cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neotectonics of the San Cayetano fault, Transverse Ranges, California

Study of late Quaternary alluvial deposits cut by the San Cayetano reverse fault indicates that the dip-slip rate of faulting increases from 1.05 ± 0.2 mm/yr at Sisar Creek near the western end of the fault eastward to 1.35 ± 0.4 mm/ yr at Bear Canyon and 2.35 ± 0.55 to 4.15 ± 0.85 mm/yr at Mud Creek. At Timber Canyon near the central part of the fault, a minimum slip rate of 3.6 ± 0.4 mm/yr is suggested by fanhead segmentation; however, a higher slip rate of 8.75 ± 1.95 mm/yr is suggested by stratigraphic evidence. Stratigraphic separation of 7.5 km in less than 1 m.y. across the fault between Fillmore and Piru indicates a slip rate of at least 7.5 mm/yr for the eastern section of the fault. Recent activity is shown by faulted Holocene or latest Pleistocene fan alluvium and colluvium at Bear Canyon and the Silverthread oil field, respectively, and inferred at Timber Canyon by fanhead deposition. Active folding of the footwall is demonstrated by tilted and faulted Holocene and Pleistocene alluvial fans: present tilt rates approach 1°/10 ka yr, and associated bedding plane faulting rates are about 0.5 to 1.5 mm/yr. The hanging wall, however, does not appear to be involved in active deformation, inasmuch as Pleistocene deposits as old as several hundred thousand years are not tilted or affected by bedding-plane faulting. The only exception is in the Silverthread field area, where hanging-wall deformation is directly relatable to fault geometry, not folding of the hanging-wall rocks. The lack of documented moderate- to large-magnitude historical earthquakes on this fault is in strong contrast with its demonstrated late Quaternary activity. Based on its length, slip rate, overall geometry, and segmentation into two parts, a recurrence interval of between 200 and 600 yr for the western segment and about 230 yr for the eastern segment is suggested.
Laser scanning confocal microscopy of comet material in aerogel

We report nondestructive three-dimensional imaging and analysis techniques for material returned by the Stardust cometary collector. Our technique utilizes three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscopy (3D LSCM) to image whole Stardust tracks, in situ, with attainable resolutions <90 nm/pixel edge. LSCM images illustrate track morphology and fragmentation history; image segmentation techniques provide quantifiable volumetric and dynamic measurements. We present a method for multipart image acquisition and registration in 3D. Additionally, we present a 3D deconvolution method for aerogel, using a theoretically calculated point spread function for first-order corrections of optical aberrations induced by light diffraction and refractive index mismatches. LSCM is a benchtop technique and is an excellent alternative to synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography for optically transparent media. Our technique, developed over the past 2 years, is a noninvasive, rapid technique for fine-scale imaging of high value returned samples from the Stardust mission, as well as various other samples from the geosciences.
Electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of β-carotene, α-tocopherol and their oxidation products

The biological antioxidants α-tocopherol, 1, and β-carotene, 4, and products of their antioxidant reactions are potentially important indicators of biological antioxidant status and functions. Electron capture by compounds 1 and 4 and their oxidation products yields intense molecular anions with little fragmentation. Collision-induced dissociation of the molecular anions was studied by linked-scaning (B/E = constant) on a reverse-geometry magnetic-sector mass spectrometer. Both 1 and 4 and their products undergo extensive diagnostic cleavages of their hydrocarbon chains, apparently via charge-remote fragmentation. Electron capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry appears uniquely suited to structure identification studies of antioxidants and their oxidation products. This methodology is used to identify oxidation products of 1 and 4 from a model biological membrane system subjected to peroxyl radical attack.
Radiographic Identification of the Primary Posterolateral Knee Structures

BackgroundIt is often difficult to identify the attachment sites of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament for chronic posterolateral knee injuries or during revision surgeries. Descriptions of radiographic landmarks for these attachment sites would assist in the intraoperative identification of their locations and also allow for postoperative assessment of the placement of reconstruction tunnels.HypothesisIdentification of qualitative and quantitative radiographic landmarks for the attachments of the main posterolateral knee structures are reproducible among observers of various experience levels and allow for improved intraoperative and postoperative identification of these attachment sites.Study DesignDescriptive laboratory study.MethodsDissections were performed on 11 cadaveric knee specimens. The attachments and locations of the investigated structures were labeled with radiopaque markers. The positions of the attachments relative to other attachment sites, la...
Vanishing Trials and Summary Judgment in Federal Civil Cases: Drifting Toward Bethlehem or Gomorrah?

This article explores summary judgment from historical, empirical, and normative perspectives. It demonstrates that, because Rule 56 as promulgated in 1938 represented a radical transformation of the device, the members of the Advisory Committee had no reliable basis for predicting the consequences of their work had they been inclined to do so, and that in any event the image they projected of that work was tethered to the past. Because existing empirical studies of summary judgment based on reported decisions are unreliable, the article analyzes published studies that rely on data from court files, and it presents new such data for fiscal years 2000–2003 in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The article finds that there is sufficiently reliable evidence to believe that the rate of case termination as a result of summary judgment rose substantially from 1960 to 2000, with one plausible (and perhaps conservative) range being from ca. 1.8 percent to ca. 7.7 percent. It also finds evidence that the termination and other activity rates vary, sometimes dramatically, among courts and case types. The latter possibility deserves additional empirical, doctrinal, and normative inquiry since it is reminiscent of experience under Rule 11 in the period 1983–1993 and thus, if confirmed, would prompt serious questions of procedural policy and, ultimately, of equal justice under law.
Malaria Parasites Produce Volatile Mosquito Attractants

ABSTRACT The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains a nonphotosynthetic plastid organelle that possesses plant-like metabolic pathways. Plants use the plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway to produce volatile odorants, known as terpenes. In this work, we describe the volatile chemical profile of cultured malaria parasites. Among the identified compounds are several plant-like terpenes and terpene derivatives, including known mosquito attractants. We establish the molecular identity of the odorant receptors of the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae, which responds to these compounds. The malaria parasite produces volatile signals that are recognized by mosquitoes and may thereby mediate host attraction and facilitate transmission. IMPORTANCE Malaria is a key global health concern. Mosquitoes that transmit malaria are more attracted to malaria parasite-infected mammalian hosts. These studies aimed to understand the chemical signals produced by malaria parasites; such an understanding may lead to new transmission-blocking strategies or noninvasive malaria diagnostics.
Mitochondrial Superoxide Radicals Differentially Affect Muscle Activity and Neural Function

Cellular superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)) are mostly generated during mitochondrial oxygen metabolism. O(2)(-) serves as the raw material for many reactive oxygen species (ROS) members like H(2)O(2) and OH(.-) radicals following its catalysis by superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and also by autocatalysis (autodismutation) reactions. Mitochondrial ROS generation could have serious implications on degenerative diseases. In model systems overproduction of mitochondrial O(2)(-) resulting from the loss of SOD2 function leads to movement disorders and drastic reduction in life span in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. With the help of a mitochondrial SOD2 loss-of-function mutant, Sod2(n283), we measured the sensitivity of muscles and neurons to ROS attack. Neural outputs from flight motor neurons and sensory neurons were unchanged in Sod2(n283) and the entire neural circuitry between the giant fiber (GF) and the dorsal longitudinal muscles (DLM) showed no overt defect due to elevated ROS. Such insensitivity of neurons to mitochondrial superoxides was further established through neuronal expression of SOD2, which failed to improve survival or locomotive ability of Sod2(n283). On the other hand, ultrastructural analysis of Sod2(n283) muscles revealed fewer mitochondria and reduced muscle ATP production. By targeting the SOD2 expression to the muscle we demonstrate that the early mortality phenotype of Sod2(n283) can be ameliorated along with signs of improved mobility. In summary, muscles appear to be more sensitive to superoxide attack relative to the neurons and such overt phenotypes observed in SOD2-deficient animals can be directly attributed to the muscle.
A case description of speech disturbance and treatment following corrective surgery for stress velopharyngeal incompetence

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a motor learning guided (MLG) approach to speech treatment in a unique case of speech disturbance following surgery for stress velopharyngeal incompetence (SVPI). The patient was a 20-year-old female college student. Treatment took place over 6 sessions and focused on eliciting productions through a hierarchy of clinician support, with an emphasis on self-evaluation and -correction. Acoustic measurements and ratings from the treating clinician and unfamiliar listeners revealed a speech disturbance following surgery that was corrected following speech treatment. The patient’s main difficulty appeared to be in producing the vocalic/postvocalic approximant, /r/, although vowel distortions were also noted. These difficulties may be explained by the structural alteration and formation of scar tissue as a result of surgery. The results provide initial support for an MLG approach to treating an acquired speech disturbance following SVPI surg...
Measurement selection for on-line estimation of nonlinear wave models for high purity distillation columns

Nonlinear wave models are commonly used to provide a reduced-order description of distillation column dynamics. Due to the simplified model structure, on-line parameter estimation is typically required for satisfactory prediction of column performance. In this paper an approach for selecting stage composition/temperature measurements for on-line estimation of wave model parameters is presented. We focus on high purity distillation columns which are particularly challenging due to the presence of highly pinched composition profiles. The proposed method provides a compromise between two competing effects, the sensitivity of stage composition predictions to model parameters and collinearities between these sensitivities. An iterative calculation procedure based on a scaled sensitivity matrix yields a ranking of the stage compositions according to their usefulness for parameter estimation. Two high purity column simulators are used to illustrate the measurement selection procedure and the subsequent design of nonlinear state/parameter estimators using the extended Kalman filtering approach. The proposed method is shown to be more flexible than a conventional measurement selection technique based on singular value decomposition.
29. Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

This chapter focuses on four categories of diseases that may be treated with therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): (1) common bile duct stones, (2) malignancy of pancreatic or biliary origin, (3) pancreatitis, and (4) abdominal pain of possible pancreaticobiliary origin. It also details methods of endoscopic sphincterotomy, defines determinants of complications from ERCP, and describes the use of ERCP to manage postoperative biliary leaks, traumatic injury to the pancreas, and benign bile duct strictures. The chapter is intended to provide a solid foundation in the understanding of therapeutic ERCP for the novice surgical endoscopist.
How far can you get with a modern face recognition test set using only simple features

In recent years, large databases of natural images have become increasingly popular in the evaluation of face and object recognition algorithms. However, Pinto et al. previously illustrated an inherent danger in using such sets, showing that an extremely basic recognition system, built on a trivial feature set, was able to take advantage of low-level regularities in popular object and face recognition sets, performing on par with many state-of-the-art systems. Recently, several groups have raised the performance “bar” for these sets, using more advanced classification tools. However, it is difficult to know whether these improvements are due to progress towards solving the core computational problem, or are due to further improvements in the exploitation of low-level regularities. Here, we show that even modest optimization of the simple model introduced by Pinto et al. using modern multiple kernel learning (MKL) techniques once again yields “state-of-the-art” performance levels on a standard face recognition set (“labeled faces in the wild”). However, at the same time, even with the inclusion of MKL techniques, systems based on these simple features still fail on a synthetic face recognition test that includes more “realistic” view variation by design. These results underscore the importance of building test sets focussed on capturing the central computational challenges of real-world face recognition.
Pharmacokinetics/Dynamics of Corticosteroids

The corticosteroids are important immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory agents used in treatment of numerous pathophysiologic conditions. Their therapeutic use is complicated by numerous adverse effects when used chronically and there is considerable empiricism in selecting appropriate doses.
Sitting on top of the world: The Grateful Dead say goodbye

The irascible rock impresario Bill Graham once paid the Grateful Dead a compliment that itself became legendary: that the Dead are “not the best at what they do; they’re the only ones who do what t...
Creating Biomedical Ontologies Using mOntage

The growing volume of biomedical data available on the Web has contributed to numerous scientific advancements. At the same time, the complex, versatile and disparate nature of the data can overburden the knowledge discovery and data-driven hypothesis generation by scientists. Ontologies have been proposed to address the data integration challenge, however, creating useful domain-specific ontologies and populating them with high quality instances is tedious and time-consuming. In this paper, we present the mOntage framework to rapidly create ontologies representing data in a specific area of interest. We show how the mOntage framework can be used to create and populate biomedical ontologies from existing data sources. The classes and properties of the ontology being created are mapped to and instantiated from the existing data sources by executing suitable SPARQL queries. We illustrate our framework by creating a Phosphatase Ontology and show how it can serve as an important source of knowledge in the area of phosphatases.
Surgery and anesthesia in sickle cell disease. Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Diseases

From 1978 to 1988, The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease observed 3,765 patients with a mean follow-up of 5.3 +/- 2.0 years. One thousand seventy-nine surgical procedures were conducted on 717 patients (77% sickle cell anemia [SS], 14% sickle hemoglobin C disease [SC], 5.7% S beta zero thalassemia, 3% S beta zero + thalassemia). Sixty-nine percent had a single procedure, 21% had two procedures, and the remaining 11% had more than two procedures during the study follow-up. The most frequent procedure was abdominal surgery for cholecystectomy or splenectomy (24% of all surgical procedures, N = 258). Of these, 93% received blood transfusion, and there was no association between preoperative hemoglobin A level and complication rates (except reduction in pain crisis). Overall mortality within 30 days of a surgical procedure was 1.1% (12 deaths after 1,079 surgical procedures). Three deaths were considered to be related to the surgical procedure and/or anesthesia (0.3%). No deaths were reported in patients younger than 14 years of age. Sickle cell diseases (SCD)-related complications after surgery were more frequent in SS patients who received regional compared with general anesthesia (adjusted for risk level of the surgical procedure, patient age, and preoperative transfusion status, P = .058). Non-SCD-related postoperative complications were higher in both SS and SC patients who received regional compared with those who received general anesthesia (P =.095). Perioperative transfusion was associated with a lower rate of SCD-related postoperative complications for SS patients undergoing low-risk procedures (P = .006, adjusted for age and type of anesthesia), with crude rated of 12.9% without transfusion compared with 4.8% with transfusion. In SC patients, preoperative transfusion was beneficial for all surgical risk levels (P = .009). Thus, surgical procedures can be performed safely in patients with SCD.
Cover Crop Impact on Nitrogen Availability and Dry Bean in an Organic System

329 Dry edible bean crops are grown in several regions of the United States. Th e top producing states based on hectares harvested in 2013 were: North Dakota (33%), Michigan (13%), and Idaho (9%) (USDA-NASS, 2014a). Michigan is the second largest producer of navy bean and the largest producer of black bean in the United States (USDA-NASS, 2014b). Under conventional dry bean production, producers typically treat seeds with insecticides and/ or fungicides and both preand post-emergence herbicides are used to control weeds. Furthermore, though dry bean is a legume, 45 kg N ha–1 or more is applied at planting in conventional systems as N fi xation is not as effi cient in dry bean as in other legumes, such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (George and Singleton, 1992). Demand for organically produced dry bean has been on the rise in recent years both within the United States and abroad. Michigan was the top organic dry bean producing state in 2011, with 33% of the total organic area harvested (USDAERS, 2013). Producing a quality dry bean crop without the use of synthetic amendments and pesticides presents unique challenges for organic growers, especially when it comes to soil fertility, pest management (i.e., insects, diseases, and weeds) and bean cultivar selection. Cover crops are one possible solution to address soil fertility and some pest management issues in the production of organic dry bean. Cover crops can impact soil fertility, specifi cally N availability, through nutrient scavenging (Sainju et al., 1998; O’Reilly et al., 2012) and N fi xation by leguminous cover crops (Stivers and Shennan, 1991; Sainju and Singh, 2001). Th e magnitude and timeframe over which cover crops alter soil inorganic N is dependent on many factors, including environment and climate, soil characteristics (soil composition), cover crop characteristics (composition and growth stage) and management practices (crop rotation, tillage, etc.) (Wagger et al., 1998; Dabney et al., 2010). Two commonly grown cover crops in the Midwest are medium red clover and cereal rye because the seed is readily available and relatively inexpensive. Medium red clover is typically interseeded into, or planted following, a small-grain the year before corn (Zea mays L.) is planted, whereas cereal rye is most oft en planted between corn and soybean or dry bean. Organic Agriculture & Agroecology
Correlation between Rotter's I-E scale and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility under three sets of instructions.

While there has been little success in finding personality characteristics which are related to hypnosis, the search continues. Recently Young, Pilling, and Dunn ( 1973) using Rotter's (1966) Internal-External (I-E) Locus of Control Scale found that internally controlled Ss (I-E score 6 or lower) scored higher and were more consistent hypnotic Ss than externally controlled Ss (I-E score 10 or higher) under two sets of instructions. The first set of instructions informed S that success in hypnosis depends largely on S's willingness and cooperation, while the second set specified that success depended on the hypnotist's ability. Internals scored moderately high (Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form A) for both sets of instructions. While externals also scored moderately high on the instructions specifying S's responsibility, they scored significantly lower when told that success depended on the hypnotist. These results are consistent with Shor, Orne, and O'Connell's (1962) suggestion that Ss of low susceptibility when encountering hypnosis are more influenced by situational variables, such as instructions. Moreover, the Young, et al. study points to the possibility of a relationship between the internal-external locus of control personality characteristic and hypnotic susceptibility. The present research sought to explore this possibility further. Whereas Young, et al. did not use Ss scoring in the middle range of the locus of control variable (Ss scoring 7 to 9 on the I-E scale were excluded), this research explored the relationship between hypnotic susceptibility and the full range of scores of the I-E scale under three sets of instructions (one neutral set and the two sets used in the Young, et al. study). Three undergraduate psychology classes (designated Groups 1, 2, and 3) were administered the Rotter I-E scale. Following this, all groups were administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility on audio-tape. The procedure was the same for all groups with the exception that prior to the hypnotic administration for Groups 1 and 2, the instructions administered by Young, et al. were followed exactly: Group 1 was told hypnosis depends on the hypnotist, Group 2 was told hypnosis depended on Ss ability. Group 3 was read only the instructions found in the tesr manual. The results showed very little relationship between locus of control and susceptibility to hypnosis as indicated by Pearson product-moment correlation. The values were for Group 1 (hypnotist's ability in instructions) n = 26, r = .lo; Group 2 (S's ability in instructions) n = 40, T = .16; Group 3 (manual's instructions) n = 33, r = .18. These results indicated that over the total range of I-E scores and under three sets of instructions locus of control had little relationship to S's ability to become hypnotized. It may be that the locus of control variable affects ability to be hypnotized only for extreme scorers (high external-high internal).
Optimization of GaN Barriers During the Growth of InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells at Low Temperature

InGaN/GaN MQWs are grown on c-plane sapphire substrates using a low pressure metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) system. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), Triethylgallium (TEGa), Trimethylindium (TMIn) and ammonia were used as precursors for Ga, In and N, respectively and the growths were carried out at low temperature. Structural properties of grown MQWs are characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction technique (XRD) is used to calculate the Indium incorporation in these MQWs. Surface morphologies over large areas of InGaN/GaN MQWs are observed using the tapping mode AFM; results indicate the surface roughness depends on the barrier thickness. Density of V- defects, effect of barrier width on the surface morphology and also on V-defect density will be presented and discussed.
Heart Failure in South Asian Population

Heart Failure (HF) is one of the major cardiovascular syndromes that is increasing in prevalence throughout the world and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is overwhelming evidence that heart failure is an epidemic in South Asians with higher rates of hospitalizations and increased morbidity compared to other ethnic groups, particularly White. Current data demonstrate that South Asians with heart failure are predominantly younger than patients of other ethnic background. Advances in understanding of heart failure over the past two decades have led to important advances in therapy. Despite these advances, there is limited information available on the exact prevalence, incidence, evidence-based management, and mortality associated with heart failure in South Asians. This clearly underscores the need for further research in this particularly vulnerable population to better understand this syndrome of heart failure and to help formulate guidelines for appropriate management of heart failure in South Asians. This chapter outlines the key points of heart failure syndrome in South Asians including risk factors, diagnosis and management options in this population.
Different Schemes of the Water Transfer on the Water Bloom in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River

In order to evaluate,the effects of the middle route of China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project (mr-snwtp) on the water bloom in the middle-down stream of Hanjiang River, according to the analyzed conclusions about the reasons and key factors of Hanjiang's water bloom, the probability of Hanjiang's water bloom was analyzed qualitatively. The probability of Hanjiang's water bloom was calculated quantitatively by applying dynamic model of eutrophication and stochastic analogy method. The results indicate that the probability of water bloom in Hanjiang River will increase when the 82 × 108 m3 scheme and 145 × 108 m3 scheme of mr-snwtp are implemented, but the diversion project from the Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River will markedly decrease the probability of water bloom in Hanjiang river. The water pollution control of Hanjiang River itself is the most basic measure to reduce the probability of Hanjiang's water bloom. The joint regulation of Danjiangkou reservoir increasing discharge and Three Gorge power station decreasing discharge in drought period will reduce the probability of Hanjiang's water bloom.
An evaluation of oil pollution prevention strategies in the Arctic: A comparison of Canadian and U.S. approaches

Abstract While the Arctic is often described as a cohesive region, there is great regime diversity across Arctic states. What factors influence regime diversity in the Arctic and how does that diversity impact users and coastal states? Recognizing the Arctic regime as the intersection of overlapping governance systems, this research compares two regions: the Northwest Passage, Canada and the Bering Strait, USA, applying principles of Most Similar System Design (MSSD). The two regions are parts of a common waterway, now more accessible as a result of diminished sea ice. The paper explores the similarities and differences between the two oil pollution control regimes and investigates the relationship between prevention and response measures in each regime. The Canadian oil pollution control regime is characterized by a large number of measures designed to prevent spills while the U.S. regime features measures intended to assure adequate response to spills. States most able to develop a preventative framework are those with strict legal authority and sovereign rights over their maritime regions. Moreover, states whose national identities are strongly tied to particular regions may be more likely to enact protective measures. The U.S. is dependent on international pollution control instruments in the Bering Strait given the shared jurisdiction of the waterway. Canada operates in accord with its claim that the Northwest Passage are internal waters and has enacted a unilateral pollution control regime. These differences underscore that, absent broader international agreements than exist at present, Arctic waters are likely to remain a patchwork of regulatory regimes.
An investigation of destructive leadership in a Division I intercollegiate athletic department: Follower perceptions and reactions:

Recent events in intercollegiate athletic department organizational cultures demonstrate the need to examine the experiences of personnel who serve in a toxic leadership culture. The purpose of thi...
Office diagnosis of congenital malformations of the heart. II.

In part 1 of this discussion, published last month, the authors discussed acyanotic malformations including ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, and aortic coarctation. The cyanotic entities described in part 2 include tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, tricuspid atresia, and Ebstein's anomaly.
Exploring Business - IT Nexus: Make the Most of IT-Enabled Capabilities

Increasingly the business success and economic opportunities steadily depend on IT-enabled capabilities and IT-driven business transformations. The strategic alignment of IT capabilities to organizational business strategy, as content and processes, ensures further IT governance to seize opportunities for improvements and to maximize revenue. Utilizing a well deliberated framework -Operating model, Enterprise architecture, and IT engagement model- the paper explores the impact of emerging technologies on the alignment process. Currently, companies across the globe are going through a very disruptive technology development: Consumerization of IT. Consumerization of IT, along with workforce mobility, reliable, accessible and affordable remote computing, are forcefully reshaping the corporate IT lanscape, affecting the relationship between enterprise IT, knowledge workers, corporate users, and consumers. The paper confers the impact of these trends on the IT domain and specifically emphasizes on the dynamic forces interlinking IT capabilities with the business agility, growth and asset utilization.
Philosophical Conceptions of Justice

In this chapter I intend to discuss, primarily, those theories of justice referred to in the last chapter as liberal, libertarian and socialist. This is because these are the prime modern examples of what, towards the end of the last chapter, I characterized as rationalistic theories. As one would expect, these also happen to be the theories whose main preoccupation in the context of justice is what, in Chapter 1, I called the narrow sense of ‘social justice’, dealing primarily with questions of fair distribution of economic and political goods in society. As a useful prelude to the discussion of these theories, however, I include a brief reference to Aristotle. This is only partly because his views on justice can be safely regarded as of the rationalistic type, appealing as they do, not to any transcendental reality but to common-sense or human reason in decisions concerning questions of justice. This might have been enough of a reason for the inclusion of Aristotle here. But there are also two additional, but related, reasons. One of them is that it is to Aristotle that we owe some of our very important technical vocabulary and maxims relating to justice. But secondly, and more importantly, some of his distinctions and maxims, although formulated a long time ago, still have relevance, even if only as starting points; and references to Aristotle even by modern theorists of justice are not infrequent.
Investigation of a novel subarray nullsteering technique for distributed random arrays

This paper presents a new approach to phased array null-steering using randomly distributed antenna arrays. Classically, null-steering is done by applying adaptive amplitude tapers along individual phased array elements; however, this can be difficult and cumbersome to apply in a distributed system. To achieve the same effect, we propose a novel method which employs parasitic subarrays of circular topologies to precisely place nulls in specified directions of interest. Unlike typical adaptive beamforming algorithms, this process does not require the estimation of second order statistical metrics or knowledge of precise element placement; rather, it utilizes a shared aperture approach to generate null beams simultaneously. The analysis that proceeds examines the mean radiation pattern and mean distributions from finite element models to demonstrate the steering capability. The results show that shell annular and circular annular subarrays of the spherical random array composed of monopole elements steer deep nulls in precise increments.
Pediatric Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria and Classification

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is defined by the presence of elevated intracranial pressure in the context of normal brain parenchyma and normal cytologic and chemical analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid. The presenting signs and symptoms of PTCS are various and usually include headache, papilledema, and visual disturbances (e.g., vision loss, double vision). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, which is the primary form of PTCS, generally affects postpubertal overweight women of childbearing age. Secondary PTCS refers to a clinical diagnosis of PTCS attributable to one or more of a variety of identifiable causes, including venous sinus thrombosis, medications, and medical conditions other than obesity alone. The diverse clinical spectrum of pediatric PTCS is becoming increasingly recognized and recent research in this field is aiming to identify a common pathophysiology. We hereby review the recent diagnostic criteria and classification of pediatric PTCS.
Association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and memory function in nondemented older adults.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) seropositivity may be associated with decreased memory in older adults. To further investigate the association between T. gondii seropositivity and memory in non-demented older adults, we obtained serum samples from 114 non-demented older adults evaluated by the Alzheimer’s Disease and Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis Missouri, USA. We determined T. gondii seropositivity and anti-T. gondii IgG antibody titer and examined associations with memory function while controlling for socioeconomic status, education level, age, and apolipoprotein E4 status. There were few associations between T. gondii seropositivity or anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and memory, although there was some support suggesting an interaction between anti-T. gondii and sex. In the seropositive-only sample, there was an inverse relationship between anti-T. gondii titer and performance on the selective reminding test. Overall, we found little evidence of an association between impaired memory function and T. gondii seropositivity and anti-T gondii IgG antibodies in this sample of non-demented older adults.
Autotuning of Fixed Regulators Using Adaptive Control Techniques

Abstract A method for autotuning fixed regulators of arbitrary structure has been developed. A process model is identified under closed loop conditions with a minimum of process upset. The identification is completely automatic with the magnitude of the process perturbation and final shutdown determined internally based upon the continuous estimate of the signal to noise ratio. Controller tuning parameters are established from a closed loop simulation using the identified process model. The tuning parameter calculation includes a weighting factor on the manipulated variable designed to produce varying degrees of damping in the closed loop response. Plant applications in a pulp and paper plant are described.
A comparative design and performance study of a non-isolated DC-DC buck converter based on Si-MOSFET/Si-Diode, SiC-JFET/SiC-schottky diode, and GaN-transistor/SiC-Schottky diode power devices

Conventional silicon (Si) based power devices are commonly used in industrial battery charging applications. In most cases, fast switching operation is desired in such applications in order to have a compact power converter system in terms of size and weight, while in contrast, it drives for large switching losses. The maturity of wide bandgap (WBG) technology provides enormous opportunities to ameliorate fast switching capabilities, high blocking voltage abilities, and high temperature operating conditions for power devices. This paper presents a comparative design and performance study of a non-isolated dc-dc buck converter based on three combinations of power devices: Si-MOSFET/Si-diode, SiC-JFET/SiC-Schottky diode, and GaN-transistor/SiC-Schottky diode for industrial applications. Characterization of the switching behavior of each power device and evaluation of switching energy losses are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the overall converter efficiency at high switching operations as well as with a wide operating range of input voltages, and the converter power density to size ratio are studied and reported. Results are shown that the GaN-transistor/SiC-Schottky diode and SiC-JFET/SiC-Schottky diode based converters exhibit significant lower switching energy losses and less total converter power loss, and thus a more efficient performance compared to the Si-MOSFET/Si-diode based converter. Through the analysis performed, it is shown that the hybrid combination of the GaN-transistor/SiC-Schottky diode followed by the SiC-JFET/SiC-Schottky diode combination are the most robust options for a high performance, high power density with smaller size non-isolated dc-dc buck converter for harsh operating conditions.
Killing the password, part 1: An exploratory analysis of walking signatures

For over 50 years, the password has been a frequently used, yet relatively ineffective security mechanism for user authentication. The ubiquitous smartphone is a compact suite of sensors, computation, and network connectivity that corporations are beginning to embrace under BYOD (bring your own device). In this paper, we hypothesize that each of us has a unique “walking signature” that a smartphone can recognize and use to provide passive, continuous authentication. This paper describes the exploratory data analysis of a small, cross-sectional, empirical study of users' walking signatures as observed by a smartphone. We then describe an identity management system that could use a walking signature as a means to passively and continuously authenticate a user and manage complex passwords to improve security.
The colonic neobladder.

SUMMARY The neobladder is an excellent form of urinary diversion after cystoprostatectomy. Socially and psychologically, the neobladder offers the best form of urinary reconstruction in the male patient. In addition, because of the antireflux ureteral implantation, it is hoped that renal function will be preserved in the long run. Different bowel segments and configurations can be used to construct a neobladder. The colonic (detubularized sigmoid) neobladder described here is an excellent option. It is simple to construct, uncomplicated, and not time consuming. The bowel is expendable, and there are no metabolic or anatomic sequelae of using this bowel segment. In addition, the functional results are excellent, and patient satisfaction is high.
Can Word Embedding Help Term Mismatch Problem?–A Result Analysis on Clinical Retrieval Tasks

Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems assist doctors to make clinical decisions by searching for medical literature based on patients’ medical records. Past studies showed that correctly predicting patient’s diagnosis can significantly increase the performance of such clinical retrieval systems. However, our studies showed that there are still a large portion of relevant documents ranked very low due to term mismatch problem. Different to other retrieval tasks, queries issued to this clinical retrieval system have already been expanded with the most informative terms for disease prediction. It is therefore a great challenge for traditional Pseudo Relevance Feedback (PRF) methods to incorporate new informative terms from top K pseudo relevant documents. Consequently, we explore in this paper word embedding for obtaining further improvements because the word vectors were all trained on much larger collections and they can identify words that are used in similar contexts. Our study utilized test collections from the CDS track in TREC 2015, trained on 2014 data. Experiment results show that word embedding can significantly improve retrieval performance, and term mismatch problem can be largely resolved, particularly for the low ranked relevant documents. However, for highly ranked documents with less term mismatching problem, word emending’s improvement can also be replaced by a traditional language model.
Identification of mechanisms of immune regulation and exhaustion generated by tumor-derived exosomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer using the trans-vivo DTH assay.

175Background: The success of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition is clearly dependent on optimal patient selection. Developing validated biomarkers that identify patients with an increased probability of response to these antibodies remains a challenge. DTH responses are a standard method to evaluate cellular immune responses in animal and human immunotherapy trials. The trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (tvDTH) methodology, using the SCID mouse footpad swelling response to human PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) + antigen injection, and using antibodies to block the regulatory pathways, was developed in our laboratory and has been used to characterize regulation systems in tolerant transplant recipients and more recently in prostate cancer. Methods: In this pilot project we aim to investigate the mechanisms of regulatory immune responses in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving anti-cancer therapies using the tvDTH, and to correlate tvDTH results with responses to checkpoint inhibitor blockade therapy...
Assessing the Influence of No Child Left Behind on Gifted Education Funding in Texas: A Descriptive Study.

No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has defined the past 15 years of public K-12 education. An incentive structure built around adequate yearly progress created an environment that was not aligned with gif...
Treatment of Fever

The human body, as is the body of all the warm-blooded animals, is kept at a relatively constant temperature regardless of outside temperature. This is not the case with cold-blooded animals (fish, reptiles, insects, etc.) whose temperature ranges widely and corresponds closely with that of the outside environment. The human body temperature is kept warm at about 37 C. (99 F.) by complex mechanisms which are under the control of the brain. Briefly, constant temperature is maintained by a balance between heat formation and heat dissipation.
The Dynamic Roles of Cell-Surface Receptors in Melanoma Development

Cell-surface receptors on melanocytic cells change dramatically during transformation. These molecules facilitate adhesive functions and modulate growth, survival, and invasion. In this review, we focus on cadherins for cell-cell adhesion and frizzled (Fzd) receptors for growth control. Both receptors activate the â-catenin pathway, which is critical for melanocyte differentiation and melanoma progression. Cadherins are physically associated with receptor tyrosine kinases that mediate growth signals. The switch from epithelial cadherin in melanocytes to neural cadherin in melanoma cells appears to profoundly change cell-signaling partners for each cell type.
Commentary on ‘Temporality and the Structure of Physics as Human Endeavor’

At the outset, let me say that I found Father Quay’s paper a stimulating, sensitive analysis of physics as a human endeavor. The tapestry that he has woven includes many of the strands that I believe must be included in any such undertaking. I particularly welcome what I would can the Jamesian element of his analysis; he has insisted that to any sociological analysis of physics must be added a description of the varieties of experiences of the scientists themselves (“how it feels from the inside”) and that to understand the dynamics of the growth of physics, one must appreciate the function of this ‘feel’ in propelling the science forward.
Sulfur Deposition in Asia: An Assessment of the Present Situation and Future Scenarios

The management of the atmospheric environment is complicated by the fact that pollutants can be transported over long distances and across political boundaries. Through the mechanisms of long range transport chemical species emitted into the atmosphere from urban and industrial centers can be distributed over large regions and as a result such widespread pollution problems as regional elevated oxidant levels, acid deposition, and visibility impairment can occur. While the long range transport of air pollutants has been widely studied in the past decade, most of these studies have focused on the industrial areas of the western hemisphere.
A 5.8 GHz 1.77mW AFSK-OFDM CMOS Backscatter Transmitter for Low Power IoT Applications

This paper presents an AFSK-OFDM (amplitude frequency shift keying-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) based backscatter transmitter for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. The transmitter uses an array of 4 low-power direct digital frequency synthesizers (DDFSs) and DACs to transmit data using both frequency and amplitude symbols on 4 different OFDM subcarriers. The backscatter modulator is demonstrated within a 5.8 GHz wireless link using an 8-symbol OFDM library at a range of 2.7m and shown to consume 1.77 mW when operated at a symbol rate of 4MS/s (corresponds to 12 Mb/ $s$ ). The modulator chip occupies 0.45mm2of silicon area.
Treatment modalities and outcomes of Fanconi anemia patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Series of 9 cases and review of the literature

Background Fanconi anemia (FA) is associated with an increased risk of developing head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and presents a treatment dilemma due to concerns of increased toxicities from chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT). Methods We reviewed the literature on HNSCC in FA patients and report on our experience treating 9 FA patients with HNSCC. Results Surgery was generally well-tolerated and surgery alone resulted in durable local control for 2 patients. Four patients received adjuvant RT that was tolerable in most cases, although 1 patient required a treatment break and early cessation of RT. Three of the irradiated patients received concurrent cetuximab. Conclusions In patients with adverse features, adjuvant radiation with concurrent cetuximab may be feasible with careful monitoring, although local disease control is infrequent. Early detection via screening permitting a surgery-alone approach represents the best opportunity for cure in FA patients with HSNCC.