cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imbalance Difference Model for Common-Mode Radiation From Printed Circuit Boards

The differential-mode signals in printed circuit board (PCB) traces are unlikely to produce significant amounts of radiated emissions directly; however these signals may induce common-mode currents on attached cables, enclosures, or heat sinks that result in radiated electromagnetic (EM) interference. Full-wave EM modeling can be performed in order to determine the level of radiated emissions produced by a PCB, but this modeling is computationally demanding and does not provide the physical insight necessary to explain how differential signals induce common-mode currents on distant objects. This paper describes a model for determining the common-mode currents on cables attached to a PCB that is based on the concept of imbalance difference . The imbalance difference model is derived from research that shows that changes in geometrical imbalance cause differential- to common-mode conversion. This paper applies an imbalance difference model to PCB structures and compares the resulting equivalent source configurations to those obtained with traditional voltage- and current-driven models, as well as full-structure simulations.
Structure of the Germinal Centers in the Chicken Caecal Tonsil: Light and Electron Microscopic and Autoradiographic Studies

The light and electron microscopic structure of the germinal center of chicken caecal tonsils were studied. Two kinds of germinal centers were revealed; the first was located deep in the lymphatic tissue close to the muscle layer of the caeca. These germinal centers frequently have an incomplete capsule, and are not, therefore, separated from the diffuse lymphatic tissue. The second kind of germinal center was located closer to the epithelium and had a complete capsule separating it from the diffuse lymphatic tissue. Both germinal centers possessed an outer dark cortical zone which contained smaller lymphoblasts (of less than 10 micron in diameter) and a central medullary area which contained larger lymphoblasts (up to 16 micron). Autoradiographic studies revealed that the small lymphoblasts of the outer cortical zone are concerned with cell generation and that the large lymphoblasts of the medullary area may have derived from the small lymphocytes. Within the medullary area of the germinal center are cells which are embedded in an intercellular substance of high density. We propose that the intercellular substance may be a product of this cell. For discussion purposes we have called this cell a secretory cell. The secretory cell may originate from a small lymphocyte-like cell.
A Research Agenda for Online Teacher Professional Development.

This article highlights key online teacher professional development (oTPD) areas in need of research based on a review of current oTPD research conducted in conjunction with an oTPD conference held at Harvard University in fall 2005. The literature review of this field documents much work that is anecdotal, describing professional development programs or “lessons learned” without providing full details of the participants, setting, research questions, methods of data collection, or analytic strategies. Until more rigorous oTPD research is conducted, developers are hard pressed to know the best design features to include, educators remain uninformed about which program will help support teacher change and student learning, and funders lack sufficient guidelines for where to direct their support. The authors believe that the recommendations in this article for a research agenda will guide oTPD scholarship toward an evidence-based conceptual framework that provides robust explanatory power for theory and mod...
SU(3)/SU(2): The simplest Wess-Zumino-Witten term

The observation that SU(3)/SU(2) congruent with S{sup 5} implies the existence of a particularly simple quantized topological action, or Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) term. This action plays an important role in anomaly cancellation in extensions of the standard model electroweak sector. A closed form is presented for the action coupled to arbitrary gauge fields. The action is shown to be equivalent to a limit of the WZW term for SU(3)xSU(3)/SU(3). By reduction of SU(3)xU(1)/SU(2)xU(1) to SU(2)xU(1)/U(1), the construction gives a topological derivation of the WZW term for the standard model Higgs field.
White Blood Cell Count, C-Reactive Protein, and Incident Heart Failure in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Purpose To test the hypothesis that inflammation measured by white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated positively with incident heart failure (HF). Methods Using the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, we conducted separate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for WBC (measured 1987–1989) and CRP (measured 1996–1998) in relation to subsequent heart failure occurrence. A total of 14,485 and 9,978 individuals were included in the WBC and CRP analyses, respectively. Results There were 1647 participants that developed HF during follow-up after WBC assessment and 613 developed HF after CRP assessment. After adjustment for demographic variables and traditional HF risk factors, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for incident HF across quintiles of WBC was 1.0, 1.10 (0.9–1.34), 1.27 (1.05–1.53), 1.44 (1.19–1.74), and 1.62 (1.34–1.96), p trend p trend .002. Granulocytes appeared to drive the relation between WBCs and heart failure (hazard ratios across quintiles: 1.0, 0.93 [0.76–1.15], 1.26 [1.04–1.53], 1.67 [1.39–2.01], and 2.19 [1.83–2.61], p trend Conclusions Greater levels of WBC (especially granulocytes) and CRP are associated with increased risk of heart failure in middle-aged adults, independent of traditional risk factors.
Submillisecond elastic recoil reveals molecular origins of fibrin fiber mechanics

Fibrin fibers form the structural scaffold of blood clots. Thus, their mechanical properties are of central importance to understanding hemostasis and thrombotic disease. Recent studies have revealed that fibrin fibers are elastomeric despite their high degree of molecular ordering. These results have inspired a variety of molecular models for fibrin's elasticity, ranging from reversible protein unfolding to rubber-like elasticity. An important property that has not been explored is the timescale of elastic recoil, a parameter that is critical for fibrin's mechanical function and places a temporal constraint on molecular models of fiber elasticity. Using high-frame-rate imaging and atomic force microscopy-based nanomanipulation, we measured the recoil dynamics of individual fibrin fibers and found that the recoil was orders of magnitude faster than anticipated from models involving protein refolding. We also performed steered discrete molecular-dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular or- igins of the observed recoil. Our results point to the unstructured aC regions of the otherwise structured fibrin molecule as being responsible for the elastic recoil of the fibers.
Protein–water interactions in a dynamic world

Protein-water interactions are key to biological function. They have an underlying dynamic component that pervades the functional roles associated both with particular systems and with the properties of proteins in general. This article focuses on the specific ways in which the dynamics of water are important to protein structure, motion and adaptability to changes in the protein environment.
How students learn: adapting teaching styles to learning styles

Instructors should adapt pedagogical methods to accommodate the widest possible variety of learning styles. What is needed is not a global change in teaching strategy but the systematic adoption of a small number of instructional techniques to cover all poles of the learning style dimensions. Studies are cited that suggest that the preparation time and class time needed to introduce these changes are justified by the likely benefits to the students and to society. >
STIMULATED EMISSION OF MAGNETIC DIPOLE RADIATION IN ELECTRIC DISCHARGES

This paper notes the possibility of producing stimulated magnetic dipole radiation in the near-infrared region in electric discharges. This possibility is due to quite large “naturally” occurring inversion found in electric discharges in gases possessing a metastable state lying above a radiating state to which it can radiate by a magnetic dipole transition. The heavier rare gases and the heavier alkaline earths, especially mercury, offer attractive possibilities. Population measurements of Koedam and Kruithof in mercury, and the simplified calculation presented here, indicate that the required inversions in mercury are within reach.
Some Changes in Gut Bacterial Flora of Field-Grown Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) When Brought into the Laboratory

Removal of Peridroma saucia from the field to the laboratory caused little change in the quantity of facultative and aerobic bacteria in the gut but produced significant qualitative and quantitative changes in distinguishable groups of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the gut.
Range uncertainty in proton therapy due to variable biological effectiveness.

Traditionally, dose in proton radiotherapy is prescribed as Gy(RBE) by scaling up the physical dose by 10%. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons is considered to vary with dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd), dose (d) and (α/β)x. The increase of RBE with depth causes a shift of the falloff of the beam, i.e. a change of the beam range. The magnitude of this shift will depend on dose and (α/β)x. The aim of this project was to quantify the dependence of the range shift on these parameters. Three double-scattered beams of different ranges incident on a computational phantom consisting of different regions of interest (ROIs) were used. Each ROI was assigned with (α/β)x values between 0.5 and 20 Gy. The distribution of LETd within each ROI was obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation. The LETd distribution depends on the beam energy and thus its nominal range. The RBE values within the ROIs were calculated for doses between 1 and 15 Gy using an in-house developed biophysical model. Dose-volume histograms of the RBEweighted doses were extracted for each ROI for a ‘fixed RBE’ (RBE = 1.1) and a ‘variable RBE’ (RBE = f (d, α/β, LETd)), and the percentage difference in range was obtained from the difference of the percentage volumes at the distal 80% of the dose. Range differences in normal tissue ((α/β)x = 3G y) of the order of 3–2 mm were obtained, respectively, for a shallow (physical range 4.8 cm) and a deep (physical range 12.8 cm) beam, when a dose of 1 Gy normalized to the mid-SOBP was delivered. As the dose increased to 15 Gy, the variable RBE decreases below 1.1 which induces ranges of about 1 mm shorter than those obtained with an RBE of 1.1. The shift in the range of an SOBP when comparing biological dose distributions obtained with a fixed or a variable RBE was quantified as a function of dose, (α/β)x and physical range (as a surrogate of the initial beam energy). The shift increases with the physical range but decreases with increasing dose or (α/β)x. The results of our
Function and subunit interactions of the N-terminal domain of subunit a (Vph1p) of the yeast V-ATPase.

The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-dependent proton pumps that operate by a rotary mechanism in which ATP hydrolysis drives rotation of a ring of proteolipid subunits relative to subunit a within the integral V0 domain. In vivo dissociation of the V-ATPase (an important regulatory mechanism) generates a V0 domain that does not passively conduct protons. EM analysis indicates that the N-terminal domain of subunit a approaches the rotary subunits in free V0, suggesting a possible mechanism of silencing passive proton transport. To test the hypothesis that the N-terminal domain inhibits passive proton flux by preventing rotation of the proteolipid ring in free V0, factor Xa cleavage sites were introduced between the N- and C-terminal domains of subunit a (the Vph1p isoform in yeast) to allow its removal in vitro after isolation of vacuolar membranes. The mutant Vph1p gave rise to a partially uncoupled V-ATPase complex. Cleavage with factor Xa led to further loss of coupling of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis. Removal of the N-terminal domain by cleavage with factor Xa and treatment with KNO3 and MgATP did not, however, lead to an increase in passive proton conductance by free V0, suggesting that removal of the N-terminal domain is not sufficient to facilitate passive proton conductance through V0. Photoactivated cross-linking using the cysteine reagent maleimido benzophenone and single cysteine mutants of subunit a demonstrated the proximity of specific sites within the N-terminal domain and subunits E and G of the peripheral stalk. These results suggest that a localized region of the N-terminal domain (residues 347–369) is important in anchoring the peripheral stator in V1V0.
Snow Cover and Temperature Relationships in North America and Eurasia

In this study the snow cover extent during the autumn months in both North America and Eurasia has been related to the ensuing winter temperature as measured at several locations near the center of each continent. The relationship between autumn snow cover and the ensuing winter temperatures was found to be much better for Eurasia than for North America. For Eurasia the average snow cover extent during the autumn explained as much as 52 percent of the variance in the winter (December-February) temperatures compared to only 12 percent for North America. However, when the average winter snow cover was correlated with the average winter temperature it was found that the relationship was better for North America than for Eurasia. As much as 46 percent of the variance in the winter temperature was explained by the winter snow cover in North America compared to only 12 percent in Eurasia.
Risk Calculation and Clustering Within Racial/Ethnic Groups

Several methods have been suggested to estimate the risk for initial coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Prior to the availability of modern computer methods, there was no easy way to adapt risk estimates to clinical practice. In 1998, the Framingham CHD risk approach was simplified, leading to greater interest in using risk prediction algorithms for clinical care. This formulation used categories of blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and simple groupings for smokers and diabetes mellitus to assess CHD risk. In 1999, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a CHD Prediction Workshop to address the use of Framingham CHD risk functions to varied populations. Validation of the Framingham CHD prediction scores was achieved with data from a large number of observational data sources, representing multiple ethnic groups. As part of the proceedings of the CHD workshop, D’Agostino demonstrated the relative effects of most CHD risk factors. The equations derived in Framingham were tested in each site and showed good predictive capabilities in outcomes for the various ethnic groups and ages represented, with some exceptions. In regions where CHD risk was low, such as in the Honolulu Heart Program, the Framingham risk algorithms overestimated the CHD experience of the participants.
Caryophyllene: an Attractant for the Green Lacewing

Several volatile compounds found in cotton were tested for attractancy to the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). In early-season field tests of these compounds, significant numbers of the green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea Stephens were captured in Delta traps containing 2 g of caryophyllene. Caryophyllene (C15H24) is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon that is a major component of the aroma of a cotton field. Further tests indicated that caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene, a closely related compound, were equally attractive to green lacewings. The numerous unreplicated tests subsequently conducted substantiated this attractiveness. However, the attractancy of caryophyllene appeared to diminish during the midand late season, apparently because of the competition provided by mature cotton in the field at this time. Caryophyllene is a new attractant for the green lacewing and may be a useful addition to the known feeding attractants.
Dynamics of carbene cycloadditions.

Quasiclassical trajectory calculations using quantum mechanical energies and forces generated by the Venus and Gaussian programs provide for the first time a detailed dynamical picture of singlet carbene, CCl2 and CF2, cycloadditions to alkenes on the B3LYP/6-31G* surface. For CF2, B3LYP/6-31G* with exact exchange reduced to 12% HF was also employed to better mimic the high accuracy surface. The range of geometries sampled in reactive trajectories and the timing of bond formation were explored. All trajectories follow the nonlinear approach proposed by Moore and Hoffmann. The reaction of CCl2 with ethylene is a dynamically concerted reaction, with an average time gap between formation of the two bonds of 50 fs. The reaction of CF2 with ethylene is dynamically complex with biexponential decay of the diradical species formed from the first bond formation. A general quantitative dynamical classification of cycloaddition mechanisms is proposed, based on the timing of bond formation.
68 PREDICTORS OF SUCCESSFUL PESSARY FITTING AND CONTINUED USE IN A NURSE-MIDWIFERY PESSARY CLINIC.

Objective To identify predictors of successful pessary fitting and continued use. Methodology Women with incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse presenting to a urogynecology service were offered referral to a dedicated midwifery pessary clinic. Charts of these women were reviewed for demographic information, physical exam, pelvic floor disorders, and details of pessary fitting sessions. Successful fitting was defined as a comfortable fit and retention of the pessary with Valsalva and voiding. Continuation was defined as a successfully fitted patient who returned at least once following the initial fitting with the pessary still in use. Spearman9s correlations identified variables associated with successful fitting and continuation of use. Logistic regression identified variables that predicted continued use. Results Eighty six percent (103/120) of women were successfully fitted and 92/103 (89%) continued use of their pessary for a mean of 6 months. Predictors of unsuccessful fitting included a history of a prior prolapse procedure or hysterectomy (p ≤ .001). Severe posterior prolapse was associated with pessary discontinuation after adjustment for patient9s age (p Conclusion Predictors of unsuccessful pessary fitting include history of a prior prolapse procedure and hysterectomy. Severe posterior prolapse was the single predictor of pessary discontinuation.
Advocating the Chinese Civilization and Serving Socialist Cnostruction

The Chinese civilization is the human civilization created in practice with thick foundation in the people and contains important realistic significance in socialist cnostruction at present.We should advocate the Chinese civilization,promote spiritual civilization's building and serve the new situation for the cause of socialism with the Chinese haracteristics.
Adult immunization--influenza vaccine.

Case study: DB is 72 years old and recently moved into a nursing home. She has not received her yearly influenza shot. DB has numerous health problems, including diabetes mellitus, arthritis (for which she receives prednisone) and emphysema. She has a history of having influenza almost every year for the past 15 years.
An Analysis of Middle School Teacher Self-Perceptions of Productivity When Working with At-Risk Students

AbstractMiddle-school teacher self-perceptions of productivity when working with at-risk students were crosstabulated with demographic data including age, geographic area, ethnicity, gender, years of teaching experience, and level of education. Average class size and proportion of time spent with at-risk students were also examined. Results of self-perceptions of general productivity were compared among elementary, middle school, and high school teachers. Comprehensive teacher data was obtained from the 1988–1989 Phi Delta Kappa National Study of Students At Risk and further analyzed to isolate middle school teacher self-perceptions. Responses of teachers who perceived themselves as “most productive” and those who perceived themselves as “least productive” were compared to determine differences. Statistically significant differences were found for all categories except geographic area. A discussion of questions raised by the survey is included.
Tracer Kinetics in Compartmental Models

This chapter presents some aspects of the classic approach to the interpretation of tracer experiments. A well-defined system of pools at the steady state is postulated and the number of pools in the system is assumed to be known or experimentally determinable. The mixing in each of these pools is considered to be instantaneous and the rate of exit of labeled molecules to be proportional to their concentrations in the pool.
Raw hop aroma qualities by trained panel free-choice profiling.

The technique of trained panel free-choice profiling was applied to characterize the aromas of eight commercial and seven experimental varieties of raw hops. Analysis of the panelists' scores by Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) provided information on the relationships between samples. The GPA resulted in three significant principal axes (PA) that separated the commercial samples into five significantly different groups. The aromas of Hallertauer Tradition, Spalter Select, and Hallertauer Gold were characterized as fruity, spicy, grassy, and musty. Mt. Hood, Nugget, and Fuggles were characterized as hay, earthy, fishy, green, and mango. Tettnanger had a musty, smoky, pine, apricot aroma, and Perle had an apricot, green, fishy aroma. Experimental varieties 21689, 21683, and 21688 were characterized as hay, fruity, and floral and were similar to the German varieties (Hallertauer Gold, Hallertauer Tradition, and Spalter Select). The aromas of 21684 and 21686 were characterized as fruity, floral, spicy, herbal and were not similar to any of the commercial varieties. 21685 and 21687 had a hay, smoky, apricot aroma that was similar to Tettnanger. There was a strong correlation, based on data from gas chromatographic analysis of the hop oils and aroma descriptors, between the concentration of β-pinene and the intensity of sage aroma, between myrcene and fruity and pine, linalool and floral, and limonene and fruity, citrus aromas.
Power-aware virtual machine mapping in the data-center-on-a-chip paradigm

It is projected that hundreds of cores can be integrated into a chip at the sub-20nm technology nodes. However, some challenges exist in the many-core architecture such as maintaining memory coherence, underutilized parallelism, and increased inter-core communication delay. This work proposes the data-center-on-a-chip (DCoC) paradigm employing virtualization technologies commonly used in today's data centers to reduce the overhead of maintaining memory coherence and inter-core communication and improve parallelism. In the DCoC paradigm, user applications with specific resource requirements need to be mapped onto different chips of a data center and different cores of a chip in the form of virtual machines (VMs). By a judicious VM mapping method, the data center performance can be maximized while satisfying the power budget and power density constraints of the chips and the resource requirements of VMs. To tackle the NP-hardness of the VM mapping problem, we propose a two-tier algorithm, which effectively solves the mapping problem with polynomial time complexity.
Science objectives and rover design for a limbed comet rover mission concept

The ability to rove the surface of Mars has revolutionized NASA missions by providing access to multiple diverse in situ measurement and sampling sites. The ability to rove on the surface of a comet could create a similar revolutionary improvement in the quality and quantity of in situ science that could be performed in comparison to touch-and-go systems or static landers. However, due to the microgravity environment, traditional wheeled rovers are infeasible as they lack the ground pressure on their wheels necessary for traction. Recent breakthroughs in limbed robots both at JPL and broadly across the world provide hope that a reliable and robust climbing rover could be a priority mission in the next decade. Similar rapid development has been occurring in anchoring end effectors that would serve as the rovers feet, preventing the rover from escaping the microscopic gravity field. When sampling the subsurface (1–3 meter depth), these same anchoring feet would also react the forces and torques that are put into the surface. A mission concept is presented that would analyze unaltered primitive materials, catalog complex organic molecules, and document any organic synthesis still occurring. In addition, the mission would quantify the heterogeneity of the comet's chemical and physical properties. A potential instrument suite is proposed that would fulfill these objectives. The science campaign of this mission was developed in partnership with JPL's Innovation Foundry.
Couples' experiences with continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a dyadic perspective

Abstract Objective The majority of adults sleep with a partner, making sleep a dyadic experience. However, interventions to improve sleep have primarily focused on individuals. This qualitative analysis used a dyadic approach to identify facilitators and barriers to successful treatment of one of the most common sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Methods Twenty joint qualitative interviews were conducted with couples, one couple at a time, with a sample of 20 patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their partners to develop an understanding of couples' experiences with CPAP use. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Conventional qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Results Facilitators of CPAP use were the following: the partner aiding diagnosis and treatment, couples working together using CPAP, the perceived benefits of CPAP for both partners, the patient being motivated to use CPAP for the benefit of the partner, and various types of support provided by the partner to encourage CPAP use. Major barriers to CPAP use were the following: anxiety related to CPAP use particularly in the beginning of therapy, bothersome equipment causing disruptions in sleep and bedtime routine, interruptions to intimacy, and concern about image change while wearing CPAP. Conclusions Findings from this study suggest that couple-directed interventions that advocate for a mutually engaging perspective and promote supportive relationships and positive dyadic coping may be targets for improving CPAP adherence. Further research evaluating the potential of couple-focused interventions to improve sleep health is warranted.
Provider Perspectives on Intimate Partner Violence in Bluefields, Nicaragua.

Background: Intimate partner violence represents a significant public health problem and a substantial human rights' issue for women and girls throughout the world. Design and Purpose: The purpose ...
Medicaid Expansion, Mental Health, and Access to Care among Childless Adults with and without Chronic Conditions.

While the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) Medicaid expansion has increased insurance coverage, its effects on health outcomes have been mixed. This may be because previous research did not disaggregate mental and physical health or target populations most likely to benefit. To examine the association between Medicaid expansion and changes in mental health, physical health, and access to care among low-income childless adults with and without chronic conditions. We used a difference-in-differences analytical framework to assess differential changes in self-reported health outcomes and access to care. We stratified our analyses by chronic condition status. Childless adults, aged 18–64, with incomes below 138% of the federal poverty level in expansion (n = 69,620) and non-expansion states (n = 57,628). Active Medicaid expansion in state of residence. Self-reported general health; total days in past month with poor health, poor mental health, poor physical health, or health-related activity restrictions; disability; depression; insurance coverage; cost-related barriers; annual check-up; and personal doctor. Medicaid expansion was associated with reductions in poor health days (−1.2 days [95% CI, −1.6,-0.7]) and days limited by poor health (−0.94 days [95% CI, −1.4,-0.43]), but only among adults with chronic conditions. Trends in general health measures appear to be driven by fewer poor mental health days (−1.1 days [95% CI, −1.6,-0.6]). Expansion was also associated with a reduction in depression diagnoses (−3.4 percentage points [95% CI, −6.1,-0.01]) among adults with chronic conditions. Expansion was associated with improvements in access to care for all adults. Medicaid expansion was associated with substantial improvements in mental health and access to care among low-income adults with chronic conditions. These positive trends are likely to be reversed if Medicaid expansion is repealed.
Modeling and Strategy Design for Spectrum Monitoring over a Geographical Region

Spectrum monitoring is a prerequisite in dynamic access regulation, policy enforcement, as well as spectrum database establishment. In this paper, we introduce the dimension of geographical space into the spectrum monitoring problem, and studied deployment strategies of multiple monitors, in terms of coverage time and cost. The monitoring problem is modeled as a 3-d continuous sweep coverage problem, whose solution space is then reduced by effectively dividing the spectra-location space, in order to achieve a small coverage time. The cost minimization is then formulated as a Multiple Traveling Salesman problem (MTSP), which is NP-hard. By observing the structure of the strategy space, we propose a solution that attains a reasonable cost, without applying complex optimization algorithms.
Effects of antiprogestins on the rate of proliferation of breast cancer cells.

We have examined the influence of progestins (progesterone, R5020) and antiprogestins (RU486, ZK98299, Org 31710 and Org 31806) on the rate of proliferation of wild type T47D cells cultured in whole fetal bovine serum (FBS) or in single charcoal stripped fetal bovine serum (SSFBS). All of the progesterone antagonists RU486, ZK98299 and two novel antiprogestins Org 31710 and Org 31806 inhibited cell proliferation when cells were cultured in FBS. In contrast, all of the antiprogestins with the exception of ZK98299 enhanced cell growth when cells were cultured in SSFBS. This stimulatory effect of RU486 was observed only at a high concentration of the ligand (1 μM). The effect of R5020, however, was concentration independent. The number of cells in the presence of RU486 was ~ 600% followed by R5020 ~ 400% above control values after a 28 day culturing period. In contrast, when the cells were grown in the presence of medium containing non-stripped whole serum, RU486 inhibited the extent of cell proliferation by 45%. Estradiol (E2) stimulated the rate of proliferation in cells cultured in SSFBS. Similar to when cells were cultured in whole serum, the antiprogestins inhibited cell growth in E2-supplemented SSFBS. Detection of the growth enhancement effects of progesterone receptor (PR) ligands such as RU486 and R5020 on the cells grown in charcoal-stripped medium appear to require the removal of E2 by charcoal stripping of the serum.
The Art of Memory Meets the Art of Government in Hamlet

This essay argues that there are diverse, often contradictory, discourses of memory at work in Hamlet , and that their inherent conflicts can be clarified to a limited extent through a study of the role of memory in conceptions of governance. Much recent work has been done on memory discourse as a form of social control in the early modern era as well as in Hamlet specifically, creating space for more conversations about memory discourse in politics and vice versa. In Hamlet , Shakespeare anticipated and demonstrated changes in conceptions of sovereignty by representing memory as profoundly implicated in both divine right and burgeoning notions of governance. Hamlet stages competing beliefs about memory that undergird discrete ways of embodying sovereignty represented by Hamlet and Claudius. It also touches on the implications for approaching memory discourse politically in the early modern period and beyond.
Parliament and politics in the age of Asquith and Lloyd George: the diaries of Cecil Harmsworth, MP, 1909-1922

Cecil Bishop Harmsworth (1869–1948) was not particularly important. An amiable, middle-ranking politician, he was not, as the brother of formidable press barons Lords Northcliffe and Rothermere, ev...
Endothelial Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Is Required for the Maintenance of Airway Microvasculature

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), especially HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are key mediators of the adaptive response to hypoxic stress and play essential roles in maintaining lung homeostasis. Hu...
Improving point-of-care ultrasound proficiency of primary care residents through a formal, faculty-led training course

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is gaining momentum as a tool with the capability to improve patient care. POCUS has been shown to enhance the information gathered by physicians during physical examinations. It is frequently used in critical care and emergency departments for its rapid diagnostic capabilities and for procedural guidance, and its use is expanding in other arenas. In addition, ultrasound is portable, cost-effective, non-invasive, and does not expose the patient to radiation as with …
Association between anemia and hematological indices with mortality among cardiac intensive care unit patients.

Anemia and elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) or mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are associated with an adverse prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease and critical illness. Limited data exist regarding these associations in unselected cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients. Retrospective cohort study of CICU patients between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, with a hemoglobin (Hb) level measured at admission. Multivariable regression was performed to determine predictors of hospital mortality, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine post-discharge survival. We included 9644 patients with a mean age of 67.5 ± 15.1 years, including 3604 (37.4%) females. The median (IQR) values of Hb, MCV and RDW were 12.2 g/dL (10.6, 13.7), 90.7 fL (87.3, 94.2) fL, and 14.1% (13.3, 15.8), respectively. Anemia (admission Hb 0.1), while admission RDW (adjusted OR 1.12 per 1%, 95% CI 1.07–1.18, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with hospital mortality. Hospital survivors with lower Hb, higher MCV, or higher RDW had lower post-discharge survival. Elevated RDW on admission was independently associated with higher hospital mortality in CICU patients. These data emphasize the importance of hematologic abnormalities for mortality risk stratification in CICU populations.
Reversal of drug resistance by JS-K and nitric oxide in ABCB1- and ABCG2-expressing multi-drug resistant human tumor cells.

Abstract Development of resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a significant problem in treating human malignancies in the clinic. Overexpression of ABC transporter proteins, including P-170 glycoprotein (P-gp), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) have been implicated in this multi-drug resistance (MDR). These ABC transporters are ATP-dependent efflux proteins. We have recently shown that nitric oxide ( NO) inhibits the ATPase activities of P-gp, resulting in a significant enhancement of drug accumulation and the reversal of multi-drug resistance in NCI/ADR-RES cells, a P-gp-overexpressing human MDR cell line. In this study, we used [O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)-piperazin-1 yl]-diazene-1-ium-1-2-diolate] (JS-K), a tumor-specific NO-donor to study the reversal of drug resistance in both P-gp- and BCRP-overexpressing human tumor cells. We report here that while JS-K was extremely effective in reversing adriamycin resistance in the P-gp-overexpressing tumor cells (NCI/ADR-RES); it was significantly resistant to BCRP-overexpressing (MCF-7/MX) tumor cells, suggesting that JS-K may be a substrate for BCRP. Using another NO-donor (DETNO), we show that NO directly inhibits the ATP activities of BCRP, inducing significant increases in the accumulations of both Hoechst 33342 dye and topotecan, substrates for BCRP. Furthermore, NO treatment significantly reversed topotecan and mitoxantrone resistance to MCF-7/MX tumor cells. Molecular docking studies indicated that while DETNO and JS-K bind to ATP binding site in both ABC proteins, binding score was significantly reduced, compared to the ATP binding. Our results indicate that appropriately designed NO donors may find success in reversing multidrug resistance in the clinic.
DIA: A Human AI Hybrid Conversational Assistant for Developing Contexts

Social media messaging applications(i.e. WhatsApp, Facebook) have reached 2.3 billion users in 2019, with the majority of users emerging from developing countries. The high usage among emergent users opens the possibility of designing text-based interventions for social change but such interventions rely on experts (i.e. doctors, educators, and moderators) knowledge which is scarce in developing contexts. Expert knowledge can be scaled up using chatbots but more research is needed to support emergent users who need context-specific support such as local language interventions or may not have regular internet connectivity. Therefore to support the design of chatbot based interventions in low resource contexts, we built DIA a chatbot architecture for low resource contexts to scale expert knowledge and support localization. DIA is a human-chatbot (humbot) hybrid system that organically learns topic-specific knowledge and local language from user interactions. We built a preliminary version of DIA on WhatsApp and deployed it to mentor 38 teachers in a rural context of Cote d'Ivoire. Through our preliminary deployment, we show that DIA can help (1) build a data-set of a topic and language-specific dialogues (2) understand users' online smartphone usage through chat logs and (3) collect survey data for through conversational interaction.
Ensuring Co-teaching Continues Virtually: A School Leader’s Imperative

Moving to virtual instruction can be daunting, but it is no reason to stop including students with disabilities. Co-teaching can, and should, be used as a service delivery model to support students in their least restrictive environment, which is often the general education classroom. School leaders need to continue to promote inclusive education, even during a pandemic.
Apnea with ketamine sedation in a patient with severe anorexia nervosa: A case report.

Background There is a paucity of literature around sedation and anesthesia in patients with severe anorexia nervosa. Chronically malnourished patients are known to have myopathy, neuropathy, and altered neurotransmitter signaling. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that is an established general anesthetic and short-acting dissociative analgesic agent. It generally has a reassuring adverse event profile and rarely has been reported to result in apnea. We aim to raise awareness of this untoward adverse event in patients with severe anorexia nervosa among sedation providers and those referring patients for hospitalization or sedation. Case presentation We describe an episode of apnea, a rare adverse event of ketamine, which was given for procedural sedation to a severely malnourished 13-year-old female with anorexia nervosa, generalized anxiety disorder, and high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. She had no history of apnea nor of ketamine sedation. She was given a standard dose of ketamine and had no other central nervous system depressants within 24 h. Within 1 min after slow medication administration, she had a 9-min period of apnea without laryngospasm. She was supported with bag-valve-mask ventilation throughout this period and did not require intubation. She returned to baseline shortly after procedural sedation. Conclusions This case describes apnea after ketamine sedation in a patient with severe anorexia nervosa. It supports the importance of a thorough pre-procedure review of a patient's underlying medical problems and the consideration of how sedatives may interact with these conditions. We aim to alert those who care for this complex population of the possible altered neurotransmitters, myopathy, and adverse response to sedation, anesthetics, and analgesics.
Relationship between odontoid fracture angle and cervical sagittal balance.

Background Fractures can occur in various locations within the odontoid process with differing orientations. However, little is known about what factors contribute to the anterior versus posterior angles/orientation of these fractures. Methods We evaluated 74 patients with odontoid fractures (2013-2018) from a single-institution. Patients' fracture angles/orientations were measured on computed tomography studies, and were grouped into oblique posterior (OP) or oblique anterior (OA) groups. We also took into account cervical sagittal balance utilizing upright x-rays. Other variables studied included patients' ages, sagittal balance measurements, and the mechanisms of injury. Results Fracture angles were significantly steeper in the OP group. OP fractures had larger C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis, occiput-C2 angles, and occiput-C7 angles versus anteriorly oriented fractures. In our linear regression model, advanced age and large occiput-C2 angles were predictive of the odontoid fracture angle. Patients who sustained ground-level falls also had significantly steeper fracture angles versus those involved in motor vehicle accidents. Conclusion The odontoid tends to fracture at a steep, posterior angle in elderly patients who demonstrate a large positive sagittal balance when the head is extended following a ground-level falls.
Mental health literacy websites for children of parents with a mental illness.

Objective:This review of online mental health resources was conducted to evaluate and document the availability of mental health resources pertinent to the needs of children of parents with a menta...
Accelerated Zeroth-order Algorithm for Stochastic Distributed Nonconvex Optimization

This paper investigates how to accelerate the convergence of distributed optimization algorithms on nonconvex problems with zeroth-order information available only. We propose a zeroth-order (ZO) distributed primal-dual stochastic coordinates algorithm equipped with "powerball" method to accelerate. We prove that the proposed algorithm has a convergence rate of $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{p}/\sqrt{nT})$ for general nonconvex cost functions. We consider solving the generation of adversarial examples from black-box DNNs problem to compare with the existing state-of-the-art centralized and distributed ZO algorithms. The numerical results demonstrate the faster convergence rate of the proposed algorithm and match the theoretical analysis.
Optimizing Quality of Experience for Long-Range UAS Video Streaming

There is much emerging interest in operating Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) at long-range distances. Unfortunately, it is unclear whether network connectivity at these distances is sufficient to enable applications with stringent performance needs. In this paper, we consider this question in the context of video streaming, an important UAS use-case. We make three contributions. First, we characterize network data collected from real-world UAS flight tests. Our results show that while dropouts (i.e., extended periods of poor performance) present challenges, there is potential to enable video streaming with modest delays, and correlation of throughput with flight path (both distance and orientation) provides new opportunities. Second, we present Proteus, the first system for video streaming targeted at long-range UAS settings. Proteus is distinguished from Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) algorithms developed for Internet settings by explicitly accounting for dropouts, and leveraging flight path information. Third, through experiments with real-world flight traces on an emulation test-bed, we show that at distances of around 4 miles, Proteus reduces the fraction of a viewing session encountering rebuffering from 14.33% to 1.57%, while also significantly improving well-accepted composite video delivery metrics. Overall, our results show promise for enabling video streaming with dynamic UAS networks at long-range distances.
COVID‐19‐Related Knowledge, Protective Behaviors and the Moderating Role of Primary Sources of Information: Findings from a Cross‐Sectional Online Survey in the United States

Research Objective To assess the moderating effects of primary sources of COVID-19 information on the association between knowledge and protective behaviors against COVID-19. Study Design This is a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional online COVID-19 survey conducted among US adults in April 2020 using advertisement-based recruitment on social media. A total of 6518 people completed the survey. Linear regression analysis was performed on COVID-19 knowledge and protective behavior scores. An interaction term between knowledge and primary source of information was included in order to examine any moderating effects of the information source on the relationship between knowledge and protective behaviors. The analysis was adjusted for demographic and socio-economic factors and was conducted using R software (version 3.6.3). Population Studied Adult population (age?>?18) living in the United States. Principal Findings Overall, higher level of COVID-19-related knowledge was associated with higher level of self-reported engagement in protective behaviors. More specifically, our results indicate that the primary source of information modified the association between knowledge and protective behaviors. The most effective sources of information to translate incremental knowledge into higher engagement in protective behaviors were interpersonal communication and social media. Official sources such US government, CDC, and WHO websites had significantly weaker effects. Our results also showed that respondents with lower knowledge scores preferred social media or interpersonal communication as their primary source for seeking COVID-19-related information. Conclusions This study shows the important role that the different COVID-19 information sources can play on influencing people's engagement in protective behaviors while delivering the COVID-19-related knowledge. Implications for Policy or Practice Overflowing information and misinformation are influencing people's degree of engagement in protective behaviors against COVID-19. Policy makers should carefully monitor the use of different information sources by the public so that they can effectively target, influence decision-making, and promote behavior change to fight the current pandemic and the infodemic concurrently.