cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Successful Initiations of Three Children With Hearing Loss Mainstreamed in Kindergarten Classrooms

The communicative interactions of three mainstreamed children who are deaf or hard of hearing (deaf/HOH) were investigated. These children were matched with a classmate who had normal hearing (NH) according to chronological age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status (SES). All subjects were white females approximately 5 years of age. The subjects were videotaped while involved in normal classroom activities. The videotaped interactions were coded for: (a) activity, (b) play level, (c) partner, (d) interactive status, and (e) mode of communication. Dyad interactions were analyzed for average length, frequency, and total number of interactions. The children’s interactions varied by child and classroom setting. Results regarding the success of initiations were that one subject who is deaf initiated less often and was more successful than her peer with NH; the other subject who is deaf initiated less often and was less successful than her peer with NH; and the subject who is HOH initiated more often and was les...
An Overview of Edison

Abstract Edison is a library of functional data structures implemented in Haskell. It supports three main families of abstractions: sequences, collections (e.g., sets and priority queues), and associative collections (e.g., finite maps). This paper summarizes the design of Edison, with particular attention to how that design is influenced by details of Haskell.
Structure-borne Noise Generation and Transmission

The structure-borne noise generation and transmission of stiffened and interconnected structures under random loads is presented. The method is based on the transfer matrix for the structural response and on the modal decomposition for the interior acoustic field. The acoustic enclosure is taken to be rectangular in shape of which portion of the boundaries are elastic while the remaining surface is acoustically rigid. Numerical results are presented for a variety of acousto-structural problems.
Plasma fibronectin binds glucose.

Abstract Equilibrium dialysis studies demonstrated that plasma fibronectin bound D-glucose with moderate affinity. The binding of glucose by plasma fibronectin caused the dissoclation of plasma fibronectin-gelatin complexes. Glucose and gelatin did not compete for the same binding sites on plasma fibronectin. The glucose-caused dissociation of plasma fibronectin from plasma fibronectin-gelatinized horse erythrocyte complexes destroyed the potent hemagglutination activity of these complexes against trypsinized, formalinized sheep erythrocytes.
Assessing sensitivity to well leakage from three years of continuous reservoir pressure monitoring during CO2 injection at Cranfield, MS, USA

Abstract Continuous reservoir fluid pressure monitoring is a technique being deployed and evaluated for monitoring CO 2 sequestration projects for storage integrity. Pressure data are known to reveal information about bulk reservoir properties and performance, and the pressure magnitude trajectory through time is commonly used as a metric for demonstrating numerical flow model conformance with observed injection history (i.e. pressure history match). Identification of well leakage using a pressure history approach can be difficult due to the subtle effects such leaks can have on the characteristic pressure magnitude evolution. Using a combination of theory, an analytically-derived synthetic reservoir pressure history example, and analysis of field pressure data, we develop a broadly applicable technique for analyzing reservoir pressure transients in continuous time series and illustrate how that technique can be used to quantify sensitivity to wellbore leakage in the field. Analysis presented here focuses on information provided by second derivative of the continuous pressure time series (d 2 P /d t 2 ). We show that d 2 P /d t 2 transients reveal consistent relationships with known (theoretical case) or induced (field case) pressure perturbations that are independent of prior pressure history, making them a very useful diagnostic tool for identifying and evaluating any observed transients of unknown origin (i.e. sudden well leakage events unrelated to injection schedule). To the degree that the onset of well leakage is expressed as a pressure transient similar to decreases in injection rates, we are able to identify the source functions (changes in flow rates from variable distances) that our gauges are (and are not) sensitive to. Observational data indicate that sensitivities in the field can be much lower than theoretical expectations, mostly a result of noisy and heterogeneous natural systems. Our analysis can be applied to other field scenarios with different reservoir properties for refining observation well placement design with predictable and quantifiable sensitivity.
Strong piezoelectricity in individual GaN nanowires

GaN nanowires are promising building blocks for future nanoelectronics, optoelectronic devices, and nanogenerators. Here, we report on strong piezoelectricity in individual single-crystal GaN nanowires revealed by direct measurement of the piezoelectric constant using piezo-response force microscopy. Our experimental results show that individual c-axis GaN nanowires, with a characteristic dimension as small as 65 nm, show a shear piezoelectric constant of tid15~ 10 pm/V, which is several times that measured in bulk. The revealed strong piezoelectricity could open promising opportunities for application of GaN nanowires in nanowire-based sensors and generators for self-powered nanodevices.
The electric charge form factor of 6Li

Abstract The charge form factor of 6Li is calculated in the intermediate coupling shell model using ground state wave functions which give correctly many other nuclear properties of the state including the quadrupole moment. It is found that the effect of short range correlation is important in explaining the large observed values of the charge form factor at high momentum transfers.
Exciton absorption, photoluminescence and band structure of N-Free and N-DOPED In1-xGaxP

Abstract Optical absorption data on In1−xGaxP are reported showing the first observation of the exciton absorption peak in a III-V ternary alloy. This allows the most accurate determination to date of both the composition dependence of the Γ band gap and the position of the Γ − X crossover (xc = 0.72, 77°K; xc = 0.73, 300°K). Absorptio and photoluminescence spectra are compared for both direct and indirect In1−xGaxP. In addition, absorption, photoluminescence, and luminescence lifetimes of In1−xGaxP:N are examined. These data suggest that the A-line is perturbed by alloy disorder and forms a broad luminescence band for x ⩽ 0.94. The observed Stokes shift for the N-trap in the alloy is characteristic of an impurity strongly coupled to the lattice. The temperature dependence of the N luminescence band is found to be well described by the conventional configuration-coordinate model for phonon-coupled impurity luminescence. Implications of these results for light emitting devices are mentioned.
Prediction of MMPI clinical scores from the Apperceptive Personality Test.

Eight independent scores from a new objective/projective personality test, the Apperceptive Personality Test (APT), were validated against eight clinical scores of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). In parallel studies of 150 male and 150 female college volunteers given both tests, weighted combinations of the 8 APT measures significantly predicted MMPI raw scores in 15 of 16 analyses (Ma scores could not be predicted for men). Of 84 predicted zero-order correlations between APT and MMPI measures, 50 (60%) were confirmed, 74% for women and 45% for men; however, the vast majority of these correlations were below .30.
Entropy-based dispatching for automatic guided vehicles

A highly desirable performance of a factory is achieving a laminar flow of parts within the factory. This paper proposes new automatic guided vehicle (AGV) dispatching algorithms with the objective of load balancing among the factory work centres by choosing the dispatch decision, which contributes the most to the laminar flow of the factory. The Kullback–Leibler directed divergence measure is applied to compare a dispatch decision with a balanced factory. Simulation experiments are conducted to study the effectiveness of suggested algorithms.
An acetylation switch controls TDP-43 function and aggregation propensity

TDP-43 pathology is a disease hallmark that characterizes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). Although a critical role for TDP-43 as an RNA-binding protein has emerged, the regulation of TDP-43 function is poorly understood. Here, we identify lysine acetylation as a novel post-translational modification controlling TDP-43 function and aggregation. We provide evidence that TDP-43 acetylation impairs RNA binding and promotes accumulation of insoluble, hyper-phosphorylated TDP-43 species that largely resemble pathological inclusions in ALS and FTLD-TDP. Moreover, biochemical and cell-based assays identify oxidative stress as a signalling cue that promotes acetylated TDP-43 aggregates that are readily engaged by the cellular defense machinery. Importantly, acetylated TDP-43 lesions are found in ALS patient spinal cord, indicating that aberrant TDP-43 acetylation and loss of RNA binding are linked to TDP-43 proteinopathy. Thus, modulating TDP-43 acetylation represents a plausible strategy to fine-tune TDP-43 activity, which could provide new therapeutic avenues for TDP-43 proteinopathies.
On the kinetics of sulfite oxidation in heterogeneous systems

Abstract The heterogeneous oxidation of sodium sulfite has been investigated in an attempt to clarify the reaction kinetics of the system. The experiments made The reaction was found to be second order in oxygen and half order in cobalt catalyst. The result contradicts the results of homogeneous experiments wh This investigation has shown that the heterogeneous oxidation of sodium sulfite to sodium sulfate is a second order reaction with respect to the oxygen The apparent activation energy leads one to believe that the rate-limiting step in the reaction sequence is a diffusion-controlled catalyst regeneratio
On skepticism and its role in the development of proof in the classroom

The purpose of this paper is to examine students’ development of a capacity to maintain doubt, against a backdrop of empirical evidence. Specifically, drawing on data from clinical interviews and a series of teaching experiments, this paper describes two pathways, the Experiential Pathway and the Cultural Non-Experiential Pathway, for the development of the mathematical disposition of engaging in skepticism towards empirical validations. Issues related to current ways of framing students’ views of empirical evidence and the role of pragmatic forms of doubt are considered.
An unusual complication of sickle cell trait: intraureter thrombus

A 37-year-old African American woman with sickle cell trait presented with 2 days history of right flank pain and macroscopic hematuria. She had a past history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and splenectomy for splenic infarct. Physical examination showed right costovertebral angle tenderness. Laboratory evaluation was notable for a hemoglobin level of 12.7 g/dl, a creatinine level of 1.1 mg/dl, and red blood cells on urine microscopy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed a filling defect involving the right collecting system, right ureter, and bladder. No stone or mass was identified. Urine culture and urine cytology were negative. Her symptoms resolved after 48 h of conservative treatment (intravenous fluid, bed rest and pain control). She underwent a cystoscopy with ureteroscopy which showed renal papillary necrosis and intraureter thrombus. Hemoglobin electrophoresis demonstrated 60% hemoglobin A and 40% hemoglobin S, consistent with sickle cell trait. A repeated computed tomography after 10 days showed complete resolution of the intraureter thrombus.
The effect and correction of coupling generated by the RHIC triplet quadrupoles

This study explores the possibility of operating the nominal RHIC coupling correction system in local decoupling mode, where a subset of skew quadrupoles are independently set by minimizing the coupling as locally measured by beam position monitors. The goal is to establish a correction procedure for the skew quadrupole errors in the interaction region triplets that does not rely on a priori knowledge of the individual errors. After a description of the present coupling correction scheme envisioned for RHIC, the basics of the local decoupling method will be briefly recalled in the context of its implementation in the TEAPOT simulation code as well as operationally. The method is then applied to the RHIC lattice: a series of simple tests establish that single triplet skew quadrupole errors can be corrected by local decoupling. More realistic correction schemes are then studied in order to correct distributed sources of skew quadrupole errors: the machine can be decoupled either by pure local decoupling or by a combination of global (minimum tune separation) and local decoupling. The different correction schemes are successively validated and evaluated by standard RHIC simulation runs with the complete set of errors and corrections. The different solutions and results are finally discussed together with their implications for the hardware.
Threatened fishes of the world: Cyprinodon bifasciatus Miller 1968 (Cyprinodontidae)

Common Names: Cuatrociengas pupfish, cachoritto de Cuatrociengas. Conservation Status: Listed as Threatened (SEMARNAT 2002). Current IUCN Red List status: Lower Risk/least concern. Identification: Morphologically streamlined. Mature males are chalky blue, have yellow eyes, and a thin, terminal black band on the caudal fin. Females and juveniles have two dark brown lateral lines, with a light blue to pale brown base color. Juveniles and adults have no ocellus on dorsal or anal fin. Mature males range from 30.9 to 51.4 mm SL, mature females from 29.5 to 41.3 mm SL (Miller 1968). Image: modification of mature male holotype in Miller (1968). Distribution: Endemic to the Cuatrociengas basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Abundance: Abundant, with generally large and stable populations throughout its range. Habitat and ecology: Inhabits stable, physicochemically benign thermal springs, outflows, and rivers (Miller 1968; Minckley 1969). Young are omnivorous, but diet is largely plant/ sediment based after 24–29 mm SL (Arnold 1972). Co-occurs with many fish species (Miller 1968) and is stenoplastic (Carson et al. 2008). Often sympatric with C. atrorus in intermediate environments, where natural hybridization is extensive. Ancient hybridization led to complete replacement of C. bifasciatus mitochondrial genome by that of C. atrorus, but nuclear gene introgression from C. atrorus appears minor to absent (Carson and Dowling 2006). Reproduction: Mature males breed and feed in leks in shallow water. Mature females school and feed in deeper water, entering leks to spawn. Breeding occurs year-round, though is reduced in winter (Arnold 1972). Threats: Groundwater extraction is primary. Expanded eco-tourism and introduction of non-native species are also of concern. Conservation action: In 1994 the Cuatrociengas basin was declared a Natural Protected Area by the Mexican government. Conservation efforts since have been weakly-effective (Figueroa and Sanchez-Cordero 2008). Conservation recommendations: Elimination of groundwater extraction is urgently needed. Effective conservation strategies need to be devised and implemented. Environ Biol Fish (2009) 86:445–446 DOI 10.1007/s10641-009-9546-8
Urocitellus canus (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Abstract Urocitellus canus (Merriam, 1898) is a sciurid commonly called Merriam's ground squirrel. A nondescript, thin-tailed, unmarked ground squirrel, it is 1 of 12 species in the genus Urocitellus. It occurs in eastern Oregon and small parts of neighboring Idaho, Nevada, and California. It prefers grasslands and pastures with big sagebrush and western juniper. Although the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources places U. canus in their Least Concern (LC) category, this species is of conservation concern regionally because of its limited distribution.
Prospective Surveillance for Invasive Fungal Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients, 2001–2006: Overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database

Background The incidence and epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), a leading cause of death among hematopoeitic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, are derived mainly from single-institution retrospective studies. Methods The Transplant Associated Infections Surveillance Network, a network of 23 US transplant centers, prospectively enrolled HSCT recipients with proven and probable IFIs occurring between March 2001 and March 2006. We collected denominator data on all HSCTs preformed at each site and clinical, diagnostic, and outcome information for each IFI case. To estimate trends in IFI, we calculated the 12-month cumulative incidence among 9 sequential subcohorts. Results We identified 983 IFIs among 875 HSCT recipients. The median age of the patients was 49 years; 60% were male. Invasive aspergillosis (43%), invasive candidiasis (28%), and zygomycosis (8%) were the most common IFIs. Fifty-nine percent and 61% of IFIs were recognized within 60 days of neutropenia and graft-versus-host disease, respectively. Median onset of candidiasis and aspergillosis after HSCT was 61 days and 99 days, respectively. Within a cohort of 16,200 HSCT recipients who received their first transplants between March 2001 and September 2005 and were followed up through March 2006, we identified 718 IFIs in 639 persons. Twelve-month cumulative incidences, based on the first IFI, were 7.7 cases per 100 transplants for matched unrelated allogeneic, 8.1 cases per 100 transplants for mismatched-related allogeneic, 5.8 cases per 100 transplants for matched-related allogeneic, and 1.2 cases per 100 transplants for autologous HSCT. Conclusions In this national prospective surveillance study of IFIs in HSCT recipients, the cumulative incidence was highest for aspergillosis, followed by candidiasis. Understanding the epidemiologic trends and burden of IFIs may lead to improved management strategies and study design.
Ridge-hotspot interaction along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 37°30′ and 40°30′N: the UTh disequilibrium evidence

Abstract This study reports U Th disequilibrium data obtained by mass spectrometry for basaltic glasses collected along the Azores platform portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (37°30′–40°30′N), a region characterized by both a geochemical and bathymetric gradient. High Th and U concentrations, as well asTh/U ratios, document an enriched geochemical signature. (230Th238U) activity ratios range from 1.20 to 1.35 and are thus systematically larger than most EPR MORBs reported in the literature. (230Th232Th) activity ratios show remarkable homogeneity for multiple samples taken from single dredge hauls. Additionally, samples with the highest Th concentrations (2.4 ppm) have among the highest Th isotope ratios. Taken together, these observations rule out assimilation of230Th-rich sediment as an explanation for the230Th 238U systematics. The relatively large230Th excesses in the erupted lavas may be related to the influence of the enriched Azores mantle plume source. The lack of observed correlations between230Th excess and trace element and isotopic indices of source enrichment, however, rules out source composition as an explanation for the variations in (230Th238U). Excess230Th is correlated with the axial depth of the ridge in the study area, with the shallowest portions showing the largest extents of disequilibrium. This may reflect more melting in the presence of garnet for the shallow segments, and suggests that melting begins well within the garnet peridotite stability field (∼ 35 kbar) in the mantle beneath the Azores segment of the MAR. At the ridge segment scale,230Th excesses tend to be smaller near segment boundaries. This could reflect differences in the melting process or less frequent magmatism in these zones. These results demonstrate the potential for U Th systematics to constrain the depth and degree of melting as well as the rate of mantle upwelling, even in the presence of source chemical heterogeneity.
Integrating motion and appearance for overtaking vehicle detection

The dynamic appearance of vehicles as they enter and exit a scene makes vehicle detection a difficult and complicated problem. Appearance based detectors generally provide good results when vehicles are in clear view, but have trouble in the scenes edges due to changes in the vehicles aspect ratio and partial occlusions. To compensate for some of these deficiencies, we propose incorporating motion cues from the scene. In this work, we focus on a overtaking vehicle detection in a freeway setting with front and rear facing monocular cameras. Motion cues are extracted from the scene, and leveraging the epipolar geometry of the monocular setup, motion compensation is performed. Spectral clustering is used to group similar motion vectors together, and after post-processing, vehicle detections candidates are produced. Finally, these candidates are combined with an appearance detector to remove any false positives, outputting the detections as a vehicle travels through the scene.
Recent Underweight and Overweight Trends by Rural–Urban Residence among Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Background: Long-term trends mask critical recent dynamics in the prevalence of under- and overweight. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare annualized prevalence rates of both under- and overweight among nonpregnant women aged 19–49 y during the periods covering 1) the 1990s–the early 2000s and 2) the early 2000s–the late 2000s or early 2010s, by rural–urban residence. Methods: Data are from nationally representative surveys (29 Demographic and Health Surveys and 4 national surveys). Standardized protocols were used to measure weight and height. Underweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 and overweight as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Results: From the 1990s to the early 2000s, most countries were making progress on decreasing the prevalence of underweight, especially in rural areas. Although many countries continued to make progress more recently, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that previously had a decreasing prevalence of underweight now have an increasing prevalence of underweight. For example, in rural areas of Senegal, the prevalence of underweight decreased 0.23% annually between 1992 and 2005, then increased 1.60% annually between 2005 and 2010. Meanwhile, the prevalence of overweight is increasing in nearly all countries, and in approximately half of all countries, the rate of increase is greater in rural areas than in urban areas. Although underweight persists as more prevalent than overweight in rural areas of many East Asian, South Asian, and Sub-Saharan African countries, the ratio of underweight to overweight in many countries has decreased over time, indicating that this trend is reversing. Conclusions: Select countries in Sub-Saharan Africa may be more susceptible to food crises and should be targets for intervention. At the same time, global health efforts need to focus on preventing overweight, particularly in rural areas, which are quickly catching up to their urban counterparts.
Endogenous ATP release regulates Cl− secretion in cultured human and rat biliary epithelial cells

P2Y receptor stimulation increases membrane Cl− permeability in biliary epithelial cells, but the source of extracellular nucleotides and physiological relevance of purinergic signaling to biliary ...
Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: A Review of Terms, Definitions, and Prevalence

Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a significant aspect of intimate partner violence (IPV). While intimate partners commit one third of sexual assaults, IPSV is often overlooked in studies about IPV and in research on sexual violence. There are difficulties identifying, defining, and measuring IPSV, and research lacks consistency in terminology and measurement. The purpose of this article is to review the terms, definitions, and measurements associated with IPSV. Academic journals and nonscholarly documents from the United States were searched for articles and reports associated with the study of sexual violence and IPV. Forty-nine documents met the criteria for inclusion. A four-part taxonomy defining IPSV was developed, which included IPSV, intimate partner sexual coercion, intimate partner sexual abuse, and intimate partner forced sexual activity. The average weighted prevalence rates of these various forms of IPSV were calculated across included research studies. However, the measurements generally used to assess IPV do not adequately measure IPSV. Future research should consist terms to ensure consistent conceptualization and measurement of IPSV and to inform practice with survivors.
Comparative Aspects of Lipid Metabolism: Impact on Contemporary Research and Use of Animal Models

The emerging obesity crisis and consequent concerns for corrective measures and appropriate public policy have stimulated research into causes, prevention, remediation, and health consequences of obesity and associated maladies. Such research areas include eating behavior, appetite control, and food intake regulation as well as the regulation of lipid metabolism, cardiovascular function, endocrine function, and dyslipidemia states utilizing various animal models and cell culture systems. Although the liver has a central role in lipid/fatty acid synthesis and glucose is the precursor for de novo fatty acid synthesis in rodents and humans, in many other species, adipose tissues are the primary sites of lipogenesis. In addition, many species utilize acetic acid as a precursor for fatty acid synthesis. This fundamental difference in the site of fatty acid synthesis and the pattern of consequent lipid trafficking influences overall animal lipid metabolism and the role of regulatory hormones and transcription factors. Researchers utilizing various animal species in targeted biomedical research should be aware of these species differences when interpreting their data. In addition, many animal species are used for food production, recreational, and companion purposes. Understanding the lipid metabolism regulatory mechanisms of such species from a comparative perspective is important for the proper nutrition and health of these animals.
Surveillant filmmaking, the carceral and the transnational: image and viewers in Celda 211

This article engages several topics explored by this special issue. First, it examines an internationally marketed Spanish co-production, Celda 211 (Monzon, Spain/France, 2009), whose genre identity and relationship to other Spanish genres and marketing strategies have invited extensive critical conversation. Second, this article studies the role of nation-state vis-a-vis transnational cinema and audience networks by analyzing the multiplication of spectatorship (citizenship) positions. By examining new modes of intervening in the brutal viewer/viewed, subject/object interpellation of the carceral, it argues that Celda 211 dismantles our ideas about the traditional architecture of control. The film’s visual and aural narratives create a parallel drama in which new media interventions disrupt the traditional panoptic model of controller and controlled. Finally, this article dialogs with current post-panoptic theory that scrutinizes the transition from analog to digital and probes the implications of digita...
Price Fairness of Airline Ancillary Fees: An Attributional Approach

Charging airline fees has recently been a controversial issue in terms of price fairness. Nonetheless, few researchers have studied price fairness in the tourism literature. This study aimed to examine the antecedents and consequences of tourists’ perceived price fairness of ancillary revenues. From an attributional perspective, a conceptual model was expected to complement shortcomings of the traditional dual entitlement principle. Data were collected from U.S. domestic airline passengers through an online survey (n = 524) and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results suggest that price comparison and cognitive attribution influence price fairness, which, in turn, leads to emotional response and behavioral intentions. Results provide potentially important directions for the development of a theoretical framework of price fairness in a tourism context. It is further expected that the findings of this study provide managerial guidance for the utilization of marketing strategy for airline m...
Inhibition by pentobarbital of ether-induced ACTH secretion in the rat.

Ether anesthesia is a powerful stimulus for ACTH release, apparently acting directly on the hypothalamic median eminence. Pentobarbital anesthesia does not cause ACTH release and does not block increased ACTH secretion produced by traumatic stress. The following studies were performed to see if pentobarbital would prevent ether activation of ACTH release, measured indirectly by plasma corticosterone levels. A 2-min ether inhalation induced a 5-fold rise in plasma corticosterone in 15 min. This response was prevented by 3.5–5 mg/100 g pentobarbital ip 30 min prior to ether. To delineate the site of action of pentobarbital, chronic (11–20 day) basal hypothalamic-pituitary island preparations were made in which all neural connections of the basal hypothalamus with the remaining brain were severed. The chronic island rats had high resting plasma corticosterone levels which increased after ether. If pentobarbital was given, plasma corticosterone decreased to approximately the basal level of intact rats. Subseq...
Relative activation energies and frequency factors for competing fragmentations of oxetane molecular ions

A pair of substituted oxetane mass spectral decompositions exhibit regioselective ring cracking, and single and double hydrogen rearrangement cleavages involving substituent methyl groups. Analysis of ion abundances as a function of ionizing energy provides estimates of relative activation energies and frequency factors for these fragmentations.
Too Many Pediatric Trampoline Injuries

Background. Recent reports note a dramatic increase in the number of pediatric trampoline injuries (PTI) during the past several years. In 1996, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that 83 000 patients received treatment for trampoline injuries in US hospital emergency departments (EDs), and that ∼75% of these patients were Pediatrics 1992;89:849), and to determine if the American Academy of Pediatrics9 current ( Pediatrics 1981;67:438) safety recommendations are adequate. Methods. Retrospective medical record review of all PTI patients presenting to the pediatric ED from November 1990 through November 1997. Results. A total of 727 PTI patients were included; medical records were unavailable for 3 patients. The annual number of PTI nearly tripled during the study period, from 51 in 1991 to a peak of 148 in 1996. PTI patients were 53% female, with a median age of 7 years; 37% were Conclusions. PTI are dramatically increasing in number, and result in considerable childhood morbidity. Most PTI occur on privately owned trampolines. Few, if any, safety recommendations for the trampoline are followed. We support recommendations for a ban on the recreational, school, and competitive pediatric use of trampolines.
Probabilistic Concurrent Error Compensation in Nonlinear Digital Filters Using Linearized Checksums

Soft errors due to alpha particles, neutrons and environmental noise are of serious concern in highly scaled CMOS circuits. This mandates the use of error/noise tolerance mechanisms in circuit design. Prior work has addressed error correction and compensation techniques for linear digital systems using checksum codes. However no low-cost checksum based technique is found in the literature for nonlinear digital signal processing systems. The problem of error detection and compensation in nonlinear systems is harder due to difficulties in encoding nonlinear operations and correcting for errors in the same. This paper presents a checksum based technique for error compensation in nonlinear digital filters using the time-freeze linearization method. The technique uses distance-two linearized checksum error detection codes for SNR improvement using probabilistic error compensation instead of deterministic error removal. It is shown that by careful checksum code design, significant filter SNR improvement can be obtained in the presence of soft errors.
HF band filter bank multi-carrier spread spectrum

A recent study has introduced a new spread spectrum waveform based on filter bank multicarrier techniques. The proposed waveform that is called FB-MC-SS offers the advantages of simple implementation and robust performance when it is subject to narrow/partial band interference. This paper describes modifications to the FB-MC-SS system to enable its successful application to the HF skywave channels. We find FB-MC-SS well suited for the HF communications as it shows excellent performance in channels with frequency selective fading and interference. This paper describes new algorithms for packet detection, timing recovery and equalization that are suitable for the HF channel. Also, an algorithm for optimizing the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the FB-MC-SS waveform is presented. Application of this algorithm results in a waveform with a very low PAPR of about 4 dB. Simulation results using a wide band HF channel model demonstrate the robustness of this system over a wide range of delay and Doppler spreads.
The Development and Implementation of an Engine Off Natural Vacuum Test for Diagnosing Small Leaks in Evaporative Emissions Systems

This paper discusses an approach to detecting small leaks in an automobile's evaporative emissions systems that is a technique based upon ideal gas laws. It does this by monitoring pressure in the system while the vehicle's engine is off. This low cost solution can be easily implemented on General Motors vehicles using existing components. The topics covered in this paper include details on the background of the problem and the technique, the underlying thermodynamics of the technique, a description of the algorithm, testing and data collection considerations.
Changes in Resultant Pedal Reaction Forces Due to Ankle Immobilization during Pedaling

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of limiting ankle motion on pedal forces. Sixteen adults pedaled an instrumented ergometer against constant cadence and frictional load while wearing hinged braces. Ankle motion was limited under four randomly assigned conditions: both braces unlocked (UL), only the preferred leg (PL) brace locked, only the nonpreferred leg (NPL) brace locked, and braces on both legs (BL) locked. Measurements of pedal force, crank, and pedal angles were sampled at 200/s for 20 s. With both braces locked, resultant force mean magnitude decreased during the downstroke, due to reduced radial crank force. Asymmetry between PL and NPL decreased during the power phase when only PL was braced but increased when only NPL was braced. It was concluded that constrained ankle motion, as may occur with ankle injury or hemiplegia, reduces the ability to transmit power during the downstroke while enhancing ability during the upstroke.
Preparing for and responding to mass casualties and disasters.

Introduction to the September 2010 issue of the online ethics journal, Virtual Mentor, on the theme of natural disasters, quarantine, and public health emergencies. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
The Cuban factors of humanity: Reproductive biology, historical ontology and the metapragmatics of race

Ostensibly a book written with a view towards publicly promulgating an anti-racist agenda by synthesizing a vast body of mid-20th-century biological and genetic science, Fernando Ortiz’s El engano de las razas (1946) remains one his least commented-upon works. Eclipsed in its scholarly reception (both nationally and internationally) by its immediate predecessor, El contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azucar (1940) and its English translation (1946), El engano de las razas also appears to have been shadowed by (or simply assimilated into) the spate of post-Second World War anthropological anti-racist pronouncements culminating in the 1951 UNESCO Declaration Against Racism. However, paying close attention to Ortiz’s analytical and rhetorical strategies reveals that El engano is by no means a mere anti-racist tract in the guise of a (characteristically learned and vociferously poetic) Latin American ensayo. As I will argue, the text merits our attention today not only because it refracted and subjected a lar...
Ecological Genetics of the Screwworm Fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Its Bearing on the Quality Control of Mass-reared Insects

Electrophoretic variants at five loci have been studied in laboratory and factory (mass-production) adult screwworm flies. The pattern of genetic changes observed in several factory strains is very similar, but these changes differ from those which occur in smaller laboratory populations. Genetic variation in all colonies, however, decreases with colonization time. The most dramatic change occurred at the α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase locus. This enzyme serves a key role in energy flow during flight and its activity is sensitive to temperature changes. An allele which is rare in natural Texas populations consistently becomes fixed, or nearly so, in each strain reared under factory conditions. These genetic changes are due to conditions peculiar to the factory, i.e., rearing at constant high temperatures, selection for rapid development time and reduced flight activity. The use of electrophoresis to measure genetic changes in ecologically important proteins as a quality control monitoring program is proposed.
Asymmetric Synthesis and In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Tetrahydroquinolines Featuring a Diverse Set of Polar Substitutions at the 6 Position as Mixed Efficacy μ Opioid Receptor/δ Opioid Receptor Ligands

We previously reported a small series of mixed-efficacy μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonist/δ opioid receptor (DOR) antagonist peptidomimetics featuring a tetrahydroquinoline scaffold and showed the promise of this series as effective analgesics after intraperitoneal administration in mice. We report here an expanded structure–activity relationship study of the pendant region of these compounds and focus in particular on the incorporation of heteroatoms into this side chain. These analogues provide new insight into the binding requirements for this scaffold at MOR, DOR, and the κ opioid receptor (KOR), and several of them (10j, 10k, 10m, and 10n) significantly improve upon the overall MOR agonist/DOR antagonist profile of our previous compounds. In vivo data for 10j, 10k, 10m, and 10n are also reported and show the antinociceptive potency and duration of action of compounds 10j and 10m to be comparable to those of morphine.
Realization Scheme for Smart Protection and Measurement Unit By SoftPLC Technology

The SoftPLC technology is a new control technique based on personal computer(PC).A realization scheme for applying SoftPLC technology in the smart protection and measurement unit and a feasible system structure are proposed to implement on-line programming and simulation of the smart protection and measurement unit logic,and at the same time the on-line configuration of unit parameters.By using SoftPLC technology,the logic realization correctness,reliability and engineering application flexibility of the smart protection and measurement unit are enhanced and the development period is shortened.
Investigation on comprehensive intervention effect for hypertension of rural resident in Rushan city

Objective To know the effect of comprehensive intervention for hypertension of rural resident in Rushan city,and to provide evidence for preventive strategy of hypertension.Methods 15 villages were randomly drawn from 15 towns(streets) in2010,100 households were randomly selected from each village.Residents were chosen from more than 30 years old per household for the survey.Methods include questionnaires and physical examination,the intervention of the population for three years,investigate the outcome of these populations in 2013.The measurement data was compared with the paired t test,if data was consistent with a normal distribution.If the data does not conform to the normal distribution,the measurement data was used signed rank test.Count data was used Chi- squared test test,P0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Median systolic was 128.00 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa),and median diastolic was 81.00 mm Hg in 2013 and the 2010(130.00 mm Hg,80.00 mm Hg),those were statistically significant difference(T=- 7.17,- 4.33,all P0.05).In 2013,population with hypertension and high salt diet,overweight,obesity and excessive alcohol consumption awareness(70.44%,49.01%,41.87%)were higher than in 2010(53.07%,37.86%,33.43%),differences were statistically significant( χ2=171.70,68.11,40.81,all P0.05).In 2013 outcomes survey the hypertension can lead to stroke and coronary heart disease- related knowledge rate(32.47%) is higher than the 2010 baseline survey(29.79%),the difference was statistically significant( χ2=4.45,P0.05).Conclusion Through the implementation of the intervention measures,lifestyle of city residents were improved,comprehensive intervention effect is remarkable of hypertension.
The Pathologist Pipeline Implications of Changes for Programs and Post-Sophomore Fellowships—Program Directors’ Section Perspective

A shortage of physicians in the United States has been long projected. Because of predictions of retirement among the aging pathology workforce, there is an anticipated shortage of pathologist as w...
Biliary lipids and bile acid pool size after vagotomy in man. Evidence against a predisposition to gallstones

Eight male subjects who had previously undergone vagotomy and pyloroplasty were found to have significantly larger bile acid pools than did a group of matched control subjects. Associated with these expanded pools was a significantly lower molar per cent cholesterol of gallbladder bile in the vagotomy group. These findings are the opposite of those expected in a group predisposed to cholesterol cholelithiasis, suggesting that vagotomy, at least in males, does not predispose to cholesterol gallstones. If such stones form after vagotomy, they presumably do so by a mechanism not presently appreciated.
Immunohistology and Molecular Studies of Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphomas

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of clonal B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with distinct clinicopathologic features. Although B-cell lymphomas account for the majority of nodal lymphomas, primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL) are rare, and the large majority of primary lymphomas in the skin correspond to mature T-cell neoplasms. Moreover, they cannot be considered just as “cutaneous manifestations” of their lymph-node counterpart lymphomas, and most of the histomorphological, immunophenotypical, and molecular features that are useful for lymphoma diagnosis in the lymph nodes are not present in the same way in the skin.
Real time big data analytics for predicting terrorist incidents

In recent decades, terrorist groups expanded their reach and their attacks are more frequent and more lethal. In this research, we developed a set of methodologies and a software system to address various aspects of terrorism. We developed a real time terrorist incidents data collection system in [14] to gather terrorist incidents data from reliable sources. Using the incidents data, we developed a risk model to calculate the terrorism risk level of different locations. Then, we proposed a set of rules along with our risk model to predict future terrorist incidents. Finally, we developed a novel risk projection model to project the terrorism risk levels into the near future. The results show emerging patterns of terrorist attacks. Our prediction method provides high precision values of up to 96.30%, and high recall values of up to 100%. Furthermore, our risk projection model provides accurate risk values. Our methodologies can assist terrorism analysts to improve counter-terrorism measures and potentially prevent future attacks.
Application-level scheme to enhance VANET event-driven multi-hop safety-related services

In this paper, we focus on the design and analysis of channel access in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) for event-driven multi-hop safety services. First, a novel channel access scheme that incorporates an application-level distance (timer)-based rebroadcast is designed to enhance the reliability and efficiency of safety message delivery. In the scheme, an effective new approach integrating transmitter-oriented repetitions, ESD bitmap, message sequence number, and modulo based waiting mini-slot is provided to overcome possible concurrent timer due among close nodes and possible message collisions in the conventional distance-based timer for selection of multi-hop forwarders. The reliability and performance of the proposed scheme are analyzed and compared with that of other broadcast schemes for VANET event-driven safety services on highways. The new analytic models account for the impact of the Nakagami fading channel with distance dependent path loss and vehicle mobility on the reliability and performance. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the correctness of our proposed scheme and models under realistic network parameter settings.
Outcomes and satisfaction in pediatric patients with Chait cecostomy tubes.

Summary Introduction Patients with spina bifida and other spinal dysraphisms commonly suffer from fecal incontinence and constipation, which can be treated with antegrade continence enemas. Currently, information regarding outcomes and satisfaction in children who have Chait cecostomy tubes is lacking. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Chait cecostomy tubes in management of constipation in children with spinal dysraphisms. Materials and methods A questionnaire was completed by patients and/or their families during office visits at the University of Iowa or Nationwide Children's Hospital during follow-up pediatric urology office visits. Two study groups completed the questionnaires: 1) Patients with neurogenic bowels who had a cecostomy tube in place (CT) and 2) patients with neurogenic bowels with no cecostomy tube (NCT). The survey used Likert scaled and nonrated questions to assess demographics, bowel continence, and satisfaction. Results A total of 86 patients completed the questionnaire: 53 CT patients and 33 NCT patients. CT patients rated the effectiveness of their cecostomy tube in managing their constipation significantly higher than the NCT group rated the effectiveness of their conventional bowel management methods (p Figure ) and 92% would have the cecostomy tube placed again. In addition, hygiene, independence, and social confidence were significantly improved compared with baseline. Complications associated with the Chait tube included granulation tissue that required treatment (60%) and pain with irrigation (24%). Conclusions CT patients reported significantly improved constipation management, fecal continence, and improved quality of life compared with NCT patients. Our pilot study demonstrates that the Chait cecostomy tube is a well-tolerated, effective means for treating constipation and achieving fecal continence with minimal side effects in patients with neurogenic bowels. Download : Download high-res image (105KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Overall satisfaction with current bowel management methods.