cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of IRC ablation of anal HSIL following observation in HIV-infected participants: AIDS Malignancy Trial 076

Background Anal HSIL ablation may reduce the incidence of invasive cancer, but few data exist on treatment efficacy in patients with delayed treatment after observation. Methods A multisite clinical trial of HIV-positive participants (≥27 years old) with 1–3 biopsy-proven anal HSIL randomized to IRC ablation (IRC) or active monitoring (AM). After 12 months AM participants with persistent disease could be treated and followed for an additional 12 months. Initial IRC arm participants could remain on-study 12 additional months. Participants were followed every three months undergoing high-resolution anoscopy with biopsy and treatment of recurrent HSIL. Results Of 60 participants initially randomized to AM, 35 returned for IRC at 12 m with 30 (86%) evaluable at 24 m; 25 participants (83%) achieved complete clearance (CC). Of 51 lesions treated, 41 (80%) did not recur. 80% were HSIL free (of treated/new lesions) at 24 m. The cumulative HSIL-free probability in AM participants who crossed over to treatment was 87·5 + 5·9% at 6 m and 63·5 + 9·6 at 12 m post treatment. Results did not significantly differ from the initial IRC arm. Sixteen AM participants without HSIL at 12 m continued for year 2 and 4/11 (36%) recurred by 24 m. Of 35 IRC participants who returned at 24 months, 63% maintained CC and the HSIL-free probability was 42·1 + 7·1% at 24 months. Conclusions In those with limited disease, delaying ablation to allow for HSIL regression before treating remaining disease does not appear to reduce response.
Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Electricity Selling Enterprises Based on Users’ Maslow Demand Analysis

Electricity selling side opening is the main content in China's electricity market reform. Different types of enterprises participating in the market competition have different competitive advantages. This paper puts forward the users’ maslow demand model based on user demand and maslow's demand analysis. According to the demand of the competitive evaluation of electricity selling enterprises, a comprehensive evaluation method for the competitive power of electricity selling enterprises is put forward to comprehensively evaluate the competitive ability of different types of electricity selling enterprises. Finally, some suggestions are puts forward on how to participate in the electricity sale competition in China for electricity selling enterprise.
New High-Spin Isomer 2.3-Day 198 m Au and the 198 Au Level Structure

In 18-MeV deuteron bombardments of enriched $^{200}\mathrm{Hg}$, we have produced a new isomer 2.27 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05-day $^{198m}\mathrm{Au}$, which is believed to be analogous to the $({h}_{\frac{11}{2}}\ensuremath{\pi},{i}_{\frac{13}{2}}\ensuremath{\nu}){12}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isomer in $^{196}\mathrm{Au}$. No ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ branching is observed in the decay of $^{198m}\mathrm{Au}$. The isomeric transition is followed by a cascade of 204.10- and 180.31-keV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays to a 123-nsec level at 312.10 keV which deexcites to ground by a sequence of 97.21-keV ($E1$) and 214.89-keV ($E2$) transitions. A revised interpretation of the results of earlier ($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$) and ($d,p\ensuremath{\gamma}$) studies of the $^{198}\mathrm{Au}$ level structure is presented and shell-model assignments for the levels populated in the isomeric decay are proposed. It is argued that the $E1$ deexcitation of the 123-nsec isomer involves the $l$-forbidden single-particle transition $({d}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\pi},{i}_{\frac{13}{2}}\ensuremath{\nu}){5}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}({d}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{\pi},{f}_{\frac{5}{2}}\ensuremath{\nu}){4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.
“There is Subjectivity, There is Bias”: Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of Equity in Data Literacy for Teaching

Research on equity in data literacy for teaching has lagged yet is of critical importance to ensuring new teachers are prepared to serve diverse students. Our multiple case study conveyed four elem...
The role of off-task thoughts and behaviors in linking self-control with achievement-related and well-being outcomes

Abstract Self-control has been linked to a range of important outcomes. However, little research has examined how individuals high in self-control achieve these positive outcomes. This research investigated the day-to-day behaviors and experiences that may be responsible for these links, focusing on off-task thoughts/behaviors. Specifically, two studies examined mind wandering, distractions, interruptions, and procrastination as mechanisms linking self-control with task completion, GPA, job performance, and affect. Participants initially completed measures of dispositional self-control. They were then sent survey links twice a day for seven days to assess day-to-day behaviors/experiences. Results supported the role of off-task thoughts/behaviors in relationships between self-control and task completion, GPA, job performance, and affect. These findings shed new light on how self-control leads to valued outcomes.
Brewpub as a Retailer: Reasonableness of the Georgia Department of Revenue’s Characterization

Currently, the Georgia Department of Revenue views a brewpub licensee as a retailer (as opposed to a manufacturer). As such, under the DOR’s current position, a person with an ownership interest in a GA brewpub licensee may not also have an interest in a GA brewery licensee. In this paper, I analyze the history of brewpubs, e.g., whether the brewpub concept came about as a result of breweries wanting to offer restaurant-like services or, alternatively, because restaurants wanted to brew beer. I analyze whether the DOR’s current position makes sense in the context of (state and federal) brewpub statutes, legislative history, regulation, and policy concerns. I consider historical tied-house concerns and whether such concerns are present when an individual has an ownership interest in both a brewpub licensee and a brewery licensee. In conclusion, although there is some merit in the DOR’s current position, I find that other options are fairer.
Diffusion limited mixing rates in passive scalar advection

We are concerned with flow enhanced mixing of passive scalars in the presence of diffusion. Under the assumption that the velocity gradient is suitably integrable, we provide upper bounds on the exponential rates of mixing and of enhanced dissipation. Our results suggest that there is a crossover from advection dominated to diffusion dominated mixing, and we observe a slow down in the exponential decay rates by (some power of) a logarithm of the diffusivity.
Social Relationships and Loneliness in Late Adulthood: Disparities by Sexual Orientation

Objective This is the first national study to examine disparities in loneliness and social relationships by sexual orientation in late adulthood in the United States. Background Prior studies have shown that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals often struggle with social relationships across the life course, likely because of stigma related to sexual orientation. However, little is known about whether loneliness is more prevalent among LGB people than among other groups in late adulthood, and if so, which relationships contribute to the loneliness gap. Method We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of older adults from the 2015-2016 National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 3,567) to examine the disparity in loneliness by sexual orientation and identify links between this disparity and multiple dimensions of social relationships, including partner, family, friend, and community relationships. Results Older LGB adults were significantly lonelier than their heterosexual counterparts, primarily due to a lower likelihood of having a partner and, to a lesser extent, lower levels of family support and greater friend strain. While they were also disadvantaged in the size of close family and frequency of community participation, these factors were less relevant to their loneliness. Overall, the conventionally defined inner layers of relationships (partnership and family) contributed more to the loneliness disparity than the outer layers of relationships (friends and community). Conclusion These findings suggest that strengthening the partnerships and family relationships of sexual minorities is essential to reducing the loneliness gap.
An Economic Approach to Family Institution: Regulation of Spouses' Property relations in the Republic of Lithuania

The paper analyses the problem which is relevant both theoretically and practically, since it tries to disclose family as an economic institution credited with important financial advantages, and it provides different economic and social benefits such as tax exemptions, inheritance, child and spouse maintenance, social security and immsigration. This position is revealed analysing the regulation of legal property relations between spouses by laws, various scientific and legal literary works related to this topic as well as court practice.At the moment of marriage commencement, property relations used to acquire a significant value in a major part of traditional societies: in some countries, bride’s parents would award their daughters with dowry, the size of which very often determined the groom’s choice; in other countries, especially in the East, a groom would pay a ransom for his bride. In some countries such customs are extant to the present day and constitute a traditional part of a marriage settlement. In different cultures the bride’s parents must give away part of their property to the newlyweds (known as a dowry). The dowrygiving practice is similar in such countries as Greece, Egypt, India, and China. The type of property called wife’s property exists in the countries of different religions and customs. For instance, the Hindu law entitles the wife’s property as Stridhanam.
Experience using multielectrode cardiac catheters for detection of electrophysiologic activity of the human urinary bladder.

Aim To determine the feasibility of commercially available multielectrode cardiac electrophysiology catheters to detect electrical activity in the human bladder. Methods Ten subjects requiring cystoscopy for the evaluation of lower urinary tract pathology were eligible for participation in our study. After routine rigid cystoscopy with a 70° cystoscope, various multielectrode cardiac electrophysiology catheters were introduced into the bladder. One of three catheters with different electrode configurations was used per subject. Electroanatomical images of the bladder were created and spontaneous electrical activity was recorded. Subjective response to electrical stimuli delivered across the electrodes (20 mA at 5 ms pulse width, rate 100 ms) was also recorded. The responses were qualitatively compared with that from a prior study. Results Electrical activity recorded at the dome of the bladder was less than 0.5 mV and low frequency. Myopotentials resembling smooth muscle were detected at electrodes near or within the trigone. A sensory response was reported with the use of pacing stimuli, with the sensation in the trigone being reported more often than the dome of the bladder. Stimulation in the trigone triggered sensory urgency and voiding in a patient with a history of overactive bladder. Conclusions The use of multielectrode catheters to measure human bladder electrophysiologic activity is feasible. Issues with noise reduction still exist, though to a lesser extent with the multielectrode basket design than simple quadripolar one. Sensory responses to pacing stimuli may be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the future.
Optimal Cross-Sectional Regression

Errors-in-variables (EIV) biases plague asset pricing tests. We offer a new perspective on ad- dressing the EIV issue: instead of viewing EIV biases as estimation errors that potentially contaminate next-stage risk premium estimates, we consider them to be return innovations that follow a particular correlation structure. We factor this structure into our test design, yielding a new regression model that generates the most accurate risk premium estimates. We demonstrate the theoretical appeal as well as the empirical relevance of our new estimator.
Masquelet's induced membrane technique: Review of current concepts and future directions.

Masquelet's induced membrane technique (MIMT) is a relatively new, two-stage surgical procedure to reconstruct segmental bone defects. First performed by Dr. Masquelet in the mid-1980s, MIMT has shown great promise to revolutionize critical-sized bone defect repair and has several advantages over its alternative, distraction osteogenesis (DO). Also, its success in extremely challenging cases (defects > 15 cm) suggests that its study could lead to discovery of novel biological mechanisms that might be at play during segmental defect healing and fracture non-union. MIMT's advantages over DO have led to a world-wide increase in MIMT procedures over the past decades. However, MIMT often needs to be repeated and so the average initial success rate in adults lags significantly behind that of DO (86% vs 95%, respectively). The autologous foreign-body membrane created during the first stage by the immune system's response to a polymethyl methacrylate bone cement spacer is critical to supporting the morselized bone graft implanted in the second stage. However, the biological and/or physical mechanisms by which the membrane supports graft to bone union are unclear. This lack of knowledge makes refining MIMT and improving the success rates through technique improvements and patient selection a significant challenge and hinders wider adoption. In this review, current knowledge from basic, translational, and clinical studies is summarized. The dynamics of both stages under normal conditions as well as with drug or material perturbations is discussed along with perspectives on high-priority future research directions.
Insights on Lactate Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Based on 13 C Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Studies

Despite the textbook pronouncements about muscle lactate (lac) as a glycolytic end-product, which many use to characterize a hypoxia threshold, and as a precursor for recycling in liver, recent studies have begun to challenge these edicts. Indeed, experiment observations have detected lac formation under aerobic conditions and lac shuttling between muscle fibers and within the myocyte as a metabolic precursor. The observations have spawned novel hypothesis to explain aerobic lac formation as part of a dynamic glycogen shunt during a muscle twitch. Since nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has detected a large energy fluctuation during each contraction, the cell must dynamically restore glycogen in order to sustain any extended period of contractions. Because of enhanced signal sensitivity to measure kinetics in seconds, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR experiments can test key elements of these models. Both the glycogen shunt and intracellular lac shuttle models require rapid mobilization and utilization of lac. If lac cannot mobilize rapidly, then the results invalidate immediately the hypotheses in both models. Can muscle then use and mobilize lac? Indeed, the DNP experiment results show rapid lac utilization, which appears to support the validity of the glycogen shunt and lac shuttle model.
mSOD1-NSG mice: a new in vivo model to test human T cells in ALS

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with unclear etiology and few treatment options. Engineering of human cells for therapy has great potential to provide a means to create long-lived therapeutics that can respond to local signals within tissues. One challenge for development of human cell therapeutics is to have disease models that do not reject transplanted human cells. G93A mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (mSOD1) transgenic mouse model is a robust disease model for ALS, with development of local inflammation, activation of microglia and astrocytes, motor neuron death, and development of paralysis. To create a mouse model for ALS that permits the transplantation of human T cells without immune-mediate rejection, we bred the G93A transgene onto the NOD-SCID-IL-2Rγ-deficient (NSG) mouse model to create mSOD1-NSG mice. We report that mSOD1-NSG mice develop a progressive ALS-like disease with microgliosis, astrogliosis, and paralysis development with an average onset at 11 weeks and end-stage at 14 weeks. Transplanted human T regulatory cells survive in these mice for at least 60 days. This mSOD1-NSG mouse model for ALS can be used to test human T cell-based therapeutics, and it may be helpful to test any human cell-based therapy for ALS. Significance Statement G93A SOD1 transgenic NSG mice develop a progressive ALS-like disease and are an in vivo model for testing human T cell-based therapies for ALS.
Importance of Interaction between Turbine Components in Flow Field Simulation

The application of viscous flow prediction methods, i.e. Navier — Stokes methods, has drastically increased during the development of hydraulic machines in the course of the last several years. This proceeding supports the design process through a detailed knowledge of the viscous flow behaviour in all components of the hydraulic machine. Usually, a broad operation range is investigated, covering the optimum conditions, too.
Medical image users' search tactics across different search tasks

Image searching behaviors are complex interactions among many factors. This study sheds light on the effects of two key factors (domain knowledge and search tasks) on search tactics in order to provide implementation guides for designing medical image information systems. 41 participants were recruited to perform on three types of image search tasks. The preliminary results demonstrated that domain knowledge and search tasks have significant effects on two types of search tactics: Term Selection Tactics and Search Monitoring Tactics. More specifically, domain experts are more likely to use self-generated queries, spend longer time in reading instructions (preparation for searching). Novices were found to use more given or derived queries and to re-read instructions most in order to compensate for their inability to understand and memorize search topics. This study found that Specific Tasks result in more use of search tactics such as Re-reading Instructions than General Tasks and Abstract Tasks.
Effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia on ACE activity in the cerebral microcirculation of anesthetized dogs.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity of the cerebral microcirculation of anesthetized dogs was measured from cerebral venous outflow curves after bolus injection of a synthetic ACE substrat...
A method of viscoelastic stress analysis using elastic solutions

Abstract A method employing elastic solutions is proposed for solving the integral equations that arise in viscoelasticity. Two numerical examples are given to demonstrate its accuracy and ease of application. It is first shown that, in many cases, a viscoelastic response will be approximately equal to an elastic solution wherein elastic constants are replaced by time-dependent creep or relaxation functions. The familiar integral equations of linear thermo-viscoelasticity are reformulated in terms of dependent variables which satisfy homogeneous mechanical boundary conditions, and which are equal to the difference between these quasi-elastic solutions and the actual viscoelastic solutions. If it is found necessary, these equations can be solved by numerical techniques, such as finite-difference integration or successive approximations, whose methods reduce the elastic-viscoelastic difference equations to a sequence of elastic problems. Furthermore, they often can be solved more easily than the original viscoelastic equations. Following some considerations on superposition of the quasi-elastic and difference solutions in the presence of transient temperatures, two numerical examples are given: pressurization of a reinforced hollow cylinder with a moving boundary, and large deflection of a cantilever. In each case, the quasi-elastic approximation is found to be sufficiently accurate for most engineering purposes. Some concluding remarks relate to implications of the method in regard to photoviscoelasticity.
Family Transitions, Housing Market Context, and First Home Purchase by Young Married Households

This paper examines the relation of family transitions and housing market context to home purchase by young married households. The effects of family socioeconomic and housing market characteristics are examined. Earnings of the husband and the wife number of children county-level median home value and county-level home ownership rate each predict the timing of home purchases. There is no evidence that the effects of family variables differ by housing market characteristics. This suggests that during the 1970s families did not adapt to higher housing prices by different fertility or work behavior. The data are from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics. (EXCERPT)
Electroencephalographic pattern of burst suppression in a case of barbiturate coma.

Abstract A case of barbiturate intoxication showing an EEG pattern of burst suppression with periods of markedly depressed activity lasting up to 50 sec is described, in which the patient recovered completely clinically within 4 days and the EEG was normal in 47 days. The case is described along with data presented by other authors.
Ligational effects in vanadyl complexes

Abstract Results of a study of the shift in the vanadium-oxygen multiple bond stretching frequency of VO(acac) 2 as a function of (a) solvent, (b) neutral ligand and (c) anionic ligand, are reported and discussed. Ligands were found to fall into three rather distinct groups. Those producing a shift of 48 ± 3 cm −1 include a number of primary amines, pyridine, ammonia and the moderately strong field anions NCS − and CH 3 COO − . Those producing no shift include ligands which owe much of their ligational strength to metal to ligand π-bonding, such as diphenylsulphide and triphenylphosphine, and weak field anions such as Cl − , ClO 4 − and NO 3 − . Certain ligands, such as tetrahydrofuran and p -dioxane, produce smaller shifts of 23 ± 1 cm −1 and the adducts which they form with the vanadyl complex have relatively low formation constants. Frequency shifts caused by mass effects alone have no relevance in these studies.
Experimental validation of robotic manifold tracking in gyre-like flows

In this paper, we present a first attempt toward experimental validation of a multi-robot strategy for tracking manifolds and Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) in flows. LCS exist in natural fluid flows at various scales, and they are time-varying extensions of stable and unstable manifolds of time invariant dynamical systems. In this work, we present the first steps toward experimentally validating our previously proposed real-time manifold and LCS tracking strategy that relies solely on local measurements. Although we have validated the strategy in simulations using analytical flow models, experimental flow data, and actual ocean data, the strategy has never been implemented on an actual robotic platform. We demonstrate the tracking strategy using a team of micro autonomous surface vehicles (mASVs) in our laboratory testbed and investigate the feasibility of the strategy with vehicles operating in an actual fluid environment. Our experimental results show that the team of mASVs can successfully track LCS using a simulated velocity field, and we present preliminary results showing the feasibility of a team of mASVs tracking manifolds in real flows using only local measurements obtained from their onboard flow sensors.
“Like Apples of Gold in Pictures of Silver”: The Portrait of Wisdom in Jonathan Edwards's Commentary on the Book of Proverbs

In 1710 the English biblical commentator Matthew Henry declared that no book was more “serviceable” for the “right ordering” of human behavior than the biblical book of Proverbs. According to him, that scriptural collection of precepts and maxims comprised “a complete body of divine ethics, politics, and economics” which exposed vice and recommended virtue. The book of Proverbs provided “rules” governing “every relation and condition.” Henry noted that Proverbs was written for the use of all persons, but especially for the simple, the ignorant, and the young. Youth is the time of learning, he stated, the age of instruction and impressions.
Munchausen by proxy: A case, chart series, and literature review of older victims

Abstract The history of an older child victim of Munchausen by proxy (MBP) is described. He was referred for evaluation after repeated sinus surgeries for recurrent sinus infections believed to be related to a falsified history of an immunodeficiency. The perpetrator was the mother of this 14-year-old victim, consistent with the majority of such cases. This case prompted a review of cases of MBP in older children reported in our hospital as well as a literature search for other cases in older children. Methods: This study was a chart review of children over 6 years of age who had been evaluated by social services at the Children's Hospital at the Cleveland Clinic and reported as cases of Munchausen by proxy to Child Protective Services between January 2001 and June 2003. Also, an OVID, Psychline, and Pubmed literature review of published cases of Munchausen by proxy were identified, and cases occurring in the older child were selected for review. Results: Older children who are the victims of Munchausen by proxy may have an induced illness, but falsified reports of symptoms and medical history to coerce the child to undergo medical procedures may be more common. Collusion of the victim with the perpetrator may also become a factor as the child ages and adopts the deception. Given the complex relationship that exists between the parent and child, it is difficult to predict whether the victim either will assist the caregiver in maintaining the factitious illness or be able to recognize the falsification. Conclusions: Older children who are the victims of Munchausen by proxy may fear consequences of revealing the factitious illness. Physicians must consider the possibility of this diagnosis whenever there are discrepancies in a child's illness that makes a factitious illness a consideration.
Motivation for environmental construction

Environmental laws are increasing and changing faster than they can be implemented in the construction industry. This is especially important for federal facilities and environmental construction because federal agencies are strongly averse to notices of violation to environmental regulations. Other industries, such as the Air Force aircraft development industry, are coping with problems related to impacts of environmental laws by integrating the concept of design for environment into their management strategy on a life-cycle basis. The construction industry has historically addressed environmental regulations in a segregated and fragmented approach and seen environmental issues as restrictions and constraints. With the advent of sustainability in construction and bioremediation in environmental construction, federal agencies also need to address the problem in an integrated fashion by improving its project management, planning, and implementation strategies. This article presents a framework that can be used by the construction industry for analyzing construction alternatives in an integrated fashion with respect to environmental laws and regulations. The framework provides a holistic approach for taking into consideration public needs, construction processes, and regulatory governmental functions. The framework can be used by federal agencies for addressing life-cycle environmental issues pertaining to compliance, conservation, and pollution prevention. Use of the holistic approach and integrated framework is expected to minimize remediation in new building and environmental construction projects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of dilation and curettage in the diagnosis of pregnancy of unknown location

Objective We sought to determine utility of uterine evacuation for diagnosis of nonviable pregnancy of unknown location (PUL). Study Design We conducted a cohort study to assess the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy (EP), overall, and stratified by presenting signs and symptoms in women with a nonviable PUL. Results Of the 173 women, 66 (38%) had miscarriage (spontaneous abortion [SAB]) and 107 (62%) had EP. When initial human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was 30% fall in postcurettage hCG was suggestive, but was not a diagnostic indicator of SAB. Conclusion Uterine evacuation is a useful diagnostic aid for women with nonviable PUL. Nondiagnostic ultrasound findings and absolute and serial hCG values are associated with, but do not accurately predict final diagnosis.
Expanding and converting regulatory T cells: a horizon for immunotherapy

The human immune system is a myriad of diverse cellular populations, each contributing to maintaining an effective and optimal immune response against infectious agents. It is important to maintain a “self-check” in the immune system so that responses do not go haywire, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. Regulatory/suppressor T (Treg) cells are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that suppress the activation, expansion, and function of other T cells, thereby maintaining homeostasis through a fine balance between reactivity to foreign and self antigens. Tregs are characterized by surface expression of interleukin (IL)-2 receptor α chain (CD25) and intracellular expression of forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3). There are at least two important functional populations of Treg cells, namely natural Treg (nTreg), which are continuously derived from the thymus, and induced Treg (iTreg), which are converted from naive T cells. The development and function of both nTreg and iTreg cells are regulated by several factors, such as antigen T-cell receptor, co-stimulatory receptors (i.e., cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen, or CTLA-4), and cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, and tumor growth factor-β, or TGF-β). In addition, the TGF-β inhibitor ALK5, retinoid acid, and rapamycin influence the expansion of nTreg cells and the conversion of iTreg cells in vitro and in vivo. The heightening of Treg expansion may be harnessed to therapeutic methods for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the induction of transplantation tolerance.
A Quantitative Determination of the Neutron Moment in Absolute Nuclear Magnetons

The magnetic resonance method of determinng nuclear magnetic moments in molecular beams, recently described by Rabi and his collaborators, has been extended to allow the determination of the neutron moment. In place of deflection by inhomogeneous magnetic fields, magnetic scattering is used to produce and analyze the polarized beam of neutrons. Partial depolarization of the neutron beam is observed when the Larmor precessional frequency of the neutrons in a strong field is in resonance with a weak oscillating magnetic field normal to the strong field. A knowledge of the frequency and field when the resonance is observed, plus the assumption that the neutron spin is \textonehalf{}, yields the moment directly. The theory of the experiment is developed in some detail, and a description of the apparatus is given. A new method of evaluating magnetic moments in all experiments using the resonance method is described. It is shown that the magnetic moment of any nucleus may be determined directly in absolute nuclear magnetons merely by a measurement of the ratio of two magnetic fields. These two fields are ($a$), that at which resonance occurs in a Rabi type experiment for a certain frequency, and ($b$) that at which protons are accelerated in a cyclotron operated on the $n$th harmonic of that frequency. The magnetic moment is then (for $J=\frac{1}{2}$, $\ensuremath{\mu}=\frac{{H}_{b}}{n{H}_{a}}$. $n$ is an integer and $\frac{{H}_{b}}{{H}_{a}}$ may be determined by null methods with arbitrary precision. The final result of a long series of experiments during which 200 million neutrons were counted is that the magnetic moment of the neutron, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{n}={1.93}_{5}+0.02$ absolute nuclear magnetons. A brief discussion of the significance of this result is presented.
The efficacy of a neuropsychological symptom inventory in the differential diagnosis of neurological, depressed, and normal patients

This study examined the efficacy of using a symptom inventory to discriminate between neurological, depressed, and normal patients. Symptoms such as hallucinations, numbness of extremities, balance problems, and a localized place on head sensitive to touch were identified as the best predictors of the neurologically impaired patients when compared to the depressed and normal groups. Similarly, sleep problems was the best predictor of the depressed group. Using a step-wise discriminant analysis, a total of 91% of the patients were correctly diagnosed on the basis of reported symptoms. These results were discussed in terms of the overlap in symptomology between the neurological and psychiatric groups and the relative efficiency of using a self-report measure in making differential diagnoses.
Geophysical insights into the Transition fault debate: Propagating strike slip in response to stalling Yakutat block subduction in the Gulf of Alaska

On the basis of faulting mapped on seismic reflection and bathymetric data, seismicity, current plate motions, and evidence that the Yakutat block may be anomalously thick, we propose a tectonic model for Yakutat-Pacific interactions, including the often-debated Transition fault. To the east, deformation associated with the Queen Charlotte–Fairweather fault system is extending offshore, facilitating westward propagation of strike-slip motion along the eastern segment of the Transition fault. To the west, the oblique-slip Pamplona zone and Transition faults merge at an embayment in the continental margin, where a north-south dextral strike-slip fault within the Pacific plate, illuminated by the 1987–1992 earthquake swarm, intersects the Pacific-Yakutat tectonic boundary. These fault patterns are consistent with modern plate motions and reflect a plate boundary reorganization that may be caused by resistance to subduction by the Yakutat block, a possible moderate-sized oceanic plateau.
Simulation of Institutional Incentive Plans for Faculty Early Retirement Using a Behavioral Model of Retirement Decision-Making.

This paper uses coefficient estimates from a model of retirement decision-making for faculty members in higher education institutions to simulate the impact of financial incentives for early retirement. The results suggest that plans can be designed to induce relatively large numbers of faculty members to retire prior to the mandatory retirement age. However, the costs of hiring replacements plus pension subsidies can be substantial, especially if the subsidies are directed toward faculty members with relatively low salaries. Hence, institutions wishing to provide open positions to hire new faculty may prefer different incentive plans than those whose goals do not require filling each position with a new faculty member.
A dilemma at the journal's inception

Abstract An important question that preceded the publication of Behaviour Research and Therapy was its probable effect on the ability of other journals to maintain a flow of papers on behavior therapy. Despite “safeguards”, the number of articles available to these journals was greatly reduced, and this did seriously hinder the spread of behavior therapy.
Real Groups: The Design and Immediate Effects of a Prevention Intervention for Latino Children

This article describes the development and immediate effects of a small-group intervention designed to complement a school-based prevention program for children and youth. The REAL Groups intervention is the result of a partnership with predominately Mexican American schools located in the central city neighborhoods of a southwestern U.S. metropolitan area. The group members (N = 115) were fifth graders from six central city schools. Group members were identified and referred by their teachers as in need of additional support beyond the keepin'it REAL classroom-based substance abuse prevention intervention, or they were invited by the referred students. The REAL Groups followed a mutual aid approach, and Masters in Social Work student interns trained in the REAL Groups intervention served as the group facilitators. This article describes the small-group intervention and provides an initial report on the results by comparing the small-group members (n = 115) with Mexican-heritage classmates (n = 306) who only received the classroom-based keepin' it REAL prevention intervention. This is a feasibility study in preparation for the follow-up study with seventh graders. As expected due to the low drug-use rates reported by fifth-grade participants, the effectiveness results were inconclusive. The immediate findings, however, provide important information about the design and evaluation of culturally specific group interventions with acculturating children. The article provides important methodological and practice implications for small-group school-based interventions as well as recommendations for future research.
The Radiative Association of H and D

The formation of the deuterated hydrogen molecule HD by the radiative association of H and D is investigated. Spontaneous association and stimulated association in a blackbody radiation field are considered. For a collision temperature of 1000 K, the rate coefficient for spontaneous radiative association is 1.0 × 10-26 cm3 s-1. At the same collision temperature, the rate coefficient is enhanced by stimulated association to 1.8 × 10-26 cm3 s-1 for a radiation temperature of 10,000 K. The role of radiative association in the deuterium chemistry of the early universe is discussed.
Herpes Diagnostic Tests and Their Use

Genital Herpes is common, causes a broad spectrum of clinical disease, and enhances susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Accurate diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus infection is important in surveillance, diagnosis and management, screening, and quality assurance. We have reviewed currently available herpes diagnostics and their appropriate use.
Convergent validity of and bias in maternal reports of child emotion.

This study examined the convergent validity of maternal reports of child emotion in a sample of 190 children between the ages of 3 and 6. Children completed a battery of 10 emotion-eliciting laboratory tasks; their mothers and untrained naive observers rated child emotions (happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, and anger) following each task, and trained coders rated videotapes of each task for the same emotions. Consistent with studies using other designs, maternal reports demonstrated weak to moderate convergence with the other rating methods. Extending prior research, a number of maternal characteristics (particularly lifetime psychiatric diagnoses and personality traits) were associated with their reports of child emotions in the lab, above and beyond the effects of objective coding and observer reports of child emotions. For some emotions, mothers' mental health and dispositional variables were more strongly related to their reports of the child's emotions than were objective indices of the child's observable emotional behavior.
The "power" of communication

Welcome to IEEE Micro's first issue of 2005. Like last year, we begin with a theme issue on Hot Interconnects. In addition to this main theme, the issue also contains two other important articles dealing with mainstream microprocessor architectures.
Excretion of 3-methylhistidine and hydroxyproline following acute weight-training exercise.

Changes in urine excretion of 3-methylhistidine (3MH) and hydroxyproline (OHP) were investigated following a single session of weight training that produced delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The subjects (n = 18) maintained meat-free diets for 6 days and collected 24-h urine volume on day 4 (PRE), day 5 (POST1), and day 6 (POST2) for analysis of 3MH, OHP, and creatinine (CRE). At the end of PRE, nine subjects (EX) performed intensive weight-training exercises. The remaining subjects (NE) served as a nonexercised group. All subjects were measured for fat free weight (FFW) and rated DOMS at the end of each urine collection period, i.e., PRE, POST1, and POST2. The results were significant DOMS ratings on POST1 and POST2 compared with PRE2 for EX only. Excretion of 3MH (x +/- SE in mumol/day) by group were, for EX, PRE 271 +/- 18, POST1 243 +/- 16, POST2 259 +/- 23; for NE, PRE 203 +/- 23, POST1 209 +/- 27, POST2 225 +/- 32. Excretion of OHP (x +/- SE in mg/day) were, for EX, PRE 30.0 +/- 5.4, POST1 32.8 +/- 6.4, POST2 29.6 +/- 6.1; for NE, PRE 22.5 +/- 5.2, POST1 21.6 +/- 6.0, POST2 22.7 +/- 6.0. Changes in urine 3MH and OHP were not statistically significant, whether analyzed in absolute terms or relative to CRE and FFW. It was concluded that the acute session of weight training which produced muscle soreness did not effect excretion of 3MH or OHP.
Input- and output-oriented approaches to implementing ecosystem management

Input- and output-oriented approaches to landscape management have distinct roles for resource protection, environmental restoration, and sustainable land management. Implementing recent proposals for ecosystem management in the western United States involves a synthesis of input and output management. Within the broader context of ecosystem management, input management focuses on tailoring land use to the landscape, whereas output management employs assessments of resource condition to trigger modified management activity once resources are degraded to specified threshold conditions. Current approaches to landscape-scale management, however, tend to rely primarily on output-oriented strategies that are most effective for monitoring environmental conditions. Current uses of input management focus on environmental impact assessments, which generally are site- or project-specific analyses. The compeexity and dynamic nature of ecosystems, and the range of scales over which ecological processes operate, imply that development and incorporation of input-oriented approaches into landscape-scale management is necessary to implement ecosystem management as a strategy for sustainable land use.
Time of Residence of Radioactive Debris in the Stratosphere

THE world-wide distribution of strontium-90 from nuclear weapons tests has been extensively studied, especially by the University of Chicago Sunshine Project and others. It has been established that the cumulative deposition has a strong peak in the middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere, and the rate of deposition has repeatedly shown a maximum in the spring.
Credit rationing, deregulation and race in mortgage lending in the United States: 1960–90

This paper examines discrimination in mortgage lending in teh United States over three decades in 1960 to 1990. We focus on whether deregulation, increased Federal oversight and enhanced competition reduce discrimination as becker's theory suggests (Becker, 1971). We find that discrimination is evident over the three decades taken together, is prevalent from 1960 to 1980, but is absent in the data from 1980 to 1990. This finding strongly supports Becker' hypothesis. Preferences for discrimination appear to be offset by the higher costs fo engaging in them after 1980.
Bott periodicity and realizations of chiral symmetry in arbitrary dimensions

Abstract We compute the chiral symmetries of the Lagrangian for confining “vector-like” gauge theories with massless fermions in d -dimensional Minkowski space and, under a few reasonable assumptions, determine the form of the quadratic fermion condensates which arise through spontaneous breaking of these symmetries. We find that for each type (complex, real, or pseudoreal) of representation of the gauge group carried by the fermions, the chiral symmetries of the Lagrangian, as well as the residual symmetries after dynamical breaking, exactly follow the pattern of Bott periodicity as the dimension changes. The consequences of this for the topological features of the low-energy effective theory are considered.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage D1 adenocarcinoma of prostate

In a series of 112 patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer, 37 were found to have pelvic lymph node metastases. After prostatic irradiation, these 37 patients were divided into groups receiving adjunctive chemotherapy versus no additional treatment. The patients were followed for a period ranging from twelve to sixty-five months for evidence of disease progression. Of the 12 patients administered chemotherapy, disease progression was documented in 4 (average time to progression was fifteen months). In contrast, of the 25 patients receiving no additional treatment, 12 exhibited evidence of gross metastatic disease within an average interval of 11.6 months. One death has been recorded in the chemotherapy group at twenty-nine months after diagnosis; 4 deaths have occurred in patients receiving no systemic therapy (average time to death was eighteen months).
Uncertainty Analyses of Fuel Hydrocarbon Biodegradation Signatures in Ground Water by Probabilistic Modeling

Natural attenuation processes, such as biodegradation, may serve as a means for remediating ground water contaminated by fuel hydrocarbons from leaking underground fuel tanks (LUFTs). Quantification of the uncertainties associated with natural attenuation, and hence the capacity to limit plume migration and restore an aquifer, is important. In this study, a probabilistic screening model is developed to quantify uncertainties involved in the impact of biodegradation on hydrocarbon plume behavior. The approach is based on Monte Carlo simulation using an analytical solution to the advective-dispersive solute transport equation, including a first-order degradation term, coupled with mass balance constraints on electron acceptor use. Empirical probability distributions for governing parameters are provided as input to the model. Application of the model to an existing LUFT site illustrates the degree of uncertainty associated with model-predicted hydrocarbon concentrations and geochemical indicators at individual site monitoring wells as well as the role of various parameter assumptions (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, first-order decay coefficient, source term) in influencing forecasts. This information is useful for risk management planning because the degree of confidence that biodegradation will limit the impact of a hydrocarbon plume on potential receptors can be quantified.
RAF antisense oligonucleotide as a tumor radiosensitizer

The RAF-1 serine-threonine kinase plays a central role in signal transduction pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation. The concept of RAF-1-targeted disruption of cell signaling for therapeutic purposes was first advanced in 1989 with the demonstration of tumor growth inhibition in athymic mice and radiosensitization of human squamous carcinoma cells transfected with a vector expressing antisense cDNA. However, the clinical application of antisense strategies has awaited the development of improved antisense oligonucleotide technologies and drug delivery methods. Nuclease-resistant phosphorothioated antisense oligonucleotides have been the focus of pharmaceutical industry attention. In vivo delivery of nuclease-sensitive, natural backbone/phosphodiester oligonucleotides has remained a formidable challenge. Liposomal encapsulation of antisense oligonucleotides protects them from degradation and enhances drug delivery. Here, we review the importance of targeting RAF-1 signaling in cancer therapy and the preclinical and clinical experiences with a liposomal formulation of a nuclease-sensitive, ends-modified antisense RAF oligonucleotide.