cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Dual Band Microstrip-Fed Slot Antenna

A simple new design method to achieve a dual band microstrip-fed slot antenna is presented. It is shown that when two slot antennas are placed in series, the spacing between the two antennas can be adjusted to achieve an effective secondary resonance. The new resonance is found to be due to the mutual coupling between the two slot antennas. An approximate circuit model for the dual band antenna is presented to explain the dual band mechanism and to provide a design guideline. The model is validated with a prototype antenna that operates at 4.22 GHz and 5.26 GHz, which are commonly used as the downlink and uplink in satellite communications. Measured results show good return loss at both frequencies, and radiation patterns agree well with the simulations. The proposed antenna has a simple geometry can be easily produced using printed circuit board techniques for applications where compactness and multiband operation are of interest.
Photoelectronic phase and frequency modulation

Phase and frequency modulation can most directly be effected by a nonlinear device whose output is a sinusoidal function of its input. While no electronic device exhibits this property, electrooptical systems can be designed with exactly this sinusoidal nonlinearity. This provides the basis for novel schemes of PM and FM.
The Road Not Taken: Pre-Revolutionary Cuban Living Standards in Comparative Perspective

We examine Cuban GDP over time and across space. We find that Cuba was once a prosperous middle-income economy. On the eve of the revolution, incomes were 50 to 60 percent of European levels. They were among the highest in Latin America at about 30 percent of the United States. In relative terms, Cuba was richer earlier on. Income per capita during the 1920s was in striking distance of Western Europe and the Southern United States. After the revolution, Cuba slipped down the world income distribution. Current levels of income per capita appear below their pre-revolutionary peaks.
“The intervention piece…that's still the hardest part of it all.” Enhancing brief intervention skills among public health nurses

Background Nurses are likely to encounter opportunities to engage patients in alcohol interventions, yet few have received preparation for this work. Although screening procedures are relatively straightforward and easily utilized by nurse professionals, developing a personalized, brief, and effective response to promote behavior change for indicated cases is a clinical skill that, for many nurses, requires deliberate effort to acquire [1,2]. To support development of alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) skills among nurses and implement alcohol SBI as a routine practice, Alaska Public Health Nursing (PHN) collaborated with the Arctic FASD Regional Training Center at the University of Alaska Anchorage. The objective is to describe ongoing training needs for nurses conducting alcohol SBI.
Growth arrest of melanoma cells is differentially regulated by contact inhibition and serum deprivation.

Both growth-factor deprivation and contact inhibition suppress cell growth; however, the mechanisms by which they inhibit cell proliferation may not be identical. The function of antiproliferative genes and the induction of programmed cell death are among the potential differences between these growth-arrest mechanisms. Specifically, an inverse relation between the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and the susceptibility to apoptosis has been reported. To test this relation, we examined the features of growth arrest in a canine melanoma cell line, TLM1. Both contact inhibition and serum deprivation halted cell-cycle progression of TLM1 cells in the G1 phase. Prolonged growth arrest of the cells without restimulation resulted in apoptosis; conversely, the cells reentered the cell cycle after release from contact inhibition or on restimulation with serum. Cell-to-cell contact, but not serum deprivation, led to the expression of p53 and p21/Waf-1. The expression of p21/Waf-1 did not pr...
Civil Passions: Moral Sentiment and Democratic Deliberation

Civil Passions constitutes an important contribution to the growing literature on democratic deliberation. Krause, an associate professor of political science at Brown University, seeks to restore ...
Theoretical interlude—What is randomness? My definitions

There’s only one definition of randomness (divided into the finite and the infinite case for technical reasons): something is random if it is algorithmically incompressible or irreducible. More precisely, a member of a set of objects is random if it has the highest complexity that is possible within this set. In other words, the random objects in a set are those that have the highest complexity. Applied to the set of all n-bit strings this gives one of our definitions, applied to infinite binary sequences this gives our second definition.
A shift in the paradigm of treatment.

There are several reasons for thischange. Chief among these reasonsare the following: 1) Medicationsnow have much to offer—they stillcannot cure this disease, but theyoften can significantly slow down itsprogression. Most importantly, thisadvance enables patients with AD tostay at home longer as opposed torequiring care at a nursing home.
Seismic anisotropy beneath the Juan de Fuca plate system: Evidence for heterogeneous mantle flow

Here we use SKS shear wave splitting observations from ocean-bottom seismometer data to infer patterns of mantle deformation beneath the Juan de Fuca plate and its adjoining boundaries. Our results indicate that the asthenosphere beneath the Juan de Fuca plate responds largely to absolute plate motion with an anisotropic layer developing rapidly near the ridge and persisting into the subduction zone. Geographically restricted deviations from this pattern indicate the presence of secondary processes. At discrete plate boundaries, such as the Blanco transform fault, seismic anisotropy is attributed to relative plate motion within a narrow zone (<50 km). Beneath the deforming southern Gorda plate region—a diffuse plate boundary—splitting observations similarly suggest deformation dominated by relative motion between the rigid Juan de Fuca and Pacific plates but distributed over a broad zone (∼200 km). Our results are inconsistent with toroidal flow around the southern edge of the subducting slab due to rollback, as suggested by onshore studies. Instead, reorganization of upper mantle flow associated with plate fragmentation seems to dominate the anisotropic signature of southern Cascadia.
Resolution enhanced PET using collimation

2396 Objectives Using collimation in PET can achieve spatial resolution beyond the limit of detector resolution. We use simulations and experiments to characterize/optimize the collimator and guide the design of a proposed PET collimator. Methods We design trapezoidal tungsten collimator septa to mask half of each crystal in a PET scanner to detect lines of response (LORs) within the unmasked portion of the crystals. Since each crystal can be conceptually split into 2 sub-crystals, each pair can measure 4 finer LORs with 4 collimator configurations. By dividing the collimator into 3 segments, we can achieve complete LOR sampling inside a triangular region containing the field of view (FOV) with 4 sampling configurations. We developed a PET-collimator simulator based on 3D ray tracing incorporating the collimator’s geometric parameters. We also performed point-source experiments with trapezoidal tungsten pieces inside A-PET, a small-animal PET scanner. Crystal responses and LOR resolutions with different configurations were measured and compared with simulations. Based on A-PET, collimators with feasible parameters were simulated inside a detector ring of 20.7 cm diameter with 278 ideal crystals of 2.34 mm width. Two metrics, LOR resolution and average sensitivity over a 15 mm FOV, were used to characterize collimator performance. LOR resolution was determined by measuring the FWHM of the coincidence response function of a point source near the FOV’s center. Sensitivity, including geometric and penetration, was averaged over the FOV and 4 sampling configurations. We optimized the collimator by maximizing this average sensitivity with fixed LOR resolution within feasible geometric parameters. Results After optimizing, LOR resolution of 0.6 mm with collimation can be achieved with relative sensitivity of 22.7% compared to uncollimated resolution of 1.17 mm. Conclusions Collimation can dramatically increase sampling and improve spatial resolution but with reduced sensitivity. Collimated PET can improve overall image quality and quantification, which may have significant implications in clinical imaging where high resolution is demanded. Research Support This work is supported by NIH grant R21-EB-12158
Cardiovascular Cell Therapy

The concept of the heart as a terminally differentiated organ incapable of replacing damaged myocytes has been at the center of cardiovascular research and therapeutic development for the last 50 years. The progressive decline in myocyte number as a function of age and the formation of scarred tissue following myocardial infarction have been interpreted as irrefutable proofs of the postmitotic characteristic of the heart. Emerging evidence supports a more dynamic view of the heart, in which cell death and renewal are vital components of the remodeling process that governs cardiac homeostasis, aging, and disease. In a recent study, myocyte regeneration in the physiologically aging heart was found to occur at previously unexpected levels. From 20 to 100 years of age, the myocyte compartment is replaced completely 15 times in women and 11 times in men, and essentially none of the myocytes present at birth is preserved in the young adult, middle-aged, and senescent heart. The identification of dividing myocytes raises the important question concerning the origin of the newly formed cells. In vitro and in vivo findings strongly suggest that replicating myocytes correspond to transit-amplifying cells derived from the lineage determination of primitive cells, supporting the notion that cardiomyogenesis is controlled by activation and differentiation of stem cells. Investigators in several laboratories concur with the notion that the myocardium is an organ permissive for tissue regeneration mediated by exogenous and/or endogenous progenitors. In this chapter, we will focus on the cell classes that are currently employed in clinical studies for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
Hsa-miR-34a mediated repression of corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor 1 regulates pro-opiomelanocortin expression in patients with complex regional pain syndrome

Ketamine provides relief for a subset of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The poor responders had a lower body mass index (BMI) relative to responders. Regulation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression is crucial in normal body weight homeostasis. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the mechanisms underlying lower BMI characterizing CRPS patients responding poorly to intravenous ketamine therapy and identify potential biomarkers for predicting response. We investigated POMC transcript levels in blood from CRPS patients grouped as responders and poor responders to ketamine therapy. Plasma levels of β-endorphin, ACTH and α-MSH were measured by ELISA. We previously identified differential expression of small noncoding microRNA hsa-miR-34a in blood between responders and poor responders. We investigated whether a 11-fold downregulation of hsa-miR-34a in poor responders relative to responders is contributing to the differences in POMC levels by targeting POMC regulator CRHR1. Binding of miR-34a to CRHR1 was assessed using reporter assay; changes in mRNA and protein levels of CRHR1 were used to determine the regulation of CRHR1 by miR-34a. RNA from blood of CRPS and control subjects were used for quantitative PCR for CRHR1. Though ketamine treatment did not alter POMC expression, poor responders had higher levels of POMC mRNA than responders, both before and after treatment. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a key regulator of POMC expression and the biological effects are mediated through its receptor corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1). We show that hsa-miR-34a is a negative regulator of CRHR1; overexpression of hsa-miR-34a in Jurkat cells resulted in reduction of CRH-mediated POMC expression. Poor responders had higher expression of CRHR1 transcripts than responders, indicating a regulatory role for miR-34a. In addition, we found positive correlations between the pretreatment levels of miR-34a to BMI and response to ketamine therapy. Our findings indicate a mechanism by which hsa-miR-34a can regulate the CRH/CRHR1/POMC axis and may influence BMI. Studies in larger patient cohorts are required to confirm the biomarker utility of circulating hsa-miR-34a levels in predicting treatment response to ketamine therapy.
Photoacoustic effect generated by moving optical sources: Motion in one dimension

Although the photoacoustic effect is typically generated by pulsed or amplitude modulated optical beams, it is clear from examination of the wave equation for pressure that motion of an optical source in space will result in the production of sound as well. Here, the properties of the photoacoustic effect generated by moving sources in one dimension are investigated. The cases of a moving Gaussian beam, an oscillating delta function source, and an accelerating Gaussian optical sources are reported. The salient feature of one-dimensional sources in the linear acoustic limit is that the amplitude of the beam increases in time without bound.
The Sisyphean Fate of Government-Wide Performance Accountability Reforms: Federal Performance Management Efforts and Employees' Daily Work, 2002-2008

Performance accountability reforms of various kinds, used by most presidents to strengthen their political control over federal agencies, have become a key public management topic. It is still a matter of debate whether such reforms can really lead to deep changes inside federal agencies and what purposes they ultimately serve. This article uses three data sources to reflect on performance accountability efforts under the Bush administration from 2002 to 2008 and on six intermediate employee outcomes (discretion, performance culture, teamwork, motivation, procedural justice, and turnover intention). The descriptive results suggest that performance reforms are reacted to primarily as an external accountability requirement and are largely unrelated to intermediate employee outcomes.
Low-Temperature Hydrogenation of Acetaldehyde to Ethanol on H-Precovered Au(111)

Gold-based classical high surface area catalysts have been widely investigated for hydrogenation reactions, but fundamental studies on model catalysts are lacking. We present experimental measurements of the reaction of hydrogen adatoms and adsorbed acetaldehyde on the Au(111) surface employing temperature-programmed desorption. Here, we show that chemisorbed hydrogen adatoms bind weakly with desorption peaks at ∼110 K, indicating an activation energy for recombinative desorption of ∼28 kJ/mol. We further demonstrate that acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) can be hydrogenated to ethanol (CH3CH2OH) on the H-atom-precovered Au(111) surface at cryogenic temperatures. Isotopic experiments employing D atoms indicate a lower hydrogenation reactivity.
Mapping the Connectome Following Traumatic Brain Injury

There is a paucity of accurate and reliable biomarkers to detect traumatic brain injury, grade its severity, and model post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery. This gap could be addressed via advances in brain mapping which define injury signatures and enable tracking of post-injury trajectories at the individual level. Mapping of molecular and anatomical changes and of modifications in functional activation supports the conceptual paradigm of TBI as a disorder of large-scale neural connectivity. Imaging approaches with particular relevance are magnetic resonance techniques (diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, susceptibility weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomographic methods including molecular neuroimaging). Inferences from mapping represent unique endophenotypes which have the potential to transform classification and treatment of patients with TBI. Limitations of these methods, as well as future research directions, are highlighted.
Mechanistic Insights into the Reduction of CO2 on Tin Electrodes using in Situ ATR-IR Spectroscopy

The reduction of CO2 on tin cathodes was studied using in situ attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). Thin films of a mixed Sn/SnOx species were deposited onto a single-crystal ZnSe ATR crystal. Peaks centered at about 1500, 1385, and 1100 cm–1, attributed to a surface-bound monodentate tin carbonate species, were consistently present under conditions at which CO2 reduction takes place. It was shown that these peaks are only present at potentials where CO2 reduction is observed. Moreover, these peaks disappear if the pH of the reaction is too low or if the tin surface is chemically etched to remove surface oxide. Sn6O4(OH)4 and SnO2 nanoparticles were shown to be catalytically active for CO2 reduction, and insights into the oxidation state of the catalytically active species are gained from a comparison of the catalytic behavior of the two nanoparticle species. From these experiments, a mechanism governing the reduction of CO2 on tin electrodes is proposed.
Blacklight Traps as Control Agents: An Appraisal

The strong phototactic response of many insect species to blacklight (BL) has encouraged considerable study of means to use this phenomenon to control insect pests. This paper lists and provides references for all of the known published efforts to control natural populations of insects with black light traps. The usual approach in a control effort has been to combine the BL lamp with a collection device to form a trap. Many designs have been used for control and survey purposes (Hollingsworth et al. 1963, Hollingsworth 1967, Tashiro et al. 1967) but most are similar to that described by Harding et al. (1966). Occasionally the attraction of the lamp is supplemented with pheromone (Gentry et al. 1971, Cantelo et al. 1972) or the efficiency of the trap is increased by using an electrically charged grid around the lamp (Taylor and Deay, 1950, Beaty et al. 1951, Noble et al. 1956). The results of the control experiments have been variable, as can be seen from the table.
Real-time Fingerprint Identification System with High Discriminability

A real time fingerprint identification system using binary joint transform correlator with a single space light modulator and a single CCD has been developed successfully. A discrete cosine transform algorithm was used to process the joint power spectrum in order to enhance the cross correlator term and eliminate the auto correlator term in the joint power spectrum and improve the discriminability of the system.The light energy passing through the system was controlled by adjusting the gray value range of the space light modulator at Fourier plane, as a result the system could execute real time fingerprint identification. A new two parameter decision method was used to decide the correlator signal, and the deciding veracity was improved. Real time tests yielded a false rejection rate of 0.47% and a false acceptance rate of zero.
Frequency and Impact of Interpersonal Trauma in Older Women

Interpersonal violence impacts the lives of many women in society. However, despite the proliferation of research in this area, there is limited information about the frequency and impact of interpersonal trauma experiences in late life. This study investigated the relationship between a history of interpersonal trauma and subsequent adjustment difficulties, including psychological distress and physical health, in women over the age of 60. Findings demonstrate that interpersonal trauma has a significant impact on later-life functioning. Additionally, the presence of multiple traumatization experiences was a critical factor in determining which individuals manifested long-term trauma symptoms.
Abstract 1741: The association between menopause symptoms and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among non-users of hormone therapy

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Background: Hot flashes are a common symptom among women during their menopause transition, likely due to the changes of endogenous hormone levels. Previous research suggested that hot flashes symptoms were associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Few studies have investigated the association of hot flashes symptoms with the risk of breast cancer. Furthermore, the confounding effect by hormone use has not been sufficiently addressed in previous studies. Methods: We investigated the association between hot flashes symptoms and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS). In order to eliminate the confounding by hormone use, we investigated the association only among women who never used hormone therapy. We calculated relative risk of breast cancer using a multivariate Cox model, adjusting for potential confounders, including age, race, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, age at first birth, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and education. We further investigated the severity of hot flashes symptoms in association with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Results: We documented 1079 incidence of breast cancer during 396,166 person-years of follow-up. Hot flashes symptoms were not associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer after adjustment for potential confounders (RR = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.90-1.15) among non-users of hormone therapy. Relative risk of breast cancer across symptom severity categories (mild, moderate, severe) were 1.01 (95% CI, 0.87-1.17), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.88-1.22), and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.75-1.46), respectively. Conclusion: These data suggested that menopausal symptoms were not associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Citation Format: Tricia Li, Jiali Han, Chunyan He. The association between menopause symptoms and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among non-users of hormone therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1741.
Stream architectures - efficiency and programmability

Summary form only given. Stream processors are fully programmable in a high-level language, yet are capable of achieving computation efficiency comparable to fixed-function ASIC solutions (about 20 pJ/op) and can be scaled from a Gop/s (20 mW) block to a Top/s (20 W) chip in current semiconductor technology. The parallel nature of stream processors enables their performance to scale with technology. In a 2010 45 nm technology we expect an efficiency of 1 pJ/op and performance of up to 20 Top/s (20 W). A stream processor contains an array of arithmetic units that are supplied with data by a deep and explicit register hierarchy, which also serves to decouple instruction execution from unpredictable and long-latency memory operations. This decoupled and exposed-communication architecture enables a compiler to automatically map a stream application (such as a signal-flow graph) to the processing array: employing "stream scheduling" to stage the high-level movement of streams, and "communication scheduling" to schedule the data movement in the low-level kernels. This explicit optimization of communication results in almost all data and instruction movement taking place over short wires, and hence almost all energy going to useful computation. We have built a prototype streaming signal processor, Imagine, and have demonstrated streaming applications involving video compression/decompression, wireless communication, and adaptive beam-forming. We are also designing the Merrimac supercomputer, which uses a stream processor based on the same architectural principles as Imagine, illustrating the flexibility, generality, and scalability of the streaming concept. This paper describes stream architectures, stream programming systems, and streaming applications. A comparison is made to conventional DSPs, FPGAs, and ASIC solutions.
The Emergence of Bioarchaeology in Peru: Origins and Modern Approaches

Peru has many unique ecological and historical features that make it particularly well suited for the study of human remains from various archaeological contexts. Perhaps its most distinctive feature is the extremely arid climate in the coastal regions and highlands, which preserves a wide range of organic materials, including human remains, textiles, faunal and floral materials. An analysis of human remains in Peru can therefore include not only standard osteological analyses, but also a variety of additional tests that increase our ability to interpret past human behaviour. Additionally, many Peruvian communities continue to live in a manner that resembles that of their Pre-Columbian ancestors. As such, there exists a wealth of ethnographic and ethnohistorical data that can be used to develop contextual frameworks for the interpretation of archaeological data. These features make the Andes an extremely important area in which to evaluate past models of biological identity and mobility, patterns of health and trauma, and population dynamics. Yet in examining the emergence of bioarchaeology in Peru, it is quite surprising to find that the study of skeletal collections from archaeological contexts is a relatively new academic discipline that began in the late 1970s. In this paper, we trace the development of such studies beginning with the research of the Peruvian Dr. Julio C. Tello and extending to current multidisciplinary approaches of ancient human remains by both Peruvian and non-Peruvian bioarchaeologists. In contrast to other countries, the excavation and study of human remains is still possible in Peru, as human remains figure less prominently in the construction of contemporaneous indigenous Peruvian identities.
Change and Its Perception: Prior Research

Just as everyday social perceivers show a marked interest in change, so too do researchers in the social sciences. The pervasiveness of this professional interest in change can be seen in any number of ways. It is apparent, for example, in the range of topics that have been targets of change research. From television viewing habits to sexual practices, from political views to leisure activities, from the problem of child abuse to the problems of old age, few aspects of personal and social life have been untouched by attempts on the part of researchers to study change. Researchers have sought to assemble information capable of providing answers to the questions of change: Are certain practices becoming more common or less? In certain areas are things improving or deteriorating? Is life becoming better or worse? The breadth of the interest in change is also apparent in the wide variety of entities that have been examined for changes of various kinds. Change across the life span in the individual has been a focus of interest, but so has change across decades in large aggregates of individuals and societies as wholes. The investigation of change has sometimes been directed at the study of change in small groups but it has also involved the investigation of change in large-scale organizations.
International Symposium on Epidermolysis Bullosa

An international symposium on inherited epidermolysis bullosa was held at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on April 25–26, 1994. All areas currently of clinical and research interest pertinent to this disease were discussed, ranging from basic epidemiologic issues to the definition of molecular defects in each of the three major types of epidermolysis bullosa and the potential for gene therapy. A major focus of this meeting was the presentation of data collected by the National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry.
Cord Blood Graft Assessment and Selection Criteria for Transplantation

Cord blood (CB) grafts extend the availability of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) to patients who do not have suitable adult donors, particularly those of ethnic minorities. With the growth of the worldwide CB Inventory, most patients will have several potential HLA-matched CB units (CBU); still, selection of the most appropriate CB graft for transplantation remains a complex decision since there are many considerations related to the CBU, the patient’s disease, and clinical condition as well as the type of transplant. This chapter aims to address the several aspects of CBU selection, including assays to evaluate the quality/potency of the graft, interactions between CBU total nucleated cell (TNC) dose and HLA mismatch, selection of CBU with “permissible” mismatches, and evaluation of other graft characteristics important for the safety and overall outcomes of CB transplantation. Since no selection algorithm “fits all,” transplant centers need to develop their own selection criteria based on their specific studies as well as their results of post-thaw CBU evaluation and outcomes.
Doing and Undoing (Non)Nativeness: Glocal Perspectives from a Graduate Classroom

As dichotomized notions of “native” and “nonnative” are unraveled, an ongoing question is how teacher educators in their own classrooms can create spaces where candidates can explore and enact alternative identities that resist the (re)invention of such binaries. In this chapter, I consider pedagogical possibilities by examining how a teacher educator at a large, urban university integrates critical discussions, normalizes diversity, and encourages and facilitates her students’ exploration of identity in ways that resist traditional, dichotomized paradigms, while also advocating for more nuanced ways of thinking about language, its users, and its use. To contextualize the glocal significance of Anna Marie’s approach, I first develop (non)native speakering as a poststructuralist, dynamic way of framing both the historical emergence of (non)native speakered subjectivities, as well as how “native” and “nonnative” identities are reified, conferred, denied, and performed through everyday interactions (see also Aneja GA, Crit Inq Lang Stud 13(4):351–379, 2016a; TESOL Q 50(3), 572–596, 2016b). I then use (non)native speakering as a lens through which to analyze the significance of the possibilities Anna Marie’s classroom pedagogy offers for undoing structuralist, binary views of identity. The chapter’s conclusion will discuss participants’ resistance against the ‘traditional’ (non)native speaker concept and how ELT professionals can continue to address inequity in the “field.”
Diverse Families: Islands of Refuge in the Midst of Troubled Waters?

This chapter provides a concluding theme for the Handbook of Marriage and Family, 3rd Edition that families will likely require a variety of structural arrangements and processes to foster the necessary interpersonal resources for meeting the many challenges from the larger society. Many families of diverse structure and ways of conducting everyday life may need to function as islands of refuge in which interpersonal resources such as security, autonomy, resiliency, problem-solving strategies, and coping skills are fostered during persistent times of trouble in the broader social context. These interpersonal resources will be essential for dealing with challenges associated with a precarious future involving rapid changes in the larger societal context consisting of social, cultural, economic, political, and technological dimensions. A description is provided of the substantial challenges that families must confront in the larger society both today and that may occur in the near future. Several examples are provided about how diverse family structures may help to address and ameliorate these challenges.
A complication associated with dorsal penile nerve block

A case describing a 2-day-old term male infant who received a dorsal penile nerve block (DNPB) prior to circumcision, inadvertently with 1:1000 epinephrine, is presented. The patient had a brief hemodynamic response followed by profound vasoconstriction and ischemia of the genitalia. A caudal catheter was inserted and a sympathetic block established in an attempt to antagonize the epinephrine-induced vasoconstriction. The patient's condition improved and no residual effects of the ischemia were noted. A review of complications associated with DNPB and of epinephrine-induced penile ischemia is briefly discussed.
The sociology of alien rule

Discontent with alien rule is often assumed to be pervasive, if not universal, thus accounting for the absence of an international market in governance services. There is no shortage of explanations of the antipathy to alien rule, and a great deal of corroborative evidence. Many believe that people seem to prefer to be badly ruled by their own kind than better ruled by aliens. Yet if this is true, then identity trumps competence in the assessment of rule, implying that we are all liable to suffer from suboptimal governance. In contrast, this paper argues that the evidence for the pervasiveness of antipathy to alien rule is overdrawn. To that end, it distinguishes between two different types of alien rule -- elected and imposed – provides a brief portrait of each, and suggests that when aliens are confronted with incentives to rule fairly and efficiently, they can gain legitimacy even when they have been imposed.
Subtle changes in diabetic retinas localised in 3D using OCT.

PURPOSE To detect and localise subtle changes in retinas of diabetic patients who clinically have no diabetic retinopathy (DR) or non-proliferative DR (NPDR) as compared to age- and sex- matched controls. Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and software to examine all retinal layers, including deeper layers, were used to quantify foveal avascular zone size and inner and outer retinal layer thicknesses, as well as to detect axial location of prominent lesions. METHODS Diabetic subjects, 19 total with 16 having no DR and three having non-proliferative retinopathy, were matched with 19 controls with respect to age and sex. Macular-centred SD-OCT grids of 20 × 15° were taken with the Spectralis. En face or transverse images were generated from the SD-OCT data by automatically segmenting all retinal layers. The transverse images were investigated for foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size, retinal vessel calibre, and structural changes. The size of the FAZ was compared for diabetics vs controls using vendor software and manual marking in Photoshop. Inner retinal layer (IRLFAZ ) and outer nuclear layer (ONLFAZ ) thicknesses at the margins of the FAZ were measured using vendor software. RESULTS The FAZ area was larger for diabetics (mean ± S.D. = 0.388 ± 0.074 mm2 ) than controls (0.243 ± 0.113 mm2 ), t18 = 5.27, p < 0.0001, using vendor software. The mean IRLFAZ was thicker for the diabetics (86.8 ± 14.5 μm) than controls (65.2 ± 16.3 μm), t18 = 4.59, p = 0.00023, despite lack of exudation by clinical exam. There was no significant association between FAZ area and mean IRLFAZ for the diabetics, r = 0.099, p = 0.69. Vessels not clinically detected were visible in the NFL transverse image of most diabetics, especially for a mild NPDR patient. A prominent lesion found in the en face infra-red image of a mild NPDR subject was localised in the photoreceptor layer by SD-OCT, as well as additional outer retinal changes in other subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate changes in inner and outer diabetic retinas not readily detectable by clinical exam. IRLFAZ had not thinned at the margins of the large FAZs, indicating neural mass did not yet decrease despite potential ischemia.
Schindler Elevator Corporation

This case provides the opportunity for a comprehensive analysis in a service operations strategy course. It touches on subjects including the customer value proposition, profitability, employee management, customer management, robust people versus robust process, queue management, and staffing models.This case can be used as a basis for discussing the "Four Truths" from Francis Frei and Anne Morriss, Uncommon Service: How to Win by Putting Customers at the Core of Your Business, 6th ed. (Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2012). The Four Truths are (1) you can't be good at everything, (2) someone has to pay for it, (3) you must manage your employees, and (4) you must manage your customers. Students are asked to decide the necessary service strategy and operational changes as Schindler Elevator Corporation decides how to use current trends in the internet of things. Excerpt UVA-OM-1593 Rev. Jul. 30, 2018 Schindler Elevator Corporation What Floor, Please? In 2017, the US elevator industry was struggling with the transformative potential (and new competitive challenges) of big data and the internet of things (IoT). Across industries, new ways of using data were emerging that had not been widely anticipated before the combination of big data analytics and wired (or wireless) sensor network technology. Industries were presented with new ways to monitor and exploit the predictive and integrative value of measuring different things. How could the experience of riding a motorcycle be enhanced by networking together sensors on the motorcycle and sensors in the clothing of the rider? How could “smart homes” get even smarter by networking together information from an occupant's wearable device (e.g., heart rate, or body temperature) with the occupant's home HVAC thermostat or a sensor measuring mold content? And what happened when those networks were smart—meaning that they could make decisions and take useful action? Some of the largest barriers to a truly smart sensor network were amassing enough data to be meaningful, and figuring out how to distinguish noise from actionable data. Once collected and determined to be useful, the data still had to be acted upon. That required businesses to make decisions about how to use the data that created value from the customer's perspective. Broadly speaking, to a customer, what often created the most value was some form of prediction—in other words, a sensor network knowing (and adjusting to) the customer's needs before a problem occurred. . . .
Uncertain Events: A Dynamic Latent Variable Model of Human Rights Respect and Government Killing with Binary, Ordered, and Count Outcomes

Counting repressive events is difficult because state leaders have an incentive to conceal the actions of their subordinates and destroy evidence of abuse. In this paper, I describe an existing latent variable model and then extend it to account for the uncertainty inherent in counting this type of difficult to observe event. To validate the model, I focus on one dataset, which defines one-sided government killing as government caused deaths of non-combatants. The model generates a more precise estimate of latent levels of repression for each country-year using several repression variables included in the model (1949-2010) and new estimates of the distribution of the number of individuals killed for each country-year in the original one-sided government killing dataset (1989-2010). These new event-based count estimates will be useful for researchers interested in this type of data but skeptical of the comparability of such events across countries and over time.
Efficacy of removal of a popular NSAID from aqueous solutions with metalloligs

Acetaminophen, a popular NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), was studied for efficacy of removal from aqueous solutions. While Octolig® (a polyethylenediimine covalently attached to silica gel) is able to remove many simple anions and some acidic pharmaceuticals having a pKa value less than 4.5, it lacked efficacy with acetaminophen. Accordingly different transition- metal derivatives of Octolig® were tested by column chromatography using as substrates Octolig® derivatives of copper(II), cobalt(II), iron(III), manganese(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II).
Age moderates the effect of socioeconomic status on physical activity level among south Korean adults: cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative sample

In a nationally representative sample of South Korean adults, we investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity level, and whether this association varied by age group. We used data from 5065 subjects aged ≥19 years who participated in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weighted logistic regression examined the SES-physical activity association. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form, physical activity level was categorized into two groups: meeting the guideline (≥150 min/week of moderate intensity physical activity) and not meeting the guideline. Annual household income quartile (first quartile = highest income) and education (elementary, middle school, high school, and college graduates) were used as SES indicators. Sociodemographic covariates included in the adjusted models were marital status, town type (rural/urban), dwelling type, perceived health, federal allowance support (yes/no), and working- and sleeping-hours. In unadjusted models, low income and low education were both associated with significantly lower odds of meeting the physical activity guideline. The income-physical activity association was moderated by age group in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Specifically, among those age < 45 years, those in the third quartile group had 41% higher odds (p < 0.01) of meeting the physical activity guideline compared with the first quartile group, after adjusting for covariates. In contrast, among those age ≥ 45 years, those in the third quartile group had 16% lower odds (p < 0.01) of meeting the physical activity guideline compared with the first quartile group, after adjusting for covariates. Furthermore, the education-physical activity association was moderated by age but only in the adjusted model. Specifically, among those age < 45 years, high school graduates had a 21% higher odds of meeting the physical activity guideline compared with college graduates (p = 0.08). In contrast, among those age ≥ 45 years, high school graduates had a 23% lower odds of meeting the physical activity guideline compared with college graduates (p = 0.01). Future policies that aim to address SES-related health disparities in physical activity among adults in South Korea should consider the different patterns of physical activity in accordance with SES and age.
Continuous polymer films deposited on top of porous substrates using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition and molecular layer deposition

Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is able to produce ultrathin polymer films with control over thickness, cross-linking, and chemical composition. With these capabilities, MLD should be useful in the fabrication of novel polymer membranes on porous supports. However, confining a continuous MLD film to the surface of porous substrates is difficult because of MLD film growth in the pores. The deposition in the pores lowers the conductance of the porous support. This paper presents a method to deposit continuous polymer films on top of porous substrates. In this method, Al2O3 plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) using trimethylaluminum and oxygen plasma as the reactants was first used to cap the pores of the substrate. Subsequently, a polyamide MLD film was deposited on the Al2O3 PE-ALD capping layer using m-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride as the reactants. The Al2O3 pore caps were then removed from the porous substrate by etching from the backside using a timed exposure to a dilute sodium hydroxide solution. This method was demonstrated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and polyethersulfone (PES) porous substrates. Al2O3 PE-ALD film growth was limited to the top of the porous substrate, resulting in rapid surface recombination or high sticking coefficients for the reactive plasma species within the pores. Gas permeance measurements confirmed the pore capping of the AAO substrates. The reopening of the pores by dissolving the Al2O3 pore caps with a sodium hydroxide solution was monitored using gas permeance versus etch time. The removal of the Al2O3 pore caps from the PES substrates could also dissolve the Al2O3 layer underneath the MLD film. The loss of this Al2O3 layer led to the detachment of the MLD film from the PES substrate. However, the MLD film could be anchored to the PES support at fractures located in the Al2O3 film prior to the MLD. The Al2O3 film fracture allowed the MLD film to anchor firmly to the PES substrate by MLD in the pores of the PES porous substrate. The distance between the anchor points was a function of fracture density. This distance could be controlled by applying a tensile stress to the Al2O3 PE-ALD film to fracture the film through sample bending. This method produced firmly anchored polymer MLD films on top of the PES porous substrates.
Filling in the gaps: identity, exile, and performance in 1962 and Babel Taxi by Mohamed Kacimi

This article explores issues of identity, exile, and performance in 1962 (1998) and Babel Taxi (2004), two foundational plays by the Algerian-born author Mohamed Kacimi. 1962 is an autobiographical...
Variations on Kolmogorov flow: Turbulent energy dissipation and mean flow profiles

The relation between the form of a body force driving a turbulent shear flow and the dissipation factor β = ϵl/U3 is investigated by means of rigorous upper bound analysis and direct numerical simulation. We consider unidirectional steady forcing functions in a three-dimensional periodic domain and observe that a rigorous infinite Reynolds number bound on β displays the same qualitative behaviour as the computationally measured dissipation factor at finite Reynolds number as the force profile is varied. We also compare the measured mean flow profiles with the Stokes flow profile for the same forcing. The mean and Stokes flow profiles are strikingly similar at the Reynolds numbers obtained in the numerical simulations, lending quantitative credence to the notion of a turbulent eddy viscosity.
Whither the Global in Chinese Higher Education? The Production of Space in China's “New Era” Universities

Since the 1990s, not only have China's universities become more in line with global standards but they now set them in some areas. This paper looks at how the production of space in Chinese higher education is employed in “new era” China to manage contested sites of globalization. From the spatial practice of scholarship to the representational spaces that map the educational bureaucracy, the production of space in Chinese higher education helps to organize social relations. This paper argues that the production of space in Chinese higher education is used to manage conflicts between global flows and localization as well as to serve national priorities. The paper contributes to ongoing discussions of the globalization of higher education and cultural studies of space and spatiality in contemporary China.
Jural Pluralism and Jural Integration in David Hume’s History of England : A Compendium of 142 Quotes

Before political and jural integration, multiple, non-integrated jural authorities contended with each other for influence and authority. It was a world of plural jural superiorities, or jural pluralism. In Hume’s History of England, the main characters in the story of jural pluralism and the subsequent integration are the king, the barons, and the clergy. Hume details the relationships and the strategic interactions between the different players over the course of time, tracing the path from jural pluralism to jural integration or unitarity. This research memo collects 142 quotations from David Hume’s History concerning jural pluralism and jural integration. The collection shows that the development of political and jural integration is a major theme of Hume’s History.