cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Circulation of Vortex Rings Formed From Tube and Orifice Openings

Two common configurations for generating vortex rings via jet pulses are the tube and orifice geometries. The orifice geometry forces the flow to contract as it approaches the jet exit plane, which can strongly affect vorticity flux and the circulation of the resulting ring. The author’s recent extension of the traditional slug model for vortex ring circulation (called the “pressure corrected” or PC model) accounts for the geometric differences between the tube and orifice cases, but model validation for the orifice geometry has been limited due to the lack of data for this configuration. The present study compares process of circulation generation by tube and orifice geometries using numerical simulations of finite duration jets from tube and orifice openings. Total jet slug length-to-diameter ratios (L/D) in the range of 0.5 to 3.5 and a jet Reynolds number of 2000 are considered. The numerical results confirm the underlying assumptions of the PC model. The model results for the tube geometry are within 14% of the numerical results. Incorporating the scaling of ring velocity with ejected jet length (X/D) obtained from the present numerical results improves the predictions for the orifice case, giving accuracy to within 20%. The overall geometry effect appears as a two-fold increase in circulation for the orifice case over the tube case at the same L/D.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Chorioamnionitis: A Risk Factor for Cerebral Palsy

The association between clinical chorioamnionitis and increased risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in term and near-term infants was determined in 109 children with CP not due to postnatal brain injury or developmental abnormalities compared to 218 controls, in a study at University of California, San Francisco, and Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA.
Drug treatment of dyslipoproteinemia

This article has focused on the appropriate indications for lipid-lowering drugs in adult patients with different lipoprotein disorders, which we have divided into primary hypercholesterolemia, combined hyperlipidemia,and hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety profile of the major drugs have been reviewed, and based on this information, we have presented our views on the appropriate drugs of first choice and appropriate second-choice agents for treatment of adult patients with different dyslipidemias. The rationale for the use of hypolipidemic drugs is strongest in patients with hyperlipidemia who concurrently have evidence for coronary or peripheral vascular disease, in whom the goal of secondary prevention is to retard further progression of atherosclerosis and potentially induce some regression, whereas in selected high-risk patients without evidence of atherosclerosis, the goals of therapy are to prevent the premature development of CAD or, in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, prevent the adverse sequelae of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and potentially pancreatitis. We have focused on the use of hypolipidemic drugs in adult patients, and the guidelines discussed are not appropriate for use in children with hyperlipidemia, in whom drug therapy should be undertaken selectively and in consultation with a lipid specialist. Many areas of controversy in the use of lipid-lowering drugs remain to be addressed by future studies; these include the use of lipid-lowering drugs in patients with secondary causes of hyperlipidemia (e.g., the nephrotic syndrome), the use of lipid-lowering drugs in women, and recommendations for drug therapy in older patients.
Action of Pentamethylenetetrazol (Metrazol) on Splanchnic Circulation of the Dog

The analeptic drug pentamethylenetetrazol (Metrazol) used in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions has been reported1 to produce dilatation of the abdominal capillaries. Because of the extensive clinical use of this drug,2 it was felt desirable to restudy its action on the intact splanchnic vascular bed of the dog.For this study we used 23 female dogs, the average weight being 7 kg. The anesthetic employed was chloralosane—80 mg. per kg. injected intravenously. Blood pressure and respiration were recorded in the usual manner. Oncometers were placed on the spleen and small intestine or a loop of ileum was exteriorized and kept in a chamber containing normal saline at body temperature. The mesentery of this loop was transilluminated from below and the vessels were observed through a lens system whose magnifying power could be varied at will.Following a control period with observation on the blood vessels of an intestinal loop, the drug was injected intravenously as a 10% solution. The dosage ranged fro...
Multi-Agents Grey Diagnosis on Organizational Trust Crisis Possibility in Supply Chains

China is playing a number of central roles in the development of global economy.International firms are actively working with suppliers in China to sustain their business.However,working with supply chain partners in China remains a challenge for many international firms because of organizational distrust,information uncertainty about the selection of partner enterprise,evolving business laws,and the lack of social trust systems in China.This study uses the supply chain organizational trust crisis possibility diagnosis(SC-OTC-PD) framework to help detect early warning signals for organizational distrust crises.In order to prevent the development of organizational distrust between international firms and Chinese suppliers,this study proposes a multi-agent grey diagnosis method to assess the possibility of organizational trust crisis.This method incorporates organizational distrust characteristics,a trusting partner's knowledge and subjective motivation,and quantifiable rules to calculate business partners' subjective motivation.A framework is proposed to diagnose trust crisis possibility between supply chain partners.The body of this paper consists of six sections.The first section overviews the basic trend in the current literature on supply chain trust.A Chinese partner's experience of working with international firms has effect on organizational trust.We assert that it is also important to consider subjective motivation of supply chain partners.The second section analyzes qualitative features of SC-OTC-PD framework and uses them to assess performance of supply chain partners.The third section builds up a grey-group assessment framework of SC-OTC-PD.SC-OTC-PD is a useful framework to address decision-making tasks under the situation of incomplete information.Grey correlations exist between qualitative features and distrust possibilities.The fourth section analyzes technical levels of SC-OTC-PD framework by including a trusting party's subjective motivation,gray group diagnosis mechanisms of agents of multiple experts,and grey integration of possibilities of trust crisis.The fifth section uses a firm's SC-OTC-PD as a case to describe its applicability.We computed whiting function,grey diagnosis metrics of trust features,weight vector of grey diagnosis,and grey class of trust motivation to assess the possibility of trust crisis between supply chain partners.In summary,this paper proposes a SC-OTC-PD framework to help reveal subjective motivation and experience of trusting agents,and analyze technical applicability of the framework.The framework can analyze the possibility of organizational distrust between international firms and their supply chain partners in China.
Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Endoscope Sheaths

Objective To research the safety and efficacy of endoscope sheaths used as protective barriers. Methods Based on field study at manufactures and hospitals, a literature and standards research is carried out focused on the structure, principle, intended use, risk factors, technical performance and clinical trial of the endoscope sheaths. Conclusion The purpose of an endoscope sheath is to provide a covering as physical barrier that helps prevent the cross infection among patients. The safety and efficacy of endoscope sheaths should be assured by strict control of the sheath materials, physical and chemical performance, and biocompatibility.
Ch. R-13 Production of Biosurfactant by Bacillus Licheniformis Strain JF-2

Abstract Bacillus licheniformis strain JF-2 produces a very effective surfactant under conditions typical of oil reservoirs. We have conducted a systematic investigation of the effects of environmental parameters (temperature, medium pH and NaCl) on: i) the production of the biosurfactant, ii) formation of fermentation end-products and iii) growth of B. licheniformis in batch cultures. The partially purified biosurfactant from JF-2 was shown to be the most active microbial surfactant found so far and gave an interfacial tension against decane of 0.016 mN/m. Optimal production of the surfactant was obtained in cultures grown in the presence of 5% NaCl at a temperature of 45°C and pH 7.0. The major fermentation end-products were lactic acid and acetic acid with smaller amount of formic acid and acetoin. Growth and biosurfactant formation were also observed in anaerobic cultures supplemented with a suitable electron acceptor such as NaNO 3 .
Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Epilepsy

The Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology reports on vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for epilepsy.
Critical Integral Contemplative Education

Mindfulness programs in education proceed with little awareness of the cultural, social, political, and developmental context in which they operate. This chapter first argues that social critique is a valuable practice in its own right and can be useful toward developing more socially just and inclusive mindfulness education programs. It is critical of how mindfulness is practiced in schools to the extent it shares qualities of McMindfulness and reinforces neoliberal ideologies, policies, and practices. Without this critical awareness of contexts, programs tend to promote individualistic solutions to social problems and inequities and thereby serve to maintain the status quo of social injustice. This chapter critically employs concepts from integral meta-theory with an emphasis on cultural meanings, optimal human development, and universal social justice. It describes important realms of everyday life that are ignored by mindfulness education programs. It offers directions toward a critical integral contemplative education that promotes individual, interpersonal, and social development.
Resistances of Literature: Strategies of Narrative Affiliation in Etel Adnan's Sitt Marie Rose

Etel Adnan's novel on the Lebanese civil war, Sitt Marie Rose (1978), was written as a literary act of resistance to war. Based on a real event, the torture and murder of a Christian woman who betrayed her camp to defend the Palestinian refugees of Beirut, it denounces what Edward Said has called the "embattled identities" of postcolonial nationalism. Using Said's seminal essay "Secular Criticism" as its point of departure, this paper explores the ways in which Adnan's novel articulates a specifically gendered critique of filiation through a figure of affiliation: that of the Palestinian refugee. Marie-Rose's transgression of gender, national, and religious lines (as a Christian Lebanese woman who is sexually and politically involved with the Palestinians) paradoxically indexes the heterogeneity within the same, and advocates for the inclusion of the enemy other (the hostis that is the guest, enemy, and stranger) in the space of the nation. Yet as a literary text, the novel also complicates the militant message it has come to be equated with. Paying close attention to the discursive, narrative, and poetic strategies deployed in the text, I argue that the narrative form of the novel problematizes the very notion of resistance, pointing to the risk of reproducing filiative ties within affiliative communities. Following Jacques Derrida, I propose the notion of "resistances of literature", in the double genitive sense of the term: Sitt Marie Rose constitutes an act of literary resistance; but it also resists discursive appropriation, leaving a remainder that cannot be excised to fit the frame of the national narrative.
Fuel cells for electrochemical energy conversion

This short article provides an overview of fuel cell science and technology. This article is intended to act as a “primer” on fuel cells that one can use to begin a deeper investigation into this fascinating and promising technology. You will learn what fuel cell are, how they work, and what significant advantages and disadvantages they present.
Postmortem Degradation of Desmin in Specific Muscles from the Beef Round

Desmin degradation provides an indication of the extent of protein degradation that occurs during aging in postmortem muscle. The vastus lateralis had the highest amount of desmin degradation at 24 hours. However, the vastus lateralis had no change in desmin degradation over time. This provides evidence that the majority of degradation in the vastus lateralis occurs within 24 hrs postmortem. Previous data from our lab has shown that after this point, further aging of this muscle is not be highly beneficial because little additional tenderization occurs. While the semimembranosus did have a high amount of desmin degradation at 7 days it also contains a high amount of connective tissue. This connective tissue will make the semimembranosus less tender regardless of the amount of degradation. The gracillus and vastus intermedius had an increase in desmin degradation over time. Aging these cuts longer may provide us with a tender product that could be marketed as an individual cut. While the muscles of the round are treated similarly, each muscle has its own individual rate and extent of desmin degradation. Given that these biochemical differences exist, these muscles need to be evaluated individually to optimize the tenderness in each cut.
Evolved Vulnerability to Addiction: The Problem of Opiates

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2015 marked the record for drug overdoses in the United States as more than 33,000 individuals died from an overdose of heroin or synthetic opioids, with nearly half of these deaths attributed to prescription opioids. CDC estimates indicate that 60% of all drug overdose deaths involve opioids. Since 1999, opioid overdose has nearly quadrupled with more than half a million deaths documented between 2000 and 2015. Current estimates suggest that 91 citizens perish daily from opioid overdose (CDC, 2016).
Investigation of Ketone C═O Bond Activation Processes by Heterobimetallic Zr/Co and Ti/Co Tris(phosphinoamide) Complexes

The reactivity of the reduced Zr/Co and Ti/Co complexes (THF)Zr(MesNPiPr2)3CoN2 (1, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) and (THF)Ti(XylNPiPr2)3CoN2 (7, Xyl = 3,5-dimethylphenyl) toward diaryl ketones is explored in an effort to gain mechanistic insight into C═O bond cleavage processes. Complex 1 reacts with 4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone to generate ((p-OMeC6H4)2CO)Zr(MesNPiPr2)3CoN2 (2), which exists as a mixture of valence tautomers in solution that interconvert via electron transfer from Co–I to the Zr-bound ketone in 2S to form a Zr-bound ketyl radical in 2T. The geometry of 2 in the solid state is most consistent with the singlet ketone adduct tautomer 2S. Upon removal of the Co-bound N2 under vacuum, complex 2 cleanly coverts to the μ-oxo carbene product (η2-MesNPiPr2)Zr(MesNPiPr2)2(μ-O)Co═C(C6H4p-OMe)2 (5) at room temperature in solution. A diamagnetic intermediate, tentatively assigned as ketone-bridged species (η2-MesNPiPr2)Zr(MesNPiPr2)2Co(μ2,η1η2-OC(p-OMeC6H4)2) (6), is observed spectroscopically during t...
Statistical data cleaning for deep learning of automation tasks from demonstrations

Automation using deep learning from demonstrations requires many training examples. Gathering this data is time consuming and expensive, and human demonstrators are prone to inconsistencies and errors that can delay or degrade learning. This paper explores how characterizing supervisor inconsistency and correcting for this noise can improve task performance with a limited budget of data. We consider a planar part extraction task (separating one part from a group) where human operators provide demonstrations by teleoperating a 2DOF robot. We analyze 30, 000 image-control pairs from 480 trajectories. After error corrections, trained CNN models show an improvement of 11.2% upon the baseline in mean absolute success rate.
Managing Customer and Partner Transitions During a Separation

In this chapter, we will investigate the complexities of managing customer and partner transitions during a separation. In response to a 2013 survey, more than 76% of business executives stated that customer and supplier relationships were a major challenge when executing or considering a divestiture.
Function, regulation and distribution of IsiA, a membrane-bound chlorophyll a-antenna protein in cyanobacteria

IsiA is a membrane-bound Chl a-antenna protein synthesized in cyanobacteria under iron deficiency. Since iron deficiency is a common nutrient stress in significant fractions of cyanobacterial habitats, IsiA is likely to be essential for some cyanobacteria. However, the role it plays in cyanobacteria is not fully understood. In this review paper, we summarize the research efforts directed towards characterizing IsiA over the past three decades and attempt to bring all the pieces of the puzzle together to get a more comprehensive understanding of the function of this protein. Moreover, we analyzed the genomes of over 390 cyanobacterial strains available in the JGI/IMG database to assess the distribution of IsiA across the cyanobacterial kingdom. Our study revealed that only 125 such strains have an IsiA homolog, suggesting that the presence of this protein is a niche specific requirement, and cyanobacterial strains that lack IsiA might have developed other mechanisms to survive iron deficiency.
Mix-and-Melt Colloidal Engineering

Increasing significance is being placed on the synthesis of smart colloidal particles, since the route to various meta-materials has been outlined through their bottom-up self-assembly. Unfortunately, making particles with well-defined shape and surface chemistry often requires considerable effort and time, and as such, they are available only in restrictive yields. Here we report a synthetic methodology, which we refer to as mix-and-melt reactions (MMR), that allows for rapid prototyping and mass production of anisotropic core–shell colloids. MMR take advantage of the synergistic properties between common colloidal suspensions by aggregating then reconfiguring polystyrene shell particles onto core particle substrates. By systematically exchanging cores and shells, the resultant core–shell particle’s properties are manipulated in a modular fashion. The influence of the constituent particles’ size ratio is extensively explored, which is shown to tune shell thickness, change the aspect ratio of shells on an...
Quality of surgical randomized controlled trials in hand surgery: a systematic review:

We assessed the quantity, quality and trends of randomized controlled trials comparing hand surgical interventions. Study characteristics were collected for 125 randomized controlled trials compari...
Automatic Pan–Tilt Camera Control for Learning Dirichlet Process Gaussian Process (DPGP) Mixture Models of Multiple Moving Targets

Information value functions based on the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence have been shown the most effective for planning sensor measurements by means of greedy strategies. The problem of optimizing information value over a finite time horizon to date has been considered computationally intractable and, as proven here, is $\text{NP}$ -hard. This paper presents new information value functions that are additive and can be optimized efficiently over time by deriving a lower bound of the KL divergence. Combined with a convex approximation of the sensor field of view, these information value functions can be used to obtain real-time sensor control by a lexicographic approach, and to derive performance guarantees. Numerical and experimental results on pedestrian data show that the lexicographic control system significantly improves target modeling and prediction performance when compared to existing algorithms.
Hydrolytic degradation of PCL/PEO copolymers in alkaline media.

PCL/PEO copolymers with different compositions were obtained from ring opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone in the presence of ethylene oxide and characterized by various analytical techniques. Data collected from DSC and X-ray diffractometry suggested that the copolymer chains possess a blocky structure, leading to both PCL and PEO-type crystalline structures. Hydrolytic degradation of these copolymers was carried out in a pH=10.6 carbonate buffer solution at 37 degrees C. Comparison was made with a PCL homopolymer and a PCL/PEG blend which had the same gross composition as one of the copolymers. The results showed that the presence of PEO sequences considerably enhanced the hydrophilicity of the copolymers as compared with PCL homopolymer. Nevertheless, the degradability of PCL chains was not enhanced due to the phase separation between the two components. These materials should be of great interest for biomedical uses such as matrices for sustained drug delivery because of the presence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic microdomains.
The Pharmacological Rationale for Methadone Treatment of Narcotic Addiction

Despite over a quarter-century of remarkably consistent reports from throughout the world of favorable results with the use of methadone to treat heroin addiction, this modality remains exceedingly controversial. Even among those who utilize methadone in caring for addicts, there is intense debate over optimal dosages, duration of treatment and other aspects of the medical care which is rendered. Ironically, the polarization seems to reflect a misunderstanding of the basis pharmacological rationale for methadone treatment.
Two-Step Adsorption of a Switchable Tertiary Amine Surfactant Measured Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation

The adsorption of a switchable cationic surfactant, N,N,N′-trimethyl-N′-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane (DTTM, Duomeen TTM), at the silica/aqueous solution interface is characterized using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The adsorption isotherms reveal that changes in the solution pH or salinity affect surfactant adsorption in competing ways. In particular, the combination of the degree of protonation of the surfactant and electrostatic interactions is responsible for surfactant adsorption. The kinetics of adsorption is carefully measured using the real-time measurement of a QCM-D, allowing us to fit the experimental data with analytical models. At pH values of 3 and 5, where the DTTM is protonated, DTTM exhibits two-step adsorption. This is representative of a fast step in which the surfactant molecules are adsorbed with head-groups orientated toward the surface, followed by a slower second step corresponding to formation of interfacial surfactant aggregates on the silica surface.
In utero ultrafine particulate matter exposure causes offspring pulmonary immunosuppression

Early life exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) in air is associated with infant respiratory disease and childhood asthma, but limited epidemiological data exist concerning the impacts of ultrafine particles (UFPs) on the etiology of childhood respiratory disease. Specifically, the role of UFPs in amplifying Th2- and/or Th17-driven inflammation (asthma promotion) or suppressing effector T cells (increased susceptibility to respiratory infection) remains unclear. Using a mouse model of in utero UFP exposure, we determined early immunological responses to house dust mite (HDM) allergen in offspring challenged from 0 to 4 wk of age. Two mice strains were exposed throughout gestation: C57BL/6 (sensitive to oxidative stress) and BALB/C (sensitive to allergen exposure). Offspring exposed to UFPs in utero exhibited reduced inflammatory response to HDM. Compared with filtered air (FA)-exposed/HDM-challenged mice, UFP-exposed offspring had lower white blood cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and less pronounced peribronchiolar inflammation in both strains, albeit more apparent in C57BL/6 mice. In the C57BL/6 strain, offspring exposed in utero to FA and challenged with HDM exhibited a robust response in inflammatory cytokines IL-13 and Il-17. In contrast, this response was lost in offspring exposed in utero to UFPs. Circulating IL-10 was significantly up-regulated in C57BL/6 offspring exposed to UFPs, suggesting increased regulatory T cell expression and suppressed Th2/Th17 response. Our results reveal that in utero UFP exposure at a level close to the WHO recommended PM guideline suppresses an early immune response to HDM allergen, likely predisposing neonates to respiratory infection and altering long-term pulmonary health.
Policy Space in Intellectual Property Rights and Technology Transfer: A New Economic Research Agenda

My purpose in writing this chapter is to pose a number of questions that have not been satisfactorily addressed, if at all, by economists working in the area of intellectual property rights (IPRs), trade, foreign direct investment, and technology diffusion. There is always a basic tradeoff between fundamental gains and losses from protecting IPRs, or rather reforming them in a manner that offers more certainty and exclusivity to rights holders. On the one hand, such reforms may be expected to improve the functioning of formal markets in which technologies are traded across borders, at least in recipient emerging countries with supportive economic and policy frameworks. On the other hand, those reforms raise the costs of technology imitation by local firms and impose administrative burdens on domestic authorities. They may also limit the policy flexibility those authorities have to regulate the use of exclusive rights and encourage broad adoption and diffusion of incoming technical knowledge. In this chapter I offer some thoughts on these questions, with a particular emphasis on policy issues surrounding international technology transfer and IPRs. In the second section I discuss available evidence on how patent reforms seem to affect flows of technology through formal markets. Following that is a review of various policy flexibilities that matter in this context, considering the limited evidence about how well they work. In the last substantive section I address some of the broader policy questions that affect technology diffusion, most of which have not been studied systematically by empirical economists. In that context, the section sets out an agenda for economic research that would focus on understanding how broader policies and conditions could improve access to global technologies, even in the presence of IPRs reforms. That analysis is partly speculative, attempting to envision how to peel back the veil of ignorance covering key issues in this area of inquiry.
Deciphering the evolutionary history of microbial cyclic triterpenoids.

Abstract Cyclic triterpenoids are a class of lipids that have fascinated chemists, biologist, and geologist alike for many years. These molecules have diverse physiological roles in a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic organisms and a shared evolutionary ancestry that is reflected in the elegant biochemistry required for their synthesis. Cyclic triterpenoids are also quite recalcitrant and are preserved in sedimentary rocks where they are utilized as “molecular fossils” or biomarkers that can physically link microbial taxa and their metabolisms to a specific time or event in Earth’s history. However, a proper interpretation of cyclic triterpenoid biosignatures requires a robust understanding of their function in extant organisms and in the evolutionary history of their biosynthetic pathways. Here, I review two potential cyclic triterpenoid evolutionary scenarios and the recent genetic and biochemical studies that are providing experimental evidence to distinguish between these hypotheses. The study of cyclic triterpenoids will continue to provide a wealth of information that can significantly impact the interpretation of lipid biosignatures in the rock record and provides a compelling model of how two natural repositories of evolutionary history available on Earth, the geologic record in sedimentary rocks and the molecular record in living organisms, can be linked.
A Negative Binomial Regression Model of the Observed Population Density of Heterodera glycines after Annual Corn Rotation in Nebraska.

In Nebraska, rotation of soybean (Glycine max) fields to corn (Zea mays) is a major practice to manage the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines). However, factors associated with SCN pop...
Explaining Toad Bones in Southern Appalachian Archaeological Deposits

Toad bones, sometimes occurring in great numbers in pit features and other contexts in Native American village and mound sites in the Appalachian Summit, have been interpreted as evidence that toads were consumed, used for their purportedly hallucinogenic toad venom, placed as ritual deposits, or naturally entrapped/intrusive. A paucity or lack of bones of the head in some contexts is suggestive of decapitation and consumption of toads. Alternatively, bones of the head may be less preservable, recoverable, or identifiable. This study examines toad remains on Appalachian Summit late precontact and contact period sites, reviews previous experimentation, and presents a new experimental study undertaken to identify agencies of accumulation. We propose that toads were regularly consumed and possibly as part of ritualized events associated with village and mound construction. The temporal and geographic restriction of this practice to the Pisgah and Qualla phases of the Appalachian Summit suggests subsistence ethnicity as alluded to in historical accounts.
Die Radiofamilie und andere frühe Rundfunkarbeiten

Noch vor ihrem literarischen Durchbruch auf den Tagungen der Gruppe 47 in den Jahren 1952 und 1953 erzielte Ingeborg Bachmann beim Sender Rot-Weis-Rot (RWR), dem amerikanischen Besatzungssender in Wien, eine gewisse Anerkennung als Radioautorin. Zwar stellte ihre neue Arbeit als Redakteurin und Script Writer bei diesem Sender keineswegs die Erfullung eines beruflichen Zieles dar, denn sie hoffte noch auf eine akademische Laufbahn (GuI, 112). Als sie jedoch im Marz 1951 von einer viermonatigen Paris- und London-Reise nach Wien zuruckkehrte und ihre Freundin und Mentorin Elisabeth »Bobbie« Locker ihr eine Stelle im Sekretariat der amerikanischen Information Services Branch (ISB) in Wien vermittelte, war dies der erste Schritt zu einer beruflichen Laufbahn im Dienst der amerikanischen Besatzungsmacht, der dann mehrere Monate spater »aus heiterem Himmel heraus« (so Bachmann, zit. nach McVeigh 2016, 77) die Einladung zur Mitarbeit beim RWR folgte.
AML-354: High-Dimensional Single-Cell Proteomic Analysis Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory AML

We designed a 51-parameter mass cytometry panel and interrogated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) heterogeneity to assess cellular hierarchy, anti-apoptotic molecules, exhaustion markers and targets for CAR T-cell therapy in R/R AML. We generated two-dimensional t-SNE maps to visualize distinct populations and observed significant heterogeneity among patients with regards to leukemic compartment composition. Notably, the leukemic bone marrow compartment harbored leukemia stem cells (CD34+CD38-), immature leukemic cells (CD34+CD38+), more differentiated leukemic blasts (CD33+CD34-) and major immune subsets. We initially assessed the distribution of anti-apoptotic molecules across leukemia compartments. Strikingly, Bcl-2 levels were considerably high within less-differentiated leukemic cell compartments and leukemic blasts with monocytic differentiation had significantly low levels of Bcl-2. On the contrary, we observed a trend towards higher Mcl-1 levels in differentiated leukemic cells. These findings provide a rationale for combining therapeutic modalities to target different leukemia subpopulations. Indeed, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 inhibitors resulted in highly synergistic effects in AML PDX models (Carter et.al 2018, 2019). Of interest, Bcl-xl was ubiquitously expressed across leukemic and immune cell clusters. Next, we assessed expression patterns of CAR T-cell targets expressed on leukemic cells and identified significant variegated expression patterns for all CAR T-cell therapy targets in R/R AML samples. CD123 demonstrated patchy distribution across immature and differentiated leukemic blasts while CD33 expression was the main characteristic of differentiated leukemic blasts. Of note, the immature leukemia compartment demonstrated variable levels of CD33 and complete lack of CD33 on CD34+ leukemic cells was observed in a subgroup of patients. CLL-1 expression was the most promising marker and expressed across almost all leukemia compartments. Nevertheless, CLL-1 expression on leukemic cells was not ubiquitous in a small group of patients. In line with leukemic cell heterogeneity, we found a significant degree of variation in immune cell composition. Inhibitory molecules PD-1 and TIGIT were significantly expressed on CD4 and CD8 T-cells respectively. Single-cell profiling of R/R AML using mass cytometry reveals significant heterogeneous expression patterns of molecules targeted by CAR T-cells, immunotherapeutic approaches and targeted therapies. This approach provides a rationale to adopt combinatorial therapeutic approaches to target distinct leukemic populations with widely varying target expression.
Political Perversion: Rhetorical Aberration in the Time of Trumpeteering: by Joshua Gunn, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2020, 208 pp., $27.50 (softcover), $82.50 (hardcover)

In a political moment plagued with conspiracy theories and other perversions of logic, Joshua Gunn's book Political Perversion: Rhetorical Aberration in the Time of Trumpeteering suggests that such...
The diastolic blood pressure J-curve revisited: An update

Abstract Hypertension remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent treatment guidelines stress more strict systolic blood pressure (SBP) targets without regard for abnormally low achieved diastolic blood pressures (DBP). However, as DBP falls below a critical level, adverse events increase, the so-called J-shaped curve. Proponents argue that the low DBP is causative due to reduced coronary perfusion during diastole with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas others postulate the J-curve represents reverse causality from underlying comorbidity. Most data are observational, derived from population-based cohorts or post-hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) conducted for other reasons. The purpose of this review is to analyze the observational studies performed over the last decade addressing the J-curve, with consideration of earlier data. Overall, a J-curve exists, but it remains uncertain whether low DBP is causative or instead reflects reverse causation from either diseased vasculature (widened pulse pressure) or severe underlying comorbidity. The most convincing data for causation come from studies restricted to patients with documented CAD, with evidence suggesting revascularization may mitigate risk. RCTs are needed to determine if a low DBP should preclude intensification of therapy, especially with documented CAD. Firm recommendations cannot be made with contemporary data.
Show Me the Amenity: Are Higher-Paying Firms Better All Around?

Do higher-paying firms offer more favorable work, or compensate for less favorable work? Using matched employee-employer data for the United States, this paper estimates the joint distribution of wages, amenities, and job satisfaction across firms. Forty-eight amenities are captured by applying topic modeling to workers' free-response descriptions of their jobs. There are three main findings. First, high-paying firms are high-satisfaction firms because they offer better amenities: 81-92 percent of the rise in job satisfaction from moving to a higher-paying firm reflects improved non-wage aspects. Second, workers, especially high-earners, are willing to pay for job satisfaction, gaining in amenity value at least 54-101 percent of the average wage when moving from the worst- to the best-amenity firms. Third, since the elasticity of amenity value to wages across firms is positive (1.0-1.8), incorporating non-wage amenities nearly doubles the variance in total compensation across firms. Wages therefore understate firm-level inequality.
Reasons, Rights, and Values

Introduction: practical reason, moral justification, and the grounds of value Part I. Reasons for Action: 1. Reasons, practical reason, and practical reasoning 2. Intrinsic value and reasons for action 3. The grounds and structure of reasons for action 4. Practical reason and the status of moral obligation Part II. Intuition, Obligation, and Virtue: 5. Intuitions, intuitionism, and moral judgment 6. Kantian intuitionism as a framework for the justification of moral judgments 7. Moral virtue and reasons for action 8. Virtue ethics in theory and practice Part III. Religion, Politics, and the Obligations of Citizenship: 9. Wrongs within rights 10. Religion and the politics of science: can evolutionary biology be religiously neutral? 11. Nationalism, patriotism, and cosmopolitanism in an age of globalization Index.
Self-Interaction Corrections Within the Fermi-Orbital-Based Formalism

Abstract In this chapter, we suggest a recent modification to the self-interaction correction, which allows one to recast the self-interaction correction into a form that is explicitly invariant to unitary transformations and which is also size extensive. In addition to restoring unitary invariance and a correct asymptotic potential the formulation seems to provide classical electronic positions, or descriptors, which seem to be in accord with Lewis structures. By explicitly introducing the constraint of unitary invariance, it has been found that the accuracy of binding energies in simple molecules is improved compared to the uncorrected density functional. The improvement in binding energies seems to be especially pronounced for systems containing pi bonds. Further as for the case of the original self-interaction corrected formulation, the results show that the improvement of the occupied-orbital eigenvalues, based on comparison to experimental ionization potentials, is retained in this formulation. This chapter includes a discussion of recent results on small molecules and a complete derivation of the equations required to calculate the positions of the Fermi-orbital descriptors. In addition to molecules that are clearly composed of single, double, and triple bonds, we provide an example on the benzene molecule that yields orbitals that adequately describe the resonant character of this system.
ECONOMIES AND DISECONOMIES: ESTIMATING ELECTRICITY COST FUNCTIONS

This paper presents estimates of the variable cost function ofelectricity generation. The cost function is estimated using a two dimensional definition of capacity utilization. Because electricity cannot be conveniently stored, generation facilities follow the load across demand cycles. Capacity utilization can be captured empirically in two ways. One is generation relative to capacity when a unit is connected to the system; the other is thepercent of time the unit is disconnected. The estimated cost function shows that both dimensions affect average cost, which generally declines as capacity utilization increases.
Sources and Movement of Salmonella through Integrated Poultry Operations: A Multistate Epidemiological Investigation

The prevalence of Salmonella from numerous sources in 32 integrated broiler operations of high- and low-performing broiler houses was characterized from four states across four seasons. Previous studies of Salmonella in broilers have been limited in scope, offering only a snapshot of pathogen prevalence as seen on a small number of individual farms. Twenty-six different sample types were collected from the hatchery to the end of processing, and Salmonella was found in all sample types. A total of 10,740 samples were analyzed for Salmonella, and 973 (9.1%) of these samples, including 49 of 798 (6.1%) carcass rinse samples, were Salmonella positive. Hatchery transport pads (389 of 765, 50.8%), flies (28 of 150, 18.7%), drag swabs (57 of 402, 14.2%), and boot swabs (20 of 167, 12%) were samples from which Salmonella was most frequently isolated. Thirty-six different serotypes were identified, and the most frequently encountered serotypes were Salmonella Senftenberg, Salmonella Thompson, and Salmonella Montevideo. Determining critical contaminating sources and following the movement of Salmonella through integrated poultry operations will help researchers and the industry develop practical intervention strategies.
Radar-based subglacial lake classification in Antarctica

[1] Subglacial lakes in East Antarctica can be separated into four categories specified by radar reflection properties. Definite lakes are brighter than their surroundings by at least 2 dB (relatively bright) and both are consistently reflective (specular) and have a reflection coefficient greater than −10 dB (absolutely bright). Dim lakes are relatively bright and specular but not absolutely bright, indicating nonsteady ice dynamics. Fuzzy lakes are both relatively and absolutely bright, but not specular, and may indicate saturated sediments or “swamps.” Indistinct lakes are absolutely bright and specular but no brighter than their surroundings. Lakes themselves and the different classes of lakes are not arranged randomly throughout Antarctica but are clustered around ice divides, ice stream onsets, and prominent bedrock troughs, with each cluster demonstrating a different characteristic lake classification distribution. The lake classification algorithm expands on previous studies and demonstrates a novel way to characterize ice-water interactions in East Antarctica.
Mr. Blakeslee Builds His Dream House: Agricultural Institutions, Genetics, and Careers 1900–1915

Between 1907 and 1915 Albert Francis Blakeslee transformed both himself and the Connecticut Agricultural College at Storrs into things neither had been at the beginning of the century. Using the varied commitments of the agricultural college and experiment station at which he worked as resources with which to build his career, Blakeslee began as a botanist and instructor in botany and ended as a geneticist and teacher of genetics. Moreover, he left behind at Storrs a legacy of genetic research and instruction in the form of an autonomous department of Botany and Genetics. The story of Blakeslee’s career at the Connecticut Agricultural College reveals the multifold ways in which agricultural researchers identified unique institutional resources and built unexpected careers and unanticipated institutional structures, a process which had a significant impact on the disciplinary growth of genetics in the United States.
Mdivi-1, a Novel Mitochondrial Fission Inhibitor, Exerts Cardioprotective Effects in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion (MI/R) Injury

MI/R results in cardiac contractile dysfunction and increased cell death. MI/R is initiated in part by uncoupling of the electron transport chain in mitochondria, which generates reactive oxygen sp...
Use of intranasal oxytocin in obstetrics

Abstract 1. 1. With use of intrauterine catheters to record uterine activity, the effect of intranasal administration of synthetic oxytocin was studied in a series of 23 pregnant subjects, 16 of whom were at or beyond term, the remainder begin at 38, 36, 34, 30, 28, 22, and 12 weeks, respectively. 2. 2. The drug was applied either in drops or in the form of a fine spray from a small plastic squeeze bottle. 3. 3. Following administration of the drug, any increase in uterine activity usually appears within 5 to 7 minutes. 4. 4. The peak activity is usually achieved within 10 to 20 minutes, after which there usually begins a slow decline toward the level of spontaneous activity. 5. 5. A single instantaneous intranasal application of the drug represents a very modest dose, the effect being roughly comparable to that brought about by the continous intravenous infusion of 2 mU of oxytocin per minute for 5 minutes. 6. 6. The contractions stimulated by oxytocin are indistinguishable in all characteristics from spontaneously occurring contractions. 7. 7. The amount of response induced by intranasal oxytocin is principally dependent upon the degree of sensitivity to oxytocin which the uterus has previously achieved.
On the prediction of sweep rate and directional selectivity for FM sounds from two-tone interactions in the inferior colliculus.

Abstract Two-tone stimuli have traditionally been used to reveal regions of inhibition in auditory spectral receptive fields, particularly for neurons with low spontaneous rates. These techniques reveal how different frequencies excite or suppress the response to an excitatory frequency of a cell, but have often been assessed at a fixed masker–probe time interval. We used a variation of this methodology to determine whether two-tone spectrotemporal interactions can account for rate-dependent directional selectivity for frequency modulations (FM) in the mustached bat inferior colliculus (IC). First, we quantified the response to upward and downward sweeping, linear, fixed-bandwidth FM tones centered at a unit’s characteristic frequency (CF) at 6 sweep durations ranging from 2 to 64 ms. Then, to examine how responses to instantaneous frequencies contained within the sweeps might interact in time, we varied the frequency and relative onset of a brief (4 ms) “conditioner” tone paired with a fixed 4-ms CF probe tone. We constructed “conditioned response areas” (CRA) depicting regions of suppression and facilitation of the probe tone caused by the conditioning tone. We classified the CRAs as predominantly excitatory (40.9%), inhibitory (22.7%), or mixed (36.4%). To generate FM response predictions, the CRAs were multiplied with spectrograms of the same sweeps used to assess response to FM. The predictions of FM rate and directionality were accurate by our criteria in approximately 20% of units. Conversely, the CRAs from the remaining units failed to predict FM responses as accurately, suggesting that most IC units respond differently to FM sweeps than they do to tone-pairs matched to the instantaneous frequencies contained in those sweeps. The implications of these results for models of FM directionality are discussed.
A directly fed Ku- to W-Band 2-Arm Archimedean spiral antenna

An 18 to 110 GHz two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna is directly fed using a monolithically integrated micro-coaxial Dyson balun. The feed line includes a multi-stage impedance transformer realized to match the nominal impedance of the antenna to 50 Ω. The antenna is designed for and fabricated with a surface micromachining process PolyStrata™ using a predetermined strata configuration. Impedance measurements of the antenna are performed up to 110GHz, with a VSWR < 2.5:1 achieved throughout the entire measured frequency band. The performance of a similar antenna with a custom tailored strata configuration was also discussed.
A quad-band receiver for GSM/GPRS/EDGE in 90 nm digital CMOS

A quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE receiver front-end including I and Q ADCs designed in 90nm digital CMOS technology is presented. The low band receiver designed for GSM850/GSM900 achieves 33dB gain, 1.9dB noise figure, 7.5dB of noise figure under blocking condition and -20dBm of in-band IIP3 with a power of 68mW, while the high band DCS/PCS receiver achieves 32dB gain, 2.2dB noise figure, 9.3dB of noise figure under blocking condition and -20dBm of in-band IIP3 with a power of 72mW. Total active area occupies 3mm/sup 2/.
A Review of: “The Oldways Table: Essays & Recipes from the Culinary Think Tank”

The Oldways Table introduces readers to the Oldways philosophy and approach to nutrition by gathering fifteen years of essays demonstrating their beliefs and summarizing the organization's initiati...