cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acoustic emission monitoring for corrosion damage detection and classification

Abstract Corrosion of steel reinforcement is a major deterioration mechanism in reinforced concrete structures that has led to highway bridge failures in the recent past. While prestressed and posttensioned concrete structures offer natural protection to the reinforcement by limiting crack development, the high stresses in prestressing strands and their geometry facilitate crevice corrosion that accelerates corrosion deterioration and may increase the risk of sudden failure. Traditional methods for corrosion detection, such as visual inspection and electrochemical measurements, are local, time-consuming, and may not be feasible in posttensioned concrete structures. This chapter summarizes recent efforts that utilize the acoustic emission technique for corrosion detection in passively reinforced, prestressed, and posttensioned concrete structures. Acoustic emission is sensitive to ongoing damage and can detect at both the micro and the macro level. The method is nonintrusive and can enable global assessment of the structural condition. The methodology is reviewed, and the results of accelerated corrosion experiments on specimens with different sizes and configurations are reported. In these studies, acoustic emission results are validated using electrochemical results and micrographs from scanning electron microscopy. A newly developed acoustic emission–based corrosion classification chart is also presented.
Effect of Modified Zexie Decoction on Renal Aquaporin-2 Expression in Hypertension Rats Induced by High-Salt

Objective To explore the effect of modified Zexie Decoction on renal aquaporin-2(AQP2) expressionin high-salt hypertensive rat. Methods Hypertensive rats model was established by feeding rat with 8% high salt. Rats(n=50) were divided into model group, modern medicine group, traditional Chinese medicine groups of high, medium, low dose,with 10 rats in each group. The other 10 rats were fed with ordinary diet as normal group. Rats in traditional Chinese medi-cine of high, medium, low groups were given Zexie Decoction suspension of 16.2, 10.8 and 5.4 g/(kg·d) respectively; Rats inmodern medicine group was given Valsartan hydrochlorothiazide 16.65 mg/(kg·d); the model group and normal group was ad-ministered with equal volume of distilled water. Animals were feed with medications at 1 m L/100 g by gavage for 4 weeks.On the 1st, 4th, 7th, 14 thand, 28 thday of administration, we measured SBP and collected 24 h urine. We employed immunohis-tochemistry to detect renal AQP-2 protein expression level and RT- PCR to detect renal AQP-2 m RNA transcription level.Results The rank of SBP from high to low is: model group traditional Chinese medicine medium and low dose groups traditional Chinese medicine high dose group and western medicine group normal group. The rank of urine volume fromhigh to low is: Western medicine group and traditional Chinese medicine high dose group traditional Chinese medicine me-dium and low dose group normal group, the difference was not statistically significant between traditional Chinese medi-cine medium and low dose group, or between western medicine group and traditional Chinese medicine high dose group.The renal AQP- 2 in epithelial cells along the collecting duct wall of rats in model group show brown particles which aredarker and wider distributed than those in normal group and traditional Chinese medicine of high, medium, low dose groups.RT- PCR results show that AQP-2 m RNA expression is highest in rats of model group and lowest in rats of traditional Chi-nese medicine high dose group(P 0.05). No statistical significance of AQP m RNA level was found between traditional Chi-nese medicine low group and model group(P 0.05). Conclusion Modified Zexie Decoction can lower blood pres-sure by inhibiting the expression of AQP-2.
SNSQUAL: A Social Networking Site Quality Model

This research develops and tests a new quality construct, SNS quality, and introduces SNSQUAL, a social networking site (SNS) quality model. SNSQUAL contains five independent dimensions that positively correlate with social media quality.
A Qualitative Investigation Comparing Psychosocial and Physical Sexual Experiences Related to Alcohol and Marijuana Use among Adults

Alcohol and marijuana are two of the most prevalent psychoactive substances and each may result in distinct psychosocial and physical sexual experiences and different sexual risk behaviors. With marijuana becoming more accepted in the US along with more liberal state-level policies, it is important to examine and compare users' psychosocial and physical sexual experiences and sexual risk behavior associated with these drugs. In this study, we interviewed 24 adults who recently used marijuana before sex. Participants were 50 % female and all self-identified as heterosexual and HIV-negative. Using thematic analysis, we compared self-reported psychosocial and physical sexual experiences of alcohol and marijuana. Participants described differences between drugs with regard to psychosocial (e.g., partner interactions and contexts before sex, partner choice, perceived attractiveness of self and others, disinhibition, and feelings of regret after sex) and physical sexual experiences (e.g., sexual dysfunction, dose effects, sensations of body/sex organs, length and intensity of sex, and orgasm). Alcohol use was commonly associated with social outgoingness and use facilitated connections with potential sexual partners; however, alcohol was more likely than marijuana to lead to atypical partner choice or post-sex regret. Both alcohol and marijuana had a variety of negative sexual effects, and the illegality of marijuana reportedly facilitated intimate encounters. While sexual experiences tended to be similar across males and females, we did find some variation by gender. Results can inform prevention and harm reduction programming that will allow us to design more realistic programs and to craft interventions, which guide potential users to make safer choices.
Partitioning N2O emissions within the U.S. Corn Belt using an inverse modeling approach

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions within the US Corn Belt have been previously estimated to be 200–900% larger than predictions from emission inventories, implying that one or more source categories in bottom-up approaches are underestimated. Here we interpret hourly N2O concentrations measured during 2010 and 2011 at a tall tower using a time-inverted transport model and a scale factor Bayesian inverse method to simultaneously constrain direct and indirect agricultural emissions. The optimization revealed that both agricultural source categories were underestimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) inventory approach. However, the magnitude of the discrepancies differed substantially, ranging from 42 to 58% and from 200 to 525% for direct and indirect components, respectively. Optimized agricultural N2O budgets for the Corn Belt were 319 ± 184 (total), 188 ± 66 (direct), and 131 ± 118 Gg N yr−1 (indirect) in 2010, versus 471 ± 326, 198 ± 80, and 273 ± 246 Gg N yr−1 in 2011. We attribute the interannual differences to varying moisture conditions, with increased precipitation in 2011 amplifying emissions. We found that indirect emissions represented 41–58% of the total agricultural budget, a considerably larger portion than the 25–30% predicted in bottom-up inventories, further highlighting the need for improved constraints on this source category. These findings further support the hypothesis that indirect emissions are presently underestimated in bottom-up inventories. Based on our results, we suggest an indirect emission factor for runoff and leaching ranging from 0.014 to 0.035 for the Corn Belt, which represents an upward adjustment of 1.9–4.6 times relative to the IPCC and is in agreement with recent bottom-up field studies.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Major Surgical Site Infections in Aesthetic Surgery: Analysis of 129,007 Patients

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent one of the most common postoperative complications in patients undergoing aesthetic surgery. Objectives This study reports the incidence and risk factors of major SSIs following aesthetic surgery. Methods A prospective cohort of patients who underwent aesthetic surgery between 2008 and 2013 was identified from the CosmetAssure database. Primary outcome was occurrence of a major SSI requiring emergency room visit, hospital admission, or reoperation within 30 days of the index operation. Univariate and multivariate analysis evaluated potential risk factors for SSIs including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetes, type of surgical facility, procedure by body region, and combined procedures. Results A total of 129,007 patients were identified, of which 599 (0.46%) had a major SSI. Mean age (43.8 ± 12.4 years vs 40.9 ± 13.9 years, P < .01) and BMI (27.3 ± 5.5 kg/m2 vs 24.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2, P < .01) were higher in patients with SSIs. Patients with a SSI were more likely to be smokers (10.5% vs 8.2%, P = .04) and diabetic (4.5% vs 1.8%, P < .01). Females suffered more SSI than males (0.5% vs 0.3%, P = .02). Trunk/extremity procedures had a higher incidence of SSI compared to breast or face procedures (0.9% vs 0.2%, P < .01). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of SSI included age (Relative Risk [RR] 1.01), female gender (RR 1.86), BMI (RR 1.07), smoking (RR 1.61), diabetes (RR 1.58), hospital or ambulatory surgery center procedures (RR 1.39), trunk/extremity procedures (RR 2.42), and combined procedures (RR 1.88). Conclusions SSIs following cosmetic surgical procedures are associated with numerous independent predictors, which should be taken into consideration when counseling patients undergoing aesthetic surgery. Level of Evidence 2![Graphic][1] Risk [10.1093/asj/sjw128][2] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1093/asj/sjw128
Music Without Scores

A score is to a symphony as a formula is to a rotation; it has all of the instructions, but it does not contain any gestures within itself. If the formula is essential to a rotation, then one may also conclude that the score is critical to a symphony. This leads us to ask, can music exist without the score? The answer is yes. Given that real music is derived from gestures, then we must study the gestures that inherently exist. If we can understand gestures without a score, we can only better understand gestures that are accompanied by a score. However, in the score’s existence, there is no action or progression of time. Such is the belief of many musicians trained both classically and in jazz. In this chapter, we will examine the works of free-jazz pianist Cecil Taylor and the works of robots.
Binding, sliding, and function of cohesin during transcriptional activation.

The ring-shaped cohesin complex orchestrates long-range DNA interactions to mediate sister chromatid cohesion and other aspects of chromosome structure and function. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the complex binds discrete sites along chromosomes, including positions within and around genes. Transcriptional activity redistributes the complex to the 3′ ends of convergently oriented gene pairs. Despite the wealth of information about where cohesin binds, little is known about cohesion at individual chromosomal binding sites and how transcription affects cohesion when cohesin complexes redistribute. In this study, we generated extrachromosomal DNA circles to study cohesion in response to transcriptional induction of a model gene, URA3. Functional cohesin complexes loaded onto the locus via a poly(dA:dT) tract in the gene promoter and mediated cohesion before induction. Upon transcription, the fate of these complexes depended on whether the DNA was circular or not. When gene activation occurred before DNA circularization, cohesion was lost. When activation occurred after DNA circularization, cohesion persisted. The presence of a convergently oriented gene also prevented transcription-driven loss of functional cohesin complexes, at least in M phase-arrested cells. The results are consistent with cohesin binding chromatin in a topological embrace and with transcription mobilizing functional complexes by sliding them along DNA.
Measuring host plant selection and retention of Halyomorpha halys by a trap crop

Trap cropping may exploit a pest's dispersal and host selection behavior in order to protect a desired crop. Here, we used a combination of visual sampling, immunomarking, and harmonic radar to assess host plant selection and retention time of the highly mobile and invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), as it moves within and between a polyculture trap crop of sorghum and sunflower, and a bell pepper cash crop. Visual sampling demonstrated no significant differences in H. halys densities across crops, whereas dislodging stink bugs to collect for protein analysis revealed ca. 4× more bugs in the trap crop plants than in the peppers. In total 145 H. halys were collected and of these 6% were doubly marked with proteins, demonstrating that minimal movement occurred between the two planting systems. Tracking tagged H. halys with harmonic radar revealed that the trap crop retained adult H. halys within the plots 1.5× longer and reduced their movement by nearly half compared with bugs released in the pepper cash crop. The data suggest the trap crop of sunflower plus sorghum has the potential to attract and arrest the invasive H. halys, demonstrating that trap cropping may operate as an effective management tool.
Is tumor cellularity in primary invasive breast carcinoma of prognostic significance

Many methods of analysis to predict survival of invasive mammary carcinoma in the post-neoadjuvant setting utilize tumor cellularity alone or in combination with other tumor features. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor cellularity in primary non-treated carcinoma. We used 366 cases of invasive breast carcinoma to determine invasive tumor cellularity (%) by reviewing a representative excisional tumor section and correlated this with breast cancer recurrence (BCR) and overall mortality (OM). Mean patient age was 58 years (range, 21-91) and median follow-up was 87 months (range, 0.7-165). Of the cases, 25% were Nottingham grades I, 41% grade II, and 32% grade III. The Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) ranged from 2.06 to 6.8 (mean 3.93). Estrogen receptor was positive in 66% and negative in 25% of cases. Cellularity ranged from 2 to 99% (mean 47.6%). The OM hazard ratio increased by 1.73 for every unit increase in NPI (P < 0.00005; 95% confidence interval 1.45-2.05) The BCR hazard ratio increased by 2.011 for every unit increase in NPI BCR (P < 0.00005; 95% confidence interval 1.62-2.50). Cellularity, unadjusted for other covariates, was not significantly associated with either OM or BCR. When adjusted for NPI, cellularity still showed no significant relation to OM or BCR. The same analysis performed on estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative subgroups continued to show no relation between cellularity and OM or BCR. In conclusion, despite its utility in the neoadjuvant setting, we were unable to show that cellularity is predictive of survival in primary breast carcinomas.
Living building: a building block of smart cities

Smart cities are being developed in different parts of the world. Developments focus on how municipalities can make these cities efficient where citizen's life is convenient, safe, and productive. Challenges in smart cities can be categorized in, networking and data processing and analysis, infrastructure development and resilience, citizen life and governance, and energy and buildings. Buildings constitute a key building block that will play a key role in developing smart cities. Residential buildings are used to develop our homes, commercial buildings are used for government services, as well as different industries. Buildings consume 50% of our energy and can be used to produce energy through rooftop solar energy. This position paper presents a concept of living a building, a building capable of behaving as if it is a living organism to achieve its objective in a sustainable way.
Mitochondrial DNA damage and reactive oxygen species in neurodegenerative disease

Mitochondria are essential organelles within the cell where most ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). A subset of the genes needed for this process are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). One consequence of OXPHOS is the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), whose role in mediating cellular damage, particularly in damaging mtDNA during ageing, has been controversial. There are subsets of neurons that appear to be more sensitive to ROS-induced damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge in the field of mtDNA and neurodegeneration, the debate about ROS as a pathological or beneficial contributor to neuronal function, bona fide mtDNA diseases, and insights from mouse models of mtDNA defects affecting the central nervous system.
Sphenopalatine ganglion: block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation - a systematic review

Sphenopalatine ganglion is the largest collection of neurons in the calvarium outside of the brain. Over the past century, it has been a target for interventional treatment of head and facial pain due to its ease of access. Block, radiofrequency ablation, and neurostimulation have all been applied to treat a myriad of painful syndromes. Despite the routine use of these interventions, the literature supporting their use has not been systematically summarized. This systematic review aims to collect and summarize the level of evidence supporting the use of sphenopalatine ganglion block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation. Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were reviewed for studies on sphenopalatine ganglion block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation. Studies included in this review were compiled and analyzed for their treated medical conditions, study design, outcomes and procedural details. Studies were graded using Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine for level of evidence. Based on the level of evidence, grades of recommendations are provided for each intervention and its associated medical conditions. Eighty-three publications were included in this review, of which 60 were studies on sphenopalatine ganglion block, 15 were on radiofrequency ablation, and 8 were on neurostimulation. Of all the studies, 23 have evidence level above case series. Of the 23 studies, 19 were on sphenopalatine ganglion block, 1 study on radiofrequency ablation, and 3 studies on neurostimulation. The rest of the available literature was case reports and case series. The strongest evidence lies in using sphenopalatine ganglion block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation for cluster headache. Sphenopalatine ganglion block also has evidence in treating trigeminal neuralgia, migraines, reducing the needs of analgesics after endoscopic sinus surgery and reducing pain associated with nasal packing removal after nasal operations. Overall, sphenopalatine ganglion is a promising target for treating cluster headache using blocks, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation. Sphenopalatine ganglion block also has some evidence supporting its use in a few other conditions. However, most of the controlled studies were small and without replications. Further controlled studies are warranted to replicate and expand on these previous findings.
Abstract 19576: Identification of a Novel Signaling Pathway for S1P Mediated Cardioprotection

Background — Recently, we demonstrated that activation of the small GTPase RhoA in cardiomyocytes induces striking protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The GPCR agonist, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), well known for its profound protective effects on I/R injury, activates RhoA. Here we asked whether S1P protects cardiomyocytes through RhoA signaling and further characterized the mechanism and downstream targets responsible. Methods and Results — We determined that stimulation of the isolated perfused mouse heart with S1P activates RhoA and protein kinase D (PKD). Phospholipase Ce (PLCe) is a newly identified RhoA target. Genetic deletion of PLCe fully abolishes PKD activation by S1P and blocks S1P mediated protection from I/R injury. Cardioprotection by S1P is also abolished in PKD1 -/- (KO) mice. We used the neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) model to confirm these findings and further elucidate molecular mechanisms. S1P elicits robust activation of PKD in NRVMs through effects on RhoA (blocked with C3) and PLCe (blocked with siRNA). PKD is required for S1P mediated protection against H 2 O 2 induced cell death implicating PKD as a pro-survival target of S1P/RhoA/PLCe signaling. We further identified the PKD substrate Slingshot 1L (SSH1L) as an S1P target that is regulated through PKD mediated phosphorylation. Importantly, regulation of SSH1L by S1P reduces translocation of Cofilin2, an SSH1L substrate, to the mitochondrion in response to H 2 O 2 . In addition, we demonstrate that Cofilin2 co-IPs with the pro-death protein Bax and that mitochondrial translocation of Bax is inhibited through this pathway by S1P. Finally, we demonstrate that S1P significantly reduces translocation of Cofilin2 and Bax to mitochondria, in parallel with its ability to protect the isolated heart against I/R injury. Conclusion — These studies reveal previously unknown mechanisms through which GPCR agonists that activate RhoA induces cardioprotection. In addition they define multiple new molecular players (PLCe, PKD, SSH1L and Cofilin2) that converge at the level of the mitochondrion to protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress.
Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication of cancer associated with increased mortality and adverse quality of life. Patients with hematologic malignancies have recently been recognized to be among those at highest risk for cancer-associated VTE, presenting as either deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Risk factors for VTE associated with hematologic malignancies include the type of malignancy, specific therapeutic agents and central venous catheters used in chemotherapy delivery. Several studies of thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients have been conducted establishing low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), unfractionated heparin (UFH) and factor Xa inhibitor to be safe and effective forms of thromboprophylaxis in the inpatient setting. LMWHs have also emerged as the standard of care for long-term anticoagulation in cancer patients. However, prophylactic anticoagulation is not recommended for hematologic cancer outpatients with the exception of myeloma patients receiving thalidomide- or lenalidomide-based regimens. Ongoing research is focused on further identification of ambulatory hematologic cancer patients at high risk for VTE using a risk model or biomarkers as these patients may also benefit from thromboprophylaxis.
Metabolic effects of liquid protein.

Chemical and biological analyses indicated that the commercial, predigested liquid protein product used in this study contained an imbalanced mixture of amino acids.
Risk minimization, probability elicitation, and cost-sensitive SVMs

A new procedure for learning cost-sensitive SVM classifiers is proposed. The SVM hinge loss is extended to the cost sensitive setting, and the cost-sensitive SVM is derived as the minimizer of the associated risk. The extension of the hinge loss draws on recent connections between risk minimization and probability elicitation. These connections are generalized to cost-sensitive classification, in a manner that guarantees consistency with the cost-sensitive Bayes risk, and associated Bayes decision rule. This ensures that optimal decision rules, under the new hinge loss, implement the Bayes-optimal cost-sensitive classification boundary. Minimization of the new hinge loss is shown to be a generalization of the classic SVM optimization problem, and can be solved by identical procedures. The resulting algorithm avoids the shortcomings of previous approaches to cost-sensitive SVM design, and has superior experimental performance.
Fabrication of nanostructures using natural synthesis: optical materials using silk

Abstract: Biopolymers are promising building blocks for a new generation of green devices. Silk proteins represent a unique family of biopolymers due to their novel structural and biological properties, which serve as a broad inspiration to develop biological foundries for technological applications that leverage nature’s materials as their main constituents. This chapter focuses on the opportunities offered by the material as a promising biopolymer platform for high technology applications in optics and photonics, electronics and optoelectronics.
Regulating Executive Pay: Assessing the Impact of the Tax-Deductibility Cap on Executive Compensation

This paper considers the effects of the 1993 legislation limiting the deductibility of non-performance-based executive compensation for corporate income tax purposes. We begin by describing the specific provisions of the legislation, and we discuss its possible effects on overall compensation levels and the relative importance of different components of compensation. Our empirical analysis focuses first on modeling firms' decisions about how to comply with the law. We then present results on the effects of the tax cap on compensation. Generally, we find that firms affected by the law are increasing salary more slowly than non-affected firms, thought performance-related components of compensation continue to grow. In fact, we find that firms that qualified their stock plan as performance-based have increased non-cash compensation more than other firms. That finding may suggest that boards designate very high potential stock awards as performance-based to exempt them from the deductibility limitation and then fail to withhold all or part of the award.
Tenth Order Mock Theta Functions: Part III, Identities for χ 10 ( q ), X 10 ( q )

The previous chapter provided an account of S. Zwegers’ ingenious proofs of the first four identities that appear on page 9 of Ramanujan’s Lost Notebook [232]. Identities (5) and (6) have not yielded to Zwegers’ approach. The methods of [218] give proofs not only of the two entries below but also of the four entries treated in Chapter 8
Parity-Time Symmetry in Scattering Problems

The realization that non-Hermitian parity-time (PT) symmetric Hamiltonians can exhibit entirely real spectra has raised considerable interest in the physics and engineering communities. In the context of optics and photonics, in particular, mathematical analogies with quantum mechanical problem have enabled several breakthrough in terms of observing and utilizing PT-symmetry in closed guided-wave systems. On the other hand, less attention has been paid to the scattering behavior of open PT-symmetric systems. In this chapter, we consider canonical PT-symmetric open systems and explore some of the scattering characteristics of coupled waveguide cavity arrangements. In this regard, we show how an open PT-symmetric configuration can be compared to a closed system, and how the scattering properties are related to the spectral properties of the PT-symmetric system and the associated phase transitions. Afterwards, different scattering geometries are explored in one, two and three dimensions. In addition, we review recent investigations on this topic and highlight opportunities for future research.
Bronchoalveolar lavage with pediatric flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope in pediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: Nursing considerations for operative complications.

PURPOSE Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with pediatric flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in pediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients with pulmonary complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate complications in pediatric HSCT patients undergoing BAL/FB and to explore the nursing emphases on complications. DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a retrospective, case-controlled study to evaluate perioperative complications of HSCT children. BAL/FB was conducted for 42 children with HSCT who experienced pulmonary complications between January 2017 and January 2018 within a tertiary hospital. Forty patients diagnosed with general pneumonia were randomly selected during the same period and served as the control group. We analyzed the signs and symptoms of all patients and compared the operative complications between the two groups. Furthermore, we presented the methods used to manage complications. RESULTS The presence of cough, lung rales, and imaging findings in the HSCT patients was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.0001). The complication rate was 66.67% (28/42) in the HSCT group and 22.5% (9/40) in the control group, and the difference was significant (p < 0.0001). Twelve out of 42 HSCT patients experienced airway mucosal bleeding (28.57%), and six had transient fever (14.29%). The topical use of epinephrine diluted saline (1:10,000) was highly effective for controlling airway mucosal bleeding without causing fluctuations in blood pressure. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS There were more perioperative complications in the HSCT patients than in the general pneumonia patients who underwent BAL/FB. Airway mucosal bleeding was a key focus of perioperative nursing in HSCT patients undergoing bronchoscopy as main complication. BAL with the use of epinephrine diluted saline (1:10,000) effectively decreased airway mucosal bleeding.
The Effects of Didactic Instruction and Performance Feedback on Paraeducator Implementation of Behavior Support Strategies in Inclusive Settings

Many paraeducators have no formal education beyond high school and are provided with minimal training once on the job. Furthermore, as more schools turn to inclusionary practices, the impetus for h...
How much material can a recycling facility source? A business-incentive based model for secondary material sourcing applied to waste LCD screen material

Abstract For low value waste materials, the ability to economically recycle scrap can be inhibited by the transportation costs associated with collecting sufficient material at a central location to reach a threshold economy of scale. Waste liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, once removed from their host devices, are an example of such a material. An economic model has been developed for estimating the amount of material that could be consolidated at a central recycling facility for processing by optimizing for the internal rate of return (IRR) for constructing and operating such a facility. The results show that the population density and high landfill tipping fees of the northeastern United States make New York and New Jersey the states associated with the highest IRR. Process sensitivity analyses reveal that for standard grade commodities produced from LCD glass, only nine states – all in the northeastern US – exhibit an IRR greater than 10% and only process about one third of the US and Canada’s LCD screen waste. For a recycler producing a high value liquid crystal product and a value-added glass product from the same waste, the impact of transportation costs becomes negligible and a facility could be operated in a state of one’s choosing to process all of the US and Canada’s waste with little impact on IRR. For the principal processing flow sheet investigated, the optimal plant capacity is estimated to be about 11,000 tonnes per year.
Post-exertional malaise is associated with greater symptom burden and psychological distress in patients diagnosed with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Abstract Objective Post-exertional malaise (PEM) is often considered a cardinal symptom of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). There is no gold standard diagnostic method for CFS, however, and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Fukuda case definition does not require PEM. Research has identified differences in symptom burden between patients according to PEM, but whether it is associated with psychological distress has not been investigated. Methods The CDC CFS Inventory, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Profile of Mood States, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and subscales of the Sickness Impact Profile were administered to 261 patients diagnosed with the Fukuda criteria. PEM status (loPEM/hiPEM) was determined via self-reported post-exertional fatigue severity. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age and gender, assessed cross-sectional group differences, and cross-sectional linear regressions using the continuous PEM severity predictor paralleled these analyses. Results hiPEM patients reported greater symptom intensity, frequency, and interference than loPEM counterparts (p's Conclusion This study replicates the association between PEM and symptom burden and additionally associates PEM with psychological distress; psychological distress could, however, be a consequence of symptom burden. Differences between hiPEM and loPEM CFS patients highlight the heterogeneity of diagnoses resulting from the Fukuda criteria. It is also possible that PEM identifies particularly distressed patients for whom psychological intervention would be most beneficial.
Toward UAV Control via Cellular Networks: Delay Profiles, Delay Modeling, and a Case Study Within the 5-mile Range

While some unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can operate with a given degree of autonomy (e.g., path following, obstacle avoidance, auto return, and other flight modes), many civilian drones have a safety pilot standby all the time for abnormal conditions. This is typically done within line-of-sight (LOS) due to regulations. While flying within LOS, radio frequency communication remains a popular alternative for retail pilots. For beyond line of sight operations, given the availability of cellular technologies, the UAV community has explored the possibility of using the cellular network instead, which could bring benefits such as an additional channel for control and telemetry, extension of range, and allowing the UAV to interact with cloud services while it flies, via a data connection. With the current prevalence of data supporting communication over 3G and 4G networks, the following representative technologies have been used for long-distance control—short message service (SMS), transmission control protocol (TCP), message queue telemetry transport (MQTT), and the so-called “protocol-independent” service PubNub. While the safety of drone flights is highly prioritized by regulators, the issue becomes even more highlighted when control commands are transmitted via cellular network channels (e.g., 4G long-term evolution, SMS) which can introduce time delays in communication chains and degrade pilot's ability to properly control UAVs. This article reviews common UAV communication protocols over cellular links and presents a technique for measuring and modeling delays over such channels. The quality-of-fit for the proposed models is measured for different communication protocols, short versus long-range communication, and different UAV operation modes. Finally, details are presented for a system that manipulates a drone via the cellular network and latency is measured for such system.
Risk factor information found in medical records of lung and prostate cancer cases, New Mexico Tumor Registry (United States)

The conduct of public health surveillance and epidemiologic investigations would be enhanced by a cost-effective method for the collection of population-based cancer risk-factor data. We assessed the feasibility of ascertaining such data from hospital medical records during routine abstraction of information from a cancer registry. We examined the medical records of a representative sample of prostate and lung cancer cases diagnosed during 1992 and 1993 from the New Mexico (United States) Tumor Registry (NMTR) database. Registry personnel abstracted ancillary information from the medical records of 575 prostate and 273 lung cancer cases. Of medical records from 848 cases, 90 percent documented a history of tobacco use, 77 percent contained any family medical history, and 48 percent documented occupational information sufficient to allow coding into standard occupational groups. Availability of occupation and industry varied by patient ethnicity, age at diagnosis, marital status, and type of hospital, indicating the potential for bias in studies using occupational information from medical records. Our findings suggest that risk factor information abstracted from medical records may provide valuable information for public health surveillance, but is generally too incomplete to serve as a single source of exposure information for etiologic studies. Family histories in medical records may be sufficient for population-based ascertainment of affected relative pairs for genetic epidemiology studies for some cancer types.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum: In Vitro Fertilization and Non-In Vitro Fertilization and Placenta Accreta Spectrum in a Massachusetts Cohort.

Objective The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has been increasing in the United States. In addition, there has also been an increase in the utilization of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The IVF pregnancies confer an increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, but there is limited data on whether IVF is associated with PAS. The aim of this study is to assess the association between IVF and the risk of PAS. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of deliveries from January 1, 2013 to August 1, 2018 at a tertiary hospital in the Massachusetts. IVF pregnancies were compared with non-IVF pregnancies, and PAS diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology reports. Hospital administrative data and medical record review were used, and supplemented with data from birth certificates from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Results We identified 28,344 pregnancies that met inclusion criteria, of which 1,418 (5.0%) were IVF pregnancies. The overall incidence of PAS was 0.4% (2.2% in the IVF group and 0.3% in the non-IVF group). Women who underwent IVF had 5.5 times the risk of PAS (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–8.7) compared with women in the non-IVF group, adjusted for maternal age, nulliparity, and year of delivery ( Table 5 ). Compared with women in the non-IVF group, the IVF group had fewer prior cesarean deliveries (22.6 vs. 64.2%) and a lower prevalence of placenta previa (19.4 vs. 44.4%). Conclusion Women with an IVF pregnancy carry an increased risk of PAS compared with non-IVF. Among women who underwent IVF, there was a lower prevalence of prior cesarean deliveries and placenta previa. Future work is needed to identify the mechanism of association for this increased risk as well as a reliable tool for antenatal detection in this cohort of women. Key Points
Criminal Law’s Core Principles

Modern criminal law scholars and policymakers assume they are free to construct criminal law rules by focusing exclusively on the criminal justice theory of the day. But this “blank slate” conception of criminal lawmaking is dangerously misguided. In fact, lawmakers are writing on a slate on which core principles are already indelibly written and realistically they are free only to add detail in the implementation of those principles and to add additional provisions not inconsistent with them. Attempts to do otherwise are destined to produce tragic results from both utilitarian and retributivist views. Many writers dispute that such core principles exist. It is a common view that people’s justice judgments are personal to them or perhaps to their small group. If this were true, it would present an obstacle if not a permanent barrier to the creation of a criminal code that has legitimacy and moral credibility with most persons within its jurisdiction. But an investigation of the evidence from a wide variety of sources suggests that there does exist a set of core principles upon which humans generally agree. This article examines six potential indicators of core principles: principles on which empirical studies suggest a high level of agreement across demographics within society, principles on which empirical studies suggest agreement cross culturally, principles emerging early in the historical development of formal criminal law, principles reflected in the universal path of child development, principles reflected in the behavior of social animals, and rules and principles regularly appearing in natural experiments of human groups beyond the reach of law. We identify nine principles with support from most or all of these sources and that properly qualify as near universal core principles. One might speculate about why such core principles exist, and the article does, but whatever the reason—be it an evolutionarily created genetic predisposition or a process of generalized learning common to all social groups—the existence of such core principles has important and diverse practical implications: in suggesting reduced crime-control effectiveness where the criminal law conflicts with a core principle, in setting limitations on and strategies for social reform, in supporting a broader use of restorative justice, in suggesting a more nuanced application of the legality principle, in supporting the recognition of a general mistake of law defense and a mitigation for partial excuses, in assessing the feasibility of creating an international criminal law or of creating a criminal law for a territory now being created whose population does not yet exist, and even in planning initial contact with extraterrestrial beings.
The ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is host to a number of high energy physics experiments, one of which being the ATLAS experiment using the namesake detector, on which the work of this thesis is based. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the LHC and the ATLAS detector. More information on the LHC can be found in [1–3]. Information on the design, construction, and operation of the ATLAS detector can be found in [4–8].
Diversity–production relationships of fish communities in freshwater stream ecosystems

United States Forest Service Southern Research StationUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA)United States Forest Service; Virginia Tech Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation; Peter B. Moyle & California Trout Endowment; University of California DavisUniversity of California System [CA-D-WFB-2467-H]
Psychosocial Assessment and Early Intervention

According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, there are 79.5 million forcibly displaced people at the end of 2019, 26 million are refugees and half of these are children and adolescents (http://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html). They experience a higher incidence of mental health conditions compared to their peers who are not refugees. This is due to the war or other types of disaster experiences, including pandemics, and the stress of migration which can include exploitation by traffickers, detention centers, and assimilation to a different culture. Immigrants that do not classify as refugees and are of low socioeconomic background, experience the same traumas as refugees. These traumas begin premigration (poverty), during migration and post migration (discrimination, poverty, lack of family support).
The Prevalence of Benign Pathology Following Major Pulmonary Resection for Suspected Malignancy.

ABSTRACT Background In the era of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography, there is concern that high false-positive rates may lead to an increase in nontherapeutic lung resection. The aim of this study is to determine the current rate of major pulmonary resection for ultimately benign pathology. Materials and Methods A single-institution, retrospective analysis of all patients > 18 y who underwent major pulmonary resection between 2013 and 2018 for suspected malignancy and had benign final pathology was performed. Results Of 394 major pulmonary resections performed for known or presumed malignancy, 10 (2.5%) were benign. Of these 10, the mean age was 61.1 y (SD 14.6). Most were current or former smokers (60%). Ninety percent underwent a fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan. Median nodule size was 27 mm (IQR 21-35) and most were in the right middle lobe (50%). Preoperative biopsy was performed in four (40%) but were nondiagnostic. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (70%) was the most common surgical approach. Final pathology revealed three (30%) infectious, three (30%) inflammatory, two (20%) fibrotic, and two (20%) benign neoplastic nodules. Two (20%) patients had perioperative complications, both of which were prolonged air leaks, one (10%) patient was readmitted within 30 d, and there was no mortality. Conclusions A small percentage of patients (2.5% in our series) may undergo major pulmonary resection for unexpectedly benign pathology. Knowledge of this rate is useful to inform shared decision-making models between surgeons and patients and evaluation of thoracic surgery program performance.
Applications of Airborne Remote Sensing Technology

Aerial photography has been used for nearly a century. Recent developments in aerial photography, such as color film, color infrared film, and multiband photographic systems, have greatly increased the amount of useful information obtainable from aerial photographs. Remote sensing instruments that operate in different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum from the human eye and photographic sensors can detect many things beyond the scope of human and photographic sensors. Thermal imagery can detect thermal pollution entering streams. Side-looking airborne radar can map terrain day or night, almost without regard for weather conditions. Remote sensing instruments having civil engineering applications are described herein. The emphasis is on photography, thermal imagery, multispectral imagery, and side-looking airborne radar. Applications of airborne remote sensing technology to soils mapping, water pollution detection and monitoring, and urban and regional planning are illustrated.
Cardinality-Based Inference Control in Sum-Only Data Cubes

This paper addresses the inference problems in data warehouses and decision support systems such as on-line analytical processing (OLAP) systems. Even though OLAP systems restrict user accesses to predefined aggregations, inappropriate disclosure of sensitive attribute values may still occur. Based on a definition of non-compromiseability to mean that any member of a set of variables satisfying a given set of their aggregations can have more than one value, we derive sufficient conditions for non-compromiseability in sum-only data cubes. Under this definition, (1) the non-compromiseability of multi-dimensional aggregations can be reduced to that of one dimensional aggregations, (2) full or dense core cuboids are non-compromiseable, and (3) there is a tight lower bound for the cardinality of a core cuboid to remain non-compromiseable. Based on these results, taken together with a three-tier model for controlling inferences, we provide a divide-and-conquer algorithm that uniformly divides data sets into chunks and builds a data cube on each such chunk. The union of these data cubes are then used to provide users with inference-free OLAP queries.
Frames and folders: a teachable memory model for Java

We present a memory model for use in teaching Java. It includes a notion of class and a way of drawing objects to which students can relate. It includes the frames on the call stack and the steps in executing method calls, including recursive calls. The model starts out simple and is extended as new concepts are introduced, ending up with nested and inner classes.