cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
UP-link: An ultra-low power implantable wireless system for long-term ambulatory urodynamics

Monitoring of bladder pressure, known as cystometry, is a key diagnostic tool in urodynamic studies of patients that exhibit lower urinary tract symptoms. Over the past few years, there has been an increased interest in ambulatory urodynamics due to the increased convenience and more realistic monitoring environment. This paper presents an ultra-low power implantable wireless platform, UP-Link, for long-term ambulatory bladder pressure monitoring. The proposed platform, which is built using off-the-shelf components and uses the MICS (Medical Implant Communication Service) radio frequency band for communication, enables more cost-effective and rapid development compared to existing ASIC-based solutions. The UP-Link platform is powered by two coin cell batteries with a total capacity of 560mAh and has an estimated battery life of several months to years. Results obtained through in vitro experiments demonstrate that the pressure data measured using UP-Link shows excellent agreement (0.995 using the intraclass correlation coefficient method) with measurements obtained using a commercial pressure gauge. An accelerated battery-life test was also performed, the results of which validate our lifetime estimates. The longevity of the UPLink platform enables ambulatory urodynamic studies at much longer time scales than current practice.
Higher Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Levels Among Hispanics in a Reference Population

The serum levels of many analytes have been shown to vary with the gender and racial background of the tested subjects. However, it is unclear whether serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels exhibit similar heterogeneity. To investigate the effect of gender and racial / ethnic background on serum ALT activity, we compared the serum ALT levels of 1,069 healthy hospital employees; 349 whites, 433 blacks, and 287 Hispanics. Hispanics, both men and women, had significantly higher ALT levels than their white (P <.001) and black (P <.01) counterparts. Blacks had levels intermediate between those of whites and Hispanics. The difference in serum ALT activity between blacks and whites was significant only among men. Men in all three groups had higher (P <.001) ALT levels than women. We conclude that there are significant racial and sex differences in ALT levels among healthy hospital employees and that these differences should be taken into consideration when interpreting serum ALT results.
The Activist Foundation of Sociology

The founding of the Association for Humanist Sociology in 1977 extended and redefined the values and practices that constituted the territory of sociology. The effort to redefine this territory gre...
The periodic table of elements — A basic engineering tool

Our sophisticated technical civilization produced a large number of highly specialized scientific fields, some of which seem to have very little in common. Recently, however, this trend of extreme specialization shows signs of a definite reversal. The main reason for this is the increasing recognition of the basic sciences as an all-important foundation on which all knowledge has to be built, and to which scientists and engineers have to reach back more and more frequently in their everyday work.
Telling and enacting stories in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy: implications for teaching psychotherapy

This paper is about teaching psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The approach to teaching is based on a view of the patient's plight or psychopathology, and on a way of listening to psychotherapeutic process, that focus on the stories a patient tells and enacts. The author relates how various experiences in his life led him to this narrative paradigm.
Treatment of bilharziasis due to Schistosoma haematobium infection.

The development of new drugs whose chemotherapeutic action is relevant to only one or other of the schistosome parasites which infect human beings has created a new and difficult situation in the routine treatment of bilharziasis in Africa. This articles details the progression of the treatment of Schistosoma Haematobium infection over the years.
Biology and Diseases of Dogs

Historically, the dog played an important role as a laboratory animal in biomedical research. Although numbers are declining, the use of dogs continues to be common in pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular studies. The normal biology of the dog as both a laboratory and a companion animal has been well studied and reference values are presented here as a clinical and experimental resource. This provides the necessary background to discuss the spontaneous diseases, including infectious and neoplastic conditions, prevalent in purpose bred as well as random source dogs used in biomedical research. In addition, diseases and conditions that arise secondary to the housing and experimental manipulation of dogs is discussed with emphasis on treatment and prevention.
Coordinating multiple agents for workflow-oriented process orchestration

Distributed component-based services and semantic web services are promising technologies for next generation inter-enterprise integration. The dynamic nature of this domain presents a complex problem for tools that intend to support this cross-organizational integration. However, the autonomy and adaptation of software agents represent a viable solution for the composition and enactment of cross-organizational services. Currently, there are few studies that measure the impact of the dynamic environmental effects on service composition. On an on-going basis, composite services or workflow processes of web services may be constantly changing in terms of responsiveness of services, accessibility of services and their meta-information, business process schema changes, etc. These conditions impact what interactions a team of agents must undergo to achieve a specific process derived of composite web services. This paper describes an approach, model, and supporting software toward the efficient design of interaction protocols for coordinating agent teams in the business process orchestration domain. This approach considers several environmental conditions related to the dynamism of the Internet.
Special Topics: Assays Applied to Both Health and Sports

It is clear that the more we know about how growth factors mediate modern biochemistry, the more it can be applied to augment the repair of diseased and damaged tissues. It is also possible that competitive advantage could be linked with the usage of growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and steroids in otherwise normal population of users. In this chapter, it is presented how the landscape has changed for both athletes and sports medicine in general. The goal here is not necessarily to address the inherent morality of sport and distinguishing between natural and engineered talent. But more to explain how better analytical tools and assays have made it easier to distinguish outliers from urinalysis and blood chemistry assays. Now armed with the capacity, it’s incumbent upon regulators of sport to resolve what is considered appropriate and inappropriate use of foods, medicines, and training aids which might be observed in performance related assays of participants.
Fabrication and characterization of a three-dimensional core-shell photonic-crystal lattice capable of negative refraction in the mid-infrared (Conference Presentation)

Interest in negative refraction has been motivated by the possibility of creating a “superlens” as proposed by Pendry (Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000)). This theoretical work showed that a material capable of negative refraction amplifies evanescent waves and allows this material to act as a lens with a resolution not limited by working wavelength. Although theory and some experiments have shown that certain metamaterials and photonic crystals (PhCs) can act as superlenses, realistic demonstration of negative refraction in the optical and infrared range remains a challenge. This is because most metamaterials employ lossy metal elements and most PhC structures found to exhibit negative refraction are made of positive index dielectric materials and are two-dimensional. Subwavelength imaging of a 3D object requires a 3D PhC capable of negative refraction. Inspired by the numerical simulations of Luo, et. al. (Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 2352 (2002)), we demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of a 500nm-diameter polymer core, 250nm-thick Germanium shell 3D photonic crystal lattice that exhibits negative refraction in the mid-infrared, centered around 8µm. This 3D photonic crystal resembles a BCC lattice of air cubes in dielectric media and was fabricated using two-photon lithography direct laser writing of an acrylic polymer resin scaffold followed by RF sputtering of Ge. The band structure of the lattice was mapped using FTIR spectroscopy reflectance measurements, and negative refraction was observed using far-field IR transmission imaging.
"Big data" in economic history.

Big data is an exciting prospect for the field of economic history, which has long depended on the acquisition, keying, and cleaning of scarce numerical information about the past. This article examines two areas in which economic historians are already using big data – population and environment – discussing ways in which increased frequency of observation, denser samples, and smaller geographic units allow us to analyze the past with greater precision and often to track individuals, places, and phenomena across time. We also explore promising new sources of big data: organically created economic data, high resolution images, and textual corpora.
Upper Airway Imaging in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

This chapter focuses on the role of imaging modalities in the evaluation of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and how these may advance the understanding of the anatomical and functional aspects of the disorder. This chapter emphasizes studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since this technique is noninvasive and provides the most quantitative and reliable data without ionizing radiation. Finally, this chapter describes newer imaging techniques that may further enhance our understanding about the mechanisms leading to childhood OSAS.
Metering Best Practices. A Guide to Achieving Utility Resource Efficiency, Release 3.0

DOE FEMP guide for metering best practices aligned with the DOE Metering Guidance revision required by the 12/2013 Presidential Memo.
The Search for a Better Accounting System: The Overlooked Concern

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the search for a better accounting system. The new form of accounting (NFA) can be viewed first as process, and second as uses. The broad framework upon which NFA can be built is described It shows that an accounting system must deal with a rich variety of data sources, with complex external relationships with stakeholders, and interactions with financial, and other markets. At the same time, NFA must make possible analysis for planning, and control at levels appropriate to the scale, and complexity of the issues. The NFA process begins with the collection of data in many forms. The will include financial, text, voice, video, and graphical components. The responsibility for aligning data gathering with user needs will be on going as will be the maintenance of quality. This is a proactive responsibility requiring close contact between users, and the accounting gatekeeper. It is found that once gathered in its manifold forms, the data must be stored for subsequent retrieval, and analysis.
Abstract B025: Multiplex three-dimensional mapping of mRNA and protein in the tumor microenvironment

Detecting oncogenic protein-coding messenger RNA (mRNA) in tumor tissues is a key assay for accurate cancer diagnosis. Along with cancer protein biomarker analysis, mRNA identification is critical for matching the appropriate treatment to individual patients. Likewise, cytokine mRNA localization in on-treatment biopsies enables evaluation of the antitumor response to immunotherapy by identifying the types and functional states of lymphocytes, for example distinguishing activated cytotoxic T-cells from naive T-cells. To assess mRNA localization, a biopsy is typically formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE), thin sections are cut, and then are stained for mRNA by chromogenic In situ hybridization (CISH). Analyzing samples by mRNA CISH typically takes a few days and requires considerable technical expertise. Recent progress in multiplexed fluorescence In situ hybridization (FISH) has enabled simultaneous analysis of multiple mRNA types in a single tissue section. Nonetheless, even if fully characterized, individual tissue sections cannot adequately represent the complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the tumor microenvironment. There remains a pressing need for a rapid sample-to-answer technology for multiplex 3D imaging of mRNA at sub-cellular resolution that is able to fully characterize the tumor microenvironment in intact biopsy tissues for cancer diagnosis and immunotherapeutic response analysis. To address these challenges, we have adapted Transparent Tissue Tomography (T3), a simple and fast tissue clearing and multiplex 3D imaging method, to analyze mRNA distribution in the tumor microenvironment. With T3, oncogenic and immunoregulatory cytokine mRNAs are readily localized in the context of cell types and other features in murine, patient derived xenograft (PDX), and head and neck tumors. This work establishes T3 as a tool for a quantitative, 3D spatial analysis of mRNA and protein distribution in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Steve Seung-Young Lee, David Scholten, Vytautas P. Bindokas, Stephen Kron. Multiplex three-dimensional mapping of mRNA and protein in the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B025.
Transdiagnostic therapeutic approaches: A global perspective

Abstract Although there have been significant gains in understanding the effectiveness of mental health treatments and potential delivery methods to increase sustainability and build capacity (e.g., task sharing), there continues to be barriers in providing and scaling up mental health services in LMIC. This chapter will focus on the relatively new transdiagnostic approach in LMIC that may help to further bridge the mental health treatment gap. We begin by defining transdiagnostic approaches, walk through the historical theory and rationale, and discuss its potential utilization and benefits in LMIC. We then review the current evidence for transdiagnostic treatments, pulling from both HIC and LMIC. Collectively, current literature crossing high- and low-income settings support the further development and investigation of transdiagnostic approaches that utilize lay community workers as viable treatment options that could help address implementation and sustainability barriers.
Word choice in mathematical practice: a case study in polyhedra

We examine the influence of word choices on mathematical practice, i.e. in developing definitions, theorems, and proofs. As a case study, we consider Euclid’s and Euler’s word choices in their influential developments of geometry and, in particular, their use of the term ‘polyhedron’. Then, jumping to the twentieth century, we look at word choices surrounding the use of the term ‘polyhedron’ in the work of Coxeter and of Grunbaum. We also consider a recent and explicit conflict of approach between Grunbaum and Shephard on the one hand and that of Hilton and Pedersen on the other, elucidating that the conflict was engendered by disagreement over the proper conceptualization, and so also the appropriate word choices, in the study of polyhedra.
Synthesis and Investigation of Novel Spiro‐isoxazolines as Anticancer Agents.

Several spiro-isoxazolines are prepared via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition followed by intramolecular cyclization of either alcohol or carboxylic acid precursors.
The complexities of development

Lisa Farley’s Childhood Beyond Pathology: A Psychoanalytic Study of Development and Diagnosis (2018, SUNY Press) reminds us how easy it is to fall into a habitual trap of diagnosing difference. At ...
Potential Clinical Advantages of Drug-Coated Balloon in Specific Clinical Settings

New generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have shown excellent results regarding rates of in-stent restenosis. Nevertheless limitations of DES still exist and include concerns about stent thrombosis, increased bleeding risk due to prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy, and limited access for future coronary bypass grafting. Not only these limitations, but also the increase of complex percutaneous coronary interventions as well as the establishment of hybrid revascularization strategies have led to the development of drug coated balloons (DCB). These interventional devices provide mechanical expansion to a coronary stenosis and deliver antiproliferative drugs without leaving permanent metal scaffolds behind. While there is already robust evidence for an indication of DCB angioplasty in the treatment of metallic in-stent restenosis, further clinical scenarios have been investigated for the use of DCB with promising results for some of them. Current data on clinical scenarios with potential advantages of DCB angioplasty are summarized in this chapter.
Increased Heart Rate Responsiveness after Heart Transplant is Associated with Increased Peak Oxygen Consumption and Treadmill Time in CPET

Introduction Chronotropic incompetence is very common after heart transplant. The extent to which it affects the functional capacity of heart transplant patients is unknown. We hypothesize that a higher heart rate responsiveness would be associated with improved peak oxygen uptake and may have long-term prognostic impact. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent heart transplantation and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in the first post-transplant year at a single large academic center between the year 2000 and 2011. Peak VO2 and total exercise time were assessed by CPET. Heart rate responsiveness was defined as the difference between peak and resting heart rate during CPET. The association of heart rate responsiveness with peak VO2 and total exercise time was analyzed using multivariable linear regression, and survival analysis was performed via a cox proportional hazard model. Results CPET was performed at our institution in 271 patients during the first year post heart transplantation at a median of 2.3 months. Subjects were 82% male, age 55 (IQR 45-61) at time of CPET. After multivariate adjustment, each ten beat/min increase in heart rate responsiveness was associated with a 0.9 ml/kg/min increase in peak oxygen consumption (p Conclusions Chronotropic incompetence after heart transplant is associated with decreased functional capacity but is not a prognostic indicator of mortality after transplant.
Nonprescription Medication Use in Hospice Patients

Objective:Patients admitted to hospice are more vulnerable to age-related physiologic changes, polypharmacy, and inappropriate medication use and monitoring. The objective of this study was to char...
Challenges and limitations of patient specific mitral valve 3D-printing

Purpose: 3D-printing of patient-specific phantoms such as the mitral valve (MV) is challenging due to inability of current imaging systems to reconstruct fine moving features and 3D printing constraints. We investigated methods to 3D-print MV structures using ex-vivo micro-CT. Materials and Methods: A dissected porcine MV was imaged using micro-CT in diastole, using a special fixation holder. The holder design was based on a patient ECG gated cardiac CT scan using as reference points the papillary muscles and annulus. Next the micro-CT volume was segmented and 3D-printed in various elastic materials. We tested different postprocessing techniques for support material removal and surface coatings to preserve the MV integrity. To test the error a Cloud Comparison of the porcine valve-mesh file and the valve-mesh file from the patient ECG gated cardiac CT scan was performed. Results: Best results for the 3D-printed models were achieved using TangoPlus poly-jet material with a Objet Eden printer. The error computation yielded a 2.6mm deviation-distance between the two aligned valves indicating adequate alignment. The post-processing methods for support removal were challenging and required 24+ hours sample-emersion in slow agitating sodium hydroxide baths. Conclusions: The most challenging part for MV manufacturing is 3D volume acquisition and the post-printing methods during support cleaning. We developed methods to circumvent both, the imaging and the 3D-printing challenges and to ensure that the final phantom includes the fine chordae and valve geometry. Using these solutions, we were able to create complete MV structures which could benefit medical research and device testing.
Rooting carbon dioxide removal research in the social sciences.

Reports from a variety of bodies have highlighted the role that carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and practices must play in order to try to avoid the worst effects of anthropogenic climate...
Flexible Bronchoscopy Training

Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) was introduced in the late 1960s, and it quickly became an integral part of the practice of pulmonary medicine in adults and children alike [1–3]. FB is a manual procedure and its success depends largely on the skills of the person who performs it. Although natural talent certainly helps, the ability to acquire (and perform) the skill depends in part on the way it is taught and on continuous practice.
Psychology of Gender

Noted for its fair and equal coverage of men and women, Psychology of Gender reviews the research and issues surrounding gender from multiple perspectives, including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and public health. Going far beyond discussions of biological sex and gender identity, the text explores the roles that society has assigned to females and males and the other variables that co-occur with sex, such as status and gender-related traits. The implications of social roles, status, and gender-related traits for relationships and health are also examined. The text begins with a discussion of the nature of gender and development of gender roles, before reviewing communication and interaction styles and how they impact our friendships and romantic relationships. It concludes with an exploration of how gender influences both physical and mental health. New to the 6th Edition: Emphasis on the intersectionality of gender, considering it as a part of wider social categories such as race, ethnicity, social class, and gender identity Recognition of the increasingly prevalent view that gender is nonbinary Extended coverage of LGBTQ individuals, their relationships, and their health Expanded discussions of key issues including gender-role strain, gender fluidity, women and STEM, parenthood, balancing family and work demands, online communication, and sexual harassment Accompanied by a comprehensive companion website featuring resources for students and instructors, alongside extensive student learning features throughout the book, Psychology of Gender is an essential read for all students of gender from psychology, women’s studies, gender studies, sociology, and anthropology.
Research as a Coping Mechanism for Racial Trauma: The Story of One Medical Student

The intersection of being a Black Woman in Medicine is a unique experience that exacerbates racial trauma and can lead to the hypervigilance, withdrawal, and emotional exhaustion that many minority...
Rapid Changes in Phospholipid Metabolism during Secretion and Receptor Activation

Publisher Summary Phospholipids are the major lipids in plasma membranes, and the major phospholipids in synaptosomal membranes are phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, with phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol (PI) being present in smaller amounts. This chapter describes the membrane asymmetry and structure, phospholipid methylation, and PI. The chapter presents two pathways of phospholipid metabolism, phospholipid methylation and phosphatidylinositol metabolism, which are both relatively minor pathways of synthesis and turn over rapidly. Each pathway is thought to be asymmetrically distributed in the membrane and activation of several different receptors increases their turnover. Phospholipid methylation appears to be affected by β-adrenergic, benzodiazepine, and other receptors that couple and aggregate with specific membrane proteins and do not increase PI turnover. In mast cells, PI synthesis is increased during antigen stimulation of histamine release, and this increase in synthesis is independent of calcium. Although the suggested sites of interaction between phospholipid methylation and PI turnover are hypothetical, they may serve a useful function. The exact routes of metabolism and their physiological role in exocytosis require further experimental validation.
High fidelity flight training devices in the training of ab initio flight students

The ever-increasing power of computers and the associated decrease in acquisition costs is now enabling the application of high fidelity simulation for the training of ab initio flight students. A two-year study at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University is examining a nonmotion flight training device with a wide field of view visual display, slow flight aerodynamic modeling and simulation of the slow flight envelope for use as the principle training medium for students earning a private pilot's certificate. A curriculum comprised of 60% simulated flight and 40% real flight is central to this study. The goal is to examine the degree of transfer effectiveness from flight training in state-of-the-art flight training devices to real aircraft.
Reconfigurable heterogeneous dsp/fpga based embedded architectures for numerically intensive computing workloads

Telecommunications and multimedia form a vast segment of the embedded systems market. Variations in standards coupled with the desire for software programmability often result in software based implementations executing on DSP cores. With the advent of data intensive media and communications workloads, computational demands of the DSP are ever increasing. Despite increases in clock rates, the computational demands of many wireless and multimedia video kernels far exceeds the available pipeline arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) resources of todays DSP devices. This thesis presents a hardware/software co-design methodology for partitioning real-time embedded multimedia applications between software programmable DSPs and hardware based FPGA coprocessors. Using a strict set of guidelines, input applications are partitioned between software executing on a programmable DSP and hardware based FPGA implementation. This methodology is applied to channel estimation firmware in 3.5G wireless receivers, as well as software based H.263 video decoders. These heterogeneous systems are prototyped using a custom simulation environment created for these studies, which models bit true cycle accurate heterogeneous embedded architectures. By partitioning performance critical kernels from software on the DSP to FPGA based loosely coupled coprocessors, significant performance gains over what is possible with modern DSP architectures are shown. This thesis also investigates the instruction and data level parallelism in modern digital signal processing and multimedia workloads, and presents a retargetable compiler infrastructure for multi-clustered VLIW style digital signal processor architectures. By recompiling existing workloads, the thesis compares the performance of aggressive hardware/software partitioning between modern DSP cores, and loosely coupled FPGA based coprocessors, and the performance of massively multi-clustered VLIW style architectures. The compiler infrastructure allows existing DSP kernels to be retargeted for user defined machine definitions. In doing this, the thesis shows that increased hardware parallelism within the DSP core can yield significant performance gains, as well as the amount of hardware necessary to compete with FPGA based performance. In conclusion, the thesis advocates application specific DSP design with increased hardware parallelism for modern signal processing and multimedia workloads, as well as loosely coupled hardware based coprocessors for truly high performance computing in these domains.
Suicide: A 15‐Year Review of the Sociological Literature Part I: Cultural and Economic Factors

Cultural and economic patterns from 130 sociological works on suicide from 1981 to 1995 are reviewed in this article. The traditional Durkheimian perspective on suicide was often questioned by research on the impact of the mass media, alcohol, class, modernization, religion, and politics. Major theoretical developments included the application of differential identification theory to Phillips's model of copycat suicide, the application of criminology's opportunity theory to suicide, and new explanations for the link between alcohol and the social suicide rate. Explanations are reviewed for the major new suicide trend: after half a century of convergence, male and female suicide rates are diverging. Finally, the review notes patterns of continued stability in suicide research findings in areas such as racial differences and economic strain.
Formal basis for algorithm comparisons in stochastic optimization

This paper establishes a framework for formal comparisons of several leading optimization algorithms, establishing guidance to practitioners for when to use or not use a particular method. The focus in this paper is four general algorithm forms: random search, simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation, simulated annealing, and evolution strategies. We summarize the available theoretical results on rates of convergence for the four algorithm forms and then use the theoretical results to draw some preliminary conclusions on the relative efficiency. Our aim is to contribute towards sorting out some of the competing claims of efficiency and to suggest a structure for comparison that is more general and transferable than the usual problem-specific numerical studies.
X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) is a measure of the difference in the absorption coefficient, with the helicity of incident circularly polarized light parallel and antiparallel to the local magnetization direction of the absorbing material. These measurements are typically made at x-ray energies spanning an absorption edge, where a deep atomic core electron is photoexited into the valence band. Because the binding energy of these core electrons is associated with specific elements, XMCD can be used to separately measure the magnetic contributions from individual constituents in a complex material, by tuning the incident beam energy to a specific edge. Furthermore, different absorption edges of the same element provide information on the magnetic contributions of different kinds of valence electrons within a single element. XMCD measurements yield two basic types of magnetic information, both of which are specific to the element and orbital determined by the choice of measured absorption edge. First, the strength of the dichroic signal is proportional to the projection of the magnetic moment along the incident x-ray beam direction. Thus, the signal can be used to determine magnetization direction for a sample in remanence or changes in the sample magnetization upon varying the applied magnetic field or temperature. Secondly, XMCD can be used to separate the orbital and spin contributions to the magnetic moment. This is possible through sum rules. This article concentrate on the techniques employed in the hard x-ray regime, but considerable mention will be made of soft x-ray results and techniques because of the fundamental importance in magnetism of the final states probed by edges in this energy regime. Emphasis is given to the methods used for the collection of XMCD spectra rather than to detailed analysis of specific features in the XMCD spectra of a particular edge. Keywords: x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD); principles; competitive techniques; related techniques; practical aspects; detection; method automation; sample magnetization; data analysis; initial interpretation; sample preparation; problems
THE ROLE OF FAMILY CONFLICT IN THE RELATION BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO COMMUNITY VIOLENCE AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

The current study examined the role of family conflict as a mediator in the relation between exposure to community violence and depressive symptoms. Two hundred thirty-two early adolescents (aged 11–16 years) completed a demographics questionnaire, the Survey of Exposure to Community Violence, the 9-item conflict subscale of the Family Environment Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory. Family conflict was found to be a significant mediator of the relation between exposure to community violence via victimization and depressive symptoms. Clinical efforts should seek to prevent or reduce conflict in families of youth experiencing community violence victimization. Future research should continue to evaluate microsystem factors as mechanisms through which exposure to community violence affects the psychological well-being of youth.
Drug-drug and drug-disease interactions with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause a number of drug interactions. They can displace other drugs from serum proteins, and some can affect the metabolism or decrease the renal elimination of other drugs. In addition, they can attenuate the pharmacologic effect of other drugs, such as diuretic and antihypertensive agents, without affecting their disposition. Lastly, many disease states and aging can affect the handling of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, mandating dose adjustment of some of these agents in certain clinical conditions. Some drugs may require more of these adjustments than others.
Silicon photonic components for integrated optical systems

We show that the properties of silicon can be changed profoundly when nanofabricated to below 5nm, resulting in larger bandgap emission and more efficient light generation. Moreover, three-dimensional nanostructures can be fabricated at these nanoscale dimensions by dynamic control over the dry etching process.
The Doctor: For Life and at the End of Life

The co-chair of the Institute of Medicine Committee on Approaching Death discusses changes needed in the care of patients approaching death and argues that treating physicians should remain fully p...
Prostaglandin E2 stimulates glutamate receptor-dependent astrocyte neuromodulation in cultured hippocampal cells

Recent Ca(2+) imaging studies in cell culture and in situ have shown that Ca(2+) elevations in astrocytes stimulate glutamate release and increase neuronal Ca(2+) levels, and that this astrocyte-neuron signaling can be stimulated by prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). We investigated the electrophysiological consequences of the PGE(2)-mediated astrocyte-neuron signaling using whole-cell recordings on cultured rat hippocampal cells. Focal application of PGE(2) to astrocytes evoked a Ca(2+) elevation in the stimulated cell by mobilizing internal Ca(2+) stores, which further propagated as a Ca(2+) wave to neighboring astrocytes. Whole-cell recordings from neurons revealed that PGE(2) evoked a slow inward current in neurons adjacent to astrocytes. This neuronal response required the presence of an astrocyte Ca(2+) wave and was mediated through both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptors. Taken together with previous studies, these data demonstrate that PGE(2)-evoked Ca(2+) elevations in astrocyte cause the release of glutamate which activates neuronal ionotropic receptors.
Eradication of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by Transgenic Expression of Recombinant DNASE1 , DNASE1L3 , DNASE2 , and DFFB Controlled by EGFR Promoter: Novel Strategy for Targeted Therapy of Cancer?

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is the most deadly among all gynecological cancers. Patients undergoing systemic therapies of advanced ovarian cancers suffer from horrendous side effects. Cancer survivors and their offspring suffer from iatrogenic consequences of systemic therapies: genetic mutations. The ultimate goal of our work is development of therapies, which selectively and completely eliminate cancer cells, but do not harm healthy cells. An important consideration for attaining this goal is the fact that ovarian cancer cells over-express EGFR or its mutants, what becomes the factor discriminating them from healthy cells - a potential facilitator of personalized therapy. Specific aim: The specific aim of this project was threefold: (1) to bioengineer suicide genes’ carrying vectors guided by synthetic antibodies for EGFRvIII and EGFR; (2) to genetically engineer DNA constructs for the human, recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, and DFFB controlled by the EGFR promoter; (3) to selectively eradicate ovarian cancer cells by intranuclear targeting of the transgenically expressed recombinant DNases. Methods: Synthetic antibodies for EGFR and EGFRvIII were selected from the human library and used to bioengineer biotag-guided transgenes’ vectors. Coding sequences for the human DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, DFFB controlled by the EGFR promoter were amplified from the human cDNA and genetically engineered into the plasmid constructs also coding for the fusions with NLS and GFP. The vectors carrying transgenes for the DNases were delivered in vitro into human ovarian cancer cells from ascites and cultures. Results: Synthetic antibody guided vectors delivered the transgenes for the recombinant DNases efficiently into the ovarian cancer cells. Transgenic expression and nuclear targeting of the DNases in those cells resulted in destruction of their genomes and led to their death, as validated by labeling with the molecular death tags. In healthy cells, which did not over-express EGFR, no changes were recorded. Conclusion: Targeted expression of the recombinant DNASE1, DNASE1L3, DNASE2, DFFB in the ovarian cancers in vitro resulted in their complete eradication, but had no effects upon the healthy cells. This novel therapeutic strategy has a potential for streamlining it into in vivo trials, as personalized, targeted therapy of ovarian and other cancers.
Interesting insights: Guest editorial. Images of Israel: a focus of forces.

This article offers an experiential account ofa visit to Israel, the host country of the 1985 International Council of Nurses. It represents an effort to grasp the essence of a place in which contrasts and juxtapositions abound. Putting the Israel experience in perspective aims to enhance our ability to mobilize personally as well as professionally as a worldwide social force.
Hypersonic speed and isentropic compressibility in m- and p-cresols

Abstract The hypersonic speed and dynamic isentropic compressibility of pure m- and p-cresols were measured by Brillouin spectroscopy in the temperature range from 303.2 to 373.2 K in the frequency region 5 to 6 GHz.
Molecular dynamics of individual alpha-helices of bacteriorhodopsin in dimyristol phosphatidylocholine. I. Structure and dynamics

Understanding the role of the lipid bilayer in membrane protein structure and dynamics is needed for tertiary structure determination methods. However, the molecular details are not well understood. Molecular dynamics computer calculations can provide insight into these molecular details of protein:lipid interactions. This paper reports on 10 simulations of individual alpha-helices in explicit lipid bilayers. The 10 helices were selected from the bacteriorhodopsin structure as representative alpha-helical membrane folding components. The bilayer is constructed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine molecules. The only major difference between simulations is the primary sequence of the alpha-helix. The results show dramatic differences in motional behavior between alpha-helices. For example, helix A has much smaller root-mean-squared deviations than does helix D. This can be understood in terms of the presence of aromatic residues at the interface for helix A that are not present in helix D. Additional motions are possible for the helices that contain proline side chains relative to other amino acids. The results thus provide insight into the types of motion and the average structures possible for helices within the bilayer setting and demonstrate the strength of molecular simulations in providing molecular details that are not directly visualized in experiments.
Multiple glaciations of the Cordon del Plata, Mendoza, Argentina

Abstract Evidence exists for four glaciations in the Rio Blanco basin west of Mendoza, Argentina. Morphology, superposition of tills, soil-profile development, loess thickness, and boulder weathering have been the techniques most useful in mapping the tills. Glaciers of Vallecitos (= Wisconsinan) age extended to 2600 m and left distinctive moraines. Tills of two pre-Vallecitos glacier advances cover the floor of the valley from 2600 m to below 2100 m, and remnants of one of the tills extend nearly to the junction with Rio Mendoza (1400 m) 13 km below the lowest Vallecitos moraines. These deposits were considered to be mudflows rather than tills by Polanski; however, the quartz sand grains examined with SEM have surface textures characteristic of glacial abrasion. The sediments, thus, are more likely glacial than mudflow deposits. One still older till caps ridges as much as 200 m above the present valley floor. Vallecitos glaciers did not smooth the walls of the wide valleys through which they flowed; the valleys had been enlarged by the larger ice tongues during one or more of the earlier glaciations. Frost shattering of the rhyolite and quartzite has altered much of the distinctive glacial valley shape, and talus lies between valley walls and Vallecitos lateral moraines. Holocene glaciations seem to be in phase with those of the Northern Hemisphere, and the Vallecitos glaciation coincided with oxygen isotope stage 2 and the Wisconsin of North America. The next older glaciation may correlate with oxygen isotope stage 6 and the Illinoian glaciation of North America. A till that underlies it is difficult to correlate and is clearly much older, but postdates the last major uplift of the range. It may represent isotope stage 12, and the period that followed it was more moist than other interglacial ages in this area. The oldest, Los Mesones, may correlate with Mercer's “Greatest Glaciation” of Patagonia, 1.0 to 1.2 m.y. ago. Although it is beyond the established oxygen isotope stages, a long cold period is present on the curves at this time, nd it coincides with one of the glaciations of the “Nebraskan—Kansan” complex of North America.
Carbon Nanotubes for High-Performance Electronics—Progress and Prospect

Carbon nanotube devices offer intrinsic advantages for high-performance logic device applications. The ultrasmall body of a carbon nanotube-the tube diameter-is the key feature that should allow aggressive channel length scaling, while the intrinsic transport properties of the nanotube ensure at the same time high on-currents. In addition, the narrowness of the tube is critical to implementation of novel device concepts like the tunneling transistor. By understanding the unique capabilities of carbon nanotubes and using them in unconventional designs, novel nanoelectronic applications may become feasible. However, much better control of materials quality must be obtained, and new fabrication processes must be developed before such applications can be realized.
Big Steel, Invention, and Innovation, Reconsidered

I. The basic issue, 457. — II. Status of the United States industry compared with the world industry as a whole, 458. — III. The United States and European industries compared, 461. — IV. Technological and economic complications in the decision process, 465. — V. The United States and Japanese industries compared, 470. — VI. The significance of 1962, 471. — VII. Conclusions, 473.
The moderating role of negative urgency on the associations between affect, dietary restraint, and calorie intake: An experimental study

Abstract The present study tested the moderating role of negative urgency (NU), a personality trait characterized by a tendency to act impulsively in the face of emotional distress, on the associations between dietary restraint, affect, and calorie intake following a mood manipulation. Undergraduate women reported levels of NU and dietary restraint and underwent a failure task intended to induce a negative mood. Participants then completed mood ratings and a sham taste assessment task in which calorie intake was measured. NU enhanced the association between dietary restraint and calorie intake, such that participants who reported higher levels of dietary restraint consumed more calories, and this effect was strongest among participants who were high on NU. NU also enhanced the association between positive, but not negative, affect and calorie intake. Specifically, participants who were high on NU and reported lower positive affect consumed more calories than participants who were low on NU. These findings suggest that NU plays a synergistic role in increasing calorie intake among individuals who engage in dietary restraint or experience low positive affect.
Personalized Medicine: Impact on Patient Care in Genetic Counseling

With the completion of the Human Genome Project and rapid advances in biotechnology, including next-generation sequencing techniques, it is undeniable that the era of genomic medicine is upon us. There are numerous examples of how this information and technology is already being used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic-based disease. We review some of the recent highlights in the field and discuss how these advances will impact medicine and the delivery of care connected to genomic information to patients and their families.
Internal stresses due to an oblate spheroidal inclusion: Misfit, inhomogeneity and plastic deformation effects☆

Abstract Internal stress in and around an oblate spheroidal inclusion is evaluated by using Eshelby theory. We consider three different sources of internal stress as a function of the aspect ratio and elastic moduli ratio; these are 1. (1) misfit effect, 2. (2) inhomogeneity effect 3. (3) plastic deformation effect. The misfit effect arises from the difference of thermal expansion coefficients of the matrix and inclusion. Normal stresses within the inclusion (or the principal stresses), maximum shear stress inside the inclusion, total strain energy and the normal stress at the matrix-inclusion boundary are determined. The inhomogeneity effect arises from the difference of the elastic moduli of the matrix and inclusion, which perturbs otherwise uniform applied stress. The direction of applied stress is parallel to the axis of revolution of the inclusion. Normal stresses within the inclusion and at the matrix-inclusion boundary are obtained. Plastic deformation of the matrix in the presence of a plastically non-deformable inclusion produces internal stresses, as shown by Ashby and by Tanaka and Mori. The approach developed by Tanaka and Mori is extended here to evaluate the internal stresses for the inclusion geometries appropriate to the analysis of technically important cases. The results of the present calculations in limiting cases agree with previously published calculations. Implications of the results are discussed in connection with several experimental studies.
Multiple-trapping-limited diffusion of charge carriers in an amorphous semiconductor

Abstract A new technique is used to measure the separation of charge when electron-hole pairs are excited near the surface of a-As2Se3. In the absence of applied fields, the separation results from diffusion of holes. The temperature and time dependences as well as the magnitude of the separation are in agreement with the predictions of the Multiple-Trapping model.