cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binge eating, purging, or both: eating disorder psychopathology findings from an internet community survey.

Objective This study aimed to compare bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and purging disorder (PD) on clinically significant variables and examine the utility of once versus twice-weekly diagnostic thresholds for disturbed eating behaviors. Method 234 women with BN, BED, or PD were identified through self-report measures via an online survey and categorized based on either once-weekly or twice-weekly disturbed eating behaviors. Results BN emerged as a more severe disorder than BED and PD. The three groups differed significantly in self-reported restraint and disinhibition and the BN and BED groups reported higher levels of depression than PD. For BN, those engaging in behaviors twice-weekly versus once-weekly were more symptomatic. Discussion The BN, BED, and PD groups differed in clinically meaningful ways. Future research need to clarify the relationship between mood disturbances and eating behaviors. Reducing the twice-weekly behavior threshold for BN would capture individuals with clinically significant eating disorders, though the twice-weekly threshold may provide important information about disorder severity for both BN and BED. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:724–731
Rate Equation Analysis of Q -Modulated Strongly Injection-Locked Whistle-Geometry Ring Lasers

In a monolithically integrated strongly injection-locked whistle-geometry semiconductor ring laser, modulating the photon lifetime or the optical losses in the cavity can lead to higher modulation bandwidth and complete elimination of low-frequency roll-off, which is commonly observed during the current modulation of injection-locked semiconductor lasers. Rate equation analysis is performed to show that modulating the photon-lifetime is significantly more advantageous than the conventional injection-current modulation. Different schemes to achieve photon-lifetime or optical-loss modulation in a strongly injection-locked whistle-geometry ring laser are discussed.
College Achievement of Lower Group Secondary School Students

(1938). College Achievement of Lower Group Secondary School Students. The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 31, No. 7, pp. 497-505.
Characterization of pyrethroid resistance and susceptibility to coumaphos in Mexican Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).

Two patterns of pyrethroid resistance were characterized from Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) collected in Mexico. One was characteristic of a kdr mutation and the other involved esterase and cytochrome P450 enzyme systems. Very high resistance to permethrin, cypermethrin, and flumethrin, not synergized by TPP and PBO and high resistance to DDT, characterized the kdr-like pattern found in the Corrales and San Felipe strains. Esterase and cytochrome P450-dependent resistance was found in the Coatzacoalcos strain. It was characterized by resistance to permethrin, cypermethrin, and flumethrin, synergized by TPP and PBO, but no resistance to DDT. The Coatzacoalcos strain also showed 3.6-fold resistance to the organophosphate coumaphos. This factor appeared to be independent of pyrethroid resistance. Pyrethroid resistance patterns found in Mexico were similar to those found earlier in Australia. The significance of pyrethroid and coumaphos resistance to the U.S. cattle fever tick quarantine is discussed.
EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF CORN EARWORM ON SNAP BEAN, 2009

Plots were established in a commercial snap-bean field located 3 miles southeast of Van Buren, AR. Roma II snap bean had been planted into 30 inch rows on 13 Apr 2002. Plot size was five rows 60-ft long. A single non-treated row separated plots. Experimental design was RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied on 31 May with a bicycle sprayer equipped with 10 TeeJet 80015 nozzles. The sprays were propelled with compressed CO2 at 25 psi and the resulting spray volume was 7.3 gpa. Average pod size at application was 2 inch. Insecticide effectiveness was assessed 7 DAT by randomly selecting a 10-ft length of the center row and counting the number of non-damaged and insect damaged pods within the sampled area. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means were separated with LSD.
Protecting Codling Moths Captured in Sex-Attractant Traps from Predaceous Yellow Jackets ,

Sterile codling moths, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), released in a test orchard, were preyed on by yellow jackets, Vespula sp., at the release stations (White et al. 1969). In early summer 1970, yellow jackets were observed entering sex-attractant traps and removing live moths trapped by the sticky material (Stikem Special®); the yellow jackets were not trapped, because the material was usually not tenacious enough to hold them, though it did make rapid escape difficult and thus made it easier to catch the predator at work. Since this predation interfered with accurate counts of trap catches we needed a way to minimize it. The recently developed yellow jacket attractants and traps offered a particularly promising approach to the problem (Davis et al. 1969).
Hematuria as a Marker of Occult Urinary Tract Cancer: Advice for High-Value Care From the American College of Physicians

Hematuria is frequently encountered in clinical practice and presents as grossly visible blood in the urine or microscopic hematuria noted on urinalysis. This article from the American College of P...
The long-term effects of physical exercises on recurrent convulsion-induced cognitive deficits in developing rats and it′s mechanism

Objective:To explore the long-term effects of physical exercises on penicillin induced recurrent convulsion with learning and memory deficits in developing rats and its mechanism. Method:Fifty-six male SD rats (postnatal days [PD] 21) were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CONT1), control plus exercises group(CONT2), convulsion group(EXP1) and convulsion plus exercises group(EXP2). Twenty rats were assigned for two control groups, each n=10; the surplus 36 rats were kindled by penicillin once per d, consecutive 6d for creating convulsion models. Control rats were injected equal amount of normal sodium(NS) into abdominal cavity at the same time. The 20 qualified models of convulsion rats were randomly divided into two EXP groups. On PD39-PD43 and PD61-PD64, subjects of the four groups were tested with Morris water maze, and from PD49 to PD54, the rats of CONT2 and EXP2 were given exercises of running wheels, twice a d for consecutive 6d. The expression of glutamicacid receptor 2(GluR2) in hippocampus was detected. Result: ①In the first Morris water maze test, there were significant differences of latency among four groups (F= 5.56, P0.01), and the latency of two EXP groups were significantly longer than two CONT groups (P0.05); In the probe trial, the frequency of two EXP groups passing through target area were significantly less than that of two CONT groups. ②In the second water maze test, there were significant effects of exercises on the latency of EXP2 group comparing to EXP1 group (P0.05); the frequency of two EXP groups passing through target area were still significantly less than that of two CONT groups after exercises training (P 0.05),and there was no significant difference between EXP1 and EXP2 groups. ③In the immunohistochemical staining of GluR2, the gray values in hipocampus of two convulsion groups were significantly lower than that of two control groups(P0.05). Conclusion: Penicillin induced recurrent convulsion could cause long-term effects on learning and memory in rats, which may be associated with down-regulated GluR2 expression in hippocampus. Physical exercises could improve learning capacity, of convulsion rats but not memory capacity.
Evaluation of the venous system by Doppler ultrasound and photoplethysmography or light reflection rheography before sclerotherapy

Transmission of high pressure, from deep to superficial venous system of the leg, often causes varicosis of superficial veins. High-pressure transmission frequently occurs through reverse flow or leakage through malfunctioning valves. Therefore, the goal of varicose or telangiectatic vein treatment to stop the leak or reflux at its origin by eliminating vein segments with faulty valves. Noninvasive diagnostic tests such as Doppler ultrasound allow reflux sites to be identified and targeted before treatment. Doppler ultrasound permits assessment of competence of the sapheno-femoral junctions and lesser saphenous-popliteal vein junctions bilaterally and detection of points of reflux through suspected incompetent perforating veins in the thigh, calf, and ankle. Photoplethysmography (PPG), or light reflection rheography (LRR), offers a simple, reproducible technique for physiologic evaluation of the effectiveness of the calf muscle pump and quantification of the degree of venous insufficiency as well as differentiation between superficial and deep venous insufficiency. A combination of Doppler ultrasound and PPG/LRR readily identifies those patients who may derive a medical benefit from treatment of a physiologically abnormal venous system. The presence of reflux by Doppler is indicative of a venous problem that is more than cosmetic. Treatment may consist of sclerotherapy alone or a combination of surgical ligation of an incompetent sapheno-femoral junction followed by sclerotherapy.
The viral oncoproteins Ad5 E1A, HPV16 E7 and SV40 TAg bind a common region of the TBP-associated factor-110

A function shared by the adenovirus E1A, papillomavirus E7 and SV40 TAg oncoproteins is their ability to interfere with normal cell growth by interacting with members of the retinoblastoma protein family. In this study, we show that each of these oncoproteins can also bind to the 921 amino acid TBP-associated factor-110 (TAF-110). The significance of the binding is underscored by the observation that each oncoprotein binds to the same 77 amino acid carboxyl region of TAF-110. In the case of E1A and TAg, this finding is consistent with their abilities to stimulate transcription initiation, in part, through their known interactions with TBP. While it is not clear whether E7 can also activate promoters through protein:protein interactions with components of the transcription initiation complex, our demonstration that E7 can bind to TAF-110, as well as TBP, suggests that E7 may modulate the expression of specific promoters which could contribute to the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus.
Effectiveness of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence.

When used in conjunction with detoxification and psychosocial interventions for treating alcohol dependence, acamprosate can reduce the risk of any return to drinking and improve cumulative abstinence rates.
How to Integrate Elotuzumab and Daratumumab Into Therapy for Multiple Myeloma

Purpose Treatment options and outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma have dramatically improved over the past decade with new agents and drug targets for patients at all stages of disease. Incorporation of newly approved monoclonal antibodies is a clinical challenge because the trials used to gain approval are relatively limited in scope and may be less helpful for patients treated in the United States. This article will review data on the use of elotuzumab and daratumumab and provide a foundation for their use in current clinical practice. Methods We performed a review of current published articles and abstract data from clinical trials as well as data on managing adverse events. Results Single-agent activity was seen when using daratumumab in refractory myeloma, and trials for both elotuzumab and daratumumab have demonstrated significant activity when combined with proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents. Unique antibody-related adverse events and challenges are reviewed and discussed. Conclusion These antibodies already have had and will continue to have a dramatic impact on myeloma treatment. Combination therapy likely represents the best approach for their use, and trials that evaluate optimal timing and duration of therapy are in progress as part of induction, salvage, and maintenance therapy.
Abstract 3919: Inhibition of HER2 and IGF2 in trastuzumab-resistant HER2 positive JIMT1 cells decreases cell growth and reduces activation of MAPK and AKT

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is detected in 20-30% of breast cancers. Increased levels of HER2 are linked to poor prognosis, more aggressive phenotype, and resistance to chemotherapy and hormonal treatment. HER2 is part of a four-member family of cell surface receptors that are implicated in transmission of signals controlling cell growth and differentiation. HER2 has an intracellular domain with tyrosine kinase catalytic activity. Dimerization of HER2 activates the MAPK and AKT pathways. The HER2 receptor also hetero-dimerizes with the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) in trastuzumab-resistant cells. The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has an important role in fetal and cancer development signaling through the IGF1R, insulin receptor (InsR), and a cross-talk with the estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα, ERs). Trastuzumab resistance occurs in 70% of patients with HER2 positive breast cancer. Therefore it is important to understand the mechanism of resistance so we can develop new therapies to help patients with trastuzumab-resistant rumors. Previous findings in our lab demonstrate an increased expression of IGF2 in the trastuzumab-resistant cell line JIMT1 when compared to trastuzumab-sensitive cell lines BT474, SKBR3, and ZR75-30. We hypothesize that to overcome trastuzumab-resistance in JIMT1 cells, dual inhibition of the HER2 and IGF2 is necessary to induce cell death. When JIMT1 cells were treated with trastuzumab and an IGF2 blocking antibody (IBA) a decrease in cell viability was observed, but changes in PARP cleavage were not present. We also analyzed the protein and phosphorylation levels of HER2, IGF1R, MAPK, and AKT. Our studies suggest that blocking both HER2 and IGF2 decreases cell viability and reduces phosphorylation of MAPK and AKT. Citation Format: Xousaen M. Helu, Daisy DeLeon. Inhibition of HER2 and IGF2 in trastuzumab-resistant HER2 positive JIMT1 cells decreases cell growth and reduces activation of MAPK and AKT. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3919. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3919
Flavored e-cigarette liquids reduce proliferation and viability in the CALU3 airway epithelial cell line

E-cigarettes are generally thought of as a safer smoking alternative to traditional cigarettes. However, little is known about the effects of e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids) on the lung. Since over...
Legal Requirements for the Proper Appraisal of Companies: A Substantive Civil-Procedural Concept

The valuation of a company (share), the appraisal of businesses as an object of a legal relationship is a legal act. Therefore, the materially substantial concept of the valuation of companies is shaped by civil procedural law. The valuation process with its contents and methodology as well as the result as a whole is subject to the control of judges, i.e. it is embedded in civil procedure law (civil law). That comprises all three time levels on which the company and its circumstances work in a valuation-relevant way. We will elaborate this here in detail. What is decisive—with the idea of justice under the rule of law—is the imperative of truth directed towards facts: What other measure could there be?
YAP/TAZ and Hedgehog Coordinate Growth and Patterning in Gastrointestinal Mesenchyme

YAP/TAZ are the major mediators of mammalian Hippo signaling; however, their precise function in the gastrointestinal tract remains poorly understood. Here we dissect the distinct roles of YAP/TAZ in endodermal epithelium and mesenchyme and find that, although dispensable for gastrointestinal epithelial development and homeostasis, YAP/TAZ function as the critical molecular switch to coordinate growth and patterning in gut mesenchyme. Our genetic analyses reveal that Lats1/2 kinases suppress expansion of the primitive mesenchymal progenitors, where YAP activation also prevents induction of the smooth muscle lineage through transcriptional repression of Myocardin. During later development, zone-restricted downregulation of YAP/TAZ provides the positional cue and allows smooth muscle cell differentiation induced by Hedgehog signaling. Taken together, our studies identify the mesenchymal requirement of YAP/TAZ in the gastrointestinal tract and highlight the functional interplays between Hippo and Hedgehog signaling underlying temporal and spatial control of tissue growth and specification in developing gut.
Inclusion is not a Slam Dunk: Discrimination in Leadership within the Context of Athletics

Racial bias continues to act as one of the most thought provoking and controversial topics in our society. Even as organizations implement steps and policies to minimize discrimination practices, e...
Effect of a cognitive task and light finger touch on standing balance in healthy adults

The purpose of the study was to investigate the individual and combined effects of applying light finger touch and performing a cognitive task on postural sway. Fourteen healthy young individuals stood on the force platform with light finger touch contact applied to an external stable structure and without finger touch. Both tasks were performed with and without a cognitive task (counting backward from a randomly chosen three-digit number). The center of pressure excursion and velocity as well as sway area were calculated. Participants demonstrated significantly smaller postural sway in the presence of a finger touch contact (p < 0.05), while postural sway was increased during the performance of the cognitive task (p < 0.05). When two tasks were performed simultaneously, body sway increased as compared to standing with light touch only (p < 0.05) and decreased when compared to standing and performing the cognitive task only (p < 0.05). This suggests that a positive effect of finger touch on body sway could be diminished by the simultaneous performance of a cognitive task. The outcome provides a foundation for future studies of the individual and combined effects of light finger touch and cognitive tasks on postural control.
What sexual minority youths want in a program to assist with disclosure to their family.

Disclosing one's sexual orientation to family members can be a difficult process for sexual minority youths (SMY). There are many decisions to make and factors to consider, such as whom to tell fir...
Heterogeneity of the Products of Dissociation of Lumbricus terrestris Hemoglobin at Alkaline pH

The extracellular Hb of the common North American earthworm Lumbricus terrestris is a symmetrical, hexagonal bilayer molecule with an acidic isoelectric point and an iron content of about 2/3 the normal value of 0.33 wt.% (1–5). It has an M r of ca. 3,600 kDa, contains 140–150 heme groups and consists of ca. 180 polypeptide chains divided into two classes: four different ca. 17 kDa, heme-containing chains and at least three chains of ca. 30 kDa (6) which contain little or no heme (7).
Enzyme-Activated Inhibitors of Bacterial D-Amino Acid Transaminase as Antimicrobial Agents

Bacterial D-amino acid transaminase is inactivated by a number of suicide substrates with different modes of action. The efficiency of inactivation (i.e., the partition ratio) varies considerably among the different inactivators studied. Nevertheless, in each case there was inhibition of D-amino acid transaminase and of bacterial growth. Thus, this enzyme is a target enzyme for the design of novel antimicrobial agents.
Effect of starting components on the growth of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3

Abstract Comparison is made between PbMg 1 3 Nb 2 3 O 3 crystals grown via slow-cooling flux growth from melts composed o (flux + PbMg 1 3 Nb 2 3 O 3 ), (flux + PbO MgNb 2 O 6 ), and (flux + oxide) components. Dielectric characterization showed no difference in the ferroelectric transition temperatures for the three different types of crystals. However, the optical transmission spectra showed significant differences between the different growth runs, as did the resulting amount of parasitic pyrochlore phase. It was found that the clearest and most regularly shaped crystals resulted from the (flux + oxide) component growth runs
Social Engineering: Creating and Now Undoing Apartheid’s Structures

Perhaps no other country has experienced as much and as detailed socio-political engineering as apartheid South Africa. The apartheid project impacted people’s lives at every level, always with the goal of creating a set of parallel but grossly unequal spatial realities with almost no meaningful contacts between the population groups. This apartheid era legacy is one of enormous inequalities reflected in landscapes of separate, ethnically determined social worlds filled with despair for non-White South Africans. The bulldozing of two residential districts – South End in Port Elizabeth and Sophiatown in Johannesburg – are used as examples of government policies intent on breaking up mixed-race areas in order to create the “neat” residential areas that were such an integral part of apartheid planning. In the post-apartheid era, planners now have the task of undoing the many legacies created by the racially based system. Since 1994 there has been significant improvement in service delivery and in quality of life conditions for previously disenfranchised South Africans, but most of that change has taken place within already defined residential districts, so that many of the previously racially segregated residential districts remain as rigidly segregated today as they were during apartheid. The persistence of the pattern of racial segregation is seen as an outcome of municipal policies which focuses on service delivery in situ and rather than on the deliberate racial integration of residential areas. It is posited that not implementing policies of social integration could cause difficulties for future national cohesion and development.
Case 43: Large Zone III Open Globe from a Finger Injury While Playing Basketball

A 57-year-old man presented with a zone III open globe injury of the left eye after being struck with an opponent’s finger while playing basketball. He underwent uncomplicated repair of the open globe. B scan ultrasound on the following day revealed a total retinal detachment and suprachoroidal hemorrhage for which he was promptly referred to a vitreoretinal surgeon. Ten days later he underwent retinal detachment repair which involved a vitrectomy with extensive pre- and sub-retinal membrane peeling, a 360° retinectomy and silicone oil tamponade. His retina remained attached and his vision improved over the course of 2 year follow up. This case illustrates the importance of prompt referral to a vitreoretinal surgeon for management of complicated retinal detachment after trauma.
Stepfather: Where Is the Accent Placed in This Compound Word?:

This article delineates therapeutic directions for counselors providing service to stepfamilies and, particularly, stepfathers. In the first section, an analysis of the professional literature conf...
High Resolution Centroid Hirschman Descriptor For Moving Object Detection

In applications where one is attempting to detect an object in an image, the centroid Fourier descriptor (CFD) is often used because it is invariant to the starting point, scale invariant, and robust to noise. It is widely used in shape identification. However, the CFD is not of sufficient resolution to distinguish very similar shapes. In this paper, we introduce a high-resolution centroid shape descriptor based on the Hirschman Optimal Transform (HOT). Because of its relationship to the DFT, our newly proposed algorithm will inherit the invariances as well as the robust noise performance. However, when compared to the CFD, our centroid Hirschman descriptor (CHD) is superior both in its computational efficiency and its ability to recognize small changes in the object shape. We thus believe that the CHD is a better choice for detecting object movements than is the CFD.
The Influence of Performance Reporting Attributes on Managers' Capital Allocation Decisions: An Examination of Reporting Audience and Location

ABSTRACT This article reports two experiments testing how managers' capital allocation decisions are affected by where and to whom they report corporate social responsibility (CSR) information. Dra...
Social-Emotional Benefits of Drumtastic Ability Beats® Dyadic Partnership between a College Veteran with PTSD and an Elementary Student in a Special Education Setting

This case report investigated Drumtastic Ability Beats® in an elementary Special Education program highlighting the relationship between a college veteran with PTSD partnered with a student with intellectual developmental disorder and ADHD. The results pre-post for the veteran showed Perceived Stress Scale improved 22.7%; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale- Anxiety decreased 37.5%, and Depression increased by 37.5%. Less than 1% positive change on both the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale and Connor Davidson Resiliency Scale. The student Social Personal Relationship Scale increased 54% in relating to others and 51% in self-responsible social behavior. Smiley-o-Meter demonstrated improved mood from a 3 nervous/unsocial to 8 excited/delighted. This study demonstrates the value of TR interventions in a special education program in a school setting with regard to social-emotional behaviors. Subscribe to TRJ
Cannabis Use Disorders and Related Emergencies

Cannabis has a long history of human use for recreational and medicinal purposes. Recently, its legal status has been in transition with legalization of cannabis occurring in multiple US states and many more allowing its medicinal use. The marijuana plant has several psychoactive compounds, with the primary components being tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabis can be consumed in a variety of formulations, including those derived from the marijuana plant, as well as synthetic cannabinoid agents. Intoxication with cannabis typically presents with euphoria and perceptual changes, although psychotic and anxiety symptoms can also occur. Intoxication infrequently leads to psychiatric or medical admission, and distressing psychiatric symptoms often resolve with sobriety. In individuals with underlying psychiatric illness, including psychotic disorders, cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid use may contribute to onset, recurrence, or exacerbation of symptoms.
Nonparametric estimation of the cumulative incidence function under outcome misclassification using external validation data

Misclassification of outcomes or event types is common in health sciences research and can lead to serious bias when estimating the cumulative incidence functions in settings with competing risks. Recent work has shown how to estimate nonparametric cumulative incidence functions in the presence of nondifferential outcome misclassification when the misclassification probabilities are known. Here, we extend this approach to account for misclassification that is differential with respect to important predictors of the outcome using misclassification probabilities estimated from external validation data. Moreover, we propose a bootstrap approach in which the observations from both the main study data and the external validation study are resampled to allow the uncertainty in the misclassification probabilities to propagate through the analysis into the final confidence intervals, ensuring appropriate confidence interval coverage probabilities. The proposed estimator is shown to be uniformly consistent and simulation studies indicate that both the estimator and the standard error estimation approach perform well in finite samples. The methodology is applied to estimate the cumulative incidence of death and disengagement from HIV care in a large cohort of HIV infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa, where a significant death underreporting issue leads to outcome misclassification. This analysis uses external validation data from a separate study conducted in the same country.
Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Transtuberculum Approach for Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: Operative Video With 360-Degree Fly-Through and Surgical Rehearsal in Virtual Reality: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

This video demonstrates the technique of the "Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Transtuberculum Approach" and the utility of preoperative planning and surgical rehearsal in virtual reality (VR). VR can be utilized to improve endoscopic skull base surgery in various ways. The patient is a 57-yr-old woman with sudden right abducens palsy. Transcranial surgery has been the gold-standard treatment of the tuberculum sellae meningioma that was found, but for suitable tumors, the endoscopic endonasal approach is equally effective for tumor resection with better visual outcomes.1-4 The three-dimensional, 360°, multicolored VR rendering (Surgical Theater SRP7.4.0, Cleveland, Ohio) of her tuberculum sellae meningioma clearly demonstrated that there was no encasement of the anterior cerebral arteries, the tumor did not extend lateral to the carotid arteries, and the surgical corridor was wide enough for endoscopic endonasal resection. The surgical exposure was then rehearsed with the sphenoidectomy and drilling of the sella floor and tuberculum performed in VR space. The step-by-step process of the endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum resection is demonstrated in the operative video. Surgical planning in VR can be helpful to the early-career endoscopic surgeon. The three-dimensional renderings are quick to set up (15 min), and the examination of the anatomy is useful for choosing the surgical approach. Despite the lack of haptic feedback and tissue response such as vascularity and firmness in the current software, rehearsing the drilling for exposure can improve the efficiency in surgery. Patient consent was obtained prior to the creation of the video and is available on request.
Higher Body Mass Index is Associated with End Stage Renal Failure after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Purpose Elevated body mass index (BMI) is a well-established risk factor for post-operative adverse events. We hypothesized that patients with higher BMI are more likely to develop end stage renal failure (ESRD) after LVAD implantation, a complication regarded as a strong negative prognostic marker for survival. Methods A single center continuous flow LVAD cohort (n=456) was queried for BMI at the time of LVAD implantation. To determine the relationship between BMI and the probability of ESRD, a multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed. Patients were stratified into 3 groups by BMI ( 30 kg/m2) for analysis. Results The mean age of the cohort was 57±14 years. 80% were male, 54% had ischemic cardiomyopathy, 57% were designated as bridge to transplant and the median pre-implant creatinine was 1.2. The median follow-up time on LVAD support was 1.3 years. 25 of the 456 patients in our cohort (5.5%) developed ESRD. BMI >30 kg/m2 was associated with a significantly increased risk for renal failure (adjusted HR: 6.5, CI: 1.4-29.4; p=0.015). While there was a trend, the risk for the intermediate BMI group did not reach statistical significance (p=0.079) when compared to BMI Conclusion BMI above 30 kg/m2 at the time of LVAD implantation was associated with a significantly increased post-operative risk for renal failure in our cohort. Further studies are warranted to determine the pathophysiology and to develop strategies to mitigate this risk.
Trends in total shoulder arthroplasty from 2005 to 2018: lower complications rates and shorter lengths of stay despite patients with more comorbidities.

Background Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is an increasingly common procedure. This study looked at trends in TSA using a nationwide registry, with a focus on patient demographics, comorbidities, and complications. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients who underwent TSA from 2005 to 2018. Cohorts were created based on year of surgery: 2005-2010 (N = 1116), 2011-2014 (N = 5920), and 2015-2018 (N = 16,717). Patient demographics, comorbidities, operative time, hospital length of stay, discharge location, and complications within 30 days of surgery were compared between cohorts using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Bivariate analysis revealed significantly more comorbidities among patients in the 2015-2018 cohort compared with the 2005-2010 cohort, specifically American Society of Anesthesiologist class III or IV (57.0% vs. 44.3%, P < .001), morbid obesity (10.8% vs. 7.8%, P < .001), diabetes (17.8% vs. 12.1%, P < .001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.7% vs. 4.1%, P = .003). The use of regional anesthesia has decreased (5.6% in 2005-2010 vs. 2.8% in 2015-2018, P < .001), as has operative time (▵: -16 minutes, P < .001) and length of stay (▵: -0.6 days, P < .001). There were also significant decreased rates of perioperative blood transfusion (OR [odds ratio], 0.46), non-home discharge (OR, 0.79), urinary tract infection (OR, 0.47), and sepsis (OR, 0.17), (P < .001 for all comparisons) between the 2005-2010 and 2015-2018 cohorts. Conclusions Between 2005 and 2018, patients undergoing TSA had increasingly more comorbidities but experienced lower rates of short-term complications, in the context of shorter hospitalizations and more frequent discharge to home.
Fault Diagnosis Based on Batch-normalized Stacked Sparse Autoencoder

A fault diagnosis method based on batch-normalization stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) is presented in this paper. This paper use the autoencoder to extract features for fault diagnosis on account of its good performance in feature extraction. In order to improve the accuracy of the extracted features, this paper use a sparse representation which is a constraint during the encoding process. The multi-layer structure of autoencoder has an internal covariate shift problem and the generalization ability of the network is critical, batch normalization is employed before the activation function in each layer of the autoencoder network. And a stacked method is utilized to optimize network structure and reduce training difficulty. So the features of the original signal are extracted by the network based on the above method and the extracted features are placed in the classifier to identify different health states. For the purpose of fault diagnosis, this paper uses the proposed method to experiment with the bearing data set provided by Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). The experiment proves that the proposed method has a better fault diagnosis performance compared with other traditional methods.
Assessing Mathematics Misunderstandings via Bayesian Inverse Planning

Online educational technologies offer opportunities for providing individualized feedback and detailed profiles of students' skills. Yet many technologies for mathematics education assess students based only on the correctness of either their final answers or responses to individual steps. In contrast, examining the choices students make for how to solve the equation and the ways in which they might answer incorrectly offers the opportunity to obtain a more nuanced perspective of their algebra skills. To automatically make sense of step-by-step solutions, we propose a Bayesian inverse planning model for equation solving that computes an assessment of a learner's skills based on her pattern of errors in individual steps and her choices about what sequence of problem-solving steps to take. Bayesian inverse planning builds on existing machine learning tools to create a generative model relating (mis)-understandings to equation solving choices. Two behavioral experiments demonstrate that the model can interpret people's equation solving and that its assessments are consistent with those of experienced teachers. A third experiment uses this model to tailor guidance for learners based on individual differences in misunderstandings, closing the loop between assessing understanding, and using that assessment within an educational technology. Finally, because the bottleneck in applying inverse planning to a new domain is in creating the model of possible student misunderstandings, we show how to combine inverse planning with an existing production rule model to make inferences about student misunderstandings of fraction arithmetic.
A Single-Session Workshop to Enhance Emotional Awareness and Emotion Regulation for Graduate Students: A Pilot Study

Abstract Emerging adults are at substantial risk for developing or worsening psychopathology and university students appear to be particularly vulnerable. Interventions targeted at these young adults that can mitigate transdiagnostic causal risk factors or burgeoning mental health problems have the potential to make a large impact. We aimed to develop and pilot test an accessible, single-session, transdiagnostic group intervention with the goals of enhancing emotion regulation skills and reducing risk for mental health problems in graduate students. The intervention included psychoeducation, skills instruction (e.g., mindful emotion awareness, cognitive flexibility, countering emotion-driven behaviors), group discussion, and supervised practice based on content from the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. The pilot program demonstrated strong feasibility and acceptability. Baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up surveys also suggested benefits for reducing emotional avoidance and suppression, increasing use of cognitive reappraisal, and reducing symptoms of depression and neuroticism. Graduate students have seldom been the beneficiaries of university-based intervention and prevention research. Furthermore, most college and university mental health centers do not have the capacity to provide psychoeducation, preventative, or early intervention services to the many students who need or could benefit from them. Results suggest that future iterations of this intervention could address such barriers to meaningfully supporting emerging adults in graduate school.
Enabling Higher-Order Modulation for Underwater Backscatter Communication

Piezo-acoustic bacskcatter (PAB) is a recently-introduced ultra-low-power underwater communication technology. In contrast to traditional underwater acoustic modems, which need to generate power-consuming carrier signals, PAB nodes communicate by simply reflecting (i.e., backscattering) existing acoustic signals in the environment. This reflection-based approach enables them to communicate at net-zero power but also imposes significant constraints on their throughput and modulation schemes. We present PAB-QAM, the first underwater backscatter design capable of achieving higher-order modulation. PAB-QAM exploits the electro-mechanical coupling property of piezoelectric transducers to modulate their reflection coefficients. Specifically, by strategically employing reactive circuit components (inductors), we demonstrate how PAB-QAM nodes can modulate the phase and amplitude of acoustic reflections and realize higher-order and spectrally-efficient modulation schemes such as QAM. We designed and built a prototype of PAB-QAM and empirically evaluated it underwater. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates that PAB-QAM can double the throughput of underwater backscatter without requiring additional power, spectrum, or cost. Looking ahead, such increased throughput paves way for various subsea IoT applications in ocean exploration, underwater climate monitoring, and marine life sensing.
The Bethe Hessian and Information Theoretic Approaches for Online Change-Point Detection in Network Data

Sequences of networks are currently a common form of network data sets. Identification of structural change-points in a network data sequence is a natural problem. The problem of change-point detection can be classified into two main types - offline change-point detection and online or sequential change-point detection. In this paper, we propose three different algorithms for online change-point detection based on certain cusum statistics for network data with community structures. For two of the proposed algorithms, we use information theoretic measures to construct the statistic for the estimation of a change-point. In the third algorithm, we use eigenvalues of the Bethe Hessian matrix to construct the statistic for the estimation of a change-point. We show the consistency property of the estimated change-point theoretically under networks generated from the multi-layer stochastic block model and the multi-layer degree-corrected block model. We also conduct an extensive simulation study to demonstrate the key properties of the algorithms as well as their efficacy.
Integration of Arab and Muslim Health Education Into a Medical School Curriculum

Introduction Both Arab and Muslim Americans are historically underrepresented and understudied populations who face unique health disparities. Factors such as discrimination, language barriers, cul...
A Hierarchical Activation Management Technique for Fine-Grain Multithreaded Execution

Many inner loop bodies in numerical applications are short with a disproportionally large amount of array operations which are potentially remote operations. Consequently, fewer threads can remain active while the requested data is in transit. When such situations arise, a processor can either remain idle or switch to another activation. Both options result in poor processor utilization which adversely affects the overall performance of a program. Because these loops are often the kernel of an application, there is a strong incentive for improving the performance of such loops. As a solution, this paper proposes a fine-grain execution model called the Multiple Iterations per Activation (MIpA) model.
Mis)Trusting States to Run Elections

Current Supreme Court doctrine defers too readily to states’ voting systems. In the process, the Court has removed Congress from the elections business. The Court has done so not explicitly but through two judicial maneuvers, one substantive and the other procedural, that place tremendous trust in states: lowering the bar for the state interest prong of the constitutional analysis, and forbidding facial challenges to state rules on election administration. The Court has credited any state assertion of “election integrity,” even if that is not the actual impetus for the law under review. It also will reject a facial challenge to a state voting rule, thereby leaving the law in place until a plaintiff has gathered actual evidence of the law’s impact on particular voters. The Court has not treated Congress the same, demonstrating its willingness to invalidate a federal voting rule on its face even when Congress has asserted a more detailed rationale for the law. This Article uncovers this approach to constitutional challenges to voting regulations. It also explains why this current jurisprudence is both wrong and dangerous. It is wrong because the U.S. Constitution gives the federal government significant scope to promulgate election regulations, and states are subordinate to Congress under our constitutional structure. It is dangerous because the current deferential approach emboldens states to pass partisan-based laws with an eye toward affecting elections, and all a state needs to say to justify a new law is that it is seeking to ensure “election integrity.” The Court should reverse this current jurisprudence by requiring states to provide a more detailed justification for an election law and by allowing broader use of facial challenges to invalidate state voting laws, when necessary, before they are implemented. Voting, as a fundamental right, deserves robust protection from the courts. Scrutinizing state election laws more closely will help to achieve this worthy goal.
Nimble progenitors rescue vascular grafts.

A new study shows that endothelial progenitor cells obtained from peripheral blood provide a suitable cell source for lining vascular grafts. This finding promises both short- and long-term medical advances in the cardiovascular and other medical arenas. (pages 1035–1040)
The Impact of a Wife's Education on Her Husband's Earnings in Malaysia

Researchers have studied the effect of a wife's education on her husband's earnings for married couples in the United States, Hong Kong, Israel, Iran, and Brazil. We study how a wife's years ofschooling affect her husband's earnings in Malaysia. Using a longitudinal sample from the Malaysian Family Life Surveys, we find that a wife's education has a positive and statistically significant impact on her husband's earnings. The magnitude is similar to studies ofother countries. OUf results suggest that policies in developing countries that increase women's education could have positive effects for families beyond the women's own Jabor force participation and earnings, (J1, 05)
Monitoring Production Equipment in Remote Locations

Within the context of Remote Equipment Monitoring, the specific customer implementation of this project has been in the area of an upstream oil and gas process. The goal was to improve the efficiency of ESP Electric Submersible Pump oil & gas production, by predicting rather than just reacting to ESP shutdown and failure and thus avoiding downtime which results in a loss of production as well as repair costs. Please see Figurei¾?1 for an illustration of an ESP.
Applications of Plant Biotechnology to Ornamental Crops

In many cases of ornamental crops, biotechnology applications are proving to be very difficult, but there have been several advances made with engineering a wide variety of genetic traits in floriculture crops and turfgrass. Significant gains have also been made in cloning important genes that are proving to be involved with biological processes that scientists hope to manipulate in ornamental crops in the future. The purpose of the rest of this chapter is to provide a status report on the progress that has been made in applying biotechnology to plants grown for the ornamental characteristics, and to project where research efforts will be focused over the next few years. Keywords: flower; colour; scent; phytohormone
A Game Theoretic Approach to Nuclear Safeguards Selection and Optimization

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel application of an inspection game to find optimally efficient nuclear safeguard strategies. It describes a methodology that allocates resources at and across nuclear fuel cycle facilities for a cost-constrained inspectorate seeking to detect a state-facilitated diversion or misuse. The methodology couples a simultaneous-play game theoretic solver with a probabilistic model for simulating state violation scenarios at a gas centrifuge enrichment plant. The simulation model features a suite of defender options based on current International Atomic Energy Agency practices and an analogous menu of attacker proliferation pathway options. The simulation informs the game theoretic solver by calculating the detection probability for a given inspector-proliferator strategy pair. To generate a scenario payoff, it weights the detection probability by the quantity and quality of material obtained. Using a modified fictitious play algorithm, the game iteratively calls the simulatio...