cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NIOSH research initiatives to prevent back injuries to nursing assistants, aides, and orderlies in nursing homes

Over the past 100 years, advances in nutrition, modern medicine, public health, and a multitude of public health improvements have increased the life expectancy U.S. residents. The fact that Americans are living longer has resulted in extensive growth in our elderly population and a rapid employment growth that delivered about 2 million new jobs between 1980 and 1989 in the health care workforce. The Bureau of Labor Statistics Injury and Illness Data for nursing homes rose from 10.7 to 18.6 injuries or illnesses per 100 full-time workers between 1980 and 1992. The injury and illness rates among nursing home workers are partly due to the physical stress of providing round-the-clock assistance with the basic activities of daily living, such as getting in and out of a bed or chair, as well as bathing and toileting. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting a series of research studies to identify strategies to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries to workers in nursing homes. NIOSH has funded two laboratory evaluations of resident transferring methods and one field study in an actual nursing home. The purpose of this paper is to describe the key findings from past NIOSH research initiatives and to present an overview of future research. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Development of long-acting dopamine transporter ligands as potential cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents: chiral hydroxyl-containing derivatives of 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine and 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine.

In our search for long-acting agents for the treatment of cocaine abuse, a series of optically pure hydroxylated derivatives of 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (1) and 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (2) (GBR 12909 and GBR 12935, respectively) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The enantiomers of the 2-hydroxylated analogues displayed substantial enantioselectivity. The S enantiomers displayed higher dopamine transporter (DAT) affinity and the R enantiomers were found to interact at the serotonin transporter (SERT) with higher affinity. The two-carbon spacer between the hydroxyl group and the piperazine ring was essential for enantioselectivity, and the length of the alkyl chain between the phenyl group and the piperazine ring influenced binding affinity and selectivity for the DAT and SERT. Phenylethyl analogues had a higher binding affinity for the SERT and a weaker affinity and selectivity for the DAT than the correspondin...
In vivo substitution of zinc by cobalt in carbonic anhydrase of a marine diatom

We examined the mechanism by which Co additions partially alleviate the growth limitation of marine diatoms in cultures with low Zn concentrations. Cultures of the coastal diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii were grown under low-Zn conditions and provided with low and high levels of Co. Enzyme assays and autoradiographs of electrophoresis gels of cellular proteins revealed that a large fraction of the Co is found in the main isoform of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), where most of the Zn is located. The affinity of CA for Co is lower than for Zn, and the Co-substituted enzyme is less active than the native Zn form. Comparisons of growth under different partial pressures of CO2 show that Co can ameliorate the growth of carbon-limited cultures. We conclude that Co alleviates Zn limitation via direct substitution in CA, which is important for carbon acquisition.
What Happened to Self-Actualization? Commentary on Kenrick et al. (2010)

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one of psychology's genuinely good ideas and has had a sustained impact in and out of psychology. The revision of the hierarchy by Kenrick, Griskevicius, Neuberg, and Schaller (2010, this issue) is overdue and makes an important contribution by grounding the hierarchy in modern evolutionary thought. However, we suggest that it may be premature to remove self-actualization from the hierarchy by reducing it to other needs associated with status and reproduction.
Activities of catecholamines on the rat muscle glycogenolytic (β-2) receptor

Es wird gezeigt, dass der Glykogen-Rezeptor im Rattenmuskel vom Standpunkt der Reaktion mit den Katecholaminen alsβ-2 anzusehen ist.
Use of tree aggregations in forest ecology and management

Two recent studies using tree aggregations to analyze forest age-structure stability and past forest structure are flawed. A better understanding of aggregation dynamics is needed before aggregation analysis is used in forest management.
Isotopic determinations of rhenium and osmium in meteorites by using fusion, distillation and ion-exchange separations

Abstract A stable isotope-dilution method using resonance ionization mass spectrometry is suitable for the determination of rhenium and osmium abundances and osmium isotopic composition in carbonaceous chondrites and iron meteorites. The chemical procedure involves sodium peroxide fusion, followed by distillation of osmium from sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide and subsequent anion-exchange separation of rhenium from the same solution.
Second-Chance Signal Transduction is a Model for Bacterial Flagellar Switching and Tropomyosin-Based Motility

The reversal of flagellar motion (switching) results from the interaction between a switch complex of the flagellar rotor and a torque-generating unit (motor unit) of the stator. To explain the steeply cooperative switching response to ligand, present models propose allosteric interaction between subunits of the rotor but have yet to address the reaction that stimulates a motor unit to reverse directions. An individual motor unit could exist in ground and excited states corresponding to counterclockwise and clockwise rotation, respectively. After a passing ligand-bound switch complex excites a motor unit, the independent decay rate of the excited state determines the probability that a fresh switch complex will reach the dwell site owing to the steady-state rotation of the rotor before the motor unit returns to ground state. Here, we derive an analytical expression, based on our muscle model, for the energy coupling between a switch complex and a motor unit in the stator complex of a flagellum, and demonstrate that it accounts for the cooperative switching response without the need for allostery. This analytic function becomes the Hill equation as a special case. We found that the analytical result can be reproduced by simulation if the motion of the rotor provides a motor unit with a second chance to remain excited and the outputs from multiple independent motor units are constrained to a single all-or-none event. A motor unit and switch complex represent switch and reader components of a mathematically defined signal transduction mechanism in which energy coupling is driven by steady-state and regulated by stochastic ligand binding. By homology, tropomyosin and myosin are modeled in a second chance process as reader and switch respectively. This work was supported by NSF grant MCB-0508203.
The way it will be, is: Reunion groups

Abstract The authors used a solution-oriented therapeutic group process in which substance abuse clients' projections into the future help provide a more manageable present.
New Syntheses of benzoporphyrin derivatives and analogues for use in photodynamic therapy

Abstract An efficient route for the synthesis of isomerically pure benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) is presented. To understand more about structure/activity relationships in photodynamic therapy, a series of BPD derivatives, including dimers linked with carbon-carbon bonds were also prepared. The structure of the most effective (ring A) BPD isomer ( 14 ) was confirmed by a single crystal X-ray study.
A Baseline Theory for the Design of Oil-Lubricated Centrally Pivoted Plane-Pad Thrust Bearings

A baseline theory is developed in this paper for the design of oil-lubricated centrally pivoted plane-pad thrust bearings. By focusing on the hydrodynamics generated by the viscosity-temperature effects of the lubricating oil, a mathematical model is derived with a single dimensionless parameter Wth. The nominal value of Wth is 0.1 for typical pad bearings in current industrial practice. The theory suggests two important design calculations for centrally pivoted plane-pad bearings: (1) The minimum oil film thickness in the bearing is about 0.65 of the film thickness determined using the classical isothermal lubrication theory with the pad pivoted at the maximum-load optimum location. Thus, by setting the film thickness to 1.54 times the design requirement, one may carry out design selections and calculations using the classical theory. (2) The friction in the bearing is about 1.7 times the value determined using the classical theory at the maximum-load optimum condition and with the film thickness equal to the design requirement. Thus, one may also use the classical theory to meaningfully calculate the friction and power loss in the centrally pivoted plane-pad bearing systems. The theory is developed based on fundamental lubrication science, order of magnitude analyses of the assumptions, and supporting evidence from numerical literature case studies. It would be a conservative baseline theory for the bearing design as other complicated and/or incidental mechanisms would help provide a design factor of safety.
Community detection: Topological vs. topical

Abstract The evolution of the Web has promoted a growing interest in social network analysis, such as community detection. Among many different community detection approaches, there are two kinds that we want to address: one considers the graph structure of the network (topology-based community detection approach); the other one takes the textual information of the network nodes into consideration (topic-based community detection approach). This paper conducted systematic analysis of applying a topology-based community detection approach and a topic-based community detection approach to the coauthorship networks of the information retrieval area and found that: (1) communities detected by the topology-based community detection approach tend to contain different topics within each community; and (2) communities detected by the topic-based community detection approach tend to contain topologically-diverse sub-communities within each community. The future community detection approaches should not only emphasize the relationship between communities and topics, but also consider the dynamic changes of communities and topics.
Citizenship Education in Five Massachusetts High Schools

Abstract This study aimed to assess the impact of different kinds of school management techniques on the development of political attitudes among students. To accomplish these objectives, the author conducted interviews with students, social studies teachers, and administrators at five schools, and distributed questionnaires to students at each school. The hypothesis tested is that students in schools which encourage student participation in decision-making will reflect higher levels of political interest, political trust, social integration, and political confidence than will students from more authoritarian schools. The hypothesis was confirmed for political trust and confidence, but not for the other variables.
X‐Ray and Magnetic Studies of CrO2 Single Crystals

The oxygen parameter of CrO2, which has the rutile structure, has been determined to be u=0.301±0.004. Single‐crystal measurements of cell constants over the temperature range −200° to +200°C show the unusual decrease in the c axis with increasing temperature in agreement with x‐ray powder results reported by other workers. An estimate of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy has been obtained from measured magnetization curves of a small single‐crystal sphere of CrO2. The directions of easy magnetization lie in (100) planes at an angle of approximately 40° to the tetragonal axis.
Dynamics of adsorbed poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) on silica

Deuterium NMR and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) were used to probe the behavior of ultrathin adsorbed poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA). The spectra for the bulk methyl-labeled PMA-d 3 were consistent with the motions of the polymer segments being spatially homogeneous. For the polymers adsorbed on silica, multicomponent line shapes were observed. The segmental mobility of the surface polymers increased with increased adsorbed amounts. In contrast to the behavior of the polymers in bulk, the adsorbed lower-molecular-mass PMA-d 3 was less mobile than the adsorbed high-molecular-mass polymer. The presence of a polymer overlayer was sufficient to suppress the enhanced mobility of the more-mobile segments of the adsorbed (inner) polymer. MDSC studies on adsorbed poly(methyl methacrylate) showed that the glass-transition temperature of the thin polymer films increased and broadened compared to the behavior of the polymer in bulk. The presence of a motional gradient with the less-mobile segments near the solid--polymer interface and the more-mobile segments near the polymer-air interface was consistent with the experimental observations.
Aluminum gate metallization for AMLCDs

Aluminum metallization incorporating the anodic aluminum oxide has been optimized for high-performance amorphous silicon thin film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs). For such a device, the off-current is less than the picoampere and the ON-OFF current ratio is ∼2×10 7 , the field effective mobility is about 1.25 cm /Vsec in the linear region and the subthreshold swing is about 0.38 V/decade. These electrical performances are acceptable for high-definition AMLCDs.
Methods for Evaluating Vocational Interest Structural Hypotheses.

Abstract We critically review Holland's structural hypotheses to provide a framework for discussing the task of evaluating vocational interest models. Two forms of Holland's RIASEC model are proposed and the predictions from these models are specified. Holland's circular order model and circumplex structure are then evaluated to demonstrate Hubert and Arabie's randomization test of hypothesized order relations and confirmatory factor analysis. These models and methods are illustrated with two RIASEC correlation matrices based on the Unisex edition of the ACT Interest Inventory. Finally, we briefly discuss issues of model comparison and methods to integrate the empirical literature on interest structure.
Global Foreign Investment Insurance The Case of MIGA with Comparisons to OPIC and Private Insurance

The World Bank established the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) in 1985 as the first truly global agency which insures foreign investments against political risks. MIGA is now in its fifth full year of operations and has been more successful than originally forecast. This paper will discuss the formation of MIGA and includes an analysis of its operations to date. When appropriate, comparisons will be made between MIGA operations and those of the U.S. investment insurance agency, OPIC, the Overseas Private Investment Company, as well as private market insurers. Selected cases of MIGA guarantees are discussed in the paper.
Saturn: Long-term variation of H2 and CH4 absorptions

Results are presented for observations of various H2 quadrupole lines and CH4 absorption bands in spectra of Saturn obtained with a coude scanner at each apparition since 1969. The data are found to indicate a long-term variation in Saturn's H2 equivalent widths, a seasonal dependence of H2 line strength, and a fairly steady increase in CH4 absorption during the period from 1973 to 1976. A possible correlation between planetary shading and the strength of H2 absorption features is discussed along with seasonal variations in Saturn's NH3 cloud deck and atmospheric models that correspond to the observed H2 equivalent widths. It is suggested that: (1) significant shadowing by the rings may cause dynamical atmospheric activity due to the occurrence of a temperature gradient in the penumbral boundaries of the ring shadow in the planet's upper atmosphere; (2) cooling in the shadow may be a source of a high-altitude CH4 mist; and (3) spreading of this mist over the globe by advective winds would reduce the H2 and CH4 absorptions, as observed.
Industrial medicine and acute musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 1. Diagnosing and managing the injured worker with low back pain.

Abstract This self-directed learning module highlights the evaluation and management of the injured worker with low back pain (LBP). This chapter reviews the importance of recognizing the physiologic implications of a lifting injury and evaluating its structural etiology in a worker with LBP. A review of the steps required to make an accurate diagnosis is included. Justifying restrictions and prescribing therapeutic intervention is summarized. Overall Article Objective: To be able to provide a step-by-step plan for evaluating, treating, and safely returning to work the injured worker with LBP.
Communication skills and social support messages across friendship levels

This study explored how the perceived value of communication skills and social support varies among friendship levels. Results of a study of 160 undergraduate students indicated that affectively‐oriented skills are rated as being more important by a best friend than by a casual friend or an acquaintance, that a best friend provides more social support than a casual friend or an acquaintance, and that women rate the skills of conflict management, ego support, and comforting, as well as social support, as being more important than men.
Impacts of Paleo-Oxygen Levels on the Size, Development, Reproduction, and Tracheal Systems of Blatella germanica

Atmospheric oxygen has varied substantially over the Phanerozoic (the last 500 million years) with periods of both hyperoxia and hypoxia relative to today. Unlike some insect groups, cockroaches have not been reported to exhibit gigantism during the late Paleozoic period of hyperoxia. Studies with modern insects have shown a diversity of developmental responses to oxygen, suggesting that evaluation of historical hypotheses should focus on groups most closely related to those present in the Paleozoic. Here we investigated the impacts of Paleozoic oxygen levels (12–31%) on the development of Blatella germanica cockroaches. Body size decreased strongly in hypoxia, but was only mildly affected by hyperoxia. Development time, growth rate and fecundity were negatively impacted by both hypoxia and hyperoxia. Tracheal volumes were inversely proportional to rearing oxygen, suggesting developmental responses aimed at regulating internal oxygen level. The results of these experiments on a modern species are consistent with the fossil record and suggest that changes in atmospheric oxygen would be challenging for many insects, despite plastic compensatory responses in the tracheal system.
The future of industrial statistics

The field of industrial statistics traces its origins from the early part of the previous century. The last 20 years have seen significant advances in both applications of the tools of industrial statistics and in the development of new methodology. The use of statistics in industry, including applications in new product design and development, optimization, and control of manufacturing processes, and in service industries continues to expand at a rapid rate. Consequently, the field of industrial statistics has emerged as an important branch of modern statistical science. These growing applications of statistics in industry have created opportunities and needs for methodological research, and many new challenges have arisen. This paper identifies some areas in which statisticians may contribute to the methodology of industrial statistics and discusses some of the educational and implementation challenges that we confront today.
Smooth muscle α-tropomyosin crosslinks to caldesmon, to actin and to myosin subfragment 1 on the muscle thin filament

To obtain proximity information between tropomyosin (Tm) and caldesmon (CaD) on the muscle thin filament, we cloned gizzard αTm and created two single Cys mutants S56C/C190S (56Tm) and D100C/C190S (100Tm). They were labeled with benzophenone maleimide (BPM) and UV-irradiated on thin filaments. One chain of BPM-56Tm and two chains of BPM-100Tm crosslinked to CaD. Only BPM-100Tm crosslinked to actin in the absence and presence of CaD and binding of low ratios of myosin subfragment 1 (S1) prevented the crosslinking. Tm-S1 crosslinks were produced when actin·Tm was saturated with S1. Thus, CaD on the actin·Tm filament is located <10 A away from Tm amino acids 56 and 100; in the closed state of the actin·Tm filament, Tm residue 100 is located close to the actin surface and is moved further away in the S1-induced open state; in the open state, S1 binds close to Tm.
Decentralized dynamic power control for cellular spread spectrum systems

Power control has been recognized as an essential requirement in the design of cellular spread spectrum systems, since only by control of transmit powers can users share radio resources equitably and efficiently in a multicell environment. Much of the work on power control for spread spectrum systems found in the literature focuses on static channel models, i.e., models in which the channel gain of every user is assumed constant. In this paper, the design of dynamic power control algorithms for spread spectrum systems is considered. The design problem is posed as a tradeoff between the desire for users to maximize their individual capacity and the need to minimize the transmitted signal energy over the duration of their calls. The dynamic nature of the wireless channel for mobile users is incorporated in the problem definition. Based on a cost minimization framework, an optimal multiuser solution is derived. The multiuser solution is shown to decouple, and effectively converge to a single user solution in the large system asymptote, where the number of users and the spreading factor both go to infinity with their ratio kept constant. The proposed solution for large systems is a simple decision rule that is easily implementable in a practical system.
“A Monument to Commercial Isolation”: Merchants and the Economic Decline of Post- Civil War New Orleans:

This article describes the rapid economic decline of New Orleans after the Civil War and examines some of the reasons for it. It focuses on the elite merchant community of New Orleans, which had been the Old South’s primary urban commercial and financial center. The article details how complacent attitudes among these long-powerful commodities merchants contributed to a variety of poor decisions and inadequate responses to radically changed postwar conditions. In addition, the wartime devastation of the city’s banking sector, along with broad structural changes to postemancipation southern agriculture and the reorientation of intra- and interregional trade patterns, are all shown to have quickly combined to push the former first-rank American city down onto the dependent lower rungs of the American urban system during the decades immediately following the Civil War.
Tuning the electronic and photophysical properties of heteroleptic iridium(III) phosphorescent emitters through ancillary ligand substitution: a theoretical perspective

The development and application of phosphorescent emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have played a critical role in the push to commercialization of OLED-based display and lighting technologies. Here, we use density functional theory methods to study how modifying the ancillary ligand influences the electronic and photophysical properties of heteroleptic bis(4,6-difluorophenyl) pyridinato-N,C [dfppy] iridium(III) complexes. We examine three families of bidentate ancillary ligands based on acetylacetonate, picolinate, and pyridylpyrazolate. It is found that the frontier molecular orbitals of the heteroleptic complexes can be substantially modulated both as a function of the bidentate ligand family and of the substitution patterns within a family. As a consequence, considerable control over the first absorption and phosphorescence emission transitions, both of which are dominated by one-electron transitions between the HOMO and LUMO, is obtained. Tuning the nature of the ancillary ligand, therefore, can be used to readily modulate the photophysical properties of the emitters, providing a powerful tool in the design of the emitter architecture.
Snoods: a periodic network containing cytokeratin in the cortex of starfish oocytes.

Abstract An extensive fibrous cytoskeletal component in the cortical cytoplasm of oocytes of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus reproducibly stains with anticytokeratin antibody and hence contains cytokeratin. The large-meshed network resembles a snood (hair net). Snood fibers form loops and branches throughout the cortex of a premeiotic oocyte, except at the animal pole where they emanate from a nonstaining zone surrounding the centrosomes. By immunofluorescence microscopy of isolated cortices and electron microscopy of isolated cortices and intact oocytes, snood fibers exhibit complex striations with a periodicity of ∼0.75 μm. Snoods are not colocalized with the cortical arrays of microtubules and are unaffected by drugs that disrupt microtubules or microfilaments. Stimulation of oocyte maturation by 1-methyladenine causes snoods to disappear, presumably by disassembly, about halfway to the time of germinal vesicle breakdown. They do not reappear during meiosis, fertilization, or development to the two-cell stage, and their functional importance, if any, during oogenesis or development remains to be elucidated.
Regional Nerve Block of the Temporomandibular Joint Capsule: A Technique for Clinical Research and Differential Diagnosis

In previous studies in which regional anesthesia of the temporomandibular joint capsule was used to examine the role of the joint in mandibular movement and distinguish it from muscle control, the anesthetic techniques used have not been satisfactorily described. The accuracy of the injeetion technique described in this paper was determined by dissection and radiographic examination of fixed and fresh specimens. Using this technique, trial patient studies were made using an anesthetic solution to which a radiopaque medium was added. Radiographic examination of the patients affirmed the location of the injected material, while clinical assessment determined its functional effectiveness. Using the described technique, anesthetic solution was accurately and reproducibly introduced posteriorly and laterally to the temporomandibular joint to achieve anesthesia of the joint.
Prescribed burning effects on the hydrologic behavior of gullies in the South Carolina Piedmont

Gullies found in the Piedmont of South Carolina are legacies of past land use and erosion. Although the majority of these gullies are now under forest vegetation and perceived as geomorphologically stable, the question of gully contribution to nonpoint source pollution remains undetermined, especially when these gullies are subjected to prescribed burning or other forest disturbance. Six prescribed burned and two reference gullies draining mature pine stands grown on former cotton fields were instrumented at the Long Cane Ranger District, Sumter National Forest, South Carolina to characterize the hydrologic behavior of these gullies and to investigate response to prescribed burning. Flow in the gullies was observed for one year of pre-burn and one year of post-burn conditions. Hydrologic behavior of these eight gullies varied greatly in the pre-treatment period. During the study, 48 rainfall events exceeding 12.7 mm were recorded, but one reference gully never produced flow and three treatment gullies flowed during three events or less and only in the pre-burn period. Although significant storm events occurred throughout the year, all gully flow events occurred between December and March. Double-mass and graphical analysis of relative stormflow production of the reference and treatment gullies in the pre- and post-treatment periods did not indicate an effect of the controlled burn on flow behavior, but the post-burn year was characterized by drought. The observed inter-annual variation in gully behavior was large. Observations of local groundwater conditions with piezometers and electrical resistivity surveys indicated that gully flows were controlled by the presence of a flow-restricting layer below the gully bed.
Development of a Proof-of-Concept Series-Hybrid Vehicle Utilizing Multiple Power Sources

The demand for fuel efficient vehicles is on the rise with higher costs of gasoline and increasing environmental concerns. To address these issues, a hybrid vehicle with the capability of running on multiple power sources has been developed. A 2000 Audi TT was converted to an AC electric vehicle with range extended capabilities provided by a small internal combustion engine and a hydrogen PEM fuel cell stack. This allows the vehicle to bridge the gap between the current gasoline based economy and a possible hydrogen based economy in the future. Using the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) standard city and highway driving tests, the vehicle has a theoretical increase in fuel economy from 20/29 miles per gallon (MPG) respectively to 230/173 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGGE).Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Validity of self-reported pregravid weight

Self-reported pregravid weight is a commonly used baseline indicator of nutritional status in prenatal weight gain studies. This study assesses the validity of self-reported pregravid weight in 1591 gravidas who entered into prenatal care within the first trimester of pregnancy from 1986 to 1988 at the University of Maryland Medical Systems. A significant difference of 4.3 lb (t = 25.56, P < 0.001) was found between self-reported pregravid weight and estimated pregravid weight. Limits of agreement (interval within which 95% of the differences between the self-reported and measured weights) were constructed by population characteristics. Multiple linear regression models with estimated pregravid weight as the dependent variable were estimated by self-reported pregravid weight, body weight, height, age, race, education, insurance status, and marital status groups. A model with self-reported pregravid weight as the sole independent variable was found to explain 88% of the variance in estimated pregravid weight. Results of this study suggest that the validity of self-report pregravid weight varies with sociodemographic and anthropometric factors. Adjustment by a simple regression equation can minimize error in self-reported pregravid weight.
A reanalysis of patas monkeys' “grimace and gecker” display and a discussion of their lack of formal dominance

In a captive group of subjects, we tested the claim (Jacobus and Loy, 1981) that patas monkeys possess a “grimace and gecker” display that functions as a signal of submission/appeasement. The results show the grimace and gecker to be an ineffective preventive both for supplantation and for the continuation of aggression by dominant animals, which suggests that it is not an important display for patas monkeys. Without the grimace and gecker, it appears that patas monkeys lack “formal dominance.” Therefore, we investigated the effects of such a deficency via interspecific comparisons. They suggest that patas monkeys do not differ from cercopithecine species that possess formal dominance with regard to frequency of fighting, intensity of fighting, or rates of postfight reconciliation. Patas show lower rates of allogrooming and higher fight:groom ratios than formal dominance species do. These results support the view that a lack of formal dominance is likely to be correlated with reduced social cohesion.
Continuous infusion fluoropyrimidines as salvage therapy for patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma.

Abstract A major challenge facing those caring for patients with ovarian carcinoma is inducing remission following the failure of first-line treatment. Toward this end, we have examined the efficacy of continuou infusion fluoropyrimidines. During a 2-year period, nine patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma received treatment with continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or 5-fluorouracil-deoxyribose as single agents or in combination with other drugs. Eight patients were evaluable, with responses obtained with each treatment regimen. Myelotoxicity was mild, with only 3 episodes of grade 4 toxicity out of 70 total cycles of chemotherapy. Mucositis was moderate to severe, tending to be the dose-limiting adverse effect. Continuous infusion 5-FU in these combinations appears to be active with very acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients.
Permanent Programmable Pacemakers in the Management of Recurrent Tachycardias

Patient reports are presented to indicate the application of standard implanted programmable pacemakers with endocardial electrodes for long-term overdrive suppression of recurrent ventricular tachycardia, and their adaptability to non-invasively induced bursts of rapid ventricular pacing to cardioverl that arrhythmia. In carefully preselected patients with bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome, this type of programmable pacemaker may also be used to convert paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia by short bursts of rapid ventricular pacing. In addition, the advantage of non-invasively instituting overdrive suppression with programmable pacemakers to control recurrent ventricular tachycardia appearing in patients being chronically paced for complete heart block is illustrated.
To think or not to think: the moderating role of need for cognition in expectancy-consistent impression formation

Abstract The present study investigated the moderating effects of Need for Cognition (NFC) and cognitive busyness on expectancy-consistent impression formation processes. Two hundred participants were run in a 2 (expectancy: positive or negative)×2 (cognitive busyness condition: distracted or not distracted)×2 (NFC: low or high) design. Perceivers were led to believe that their partners had either a very high or mediocre grade point average. Half of the perceivers were also made cognitively busy by rehearsing an eight-digit number during the interaction. Results yielded the predicted Expectancy×Cognitive Busyness×Need for Cognition interaction. When perceivers were distracted, their impressions of the target corresponded to the expectancy condition for both low and high NFC perceivers. However, when perceivers were not cognitively busy, those low in NFC also formed expectancy-consistent impressions of the target, but perceivers high in NFC did not differ in their final impressions of the low and high expectancy targets. Implications of these results for understanding individual differences and situational moderators of impression formation are discussed.
The membrane attack complex.

The “killer molecule” of complement is the membrane attack complex (MAC). It constitutes a supramolecular organization that is composed of approximately 20 protein molecules and has a molecular weight of about 1.7 million. The complex has five precursors, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, which are hydrophilic glycoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 70 000 to 180 000. When C5 is cleaved by C5 convertase and nascent C5b (C5b*) is produced, self-assembly of the MAC ensues (Table 1): C5b* and C6 form a soluble and stable bimolecular complex which binds to C7 and induces it to express a metastable site through which the nascent complex (C5b-7*) can bind to membranes. Membrane-bound C5b-7 constitutes the receptor for C8 and the C5b-8 complex binds and polymerizes C9. During the assembly process the proteins undergo hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition. Thus, metastable C5b-7 expresses hydrophobic phospholipid binding sites. The lipid binding capacity increases on addition of C8 and again on addition of C9. The fully assembled MAC contains one molecule of C5b, C6, C7, and C8 and multiple molecules of C9. The end-product consists of the tetramolecular C5b-8 complex (Mr approximately 550,000) and of tubular poly C9 (Mr approximately 1 100 000). The available evidence suggests that poly C9 represents the major complement transmembrane channel and C5b-8 the unit that catalyzes C9 polymerization.
Work disability and migration in the early years of welfare reform

The inter- and intra-state migration of American families with work-disabled members is a neglected area of empirical study. Longitudinal migration and health status data from the 1996 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) are merged with state-level welfare policy indicators to investigate migration behavior under welfare reform’s emphasis on requiring work and encouraging reliance on social support networks. We use a nested discrete-choice event history model that incorporates the departure decision and interstate destination choice in a single model that tests the effects of state-level welfare policy and economic opportunity characteristics, with state fixed effects, plus family sociodemographic characteristics and social networks, as the basis for comparing migration of families with and without work disabilities. The results show that although families with disabilities and illnesses are less likely to migrate than other families generally, they are “pushed” to migrate if they live in states that do not exempt them from TANF activities requirements. Furthermore, in-migration is inhibited by stringent state welfare illness exemption rules and high state unemployment rates. Intrastate migration is more likely among families who received family and community social support, regardless of work-disability status.
Expression of iron binding proteins and hemin binding activity in the dental pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was found to express a polypeptide immunologically related to the Neisseria gonorrhoeae FbpA iron binding protein. In addition, the expression of hitB and hitC homologs was detected by Northern blot analysis. This periodontal pathogen also expresses a polypeptide homologous to the 31-kDa Haemophilus influenzae protein, which shows amino acid sequence homology with the FimA and YfeA proteins from Streptococcus parasanguis and Yersinia pestis, respectively. Both A. actinomycetemcomitans protein homologs were located within the periplasmic space, and their synthesis was regulated by the iron and hemin concentration of the culture medium. Southern and Western blot analysis together with molecular cloning revealed the presence of a Fur-like repressor, which may control the iron regulation of gene expression in this bacterium. Cultivation in the presence of hemin or Congo red revealed the ability of this organism to bind hemin. This binding activity was further confirmed by isolating Escherichia coli DH5α clones that produced red and brown colonies on agar plates containing Congo red and hemin, respectively, after transformation with an A. actinomycetemcomitans gene library.
Analysis on Comprehensive Risk Assessment for Urban Fire: The Case of Haikou City

Abstract This paper first defines the term “urban fire risk” by referring to both the definition of “risk” in U.N.’s “International Strategy for Disaster Reduction” which was enacted in 2004 and the features of urban fire. Secondly, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis on the urban fire risk from the respects of risk of fire accidents in urban areas, urban vulnerability and urban anti-fire capability. Based on the analysis, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed in this paper to establish an urban fire risk assessment system, which includes 3 first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators and 48 third-level indicators. With the data on fire accidents and fire statistics in the past as the basis, this paper applies the Gray Correlation Degree Method to set up the Weight Coefficient of the system and quantify the indicators mentioned above, and finally, this paper applies what has been discussed above to the case of Haikou, capital city of Hainan province, P.R. China. In the city's chosen 17 sub-districts and 1 town, fire risk assessments are conducted, and the values of risk of fire accidents in urban areas, urban vulnerability, anti-fire capability and comprehensive fire risk in the mentioned selected areas are computed and identified.
Initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli 15T−: Chronological dissection of three physiological processes required for initiation

Abstract The replicative origin of the Escherichia coli chromosome was labeled with [ 3 H]thymine after amino acid starvation. Replication of this label was measured by further growth in [ 13 C]glucose- 15 NH 4 Cl. Such replication served as a measure of the initiation of a new cycle of chromosome replication. A new replication cycle was initiated about 35 minutes after labeling the chromosome origin. Initiation was heterogeneous, occurring earlier in some cells than in others. Two synthetic processes were distinguished. One requires amino acids, and is inhibited by 150 μg chloramphenicol/ml. and by 0.25% phenethyl alcohol. It was not inhibited by 25 μg chloramphenicol/ml. This process was completed about 15 minutes before the actual re-initiation of replication. The other was inhibited by 25 μg of chloramphenicol/ml. and was completed 30 minutes before re-initiation occurred. A third requirement for initiation was suggested by the fact that initiation did not occur immediately after necessary protein synthesis was completed. Both of these processes limit stoichiometrically the initiation of replication since they must be repeated to allow initiation of a second cycle of replication. In the absence of thymine, cells acquired the ability to initiate a new replication cycle despite subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis. The time at which this potential was achieved was independent of DNA synthesis.
A family of mappings among the 1-D electron gas, 2-D Coulomb gas, and 2-D epitaxial monolayer problems

Abstract We derive and examine a family of mappings among the one-dimensional (1-D) electron gas, the 2-D Coulomb gas, and the 2-D epitaxial monolayer problems. We find that the 4kF instability of the 1-D electron gas maps onto the 2-D epitaxy system with misfit dislocations. The mappings are also used to discuss the commensurate-incommensurate transition in the 1-D electron gas.
Hydrogen bonding Part 40. IR and thermodynamic study of stability and stoichiometry for triethylenediamine dioxide hydrates, triethylenediamine monohydrate, and a mixed H2O/H2O2 solvate of triethylenediamine dioxide

Abstract Vapour pressure vs. H 2 O content studies confirm that triethylenediamine dioxide forms stable crystalline hydrates containing 3,2 or 1 moles H 2 O per mole of amine dioxide. There is also a pentahydrate which is stable in contact with liquor but effloresces in air to form the trihydrate. Thermodynamic parameters for the dissociations of the tri-, di- and monohydrates were determined through equilibrium vapor pressure measurements; minimum HOHN hydrogen bond strengths in the three hydrates are about 9–10 kcal mol −1 . Triethylenediamine dioxide· (H 2 O) 0.67 (H 2 O 2 ) 0.33 was prepared by desolvation of a higher mixed solvate, and thermo- dynamic parameters determined for the successive dissociations of H 2 O 2 . The IR spectrum of triethylenediamine monohydrate suggests that H 2 O molecules bridge between nitrogen atoms in adjacent molecules of the base. the role of temperature in defining stoichiometry of hydrate systems is discussed.
GONAD RESPONSE OF MALE RATS TO EXPERIMENTAL HYPERADRENALISM

ADRENALIN HAS BEEN SHOWN TO SUPPRESS the reproductive activity of the English sparrow (1), presumably by antagonizing the pituitary gonadotropins. Gonads, accessory structures and secondary sex characteristics appear to share in the regression produced. The seasonal reproductive activity in the sparrow has been correlated with the amount of circulating adrenalin. The purpose of this study was to determine if adrenalin would suppress the reproductive activity in animals which continually breed, and, if so, to find what part adrenalin normally plays in such animals. Robson (2) reported that adrenalin interfered with the estrous cycle of the mouse. The present work extends the study of the inhibition of the gonads by adrenalin to the white rat. Daily injections of 1 to 4 minims of adrenalin chloride (1:1.000)1 were given subcutaneously to 53 male rats from 15 different litters. Seventeen of these animals served as controls for the various litters.
Banking on the Poor? Branch Placement and Nonfarm Rural Development in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, Grameen Bank puts banks in areas where gains from switching from farming to nonfarm enterprises favor the poor. Other banks put more weight on potential gains to the nonpoor. Ravallion and Wodon assess whether the placement of bank branches in Bangladesh responds to unexploited potential for nonfarm rural development. They compare the branch location choices of a large new private nonprofit bank, the famous Grameen Bank, with those of more traditional government banks. They allow for heterogeneity in household characteristics conducive to success in nonfarm activities when measuring the potential gains from switching out of farming. Farmers are both poor and poorly equipped for success at nonfarm enterprises. Even so, seemingly feasible, but unrealized gains from switching are evident. Grameen Bank is attracted to areas where those gains favor the poor. Other banks put more weight on potential gains to the nonpoor. This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess how well both governmental and nongovernmental financial institutions respond to the needs of the poor. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Policies for Poor Areas (RPO 681-39).
Contemporaneous Dolomitization of Middle Pleistocene Reefs by Meteoric Water, North Jamaica: ABSTRACT

Middle Pleistocene reefs of northern Jamaica, and elsewhere in the Caribbean, are distinctly different from the late Pleistocene 120,000 year-old "Sangamon" reefs. They are more extensively developed, better lithified, and commonly dolomitized. In Jamaica, the contact between the two units, the "Sangamon" Falmouth Formation and the middle Pleistocene "Yarmouth"(?) Hope Gate Formation, is erosional. This contact demonstrates that the diagenesis and dolomitization of the Hope Gate took place before Falmouth deposition. The Hope Gate dolomite replaces micrite and fills pores created by the dissolution of aragonite, demonstrating the near contemporaneity of aragonite solution and dolomite precipitation. The dolomites have low Sr (220 ppm) and Na (350 ppm) contents, precluding their precipitation from marine fluids. Dolomitization took place as meteoric waters first infiltered the seaward growing, submarine-cemented reefs. The composition of the fluid from which the dolomite precipitated was controlled by the composition of the influxing meteoric water, but more significantly by the composition of the primary reef carbonate. Continued meteoric flushing, after the available Mg was consumed by dolomitization, resulted in low Na, low Sr, and C12- and O16-enriched calcites. The vadose textures superimposed on the intense phreatic-meteoric diagenesis consists only of insignificant amounts of speleothems, despite more than 300,000 years of subareal exposure. End_of_Article - Last_Page 635------------