cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Total Body Irradiation Followed by Bone Marrow Transplantation on the Disposition Kinetics of Mitomycin-C in the Rat

The effects of total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation on the disposition kinetics of intravenously-administered methotrexate have been studied in the Wistar-Furth rat. Eight test animals received total body irradiation (1000 rads) followed by intravenous administration of 3 X 10(8) bone marrow cells per kg body weight. Eight control animals were sham-irradiated and received an equal volume of blank suspension medium. One day after these treatments each rat received methotrexate (25 mg/kg) by rapid intravenous injection and serial blood samples were obtained over a 3 hour period. Serum methotrexate concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated after NONLIN analysis of data. No significant differences were observed in total body clearances of test and control animals. As methotrexate in the rat is cleared predominantly by renal excretion of unchanged drug, these findings suggest that this process is not affected by radiation. Significantly larger volumes of distribution were observed in test animals. Increased extent of distribution in irradiated animals could be a result of a radiation-induced increase in membrane permeability and/or increased blood flow to irradiated areas. Future studies should assess the clinical significance of such findings.
Eye movements in forced-choice recognition: Absolute judgments can preclude relative judgments

Abstract Forced choice recognition is usually assumed to involve a relative judgment process in which each test alternative is matched to memory and the one with the highest memory strength is selected. We monitored eye movements during a forced-choice recognition test to determine if absolute judgments also play a role; that is, do participants ever select an item because its memory strength exceeds an absolute criterion without comparing it to the other item? The results strongly supported a role for absolute judgments. Participants sometimes selected a response without looking at one of the test alternatives, and they were most likely to do this when they looked at the target first and correctly selected it as the studied item. Participants were also more accurate when they looked at the target first than when they looked at the lure first, which would be expected if they sometimes failed to consider the actual target word because they made an incorrect absolute judgment that the lure was studied. Finally, response times were faster when the word selected as the studied item was considered first than when it was considered second; that is, correct responses were faster when the target was viewed first and errors were faster when the lure was viewed first. This would be expected if participants sometimes make absolute judgments that the first item was studied, thus eliminating the additional time needed to consider the second item.
Emerging Novel Non-invasive Imaging

The diagnosis of melanoma, especially lentigo maligna (LM) occurring on sun-damaged skin, can be quite challenging. Diagnosing and treating melanoma at its earliest stage is key to preventing invasion and spread. While dermoscopy aids in clinical detection, skin biopsy still remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Broad lesions, sampling bias, cosmetically sensitive areas, and trailing edges of melanocytes may all contribute to difficulty in the histopathological diagnosis of LM with traditional biopsy techniques. Non-invasive imaging tools are an exciting prospect to augment the diagnosis of lentigo maligna and provide a real time, in-vivo look at the skin. The current state of non-invasive cutaneous imaging along with the advantages and limitations of such will be discussed herein. With increasing depth of penetration and image resolution we may be approaching a renaissance of cutaneous melanoma imaging.
Teaching Communication Skills to Radiology Residents

The transition of health care in the United States from volume to value requires a systems-based approach aligning clinical services across the continuum of care. The ability to communicate effectively and resolve conflict is a critical skill within the systems-based model. Recognizing the essential role of communication in medicine, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education has designated interpersonal and communication skills a core competency for all residents regardless of specialty. Yet, communication skills are often developed through on-the-job training or not at all. Traditional educational curricula use a predominantly didactic approach without opportunities for trainees to observe, actively experiment, or reflect on what is learned as a part of the learning process. In this article, we describe a 1-day experiential communication skills workshop customized for radiology residents that consists of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and conflict management sessions designed to develop interpersonal, communication, and conflict management skills through group discussion, role-play, and simulation. The purpose of this educational initiative was to determine the perceived value of an experiential communication skills workshop designed for radiology trainees.
A multiple anisotropic material finite element and its application to stiffness tensor predictions for woven composite lamina

Abstract The effective anisotropic stiffness tensor C ijkl of a woven composite lamina can be calculated by performing a finite element analysis (FEA) of the representative volume element (RVE); however, the complex geometry of heterogeneous RVEs makes meshing tedious. This paper develops two unique multiphase voxel elements (MVEs) that account for multiple materials within an elemental domain by utilizing the material properties at each integration point to develop local strain corrections. Studies performed on simple cuboid geometries show exceptional agreement with standard FEA results, and results from the new voxel elements are more accurate than previous MVEs presented in literature. The application for these new MVEs is demonstrated on plain and twill weave composite laminae, and the results generated are in exceptional agreement with experimental results available in the literature and computationally expensive studies using standard finite elements.
Direct Training to Increase Agreement Between Teachers’ and Observers’ Treatment Integrity Ratings:

To evaluate students’ responsiveness to an intervention, both student outcome and implementer treatment integrity data are needed. Teachers are often asked to self-report treatment integrity data. ...
Abstract 17340: Stem Cell Source of Exosomes Determines Their Cardioprotective Effect

Exosomes (Exo) released from stem cells play a critical role in alleviating ischemic myocardial injury. They are long-lived in body fluids with longer circulating half-life and cellular effects. To better understand Exo mediated therapy for ischemic myocardium, we used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue (AD-MSC) and bone marrow (BM-MSC), and compared the effects of Exo derived separately from them on the cardiomyocyte (CM) protection against ischemic injury. MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue and bone marrow of 6-8 week-old mice. Exo were collected from conditioned medium using ExoQuick-TC Exosome Precipitation Solution. CMs were obtained from ventricles of 2-day-old rats, and were exposed to hypoxic culture (1% O 2 , 5%CO 2 , and 94% N 2 ) for 72 hrs. There was no difference on surface markers expression (Fig. A), although the proliferation speed was faster (Fig. B) in AD-MSCs compared to that in BM-MSCs. The amount of Exo secreted from AD-MSCs (Exo-AD) was more than that from BM-MSCs (Exo-BM) (Fig. C). Exo significantly protected CMs against the injury induced by exposure to hypoxia for 72 hrs (Fig. D). The survival rate was significantly higher in the group treated with Exo-AD derived from same number of MSCs than those from Exo-BM (Fig. E). However, the cell survival was better in CMs treated with Exo-BM compared to that that treated with Exo-AD when same amount of Exo were used (Fig. F). AD-MSCs proliferated faster and secreted more Exo compared to BM-MSCs. It is concluded that source of Exo may be important in designing their therapeutic effects.
Starting from the Archives: Digital Humanities Partnerships, Projects, and Pedagogies

Abstract In this chapter, we reflect on our concerted efforts to establish a partnership around our shared commitment to stimulate interest in archival research, digital pedagogy, and the digital humanities. The “Save Our Stories: Engaging with Digital Collections” project became a touchstone in our efforts to reach across disciplinary boundaries, break through institutional barriers, and provide opportunities for faculty and students to engage with physical and digital collections.
Reduction of Ketones to Alkenes

The carbon–carbon π-bond plays a central role in synthesis, not only in its own right as a functional group present in many target molecules, but also as a synthetic intermediate through which an extraordinary number of important transformations are accomplished. In fact, nearly two complete volumes of ‘Comprehensive Organic Synthesis’ are devoted to alkene reactions, many of which require stereo- or regio-isomerically homogeneous starting materials if they are to be useful. This chapter examines one of the more important general routes to this fundamentally important functional group, the transformation of ketones into alkenes.
A systematic approach to multiple datasets visualization of scalar volume data

Many applications require simultaneous display of multiple datasets, representing multiple samples, or multiple conditions, or multiple simulation times, in the same visualization. Such multiple dataset visualization (MDV) has to handle and render massive amounts of data concurrently. We analyze the performance of two widely used techniques, namely, isosurface extraction and texture-based rendering for visualization of multiple sets of the scalar volume data. Preliminary tests performed using up to 25 sets of moderate-size (256) data show that the calculated times for the generation and rendering of polygons representing isosurface, and for the mapping of a series of textured slices increase non-uniformly with increasing the number of individual datasets. Both techniques are found to no longer be interactive with the frame-rates dropping below one for six or more datasets. To improve the MDV frame-rate, we propose a scheme based on the combination of hardware-assisted texture mapping and general clipping. In essence, it exploits the 3D surface texture mapping by rendering only the externally visible surfaces of all volume datasets at a given instant, with dynamic clipping enabled to explore the interior of the data. The calculated frame-rates remain above one and are substantially higher than those with the other two techniques.
Neuronal Death Mechanisms in Development and Disease

In this chapter we cover several distinct aspects of neuronal cell death. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is incredibly important for shaping a properly organized nervous system during development. However, unlike most other cell types, neurons must survive for the lifetime of the organism and therefore possess multiple, unique ways to tightly regulate cell death pathways. Neurons employ several distinct “brakes” within the apoptotic pathway to prevent unwanted cell loss and utilize signaling pathways mediated by dependence receptors and the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor to fine-tune survival and death outcomes during development. In addition, neurons undergo dynamic changes to restrict the apoptotic pathway as they mature and become fully integrated into the adult nervous system. Interestingly, several components of cell death machinery also have critical nonapoptotic roles in neurons, such as modulating synaptic plasticity or mediating neurite pruning to ensure the establishment of precise neuronal circuitry. Lastly, we provide a broad overview of the complex and multiple cell death mechanisms seen in neurons after injury and in neurodegenerative diseases.
Rodent and Lagomorph Morphotype Adaptations, Origins, and Relationships: Some Postcranial Attributes Analyzed

The literature on postcranials, whether descriptive or analytical, paleontological or neontological, is amazingly scanty for the largest of the mammalian orders, the Rodentia. Although some excellent descriptions can be found on fossils (see especially Wood, 1937, 1962; Emry and Thorington, 1982), and equally important contributions have been made to comparative myology of the postcranium (e. g., Hildebrand, 1978; Woods, this volume, and references therein), this evidence has not been utilized convincingly to attempt an understanding of the origins and relationships, and the early postcranial adaptations of the order. My aim in this paper is to concentrate on these two closely interrelated goals of evolutionary analysis, primarily for the Rodentia, but with some definite observations on the Lagomorpha, sensu lato, as well.
Objective Calculations of Divergence, Vertical Velocity and Vorticity

Methods of calculating horizontal divergence, vertical velocity and vorticity directly from wind observations without analyzing the wind field are presented. The appropriate formulae for these quantities in terms of the finite areas or volumes determined by the observation points are derived. Convenient nomographs and tabular forms for their calculation are described and illustrated.
Unsupervised learning about 4D features of microparticle motion

Material clusters of different sizes are known to exist in high-temperature plasmas due to plasma-wall interactions. The facts that these clusters, ranging from sub-microns to above mm in size, can move from one location to another quickly and that there are a lot of them make high-speed imaging and tracking one of the best, effective, and sometimes only diagnostic. An unsupervised machine learning technique based on deconvolutional neural networks is developed to analyze two-camera videos of high-temperature microparticles generated from exploding wires. The neural network utilizes a locally competitive algorithm to infer representations and optimize a dictionary composed of kernels, or basis vectors, for image analysis. Our primary goal is to use this method for feature recognition and prediction of the time-dependent three-dimensional (or "4D") microparticle motion. Features equivalent to local velocity vectors have been identified as the dictionary kernels or "building blocks" of the scene. The dictionary elements from the left and right camera views are found to be strongly correlated and satisfy the projection geometrical constraints. The results show that unsupervised machine learning techniques are promising approaches to process large sets of images for high-temperature plasmas and other scientific experiments. Machine learning techniques can be useful to handle the large amount of data and therefore aid the understanding of plasma-wall interaction.
Association with a sea anemone alters the skin microbiome of clownfish

Host-associated microbes play important roles in animal health. Clownfish and anemones form a mutualistic relationship where external surfaces are in constant contact with one another. The effects of this mutualism on the skin mucosal microbiome of clownfish are unknown. We monitored the mucosal microbiome of the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii before, during and after association (hosting) with the anemone Entacmaea quadricolor. Microbiome composition differed significantly between hosting and non-hosting clownfish. Upon separation of clownfish from anemones, the microbiome of post-hosting fish converged to resemble that of non-hosting fish. Bacterial sequence variants that significantly distinguished hosting from non-hosting clownfish were more abundant in the anemone microbiome and that of hosting fish, compared to non-hosting fish, suggesting transfer from or enrichment by the anemone. These results show that direct contact mutualism results in significant but reversible microbiome shifts, raising questions about a potential microbial role in mediating the fish–anemone interaction.
Firms’ credit requirements and monetary policy rules

Abstract We study the effects of inflation targeting, the Taylor rule, and unemployment targeting when firms face credit constraints. For all levels of credit requirements, the unemployment targeting rule is most effective in stabilizing major variables compared to the other rules.
Myelin proteolipid protein-induced aggregation of lipid vesicles: efficacy of the various molecular species.

The different molecular species that form the myelin proteolipid protein family were isolated by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography in organic solvents and their adhesive properties were tested using a vesicle aggregation assay. Addition of the major proteolipid (PLP) to phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol vesicles caused their clustering as determined by increase in O.D.(450 nm) and by transmission electron microscopy. A small fraction of the aggregated vesicles underwent fusion as determined by resonance energy transfer experiments. Vesicle aggregation by PLP, but not the dissociation of the aggregates, was influenced by pH suggesting that electrostatic interactions are important only during cluster formation. Cleavage of disulfide bonds and methylation of carboxyl groups in PLP greatly reduced the aggregating activity, indicating that the process is dependent on the protein's conformation. Unexpectedly, the proteolipid DM-20 was also effective at inducing the clustering of neutral lipid vesicles. In contrast, three protein fractions comprising the naturally-occurring PLP fragments 1-107/112, 113/125-276 and 129/131-276, bearing different net charges, displayed a much lower activity. In addition, trypsin digestion of PLP resulted in a progressive decrease in the protein's ability to induce vesicle aggregation which coincided with the disappearance of the full-length molecule. Together, these results suggest that even large PLP fragments cannot fulfill the adhesive function of the intact protein.
Effects of Different Heat Treatments during Processing on Nutrient Digestibility of Soybean Meal in Growing Swine

Four soybean meals (SBM) were prepared in a commercial solvent-extraction plant to give a much wider range in heat treatment than is usually found among commercially available SBM. The meals were designated in ascending order of heat treatment as Under, Normal, Over and Rumen Escape. The Normal meal was processed using standard operating conditions. The Under meal received less heat treatment by reducing the steam pressure and retention time in the desolventizer-toaster. Over and Rumen Escape meals received further heat treatment in an additional four-compartment toaster. The Over meal received less heat treatment than the Rumen Escape meal by reducing steam pressure and retention time in both toasters. Crude protein content was similar for the four meals, but lysine tended to decrease with increasing heat treatment. In general, urease activity, trypsin inhibitor, protein dispersibility index and nitrogen solubility index decreased with increasing heat treatment. The +a Hunterlab color values increased as heat treatment increased. Apparent ileal digestibility of N and amino acids were similar for all meals (P greater than .05); however lysine digestibility for the Rumen Escape meal was 3.3 percentage units lower than the average of the lesser-heated meals. Energy digestibilities and nitrogen balance data were also similar (P greater than .05) for the four meals, but the apparent biological value of the Rumen Escape meal was 4.5 percentage units lower than the average of the other meals. There were no differences in nutritional value among the Under, Normal and Over meals, which represent the range in heat treatment usually found among SBM. The Rumen Escape meal, which received more severe heat treatment, tended to have lower nutritional value than the lesser-heated meals.
PLH approximations of homeomorphisms, for regular neighborhoods of linear graphs in R 3

Theorem 1. Let K be a finite connected 1-dimensional polyhedron in R 3, such that K has no end-points. Let U be an open set containing K, and let h be a homeomorphism U →R 3. Let e be a positive number. Then there is a regular neighborhood N of K, lying in U, and a PL homeomorphism $$f:\,N \leftrightarrow X \subset {R^3},$$ such that (1) X is a neighborhood of K’ = h(K) and (2) f is an e- approximation of h|N.
Chemically vapor deposited polymer nanolayers for rapid and controlled permeation of molecules and ions

Controlling the permeation of molecules and ions enables numerous technologies, including sensing, actuation, membrane separations, controlled drug release, and electrochemical energy storage. Rapid transport requires using ultrathin layers. Selective and switchable permeation entails the precise design of film architecture at the molecular level. Additionally, the permeation control layers must conform to the micro- and nanostructured topologies utilized to increase the surface area for permeation. This work will review the utility of highly conformal chemical vapor deposited (CVD) polymer nanolayers for permeation control. Using CVD polymerization couples the versatility of organic chemistry with the high-purity and systematic process control of all-dry vacuum processing. The full retention of organic functional groups by polymerization is essential for the fabrication of smart layers capable of switching permeation behavior in response to variations in light, pH, or temperature. Additionally, precise mechanistic control over chain formation and morphology is also essential for engineering the ionic conduction of vapor deposited polymer nanolayers.Controlling the permeation of molecules and ions enables numerous technologies, including sensing, actuation, membrane separations, controlled drug release, and electrochemical energy storage. Rapid transport requires using ultrathin layers. Selective and switchable permeation entails the precise design of film architecture at the molecular level. Additionally, the permeation control layers must conform to the micro- and nanostructured topologies utilized to increase the surface area for permeation. This work will review the utility of highly conformal chemical vapor deposited (CVD) polymer nanolayers for permeation control. Using CVD polymerization couples the versatility of organic chemistry with the high-purity and systematic process control of all-dry vacuum processing. The full retention of organic functional groups by polymerization is essential for the fabrication of smart layers capable of switching permeation behavior in response to variations in light, pH, or temperature. Additionally, precise m...
Japanese Female Entrepreneurs: Women in Kyoto Businesses in Tokugawa Japan

Using the population surveys of 30 neighbourhoods in Kyoto, Japan, between 1786 and 1869, together with other qualitative primary documents, this chapter argues that women in Kyoto were integral to the success and long-term continuity of a family business. Employed as skilled artisans and overseeing apprentices, women were expected to troubleshoot and fill in with any task needed to maintain a business. An important intergenerational role of women in business was to oversee the inheritance and succession process, and they played pivotal roles in connecting and developing business networks. The analysis includes women’s activities within a business and women as business owners or branch managers. The chapter also discusses property ownership and decisions regarding who was listed as head of household and business.
Parallel Query Service for Object-centric Data Management Systems

While large-scale scientific experiments and simulations produce massive amounts of data, a small fraction of data contains useful information. Efficient querying on such volume of data to extract that information increases the productivity of the scientific discovery process. Although querying has been explored extensively in relational databases, research and adoption of querying tools for scientific data that is stored in parallel file systems on high performance computing (HPC) systems are still in infancy. In this paper, we introduce a parallel query service, called PDC-Query, for an object data management systems (ODMS) on HPC systems. It operates on partitioned objects in parallel, and provides several optimization strategies for fast query evaluation. The ODMS paradigm for HPC systems is promising in reducing the burden on users in data management and in moving data transparently across the deep memory hierarchy in modern HPC systems. We propose a `global histogram' based approach to accelerate query evaluation, through selectivity estimation and reducing the amount of data that needs to be loaded from storage and processed. We compare querying performance and demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of different approaches PDC-Query supports, including using global histograms, bitmap indexes, sorting, and full scan, in performing various queries on top of a plasma physics dataset with 125 billion particles and an astronomy dataset with 25 million objects.
David Oliver: The roads not taken in our covid response.

Stephen Sondheim’s song “The Road You Didn’t Take” includes the line, “ You take one road, you try one door, there isn’t time for any more, one life consists of either/or .” The character who sings it is trying to kid himself that he has no regrets about his past choices and can brush them off, while in truth they’ve come to haunt him. I can’t imagine that any key decision makers in our health system can sleep easy right now about the paths already picked or the choices still facing them. And, unlike the choices of Sondheim’s protagonist, they affect millions of lives. In the 10 months since the first proven …
Accounting for Gene Flow from Unsampled `Ghost' Populations while Estimating Evolutionary History under the Isolation with Migration Model

Unsampled or extinct 9ghost9 populations leave signatures on the genomes of individuals from extant, sampled populations, especially if they have exchanged genes with them over evolutionary time. This gene flow from `ghost9 populations can introduce biases when estimating evolutionary history from genomic data, often leading to data misinterpretation and ambiguous results. Here we assess these biases while accounting, or not accounting for gene flow from 9ghost9 populations under the Isolation with Migration (IM) model. We perform extensive simulations under five scenarios with no gene flow (Scenario A), to extensive gene flow to- and from- an unsampled 9ghost9 population (Scenarios B, C, D, and E). Estimates of evolutionary history across all scenarios A-E (effective population sizes, divergence times, and migration rates) indicate consistent a) under-estimation of divergence times between sampled populations, (b) over-estimation of effective population sizes of sampled populations, and (c) under-estimation of migration rates between sampled populations, with increased gene flow from the unsampled 9ghost9 population. Without accounting for an unsampled 9ghost9, summary statistics like Fst are under-estimated, and π is over-estimated with increased gene flow from the 9ghost9. To show this persistent issue in empirical data, we use a 355 locus dataset from African Hunter-Gatherer populations and discuss similar biases in estimating evolutionary history while not accounting for unsampled 9ghosts9. Considering the large effects of gene flow from these 9ghosts9, we propose a multi-pronged approach to account for the presence of unsampled 9ghost9 populations in population genomics studies to reduce erroneous inferences.
The Multiracial Epiphany

In the collective memory of the United States, mixed race did not exist until 1967. By legally recognizing interracial marriage, Loving v. Virginia1 established a new context for racial possibilities in the United States. In addition to allowing marriage across the color line, Loving required states to give legal credence to interracial sex and romance. In theory, Loving, as a juridical approval of race mixing, heralded the development of a racially nuanced and complex America. This decriminalization shifted the legal discourse of miscegenation from illicit to legitimate, beginning with the status of the mixed race offspring. For the children of Loving, legal obstacles to interracial kinship have become a thing of the past. Praise of Loving as a transformative decision for civil liberties and family formation limits itself to a post-1967 epiphanic moment that heralds the arrival of a new multiracial United States. Professor Jim Chen notes that “[i]ntermarriage and its handmaiden, interbreeding, are running riot in America.”2 From another angle, Deborah Ramirez declares that “the number of biracial babies is increasing at a faster rate than the number of monoracial babies.”3 The mass media has expressed wonder at the “biracial baby boom,”4 and, presently, open declarations of mixed parentage are
In-depth experimental investigations of low-tension gas technique with methane and live oil in high salinity and high temperature sandstone reservoirs

Abstract Low-Tension gas (LTG), as an emerging technique, attempts to synergize oil desaturation by microemulsion and mobility control via foam, which is an ideal alternative wherever other tertiary recovery techniques are technically limited. Previously, high oil recovery was achieved with proposed formula and novel injection strategy under harsh conditions (190,000 ppm, 85 °C) [53] with N2 and dead oil, which were robust to wide reservoir scenes (0.5 ft/d, 7 md) [54] . Here, more practical field scenarios are examined with methane and live oil for the first time facilitated by auxiliary tests of bulk foam stability, microemulsion viscosities and surfactant retention. Microemulsion phase behaviors are probed for both N2 and CH4 under reservoir pressure (1200 psi, 85 °C) in sequence to distinguish the impacts of pressure and solution gas. Therewith, pressure drop, effluent salinity and oil recovery are recorded to analyze effects of mobility control, gas type (N2 or CH4) and oil condition (dead or live) through multiple corefloodings stepwise. It is found higher pressure and solubilized methane impose limited impacts on current microemulsion phase behaviors. The developed formula and novel injection strategy satisfy the requirements of mobility control and oil desaturation, through the balance between foam stability and relatively low IFT. The surfactant retention is 0.162 mg/g during LTG process. Neither gas type or oil condition exerts discernible influences indicated by similarly high oil recoveries around 90%. The findings here promote the field implementation of this novel technique for both greenhouse gas utilization and enhanced oil recovery.
Generative Fusions: Integrating Technical and Professional Communication, Disability Studies, and Legal Studies in the Work of Disability Inclusion and Access

Introduction: Building on scholarship and practices in the fields of technical and professional communication (TPC), disability studies (DS), and legal studies (LS), this article calls for a fusion of these fields to help technical and professional communicators (TPCers) negotiate legal understandings of access that recognize it as a complex, social phenomenon. About the case: To demonstrate such fusion's value in interrogating corporate discourse around disability inclusion and access, we examine the public-facing documents in JP Morgan Chase & Company's (JP Morgan) diversity and inclusion initiatives. Situating the case: Prior cases have traced the impacts of ADA law in transforming corporate culture around disability inclusion and access. These cases suggest that although the ADA has made significant progress toward inclusion and access for disabled employees, it has been limited through the influence of normative corporate culture. We thus extend these findings through DS. Methods/approach: We use thematic coding to analyze a sampling of JP Morgan's disability and inclusion documents to better understand their contributions to disability discourse. Results/discussion: We identify tensions across four discursive expressions, which we recognize both as opportunity spaces for TPCer intervention and as justification for integrating TPC, DS, and LS. We then offer guidelines for more equitable documentation practices. Conclusions: Through the fusion of TPC, DS, and LS, TPCers may engage more nuanced understandings of disability and access that support the dynamic and relational nature of each.
Life-Style Factors Behind Modal Choice

Conventional modal-split models used by transportation planners and engineers have been based on socioeconomic indices and relative travel time and cost characteristics for the alternative modes of travel. Further refinement of these models to include the particular needs of autoless groups such as the poor and elderly include sociocultural factors. This paper describes how life style can affect modal choice and uses the behavior of young inner-city residents to focus attention to the potential contribution of this factor. A dimension for ordering life styles has been found useful in community studies. This dimension orders life styles between extremes of mainstreamer and activity seeker. It is hypothesized that the former life style would be more compatible with using public transit than the latter.
Repulsive Self-Adaptive Acceleration Particle Swarm Optimization Approach

Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) variants have become popular in recent years. The main idea of these adaptive PSO variants is that they adaptively change their search behavior during the optimization process based on information gathered during the run. Adaptive PSO variants have shown to be able to solve a wide range of difficult optimization problems efficiently and effectively. In this paper we propose a Repulsive Selfadaptive Acceleration PSO (RSAPSO) variant that adaptively optimizes the velocity weights of every particle at every iteration. The velocity weights include the acceleration constants as well as the inertia weight that are responsible for the balance between exploration and exploitation. Our proposed RSAPSO variant optimizes the velocity weights that are then used to search for the optimal solution of the problem (e.g., benchmark function). We compare RSAPSO to four known adaptive PSO variants (decreasing weight PSO, time-varying acceleration coefficients PSO, guaranteed convergence PSO, and attractive and repulsive PSO) on twenty benchmark problems. The results show that RSAPSO achives better results compared to the known PSO variants on difficult optimization problems that require large numbers of function evaluations.
Physiological, biochemical and sensory characterization of the response to waxing and storage of two mandarin varieties differing in postharvest ethanol accumulation

Abstract A loss of flavor quality often occurs with some varieties of mandarins ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) following waxing and storage. This is thought to be due to the synthesis of ethyl esters which is stimulated by an accumulation of ethanol in the fruit as a result of anaerobic metabolism. The goal of this study was to determine the importance of postharvest ethyl ester accumulation to mandarin flavor in two important commercial mandarin varieties that differ in ethanol accumulation patterns. This study also aimed to enhance knowledge regarding the importance of ethanol accumulation to ethyl ester synthesis and overall flavor. In order to do this, comparisons were made between ‘Pixie’ (P) and ‘Gold Nugget’ (GN), mandarins that were previously identified as accumulating high and low amounts of ethanol, respectively, after waxing. In three of four harvests (H) at two different locations, P accumulated much higher concentrations of ethanol than GN after waxing and storage for 3 weeks at 5 °C and 1 week at 20 °C. Sensory panel analysis indicated that off-flavor development during storage was more pronounced in P than GN as were declines in overall acceptability. Flavor in fruit from Ojai, California (H4) was less negatively impacted by storage than fruit from the San Joaquin Valley of California (H1, H2, H3), for both varieties. Consistent with prior research, alcohols, esters and aldehydes were greatly altered in amount as a result of waxing and storage, with ethanol and the ethyl esters being the most prominent compounds, although ethyl ester concentration did not consistently relate to the amount of ethanol present. In H1 P had higher ethanol following storage than GN and correspondingly higher ethyl esters, while in H2 and H3 GN had significantly higher ethyl ester concentrations than P but did not have higher ethanol. Fruit from H4 had similar volatile concentrations between the varieties but ethanol was higher in P than GN. Internal oxygen concentrations in Pixie after waxing were lower than those in GN and likely were largely responsible for the greater ethanol accumulation observed in P. Following storage P tended to have higher pyruvate concentration and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, while differences in pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activity were not consistent across harvests. Although the impact of waxing and storage on flavor was more negative for P than GN, the cause of this could not be simply ascribed to the greater tendency of P than GN to produce ethanol that in turn led to greater ethyl ester accumulation.
Implementing an automated shelflist for a selective depository collection: Implications for collection management and public access

Abstract This article describes a prototype automated shelflist presently containing about one thousand records. The planning and theory behind the decision to develop the system out of readily available commercial software are discussed as are modes of use and their relation to collection development, collection management, and public access. Attention is given, as well, to help assure the evolution of the best system possible for the needs of a selective depository.
A hold-up time extending method for asymmetrical half-bridge converter

For asymmetric half-bridge converters, one of drawbacks is pretty narrow input voltage range, whose reasons are a leakage inductance for ZVS, its switches configuration and a blocking capacitor for clamping power switches with the input voltage. Therefore a hold-up time is more quite restricted for others. In this paper, it will be analyzed for a voltage conversion ratio of the converter. And a way to extend hold-up time for the converter will be shown. Finally, an asymmetrical half-bridge converter will be tested with 24V / 8A of output specification to verify the way.
Fractal clusters and scaling in the Ising model

Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model in two and three dimensions show that the clusters of spins are fractals, and that the distribution for large size clusters satisfies scaling properties. The scaling exponents for this distribution function, the surface exponent and the fractal dimension of the clusters are related to the critical exponents of the Ising model.
A major solar eruptive event in July 2012: Defining extreme space weather scenarios

A key goal for space weather studies is to define severe and extreme conditions that might plausibly afflict human technology. On 23 July 2012, solar active region 1520 (approx. 141 deg W heliographic longitude) gave rise to a powerful coronal mass ejection (CME) with an initial speed that was determined to be 2500+/-500 km/s. The eruption was directed away from Earth toward 125 deg W longitude. STEREO-A sensors detected the CME arrival only about 19 h later and made in situ measurements of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field. In this paper, we address the question of what would have happened if this powerful interplanetary event had been Earthward directed. Using a well-proven geomagnetic storm forecast model, we find that the 23-24 July event would certainly have produced a geomagnetic storm that was comparable to the largest events of the twentieth century (Dst approx. - 500 nT). Using plausible assumptions about seasonal and time-of-day orientation of the Earth's magnetic dipole, the most extreme modeled value of storm-time disturbance would have been Dst= - 1182 nT. This is considerably larger than estimates for the famous Carrington storm of 1859. This finding has far reaching implications because it demonstrates that extreme space weather conditions such as those during March of 1989 or September of 1859 can happen even during a modest solar activity cycle such as the one presently underway. We argue that this extreme event should immediately be employed by the space weather community to model severe space weather effects on technological systems such as the electric power grid.
Relationships Between Health Behaviors and Weight Status in American Indian and White Rural Children

Purpose Preventing obesity in childhood is an increasingly important public health goal. Prevention efforts can be improved by better understanding relationships between health behaviors and overweight and obesity. This study examined such relationships in young American Indian and white children living in the rural United States. Methods Self-report measures of diet, screen time (passive and active), and physical activity were combined with cardiovascular fitness in cross-sectional analyses to predict weight categories based on body mass index percentiles in 306 American Indian and white children (aged 8-9 years) from a rural area in the upper Midwestern United States. Findings Multinomial logistic regression models were statistically significant for girls (χ2[20] = 42.73, P < .01), boys (χ2[20] = 50.44, P < .001), American Indian (χ2[20] = 36.67, P < .05), and white children (χ2[20] = 55.99, P < .001). Obesity was associated with poorer cardiovascular fitness in girls (OR = 0.82), boys (OR = 0.83), American Indian (OR = 0.79), and white children (OR = 0.85), and with passive screen time in girls (OR = 1.69), boys (OR = 2.1), and white children (OR = 1.81). Overweight was associated with passive screen time (OR = 2.24) and inversely with active screen time (OR = 0.54), but only in boys. Conclusions Logistic regression models were more successful at predicting obesity than overweight in all groups of participants. Poorer cardiovascular fitness showed the strongest and most consistent association with obesity, but passive screen time was also a significant and important contributor to the prediction of obesity in most prediction models. Prediction models were similar in girls, boys, American Indian, and white children.
An Improved Extraction Procedure for the Determination of Triglycerides and Cholesterol in Plasma or Serum

A simple method of preparing extracts of plasma or serum suitable for determination of both triglycerides and cholesterol is described. Its chief advantage over present procedures is in a considerable saving of time and labor involved in the preparation of large numbers of samples. The method appears to give a more complete extraction of glycerides and compares favorably with existing methods of extracting cholesterol.
Containment of explosions in cylindrical shells

Abstract An experimental and theoretical investigation of the high explosive containment ability of circular cylindrical shells is presented. Approximate expressions for final circumferential strain or radial displacement as a function of cylinder length are developed in terms of elementary functions, based upon an assumed rigid-plastic material relation for the containment vessel. The material relation includes strain hardening and approximate strain-rate sensitivity. The expressions are presented in a form convenient for containment design purposes and are shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental results for several container materials and radius-to-thickness ratios.
Identification of Arabidopsis MYB56 as a Novel Substrate for CRL3BPM E3 Ligases

Controlled stability of proteins is a highly efficient mechanism to direct diverse processes in living cells. A key regulatory system for protein stability is given by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which uses E3 ligases to mark specific proteins for degradation. In this work, MYB56 is identified as a novel target of a CULLIN3 (CUL3)-based E3 ligase. Its stability depends on the presence of MATH-BTB/POZ (BPM) proteins, which function as substrate adaptors to the E3 ligase. Genetic studies have indicated that MYB56 is a negative regulator of flowering, while BPMs positively affect this developmental program. The interaction between BPMs and MYB56 occurs at the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a key regulator in initiating flowering in Arabidopsis, and results in instability of MYB56. Overall the work establishes MYB transcription factors as substrates of BPM proteins, and provides novel information on components that participate in controlling flowering time in plants.
Multitasking of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor: beyond cardiovascular diseases.

Statins can profoundly affect cellular metabolism by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for cholesterol synthesis. Many physicians prescribe statins to lower plasma cholesterol levels, which has beneficial effects in both the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. However, in vitro, in vivo, animal, and clinical studies have all shown that statins may also have important pleiotropic properties. In fact, a number of clinical studies have suggested that statins are involved in modulating diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, and dementia (including Alzheimer’s disease). However, because these studies have been only preliminary and observational in nature, large randomized, placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm the modulatory role of statins in these important diseases.
Cerebral oxygen saturation changes during modified ultrafiltration

Background: A number of adverse effects are associated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Pulmonary compliance and gas exchange are decreased, and myocardial edema may result in diastolic dysfunction. Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) after CPB in children decreases body water, removes inflammatory mediators, improves hemodynamics, and decreases transfusion requirements.Purpose: To determine the factors that influence cerebral tissue oxygenation during MUF. Pediatric patients received the usual treatment, with MUF times from 10 to 19 min, as determined by circuit volume and patient hemodynamic stability.Results: Preliminary results in five patients with arterial saturation >95% during MUF demonstrates four predictors of cerebral oxygenation, using stepwise multiple linear regression with cerebral oxygen saturation as the dependant variable. In order of significance, they are pCO2, ultrafiltration flow rate, mean arterial pressure, and hematocrit.Con...
Reduction in the Size of a Uterine Leiomyoma following Discontinuation of an Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptive

The effects of estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives on the volume of uterine leiomyomata is not well characterized. In this case report, a 45-year-old woman with a symptomatic uterine leiomyoma was observed to have a 47% reduction in myoma volume after discontinuation of an oral contraceptive. The volume of uterine leiomyomata may be influenced by oral contraceptives.
Focal points and support functions in affine differential geometry

The notions of focal point and support function are considered for a nondegenerate hypersurfaceMn in affine spaceRn+1 equipped with an equiaffine transversal field. IfMn is locally strictly convex, these two concepts are related via an Index theorem concerning the critical points of the support functions onMn. This is used to obtain characterizations of spheres and ellipsoids in terms of the critical point behavior of certain classes of affine support functions.