cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emergency Medicine Settings

The aging of the population worldwide has been accompanied by increases in the survival of older persons with chronic diseases and the need for urgent evaluation and management when these conditions have exacerbations. The number of individuals with major neurocognitive disorders (NCDs, formerly termed dementia) has been rising exponentially, and patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are living longer with their chronic illnesses. The combination of complex chronic diseases, limited access to primary and psychiatric care, and challenges coordinating timely referrals in the outpatient arena has resulted in the emergency department becoming the de facto portal for psychiatric care for many geriatric patients.
Early identification of children with learning disabilities.

Forty-eight kindergarten classes including over 1,200 children were screened for potential learning disorders. Kindergarten teachers used objective observations of the children's performance on gro...
Abstract 2370: Therapeutic nano-DC vaccine For HER2 positive breast cancer

Harnessing a patient9s own immune capacity to eradicate malignant cells is a promising approach for cancer treatment, and therapeutic vaccine represents an important arm of cancer immunotherapy. Our research aims to develop a potent therapeutic cancer vaccine for breast cancer which is traditionally considered as poorly immunogenic. We have recently shown that porous silicon microparticles (PSMs) can stimulate type I interferon (IFN) expression in dendritic cells (DCs), and thus serve as a potent adjuvant for a therapeutic cancer vaccine (Xia et al: Cell Reports 2015, 11:957-966). This action is mediated by the TRIF/MAVS pathways, and is independent of the cell surface or endosomal Toll-like receptors. In addition, the nanometer-size pores in PSMs can serve as a reservoir for sustained antigen release. We have assembled a Nano-DC vaccine comprising of bone marrow-derived DCs internalized with HER2 antigen peptide-loaded PSMs. Treatment of murine models of HER2 positive breast cancer with this Nano-DC vaccine not only activates and expands antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, but also promotes a Th2-to-Th1 transition in the tumor microenvironment to favor anti-tumor activity. Thus, our result supports the development of a therapeutic Nano-DC vaccine for breast cancer. Citation Format: Haifa Shen, Xiaojun Xia. Therapeutic nano-DC vaccine For HER2 positive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2370.
The Primal Scene in and about Psychoanalytic Institutions

ABSTRACTDrawing on notions of primal scene and Bion’s theorizing of groups, this essay looks at the elements in institutional groups where transgressions and corruption may appear and develop and examines the difficulties group members have in working through the violations and potential disruptions to the institution’s functioning.
Expressing What? Evaluating the Expressive Value of Punishment

We pose a simple research question: what do people infer about an action based on the fact that it is punished? Amid all the discussion of what punishment should and can accomplish or communicate, relatively little thought has been given to what punishment actually does signal (but c.f. Bilz, 2016; Murphy & Hampton, 1990). We present empirical evidence that speaks to the most basic way punishment may be understood by the lay public. In Part I, we briefly discuss some possible answers. In Part II, we present four studies. The first set demonstrates that information about punishment can lead to inferences about an action’s morality and harmfulness. We then show that punishment seems to signal harm — but not moral wrongness — uniquely, compared to other messages of social disapproval. Finally, our data show that, at least for some acts, even minimal messages of punishment can significantly change inferences of harm.
Ecology of Atlantic White Cedar Swamps in the New Jersey Pinelands

The areal extent of Atlantic White Cedar (Chamaecvparis thyoides) swamps in the 445,000 ha New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve has declined from over 20,000 ha in the late 19th century to less than 9,000 ha now occupying this coastal plain ecosystem. Much ecological research has been conducted on Pinelands cedar swamps with an ultimate objective of developing effective management programs aimed at maintaining and increasing the area of cedar. This paper reviews the literature that evaluates the vegetation response of Pinelands cedar swamps to disturbance factors, such as fire and cutting. A conceptual fire disturbance model is presented whereby several key variables interact to predict the potential for a burned stand to reestablish as cedar or convert to hardwoods (e.g. Acer rubrum).
Imaging and Characterization of Crystal Defects

This chapter describes the theory of imaging and characterization of defects in crystals by electron microscopy. We start with an overview. This is followed by an introduction to atomic displacements and strain in crystals. The following sections then discuss the kinematic theory of diffraction contrast imaging, the weak-beam imaging technique, and the dynamical theory of electron diffraction from crystal defects. This is followed by a review of diffraction-based defect characterization methods, using CBIM or LACBED. The last section describes the determination of atomic structure of defects using HREM and STEM.
Vaporization behavior of tetraoctylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate ionic liquid

Abstract The equilibrium vapor pressures, p e , of the ionic liquid tetraoctylphosphonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate ([P 8888 ][DEHP]) over the temperature range 409–495 K were determined for the first time using mass loss Knudsen effusion. The p e versus temperature relationship compares well to 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C 8 mim][NTf 2 ]) but is lower than that of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C 2 mim][NTf 2 ]) when measured using the same technique. The discrepancies between the p e determined in this work for [C 8 mim][NTf 2 ] and [C 2 mim][NTf 2 ] with previous studies is discussed. The enthalpy and entropy of vaporization for all three fluids are estimated from the Clasius-Clapeyron relation.
Altered time course of amygdala activation during speech anticipation in social anxiety disorder

Abstract Background Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n=58; HC n=16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90 s control anticipation task and 90 s speech anticipation task. Repeated measures multi-level modeling analyses were used to examine group differences in time course activity during speech vs. control anticipation for regions of interest, including bilateral amygdala, insula, ventral striatum, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Results The time course of amygdala activity was more prolonged and less variable throughout speech anticipation in SAD participants compared to HCs, whereas the overall magnitude of amygdala response did not differ between groups. Magnitude and time course of activity was largely similar between groups across other regions of interest. Limitations Analyses were restricted to regions of interest and task order was the same across participants due to the nature of deception instructions. Conclusions Sustained amygdala time course during anticipation may uniquely reflect heightened detection of threat or deficits in emotion regulation in socially anxious individuals. Findings highlight the importance of examining temporal dynamics of amygdala responding.
Use of Fasciotomies of the Lower Extremities

Compartment syndrome simply explained occurs when the pressure within a muscular compartment overcomes the pressure head of the arterial system supplying the vital structures of the compartment. This becomes important as the structures within the compartment begin to decompensate as they are starved of oxygenated blood. This process can occur in any muscular compartment bound by fascia and has been described in virtually every part of the body but is most often an issue of the lower extremity. Due to thoracic body armor and improvised explosive devices, the lower extremities are the most common sites of combat injuries. From role 2 to the return to the continental USA, the question of appropriate timing and technique of fasciotomy is a pertinent topic.
DUST CAVE REVISITED: A BAYESIAN REANALYSIS OF THE RADIOCARBON RECORD

The Dust Cave cultural chronology and radiocarbon sequence is one of the most important in southeastern North America. In their initial interpretation, the excavators were unable to separate the dates of the early and later strata in ways that facilitate their use for defining the associated cultural components. Here the sequence is reevaluated using Bayesian statistics, one additional date, and assessment of potential outliers. The results produce a useable sequence of non-overlapping cultural components (within the uncertainties of radiocarbon dating) that will improve our understanding the Paleoindian and Early and Middle Archaic cultural chronology in the Southeast.
American economic history: A dictionary and chronology

American Economic History is a basic introductory reference work coauthored by James S. Olson and Abraham O. Mendoza. Olson is the Distinguished Professor of History at Sam Houston State University...
JPH2 Mutant Gene Causes Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy : A Possible Model to Unravel the Subtlety of Calcium-Regulated Contractility

BEIJING-- Last week, anonymous individuals in Internet forums attacked the authenticity of the first mosaic view of the lunar surface from China9s Chang9e-1 spacecraft.
Idiopathic Genu Valgum and Its Association With Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Background Obesity as a cause of lower extremity deformity in children has been well established. This deformity is most often seen as tibia vara, however, at our institution we have observed more obese children and adolescents over age 7 years with excessive or progressive idiopathic genu valgum. Our hypothesis is that children with idiopathic genu valgum have high rates of obesity which impact the severity of their disease. Methods Retrospective review of existing data was performed on 66 consecutive children/112 limbs over age 7 years with idiopathic genu valgum, seen from 2010 to 2013. Children with known metabolic or skeletal disease were excluded. Genu valgum was defined as mechanical axis in zone II or III and mechanical tibiofemoral angle ≥4 degrees on standing anteroposterior radiograph of the lower extremities. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified by Center for Disease Control percentiles. Skeletal maturation was rated by closure of pelvic and peri-genu physes. Severity of genu valgum was also assessed by femoral and tibial mechanical axes and the mechanical axis deviation. Results Mean patient age was 12.2±2.2 years. 47% of patients had BMI≥30 and 71% were categorized as obese (>95th percentile). No sex differences were identified. Skeletal maturation explained 25% of the variance in the mechanical axis deviation and 22% of the mechanical tibiofemoral angle. BMI predicted 9.8% of the tibial valgus. Because of its skewed distribution, BMI percentile was a less useful parameter for assessment. Conclusions The 71% obesity rate found in our children with idiopathic genu valgum is significantly higher than the normal population. Higher BMI is associated with more tibial valgum but skeletal maturation was the main predictor of overall valgus severity. This suggests that obesity may play a role in the etiology of idiopathic genu valgum which progresses with skeletal maturation, thereby increasing the risk of osteoarthritis in adulthood. Level of evidence Level III.
Aggregating States of Mind: A Response to Fallon

With his characteristic care and sophistication, Richard Fallon has turned his attention to, as he puts it, “the sometimes peculiar problems posed by judicial inquiries into the intentions of multimember legislative bodies....” Those problems, of course, stem from the fact that although individual legislators have mental states and motivations, it is unclear to what, if anything, the intention of a legislature refers. We can ask whether some legislators had the same intentions and motivations, and if so, whether the number of such legislators is sufficient for us to say that their intentions and motivations constitute the intentions and motivations of the legislature itself. But is that number, even if empirically ascertainable by courts, the correct number, and if so, why? And what if the number of shared intentions and motivations fall short of that number? Is the resulting absence of the intention and motivation of the legislature a problem, and why? Fallon’s discussion of legislative intention is complex and nuanced. His bottom line, however, can be simply put: “[u]ltimate determinations of constitutional validity should always depend on the content and effects of challenged legislation, not the subjective intentions of the enacting legislature....” Fallon would, however, permit a role for legislators’ intentions in raising the level of judicial scrutiny and also in assessing the stigmatic effects of legislation. I am not going to rehash Fallon’s rather intricate arguments here. Instead, I am going to attempt to show why his bottom line cannot be correct. Inquiry into the mental states of legislators is unavoidable in a constitutional system such as ours that (1) grants legislatures the authority to create the legal norms to which we are subject, and (2) contains constitutional provisions that forbid unequal treatment but do not require any specific treatment beyond that prohibition. I shall take these two points up in the order I presented them.
Phase I trials of PS-341 (bortezomib, B) in combination with topotecan (T) in advanced solid tumors: A potential pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction.

3108 Background: Preclinical data has demonstrated that B when combined with camptothecins enhances apoptotic effects which may be independent of NF-κB status and dependent on the sequence of exposure to the proteasome inhibitor. Other data suggests PK interactions of B with some chemotherapeutic agents. It is hypothesized that B will act synergistically with T and enhance the apoptotic effects of T. Conflicting data exists regarding schedule dependent synergistic cytotoxicity of the combination. This study examined both sequences of administration and determined the PK of each sequence. Methods: A standard 3 + 3 schedule was used in both sequences (S). The dose of B was fixed with escalating doses of T. S1: B 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11. T 2 to 3.5 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 was given 6 h before B. S2: B 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, 11 followed by T 2 to 3 mg/m2 given 6 h after B. Cycle length was q28 days. PK sampling for both sequences was performed. Results: 54 pts (S1: 27, S2: 27) received a median of...
Genome-wide Methyl-Seq analysis of blood-brain targets of glucocorticoid exposure

Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to psychiatric complications through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm). We sought to determine whether epigenetic changes in a peripheral tissue can serve as a surrogate for those in a relatively inaccessible tissue such as the brain. DNA extracted from the hippocampus and blood of mice treated with GCs or vehicle solution was assayed using a genome-wide DNAm platform (Methyl-Seq) to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) induced by GC treatment. We observed that ∼70% of the DMRs in both tissues lost methylation following GC treatment. Of the 3,095 DMRs that mapped to the same genes in both tissues, 1,853 DMRs underwent DNAm changes in the same direction. Interestingly, only 209 DMRs (<7%) overlapped in genomic coordinates between the 2 tissues, suggesting tissue-specific differences in GC-targeted loci. Pathway analysis showed that the DMR-associated genes were members of pathways involved in metabolism, immune function, and neurodevelopment. Also, changes in cell type composition of blood and brain were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Separation of the cortex into neuronal and non-neuronal fractions and the leukocytes into T-cells, B-cells, and neutrophils showed that GC-induced methylation changes primarily occurred in neurons and T-cells, with the blood tissue also undergoing a shift in the proportion of constituent cell types while the proportion of neurons and glia in the brain remained stable. From the current pilot study, we found that despite tissue-specific epigenetic changes and cellular heterogeneity, blood can serve as a surrogate for GC-induced changes in the brain.
An Object Shape Dependent Kinematic Manipulability Measure for Path Planning and Shape Optimization

The manipulability of robot manipulators has been studied with respect to the ability to position the end-effector in its workspace. However, since manipulators have to manipulate objects with finite dimensions, the ability of a manipulator to position and orient an object is quite different from its end-effector manipulability. Object shape dependent kinematic manipulability measures are essential for the formulation of optimal path planning and shape optimization problems. In the present study, kinematic measures are developed for object manipulability, that can be used to evaluate manipulability of objects with various shapes and to synthesize paths of motion that are optimal according to some appropriate criterion. The kinematic measures are developed based on a new class of norms proposed by the authors for quantifying measures of “distance” for rigid body displacement in plane or space [1]. The proposed norms are independent of the coordinate systems or metrics used.
Mediation of the bidirectional relations between obesity and depression among women

Abstract Past research established that obesity increases risk for development of depression, and depression increases risk for development of obesity. The current study tested physical impairment (difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living), social dysfunction (low social support and high social strain), and emotional eating (using food to cope with stress) as mediators of the bidirectional, longitudinal relations between depression and obesity. A national sample of mid-life adults in the United States ( N = 7108) was assessed at three time points over 18 years. Depression predicted increases in obesity, and obesity predicted increases in depression, for women but not for men. Among women, path analyses revealed that physical impairment, social dysfunction, and emotional eating mediated development of obesity from depression, and that physical impairment and emotional eating mediated development of depression from obesity. These results suggest that prevention or treatment of obesity-linked depression and depression-linked obesity in women may need to address multiple connections between these disorders.
Perfluorocarbon-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles as ultrasound contrast agents

A versatile platform for the development of new ultrasound contrast agents is demonstrated through a one-pot synthesis and fluorination of submicron polydopamine (PDA-F) nanoparticles. The fluorophilicity of these particles allows loading with perfluoropentane (PFP) droplets that display strong and persistent ultrasound contrast in aqueous suspension and ex vivo tissue samples. Contrast under continuous imaging by color Doppler persists for 1 h in 135 nm PDA-F samples, even at maximum clinical imaging power (MI = 1.9). Additionally, use of a Cadence Contrast Pulse Sequence (CPS) results in a non-linear response suitable for imaging at 0.5 mg mL-1. Despite the PFP volatility and the lack of a hollow core, PDA-F particles display minimal signal loss after storage for over a week. The ability to tune size, metal-chelation, and add covalently-bound organic functionality offers myriad possibilities for extending this work to multimodal imaging, targeted delivery, and therapeutic functionality.
Engineering of tissues and organs

Abstract: Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies may offer new hope for patients with serious tissue injuries or end-stage organ failure. Scientists are now applying the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and bioengineering to construct biological substitutes that can restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. Moreover, the stem cell field is advancing, and new discoveries will lead to new therapeutic strategies. Although stem cells are still in the research phase, some therapies that make use of autologous adult cells have already entered the clinic. This chapter highlights these new strategies for various soft tissues and organs.
Risikobereinigte Rentabilitätskennzahlen im Controlling von Kreditinstituten und ihr Zusammenhang mit der Portfoliotheorie

Obgleich zur Identifikation und Quantifizierung der Marktrisiken in Banken das Instrumentarium der klassischen Portfoliotheorie mit dem (µ,σ)-Prinzip zur Verfugung steht, hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren das Value-at-Risk Konzept im Risikomanagement von Banken ausgehend von den Handelsbereichen zu einem Standard entwickelt. Wurde es anfangs nur im internen Controlling verwendet, so verbreitete sich das Konzept, unterstutzt durch die Veroffentlichung von RiskMetrics ™ durch JP Morgan, rasch und fand schlieslich auch explizite Erwahnung in den Vorschlagen des Basler Ausschusses fur Bankenaufsicht als Bemessungsgrundlage fur die Eigenkapitalunterlegung [BafB96, 45]. Aufbauend auf dies em Risikomas wurden risikoadjustierte Rentabilitatskennzahlen entwickelt, mit dem Ziel einer Steuerung der Bankgeschafte unter Ertrags/RisikoGesichtspunkten im Rahmen der Shareholder-Value Orientierung.
Blastic Transformation of BCR-ABL-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

The BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) of essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis have an increasing predisposition over the course of a patient’s illness to transform to overt acute leukemia what is referred to as MPN-Blast Phase (MPN-BP). Although the transformation of MPNs into acute leukemia is by itself a very rare phenomenon, once this has occurred, it is associated with poor response to chemotherapy and a high risk of relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) and hence resulting in very poor survival in most cases. Pathogenetic mechanisms which lead to an MPN progressing to MPN-BP are incompletely understood but seem to correlate with accumulation of additional karyotypic abnormalities as opposed to increases in MPN-associated molecular lesion burden (such as JAK2 V617F). The development of MPN-BP is heralded by worsening cytopenias, constitutional symptoms, and a very poor survival despite therapeutic intervention. Risk factors for developing MPN-BP include both features at diagnosis (such as increased peripheral blood blasts, karyotypic abnormalities, and thrombocytopenia), as well as exposure to established agents which enhance leukemogenesis (i.e., P-32 and alkylators). Current therapies for the MPNs are limited, and no therapy other than an ASCT has clearly altered the natural history of these neoplasms. Therefore, an overall management plan that incorporates the possibility of ASCT should be developed for patients with MPN-BP at the time of diagnosis. However, it is not all dark and gray in the MPN-BP world; in last 6 years, we have made more advances in the treatment of MPNs than in the last 60 years. Multiple avenues of therapeutic investigation are ongoing to treat, or prevent, MPN-BP including early allogeneic stem cell transplantation, hypomethylating agents, and JAK2 inhibition.
To Restrict or Not to Restrict Access: The PhD Candidate's Intellectual Property Dilemma

The NDLTD software allows submitting PhD candidates to restrict or withhold access to their thesis or portions of their theses. At the same time there is increasing agitation within the research and library communities that research results be made openly available. At Caltech in the U.S. a study was undertaken to examine the motivations and impact that the decision to restrict or withhold had for the first submitters, the group of PhD candidates who, in 2001/2002, voluntarily added their theses to the newly created Caltech ETD repository.
Intranasal oxytocin reduces weight gain in diet-induced obese prairie voles

Oxytocin (OT) elicits weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents, nonhuman primates and humans by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. In addition to being important in the regulation of energy balance, OT is involved in social behaviors including parent-infant bonds, friendships, and pair bonds. However, the impact of social context on susceptibility to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and feeding behavior (including food sharing) has not been investigated in a rodent model that forms strong social bonds (i.e. prairie vole). Our goals were to determine in Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) whether i) social context impacts susceptibility to DIO and ii) chronic intranasal OT reverses DIO. Voles were housed in divided cages with holes in the divider and paired with a same-sex animal with either the same food [high fat diet (HFD)/HFD, [low fat diet (LFD; chow)/chow], or the opposite food (HFD/chow or chow/HFD) for 19 weeks. HFD-fed voles pair-housed with voles maintained on the HFD demonstrated increased weight relative to pair-housed voles that were both maintained on chow. The study was repeated to determine the impact of social context on DIO susceptibility and body composition when animals are maintained on purified sugar-sweetened HFD and LFD to enhance palatability. As before, we found that voles demonstrated higher weight gain on the HFD/HFD housing paradigm, in part, through increased energy intake and the weight gain was a consequence of an increase in fat mass. However, HFD-fed animals housed with LFD-fed animals (and vice versa) showed intermediate patterns of weight gain and evidence of food sharing. Of translational importance is the finding that chronic intranasal OT appeared to reduce weight gain in DIO voles through a decrease in fat mass with no reduction in lean body mass. These effects were associated with transient reductions in food intake and increased food sharing. These findings identify a role of social context in the pathogenesis of DIO and indicate that chronic intranasal OT treatment reduces weight gain and body fat mass in DIO prairie voles, in part, by reducing food intake.
Foreign Authors’ Enforcement of U.S. Reversion Rights

Thank you to all of the participants, and especially the first two panelists, for setting one part of the scene. I am going to talk about the United States’ termination right and some Berne and private international law consequences or implications of the termination right. First, however, I’d like to advert to the two goals Rebecca Giblin referenced in her talk. One is remuneration, the other is dissemination. Author-protective laws in other countries also address dissemination. As Severine Dusollier mentioned, a number of national laws include an obligation to exploit the work: if the publisher does not exploit the work, the rights revert to the author. In the United States, the contractual out-of-print clause serves that purpose, but the out-of-print clause is a matter of private ordering. It has to be activated by the author and publishers lately have contended that as a result of print-on-demand, the work never goes out of print. If the book is available in the catalog, and somebody at some point wants a copy, then the publisher can provide that copy. Out of print clauses in the digital environment therefore, some publishers would argue, make no sense. Mary Rasenberger accordingly mentioned some of the attempts of the Author’s Guild to push back against the disappearance of the out-of-print clause. The rest of my remarks will concern remuneration, rather than dissemination. As both Martin Senftleben and Severine Dusollier pointed out, there exists a disparity in bargaining power: authors generally are the weaker party. Two broad techniques seek to remedy this problem. Previous speakers have addressed one of them, intervention by national laws with respect to the amount that the author gets paid, and with respect to the scope of the grant. Thus, in some countries, as Severine Dusollier mentioned, the law prohibits the author’s grant of modes of exploitation unknown at the time of the contract. These laws effectively reserve new technology rights to the author. Other national laws require additional remuneration for new modes of exploitation, or for “bestsellers” whose authors’ remuneration becomes excessively disproportionate to the grantees’.
Estimation of body composition of neonatal pigs via deuterium oxide dilution: validation of technique.

Five studies were conducted to determine 1) the time period required for the equilibration of deuterium oxide (D2O) in body water in neonatal pigs following the intravenous (iv), intramuscular (im) or intraperitoneal (ip) injection of D2O and 2) the accuracy and precision of estimating body water, protein, fat and ash in neonatal pigs from the body D2O pool space. Deuterium oxide administered by iv and im injection equilibrated with body water by 40 and 20 min postinjection, respectively. Body D2O space determined from individual samples of blood fluids drawn at 40, 80 or 120 min postinjection accurately reflected body water determined by desiccation. The difference between D2O pool space determined at 120 min postinjection and body water in 4-kg pigs injected iv averaged - .050 kg, and the magnitude of the difference was relatively constant (standard deviation (SD) = .121 kg). The D2O pool space determined from im injection overestimated body water slightly (.163 kg), but the precision of the estimate was good (SD = .019 kg). Deuterium oxide injected ip did not consistently equilibrate by 200 min postinjection, and the estimated D2O pool space was not indicative of body water. The 90% confidence limits for estimating body water, protein,more » fat and ash in 4-kg pigs as determined by im and iv injection of D2O were .020 and .092 kg, .014 and .021 kg, .030 and .043 kg and .007 and .047 kg, respectively.« less
Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus Myoclonus in a Patient with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is an extremely rare neurological syndrome typically affecting as few as 1 in 10,000,000 people annually. OMS is characterized by the presence of involuntary, saccadic eye movements, as well as ataxia, including gait incoordination, rigidity, and tremor. The origin of OMS is unclear, but a significant percentage of OMS cases are indicative of an underlying malignancy, most commonly neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer. Here we describe an adult patient with OMS, who was ultimately diagnosed with a small ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. To our knowledge, this is the third published report of an association between OMS and pancreatic malignancy, and the only case where the pancreatic malignancy was detected prior to metastasis or autopsy at death. This case report highlights the importance of careful, aggressive malignancy screening with OMS, as the pancreatic duct cut-off sign may be overlooked if pancreatic malignancy is not suspected.
Digitization and intangible assets in manufacturing industries

Paper analyzes prospects for digitization in select manufacturing industries, those specifically studied in a recent consulting report. Beyond the conclusions of that report, this study looks more deeply into how digitization will be employed to enhance efficiency, the worker-data system interface and other expected outcomes. Through established metrics for assessing enterprise holdings of intangible assets such as data, knowledge, and intelligence, this paper more precisely identifies where and how digitization might be employed as well as the expected level of success. Overall, these industries are likely to see more incremental improvements in processes, mainly from successfully employing big data systems. Employee knowledge will likely be enhanced by digitization only slightly and mainly at the operational level. Major new insights from intelligence, especially at higher levels of these manufacturers, will likely be rare.
Live renal ultrasonography facilitates double-J ureteral stent insertion at the bedside: a pilot study for the COVID-19 era.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of live renal ultrasonography to guide Double-J ureteral stent placement at the bedside. Patients and Methods: Between April 12 and June 5, 2...
Greenland Ice Sheet Subsurface Temperature Estimation Using Ultrawideband Microwave Radiometry

Ice sheet subsurface temperature is important for understanding glacier dynamics, yet existing methods to obtain the temperature of the ice sheet column are limited to in situ sources at present. The ultrawideband software-defined microwave radiometer (UWBRAD) has been developed to investigate the remote sensing of ice sheet internal temperatures. UWBRAD measures brightness temperature spectra from 0.5 to 2 GHz using 12 subchannels and employs a sophisticated algorithm for detection and mitigation of radio frequency interference (RFI). The instrument was deployed during a flight over northwestern Greenland in September 2017 and acquired the first wideband low-frequency brightness temperature spectra over the ice sheet and coastal regions. The results reveal strong spatial and spectral variations that correlate well with internal ice sheet temperature information. In this article, the section of the flight path ranging from the Camp Century to NEEM to NGRIP boreholes is used for subsurface temperature estimation. A ``partially coherent'' forward model is applied along with a Robin model for the temperature profile and a two-scale model of ice sheet density variations to describe measured brightness temperatures. Using this model, vertical temperature profiles are retrieved along the flight path using a sequential Bayesian estimator; borehole measurements at the three campsites are used to obtain Bayesian priors. The retrieved temperature profiles show reasonable behaviors and demonstrate the potential of ultrawideband microwave radiometry for remotely sensing internal ice sheet temperatures.
Do Iowa’s public libraries provide reliable online health information?

Public libraries have an important role in their communities in providing access to reliable health information, acting as health information centers in local communities in the United States. As i...
Urologic Education in the Era of COVID-19: Results From a Webinar-Based Reconstructive Urology Lecture Series.

Objective To determine the response to a virtual educational curriculum in reconstructive urology presented during the COVID-19 pandemic. To assess learner satisfaction with the format and content of the curriculum, including relevance to learners’ education and practice. Materials and Methods A webinar curriculum of fundamental reconstructive urology topics was developed through the Society of Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgeons and partnering institutions. Expert-led sessions were broadcasted. Registered participants were asked to complete a survey regarding the curriculum. Responses were used to assess the quality of the curriculum format and content, as well as participants’ practice demographics. Results Our survey yielded a response rate of 34%. Survey responses showed >50% of practices offer reconstructive urologic services, with 37% offered by providers without formal fellowship training. A difference in self-reported baseline knowledge was seen amongst junior residents and attendings (P Conclusion We demonstrate success of an online curriculum in reconstructive urology. Given >50% of practices surveyed offer reconstruction, we believe the curriculum's educational benefits (increasing access and collaboration while minimizing the risk of in-person contact) will continue beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and that this will remain a relevant educational platform for urologists moving forward
Psychomythology of Psychopathology: Myths and Mythbusting in Teaching Abnormal Psychology:

Background:A great amount of information is presented to psychology students through various mediums, often leading to misinformation and believing inaccurate psychological myths.Objective:We condu...
The NEI Audacious Goals Initiative: Advancing the Frontier of Regenerative Medicine

Eight years since the launch of the National Eye Institute Audacious Goals Initiative for Regenerative Medicine, real progress has been made in the effort to restore vision by replacing retinal neurons. Although challenges remain, the infrastructure, tools, and preclinical models to support clinical studies in humans are being prepared. Building on the pioneering trials that are replacing the retinal pigment epithelium, it is expected that by the end of this decade first-in-human trials for the replacement of retinal neurons will be initiated.
EEBO and Us

This essay responds to criticisms leveled against “How to Think About EEBO” (Gavin [2017] 2019). While my history of Early English Books Online was faulted for paying insufficient attention to the experiences of scholars using the collection, I argue that using digital tools for literary and bibliographical research can create a false sense of mastery that leaves scholars blind to the features of digital textuality that are most important historically and theoretically.
‘I can do this by my own self’: how four preschool-aged children navigated mobile technologies at home

Technology use among preschool-aged children (3 to 5 years old) is increasing significantly. Most of this use occurs at home, however, there is little research that investigates how it is affecting...
Loneliness and its predictors among older adults prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional and longitudinal survey findings from participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort in the USA.

Objectives We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of perceived loneliness among older adults following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine factors contributing to the perception of loneliness. Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort. Setting The ARIC Study cohort, a prospective cohort that recruited (1987–1989) participants from four distinct communities in the USA. Participants 2984 ARIC cohort members. Primary and secondary outcomes Perceived loneliness assessed using the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) UCLA three-item Loneliness Scale telephone interviews conducted May–October 2020 and prior to March 2020. Results Of the total 5037 participants alive in 2020, 2984 (56.2%) responded to the UCLA three-item questionnaire (mean age 82.6 (SD 4.6) years, 586 (19.6%) black participants, 1081 (36.2%) men), of which 66 (2.2%) reported having had a COVID-19 infection during the observation period. The proportion of participants reporting feeling lonely was 56.3% (n=1680). Among participants with repeat measures of loneliness (n=516), 35.2% (n=182) reported feeling more lonely following pandemic onset. Self-rated health and emotional resilience were strongly associated with self-perceived loneliness. The burden of COVID-19 infections, concern about the pandemic and decreased self-reported physical activity were greater among black as compared with white participants and among those with an educational attainment of less than high school as compared with high school or more. Conclusion Findings from this study document the increase in perceived loneliness among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA.
Faith and Money: How Religion Contributes to Wealth and Poverty

For those who own it, wealth can have extraordinary advantages. High levels of wealth can enhance educational attainment, create occupational opportunities, generate social influence and provide a buffer against financial emergencies. Even a small amount of savings can improve security, mitigate the effects of job loss and other financial setbacks and improve well-being dramatically. Although the benefits of wealth are significant, they are not enjoyed uniformly throughout the United States. In the United States, because religion is an important part of cultural orientation, religious beliefs should affect material well-being. This book explores the way religious orientations and beliefs affect Americans' incomes, savings and net worth.
Immunotherapy with injectable hydrogels to treat obstructive nephropathy

Hydrogels are gaining attention as injectable vehicles for delivery of therapeutics for a range of applications. We describe self-assembling and injectable Dock-and-Lock hydrogels for local delivery of interleukin-10 (IL-10) to abate the progression of inflammation and fibrosis that leads to chronic kidney disease. As monitored with a fluorescent tag, hydrogels degraded within a few days in vitro and matched IL-10 release profiles; however, hydrogels remained in the kidney for up to 30 days in vivo. A unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model was used to investigate in vivo outcomes after hydrogel injection and IL-10 delivery. Eight groups were investigated (7, 21, 35 days, n = 4): healthy, sham, healthy injected with mouse serum albumin (MSA), healthy + hydrogel, UUO, UUO + IL-10, UUO + hydrogel, UUO + hydrogel/IL-10. 15 μL of IL-10, hydrogel, or hydrogel/IL-10 was injected under the renal capsule 3 days after the UUO. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on paraffin sections to identify macrophages and apoptotic cells and trichrome staining was used to evaluate fibrosis. There were no significant differences in inflammatory markers between all control groups. With hydrogel delivery, macrophage infiltration and apoptosis were significantly reduced at days 21 and 35 compared to untreated animals. By day 35, IL-10 delivery via hydrogel reduced macrophage infiltration and apoptosis more than IL-10 injection alone. Fibrosis was decreased by day 35 in all treatment groups. This work supports the use of hydrogel delivery of IL-10 to treat chronic kidney disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2173–2180, 2014.
The Viable but Nonculturable State in Bacteria

It had long been assumed that a bacterial cell was dead when it was no longer able to grow on routine culture media. We now know that this assumption is simplistic, and that there are many situations where a cell loses culturability but remains viable and potentially able to regrow. This mini-review defines what the "viable but nonculturable" (VBNC) state is, and illustrates the methods that can be used to show that a bacterial cell is in this physiological state. The diverse environmental factors which induce this state, and the variety of bacteria which have been shown to enter into the VBNC state, are listed. In recent years, a great amount of research has revealed what occurs in cells as they enter and exist in this state, and these studies are also detailed. The ability of cells to resuscitate from the VBNC state and return to an actively metabolizing and culturable form is described, as well as the ability of these cells to retain virulence. Finally, the question of why cells become nonculturable is addressed. It is hoped that this mini-review will encourage researchers to consider this survival state in their studies as an alternative to the conclusion that a lack of culturability indicates the cells they are examining are dead.
Mercury-coated carbon fiber microelectrodes

Abstract Carbon fibre microelectrodes were made by sealing the fibres into glass and by using heat-shrinkable tubing. The electrodes can be coated with mercury by deposition at −0.9 V vs. SCE from 0.1 M thiocyanate containing 0.05 mM mercury(II) at pH 2.5. Coulometric measurements and square-wave voltammetry were used to establish the properties of the deposit. Conditions for the deposition and stripping of cadmium are outlined.
Micro-optics for Laser-Diode Bar Collimation for Pumping Solid-State Lasers

A longitudinally pumped Nd:YAG laser using a 1-cm long CW laser diode bar as a pump source is reported. Two micro optic arrays were developed to collimate the laser diode bar output prior to pumping the Nd:YAG crystal. One configuration produced 600 mW output power at 16% slope efficiency.
On exact stationary solutions of equivalent non-linear stochastic systems

Abstract The response of a dynamical system to Gaussian white-noise excitations may be represented by a Markov vector whose probability density is governed by the well-known Fokker-Planck equation. In this paper a general procedure is developed to obtain the exact solutions for Fokker-Planck equations in the state of statistical stationarity. The dynamical systems considered are generally oscillatory and non-linear, and the random excitations may be additive, or multiplicative, or both. The procedure is based on the idea of splitting each drift coefficient and each diffusion coefficient in a Fokker-Planck equation into two parts, associated with the circulatory and potential probability flows, respectively. In so doing two sets of equations are derived for the probability potential which is the essential ingredient required to construct the probability density of the response. The procedure also provides a natural means to identify equivalent stochastic systems which share the same probability distribution.
Analysis of inhibitors of the site-specific recombination reaction mediated by Tn3 resolvase☆

The Tn3-encoded resolvase protein promotes a site-specific recombination reaction between two directly repeated copies of the recombination site res. Several inhibitors that block this event in vitro have been isolated. In this study four of these inhibitors were tested on various steps in the recombination reaction. Two inhibitors. A9387 and A1062, inhibit resolvase binding to the res site. Further, DNase I footprinting revealed that at certain concentrations of A9387 and A1062, resolvase was preferentially bound to site I of res, the site containing the recombinational crossover point. The two other inhibitors, A20812 and A21960, do not affect resolvase binding and bending of the DNA but inhibit synapse formation between resolvase and two directly repeated res sites.