict an individual’s cognitive status with this telephone screening measure.
What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy

Good computer and video games like System Shock 2, Deus Ex, Pikmin, Rise of Nations, Neverwinter Nights, and Xenosaga: Episode 1 are learning machines. They get themselves learned and learned well, so that they get played long and hard by a great many people. This is how they and their designers survive and perpetuate themselves. If a game cannot be learned and even mastered at a certain level, it won't get played by enough people, and the company that makes it will go broke. Good learning in games is a capitalist-driven Darwinian process of selection of the fittest. Of course, game designers could have solved their learning problems by making games shorter and easier, by dumbing them down, so to speak. But most gamers don't want short and easy games. Thus, designers face and largely solve an intriguing educational dilemma, one also faced by schools and workplaces: how to get people, often young people, to learn and master something that is long and challenging--and enjoy it, to boot.
Social Network and Social Background Characteristics of Elderly Who Live and Eat Alone

Solitary eating is increasingly viewed as a factor in nutritional risk for the aged. Similarly, those elderly who live alone are thought to be at risk. Using data drawn from 424 elderly Texans, the elderly's four possible living-eating arrangements were examined. Findings included the greater the number of companions and percentage of kin in the social network, the less likely are the elderly to both live and eat alone. Males, those with greater income, and those who are older are also less likely to live and eat alone. Those who live alone but eat with others are female, of low income, but of higher education than those elderly who both live and eat with others.
Hurricane Directional Wave Spectrum Spatial Variation at Landfall

On 26 August 1998, hurricane Bonnie was making landfall near Wilmington, NC. The NASA airborne scanning radar altimeter (SRA) carried aboard one of the NOAA WP-3D hurricane hunter aircraft at 2.2 km height documented the sea surface directional wave spectrum in the region between Charleston, SC and Cape Hatteras, NC. The aircraft ground track included both segments along the shoreline and Pamlico Sound as well as far offshore. An animation of the directional wave spectrum spatial variation at landfall will be presented and contrasted with the spatial variation when Bonnie was in the open ocean on 24 August 1998.
Organometallic transition metal derivatives containing fluorine IV. Reactions of perfluoroalkyl derivatives of cyclopentadienylmetal carbonyls of iron and molybdenum with tertiary phosphines

Abstract Ultraviolet irradiation of the perfluoroalkyliron derivatives RfFe(CO)2C5H5 [Rf=C2F5 and (CF3)2CF] with the saturated chelating ditertiary phosphine (C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2(Pf-Pf) results in stepwise substitution of the carbonyl groups giving first the monodentate monometallic derivatives RfFe(CO)(Pf-Pf)(C5H5) and then the carbonyl-free bidentate monometallic derivatives RfFe(Pf-Pf)(C5H5). By contrast, UV irradiation of the same perfluoroalkyliron derivatives with the unsaturated chelating ditertiary phosphine cis-(C6H5)2PCH=CHP(C6H5)2 (cPf=Pf) proceeds directly to the carbonyl-free bidentate monometallic derivatives RfFe(cPf=Pf)(C5H5) without formation of an isolable monodentate monometallic derivative. UV irradiation of the RfFe(CO)2C5H5 derivatives with triphenylphosphine gives the substitution products RfFe(CO)[P(C6H5)3](C5H5) (Rf=CF3, CF3CO, C2F5, and (CF3)2CF); IR and NMR spectral data on the compound of this type with the relatively bulky (CF3)2CF group suggest the presence of conformational isomers arising from hindered rotation about the iron-perfluoroalkyl bond. Similar UV irradiation of the molybdenum derivative CF3Mo(CO)3C5H5 with the appropriate tertiary phosphines gives the substitution products CF3Mo(CO)2[P(C6H5)3](C5H5) and CF3Mo(CO)(Pf-Pf)(C5H5). An improved preparation of the RfFe(CO)2C5H5 [Rf=C2F5F and (CF3)2CF] derivatives from the corresponding perfluoroalkyliron tetracarbonyl iodides RfFe(CO)4I and thallium(I) cyclopentadienide is described.
DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES ON GLYOXYSOMES IN RICINUS ENDOSPERM

The development of glyoxysomes and their associated enzymes, isocitrate lyase and malate synthetase, was studied in the endosperm of castor bean seeds during germination and early growth in darkness. The protein content of the glyoxysome fraction, separated by sucrose density centrifugation, increased linearly from day 2 to day 4 and declined subsequently, while maximum enzyme activities were reached at day 5. The specific activities of the enzymes in the glyoxysomes increased until day 5 and remained constant thereafter. At all stages of germination the only organelle with isocitrate lyase activity was the glyoxysome, but at the earlier stages a greater portion of the total activity was recovered in the soluble form. Malate synthetase was found primarily in the glyoxysomes after day 4, but at earlier stages part of the activity appeared at regions of lower density on the sucrose gradient. It was shown that this particulate malate synthetase activity was due to glyoxysomes broken during preparation, and that, as a result of this breakage, isocitrate lyase was solubilized. We conclude that both enzymes are housed in the glyoxysome in vivo throughout the germination period, and that the rise and fall in enzyme activities in phase with fat breakdown correspond to the net production and destruction of this organelle.
SU‐FF‐J‐32: Use of Internal Body‐Area as a Metric for Retrospective 4D CT Gating

Purpose: Current 4D CT acquisition techniques require the use of an external breathing metric, which adds time, cost and complexity to the procedure. If the use of the metric is not required after the imaging session, an internal metric may be adequate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the cross-sectional body area as an imaging-based internal metric for breathing motion using CT images acquired during free breathing. Method and Materials: A 16-slice CT scanner (Philips Brilliance) was operated in cine mode to acquire 25 scans consecutively at each couch position while patients underwent simultaneous quantitative spirometry. The cross-sectional body area was computed by automated image segmentation. The body areas for the 16 slices within each 2.4 cm-thick couch position were summed and compared to the corresponding tidal volume. The correlation between tidal volume and body area were examined to evaluate the quality of body area as a metric. Results: Three patients were analyzed. The body area consistently show a high correlation with the tidal volume in the abdomen (correlation coefficients > 0.8, and residual error < 10% of the total tidal volume). In the upper lung region, the correlation coefficients varied in a range of 0.2 to 0.99, and the residual errors were 5% to 30%. For each patient there was a transition region near the mid sternum where the correlation degraded dramatically. Conclusion: For imaging of the upper abdomen, the body area appears to be a good breathing metric for generating 4D imaging studies. One method for improving this process may be to overlap successive couch positions by one slice location, thereby providing a CT slice with overlapping body-area measurements.
Uptake, coverage, and completion of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the vaccine safety Datalink, July 2006-June 2011.

Abstract Purpose The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) for use in females in June 2006 and in males in October 2009. The objective of our study was to describe HPV4 uptake, single-dose coverage, and completion of the three-dose series among those 9–26 years of age, after the respective female and male vaccine licensures through June 2011. Methods The study population included members of eight managed care organizations participating in the Vaccine Safety Datalink; we abstracted demographic and comprehensive vaccine information from electronic health records. Results We found one-dose coverage increasing throughout the study period, to a high of 37.7% among females and 1.3% among males in June 2011. Among those receiving at least one HPV4 dose, three-dose series completion was 42% for females and 30.2% for males. Conclusions Our results demonstrate low initiation and completion of the HPV4 series among those recommended to receive the vaccine. Although consistent with previous studies, these results highlight the continued need to develop, implement, and monitor strategies to increase HPV4 vaccine initiation and completion in younger adolescents to achieve maximum impact in reducing the burden of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases.
Empirical hole size and crack length models for dual-wall systems under hypervelocity projectile impact

This paper presents the results of a study whose objective was to develop empirical equations to characterize the hole formation and cracking phenomena associated with the penetration of some of the multi-wall systems being considered for the International Space Station Alpha. The significance of the work performed is that these equations can be used in a survivability analysis to determine whether or not module unzipping would occur under a specific set of impact conditions and the time available for module evacuation prior to the onset of incapacitation due to air loss. The correlation coefficients for the equations obtained exceeded 0.8 in most cases; hence, it is believed that the equations developed have a rather good fit to the experimental data.
Genomic organization of the UBE3A/E6-AP gene and related pseudogenes.

The UBE3A gene encodes the E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase and has recently been shown to be mutated in Angelman syndrome patients who lack 15q11-q13 deletions or chromosome 15 paternal uniparental disomy. Previous UBE3A cDNA analysis has shown a coding region of approximately 2.6 kb and a 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of 2 kb of 3'-UTR. We have established the genomic organization of UBE3A and the sequence of intron-exon borders. We have also mapped two highly homologous processed pseudogenes, UBE3AP1 and UBE3AP2, to chromosomes 2 and 21, respectively, and determined their genomic organization. These results will form the basis for studies of mutation and imprinting of UBE3A.
Drug-DNA interactions

Abstract Structures of drug-DNA oligomer complexes provide a molecular basis for the interpretation of sequence-selective binding as measured by DNA footprinting. Thermodynamic data, obtained from calorimetry, thermal denaturation, and equilibrium measurements are also an important aspect of drug-DNA complex formation. Although many ligand-DNA complexes exhibit a single conformation in solution, there are examples of systems undergoing exchange between two or more conformations in solution. A 2-aminofluorene-DNA oligomer duplex adopts two conformations, one exhibiting Watson-Crick pairing at the modified guanine, and a second conformation in which base pairing is disrupted and the fluorene moiety is stacked within the duplex. NMR-derived structures of oligonucleotides with actinomycin D, nogalomycin, bisintercalartors, lexitropsins and triplex binding ligands highlight recent advances in this area. The development of (pyridine-2-carboxamide-neotropsin)2-C6, a synthetic dimer that binds in the minor groove, is but one example of the synergistic interaction of NMR structural analysis, molecular modeling, and chemical synthesis.
Mathematics in Mind, Brain, and Education: A Neo-Piagetian Approach.

Because of their focus on psychological structures and operations, neo-Piagetian approaches to learning lend themselves to neurological hypotheses. Recent advances in neural imaging and educational technology now make it possible to test some of these claims. Here, we take a neo-Piagetian approach to mathematical learning in order to frame two studies involving the use of electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging imaging, as well as the use of iOS-based apps designed to elicit particular ways of operating with mathematics. Results could inform theories of mathematical learning and effective educational game design.
Gallbladder and biliary tract candidiasis

Background. The clinical significance of Candida spp isolated from the gallbladder on the biliary tract is relatively unknown. Methods. To provide this information, patients with Candida spp isolated from gallbladder and other biliary tract sources during a 10-year period were identified through the records of our clinical microbiology laboratory. Medical records were analyzed for biliary disease causes, culture data, treatment, and outcome. Results. Twenty-seven patients were identified. Five of seven patients with cholecystitis were critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients in whom the mortality rate was 100%. Gallstone pancreatitis was found in four patients and was fatal in one patient with a pancreatic abscess and ongoing retroperitoneal sepsis. An external biliary shunt/endoprosthesis was placed in 16 patients to relieve biliary obstruction. Cholangitis was present in 14 patients, and most bile cultures contained Candida as part of a mixed flora. Only 3 of 27 patients had candidemia, and 22 of 27 patients were colonized with Candida at other sites. Conclusions. (1) The ICU patient with Candida cholecystitis has a grave prognosis. (2) Patients with Candida isolated from biliary stents placed for obstruction and cholangitis should be treated with both antifungal and broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. (3) Candidemia is not frequently seen in this setting.
The individualized education program in physical education. A guide for regular physical educators.

(1999). The Individualized Education Program in Physical Education: A Guide for Regular Physical Educators. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 60-64.
On the automorphism groups of some modular curves

Let $N$ be a prime number, and $X$ a curve that is intermediate to the cover $X_1(N)\rightarrow X_0(N)$ . We study the automorphism group of $X$ , and prove that in most cases it is generated by the Galois group of the cover $X\rightarrow X_0(N)$ , and any lift of the Atkin–Lehner involution to $X$ .
Determination of the sensitivity vectors directly from holograms

New methods for determining the sensitivity vectors directly from holograms are presented. One of these techniques is based on the concept of the fringe vector; the other uses, as the starting point, the definition of the fringe-locus function.
Holistic versus Analytic Process Models: A Reply.

Two classes of stimulus process models are considered in this reply to Dykes and Cooper. It is shown that analytic models which assume that stimuli are initially processed in terms of constituent dimensions do not account for large amounts of published data. It is also shown that the holistic-discriminability model that Dykes and Cooper reject is nonetheless consistent with their results and predicts all of the data for which their analytic model was constructed to account.
Review and Catalog of the Ostracode Family Rutidermatidae (Crustacea: Myodocopa)

Cohen and Kornicker (1987) presented a catalog of species of the Rutidermatidae that had been published prior to March 1986. The present contribution includes one additional subfamily, one additional genus, and twelve additional species (one new) and, also, keys to subfamilies, genera, and species, illustrations of carapaces, tables giving characteristics of appendages, and maps showing distribution of species.
Can the Urinary Peptidome Outperform Creatinine and Albumin to Predict Renal Function Decline

CKD represents an increasingly prevalent diagnosis affecting >10% of adults in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Asia.[1][1] The current system to classify CKD is a population–based diagnostic tool established by the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative and
Hope: Research and Theory in Relation to Solution-Focused Practice and Training

In this article we describe how research demonstrates that the presence of hope and the development and cultivation of hope plays an important role in the client change process. We propose that the concept of hope has significance to outcomes and that this requires enhanced awareness of hope in training and in practice of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT). As educators and practitioners of SFBT, we have found that hope is mentioned in terms of the implicit nature of hope in SFBT literature (Dolan, 2014), but we rarely find that the essence of the idea of hope is made more explicit in teaching and practice. In this paper we address this gap by linking research findings on the concept of hope from various areas of study to both training in the practice skills and processes of SFBT. Specific focus is placed on the connections among findings in various areas of study and research on hopefulness to demonstrate the explicit means by which hopefulness is created, amplified, and utilized in enhancing a sense of possibility and personal agency during SFBT.
Absorption of a topical steroid and evaluation of adrenal suppression in patients with erosive lichen planus

This study was designed to investigate the absorption of a topical steroid applied to the gingiva and buccal mucosa of patients with erosive lichen planus and to healthy control patients. In addition, adrenal suppression was assessed by measurements of serum and urine cortisol levels. Ten patients with erosive lichen planus and eight control patients provided urine and blood samples at baseline, day 3, and day 21. After establishment of baseline laboratory values, patients were instructed to apply 500 mg of a 0.05% fluocinonide gel to the gingiva and buccal mucosa three times a day for 3 weeks. Measurements of cortisol levels revealed no significant changes in either the disease or the control group. Although procedures were developed to detect fluocinonide, none of the patients showed evidence of the steroid during the study. It was concluded that the topical application of a fluocinonide gel to the gingiva and buccal mucosa over a 3-week period in patients with erosive lichen planus produced no adrenal suppression.
Collisionless Intramolecular Vibrational Relaxation in SF6

There has always been great interest in the limits of applicability of statistical mechanics. For example the point is often made that statistical concepts describe macroscopic systems very well. On the other hand, a tiny dynamical system such as a single isolated molecule may behave in a non-ergodic manner.
A set of genes activated in differentiating smooth muscle is also activated in smooth muscle from injured arteries or atherosclerotic lesions

We stimulated differentiation of purified rat neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in culture, then subtracted NCSC sequences from SMC sequences to make a cDNA library specific for differentiating smooth muscle cells. Sequence analysis of the library shows that a large subset of clones is strongly associated with smooth muscle biology, confirming the overall success of the differentiation and subtraction procedures. Of this subset of clones, more than half encode proteins that have previously been shown to be upregulated in atherosclerotic or injured vascular smooth muscle as compared to normal vascular smooth muscle. Thus, a set of genes activated in differentiating smooth muscle of the neural crest lineage is also activated in atherosclerotic or injured vascular smooth muscle.
War and the philosophy of physical education

(1942). War and the philosophy of physical education. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 23-28.
The elastic fields of misfit cylindrical particles: a dislocation-based numerical approach

Abstract Analytical solutions for the displacement and stress fields due to a misfit particle in a host matrix can be difficult to obtain, especially for complex particle geometries. In this work, we present a numerical method for finding such fields in the case of infinitely-long particles. The method is based on discretizing the continuous misfit region between the particle and matrix into local misfit regions consisting of interstitial dislocation loops. The results presented here indicate very good agreement with analytical solutions and better convergence with increasing loop density.