cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Unbiased Watch? Fascism, Anti-Fascism and the State

When fascists and anti-fascists met each other on the streets, they came into conflict and there was a cycle of violence. The violence began with physical attacks carried out by fascists. Jews who lived in the areas in which the Union Movement was based had to endure constant anti-Semitic abuse and often violence. Fascists set fire to the Ark and Sacred Scrolls of the Dollis Hill Synagogue, and also attacked synagogues in Clapton, Bristol and Willesden. Such was the climate of fear that Edgware and Burnt Oak synagogues were compelled to employ 24-hour security guards. Moreover, the attacks were not always directed against the Jewish religion; fascists also attacked a number of individual Jews. In May 1947, a group called the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) sent hate mail to Mrs Ayrten Gould MP, and to the Edgware Local. Their letter referred to an attack on a 41-year-old Jewish man, Mr Lewis Lipstein. The group boasted that they had carried out the attack and threatened Mrs Gould with the same treatment. In August 1947, H. Trainis and his wife were assaulted in the area around Colverstone Crescent in Hackney. In the same area, one month later, J. Kerstein was surrounded and attacked by a mob shouting ‘Down with the Jews’ and ‘We’ll put you in Belsen, where you belong.’ Following a separate incident in October 1947, three fascists were given 28 days for a ‘deliberate and unprovoked assault’ on three Jews.
Kernel Weighted Smoothed Maximum Score Estimation for Applied Work

The endogenous binary response model frequently arises in economic applications when a covariate is correlated with the error term in the latent equation due to data limitations. Applied workers generally address endogeneity using the principle of Maximum Likelihood (ML) which imposes stringent paramet- ric assumptions. These ML estimators are inconsistent if the posited parametrization is incorrect which can translate in practice into aberrant results contradicting economic theory. Semiparametric estima- tors have been developed imposing weaker distributional assumptions. Some semiparametric techniques permit inferences from data but restrict heteroscedasticity which may furnish deceptive results. Other semiparametric techniques can accommodate almost any heteroscedasticity but forbid inferences. This article summarizes two new estimation techniques which allow for inferences under general heteroscedas- ticity conditions. Some Monte Carlo experiments are conducted highlighting the robust advantage of these estimators. Finally, these estimation techniques are applied to assess the e ect of education on maternal pregnancy smoking using the 1988 National Health Interview Survey.
Defending Nietzsche's Constructivism about Objects

Nietzsche appears to adopt a radical Kantian view of objects called constructivism, which holds that the existence of all objects depends essentially on our practices. This essay provides a new reconstruction of Nietzsche's argument for constructivism and responds to five pressing objections to reading Nietzsche as a constructivist that have not been addressed by commentators defending constructivist interpretations of Nietzsche.
Telemedicine for Management of Implantable Defibrillators: Lessons Learned and a Look Toward the Future

See Article by Dalouk et al For decades, the field of cardiology has attempted to tackle the complex problem of providing care during critical periods between clinic visits or hospitalizations. Heart failure has been the prototypical disease for which to develop these interventions because care is complex and guided by subtle symptoms and signs of congestion and volume overload. Failure to make ongoing small but clinically significant titrations in heart failure medications was thought to increase risk of heart failure hospitalization and possibly mortality. Therefore, stakeholders sought to develop outside-the-office interventions to manage these patients. In patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD), optimal management requires yet another layer of oversight, which is device management. Clinical evaluation of the ICD includes assessment of a range of programmed parameters, diagnostics, and tests well known to this readership. In addition, the device visit serves as an opportunity for nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians, and other clinical staff to assess overall and cardiovascular health and social history, which may lead to interventions beyond device therapy, including medication titration, diagnostic testing, and even timely referral to other specialty or primary care physicians. Despite the advent of home-based remote monitoring of cardiac implantable devices, periodic face-to-face visits are still considered essential in clinical practice guidelines, owing to the fact that devices cannot be programmed remotely. For patients and caregivers with difficulty accessing face-to-face care such as those from rural areas, this paradigm may pose challenges or inconveniences for clinic visits that may be perceived as routine or insignificant. In this issue of …
Cyber analysis emulation platform for wireless communication network protocols

Wireless networking and mobile communications is increasing around the world and in all sectors of our lives. With increasing use, the density and complexity of the systems increase with more base stations and advanced protocols to enable higher data throughputs. The security of data transported over the wireless networks must also evolve with the advances in technologies enabling the more capable wireless networks. However, means for analysis of the effectiveness of security approaches and implementations used on wireless networks are lacking. More specifically a capability to analyze the lower-layer protocols (i.e., Link and Physical Layers) is a major challenge. An analysis approach that incorporates protocol implementations without the need for RF emissions is necessary. In this research paper several emulation tools and custom extensions that enable an analysis platform to perform cyber security analysis of lower-layer wireless networks is presented. A use case of a published exploit in the 802.11 (i.e., WiFi) protocol family is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the described emulation platform.
Lasting Impression: Transformational Leadership and Family Supportive Supervision as Resources for Well-Being and Performance

Although evidence is growing in the occupational health field that supervisors are a critical influence on subordinates’ reports of family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), our understanding is limited regarding the antecedents of employee’s FSSB perceptions and their lagged effects on future health and work outcomes. Drawing on a positive job resource perspective, we argue that supervisors who report that they use transformational leadership (TL) styles are more likely to have subordinates with higher FSSB perceptions. We theorize that these enhanced perceptions of work-family specific support increase access to personal and social resources (objectively and subjectively) that buffer work-nonwork demands and enhance health (mental, physical) and job outcomes (performance appraisal ratings, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, work-family conflict). Time-lagged multi-source survey data collected in a field study from retail employees and their supervisors and archival performance ratings data collected a year later support our proposed relationships (with the exception that for health, only mental health and not physical health was significant). Post hoc analyses showed that employees’ FSSB perceptions play a mediating role between supervisor TL and job satisfaction and work-family conflict, but no other outcomes studied. Overall, this study answers calls in the occupational health literature to use stronger designs to determine linkages between leadership-related workplace phenomena as antecedents of health, work-family, and job outcomes. Our results demonstrate that employees with supervisors who report that they use transformational leadership styles are more likely to perceive higher levels of family supportive supervision, which are positive job resources that enhance occupational health.
Racial disparities in the presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma in the population 65+ years in the United States.

249Background: Insufficient evidence exists regarding the presentation and management of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to describe racial diffe...
Housing, Household Portfolio, and Intertemporal Elasticity of Substitution

This paper investigates the impact of the inclusion of housing in a household portfolio on household's intertemporal decision making. Residential housing is one of the principal assets households hold, and thus changes in housing return can affect household consumption over time. We assess whether the inclusion of housing in the household portfolio affects one of the important parameters of the intertemporal choice, the intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES). The IES measures how a change in asset return affects household's consumption growth. Since the use of aggregate time series data presents potential aggregation problems, we estimate a consumer model using household-level data, in particular the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX), and thus account for household heterogeneity and demographics. Moreover, utilizing a household-level data set, we estimate IES parameters for different groups of assetholders: stockholders, bondholders, and homeowners. Our results indicate that a higher housing return positively affects consumption growth, and housing is an important asset to account for in the household portfolio. The estimation with the portfolio return that includes housing results in the IES of about 0.3, which is lower than that obtained using the Treasury bill rate. The estimation is also more robust to alternative sets of instruments and for different groups of assetholders.
Studies of iron overload. Lysosomal proteolysis of rat liver ferritin

To learn more about pathological iron storage in the liver, two sorts of lysosomes were isolated from rat livers in Percoll - sucrose or sucrose gradients: siderosomes (= iron-loaded terminal lysosomes) and light lysosomes (secondary and terminal). Such cell fractions were obtained from acutely iron-loaded and control rat livers. After lysis with Triton X-100 the preparations were assayed for proteolytic activity against rat liver ferritin (RLF) and denatured bovine hemoglobin (DBH), for buffer-soluble ferritin protein content, total protein and non-heme iron. At pH 3.6 both fractions displayed considerable proteolytic activity (cathepsin D activity) against DBH and endogenous proteins but little activity against RLF. By contrast, proteolytic activity against RLF was maximal at the highest pH tested, 6.5, at which DBH was practically insusceptible. The behavior of proteolytic activity against ferritin at pH 6.5 makes it likely that a single enzyme was involved that acted by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. However, no more than 2.5% of endogenous ferritin protein in the organelles was buffer-soluble. 41 to 89 hours after an intramuscular dose of 50 mg Fe, given as iron dextran, the non-heme iron content of light lysosomes and siderosomes had increased markedly and the ratio of non-heme Fe to buffer-soluble ferritin protein also became much elevated in the organelles; but the ratio of buffer-soluble ferritin to total protein did not rise significantly. The rise in organellar non-heme Fe exceeded iron saturation of rat liver ferritin and thus reflected conversion of ferritin to hemosiderin, which is buffer-insoluble.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Suffering, Hope, and Healing

Suffering is the experience of distress or disharmony caused by the loss, or threatened loss, of what we most cherish. Suffering involves dissolution, alienation, loss of dignity, and/or a sense of meaninglessness. Hopelessness is an extreme manifestation of suffering. However, hope is a natural human resource that can relieve suffering and contribute to healing. Hope is also more flexible and resilient that physicians, who traditionally withheld or manipulated the truth about dire prognoses, believed it to be. Maintaining hope, especially deep hope, is an antidote to suffering.
Tien jaar Whole Genome Analysis

The human genome at ten is de titel van een editorial dat op 1 april 2010 in Nature verscheen. Er wordt in gememoreerd dat in het jaar 2000 een feestelijke persconferentie plaatsvond waarop, in aanwezigheid van de toenmalige Amerikaanse president Bill Clinton en de Britse eerste minister Tony Blair, werd medegedeeld dat het menselijk genoom in kaart was gebracht. Het Witte Huis gaf een persbericht uit waarin de door velen gedeelde hoop werd uitgesproken dat deze mijlpaal zou leiden tot ‘ a new era of molecular medicine, an era that will bring new ways to prevent, diagnose, treat and cure disease.’
WATERBORNE PARASITES | Entamoeba

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by William A Petri Jr, Joanna M Schaenman, volume 3, pp. 2292–2295, © 1999, Elsevier Ltd.
Situation-Based Interpretable Learning for Personality Prediction in Social Media

Predicting individuals personality traits with their social media profile has proved to be feasible, but researchers recently have run into bottlenecks on further improving the prediction accuracy. One major limitation is that existing studies failed to consider context information in predicting social media users’ behaviors. In this paper, we adopted the DIAMONDS situation theory in psychology to capture the context information in Facebook posts. To solve this issue, we proposed a novel situation-based feature interaction learning model. In this study, we extracted situation features according to the DIAMONDS lexicon and computed the interaction values between these situation features and the commonly used n-gram features at the post level. Features at the post level were aggregated up to the user level using the averaging strategy. A group lasso penalty was employed to enforce strong heredity in the model, which addressed the overfitting challenge introduced by the interaction features. Empirical tests on a large-scale data set have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Behavioural and emotional problems among school children in Pakistan: A telephonic survey for prevalence and risk factors.

Aim Escalating rates of childhood mental health disorders constitute a serious issue for countries like Pakistan. However, due to a scarce number of studies on childhood behavioural problems, understanding the magnitude and gap of the problem is a challenge. Thus, the present study is intended to bridge this gap. This study provides estimates for prevalence, associated demographic risk factors and the impact of behavioural and emotional problems among school children. Methods A sample of children (n = 800) from public schools of Islamabad were selected using two-stage cluster random sampling. Data were collected from parents through telephonic interviews using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Prevalence of overall behaviour problems accounted for 15.9%. For conduct problems, estimates were around 26.6%, for emotional problems 22.5%, for peer problems 13%, for hyperactivity 10.6% and for social problems 3% in the initial analysis. Mother's education also appeared to be a significant predictor for mental health problems of youth, where low maternal education was associated with high prevalence and higher impact of emotional and behavioural problems in the present sample. Conclusions Prevalence estimates of the current study call for attention towards improving mental health services and access to children who are at risk or are having mental health problems. In the context of scarcity of the data from countries like Pakistan, the findings should be considered a call for mental health service providers, researchers and policymakers to scale up mental health services for youth in Pakistan.
Plasticity and divergence in ultraviolet reflecting structures on Dogface butterfly wings.

Abstract The vast diversity of animal coloration is generated through a combination of pigment and structural colors. These colors can greatly influence the fitness and life history of an organism. Butterflies and their wing colors are an excellent model to study how these colors can impact the development and success of an organism. In this study, we explore species differences in structurally-based ultraviolet coloration in the Zerene butterfly. We show clear species differences in ultraviolet (UV) pattern and reflectance spectra. By varying larval diet, we show evidence for developmental plasticity in the structure and organization of UV reflecting scales in Zerene cesonia. We further show that feeding the larval host plant of Zerene eurydice to Z. cesonia does not result in greater similarity in scale structure or UV coloration to the sister species. These results not only demonstrate a connection between plasticity in a male ornamentation, UV wing pattern, and larval resource acquisition, but also identify candidate structural and organizational changes in wing scales responsible for the trait variation.
Peanut allergen reduction and functional property improvement by means of enzymatic hydrolysis and transglutaminase crosslinking.

Abstract Enzymatic processing could reduce the allergenicity of peanut proteins while may lose the functional properties. Transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme for improving the functional properties of proteins/hydrolysates. No studies have been conducted on peanut hydrolysates that are crosslinked with TGase. In this study, allergenicity and functional properties of peanut protein hydrolysate cross-linked by TGase were tested. Papain, ficin and bromelain were selected out of eight food-grade enzymes for the kinetic analysis of peanut protein hydrolysis that lead to high reduction rate (K) of the IgE-binding property. Peanuts hydrolyzed by the three selected enzymes (200 AzU/g) were used for IgE binding, TGase-crosslinking and functional property characterization. After hydrolysis, the IgE-binding properties of the peanut soluble extracts were decreased (by 85%–95%); and functional properties were also decreased as compared to intact peanut protein extracts. The TGase crosslinked hydrolysates had similar IgE-binding properties to the un-crosslinked hydrolysates, but with higher functional properties.
PET imaging of ischemic brain stroke necrosis with novel agent 18F-Fluoroglucaric Acid

347 Objectives: Brain stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide, with considerable disability among survivors. Greater than 80% of brain strokes are due to cerebrovascular occlusion, particularly middle cerebral artery occlusion. Current management of stroke patients is aimed at preventing the progression of at-risk cerebral tissue towards infarction by restoring blood supply to ischemic but viable tissue (a.k.a. penumbra). The timing of treatment with respect to the type and stage of evolution of stroke critically determines the treatment success. By providing valuable information about the presence, size, and growth of infarct (umbra) and surrounding ischemia (penumbra), imaging contributes greatly to clinical decision making. While the gold standard for determining the penumbra is F-18-FMISO/PET, the agent is unavailable in most medical centers. The objective of this research was to investigate the utility of a new PET agent F-18-Fluoroglucaric acid (FGA) to delineate infarct in a mouse brain stroke model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods: Radiopharmaceutical FGA was synthesized in one-pot by a 5 min controlled oxidation of commercially available F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose. Quality control of FGA was performed by radio-TLC. Brain stroke was induced in the left cerebral hemisphere of male CD-1 mice (20-25 g) by occluding middle cerebral artery and allowing reperfusion after 1 h of occlusion. After 24 h of reperfusion, mice were subjected to imaging with Tc-99m-HMPAO (92.5 MBq) and F-18-FGA (92.5 MBq) for perfusion and infarct assessment, respectively. Helical SPECT was acquired after 1 h of Tc-99m-HMPAO injection, whereas PET was acquired after 1-2 h of F-18-FGA injection. PET was also acquired ex vivo after separating skull from whole body. In addition, radioactivity associated with left (ipsilateral) and right (contralateral) cerebral hemispheres was determined in a well counter. The brains were sectioned for TTC staining. Results: Gamma counting of the brain hemispheres showed an almost three-fold increase in FGA accumulation in the ipsilateral hemisphere as compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Ex vivo PET of intact skull clearly demonstrated differential FGA accumulation in the stroke area. However, in vivo resolution of stroke was noticeably affected by normal nasal accumulation of FGA. Corresponding HMPAO/SPECT also showed a perfusion defect in the ipsilateral hemisphere, which was corroborated with TTC staining. Conclusions: Results show that FGA has a potential to enable extremely sensitive and high resolution neuroimaging of brain infarcts. F-18-labeled FGA can be rapidly synthesized from ubiquitously available F-18-FDG in a simple reaction.
Metamaterial-based amplification of multi-mode ultrasonic guided waves toward improved damage detection in pipelines (SPIE Best Student Paper Finalist)

In this paper, we present a gradient-index (GRIN) metamaterial lens design toward enhanced sensing by amplifying ultrasonic guided wave signal carrying defect information in pipelines. The curved GRIN lens conforms over the steel pipe and consists of cylindrical steel stubs with varying height according to the hyperbolic secant profile of the refractive index around the circumference of the pipe. We design the lens to perform above the audible frequency range as utilized in ultrasonic inspection of pipelines. By tailoring the dispersion curves of the longitudinal and torsional pipe modes that are commonly used in guided wave testing elastic wave focusing is successfully achieved at focal spots of the lens. Amplification of the multi-mode guided wave signals is validated through experiments performed on a lab scale steel pipe.
Strategi Mengatasi Kemarahan Melalui Perumpamaan Berdasarkan Yunus 4

This study aims to formulate a strategy to overcome anger through parables based on the book of Jonah 4. This research is a research and development model that adopts the 10 steps of development from Borg and Gall. Of the 10 steps, this study focuses on two main stages, namely the model development stage and the model validation stage. This study only limits it to expert testing and does not continue to test respondents. The model developed is a procedural model in the form of a strategy. Model development was carried out through hermeneutic and exegetical studies of Yunus 4. The developed model was then validated by 33 experts and practitioners by using a questionnaire technique that had its validity and reliability testing. The model is declared valid if the validation results are above the success criteria after going through the one-sample t-test assisted by SPSS 25. The results of this study are in the form of syntax or algorithm to overcome anger which consists of the following steps: (1) There is a cause of anger; (2) The occurrence of stage 1 anger; (3) parable; (4) The occurrence of stage 2 anger; (5) Presenting an explanation of the cause of the anger compared to the parable given; (6) Impact of explanation. This model has been validated by the validator with a t value of 2.09 which is significant at an error rate of 0.044 (less than 0.05). Thus, the model developed is well-validated, and feasible to use. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi mengatasi kemarahan melalui perumpamaan yang didasarkan pada kitab Yunus 4. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan model (Research and Development) yang mengadopsi 10 langkah pengembangan dari Borg and Gall. Dari 10 langkah yang ada, penelitian ini berfokus pada dua tahap utama, yaitu tahap pengembangan model dan tahap validasi model. Model yang dikembangkan adalah model prosedural berupa strategi. Pengembangan model dilakukan melalui kajian hermeneutik dan eksegesi terhadap Yunus 4. Model yang telah dikembangkan kemudian divalidasi oleh 33 pakar dan praktisi yang dilakukan dengan teknik angket yang telah teruji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Model dinyatakan valid apabila hasil validasi bernilai di atas kriteria keberhasilan setelah melalui pengujian one sample t-test berbantuan SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian ini adalah strategi yang berbentuk prosedur untuk mengatasi kemarahan yang terdiri dari langkah-langkah berikut: (1) Adanya penyebab kemarahan; (2) Terjadinya kemarahan tahap 1; (3) Pemberian perumpamaan; (4) Terjadinya kemarahan tahap 2; (5) Penyampaian penjelasan mengenai penyebab kemarahan yang dibandingkan dengan perumpamaan yang diberikan; (6) Dampak dari penjelasan. Model ini telah tervalidasi oleh validator dengan nilai t sebesar 2,09 yang signifikan pada tingkat kesalahan 0,044 (lebih kecil dari 0,05). Dengan demikian, model yang dikembangan tervalidasi dengan baik, dan layak untuk digunakan.
STICK INDEX OF KNOTS AND LINKS IN THE CUBIC LATTICE

The cubic lattice stick index of a knot type is the least number of sticks glued end-to-end that are necessary to construct the knot type in the 3-dimensional cubic lattice. We present the cubic lattice stick index of various knots and links, including all (p, p + 1)-torus knots, and show how composing and taking satellites can be used to obtain the cubic lattice stick index for a relatively large infinite class of knots. Additionally, we present several bounds relating cubic lattice stick index to other known invariants.
A national survey of caregiver’s own experiences and perceptions of U.S. health care system when addressing their health and caring for an older adult

Caregiving is a demanding role that can negatively impact a person’s health and well-being. As such, adequate access to health care is important for maintaining the family caregiver’s own personal health. The aims of this study were to identify if family caregivers of older adults had more difficulty accessing health care services than non-caregivers and to identify if family caregivers felt access to additional services would be beneficial for maintaining their own personal health care. National survey of 3026 US adults aged 30 to 89 years old. Participants were grouped based on self-reported caregiving experience. Survey asked about access to care, importance of health care services and whether caregivers had support needed. Descriptive statistics were used to compare caregiver and non-caregiver’s responses. Multivariate logistic regression model assessed correlates of caregivers not having the support they needed. Caregivers were older, female, lower educational attainment, lower income, had more multiple chronic health conditions and health condition or disability that impacts their daily life. Caregivers reported difficulty accessing mental health services, dental services, medications, and supportive services at home. Caregivers felt it was important to have care coordinator, long-term relationship with primary care provider and access to house calls, telemedicine, and medications delivered to the home. Age, ethnicity, chronic conditions and confidence in finances were factors influencing whether caregiver had support needed to provide assistance to older care recipient. Caregivers provide needed support and care to older adults while also needing support for themselves. Health care services delivered in the home were highly desirable to caregivers and could help them maintain their health and well-being.
What Gaze Data Reveal About Material Agency: Resilient makers, materials and ideas

As designers and makers work with materials, the materials may "talk back." Some have characterized this as a conversation with materials, and others as material agency. Using interaction analysis of gaze data collected in a university creativity and maker course, we characterize forms of agency displayed by maker and materials to understand resilient work. Two students---one with extensive experience with some of the materials, and the other with no prior experience---wore eye tracking sets during an in class activity to create a light with a switch using LEGO pieces, copper tape, a coil cell battery, and LEDs. We identified material interviews and trust building as common interactions. When makers pursued ideas that misfit with their materials, we gained insight into their own forms of resilience.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Use of Telemedicine Services in an Academic Medical Center

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the landscape of telehealth services. The goal of this paper was to identify demographic groups of patients who have used telemedicine services before and after the start of the pandemic, and to analyze how different demographic groups' telehealth usage patterns change throughout the course of the pandemic. A de-identified study dataset was generated by querying electronic health records at the Mount Sinai Health System to identify all patients. 129,625 patients were analyzed. Demographic shifts in patients seeking telemedicine service were identified. There was significant increase in the middle age and older population using telehealth services. During the pandemic use of telemedicine services was increased among male patients and racial minority patients. Furthermore, telehealth services had expanded to a broader spectrum of medical specialties.
Short-term Forecasting for Utilization Rates of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Accurate forecasts for the utilization rates of electric vehicle charging stations (CSs) are crucial to coordinating the operations of on-site distributed energy resources. In this paper, we propose to forecast the CS utilization rates by considering key explanatory variables such as historical utilization rates, traffic flows, demographic properties, the number of EV registrations, and points of interest. Three machine learning models, namely random forest, feed-forward neural network, and long short-term memory (LSTM) are adopted for the forecasting task. The proposed algorithms are validated using the real-world utilization data collected from around 130 CSs in Contra Costa County, California. The numerical study results show that the LSTM model achieves the best prediction performance. The lagged CS utilization rates and traffic flows are the two most influential features. More interestingly, the traffic flow plays a more important role in predicting the utilization rates of DC Fast CSs than that of the level 1 (L1) and level 2 (L2) CSs.
Impulse approximation in the np{yields}d{pi}{sup 0} reaction reexamined

The impulse approximation (one-body operator) in the $\mathit{np}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ reaction is reexamined with emphasis on the issues of reducibility and recoil corrections. An inconsistency when one-pion exchange is included in the production operator is demonstrated and then resolved via the introduction of ``wave function corrections'' which nearly vanish for static nucleon propagators. Inclusion of the recoil corrections to the nucleon propagators is found to change the magnitude and sign of the impulse production amplitude, worsening agreement with the experimental cross section by $~30%$. A cutoff is used to account for the phenomenological nature of the external wave functions and is found to have a significant impact for $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\lesssim}2.5$ GeV.
International Project Workshops: Merging Education with Enterprise:

The increasing volume of world trade and the nature of business being transacted on a global basis mandates the need for pedagogical approaches which adequately equip marketing students to cope effectively with an increasingly complex marketing environment. This study suggests that the International Marketing Projects Workshop overcomes some of the limitations associated with alternative pedagogical approaches and, in addition, provides a more effective learning experience.
Agricultural Biotechnology and Socioeconomic Effects

Transgenic crops, an early product of agricultural biotechnology, have experienced one of the fastest adoptions of crop technologies in history. Global acreage planted with transgenic crops increased 67-fold between 1996 and 2007 for a total of 284 million acres in 23 countries. Herbicide-tolerant (HT) soybeans and insect-resistant Bt maize constitute over 80% of this acreage. Proponents of transgenic crops see a very positive future with the number of farmers adopting transgenic crops increasing 10-fold up to 100 million or more between 2006 and 2015. However, numerous scholars and policy makers have raised questions about these optimistic outlooks. Much of the debate is focused on health and environmental safety issues. Increasingly, a fourth criterion that addresses the social and economic effects of a product or technology has been proposed for product approval and regulation. These concerns have become part of policy and regulatory processes, even though the significance of the fourth criterion may vary according to the ideological and organizational factors in different countries. This article discusses a number of both positive and negative social and economic impacts agricultural biotechnology may have on (i) farmers, rural communities, and the food system; (ii) the structure and organization of agribusiness and industry; (iii) consumers; (iv) science and technology transfer; and (v) developing countries and the global economy. The article concludes with a review of a number of alternatives that have emerged for incorporating socioeconomic issues into broader public discussion and eventually into informed decision making. Keywords: the fourth criterion; bovine somatotropin; herbicide tolerance; fourth hurdle; intellectual property rights
Pro/Con debate: is occupational asthma induced by isocyanates an immunoglobulin E-mediated disease?

Isocyanates, low-molecular weight chemicals essential to polyurethane production, are one of the most common causes of occupational asthma, yet the mechanisms by which exposure leads to disease remain unclear. While isocyanate asthma closely mirrors other Type I Immune Hypersensitivity (Allergic) disorders, one important characteristic of hypersensitivity ('allergen'-specific IgE) is reportedly absent in a large portion of affected individuals. This variation from common environmental asthma (which typically is induced by high-molecular weight allergens) is important for two reasons. (1) Allergen-specific IgE is an important mediator of many of the symptoms of bronchial hyper-reactivity in 'allergic asthma'. Lack of allergen-specific IgE in isocyanate hypersensitive individuals suggests differences in pathogenic mechanisms, with potentially unique targets for prevention and therapy. (2) Allergen-specific IgE forms the basis of the most commonly used diagnostic tests for hypersensitivity (skin prick and RAST). Without allergen-specific IgE, isocyanates may go unrecognized as the cause of asthma. In hypersensitive individuals, chronic exposure can lead to bronchial hyperreactivity that persists years after exposure ceases. Thus, the question of whether or not isocyanate asthma is an IgE-mediated disease, has important implications for disease screening/surveillance, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The present Pro/Con Debate, addresses contemporary, controversial issues regarding IgE in isocyanate asthma.
Preparing PhD-Level Clinical Social Work Practitioners for the 21st Century

Social work doctoral programs are not adequately preparing students to educate future clinical practitioners. Social work is predominantly a practice profession. Social work’s PhD programs must continue the education of excellent researchers while also educating for excellence in practice, teaching, field liaison, and the supervision of practice. Nevertheless, The Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education in Social Work (GADE) and the social work profession have heavily emphasized the education of researchers over the past 20 years but have neglected the practice needs of the profession at a time when client diversity has increased and available social supports have decreased. This article examines shifts in academic priorities, in funding, in hiring practices, and in accreditation standards that have reduced the quality and support for clinical practice education in social work. We also explore the much-reduced research expectations of social work’s emerging DSW programs. We recommend continued rec...
Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase Activity Associated with Avian Myeloblastosis Virus

Avian myeloblastosis virions purified by conventional techniques were shown to be associated with or to contain transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase activity. Arginine, tryptophan, cystine, and lysine synthetase activities were observed.
Iris Morphologic Changes Related to α1-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists:Implications for Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome

Purpose To identify iris structural alterations associated with intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) in patients using systemic α 1 -adrenergic receptor antagonists (α-1ARA). Design Cross-sectional study. Participants and Controls Twenty-nine patients with current or past treatment with any systemic α-1ARA and 22 untreated controls. Methods Consecutive eligible patients underwent slit-lamp–adapted optical coherence tomography in a masked fashion under standardized lighting conditions. Main Outcome Measures Iris thickness at the dilator muscle region (DMR; measured at half of the distance between the scleral spur and the pupillary margin) and at the sphincter muscle region (SMR; 0.75 mm from the pupillary margin), the ratio between the DMR/SMR (to compensate for possible intersubject variability), and pupillary diameter. Results Most treated patients were on tamsulosin (27/29). Mean age was similar in study and control groups (70.6±7.6 vs 67.1±9.1 years; P = 0.061). Photopic pupil diameter was reduced in the study group (2.06±0.5 vs 2.5±0.6 mm; P = 0.001). The SMR was similar between groups ( P = 0.53). Significantly lower values were found in treated subjects for the DMR and the DMR/SMR ratio ( P P P = 0.001; r = 0.47). Age and eye color were not significant in this model. Conclusions Patients using systemic α-1ARA have significantly lower values of DMR thickness and DMR/SMR ratio and smaller pupil diameter when compared with age-matched controls. These differences seem to be related to the duration of drug exposure and provide evidence of structural alterations to the iris dilator muscle from this class of agents in IFIS. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Optimization of a CNG series hybrid concept vehicle

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has favorable characteristics as a vehicular fuel, in terms of fuel economy as well as emissions. Using CNG as a fuel in a series hybrid vehicle has the potential of resulting in very high fuel economy (between 26 and 30 km/liter, 60 to 70 mpg) and very low emissions (substantially lower than Federal Tier II or CARB ULEV). This paper uses a vehicle evaluation code and an optimizer to find a set of vehicle parameters that result in optimum vehicle fuel economy. The vehicle evaluation code used in this analysis estimates vehicle power performance, including engine efficiency and power, generator efficiency, energy storage device efficiency and state-of-charge, and motor and transmission efficiencies. Eight vehicle parameters are selected as free variables for the optimization. The optimum vehicle must also meet two perfect requirements: accelerate to 97 km/h in less than 10 s, and climb an infinitely long hill with a 6% slope at 97 km/h with a 272 kg (600 lb.) payload. The optimizer used in this work was originally developed in the magnetic fusion energy program, and has been used to optimize complex systems, such as magnetic and inertial fusion devices, neutron sources, and mil guns. The optimizer consists of two parts: an optimization package for minimizing non-linear functions of many variables subject to several non-linear equality and/or inequality constraints and a programmable shell that allows interactive configuration and execution of the optimizer. The results of the analysis indicate that the CNG series hybrid vehicle has a high efficiency and low emissions. These results emphasize the advantages of CNG as a near-term alternative fuel for vehicles.
Nonlinear Interaction between a Pair of Oblique Modes in a Supersonic Mixing Layer: Long‐Wave Limit

The nonlinear interaction between a pair of symmetric, oblique, and spatial instability modes is studied in the long-wave limit using asymptotic methods. The base flow is taken to be a supersonic mixing layer whose Mach number is such that the corresponding vortex sheet is marginally stable according to Miles' criterion. It is shown that the amplitude of the mode obeys a nonlinear integro-differential equation. Numerical solutions of this equation show that, when the obliqueness angle is less than pi/4, the effect of the nonlinearity is to enhance the growth rate of the instability. The solution terminates in a singularity at a finite streamwise location. This result is reminiscent of that obtained in the vicinity of the neutral point by other authors in several different types of flows. On the other hand, when the obliqueness angle is more than pi/4, the streamwise development of the amplitude is characterized by a series of modulations. This arises from the fact that the nonlinear term in the amplitude equation may be either stabilizing or destabilizing, depending on the value of the streamwise coordinate. However, even in this case the amplitude of the disturbance increases, though not as rapidly as in the case for which the angle is less than pi/4. Quite generally then, the nonlinear interaction between two oblique modes in a supersonic mixing layer enhances the growth of the disturbance.
Gene Feature Identification

The identification of all genes is one of the goals of any genome-sequencing project. Apart from laboratory techniques, genes can also be identified by using computational, homology-based or ab initio (model-based) methods, which differ in their performance according to the sequence being analysed. With the growing number of sequenced genomes, comparative genomics is becoming the most powerful method for deciphering genomes. Keywords: gene prediction; comparative genomics; gene structure; sequence similarity
Ego-Strength, Hardiness, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Maladjustment: Health-Related Personality Constructs and the "Big Five" Model of Personality.

Six personality measures used in health psychology; the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) criterion measures of stress, self-reported health status, and coping; and a measure of social desirability were administered to samples of college students and adult community volunteers (N = 589) in a series of four confirmatory and exploratory factor analytic studies. The hypothesis that the six independently developed personality measures of ego-strength, hardiness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism, and maladjustment would share common variance and that a hierarchical factor model with a single, higher-order Health Proneness factor loading two lower-order factors—Self-Confidence and Adjustment—would account for the covariance in these measures was tested against single and three-factor models and confirmed. The factor model was examined with respect to general personality as represented in the “Big Five” Model. Adjustment was related negatively to NEO-FFI Neuroticism and positively to NEO-FFI Conscientiousn...
Is nanomedicine still promising

A recent study by Mann et al. [1] published in Oncotarget exploits the use of aptamers as a targeting ligand to develop site-specific delivery of liposomal nanocarriers. It has already been 17 years, since an article titled ‘Liposomes revisited’ was published co-authored by Lasic and Papahadjopoulos [2]. In essence, this publication marked the launch of the first success story of nanomedicine into the clinic and the beginning of an entire field. However, this was not an accident. The successful development of sterically stabilized liposomes was the product of 30 years of intensive research, since Bangham first discovered in the early 1960s that phospholipids in water form a vesicle enclosed in a bilayered lipid membrane [3, 4]. Not surprisingly, a pubmed search of the word ‘liposome’ resulted in 14,858 articles published between 1965 and 1995. The focus of these studies ranged from the in vitro particle stability to the effect of size, lipid composition and polymer coating of liposomes on their blood circulation, intratumoral accumulation and anticancer activity [5-7]. Furthermore, stable encapsulation of doxorubicin into the liposome with negligible leakage of the drug in blood circulation was achieved with the remote loading method against an ammonium sulfate gradient [8]. And finally voila: a PEGylated unilamellar liposome composed of rigid phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol with a diameter of about 100 nm displayed prolonged circulation time and as a result an increased intratumoral accumulation and antitumor activity [6, 7].
Are burial or disposal with garbage safe forms of child faeces disposal? An expert consultation

The importance of safe handling and disposal of child faeces given its potential role in disease transmission are increasingly recognized. Household surveys demonstrate that the burying of child faeces (‘dig-and-bury’) is common in several countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia. Disposal with garbage is widely practised in middle- and high-income countries and is becoming increasingly common in urban areas of low-income countries. The safety of these two approaches is difficult to assess given the limited evidence available and we therefore sought the opinion of experts in the field of sanitation to support advocacy around the topic. We report the findings of an anonymous expert (Delphi) consultation on the safety of these two child faeces disposal methods. There was almost unanimous agreement these should be considered neither safe nor improved. A range of arguments was provided to support this position, including proximity of solid waste and burial sites to the home and children...
High-temperature steam-treatment of PBI, PEEK, and PEKK polymers with H2O and D2O: A solid-state NMR study

Abstract Polyaryletherketones (PAEK) in blend systems with polybenzimidazoles (PBI) are of commercial interest due to their increased service temperature and reduction in abrasive wear against soft counterfaces when compared to PAEK alone. ASTM standard tensile specimens of PBI, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) are immersed in stirred D2O at room temperature, and additional samples are contacted with D2O steam at temperatures of 150 and 315 °C. All samples are studied by TGA, IR, 13C CP/MAS, 1H wideline, and 2H MAS NMR. Changes in the physical appearance of the samples and the extent of D2O uptake are described. Different locations, mobilities, and types of water and protons in the polymers are identified and studied and it is proven that PBI contains the largest amounts of D2O after exposure under all conditions. PEEK and PEKK only incorporate minimal amounts of D2O even when steam-treated at 315 °C.