cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commentary on ‘Democracy and worker representation in the management of change: Lessons from Kurt Lewin and the Harwood Studies’:

This brief commentary highlights the importance of three key points in Desmond and Wilson’s (2018) critique of Coch and French’s (1948) study of resistance to change: (1) researchers need to make e...
Challenging Lusofonia: Transnationality, Translationality, and Appropriation in Tulio Carella’s Orgía/Orgia and Hermilo Borba Filho's Deus no pasto

During his 1960-61 stint as theater professor in Recife, Argentinian playwright and critic Tulio Carella (1912-1979) kept a diary that disappeared during Argentina’s Dirty War. Before its disappearance, Carella’s colleague and friend Hermilo Borba Filho (1917-1976) translated the text into Portuguese and published it in Brazil as Orgia (1968). Four years later, Hermilo inserted much of his translation of Carella's text into his own novel, Deus no pasto. This unusual translation flow highlights issues such as the displacement of the original, the validity of adaptive transformation, and the challenging of normative fonias. I explore the transnationality of Carella's diary, asking whether a text extant only in Portuguese can form part of the Hispanophone canon and whether a text not originally written in Portuguese can be considered part of the Lusophone canon.
The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History

This handbook contains thirty-four essays, of around ten to twelve pages each, that vary in style and format. Some are largely historiographical, handbook-ish guides to a subfield. Richard Bailey’s...
Measurement of Net Rate Constants from Enzyme Progress Curves without Curve Fitting

A method is described whereby net rate constants can be directly inferred from the progress curves of enzyme intermediates without the need for model specification, numerical analysis, curve fitting, or the steady-state approximation. Specifically, if an enzyme intermediate in an ultimately irreversible serial subsequence is perturbed from and returns back to its equilibrium state as the substrate is consumed, then its net rate constant is given by the ratio of the total substrate consumed and the area under the progress curve for the enzyme intermediate. A rigorous analysis demonstrates this result to hold independent of the complete enzymatic reaction in which the subsequence is embedded, making it broadly applicable to a very wide range of kinetic mechanisms, including those complicated by inhibition. As a theoretical consequence, it is shown that traditionally steady-state parameters such as kcat, kcat/KM, and net rate constants can be expressed as limiting ratios of averages without requiring the steady-state hypothesis. Finally, a mock data set is generated for a system of contemporary interest that can serve as both an example of how the methodology would be used in practice and a proof of concept.
Community-Based Perinatal Palliative Care

If community-based pediatric palliative care is in its infancy, then community-based perinatal palliative care is still in the womb. Over the past 10–15 years, there has been an explosion of home-based pediatric palliative care programs, some as an adjunct to hospital-based programs, some as a component of larger adult hospice and palliative care programs, and some as free-standing pediatric programs. Similarly, perinatal palliative care (PPC) has more recently experienced rapid growth (as this book attests to), and hospital-based programs in perinatal palliative care have now become an integral part of many pediatric palliative care programs. Although community-based perinatal programs exist, little is written on “who” they are and what exactly they do. In this chapter, we will define just what community-based PPC is, how it is distinct from hospital-based PPC, and what it can bring to families with fetuses in peril. We will illustrate this highlighting data and real-life stories based on our own experience through CompassionNet, an Upstate New York community-based PPC program.
The Resolution of Systemically Important Financial Institutions: Lessons from Fannie and Freddie

There was perhaps no issue of greater importance to the financial regulatory reforms of 2010 than the resolution, without taxpayer assistance, of large financial institutions. The rescue of firms such as AIG shocked the public conscience and provided the political force behind the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act. Such is reflected in the fact that Titles I and II of Dodd-Frank relate to the identification and resolution of large financial entities. How the tools established in Titles I and II are implemented are paramount to the success of Dodd-Frank. This paper attempts to gauge the likely success of these tools via the lens of similar tools created for the resolution of the housing government sponsored enterprises (GSEs), Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. An additional purpose of this paper is to provide some additional “legislative history” to the resolution mechanisms contained in the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA), which established a resolution framework for the GSEs similar to that ultimately created in Title II of Dodd-Frank. The intent is to inform current debates over the resolution of systemically important financial institutions by revisiting how such issues were debated and agreed upon in HERA.
Prehistoric Maritime Adaptations: Some New Perspectives

(1982). Prehistoric Maritime Adaptations: Some New Perspectives. Australian Archaeology: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 97-99.
A percepção da injúria racial pelo tratamento dado às vítimas e aos seus estigmas: busca da igualdade social e racial por meio da mediação penal como prática de justiça restaurativa

A presente pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a percepcao da Injuria Racial pelo tratamento dado as vitimas e aos seus estigmas pelos profissionais envolvidos no seu atendimento ate sua possivel chegada ao Programa Mediar. O objetivo geral dessa proposta e estudar a possibilidade da Mediacao Penal, como pratica de Justica Restaurativa, de satisfazer de forma diferenciada e efetiva as necessidades de uma vitima de Injuria racial, ou seja, de satisfazer o negro(a) enquanto integrante de uma sociedade complexa e discriminatoria. Para tanto, utilizando-se da metodologia Analise de Conteudo e da tecnica de Analise Categorial ou Tematica, desenvolvida por Laurence Bardin, partiu-se do seguinte problema: A historica estruturacao dos estigmas na criminologia viabiliza a insercao da Justica Restaurativa no cenario juridico penal brasileiro como solucao do crime de Injuria Racial? Para tal intento, percorreram-se algumas Delegacias de Policia onde funciona o Programa Mediar e se estudou os tratamentos que eram oferecidos aos negros. Para este estudo, baseado em leituras de autores vinculados a problematica etnico racial utilizou-se, durante o campo, de entrevistas que nortearam toda a sistematica do trabalho. Estas viabilizaram o entendimento dos diversos grupos de entrevistados onde se pode traduzir o que realmente as vitimas de Injuria Racial necessitavam e, de que forma o sentimento subjetivo produzido pela Injuria e percebido ou nao pelos operadores do direito, envolvidos na solucao desse tipo de controversia. Desta forma, o estudo relaciona os diversos estigmas ligados ao crime de Injuria racial a conceitos como intolerância, discriminacao racial, pessoa desacreditada, entre outros, sob a otica da linha interacionista simbolica, que tem como marco teorico as ideias de Erving Goffman sobre estigma. Coloca em evidencia o tratamento dado aos estigmas suplantados por uma vitima de Injuria racial, na Justica Restaurativa, em relacao ao tradicional tratamento oferecido pela Justica Retributiva que a muito vem sofrendo contestacoes.
North American Clovis Point Form and Performance: An Experimental Assessment of Penetration Depth

In Late Pleistocene North America colonizing hunter-gatherers knapped and used Clovis fluted projectile points. During their expansion the size and shape of Clovis points changed significantly. Arc...
Unusual predominance of maintenance DNA methylation in Spirodela polyrhiza

5-methylcytosine (5mC) is a modified base often described as necessary for the proper regulation of genes and transposons and for the maintenance of genome integrity in plants. However, the extent of this dogma is limited by the current phylogenetic sampling of land plant species diversity. Here, we report that a monocot plant, Spirodela polyrhiza, has lost CG gene body methylation, genome-wide CHH methylation, and the presence or expression of several genes in the highly conserved RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. It has also lost the CHH methyltransferase CHROMOMETHYLASE 2. Consequently, the transcriptome is depleted of 24-nucleotide, heterochromatic, small interfering RNAs that act as guides for the deposition of 5mC to RdDM-targeted loci in all other currently sampled angiosperm genomes. Although the genome displays low levels of genome-wide 5mC primarily at LTR retrotransposons, CG maintenance methylation is still functional. In contrast, CHG methylation is weakly maintained even though H3K9me2 is present at loci dispersed throughout the euchromatin and highly enriched at regions likely demarcating pericentromeric regions. Collectively, these results illustrate that S. polyrhiza is maintaining CG and CHG methylation mostly at repeats in the absence of small RNAs. S. polyrhiza reproduces rapidly through clonal propagation in aquatic environments, which we hypothesize may enable low levels of maintenance methylation to persist in large populations.
Second Circuit to Hear Case on Sexual Orientation Discrimination

This article opines why Title VII's prohibition on discrimination because of sex includes a prohibition on discrimination because of sexual orientation.
Perception, reality, and the adoption of business analytics: Evidence from North American professional sport organizations

Abstract It is well known that professional sports teams have made extensive use of analytics to improve their on-field performance. However, it is not as apparent that these same organizations use analytics to improve performance on the “business” side. The North American professional sports industry is unique in that the teams operate as legal monopolies/duopolies, with very few cities having more than one major-league team in a particular sport. Thus, our intent is to explore the adoption and assessment of business analytics in professional sports organizations. An empirical analysis is conducted concerning management’s perception of the effects of business analytics as well as the actual change in financial performance since the adoption of analytics by the organizations.
Product Innovation: Design and Development (Phase 4)

Introduction This chapter discusses the conversion of the conceptual level into an operational reality during the Design and Development Phase of the new-product development (NPD) process. It bridges the chasm between intended functions, features, and benefits from the market perspective with the physical and psychological aspects of the new-product architecture. Product design is the process of defining and creating the product attributes necessary for meeting customer and stakeholder expectations. Design and development include the full package of the requirements to commercialize the new product, including technical design, marketing, production, and financial implications. The Design and Development Phase translates customer needs and the intentions of the concept into design specifications and technical instruments to create a producible and marketable product. It involves the concurrent development of the product architecture with marketing, production, and financial functional programs. The Design and Development Phase includes the following essential elements and learning objectives: Positioning the new product in the light of market realities and building flexibility into the process. Reaffirming the proper product attributes and understanding the functions and benefits from the perspective of customer and stakeholder needs and wants. Ascertaining the critical driving forces pertaining to customers, stakeholders, supply networks, related industries, the infrastructure, and competitors. Building an effective and integrated design process that leads to successful commercialization. Choosing the right marketing programs for the introduction of the product. Selecting the best means for producing and delivering the product to the market. Managing the financial implications to ensure that the product is and remains viable. The Design and Development Phase, therefore, includes designing the product, selecting the marketing programs, determining the production and delivery methods, and understanding the financial implications.
Planarization of Graphs Embedded on Surfaces

A planarizing set of a graph is a set of edges or vertices whose removal leaves a planar graph. It is shown that, if G is an n-vertex graph of maximum degree d and orientable genus g, then there exists a planarizing set of O(√dgn) edges. This result is tight within a constant factor. Similar results are obtained for planarizing vertex sets and for graphs embedded on nonorientable surfaces. Planarizing edge and vertex sets can be found in O(n+g) time, if an embedding of G on a surface of genus g is given. We also construct an approximation algorithm that finds an O(√gn log g) planarizing vertex set of G in O(n log g) time if no genus-g embedding is given as an input.
A comparison between autograft alone, bone cement, and demineralized bone matrix in cranioplasty.

Objectives To compare bone autograft, bone cement, and demineralized bone matrix in functional and aesthetic outcomes and complications following cranioplasty for reconstruction of cranial defects. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent cranioplasty at a single institution between 1992 and 2012. The patients were divided based on whether bone autograft, demineralized bone matrix, or bone cement was used for reconstruction of their craniofacial defect. Demographics and diagnosis data were collected. Complications and cosmetic outcomes were examined for each group. Results There was no significant difference between groups regarding follow-up and age at time of surgery. The bone cement group had a higher infection rate. There was more dehiscence and scalp scarring in the autograft and bone cement groups. However, residual bone defects and the need for a revision cranioplasty were higher in the bone matrix group. Likewise, patient, parent, and surgeon satisfaction with the appearance was lower in the bone matrix group. Conclusions There appears to be a trend toward a lower success rate in patients with fibroblast growth factor receptor-related craniosynostosis and in those reconstructed with bone matrix compared to bone autograft and bone cement. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 125:1322–1327, 2015
Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for biodiesel synthesis: a review

During the past decade, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained tremendous attention in nearly every branch of the chemical and physical sciences as designer (task-driven) and budding ‘green’ solvent alternatives to conventional volatile organics. In particular, with a more in-depth understanding of their physicochemical properties, the active exploration of ILs as alternative solvents and/or catalysts in the chemical or enzymatic (biocatalytic) production of biodiesel has gained momentum. Most excitingly, very recent developments in the science of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have initiated potentially more cost-effective approaches to biodiesel synthesis. At this stage, there is sufficient research completed to provide an important opportunity to stand back and assess the progress in the field, critically examining the strengths and limitations for IL and DES technology in biodiesel synthesis. No such comprehensive evaluation exists. This work, therefore, seeks to bridge this gap by systematically reviewing the reported methods for biodiesel production which make use of ILs, either as (co)solvent components or catalysts, highlighting existing problems and limitations, with an emphasis placed on the future research required to bypass the hurdles to employing ILs in commercial biodiesel production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Thin Metal Films Deposited on Dendrimer Monolayers

Chemical interactions and the evolution of surface morphology resulting from deposition of Cr and Co onto dendrimer monolayers have been investigated by XPS, RAIRS, and AFM. Evidence is presented for formation of metal nitrides and mediation of film morphology as a function of the metal and generation number of the dendrimer comprising the monolayer.
Vulnerability related to oral health in early childhood: a concept analysis

mattheus d.j. (2010) Vulnerability related to oral health in early childhood: concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 2116–2125. Abstract Aim. This article is a report of the analysis of the concept of vulnerability and its relationship to oral health in early childhood. Background. Poor oral health is a continued problem for children worldwide. Vulnerability increases the probability of poor oral health outcomes. The lack of clarity of the concept of vulnerability creates difficulty in understanding this multi-factoral condition. Data sources. Data source included 34 articles covering the period 2000–2009 from a variety of disciplines, including nursing, dentistry, medicine and public health. Methods. The concept analysis was conducted using Rodgers’ evolutionary method. The literature was analysed and a social ecology model was used to frame the discussion, recognizing family and community influences on children’s oral health. Results. The context of oral health in early childhood contributes to the changes in the concept vulnerability. The attributes are closely related to family and community factors and identified as limited parental income, parental education, community-based services and fluoride; and exposure to poor parental habits, parental neglect and harmful toxins. The primary antecedent is identified as a form of limited protection from exposure to various circumstances. Conclusion. Children with limited protection have increased vulnerability and greater probability of poor health outcomes. Nurses who understand the concept of vulnerability related to oral health and can identify factors that create protection and are capable of decreasing vulnerability through parent education, community awareness and policy changes that support children and families.
Unknown: The Extent, Distribution and Trend of Global Income Poverty

The estimates of the extent, distribution and trend of global income poverty provided in the World Bank's World Development Reports for 1990 and 2000/01 are neither meaningful nor reliable. The Bank uses an arbitrary international poverty line unrelated to any clear conception of what poverty is. It employs a misleading and inaccurate measure of purchasing power equivalence that vitiates international and inter-temporal comparisons of income poverty. It extrapolates incorrectly from limited data and thereby creates an appearance of precision that masks the high probable error of its estimates. The systematic distortion introduced by these three flaws likely leads to a large understatement of the extent of global income poverty and to an incorrect inference that it has declined. A new methodology of global poverty assessment is feasible and necessary.
Development of a chronic inhalation reference value for hexamethylenediamine using an exposure model based on the dihydrochloride salt

AbstractThe Texas Commission on Environmental Quality has developed a chronic inhalation Reference Value (ReV) for hexamethylenediamine (HMDA, CAS 124-09-4) based on respiratory effects identified in an animal study. HMDA is used in the fiber and plastics industry as an intermediate in the production of nylon, high-strength resins and polyamide adhesives. As a toxicant, HMDA acts primarily as a respiratory irritant with effects occurring in the upper respiratory tract, although systemic effects have been noted at higher concentrations. ReVs are chemical-specific air concentrations derived to protect human health. Acute and chronic ReVs were developed for HDMA based on an inhalation study conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP), which used the salt of HMDA, hexamethylenediamine dihydrochloride (HDDC, CAS 6055-52-3). For the chronic evaluation, rats and mice were exposed to 0, 1.6, 5, 16, 50 and 160 mg HDDC/m3 for 13 weeks. The critical effect identified for the most sensitive species was hyaline...
Multiple transporters associated with malaria parasite responses to chloroquine and quinine

Mutations and/or overexpression of various transporters are known to confer drug resistance in a variety of organisms. In the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, a homologue of P-glycoprotein, PfMDR1, has been implicated in responses to chloroquine (CQ), quinine (QN) and other drugs, and a putative transporter, PfCRT, was recently demonstrated to be the key molecule in CQ resistance. However, other unknown molecules are probably involved, as different parasite clones carrying the same pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles show a wide range of quantitative responses to CQ and QN. Such molecules may contribute to increasing incidences of QN treatment failure, the molecular basis of which is not understood. To identify additional genes involved in parasite CQ and QN responses, we assayed the in vitro susceptibilities of 97 culture-adapted cloned isolates to CQ and QN and searched for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA encoding 49 putative transporters (total 113 kb) and in 39 housekeeping genes that acted as negative controls. SNPs in 11 of the putative transporter genes, including pfcrt and pfmdr1, showed significant associations with decreased sensitivity to CQ and/or QN in P. falciparum. Significant linkage disequilibria within and between these genes were also detected, suggesting interactions among the transporter genes. This study provides specific leads for better understanding of complex drug resistances in malaria parasites.
LINOLEIC ACID STIMULATION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTE CHEMILUMINESCENCE

Chemiluminescence (CL) is a luminol-dependent property of concanavalin A (con-A) stimulated, nylon wool purified T-lymphocytes. Peak stimulated response (CPM × 10−3 ± standard error) was 90±12, significantly (p<.001) greater than the background emission of 36±1.0. Utilizing linoleic acid (LA, 0.16 M) as both trigger and substrate in this luminol amplified system resulted in a mean peak response of 3327±1219 greater (p<.05)than the background of 41±2 and dramatically increased over the con-A induced response. Distinctive oxidative mechanisms are suggested not only by the nature of the stimulants in the reaction milieu, but altered kinetics (time to peak 2.4 minutes with con-A vs 25 with LA), differential sensitivity to anti-oxidant enzymes, and presence of the lipid peroxidative response alone in chronic granulomatous disease. We further explored lipid peroxidation in T-cells using an exquisitely sensitive luminometer (output range 0.01-10000 mV), eliminating the need for luminol. Peak and total luminescent responses (in mV) were measured in purified suspensions of T-cells and PMN:
Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Dissolved and Colloidal Organic Matter

Abstract An overview of the methods used for the isolation and characterization of organic matter in natural waters is presented. Commonly used techniques for the concentration and isolation of organic matter from water, such as preparative chromatography, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, and the methods used to analyze the organic matter obtained by these methods are reviewed. the development of methods to obtain organic matter that is associated with fractions of the dissolved organic carbon other than humic substances, such as organic bases, hydrophilic organic acids and colloidal organic matter are discussed. Methods specifically used to study dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic phosphorous are also discussed.
Establishing Consistent and Realistic Reorder Intervals in Production-Distribution Systems

The objective of this paper is to present a model and algorithm that can be used to find consistent and realistic reorder intervals for each item in large-scale production-distribution systems. We assume such systems can be represented by directed acyclic graphs. Demand for each end item is assumed to occur at a constant and continuous rate. Production is instantaneous and no backorders are allowed. Both fixed setup costs and echelon holding costs are charged at each stage. We limit our attention to nested and stationary policies. Furthermore, we restrict the reorder interval for each stage to be a power of 2 times a base planning period. The model that results from these assumptions is an integer nonlinear programming problem. The optimal solution can be found using the proposed algorithm, which is a polynomial time algorithm. A real world example is given to illustrate the procedure.
Electrophilic, Ambiphilic, and Nucleophilic C−H Bond Activation: Understanding the Electronic Continuum of C−H Bond Activation Through Transition-State and Reaction Pathway Interaction Energy Decompositions

The potential energy and interaction energy profiles for metal- and metal−ligand-mediated alkane C−H bond activation were explored using B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) and the absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis (ALMO-EDA). The set of complexes explored range from late transition metal group 10 (Pt and Pd) and group 11 (Au) metal centers to group 7−9 (Ir, Rh, Ru, and W) metal centers as well as a group 3 Sc complex. The coordination geometries, electron metal count (d8, d6, d4, and d0), and ligands (N-heterocycles, O-donor, phosphine, and Cp*) are also diverse. Quantitative analysis using ALMO-EDA of both directions of charge-transfer stabilization (occupied to unoccupied orbital stabilization) energies between the metal−ligand fragment and the coordinated C−H bond in the transition state for cleavage of the C−H bond allows classification of C−H activation reactions as electrophilic, ambiphilic, or nucleophilic on the basis of the net direction of charge-transfer en...
Altered metabolism in a Streptococcus lactis C2 mutant deficient in lactic dehydrogenase.

Abstract A spontaneous mutant of Streptococcus lactis C2 which formed abnormally large colonies on agar medium was isolated. The mutant grew as rapidly in broth or milk as the parent culture but was slower in acid production. When grown in complex broth at 32C, the parent culture lowered the pH to 4.8 in 8h whereas the mutant required 15h to produce pH 5.0. Mutant cells consumed 6 times as much oxygen as S. lactis C2 and produced carbon dioxide derived primarily from carbons 3 and 4 of glucose. The mutant was defective in lactic dehydrogenase possessing only .1 units as compared to 138 units for S. lactis C2. This enzymatic defect caused the mutant to produce about 1,000 μ g/ml of Westerfeld positive material when grown in broth. S. lactis C2 produced only trace amounts. Although acetoin was a major metabolic end-product in the mutant, diacetyl was also detected. The results indicate a type of mutation which could be responsible for the spontaneous occurrence of aroma and carbon dioxide producing strains of S. lactis in dairy starter cultures.
Structural Features of Nonionic Polyglycol Polymer Molecules Responsible for the Protective Effect in Sparged Animal Cell Bioreactors

The nonionic surfactant Pluronic F-68 polyol is commonly used to protect cultured animal cells from the detrimental effects of sparging. In this study we investigated the structural features of the Pluronic F-68 molecule responsible for this protective behavior. Poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene) block copolymer polyols of various molecular weights and percentages of hydrophobe (poly(oxypropylene)), including both Pluronic and reverse Pluronic polyols, were considered. The potential toxicity of these agents was examined in the absence of sparging (i.e., in spinner flasks) by using the attachment-independent Sf9 insect cell line as a model system. Each polyol resulted in one of three distinct types of behavior in these spinner flask experiments: (1) cells lysed at an exponential rate, (2) inhibition of cell growth (i.e., no net cell growth), or (3) uninhibited cell growth. It was then shown that all of the Pluronic and reverse Pluronic polyols that did not inhibit cell growth provided protection from sparging in the bioreactors used in this study; thus, finding a polyol that protected cells was synonymous with finding one that did not inhibit cell growth. The ability of these polyols to protect animal cells in sparged bioreactors was found to correlate well with the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Those polyols with the largest HLB values were found to be protective agents. These poly(oxyethylene)-poly(oxypropylene) polyols were also shown to be more effective protective agents than pure poly(oxyethylene); thus, the presence of the hydrophobe (poly(oxypropylene)) is important in their ability to serve as protective agents.
EVALUATING SUBPOPULATION INVARIANCE OF LINKING FUNCTIONS TO DETERMINE THE ANCHOR COMPOSITION FOR A MIXED‐FORMAT TEST

We examined the appropriateness of the anchor composition in a mixed-format test, which includes both multiple-choice (MC) and constructed-response (CR) items, using subpopulation invariance indices. We derived linking functions in the nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) design using two types of anchor sets: (a) MC only and (b) a mix of MC and CR. In each anchor condition, we derived the linking functions separately for males and females and then compared those subpopulation functions to the total group function. In the MC-only condition, the difference between the subpopulation functions and the total group function was not trivial in a score region that included cut scores, leading to inconsistent pass/fail decisions for low-performing examinees in particular. Overall, the mixed anchor was a better choice than the MC-only anchor to achieve subpopulation invariance between males and females. The research reinforces subpopulation invariance indices as a means of determining the adequacy of the anchor.
Long-term outcome of pomalidomide therapy in myelofibrosis.

Ninety-four Mayo Clinic patients with myelofibrosis (MF) participated in two consecutive clinical trials of pomalidomide (0.5–3.5 mg/day), with or without prednisone. Overall anemia response was 27% and increased to 53% in JAK2V617F-positive patients with <10 cm palpable splenomegaly and <5% circulating blasts; response rate was 0% in mutation-negative patients with either ≥10 cm splenomegaly or ≥5% circulating blasts (P = 0.0001). Median duration of anemia response was 16 months. Treatment effect on splenomegaly was negligible. To date, pomalidomide therapy has been discontinued in 86 (91%) patients at a rate of 68% at 1 year and 89% at 2 years. Grade 1 sensory neuropathy developed in 4 (13%) of 30 patients treated for ≥1 year. Risk-adjusted survival in pomalidomide-treated primary MF patients (n = 72) was similar to their counterparts not exposed to the drug (n = 471; P = 0.19). Long-term follow-up of pomalidomide treatment in MF reveals palliative value for a select group of patients and treatment-emergent sensory neuropathy. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal searches for asteroids

Optimal searches for a fixed object are discussed, and the rigorous analytical results of discrete search theory are presented. The totally optimal, the uniformly optimal, the locally optimal, and the fastest searches are shown to be identical under not too restrictive assumptions. The mathematical formalism is illustrated by an Earth-approaching asteroid search and optimal searches for such objects are explicitly constructed. The approximation that Earth-approaching asteroids are fixed is equivalent to having a very high ( equiv 100 sq degs/hour) search rate. Generalizations to other types of astronomical search are briefly mentioned.
Noncooperative AF schemes for wireless mobile networks under jamming environment

Communication between mobile relays has recently gained much attention. In this paper, a novel optimal diagonal relay amplifying matrix based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion is proposed for mobile nodes. It is also designed for noncooperative distributed wireless mobile nodes under both no-jamming and jamming environments. An amplify and forward (AF) strategy is considered. The system under study has one-mobile-source, one mobile-destination and N-relay mobile nodes. System performance for the derived matrix was evaluated using bit error rate (BER). Performance comparisons under both no-jamming and jamming environments were a focus in this study.
Antagonistic Function of the RNA-binding Protein HuR and miR-200b in Post-transcriptional Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Expression and Angiogenesis

HuR, also known as Elavl1, is an RNA-binding protein that regulates embryonic development, progenitor cell survival, and cell stress responses. The role of HuR in angiogenesis is not known. Using a myeloid-specific HuR knock-out mouse model (Elavl1Mo KO), we show that HuR expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) is needed to maintain the expression of genes enriched in AU-rich elements and U-rich elements in the 3′-UTR. In addition, BMDMs from Elavl1Mo KO mice also showed alterations in expression of several miRNAs. Interestingly, computational analysis suggested that miR-200b, which is up-regulated in Elavl1Mo KO BMDMs, interacts with myeloid mRNAs very close to the HuR binding sites, suggesting competitive regulation of gene expression. One such mRNA encodes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a major regulator of angiogenesis. Immunoprecipitation of RNA-protein complexes and luciferase reporter assays indicate that HuR antagonizes the suppressive activity of miR-200b, down-regulates miR-200b expression, and promotes VEGF-A expression. Indeed, Vegf-a and other angiogenic regulatory transcripts were down-regulated in Elavl1Mo KO BMDMs. Interestingly, tumor growth, angiogenesis, vascular sprouting, branching, and permeability were significantly attenuated in Elavl1Mo KO mice, suggesting that HuR-regulated myeloid-derived factors modulate tumor angiogenesis in trans. Zebrafish embryos injected with an elavl1 morpholino oligomer or miR-200b mimic showed angiogenesis defects in the subintestinal vein plexus, and elavl1 mRNA rescued the repressive effect of miR-200b. In addition, miR-200b and HuR morpholino oligomer suppressed the activity of a zVEGF 3′-UTR luciferase reporter construct. Together, these studies reveal an evolutionarily conserved post-transcriptional mechanism involving competitive interactions between HuR and miR-200b that controls angiogenesis. Background: The role of RNA-binding protein HuR in angiogenesis is not known. Results: In macrophages, HuR and miR-200b antagonistically regulate VEGF-A and angiogenesis. Conclusion: Interplay of HuR and miRNAs in the macrophage regulates tumor angiogenesis in the mouse and embryonic vascular development in zebrafish. Significance: HuR modulation of miRNA function highlights the importance of post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanisms in biology and disease.
Some non-braided fusion categories of rank three

We classify all fusion categories for a given set of fusion rules with three simple object types. If a conjecture of Ostrik is true, our classification completes the classification of fusion categories with three simple object types. To facilitate the discussion, we describe a convenient, concrete and useful variation of graphical calculus for fusion categories, discuss pivotality and sphericity in this framework, and give a short and elementary re-proof of the fact that the quadruple dual functor is naturally isomorphic to the identity.
An object code for interactive applied mathematical programming

We can consider interactive applied mathematics programming to be the teaming of a man and a machine to solve some problems in applied mathematics. The solution of the problem may in general consist of steps of operations upon data constructs which initially represented the problem description. The sequence of operations constitutes the program. In interactive programming, the sequence of operations is often performed alternately by the man and the machine, i.e., each member of the team does the part that he or it is good for. The importance of a programming language that can be used conveniently by man and machine alike to address the elements in the problem area is beyond dispute. Conveniences to the man are the naturalness and expressiveness possible in the language, while the convenience to the machine lies in the efficiency with which statements in the language may be interpreted. A programming language is chosen to strike an appropriate balance. This paper explores the machine architecture by describing the design of an object code which forms the internal representation of the elements in the programming language. The design is such that a PL/1 based language which is extended to cope with symbolic and expression manipulation can be implemented efficiently to provide statement incremental compilation and execution in a multiprogramming environment.
Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. Inhibitor studies and mechanistic implications.

Abstract Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.3) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa catalyzes the cleavage of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (protocatechuate) into β-carboxy- cis,cis -muconate. The inhibition constants, K i , of a series of substrate analogues were measured in order to assess the relative importance of the various functional groups on the substrate. Though important for binding, the carboxylate group is not essential for activity. Compounds with para hydroxy groups are better inhibitors than their meta isomers. Our studies of the enzyme inhibitor complexes indicate that the 4-OH group of the substrate binds to the active-site iron. Taken together, Mossbauer, EPR, and kinetic data suggest a mechanism where substrate reaction with oxygen is preceded by metal activation of substrate.
A molten salt process for producing neodymium and neodymium-iron alloys

The production of low-cost neodymium metal in a stirred tank reactor by the reduction of Nd2O3 with sodium in the presence of CaCl2−KCl−NaCl melts by the overall reaction Nd2O3+3CaCl2+6Na→2Nd+3CaO+6NaCl at ∼750 °C is described. The metal produced is recovered from the salt medium by dissolving it in a Nd−Zn or Nd−Fe alloy pool. In the case of Nd−Zn alloy pools, product yields (percentages of theoretical neodymium produced) in excess of 94 pct are obtained when using salt ratios,i.e., the amounts of salt per gram of neodymium produced, ≥3.5 and excess reductant ≥10 pct. The alloy produced is of high quality, and following vacuum distillation of the zinc, can be used in producing General Motors’ MAGNEQUENCH alloy for permanent magnets. In the case of Nd−Fe pools, the yield is also ∼95 pct with a salt ratio as low as 3.5. The yield is found to depend on the salt composition and salt ratio, and to decrease at salt ratios below 3.25. Stirrer position has little effect on yield, while increasing the temperature and placing fins in the reactor increase the yield. The Nd−Fe alloy produced is of as good quality as that produced using Ca reductant and is suitable for direct use in preparing the MAGNEQUENCH alloy.
Resolution, linear filtering, and positivity

Ultimately, the band-limited nature of imaging systems restricts image quality in measured data. However, prior knowledge can be employed to improve image quality beyond that available from measured data. Kinds of prior knowledge include knowledge of the support of the object and knowledge that the object has only positive intensities. In previous work it has been shown that prior knowledge increases image quality by two means: superresolution and improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio in the Fourier domain. However, after prior knowledge is enforced, the resulting filter that multiplies the Fourier data may unduly limit resolution in the constrained image. Here maximum achievable resolutions are derived for one- and two-dimensional filters. In addition, it is shown that requiring a signal to be positive results in lowering its maximum achievable resolution by as much as a factor of 2. As a result, algorithms that use positivity to improve the quality of Fourier-domain data may benefit from a final postprocessing step to increase resolution.
Strain measurements using real time X-ray images

Recent tests have shown that changes in densities within specimens can be seen when X-ray images of the specimen are enhanced and compared. Prism specimens of aluminium and cement mortar were tested in uniaxial compression and simultaneously X-rayed. The grey levels within images taken during loading are compared. Results show that the strains in the specimen can be determined from the change in grey levels.
Left ventricular ejection time by densitometry in patients at rest and during exercise, atrial pacing and atrial fibrillation. Comparison with central aortic pressure measurements.

A comparison of left ventricular ejection time (LVET) measured directly from the central aortic pressure tracing (CAPT) and a densitogram recording was carried out in 39 patients during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The correlation coefficient between the LVET derived from the CAPT and densitogram of 32 patients while at rest was 0.974 with a standard deviation from regression (sdr) of 6.2 msec. Sequential LVETs were analyzed in two patients during atrial pacing, three patients during exercise and three patients with atrial fibrillation. Correlation coefficients were 0.981, 0.951 and 0.974 with sdrs of 5.3, 6.2 and 6.7 msec respectively. Assuming LVET from the CAPT to be error free, the over-all error of estimating LVET by densitogram was less than 5% for over 95% of the measurements. The largest mean difference between CAPT and densitogram derived LVETs was present during atrial pacing and corresponds to an error of less than 2% of the average LVET for the group. We conclude that densitometry is a practical and reliable noninvasive method for LVET measurements in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions.
Is the entropy law relevant to the economics of natural resource scarcity? Comment

Abstract Jeffrey T. Young's critique of the work of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen and Herman E. Daly questions the relevance of the entropy law for economic analysis and provides a concise, faithful summary of the positions of Georgescu-Roegen and Daly. Along the way, however, Young produces an alternative model of natural resource depletion that is based upon questionable interpretations of the laws of thermodynamics. In particular, Young's claim that natural resource economics can be divided into conservation-law orientations and entropy-law orientations and his claim that the entropy law pertains to energy but not to matter seem unsupportable from a scientific view.
Flexure and faulting of sedimentary host rocks during growth of igneous domes, Henry Mountains, Utah

Abstract A sequence of sedimentary rocks about 4 km thick was bent, stretched and uplifted during the growth of three igneous domes in the southern Henry Mountains. Mount Holmes, Mount Ellsworth and Mount Hillers are all about 12 km in diameter, but the amplitudes of their domes are about 1.2, 1.85 and 3.0 km, respectively. These mountains record successive stages in the inflation of near-surface diorite intrusions that are probably laccolithic in origin. The host rocks deformed along networks of outcrop-scale faults, or deformation bands, marked by crushed grains, consolidation of the porous sandstone and small displacements of sedimentary beds. Zones of deformation bands oriented parallel to the beds and formation contacts subdivided the overburden into thin mechanical layers that slipped over one another during doming. Measurements of outcrop-scale fault populations at the three mountains reveal a network of faults that strikes at high angles to sedimentary beds which themselves strike tangentially about the domes. These faults have normal and reverse components of slip that accommodated bending and stretching strains within the strata. An early stage of this deformation is displayed at Mount Holmes, where states of stress computed from three fault samples correlate with the theoretical distribution of stresses resulting from bending of thin, circular, elastic plates. Field observations and analysis of frictional driving stresses acting on horizontal planes above an opening-mode dislocation, as well as the paleostress analysis of faulting, indicate that bedding-plane slip and layer flexure were important components of the early deformation. As the amplitude of doming increased, radial and circumferential stretching of the strata and rotation of the older faults in the steepening limbs of the domes increased the complexity of the fault patterns. Steeply-dipping, map-scale faults with dip-slip displacements indicate a late-stage jostling of major blocks over the central magma chamber. Radial dikes pierced the dome and accommodated some of the circumferential stretching.
Bose system with lennard-jones interaction

The first few terms in a density expansion of the ground-state energy and the excitation spectrum for a system of Bose particles interacting with Lennard-Jones potentiale[(σ/r)n−(σ/r)m] are calculated. Because of calculation difficulties only the cases withm≥4 andn=2(m−1) are considered.
Fibrewise completion and unstable Adams spectral sequences

We describe a tower of spaces whose inverse limit is a “fiberwise completion” of a fibrationE →B, and study the resulting spectral sequence converging to the homotopy groups of the space of lifts of a mapX →B. This is used to give a proof of the “generalized Sullivan conjecture”.
Reduced erythrocyte deformability associated with calcium accumulation.

Abstract Erythrocytes exposed to subhemolytic shear stress in vitro exhibit decreased deformability as determined by a filtration method. Intracellular calcium content of these cells has been measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy and found to be 35 and 55% higher than controls (0.0157 μmol/ml packed red blood cells) after shear stress levels of 100 and 130 N/cm 2 , respectively. These alterations occur without significant changes in ATP level, intracellular magnesium content, cell volume, or morphology, and without large associated sodium and potassium fluxes. Results indicate that calcium may be responsible for or associated with changes in the viscoelastic properties of the red cell membrane caused by sublytic mechanical trauma.
Vision Guided Intelligent Robot Design And Experiments

The concept of an intelligent robot is an important topic combining sensors, manipulators, and artificial intelligence to design a useful machine. Vision systems, tactile sensors, proximity switches and other sensors provide the elements necessary for simple game playing as well as industrial applications. These sensors permit adaption to a changing environment. The AI techniques permit advanced forms of decision making, adaptive responses, and learning while the manipulator provides the ability to perform various tasks. Computer languages such as LISP and OPS5, have been utilized to achieve expert systems approaches in solving real world problems. The purpose of this paper is to describe several examples of visually guided intelligent robots including both stationary and mobile robots. Demonstrations will be presented of a system for constructing and solving a popular peg game, a robot lawn mower, and a box stacking robot. The experience gained from these and other systems provide insight into what may be realistically expected from the next generation of intelligent machines.