cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Simply-Supported Orthotropic Cylindrical Shells Subject to Lateral Impact Loads

The analysis is based on an expansion of the loads, displacements, and rotations in a double Fourier series which satisfies the end boundary conditions of simple support. By neglecting in-plane and rotary inertia the problem becomes a second-order ordinary differential equation in time for the Fourier coefficients of the radial deflection
Functional Characterization of Type-B Response Regulators in the Arabidopsis Cytokinin Response

Cytokinins play critical roles in plant growth and development, with the transcriptional response to cytokinin being mediated by the type-B response regulators. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), type-B response regulators (ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS [ARRs]) form three subfamilies based on phylogenic analysis, with subfamily 1 having seven members and subfamilies 2 and 3 each having two members. Cytokinin responses are predominantly mediated by subfamily 1 members, with cytokinin-mediated effects on root growth and root meristem size correlating with type-B ARR expression levels. To determine which type-B ARRs can functionally substitute for the subfamily 1 members ARR1 or ARR12, we expressed different type-B ARRs from the ARR1 promoter and assayed their ability to rescue arr1 arr12 double mutant phenotypes. ARR1, as well as a subset of other subfamily 1 type-B ARRs, restore the cytokinin sensitivity to arr1 arr12. Expression of ARR10 from the ARR1 promoter results in cytokinin hypersensitivity and enhances shoot regeneration from callus tissue, correlating with enhanced stability of the ARR10 protein compared with the ARR1 protein. Examination of transfer DNA insertion mutants in subfamilies 2 and 3 revealed little effect on several well-characterized cytokinin responses. However, a member of subfamily 2, ARR21, restores cytokinin sensitivity to arr1 arr12 roots when expressed from the ARR1 promoter, indicating functional conservation of this divergent family member. Our results indicate that the type-B ARRs have diverged in function, such that some, but not all, can complement the arr1 arr12 mutant. In addition, our results indicate that type-B ARR expression profiles in the plant, along with posttranscriptional regulation, play significant roles in modulating their contribution to cytokinin signaling.
Biomechanical Analysis of a Combined Double-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction

BackgroundFailure to address both components of a combined posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner injury has been implicated as a reason for abnormal biomechanics and inferior clinical results.HypothesisCombined double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner reconstruction restores the kinematics and in situ forces of the intact knee ligaments.Study DesignControlled laboratory studyMethodsTen fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested using a robotic testing system through sequential cutting and reconstructing of the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner. The knees were subjected to a 134-N posterior tibial load and a 5-N.m external tibial torque at multiple flexion angles. The double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed using Achilles and semitendinosus tendons. The posterolateral corner reconstruction consisted of reattaching the popliteus tendon to its femoral origin and reconstructing the popliteofibular ligament with a...
Supporting Design Refinement in MEMS Design

We present a framework to support design refinement during the virtual prototyping of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). By instantiating MEMS components and connecting them to each other via ports, the designer can both configure complex systems and simulate them. We examine design refinement in the context of ease of use and representation of the virtual prototype. We propose the use of a common, formal grammar representation for the design entities in the virtual prototype—MEMS components, behavioral models and CAD models. We show that the formal grammar approach leads to easy creation of virtual prototypes. In this paper, we focus on ports—the fundamental building blocks of a virtual prototype. Ports mediate all interactions within and between aspects of the virtual prototype. For even moderately complex designs, there can be many interactions present. The representation and organization of all possible ports is important in the context of design refinement. We provide a set-theoretic formalism that defines the algebra of ports. We present a formal grammar for ports that represents a port as a set of attributes, and provide a design refinement mechanism that involves adding or modifying attributes in the port. We illustrate our framework with a MEMS example. We demonstrate that the MEMS designer can evaluate multiple design alternatives quickly and accurately with our framework.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The organization of the second visual area (V II) in the owl monkey: a second order transformation of the visual hemifield.

Summary The visuotopic organization of the second visual area (V II) in the owl monkey was mapped by determining the receptive field positions for single neurons and small clusters of neurons recorded with microelectrodes. Our data indicate that V II is a long narrow strip of cortex which appears to correspond to area 18 of Brodmann8. The results also indicate that the topological transformation of the visual field in V II is fundamentally different from that in the primary visual area (V I). In V I, adjacent loci in the contralateral half of the visual field are always represented in adjacent cortical loci, and thus V I is a simple topological representation which we refer to as afirst order transformation of the visual hemifield. In contrast, adjacent loci in the contralateral hemifield arenot always represented in adjacent loci in V II. Beyond the central 7° in V II, the representation of the horizontal meridiansplits to form most of the anterior border of V II, and the upper and lower quadrants of the visual field are represented separately. Thus, two adjoining parts of the visual field on each side of the horizontal meridian can be represented in quite separate parts of V II. We refer to V II as asecond order transformation of the visual hemifield and suggest that V II serves as a functional adjunct to V I.
Flightin is a myosin rod binding protein

The assembly of striated muscle myosin into thick filaments of precise and regular length requires the assistance of accessory proteins. Drosophila indirect flight muscle (IFM) contain flightin, a 20-kDa protein that has been shown to be essential for flight, for maintenance of sarcomeric integrity in active muscle, and informative in length determination of thick filaments during IFM development. Additionally, a point mutation in the myosin rod (Mhc 13) negates flightin accumulation in the IFM in vivo. The manner in which flightin interacts with thick filaments is not known. Here, two different solid-state binding assays demonstrate that flightin binds to myosin and to a recombinant fragment of the myosin rod that include the COOH-terminal 600 amino acids (zone 19 to tail piece). The interaction of flightin and myosin is abolished by the single amino acid substitution in Mhc 13 at position 1e of zone 27 of the red (residue 1554). The molar ratio of flightin to myosin is approx 1∶1 to 1∶2. Thus, the instability of thick filaments, seen in vivo in the absence of flightin suggests that the flightin-myosin interaction is critical for maintaining sarcomere integrity in active muscle.
A Golgi study of hypothalamic transplants in young and old host rats

Abstract The supraoptic nucleus of the F344 rat shows an age-related dendritic regression [17]. In order to determine whether this previously observed dendritic regression may have been related to extrinsic (to the cell) hormonal, neurotoxic, or other circulating factors unique to the hypothalamus of older brains, we conducted a quantitative Golgi study of F344 embryonic anterior hypothalamic transplants into the third ventricle of young adult (5 months) and older (25 months) male F344 rats. Three months following transplantation there were no qualitative effects of host age on neuronal morphology, nor were there quantitative effects on transplant size, dendritic length or branching frequency within the transplanted tissue. These results suggest that either (a) there were no age-related changes in factors in the host brain which were sufficient to significantly affect dendritic extent or, (b) intrinsic connections or other properties within the transplant may be important in moderating the effect of the milieu of the aged brain on the transplanted tissue.
Medium-Dependent Phenotypes of Streptomyces coelicolor with Mutations in ftsI or ftsW

Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) ftsI- and ftsW-null mutants produced aerial hyphae with no evidence of septation when grown on a traditional osmotically enhanced medium. This phenotype was partially suppressed when cultures were grown on media prepared without sucrose. We infer that functional FtsZ rings can form in ftsI- and ftsW-null mutants under certain growth conditions.
Spin angular gradient approximation in the density functional theory

A spin angular gradient approximation for the exchange correlation magnetic field in the density functional formalism is proposed. The usage of such corrections leads to a consistent spin dynamical approach beyond the local approximation. The proposed technique can be used in modern full potential band-structure methods. Contributions of spin angular gradient corrections to the spin stiffness constant of Fe and Ni are calculated. The obtained results indicate that the direct ``potential'' exchange in $3d$ magnets is rather small compared to the indirect ``kinetic'' exchange and thus justifies the dynamical aspect of the local density approximation in $3d$ metals.
A Secure and Privacy Aware Data Dissemination For The Notification of Traffic Incidents

Recently, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) employing a combination of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication have been proposed to alert drivers about different traffic events. NOTICE, a secure and privacy-aware architecture for the Notification Of Traffic InCidEnts that provides drivers with up-to-the-minute notification about highway conditions, is introduced in. NOTICE moves the responsibility for making decisions about traffic-related incidents to the infrastructure rather than leaving those decisions with the vehicles, which may have incomplete or incorrect knowledge. This paper introduces a secure data dissemination technique that could be used in NOTICE or can be easily adapted to enhance other existing data routing or dissemination techniques.
Prevolcanic extensional Seaman breakaway fault and its geologic implications for eastern Nevada and western Utah

Stratigraphic and structural relations indicate that a large-displacement east-dipping normal fault, the Seaman fault, is concealed under southern White River Valley, Nevada. The Seaman fault forms the breakaway of an eastward-rooting pre-middle Oligocene (pre-30.6 Ma) extensional detachment system and may connect northward to the breakaway of the Oligocene extensional system exposed in the Snake, Schell Creek, and Egan Ranges. We propose that this regional breakaway zone bounds a single eastward-rooting Oligocene extensional belt, the Snake-Stampede system, that affected much of eastern Nevada and western Utah. The southward migration with time of Tertiary volcanism in the Great Basin caused varying temporal relations between volcanism and deformation in the Snake-Stampede system; approximately synchronous extension is prevolcanic to the south but syn- to postvolcanic to the north. This pattern conflicts with widely accepted temporal and genetic links between volcanism and crustal extension. Basin and Range crustal extension probably neither triggered nor was triggered by magmatism, but instead volcanism and extension operated somewhat independently.
The expanding field of polyphosphazene high polymers

The importance of phosphorus in polymer chemistry is illustrated by the growth of the broad field of polyphosphazene science. Several hundred high polymers are now known with a phosphorus-nitrogen backbone and combinations or more than 250 different organic side groups. The properties of these polymers depend on both the character of the inorganic backbone and the structure of the organic side groups. This summary reviews the synthesis pathways to these materials, the often-unique structure-property relationships, and challenges for the future expansion of this field.
Robustness analysis and synthesis for nonlinear uncertain systems

A state-space characterization of robustness analysis and synthesis for nonlinear uncertain systems is proposed. The robustness of a class of nonlinear systems subject to L/sub 2/-bounded structured uncertainties is characterized in terms of a nonlinear matrix inequality (NLMI), which yields a convex feasibility problem. As in the linear case, scalings are used to find a Lyapunov or storage function that give sufficient conditions for robust stability and performances. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of robustness synthesis problems are represented in terms of NLMIs as well. With the proposed NLMI characterizations, it is shown that the computation needed for robustness analysis and synthesis is not more difficult than that for checking Lyapunov stability; the numerical solutions for robustness problems are approximated by the use of finite element methods or finite difference schemes, and the computations are reduced to solving linear matrix inequalities. Unfortunately, while the development in this paper parallels the corresponding linear theory, the resulting computational consequences are, of course, not as favourable.
Language teachers: Research and studies in language(s) education, teaching, and learning in Teaching and Teacher Education, 1985–2012 ☆

The article reviews twelve of 79 articles focusing on language teachers, language(s) teacher education, teaching, and learning published in Teaching and Teacher Education since 1985. The twelve articles, divided into three sections, include narrative inquiry and identity, teacher education topics, and contexts. The articles provide local and contextual expressions that taken together begin to compose a landscape or sphere where various language education researchers share wonderments and puzzlements, queries and inquiries, and insights and understandings. The TATE articles provide puzzle pieces lending evidence to a plausible postdisciplinarity sphere of growing and developing research and studies in language(s) teacher education.
Calder query grid service: insights and experimental evaluation

We have architected and evaluated a new kind of data resource, one that is composed of a logical collection of ephemeral data streams that could be viewed as a collection of publish-subscribe "channels" over which rich data-access and semantic operations can be performed. This paper contributes new insight to stream processing under the highly asynchronous stream workloads often found in data-driven scientific applications, and presents insights gained through porting a distributed stream processing system to a grid services framework. Experimental results reveal limits on stream processing rates that are directly tied to differences in stream rates.
Nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of lysine–oligopeptides and a complex with d(pA)3pGpC(pT)3

We report proton magnetic resonance studies of a series of lysine oligopeptides in H2O solution. At pH 5 the protonated e-amino groups are seen as broad resonances; the peptide NH proton resonances are split by spin–spin coupling with the Cα-H proton, and appear at positions which depend on position in the chain and on chain length. Assignments were made by the europium shift method, and we observed the expected effect of catalysis by the terminal —NH3+ of exchange of the adjacent peptide NH. Coupling constants and the temperature coefficient of chemical shift values were consistent with a non-hydrogen-bonded structure for the oligolysines. The rate and mechanism of NH hydrogen exchange were investigated by line-broadening measurements of the peptide protons as a function of pH. Exchange was found to be OH− catalyzed, with large differences in the rate depending on position in the chain. Preliminary studies of the complex between double-helical d(pA)3pGpC(pT)3 and tetra(L-lysine) were performed using 1H- and 31P-nmr techniques. Pmr spectra of the complex at pH values ranging from 3.98 to 8.15 showed very complicated patterns. Downfield shifts and reduction in exchange rates were observed for several tetra(L-lysine) protons. 31P-nmr spectra of the complex reveal an upfield shift of 1 ppm for 3′-5′ phosphate diester resonances on complexation. 31P T1 relaxation times change little on complex formation at low temperature but are altered at higher temperature.
Footfall patterns and interlimb co‐ordination in opossums (Family Didelphidae): evidence for the evolution of diagonal‐sequence walking gaits in primates

Most primates typically use a diagonal-sequence footfall pattern during walking. This footfall pattern, which is unusual for mammals, is believed to have originated in ancestral primates in association with the use of grasping extremities for movement and foraging on thin, flexible branches. This theory was tested by comparing gait parameters between the grey short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica and the woolly opossum Caluromys philander, two didelphid marsupials that are strongly differentiated in grasping morphology of the extremities and in their reliance on foraging strategies involving thin branches. One hundred and thirty gait cycles were analysed quantitatively from videotapes of subjects moving quadrupedally on a runway and on poles of different diameters (7 and 28 mm). Duty factor (i.e. duration of the stance phase as a percentage of the stride period) for the forelimb and hindlimb, as well as diagonality (i.e. phase relationship between the forelimb and hindlimb cycles), were calculated for each of these symmetrical gait cycles. We found that the highly terrestrial Monodelphis, like most other non-primate mammals, relies primarily on lateral-sequence walking gaits on both runway and poles, and has relatively higher forelimb duty factors. Like primates, the highly arboreal Caluromys uses primarily diagonal-sequence walking gaits on the runway and pole, with relatively higher hindlimb duty factors and diagonality. The fact that the woolly opossum, a marsupial with primate-like feet that moves and forages mainly on thin branches, uses primarily diagonal-sequence gaits when walking supports the view that primate gaits evolved to meet the demands of locomotion on narrow supports. This also demonstrates the functional role of a grasping foot, in association with relatively higher hindlimb duty factors, protraction, and substrate reaction forces, in the production of such walking gaits.
Transplantation of Fas-deficient or wild-type neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) is equally efficient in treating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Studies have shown that neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is beneficial in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is unclear whether NPCs have the ability to integrate into the host CNS to replace lost cells or if their main mechanism of action is via bystander immunomodulation. Understanding the mechanisms by which NPCs exert their beneficial effects as well as exploring methods to increase post-transplantation survival and differentiation is critical to advancing this treatment strategy. Using the EAE model and Fas-deficient ( lpr) NPCs, we investigated the effects of altering the Fas system in NPC transplantation therapy. We show that transplantation of NPCs into EAE mice ameliorates clinical symptoms with greater efficacy than sham treatments regardless of cell type ( wt or lpr). NPC transplanta- tion via retro-orbital injections significantly decreased inflammatory infiltrates at the acute time point, with a similar trend at the chronic time point. Both wt and lpr NPCs injected into mice with EAE were able to home to sites of CNS inflammation in the periventricular brain and lumbar spinal cord. Both wt and lpr NPCs have the same capacity for inducing apoptosis of Th1 and Th17 cells, and minimal numbers of NPCs entered the CNS. These cells did not express terminal differentiation markers, suggesting that NPCs exert their effects mainly via bystander peripheral immunomodulation.
Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii Replication by Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Submicromolar concentrations of several dinitroaniline herbicides have been found to specifically inhibit intracellular replication of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. IC50 concentrations for T. gondii survival were approximately 100 nM for ethalfluralin and oryzalin and approximately 300 nM for trifluralin. Primary human fibroblasts employed as host cells for parasite culture were unaffected at > 100-fold higher concentrations. Extracellular parasites were unaffected by these drugs, but within 8 hr after treatment of infected cell cultures, intracellular tachyzoites formed large amorphous bodies containing distorted nuclei. Parasite cytokinesis was completely blocked by drug treatment; nucleic acid synthesis, however, continued at near-normal levels for several days in the continuous presence of drug. All dinitroanilines appear to block nuclear division by inhibition of intranuclear spindle formation, but other cytoskeletal components were differentially affected by the various drugs tested. Subpellicular microtubules were absent in oryzalin-treated parasites, and large fragments of the inner membrane complex were observed throughout the parasite cytoplasm. In contrast, subpellicular microtubules and the inner membrane complex remained intact in ethalfluralin-treated parasites, but the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope were highly distended. Cytoskeletal elements associated with the conoid were not affected by any of the dinitroanilines tested, and treatment with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 failed to trigger release of drug-treated parasites from infected cells. Mutant parasites resistant to oryzalin, ethalfluralin, or trifluralin were selected by chemical mutagenesis and examined for cross-resistance. An ethalfluralin-resistant mutant displayed cross-resistance to both oryzalin and trifluralin, while a trifluralin-resistant mutant was sensitive to oryzalin and only partially resistant ethalfluralin; an oryzalin-resistant mutant exhibited higher resistance to ethalfluralin and trifluralin than to oryzalin itself. Similarities between Apicomplexan and plant tubulin are discussed.
Gender and the expression of schizophrenia.

The expression of schizophrenia was examined in 169 DSM-III diagnosed schizophrenics. Restricted maximum likelihood factor analysis was used to test the invariance of the hypothesized symptom model across gender. Findings indicated that schizophrenic women not only expressed more impulsivity and affective symptomatology than did men, but their psychotic symptoms covaried consistently with the expression of impulsivity, anger and other affective symptomatology. Men's expression of schizophrenia covaried positively with withdrawal/isolation and an inability to function, suggesting a possible negative sympton pattern. Gender differences were not attributable to misclassification, differences in diagnostic subtypes, nor to selection. Results are discussed in light of their implications for understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia.
Message delivered: how myocytes control cAMP signaling.

See related article, pages 1091–1100 Despite the vast array of specific receptors and ligands through which cells receive information from their outside environment, the first line of messengers that relay this onto internal signaling cascades is more limited. Yet, somehow, the purpose of the original message is conveyed (ie, we know who knocked on the front door), and the message ends up influencing just the right proteins to produce the desired effect. A striking example of this selectivity is the cyclic nucleotides for which only 2 basic types exist; cAMP and cGMP. Despite this limited cast, these molecules precisely regulate many complex and disparate cellular activities. Their trick is to be in the right place at the right time and with the right amount of signal. It is now well established that cyclic nucleotides are spatially compartmentalized to enable different external triggers to vary the internal cellular response.1–5 This can be achieved by localizing the cyclases that synthesize cAMP or cGMP in different parts of the cell, parking the effector kinase protein kinase (PK)A in particular regions by means of anchoring proteins (AKAPs)6 (may apply to PKG though still unclear), and targeting phosphodiesterases to one area or another and/or providing them with hierarchical control.1 The latter is thought to be particularly important by limiting diffusion of a cyclic nucleotide from its site of generation to other parts of the cell. There are eleven 3′,5′-phosphodiesterase (PDE) subfamily members with approximately 50 isoforms, targeting cAMP, cGMP, or in some instances both.7 Given that many of these PDEs can themselves be activated by cyclic nucleotides and/or their effector kinases, the system has substantial built-in complexity for localized regulation. Compartmental signaling was first …
The Foundations of Literacy

Learning to read and write in English requires children to master the alphabetic principle, the idea that the letters in printed words represent the sounds in spoken words in a more or less regular manner. Children need at least two skills in order to grasp the alphabetic principle. The first is phonological awareness, or a sensitivity to the sound structure of spoken words. The second is knowledge about letters, including knowledge of letter names and knowledge of letter sounds. Recent research sheds light on these foundational skills, documenting the linguistic factors that affect children's performance and how children put their phonological skills and knowledge of letters to use in learning to read and spell.
Mathematics and Foreign Languages—Tough Hombres

A plea that these two subjects be retained in all high school, college and university curricula; more than any other subjects they teach how rather than what to think. For the development of correlated reasoning they have no superior.
Higher Taxa in Biodiversity Studies: Patterns from Eastern Pacific Marine Molluscs

Several recent studies have proposed the use of higher taxa as a proxy for species-level biodiversity patterns. Here this premise is evaluated by using a large database of benthic marine molluscs from the eastern Pacific. In this assemblage, diversity patterns at the genus and family level are significantly correlated with those at the species level. However, the choice of taxonomic rank depends on the resolution required to address a given problem. Although familial data are very robust to sampling and adequately reflect the general species-level patterns (for example, the presence and sign of diversity gradients), they cannot adequately resolve regional variations such as stepped diversity trends. Genera are useful even at regional scales, but species-frequency distributions within higher taxa vary with diversity (and biogeography). Hence, for regional studies, calibration based on a few well-sampled local assemblages is recommended to increase the effectiveness of genera as proxies for species-level patterns. Information contained within the taxonomic hierarchy can also provide insights into other macroecological patterns that are not evident from a simple tabulation of species, such as estimates of the latitudinal deployment of biodisparity.
Couples' perceptions of effective and ineffective ingredients of marital therapy

Reports from 15 couples of the helpful and hindering aspects of their marital therapy were sorted into 12 effective ingredient categories and 5 ineffective categories. The couples were interviewed after receiving eight sessions of marital therapy. Results indicate that couples expect marital therapists to be active, directive, and focused while providing a safe and empathic therapeutic environment. Also, couples identified therapist mistakes such as wasting time and being unclear in therapy as detrimental to therapy. The implications of these empirically derived processes for the theory, research, and practice of marital therapy are discussed.
Interpreting Differential Rates of Service Use: Avoiding Myopia

This article is in response to John B. Mordock's `The "Clinician's Illusion": More Evidence?' (pp. 579-590, this volume). While it is our belief that the `clinician's illusion' is of interest to practitioners and researchers, using data from the Fort Bragg Demonstration Project to exemplify the existence of this construct is extremely problematic.
Applying Treatment Outcome Research in Clinical Practice: Techniques for Adapting Interventions to the Real World

Despite the growing literature on empirically supported therapies, these interventions are rarely used in clinical settings. Although researchers lament the poor transfer of techniques from controlled trials to clinics, little has been written to guide the adaptation of manualised treatments for real-life clinical practice. The goal of this paper is to provide suggestions for the clinical use of research-tested treatments, with specific examples from the treatment of child depressive disorders. Strategies for applying manuals flexibly, adapting treatments to address comorbidity, attending to individual differences, and overcoming training obstacles are highlighted.
Label-Free Biosensor Based on Copolymer-Functionalized Optical Fiber Long-Period Grating

Long-period gratings have been recently proposed as label-free optical devices for biochemical sensing. Fiber bio-functionalization was performed using Eudragit L100 copolymer as opposed to the commonly used silanization procedure. An IgG/anti-IgG bioassay was carried out for studying antigen/antibody interaction. The biosensor was characterized, monitoring in real time all the bioassay steps and achieving the calibration curve of the assay. By comparison, two LPG-based biosensors with distinct grating periods were characterized following the same bioassay protocol. Experimental results demonstrated an enhancement of the biosensor performance when the coupling occurs with a higher-order cladding mode. Considering an LPG manufactured on a bare optical fiber, in which the coupling occurs with the seventh cladding mode, a limit of detection of 500 ng mL−1 was achieved.
Taselisib (GDC-0032), a Potent β-Sparing Small Molecule Inhibitor of PI3K, Radiosensitizes Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas Containing Activating PIK3CA Alterations.

Purpose: Activating PIK3CA genomic alterations are frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and there is an association between phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and radioresistance. Hence, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting PI3K with GDC-0032, a PI3K inhibitor with potent activity against p110α, in combination with radiation in HNSCC. Experimental Design: The efficacy of GDC-0032 was assessed in vitro in 26 HNSCC cell lines with crystal violet proliferation assays, and changes in PI3K signaling were measured by Western blot analysis. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization were assessed with Annexin V staining via flow cytometry and clonogenic survival assays, respectively. DNA damage repair was assessed with immunofluorescence for γH2AX foci, and cell cycle analysis was performed with flow cytometry. In vivo efficacy of GDC-0032 and radiation was assessed in xenografts implanted into nude mice. Results: GDC-0032 inhibited potently PI3K signaling and displayed greater antiproliferative activity in HNSCC cell lines with PIK3CA mutations or amplification, whereas cell lines with PTEN alterations were relatively resistant to its effects. Pretreatment with GDC-0032 radiosensitized PIK3CA -mutant HNSCC cells, enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis, impaired DNA damage repair, and prolonged G2–M arrest following irradiation. Furthermore, combined GDC-0032 and radiation was more effective than either treatment alone in vivo in subcutaneous xenograft models. Conclusions: GDC-0032 has increased potency in HNSCC cell lines harboring PIK3CA -activating aberrations. Further, combined GDC-0032 and radiotherapy was more efficacious than either treatment alone in PIK3CA -altered HNSCC in vitro and in vivo . This strategy warrants further clinical investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 2009–19. ©2015 AACR .
The use of an oxygen concentration 50% above baseline before and after endotracheal suctioning prevents hypoxemia in stable patients

Objective: Few are known about the use of inspired fractions of oxygen less than 100% (1) to prevent hypoxemia during endotracheal suctioning (ES). The objective was compare the repercussions of using a FiO2 50% above the baseline with a FiO2 of 100% during ES in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: A randomized trial in 17 patients (55,7±23,9 years) underwent 2 sessions of ES (break of 6 hours) with prior hyperoxygenation by two values of FiO2: 50% above the baseline and 100%. The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and breath rate (BR) were recorded at baseline, 5 minutes after adjusting the FiO2, likewise 1 and 5 minutes after the end of procedures. Results: SpO2 within the groups increased in all phases of the two protocols, compared to baseline. There was an increase in HR at 1 min after ES in protocol with raising the FiO2 to 50%, compared to PRE time and baseline, as well as the BR in procedure with FiO2 of 100%. Already MAP increased only at 1o min compared to baseline in the protocol with increase FiO2 to 50%. In the intergroup analysis, SpO2 and BR was higher in the procedure with FiO2 of 100% at 1 min after the ES, but without clinical relevance. Conclusion: The use of a FiO2 50% above baseline before and after ES prevented hypoxemia and negative changes in vital signs of stable patients on mechanical ventilation.
Trinidad and Tobago National Standardization of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents.

Given relevant cultural distinctions across nations, it is important to determine the dimensional structure and normative characteristics of psychological assessment devices in each focal population. This article examines the national standardization and validation of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (ASCA) with a nationally representative sample of Trinidad and Tobago schoolchildren (N = 900). ASCA is a 156-item teacher rating scale that measures sociobehavioral adjustment. Results from exploratory and confirmatory analyses yielded the same Overactivity and Underactivity dimensions observed in international samples. The dimensions were scaled using IRT and Bayesian scoring, with scores evincing expected moderate to strong relationships with other teacher observations and weaker relationships with parent observations and reading achievement. Population performance trends are explored and implications are discussed.
Contribution of residual activity of Tc99m Tetrofosmin to total effective dose delivered in myocardial perfusion scans

2656 Objectives There is an increase in public awareness of accumulative radiation exposure to patients undergoing diagnostic tests. The American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC) recommends decreasing patient radiation exposure to 9 mSv in 50% of patients by 2014. By measuring and subtracting residual activity from rest and stress dosages, we will be in compliance with ASNC recommendations, and will be able to more accurately track the accumulative radiation exposure to a patient. Methods Tc99m Tetrofosmin doses were drawn up in a 3cc syringe. The injection of the Tc99m Tetrofosmin rest and stress dosage was performed by the same two technologists. The average resting dosage activity was 12.11 mCi and the average stress dosage activity was 31.36 mCi. The rest and stress dosages were assayed immediately prior to injection, and the residuals were obtained immediately post injection in the dose calibrator and recorded. Results A total of 59 rest and stress injections were recorded along with the residuals of each dosage. The average resting residual activity was 3.55 mCi with a standard deviation of +/- 0.67% and the average stress residual activity was 5.06 mCi with a standard deviation of +/- 1.77%. The total effective dose before residual subtraction was calculated to be 11.52 mSv. The total effective dose after residual subtraction was calculated to be 9.21mSv. Conclusions Subtracting the residual activity of a Tc99m Tetrofosmin syringe, reduces the rest dose by 29.33% and the stress dose by 16.13%. This lowers the total effective dose delivered from 11.52 mSv to 9.21 mSv and puts us in compliance with ASNC. Subtracting the residual activity prevents any adverse effects from overestimating patient exposure. Research Support Meghal Patel CNMT, Jon Jacobs CNMT
Land changes and their drivers in the cloud forest and coastal zone of Dhofar, Oman, between 1988 and 2013

The land-cover changes in the cloud forest and coastal plain of Dhofar, Oman, from 1988 to 2013 are reported, and their possible causes explored. Multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis, cluster analysis using local indicators of spatial association, and trend analysis of NDVI time series are used to measure environmental changes. The results demonstrate: systematic degradation and loss of vegetation types in the cloud forest; loss of native land covers to impervious surfaces on the coastal plain; decreases in woody plant vegetation in almost half of the cloud forest in distinctive hotspots of loss; and significant decreases in NDVI trends around the city of Salalah, along the coastal plain, and in parts of the cloud forest. The proximate drivers of these changes in the cloud forest appear to be changes in grazing activities, while the growth of Salalah, especially its peri-urban area, altered the coastal plain. These drivers, in turn, are linked to distal ones, foremost changes in Omani policies and investments in the Dhofar area, traced to government responses to the Dhofar War (1970–1975), which have resulted in increased livestock populations and urban growth.
Analysis on the influence of the arc model and its parameter of disconnector on very fast transient overvoltage

In order to study the influence of the arc model and its parameter of disconnector on very fast transient overvoltage,take typical extra-high voltage GIS simulation test circuit as an example to analyse the isolating switch arc model and parameter selection then the VFTO simulation calculation is accomplished under different parameters of the arc model.The simulation results show that gas breakdown process has a great effect on VFTO gradient.the shorter the breakdown time delay,the greater the steepness of VFTO.Steady state arc resistance influences VFTO amplitude.VFTO amplitude is becoming smaller when steady state arc resistance becomes greater.The quenching process of arc will affect VFTO attenuation speed.When the quenching time of arc lengthens,VFTO attenuation speed slows down.This paper provides a reference to the actual situation of the reasonable selection of arc model and its parameter for VFTO simulation which has an important meaning.
Gout in a Patient with Reiter's Syndrome

A patient with coexistent Reiter's syndrome (RS) and tophaceous gout is described. The association of these two rheumatic diseases has not been previously reported. The reason for the rare association between gout and RS is unclear but possible explanations are reviewed. The diagnosis of gout should be considered in patients with RS who experience acute monoarticular or pauciarticular arthritis and characteristic cutaneous nodules.
Role of mast cells in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced microvascular dysfunction.

Previous studies demonstrated that human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidized with Cu2+ promotes leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, mast cell degranulation, and albumin extravasation in rat mes...
DI-008 Apps for paediatric dosing – an evaluation

Background The website www.kinderdosierungen.ch provides health professionals with paediatric dosages. To increase usability, we aimed to develop a mobile app. Many apps containing paediatric dosages are already available on the market. Purpose As we are interested to see if the available apps are safe to use in daily practice and to identify areas for possible improvement, we evaluated their quality and content. Material and methods The Internet, Apple app store and Google play were screened for apps focusing on paediatric dosages. The apps found were analysed according to criteria, including age, costs and number of active ingredients. For a more indepth evaluation, apps with a dosage calculator and either more than 70 active ingredients or a calculator specific for preterm infants were selected and assessed according to the following main categories: quality/content, quantity, calculator, features, usability and additional professional information. Results Of the 43 apps evaluated, more than a third (n = 15) were available for free. Nearly half of the apps (n = 19) contained 20–100 active ingredients, while approximately 25% contained more than 100 active ingredients. 18 apps (40%) fulfilled our criteria for further evaluation. With a maximum possible score of 30, the highest score reached was 20 (Safe Dose, Epocrates and Lexicomp), followed by 18 (AGN Emergency Booklet) and 17 (Peds Meds). The app Safe Dose ranked first in the category features and second in quality/content and additional professional information. Epocrates ranked third in all categories with the exception of the calculator feature, which received a low rank. Lexicomp was top in the categories quality/content, quantity and additional professional information but scored poorly with regards to usability and calculator function. Importantly, regarding the lowest ranked apps, none was identified that would be dangerous to use. Conclusion There is room for improvement for paediatric dosing apps, especially regarding integration of preterm infant calculations into apps that are not specifically designed for neonatology. Prior to using an app, a short evaluation is recommended as the appropriate app depends on the contents and features that are important for the user. No conflict of interest.
Need-to-belong theory

The motivation to form and sustain at least a minimum amount of social connections is one of the most powerful, universal, and influential human drives. It shapes emotion, cognition, and behavior. It explains self-esteem as an internal measure of one's chances of having good relationships. Different ways of satisfying the need to belong can explain gender differences in personality and roles and even reinterpret the history of gender politics, on the assumption that women emphasize close, intimate relationships whereas men are oriented toward larger networks of shallower relationships. Studies of rejection show that thwarting the need to belong produces drastic and sometimes puzzling effects, including increases in aggression and self-destructive acts, and decreases in helpfulness, cooperation, self-control, and intelligent thought. Lab rejection studies produce an emotional numbness that has pointed the way to question the basic functions of emotion and how emotion affects behavior. Culture, which is the ultimate achievement and form of human social life, depends on belongingness, and that observation offers a powerful basis for understanding human nature and many distinctively human traits.
Homogeneous Nucleation and the Heat‐Pipe Boiling Limitation

Criteria for phase change in classical heat pipes and loop heat pipes with microporous capillary structures of wicks have been formulated and developed. The criteria are based on homogeneous nucleation and cluster theory to evaluate the superheat required for phase change to occur in microchannels. The results can be employed in analyzing the limiting operational criteria and heat‐transfer capacity of heat pipes based on the boiling limit.
Why trigger warnings are beneficial, perhaps even necessary

AbstractIn response to a panel discussion from the Eastern Communication Association (ECA) and the article written by Dr. Robert Vatz in this issue, I make a case for the usefulness and benefit of the practice of trigger warnings in the classroom. I draw on my own experience as a transsexual woman teaching at a conservative school, as well as contemporary psychological theory and ethics. I argue that trigger warnings are not detrimental to freedom of speech (as others, such as Dr. Vatz here, contend) and that they are in fact necessary for the well-being of some students. Moreover, judicial use of warnings can enhance classroom participation and discussion, and the intellectual development of students and faculty.
Population Distribution and Range Expansion of the Invasive Mexican Rice Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Louisiana.

The Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is an invasive pest that was first introduced into southern Texas in 1980 and has been expanding its range eastward along the United States Gulf Coast. The pest attacks rice (Oryza sativa L.), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), corn (Zea mays L.), and other graminaceous crops, and its establishment in Louisiana is expected to have severe economic impacts on crop production. Range expansion and population distribution of E. loftini were monitored with a network of 77 pheromone traps throughout southwestern Louisiana from 2013 to 2015. Eoreuma loftini was ubiquitous throughout the study region, with male moths captured in every habitat sampled. Spatial analysis revealed the population is characterized by high and low density clusters, with the greatest trap captures occurring in southeastern Calcasieu Parish and southern Jefferson Davis Parish. Trap captures in more northern regions of the study were lower than in southern parishes. Trap captures in areas where the pest has been established for >3 yr were greatest in rice habitats. The weighted mean population center moved eastward at a rate of ∼11 km per year. Human-aided movement of E. loftini was probably not involved in the eastward expansion documented during this study. Seasonal population peaks were detected in March-April, July-August, and October-November. This study indicates this species is continuing its spread eastward along the United States Gulf Coast and will likely become established throughout Louisiana within the next 20 yr.
Portable impedance measurement device for sweat based glucose detection

The future of disease diagnostics and health care wearables lies in the development of low-cost sensors that can detect minute traces of pathogens or antigens from body fluids. Developments in nanotechnology and biomedical research have already shown us that a nanosensor can be specifically tailored to detect a specific biomolecule. These sensors would allow patients to run point of care diagnostic tests, thereby saving time and cost of running clinical tests and can give early stage disease diagnosis and help physicians to provide personalized treatment. This work involves the development of a configurable electronic sensor platform that will interface with these sensors. The device is tested by quantification of glucose from sweat using a nanosensor developed in the Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Lab in the University of Texas at Dallas. The platform can be easily configured to run Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy based detection test for other biomolecules by using sensor tailored for it.