cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forest Responses to Co2 Enrichment and Climate Warming

Two of the major uncertainties in forecasting future terrestrial sources and sinks of CO2 are the CO2-enhanced growth response of forests and soil warming effects on net CO2 efflux from forests. Carbon dioxide enrichment of tree seedlings over time periods less than 1 yr has generally resulted in enhanced rates of photosynthesis, decreased respiration, and increased growth, with minor increases in leaf area and small changes in C allocation. Exposure of woody species to elevated CO2 over several years has shown that high rates of photosynthesis may be sustained, but net C accumulation may not necessarily increase if CO2 release from soil respiration increases. The impact of the 25% rise in atmospheric CO2 with industrialization has been examined in tree ring chronologies from a range of species and locations. In contrast to the seedling tree results, there is no convincing evidence for CO2-enhanced stem growth of mature trees during the last several decades. However, if mature trees show a preferential root growth response to CO2 enrichment, the gain in root mass for an oak-hickory forest in eastern Tennessee is estimated to be only 9% over the last 40 years. Root data bases are inadequate for detecting such an effect. A very small shift in ecosystem nutrients from soil to vegetation could support CO2-enhanced growth. Climate warming and the accompanying increase in mean soil temperature could have a greater effect than CO2 enrichment on terrestrial sources and sinks of CO2. Soil respiration and N mineralization have been shown to increase with soil temperature. If plant growth increases with increased N availability, and more C is fixed in growth than is released by soil respiration, then a negative feedback on climate warming will occur. If warming results in a net increase in CO2 efflux from forests, then a positive feedback will follow. A 2 to 4°C increase in soil temperature could increase CO2 efflux from soil by 15 to 32% in eastern deciduous forests. Quantifying C budget responses of forests to future global change scenarios will be speculative until mature tree responses to CO2 enrichment and the effects of temperature on terrestrial sources and sinks of CO2 can be determined.
Measuring Pension‐benefit Expectations Probabilistically

. Research aiming to understand the impact of public and private pension plans on individual decision making has been hampered by a dearth of empirical evidence on benefit expectations. We review the occasional national surveys that have sought to measure pension-benefit expectations and describe our recent efforts to improve the measurement of US Social Security benefit expectations by elicitation of probabilistic expectations about well-defined outcomes. We document striking uncertainty and heterogeneity of beliefs about the long-term existence of the Social Security system and about the level of benefits should the system survive. In so doing, we highlight the additional information that is extracted using our probabilistic elicitation method as opposed to more traditional methods that only seek point forecasts.
Commingling and segregation analysis of serum uric acid in five North American populations: the Lipid Research Clinics family study.

The role of major genes in the expression of serum uric acid (UA) levels was investigated in data collected from five clinics of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) family study. Over 2,000 randomly ascertained individuals were analyzed. The UA distributions were homogeneous among the five LRC clinics and between the parental and offspring generations. This result suggested that the data could be pooled across clinics, thereby increasing the statistical power associated with larger sample sizes for testing various null hypotheses. Additionally, a mixture of three normal distributions best characterized the combined-clinics data. Segregation patterns were examined in the untransformed data, as well as in a more conservative (and biologically meaningful) log transformation. Prior to log transformation, both major and multifactorial effects were detected. The major effect was not transmissible, i.e., was not compatible with Mendelian transmission, and accounted for 39% of the variance in UA levels. However, after the log transform was applied to the data and the segregation analysis was repeated, support for the major effect disappeared altogether and only the multifactorial component remained, accounting for 50% of the variation in offspring and 19% in patients.
Electroabsorption of excitons in f.c.c. TlBr and TlCl

Abstract The exciton binding energy, band gap, and static dialectric constant were obtained from electromodulation measurements on the face-centered cubic (NaCl structure) phase of TlBr. An unusual electroabsorption structure has been observed in TlBr and TlCl for features which have no established assignment.
Two‐Stage Acquisitions, Free‐Riding, and Corporate Control

This study examines two-stage acquisitions, focusing upon first- and second-stage excess returns for both acquired and acquiring firms, and analyzing the relation between acquisition returns and ownership interest. The evidence suggests that target firm shareholders do not free-ride. Evidence is also provided indicating that premiums are paid by the majority holder to acquire a remaining minority interest.
Balloon pump support of the failing right heart

Summary: This report reviews a clinical experience with pulmonary artery counterpulsation with a balloon pump in a patient with pulmonary embolization superimposed upon severe trivalvular rheumatic heart disease. This pa- tient underwent a pulmonary embolectomy and triple- valve replacement requiring a pulmonary artery balloon pump for bypass discontinuation and postbypass hemo- dynamic support. The field of right heart counterpulsation is briefly reviewed, and the technical details of the implan- tation and management of the device are elaborated. Key words: balloon pump, right heart failure Introduction Mechanical support of the failing right heart has re- ceived relatively little attention when compared to the diversity of devices and techniques that compliment the medical and surgical armamentarium for dealing with left heart failure. The relative infrequency of need, and the somewhat cumbersome technical aspects of implementa- tion, have perhaps slowed right heart assist-device de-
Synthetic and structural studies of sapphyrin, a 22-π-electron pentapyrrolic expanded porphyrin

We wish to report here an improved synthesis of C 2 symmetric sapphyrins as well as their first crystallography characterization
Membrane fusion machines of paramyxoviruses: capture of intermediates of fusion

Peptides derived from heptad repeat regions adjacent to the fusion peptide and transmembrane domains of many viral fusion proteins form stable helical bundles and inhibit fusion specifically. Paramyxovirus SV5 fusion (F) protein-mediated fusion and its inhibition by the peptides N-1 and C-1 were analyzed. The temperature dependence of fusion by F suggests that thermal energy, destabilizing proline residues and receptor binding by the hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) protein collectively contribute to F activation from a metastable native state. F-mediated fusion was reversibly arrested by low temperature or membrane-incorporated lipids, and the resulting F intermediates were characterized. N-1 inhibited an earlier F intermediate than C-1. Co-expression of HN with F lowered the temperature required to attain the N-1-inhibited intermediate, consistent with HN binding to its receptor stimulating a conformational change in F. C-1 bound and inhibited an intermediate of F that could be detected until a point directly preceding membrane merger. The data are consistent with C-1 binding a pre-hairpin intermediate of F and with helical bundle formation being coupled directly to membrane fusion.
An assessment of satellite-based high resolution precipitation datasets for atmospheric composition studies in the maritime continent☆

Abstract The Maritime Continent (MC) region of Southeast Asia is known for land use practices that are modulated by precipitation occurrence and fire activity. The polluted environment may modify cloud/precipitation formation mechanisms, but meteorological or weather patterns may disrupt or otherwise influence these same processes. Since the simultaneous retrieval of precipitation and aerosol properties is not possible from current satellite observations, the choice of the precipitation dataset used for applications such as model assimilation and scavenging in aerosol transport models could provide very different results. In this article, a seven-year (2003–2009) time period was analyzed with five satellite-based high-resolution precipitation products (HRPP), the MERRA model reanalysis, and MODIS-derived aerosol observations within nine Southeast Asia domains. Substantially different trends between the aerosol concentration and precipitation time series were noted for different MC island regions, as well as HRPP differences in the precipitation diurnal variability and their capability to track precipitation extremes. For all regions, the most noticeable change to the diurnal cycle was noted during the genesis phase (Phase 1 in the MC) of the intraseasonal Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). Since these studies do not take any aerosol transport or precipitation dynamics into account, the use of Lagrangian models is proposed to study non-localized aerosol/precipitation interactions and better establish their veracity in current model simulations.
Formation of metastasis by human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) in nude mice

Abstract MCF-7 cells, a human breast carcinoma line, forms tumors when injected into athymic nude mice. These tumors are able to metastasize to lungs, liver and spleen. 17β-estradiol treatment increases both the growth rate and frequency of metastases. Castration or diabetes prevents metastasis formation, but treatment with estrogen or insulin restores the metastasizing capacity. MCF-7 cells secrete into the culture media collagenases able to lyse types I and IV collagens. Estrogen or insulin addition to the culture enhances collagenase production. Attention is called to the coexistence of enhancement in collagenase production and metastasis formation.
The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock–Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska

Abstract The effects of partial cutting on species composition, new and residual-tree cohorts, tree size distribution, and tree growth was evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12–96 years ago, when 16–96% of the former stand basal area was removed. Partial cutting maintained stand structures similar to uncut old-growth stands, and the cutting had no significant effects on tree species composition. The establishment of new-tree cohorts was positively related to the proportion of basal-area cut. The current stand basal area, tree species composition, and stand growth were significantly related to trees left after harvest ( p Concerns about changing tree species composition, lack of spruce regeneration, and greatly reduced stand growth and vigor with partial cuts were largely unsubstantiated. Silvicultural systems based on partial cutting can provide rapidly growing trees for timber production while maintaining complex stand structures with mixtures of spruce and hemlock trees similar to old-growth stands.
Application of orthogonal collocation on finite elements in the simulation of non-linear chromatography

Abstract Orthogonal collocation on finite elements permits the calculation of the chromatographic elution band profiles for one or two components. The individua band profiles obtained for binary mixtures are more accurate than those derived using one of several possible finite difference methods. In most cases, the difference between these profiles is small when the column efficiency is high or the mass transfers between phases in the column are fast. When the concentration of the second eluted component is low compared to the concentration of the first one, however, the front of the second component band is much steeper than predicted by the finite difference method, in agreement with the result of the finite element calculation procedure. The advantage of the better accuracy is compensated by a considerably higher computation time.
Resuscitation Medicine Research: Quo Vadis

Abstract Laboratory research should have clinical relevance. Topics should be selected according to need, gaps in knowledge, and opportunities; the investigator's background, expertise, interests, and ambitions; scientific, clinical, and socioeconomic importance; and feasibility of successful performance and conclusion. The current explosion of knowledge and sophistication of methods will require research by multidisciplinary teams. Systematic goal-oriented studies should be conducted in environments that encourage serendipitous discoveries. Mechanism- and outcome-oriented research, in laboratories and on patients, is needed. In cardiac arrest research, hearts and brains "too good to die" offer many challenges. In trauma research, particular challenges include protection-preservation during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, suspended animation for delayed resuscitation in exsanguination, and prevention of brain swelling after traumatic brain injury. Emergency physicians have the unique opportunity to initiate clinical resuscitation research in unexplored territory: the prehospital arena. [Safar P: Resuscitation medicine research: Quo vadis. Ann Emerg Med May 1996;27:542-552.]
Kinematic source modelling of normal-faulting earthquakes using the finite element method

Summary Near-field full elastic wave synthetic seismograms were computed for simulations of propagating normal faults using a 2-D, finite element method. The kinematics of faulting were simulated using a modified application of the ‘split-node’ technique of Melosh & Raefsky. Fault simulations using ‘split-nodes’ require only a modification of the load vector and correctly models relative fault slip as a double-couple force distribution without moment. Synthetic seismograms were computed for a suite of dip-slip, normal fault models designed to illustrate waveform variations due to temporal and spatial changes of the relative slip and rupture velocity along the fault, in addition, to fault slip at the free surface. Results from these models show that distinct P- and S-wave phases, observed in the near-field, are produced by the initiation and termination of faulting. Primarily observed in the hanging wall, these phases are identified as the ‘starting’ and ‘stopping’ phases. Their general amplitude behaviour can be explained by appropriately orientated double-couple point sources. For fault models with rapidly changing source-property variations in the slip distribution, rupture velocity, and fault orientation, notable S-wave phases were produced and observed in the hanging wall. Comparison of seismograms show that changes in rupture velocity produce larger amplitude variations in this phase than corresponding changes in slip distribution. The amplitudes of the associated P-wave phase were generally too small, compared with the S-wave, to be observed on the seismograms. Development of the ‘split-node’ technique for use in synthetic seismogram calculations represents an important new method permitting simple and accurate modelling of elastic waves due to fault propagation in a laterally varying velocity structure.
Are Gender Effects Being Neglected in Schizophrenia Research

Research on schizophrenia published in four professional journals--Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Archives of General Psychiatry, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, and American Journal of Psychiatry--over a 5-year period from January 1985 through December 1989 was examined for gender composition of subject samples and gender analyses of findings. Results indicate a continued predominance of male subjects in schizophrenia research, with males outnumbering females two to one, and frequent neglect of possible gender differences within mixed-sex samples. Possible explanations for the male bias are considered and greater research and editorial attention to possible gender effects are urged.
The UCSD/Calit2 GreenLight Project (Invited Paper)

The information technology (IT) industry has recently been estimated to have the same carbon footprint (that is, energy consumption) as the airline industry. Airlines have invested heavily for decades in more efficient engines, lighter airplanes and optimized scheduling to save energy consumption. Meanwhile, the energy usage per compute server rack has grown from about 2 kW/rack in 2000 to an estimated 30 kW/rack in 2010, to the point where the cooling and power issues are now a major factor in system design. In the last several years, the IT industry has begun to develop new strategies for "greening" traditional data centers, yet the physical reality of modern university campus Cyberlnfrastructure (CI) is a complex network of ad hoc and sub-optimal energy environments housed in departmental facilities. But because the value of computational and data-intensive approaches to research is increasingly embraced, this number of departmental facilities is swelling fast and creating campus-wide crises of space, power, and cooling.
Low bit-rate video compression with neural networks and temporal subsampling

In this paper we describe a novel neural network technique for video compression, using a "point-process" type neural network model we have developed which is closer to biophysical reality and is mathematically much more tractable than standard models. Our algorithm uses an adaptive approach based upon the users' desired video quality Q, and achieves compression ratios of up to 500:1 for moving gray-scale images, based on a combination of motion detection, compression, and temporal subsampling of frames. This leads to a compression ratio of over 1000:1 for full-color video sequences with the addition of the standard 4:1:1 spatial subsampling ratios in the chrominance images. The signal-to-noise ratio ranges from 29 dB to over 34 dB. Compression is performed using a combination of motion detection, neural networks, and temporal subsampling of frames. A set of neural networks is used to adaptively select the desired compression of each picture block as a function of the reconstruction quality. The motion detection process separates out regions of the frame which need to be retransmitted. Temporal subsampling of frames, along with reconstruction techniques, lead to the high compression ratios.
Note: An improved 3D imaging system for electron-electron coincidence measurements

We demonstrate an improved imaging system that can achieve highly efficient 3D detection of two electrons in coincidence. The imaging system is based on a fast frame complementary metal-oxide semiconductor camera and a high-speed waveform digitizer. We have shown previously that this detection system is capable of 3D detection of ions and electrons with good temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we show that with a new timing analysis algorithm, this system can achieve an unprecedented dead-time (<0.7 ns) and dead-space (<1 mm) when detecting two electrons. A true zero dead-time detection is also demonstrated.
Influence of examiner and examinee anxiety on WISC performance.

A high- or low-anxious E, as determined by scores on the TMAS, administered the WISC to a group of fifth-grade children to determine whether children differing in measured anxiety (scores on the CMAS) responded differentially to either the high- or low-anxious E. Ss tested by the high-anxious E obtained significantly higher mean scores than did the comparable group tested by the low-anxious E. on the Verbal scale high-anxious Ss performed equally well when tested by either E, but the low-anxious Ss tested by the high-anxious E were superior to the other groups. An E × S interaction was found on the Coding subtest where high-anxious Ss tested by the high-anxious E and low-anxious Ss tested by the low-anxious E outperformed the other groups. No E or S effect was found on any of the Performance subtests.
Active dendritic conductances influence the relations between synaptic input and the current-voltage relation of adult spinal motoneurons

Techniques for recording directly from dendrites of CNS neurons require in vitro preparations (e.g. Spruston et al. 1995). However, we have developed a combined computational/experimental approach that allows us to obtain quantitative information about the role of voltage-sensitive dendritic conductances in an in vivo preparation. The basis of this technique is to take advantage of the well known lack of space clamp of dendritic regions when a voltage clamp is applied at the soma of the cell (Rall and Segev 1985). When synaptic input is applied to the cell, the voltage clamp applied via an electrode in the soma holds the behaviors of voltage-sensitive conductances in that region constant. However, the lack of space clamp means that synaptic input to the dendrites can produce depolarizations that alter the state of dendritic voltage-sensitive conductances (Lee and Heckman 1996; Schwindt and Crill 1995). Thus, the voltage clamp has the advantage of holding the behavior of somatic voltage-sensitive conductances constant while allowing the synaptic input to depolarize dendritic voltage sensitive conductances.
Pheromone trail following in three dimensions by the freshwater copepod Hesperodiaptomus shoshone

Finding mates can pose a particular problem for obligately sexual planktonic organisms, resulting in a variety of adaptations to ensure sufficient mating. Several types of mate-finding behavior have been observed in marine copepods, but the one most effective at low population density, following a pheromone trail, has not been observed in freshwater copepods. Using three-dimensional (3D) videography, we show that males of the large-bodied alpine species Hesperodiaptomus shoshone follow pheromones in the female's trail. Using a trail mimic comprised of female-conditioned water, we found that males followed female scent without the presence of the female. This behavior was reduced when the female scent was diluted, suggesting that the male's behavior can be modified by the intensity of the chemical signal. Analyses of the 3D trajectories of copepods that formed mating pairs indicate that the male does not make a direct approach to the female, as might be expected if he relied purely on hydrodynamic or visual cues. Instead, males that are >0.5 cm from females react to crossing female trails by making an abrupt turn and spending more than 2 s following the female's trail. Furthermore, flow field analysis showed that at this distance it was unlikely that copepods could distinguish the hydrodynamic signal from the background flow. This is the first demonstration of chemical trail following in a freshwater copepod and has important implications for encounter rates and viable population densities in similar species.
Fully solution processed all inorganic nanocrystal solar cells.

The effects of solution (sol) processed contacts of indium tin oxide (ITO-sol) and gold (Au-sol) on solar cells are tested. When combined with solution processed active layers of CdTe/CdSe, all-inorganic fully solution processed solar cells are produced on non-conductive glass substrates. Under AM 1.5G illumination, open circuit voltages (Voc), short circuit currents (Jsc) and efficiencies (η) of solar cells processed with evaporated Au and commercial ITO were found to be (Voc = 0.56 ± 0.04 V, Jsc = 17.2 ± 2.2 mA cm−2, η = 3.8 ± 0.4%), with Au-sol replacement (Voc = 0.54 ± 0.03 V, Jsc = 12.6 ± 1.0 mA cm−2, η = 2.0 ± 0.1%), with ITO-sol (Voc = 0.38 ± 0.04 V, Jsc = 12.3 ± 0.8 mA cm−2, η = 1.3 ± 0.2%), and with each layer solution processed (Voc = 0.49 ± 0.01 V, Jsc = 10.0 ± 1.5 mA cm−2, η = 1.5 ± 0.2%) with the champion fully-solution processed all-inorganic device showing η = 1.7%. Layers and devices were characterized with UV/Vis spectroscopy, optical profilometry, XRD, XPS and SEM. The results indicate that the reduced performance of the all-solution devices results primarily from increased roughness of the Au film and decreased conductivity of the ITO layer.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A Function Cooperatively To Promote Carcinoma Development in a Mouse Carcinogenesis Model

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) proteins latent membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LMP1 and LMP2) are frequently expressed in EBV-associated lymphoid and epithelial cancers and have complex effects on cell signaling and growth. The effects of these proteins on epithelial cell growth were assessed in vivo using transgenic mice driven by the keratin 14 promoter (K14). The development of papillomas and carcinomas was determined in the tumor initiator and promoter model using dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA), followed by repeated treatments of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). In these assays, LMP1 functioned as a weak tumor promoter and increased papilloma formation. In contrast, mice expressing LMP2A did not induce or promote papilloma formation. Transgenic LMP1 mice had slightly increased development of squamous cell carcinoma; however, the development of carcinoma was significantly increased in the doubly transgenic mice expressing both LMP1 and LMP2A. DMBA treatment induces an activating mutation in the Harvey-ras (H-ras(61)) oncogene, and this mutation was identified in most papillomas and carcinomas although several papillomas and carcinomas in K14-LMP1 and K14-LMP1/LMP2A mice lacked the mutation. Analysis of signaling pathways that are known to be activated by LMP1 and/or LMP2 indicated that all genotypes had high levels of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Stat3 in carcinomas with significantly higher activation in the doubly transgenic carcinomas. These findings suggest that, in combination, LMP1 and LMP2 contribute to carcinoma progression and that this may reflect the combined effects of the proteins on activation of multiple signaling pathways. This study is the first to characterize the effects of LMP2 on tumor initiation and promotion and to identify an effect of the combined expression of LMP1 and LMP2 on the increase of carcinoma development.
Effects of Consensus and Devill's Advocacy On Strategic Decision‐Making

Strategic consensus within management teams is thought to affect company performance because of its effects on the quality of team decision-making (Bourgeois, 1985, p. 571). Past research dealing with the relationship between consensus and company performance, however, has not specifically examined the effects of consensus on decision-making. The debate on the effects of strategic consensus parallels a debate on the effects of consensus-based and conflict-based decision aids (Schweiger & Finger, 1984; Schweiger, Sandberg, & Ragan, 1986; Schwenk, 1988). The experiment described in this paper is the first which deals with the effects of group consensus and conflict-based decision aids on group decision-making. The results showed that high-consensus groups generally had higher performance, suggesting that consensus improves group decision-making. Further, groups given the decision technique of devil's advocacy had higher levels of critical evaluation in decision-making but less desire to work with each other in the future, suggesting that devil's advocacy has mixed effects on decision-making groups. An interaction effect showed that devil's advocacy increased the commitment of high-consensus group members to the decisions their groups had reached but did not have a similar effect on low-consensus groups. This result demonstrates the importance of examining both consensus and decision aids simultaneously. The implications of the results for the interpretation of past research on consensus and on conflict-based decision aids are offered in the conclusion.
Multiple fault signature integration and enhancing for variation source identification in manufacturing processes

Signature matching is an increasingly popular method for variation source identification in manufacturing processes. In this method, the variation source is identified through matching the variation patterns of specific process faults, also called fault signatures, with the variation patterns in the newly collected quality data. There are situations in which a fault has occurred several times and consequently several signatures exist for the same fault. A technique is proposed that is able to integrate these multiple signatures together to enhance the accuracy of variation source identification. A linearly combined fault signature is constructed to increase the detection power of the fault identification. A numerical study is also presented to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Bradycardia‐Dependent Block and Fatigue Phenomenon of the His‐Purkinje System Manifested During Upright Tilt

HERNANDEZ, R., et al.: Bradycardia-Dependent Block and Fatigue Phenomenon of the His-Purkinje System Manifested During Upright Tilt Atrioventricular (AV) block occurring in the His-Purkinje system may occur sporadically and can be difficult to document. In this article, we describe two patients with spontaneous episodes of AV biock, in whom the use of upright tilt during electrophysiological testing led to a diagnosis of His-Purkinje disease. In both cases, testing in the supine position only uncovered mild or no abnormalities of infra-nodal conduction. In the first case, high grade block distal to the His occurred and the mechanism appeared to be bradycardia-dependent block. In this case, increased sympathetic tone due to upright tilt may have enhanced the slope of phase 4 depolarization in abnormal His-Purkinje cells, leading to block. In the second case, high grade block distal to the His was seen with upright tilt and the mechanism of block appeared to be fatigue phenomenon in the His-Purkinje system. These cases empha size the elusive nature and varied mechanisms of His-Purkinje block and illustrate the utility of electrophysiological testing in the upright position in patients with suspected conduction system disease.
Acute mesenteric ischemia : a simple and practical approach

The diagnosis and management of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) have evolved considerably since first described nearly 150 years ago. Angiography remains the gold standard for establishing a definitive diagnosis. Today, several therapeutic options—both percutaneous and surgical—are available for combatting AMI. Vasodilation, lytic, and balloon angioplastic procedures are percutaneous approaches that can be considered in a subset of patients in whom the clinical examination does not necessitate immediate laparotomy. When laparotomy is mandatory, embolectomy, thromboendarterectomy, and a variety of mesenteric revascularization procedures have enabled intestinal salvage. As a result, the morbidity and mortality of AMI have declined. The authors offer an algorithm that simplifies the approach to AMI, emphasizes rapid diagnosis and early intervention, and includes percutaneous therapy as an option to consider.
Red cell membrane permeability deduced from bulk diffusion coefficients.

The permeability coefficients of dog red cell membrane to tritiated water and to a series of (1 4 C)amides have been deduced from bulk diffusion meas- urements through a "tissue" composed of packed red cells. Red cells were packed by centrifugation inside polyethylene tubing. The red cell column was pulsed at one end with radiolabeled solute and diffusion was allowed to proceed for several hours. The distribution of radioactivity along the red cell column was measured by sequential slicing and counting, and the diffusion coefficient was determined by a simple plotting technique, assuming a one-dimensional diffusional model. In order to derive the red cell membrane permeability coefficient from the bulk diffusion coefficient, the red cells were assumed to be packed in a regular manner approximating closely spaced parallelepipeds. The local steady-state diffusional flux was idealized as a one-dimensional intracellular pathway in parallel with a one-dimensional extracellular pathway with solute exchange occurring within the series pathway and between the pathways. The diffusion coefficients in the intracellular and extracellular pathways were estimated from bulk diffusion measurements through concentrated hemoglobin solutions and plasma, respec- tively; while the volume of the extracellular pathway was determined using radiolabeled sucrose. The membrane permeability coefficients were in satisfac- tory agreement with the data of Sha'afi, R. I., C. M. Gary-Bobo, and A. K. Solomon (1971. J. Gen. Physiol. 58:238) obtained by a rapid-reaction technique. The method is simple and particularly well suited for rapidly permeating solutes.
The Tapestry Unravels: Statutory Waivers of Sovereign Immunity and Money Claims Against the United States

Statutory waivers of sovereign immunity have been enacted piecemeal by Congress over the course of more than a century and yet they nevertheless fit together into a reasonably well-integrated pattern - or tapestry - of causes of action covering most subjects of dispute between the government and its citizens. Congress often has contributed to this integration, intentionally or unintentionally, by limiting the sweep of one statute to avoid conflict with another. However, the courts, while generally striving to synthesize separate statutory provisions into a coherent whole, are not always friends of harmony. In Bowen v. Massachusetts, 487 U.S. 879 (1988), the Supreme Court confronted the problem of distinguishing between a proper claim under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) for specific relief (routed to the federal district courts) and a Tucker Act claim for money damages (falling within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Federal Claims). Instead of drawing a bright-line between money and non-money claims - and thus a clear jurisdictional line between the United States District Court and the Court of Federal Claims - the Court adopted a more amorphous case-by-case approach, allowing plaintiffs to frame some claims for monetary relief as falling within the APA framework rather than under the purview of the Tucker Act. Contending that the Bowen v. Massachusetts decision unsettled Tucker Act jurisprudence, unjustifiably expanded specific relief under the APA to include money, and encouraged forum shopping between the District Court and the Court of Federal Claims, the author points to signals of distress from the lower courts and urges renewed judicial attention to this problem. Moreover, the author finds encouraging signs on the judicial front, as the Supreme Court has resisted any extension of Bowen v. Massachusetts to new contexts, and the Federal Circuit has taken a considered step forward in restoring jurisdictional clarity and stability in assignment of claims between judicial institutions. In the interests of efficiency and respect for the institutional strengths of the alternative forums, the invaluable role of the District Court must be respected in nonmonetary cases as well as cases which present an exceptional need for specific relief, and the Court of Federal Claims should be confirmed as the proper and exclusive forum for those types of claims that traditionally have fallen within its judicial franchise. In this way, by preserving the fabric of District Court authority while also restitching the Court of Federal Claims into the cloth, the tapestry of statutory waivers of sovereign immunity may again be made whole.
Serrated Polyps at CT Colonography: Prevalence and Characteristics of the Serrated Polyp Spectrum

Purpose To report the prevalence and characteristics of serrated polyps identified in a large, average-risk population undergoing screening computed tomographic (CT) colonography. Materials and Methods This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. The need for informed consent was waived. Nine thousand six hundred examinations from 8289 patients were enrolled in a single-institution CT colonography-based screening program (from 2004 to 2011) and were evaluated for the presence of nondiminutive serrated lesions and advanced adenomas. The prevalence and characteristics of these lesions were tabulated. Generalized estimating equation regressions of polyp characteristics that may contribute to visualization of serrated lesions were investigated, including polyp size, location, and morphologic appearance; histologic findings; and presence or absence of contrast material tagging. Results Nondiminutive serrated lesions (≥6 mm) were seen at CT colonography-based screening with a prevalence of 3.1% (254 of 8289 patients). Sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) constituted 36.8% (137 of 372) and 4.3% (16 of 372) of serrated lesions, respectively; hyperplastic polyps (HPs) accounted for 58.9% (219 of 372 lesions). SSA and TSA tended to be large (mean size, 10.6 mm and 14.1 mm, respectively), with size categories and polyp subgroups significantly associated (P < .0001). SSA tended to be proximal in location (91.2%, 125 of 137 lesions) and flat in morphologic appearance (39.4%, 54 of 137 lesions) compared with TSA and HP. The presence of high-grade dysplasia in serrated lesions was uncommon when compared with advanced adenomas (one of 372 lesions vs 22 of 395 lesions, respectively; P < .0001). Multivariate analysis showed that contrast material tagging markedly improved serrated polyp detection with an odds ratio of 40.4 (95% confidence interval: 10.1, 161.4). Conclusion Serrated lesions are seen at CT colonography-based screening with a nondiminutive prevalence of 3.1%. These lesions tend to be large, flat, and proximal in location. Adherent contrast material coating on these polyps aids in their detection, despite an often flat morphologic appearance. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Giant cell myocarditis: a life-threatening disorder heralded by orbital myositis

A 40-year-old man with a history of orbital myositis (OM) presented to the emergency department with ventricular tachycardia requiring electrical cardioversion. Postcardioversion ECG showed right bundle branch block, while an echocardiogram revealed an ejection fraction of 20% and a dilated right ventricle. Cardiac MRI produced suboptimal images because the patient was having frequent arrhythmias. The rest of the work up, including coronary angiography, was unremarkable. Given the dilated right ventricle, we suspected arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and discharged the patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. 1 week later, he was readmitted with cardiogenic shock; endomyocardial biopsy revealed giant cell myocarditis (GCM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the seventh case report of GCM described in a patient with OM. We recommend that clinicians maintain a high degree of suspicion for GCM in patients with OM presenting with cardiac problems.
Sexually transmitted diseases in blacks.

The dermatologic findings indicative of STDs are invaluable clues to accurate diagnosis. The sexual consorts of confirmed and suspected STD patients must be promptly evaluated and treated of disease spread is to be curtailed. It is important to remember that some patients will present with more than one STD (Fig. 36). Sexually transmitted diseases in black patients may be atypical or exaggerated because of the host's unique tissue response. Every patient should be counseled regarding "safer sex."
Issue Voting in U.S. Senate Elections: The Abortion Issue in 1990

Most studies of Senate elections have used aggregate data to examine the sources of electoral success. These studies have shown that incumbency, challenger quality, and candidate spending are important sources of electoral outcomes. Yet research also suggests that issues matter in Senate elections. In this study, we show that the abortion issue was an important source of vote choice in some of the 1990 Senate elections.
Managerial work in the realm of the digital universe: The role of the data triad

Abstract With the explosion of the digital universe, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how organizational decision making (i.e., the business-oriented perspective) is intertwined with an understanding of enterprise data assets (i.e., the data-oriented perspective). This article first compares the business- and data-oriented perspectives to describe how the two views mesh with each other. It then presents three elements in the data-oriented perspective that are collectively referred to as the data triad: (1) use, (2) design and storage, and (3) processes and people. In describing the data triad, this article highlights practices, architectural techniques, and example tools that are used to manage, access, analyze, and deliver data. By presenting different elements of the data-oriented perspective, this article broadly and concretely describes the data triad and how it can play a role in the redefined scope of work for data-driven business managers.
Internal phosphorus loading contributions from deposited and resuspended sediment to the Lake of the Woods

James WF. 2017. Internal phosphorus loading contributions from deposited and resuspended sediment to the Lake of the Woods. Lake Reserv Manage. 33:347–359.The Lake of the Woods exhibits cyanobacter...
Managing Teams from a Distance: Making the Most of Virtual Meetings

This technical note is a meta-analysis of some of the issues involving the management of virtual teams. Managing people who are geographically dispersed across time, space, and organizational boundaries requires team leaders who are able to communicate effectively and navigate interpersonal relationships. This requires an understanding of team dynamics, how to create a virtual team culture, and what works best when managing from a distance. The successful virtual tam leader knows what it takes to create and sustain high-performing teams, whether people are working in separate, remote locations or in the same corporate workplace. Excerpt UVA-BC-0255 Dec. 11, 2014 MANAGING TEAMS FROM A DISTANCE: MAKING THE MOST OF VIRTUAL MEETINGS The Economist Intelligence Unit's “Foresight 2020” research report outlines five key trends in business for the next 15 years. Of these, three trends—globalization, atomization, and knowledge management—will have a significant effect on the structure, functioning, and distribution of teams within and across boundaries. As organizations become global and cater more to worldwide markets, the prevalence of multicultural and geographically dispersed teams will increase, especially as work gets broken down into more granular units to be managed and delivered by specialist teams or individuals. Atomization will enable firms to “use the world as their supply base for talent and materials…As a result, effective collaboration will become more important.” At the same time, many see the future value of their organizations becoming closely linked to the knowledge they can leverage—knowledge that is frequently an amalgam of individual experience, behavior, and understanding. Managing people who are geographically dispersed across time, space, and organizational boundaries requires team leaders who are able to communicate effectively and both understand and navigate interpersonal relationships. A 1964 Harvard Business School study noted that a successful leader “is able to communicate, to make sound decisions, and to get things done with and through people”—advice that is equally sound for today's virtual team leader. The virtual team leader of today needs to understand team dynamics, how to create a virtual team culture, and what works best when managing from a distance. . . .
In the Spirit of Otsuzure

Heavily patched and mended boro garments from Japan characterize extreme methods of frugality employed to sustain garments over lifetimes. Indigenous Japanese otsuzure (workwear) were examined for clues to efficient material usage, aesthetics of wear, and methods of reuse that may be applied to sustainable contemporary apparel. Principles of wabi-sabi guided the composition of rustic, slightly damaged materials into seemingly simple garment shapes. They integrate clean structures with adaptable fit, plus a collar and pockets. Sashiko stitches reinforce fragile areas. The minimal form of the top is uncontrived; a natural reflection of a solitary rectangle of cloth cut to eliminate all waste while balancing perfectly from the shoulders. The cut of the mompe, led to improved material efficiency and fit, and an unusual pocket composition. A blend of hand and machine technologies integrates function and craft into wearable garments that transcend fast fashion trendsâ€”and contribute alternative methods to patternmaking and pocket design.
1-D calcium, 2-D zinc and 3-D manganese coordination polymers derived from pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid

Abstract Three coordination polymers were synthesized from pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid (H 4 pztc) in combination with calcium, zinc and manganese ions under hydrothermal conditions and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, powdered X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. Structure 1 , {(Ca(H 2 pztc)(H 2 O) 3 ) n , crystallizes as 1-D chains, with the partially deprotonated ligand in –O,N,O– coordination mode and with the Ca atoms in an uncommon nine coordinate environment. Structure 2 , {Zn1(pztc)(H 2 O) 2 Zn2(H 2 O) 4 } n , is an infinite, 2-D coordination network that contains two nonequivalent Zn atoms, each with octahedral geometry, and the fully deprotonated pztc 4− in bis -bridging chelating coordination mode. The stacked 2-D layers are stabilized by extensive inter-layer water-carboxylate hydrogen-bonding with an inter-layer distance of 4.9 A. Structure 3, {(Mn 2 (pztc)(H 2 O) 2 )} n , is a covalently bonded 3-D network containing two nonequivalent Mn atoms, each with octahedral geometry, and the fully deprotonated pztc 4− units. Structure 3 exhibits paramagnetic behavior at room temperature, and weak antiferromagnetic properties at very low temperature, which is consistent with their nearest Mn…Mn separation distance of 4.9 A.
Cosmic negotiations: Cahokian religion and Ramey Incised pottery in the northern hinterland

Cahokia’s cultural influence altered patterns of social organization throughout the Midwest, and this complex historical process warrants further interregional research. Ramey Incised jars were cos...
Design and optimization of dual-spot size optical systems for medical lasers

In this work we report on the development and optimization of a compact, single-handle, and multi-spot size laser system for medical hair removal, with the ability to change the output spot size from rectangular 24×32 mm2 to elliptical 7×11 mm2 while introducing minimal device size and energy loss. The design employs two sets of optical components to guide the laser beam and shape it to give users optimal output. The spot size change is achieved by utilizing opto-mechanical switch. The development of the system was carried out using industry-standard ray tracing code, to ensure the desired spot size and profile within the recommended work distance. Modeling results were corroborated by experimental implementation of the system in the lab with excellent results agreement. Energy losses were minimized by beam shaping and optimally designed apertures. Spot intensity calculations were conducted and modifications were applied to the system to avoid over exposure and to normalize the output power for both spot sizes. These results will be followed by a structural study aiming towards the development and design of the final product package.
Response of supraoculomotor area neurons during combined saccade-vergence movements.

Research into combined saccade-vergence movements has so far focused on exploring the saccadic neural circuitry, leading to diverging hypotheses regarding the role of the vergence system in this be...