cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TIME GAP IN THE ESTIMATION OF LONG DURATION.

Sumtnary.-Using flash durations of 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 sec., reproduced estimates of duration as well as of the time gap between stimuli were obtained for 23 Ss under three experimental conditions. In general, all the durations were overestimated in all the three conditions. Time gap in Exp. I was fairly constant but was greater as well as less than some stimulus magnitudes in Exp. 11. A fixed time gap (Exp. III), however, produced the same trend as in Exp. I. The term 'cime gap' refers to the intervening period between presentation of a stimulus and Ss' subsequent judgment. This intervening period (Chatterjea, 1959) differs from a pause in that the amount of time taken was left to Ss. Hence, the cime gap seems to be a 'spontaneously consumed cime' which an individual apparently feels he needs before reproducing the scimulus time. Earlier studies with short duracions of flash revealed thac, when left to themselves, Ss would take some time after presentation of the stimulus and the magnitude of this time gap was proportional co che stimulus magnitude. The relation between stimulus cime and reproduction, on che one hand, and che relation between time gap and scim~~lus time, on che other, was linear (Chatcerjea, 1959, 1960). It was then decided to investigate the role of cime gap with longer stimulus durations bound by flash of lighc. Some related studies have been reported (Hirsh, et al., 1956; Ekman & Frankenhaeuser, 1957) but Es marked duracion with an auditory signal and did not study the intervening period or time gap. The present study utilized longer durations which were marked by flash of light. As a pilot smdy showed that controlled time gaps did noc appreciably affect estimation (Chatcerjea & %ha, 1962), no accernpc was made in this study to record che time gap. On che basis of previous studies, three predictions were made. (a) When left to themselves, Ss will cake some cime (i.e., time gap) before they reproduce the stimulus duradon. Both time gap and the cime estimate of the stimulus duration (i.e., reproduced time) will increase in magnitude along with an increase in stimulus magnitude. The relation between time gap-scimulus time and estimated stimulus time will be linear. [This prediction is based on the fact that such a trend was found with durations of flash below 1 sec. (see Chatrerjea, 1960). Let us call this our first prediction.] (b) When asked ro wait for the same period of time as that of the flash, Ss will wait for less rime (hence,
Investigation of a High Voltage, High Frequency Power Conditioning System for Use with Flux Compression Generators

Summary form only given. The University of Missouri-Columbia is presently developing a compact power conditioning system to transform the high current signal from a flux compression generator (PCG) to the high voltage, high frequency signal required for a number of pulsed power applications. A non-destructive test stand has been built to simulate the output current of a flux compression generator and allow inexpensive and repeatable testing of the power conditioning components. This paper includes a description of the test stand, air-core transformer, exploding wire fuse, and oscillating transmission line transformer along with theoretical and experimental results obtained with the non-destructive test stand.
Communication Optimizations for Parallel Computing Using Data Access Information

Given the large communication overheads characteristic of modern parallel machines, optimizations that eliminate, hide or parallelize communication may improve the performance of parallel computations. This paper describes our experience automatically applying communication optimizations in the context of Jade, a portable, implicitly parallel programming language designed for exploiting task-level concurrency. Jade programmers start with a program written in a standard serial, imperative language, then use Jade constructs to declare how parts of the program access data. The Jade implementation uses this data access information to automatically extract the concurrency and apply communication optimizations. Jade implementations exist for both shared memory and message passing machines; each Jade implementation applies communication optimizations appropriate for the machine on which it runs. We present performance results for several Jade applications running on both a shared memory machine (the Stanford DASH machine) and a message passing machine (the Intel iPSC/860). We use these results to characterize the overall performance impact of the communication optimizations. For our application set replicating data for concurrent read access and improving the locality of the computation by placing tasks close to the data that they access are the most important optimizations. Broadcasting widely accessed data has a significant performance impact on one application; other optimizations such as concurrently fetching remote data and overlapping computation with communication have no effect.
Short-term impacts of nitrogen fertilization on a montane grassland ecosystem in a South Asian biodiversity hotspot

Background: Elevated anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is an important cause of biodiversity decline and disruption of ecosystem function and services, yet these impacts on many globally important ecosystems remain poorly studied. The Western Ghats of India has a N deposition rate that is highest among the 34 world biodiversity hotspots, and is projected to increase to 3.3 g N m−2 year−1 by 2050. Aims: This study aims to understand N addition effects on the plant community and ecosystem in the montane grasslands of the Nilgiris, Western Ghats. Methods: Plant and soil responses were measured in grassland plots subject to N addition (ambient, 2 and 8 g N m−2year−1) and N immobilisation (500 g sucrose N m−2 year−1) treatments in a region frequently subjected to fire disturbance – the study site was burned 6 months prior to the experiment. Results: Ecosystem responses were consistent with a N-limited system. Soil N availability and leaf tissue N concentration responded positively to N addition. Plant cove...
Research Article: N-(indole-3-acetyl) amino acids as auxin sources for somatic embryogenesis in carrot tissue cultures

Abstract The naturally occurring auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA-amino acid conjugates were compared to the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for triggering somatic embryogenesis in carrot cells. Somatic embryos triggered by 2,4-D treatment may be a suitable model system for studying embryogenesis and embryo development. Use of 2,4-D avoids the challenges encountered with the use of IAA in tissue culture, but first it is essential to show that 2,4-D is an accurate substitute for the naturally occurring auxin. IAA or IAA-conjugates were substituted for the 2,4-D normally present in carrot cell culture medium. After 4 weeks the cells were transferred to medium without auxin. The cells were monitored to determine whether they formed somatic embryos exactly as cells do when taken off 2,4-D. Two of the conjugates tested exhibited the same effect on embryogenesis as 2,4-D. Embryos did not form in the presence of the auxin, but did form when the auxin was denied. With one conjugat...
The Impacts of Errors in Factor Levels on Robust Parameter Design Optimization

In robust parameter design (RPD), the ultimate goal is to identify the settings of control factors, which lead to an optimal mean with minimum process variation. In order to achieve this goal, usually two objective functions corresponding to the mean and variance of the desired quality characteristic are considered. Next, settings for the control variables (factors) are determined such that the values achieved for the two objective functions are as close to their ideal values as possible. This article highlights the impact of the miss-specification of noise variables as fixed factors in RPDs. The miss-specification or error in factor levels causes inappropriate estimates of the response model, which consequently affects the optimal settings of the control variables. The results are illustrated through an experimental example. Moreover, three different formulations are applied to determine the optimal settings for the case of Larger The Better (LTB). The performance of the formulations is also evaluated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of Extreme Daily Maximum Temperatures on Antecedent Soil Moisture in the Contiguous United States during Summer

Abstract The paper presents an analysis of the dependence of summertime daily maximum temperature on antecedent soil moisture using daily surface observations from a selection of stations in the contiguous United States and daily time series of soil moisture computed with a simple local water balance model. The computed soil moisture time series are offered as an alternative to Palmer’s soil moisture anomaly (Z) index, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and other such time series. In contrast to other water balance models that have been designed for the computation of soil moisture time series, the model herein is driven by daily rather than monthly data, uses the Priestley–Taylor method in lieu of Thornthwaite’s method to calculate potential evapotranspiration, allows for runoff during dry periods as well as when soil moisture is not at field capacity, includes a crude scheme for taking into account the effects of snowmelt on the water balance, and permits geographical variations in soil water cap...
Handicapped Children and Their Families

In the field of work with handicapped children, professionals have always been under great pressure. In the work with the children themselves, there is the sense of responsibility to the lives and well-being of youngsters afflicted with serious disabilities, and the call to compassion that accompanies this as well. The parents of a handicapped child are also a factor; they themselves are pressured and also have a call on the professionals, sometimes in very legitimate terms, sometimes overwhelmingly so. The fact that social policy in the United States is neither mobilized toward nor adequately committed to comprehensively dealing with the lives of children, handicapped or otherwise, makes this field an even more difficult one in which to be engaged.
Economic Aspects of Motor Transportation in Marketing Livestock

AN IMPORTANT function of marketing livestock is the physical movement of the live animals from the farm to the market and/or to the packing plant. As livestock, in the present time, has to be transported either by railroad or by motor truck, shippers have to choose between these two alternative methods of transportation. Also, as there is no general rule to be relied upon for determining which method could be used to the greater advantage, shippers have to make a decision as to the mode of transport suitable to each set of circumstances the individual shipper is likely to encounter, i.e., the species of animal, the number of animals shipped, the particular destinations, the type of market (terminal vs. auction), etc. In order to reach profitable decisions, shippers have to make their comparison between railroads and trucks on the same basis. In comparing costs, for example, it is important to begin at the farm and to consider all items of expense until the shipment is delivered at the point at which the shipper ceases to be financially concerned with the process of getting the livestock to the receiver. Such costs include the actual money outlay for the transportation service and expenses en route, together with losses from death, crippling, bruising, and tissue shrinkage of animals. In addition, "service" factors, which are not directly measurable in terms of money, such as convenience, should be taken into account. Such factors are largely a matter of individual judgment, and there cannot be any rule for how much they mean to different individuals. Livestock producers, especially the small producers, may find difficulty in reaching good decisions as to which method of transportation is better. They often need guidance in evaluating the various factors involved. Such guidance could be provided by farmers' organizations and experiment stations. In addition, farmers and shippers can benefit from the experience of their neighbors in the livestock industry by knowing the reasons behind the diversion of livestock traffic from rail to truck or vice versa and the advantages that have attracted shippers to use motor trucks instead of railroads.
Overwinter Survival of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Southern Texas: Evidence and Significance of Reproductive Diapause

Cohorts of adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, subjected to selected cotton diet regimens in two experiments, exhibited one or more of the classic symptoms of reproductive diapause. In both sexes, a limited diet of cotton squares or bolls conferred the ability to survive for considerable periods (up to 162 d) without subsequent feeding. An extended period of adult dormancy was evident among cohorts monitored during 1982-1983, although this was less evident among cohorts monitored in a second experiment (1983-1984). Despite such empirical evidence of dormancy, field surveys consistently indicated an extreme rarity or absence of dormant adult boll weevils in sites of deciduous leaf litter, bunchgrasses, and other types of conventional habitat that are generally considered preferred overwintering sites in temperate environments. Several explanations for these apparent anomalies are proposed, and the general significance of boll weevil diapause in subtropical environments is discussed.
Numerical Analysis of Transient Temperature Distribution in a Partially Cooled Nuclear Fuel Rod

Critical safety studies of a nuclear power plants are often associated with inadequate and improper cooling of the reactor core or the spent fuel rods. Coolant flow over the hot nuclear fuel rods often gets stalled during major accidents resulting in high temperature levels. These elevated temperature levels can potentially melt the fuel rod material and cause the release of radioactive gases. Research activities, both numerical and experimental in nature to explore these rare but potentially catastrophic possibilities have resulted in sophisticated numerical codes capable of simulating the various post-accident scenarios. These codes, although reasonably accurate and reliable have steep learning curves and are not often very user-friendly. A fast and accurate prediction of the critical temperature conditions using popular commercially available software packages is the subject of current study.Results from this parametric study of temperature distribution over a partially cooled fuel rod carried out using ANSYS as the numerical analysis tool is reported. Nuclear fuel rods being inadequately cooled inside a stagnant pool of coolant water in an accident scenario resulting in disrupted coolant flow has been simulated. This situation can arise within the reactor (design-basis accidents) or in the waste-fuel storage (as faced in Fukushima). In these situations, the fuel rod is often left partially immersed in the coolant water resulting in immersed portion of the rod cooled by water and the exposed portion cooled by air leading to non-uniform and improper cooling of the system.Realistic dimensions and materials as in commercial nuclear fuel rod have been used in the study. Taking advantage of the symmetry, an axisymmetric radial plane sliced longitudinally has been analyzed. Variations in the tangential direction have been neglected. The heat transfer problem uses homogeneous convective boundary conditions and assumes temperature dependent thermal conductivity. The parameters varied are the coolant level and the heat generation rate inside the fuel rod. A macro to automatically capture the transients in the temperatures was written in ANSYS (a finite element package). The governing energy equations were implicitly solved using finite volume scheme in MATLAB. ANSYS results are in close agreement with those obtained using MATLAB. The centerline temperature of the fuel rod shows a sharp rise below a certain coolant level.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Art and Authority in Antebellum New York City: The Rise and Fall of the American Art-Union

When an art enthusiast declared, in 1845, that "pictures are more powerful than speeches," he captured a widespread conviction that paintings held the power to moralize or demoralize viewers.1 That belief gave urgency to antebellum struggles over patronage, exhibition, and aesthetic authority. How were artists to be supported in a society that lacked traditions of aristocratic or state patronage, and how might support be structured to foster artistic excellence? What was the most appropriate site for the exhibition of art works, and how broad a popular appeal was it possible or desirable for such exhibitions to command? Finally, which social group was most capable of judging artistic quality, and should such aesthetic authority be confined to men? These questions lay at the heart of a heated debate in the antebellum North. At stake for the disputants was the location of cultural authority in the nation and the relation of art to an expanding world of commercial entertainment. New York's American Art-Union offers an opportunity to examine, in one significant context, the struggle that defined the social role of art and artists in the antebellum North. Founded in 1839, the organization was, by the late forties, the primary market for American paintings other than portraits. Organizers hoped at once to encourage American artists and to promote a "taste for art" within the city
Earthquake Resistant Post-Tensioned Connections to Concrete Filled HSS Columns

Large-scale subassembly tests were conducted to investigate the behavior of an innovative post-tensioned wide flange beam-to-column moment connection for steel moment resisting frames with concrete-filled HSS columns subjected to seismic loading conditions. The connection includes top and seat angles bolted to the beam and column. Strands are placed along the length of the beam, passing through the column and post-tensioned to provide a precompression of the beam against the column. The parameters investigated in the study include the angle thickness, angle gage length, beam flange reinforcing plates, connection shim plates, and post-tensioning force. The test results demonstrate that post-tensioned connections provide excellent elastic stiffness, strength, and ductility under cyclic loading, with energy dissipation occurring primarily in the angles. The connection initial elastic stiffness is comparable to that of a fully restrained welded connection. In addition, the connection has essentially no residual deformation following several cycles of inelastic story drift. Simple design models are developed and verified by the test results for estimating the connection decompression moment and moment capacity, as well as the increase in post-tensioning strand force due to connection deformation.
Developing a hot-water drill system for the WISSARD project: 2. In situ water production

Successful hot-water drilling in the Antarctic is predicated on utilization of the abundant water supply available in the form of the Antarctic ice sheet. For WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) field operations, a snowmelting system was developed that could adequately provide water for a 1000 kW hot-water drill. The system employs ∼100 kW of waste heat from a 225 kW generator to melt snow for initial water (known as seed water) to prime the drill’s high-pressure pumps and water heaters; once the water heaters can be engaged in snowmelting, enough water can be supplied directly to the WISSARD drill to successfully melt a 40 cm diameter hole through 800 m of ice.
Medication management for left ventricular assist device thrombosis.

Purpose Current strategies for prevention and treatment of “pump thrombosis” associated with the use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are discussed. Summary LVADs provide morbidity, mortality, and quality-of-life benefits in patients with advanced heart failure. Since continuous-flow LVADs came into wide use, there have been increased reports of pump thrombosis (clot formation in the LVAD system that can lead to pump dysfunction and clinical complications). Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies are important for preventing pump thrombosis, although the optimal antithrombotic regimen remains unclear. International Normalized Ratio goals should be determined according to specific device characteristics and patient risk factors. Medication therapy for pump thrombosis provides a less invasive option than surgical pump exchange or heart transplantation but is associated with high risks of bleeding events, recurrent pump thrombosis, and mortality. Decisions regarding medical versus surgical management should be based on clinical status and surgical candidacy. Management of pump thrombosis may include intensified i.v. anticoagulation, i.v. or intraventricular thrombolytics, or glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Optimization and close monitoring of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy can help reduce the risk of pump thrombosis. Conclusion Intensive clinical and laboratory monitoring are important in identifying signs and symptoms of LVAD thrombosis. Medical management of LVAD thrombosis can be considered an early treatment strategy before thrombi become too large and unresponsive to pharmacotherapies, but antithrombotic medications carry a high risk of bleeding complications and should be used judiciously. More definitive treatment with pump exchange or heart transplantation in appropriate candidates may be required.
North American blackout time series statistics and implications for blackout risk

We use North American Electric Reliability Corporation historical data to give improved estimates of distributions of blackout size, time correlations, and waiting times for the Eastern and Western interconnections of the North American grid. We then explain and estimate the implications of the power law region (heavy tails) in the empirical distribution of blackout size in the historical data for the Western interconnection. Annual mean blackout size has high variability and the risk of large blackouts exceeds the risk of medium size blackouts. Ways to communicate blackout risk are discussed.
Analysis on AIDS monitoring results of high-risk groups in 2008-2009 in Qilihe

Objective:To understand the various types at high risk of HIV infection in Qilihe district from 2008 to 2009,for the relevant departments develop effective prevention measures to provide a scientific basis.Methods:The blood of the random survey were collected and tested by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) for HIV in the AIDS Laboratory.Results:The overall HIV-positive rates were 0.29%,0.58%.In 2008-2009,higher positive rates of populations were drug user crowd,VCT groups,entertainment groups.Conclusion:In high-risk populations on HIV infection,especially in entertainment and long-term drug addicts,AIDS prevention advocacy work and develop long-term intervention mechanisms were imperative.
A long-term comparison of two treatment regimens for minimal brain dysfunction. Drug therapy versus combined therapy

An eight-month study compared the effectiveness of drug therapy alone with that of combined drug therapy, educational-group training, and parent-group counseling. The control and experimental group...
Virilizing Adrenal Adenoma Secreting Testosterone

AbstractA case of adrenocortical adenoma secreting predominantly testosterone is described. Serum hormone levels and computerized axial tomography were helpful in the diagnosis.
Quantitative Determination of the Probability of Multiple-Motor Transport in Bead-Based Assays

With their longest dimension typically being less than 100 nm, molecular motors are significantly below the optical-resolution limit. Despite substantial advances in fluorescence-based imaging methodologies, labeling with beads remains critical for optical-trapping-based investigations of molecular motors. A key experimental challenge in bead-based assays is that the number of motors on a bead is not well defined. Particularly for single-molecule investigations, the probability of single- versus multiple-motor events has not been experimentally investigated. Here, we used bead travel distance as an indicator of multiple-motor transport and determined the lower-bound probability of bead transport by two or more motors. We limited the ATP concentration to increase our detection sensitivity for multiple- versus single-kinesin transport. Surprisingly, for all but the lowest motor number examined, our measurements exceeded estimations of a previous model by ≥2-fold. To bridge this apparent gap between theory and experiment, we derived a closed-form expression for the probability of bead transport by multiple motors, and constrained the only free parameter in this model using our experimental measurements. Our data indicate that kinesin extends to ∼57 nm during bead transport, suggesting that kinesin exploits its conformational flexibility to interact with microtubules at highly curved interfaces such as those present for vesicle transport in cells. To our knowledge, our findings provide the first experimentally constrained guide for estimating the probability of multiple-motor transport in optical trapping studies. The experimental approach utilized here (limiting ATP concentration) may be generally applicable to studies in which molecular motors are labeled with cargos that are artificial or are purified from cellular extracts.
Two-Phonon Data

In our earlier discussion of the interpretation of the infrared- absorption spectra of perfect alkali halides, we made use of the simplest possible classical treatment. The principal discrepancy between the absorption spectra calculated in this way and those observed experimentally lies in the existence of subsidiary structure in the observed spectra. In this section we wish to describe briefly how this can be explained. Since extensive discussions of the problem have been given by a number of authors,(49,50,148–150) we shall give a semiquantitative discussion of the absorption mechanism and show that the interpretation of the observed side-band structure can be reduced to the computation of certain functions of the eigen-frequencies and eigenvectors of the lattice.
A Factor Analysis and Further Validation of the Shepherd Scale

Analyse des reponses de 238 sujets a l'Echelle de Bassett, qui cherche a etablir la difference entre les chretiens et les non-chretiens.
Expected loss of uncertain random system

Uncertain random variable is a main tool to deal with phenomena in which uncertainty and randomness are present simultaneously. This paper proposes a concept of expected loss to quantify the risk of an uncertain random system. In addition, an expected loss theorem is proved and applied to series system, parallel system, k-out-of-n system, standby system and structural system.
Ovipositional Preference and Distribution of Eggs in Selected Field and Vegetable Crops by Nabis roseipennis (Hemiptera: Nabidae)

Hemipteran predator abundance varies significantly among crop species. Ovipositional preference by these predators for specific crops may help explain differences in predator abundance among crops. Ovipositional preferences of Nabis roseipennis Reuter between a preferred standard (soybean) and four crops (corn, tomato, tobacco and squash) were determined in paired-choice tests under greenhouse conditions. Significantly more eggs or egg groups were found in soybean than in corn and tomato. Squash was the only plant preferred for oviposition over soybean. Within-plant distribution of eggs varied among plant species and appeared to be independent of prey distribution. The specific site chosen for oviposition in each plant species apparently was determined by plant physical characteristics, possibly including rind toughness and, for tomato and tobacco, glandular trichome presence and age. Patterns of ovipositional preference were similar to previous observations of field abundance and may be partially respons...
Perinatal Exposure to Western Diet Programs Autonomic Dysfunction in the Male Offspring

Although the deleterious influence of protein deficiency on fetal programming is well documented, the impact of a Western diet on epigenetic mechanisms is less clear. We hypothesized that high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) consumption during pregnancy leads to epigenetic modifications within the progeny’s compensatory renin–angiotensin system (RAS), affecting autonomic and metabolic functions. Dams were fed HFHSD (45% fat and 30% sucrose) or regular chow (RD) from mating until weaning of the pups (~7 weeks). Offspring from both groups were then maintained on chow and studied in adulthood (3–7 months). Offspring from HFHSD-exposed dams (OH) exhibited no difference in body weight or fasting blood glucose compared to controls (OR). In 3-month-old offspring, DNA methylation was significantly lower for the ACE2 gene (P < 0.05) in the brainstem, kidney and cecum. Moreover, ACE2 activity in the hypothalamus was increased at 7 months (OH: 91 ± 1 vs. OR: 74 ± 4 AFU/mg/min, P < 0.05). Although baseline blood pressure was not different between groups, vagal tone in OH was significantly impaired compared to OR. At the same time, OH offspring had a 1.7-fold increase in AT1a receptor expression and a 1.3-fold increase in ADAM17 mRNA. DOCA-salt treatment further revealed and exacerbated hypertensive response in the OH progeny (OH: 130 ± 6 vs. OR: 108 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05). Taken together, our data suggest that perinatal exposure to HFHSD resulted in epigenetic modifications of the compensatory brain RAS, potentially affecting plasticity of neuronal networks leading to autonomic dysfunction in the male offspring.
Dihydropyrimidine-Thiones and Clioquinol Synergize To Target β-Amyloid Cellular Pathologies through a Metal-Dependent Mechanism.

The lack of therapies for neurodegenerative diseases arises from our incomplete understanding of their underlying cellular toxicities and the limited number of predictive model systems. It is critical that we develop approaches to identify novel targets and lead compounds. Here, a phenotypic screen of yeast proteinopathy models identified dihydropyrimidine-thiones (DHPM-thiones) that selectively rescued the toxicity caused by β-amyloid (Aβ), the peptide implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Rescue of Aβ toxicity by DHPM-thiones occurred through a metal-dependent mechanism of action. The bioactivity was distinct, however, from that of the 8-hydroxyquinoline clioquinol (CQ). These structurally dissimilar compounds strongly synergized at concentrations otherwise not competent to reduce toxicity. Cotreatment ameliorated Aβ toxicity by reducing Aβ levels and restoring functional vesicle trafficking. Notably, these low doses significantly reduced deleterious off-target effects caused by CQ on mitochondria at highe...
Student and Faculty Transition to a New Online Learning Management System

Abstract Background Online learning is rapidly emerging within nursing education. The purpose of this project was to provide a unified and consistent user interface in the new Canvas™ learning management system (LMS) for students and faculty and to promote super users who would assist faculty in a seamless transition from Oncourse™ to Canvas™. Implementation Plan Curriculum templates were provided within the LMS for nursing courses and numerous training opportunities with designated super users. Results Faculty reported feeling either competent (57%) or very competent (36%) in their ability to use Canvas™ LMS after implementation of the project; survey comments reflected an overall positive response to the transition to Canvas™. Conclusion This project resulted in a framework of standardized templates that are student centered and effective for quality online learning.
Relative Governance and the Global Cross-Listing Decision: Extending the Bonding Hypothesis

Using a comprehensive set of cross-listings, we extend the bonding hypothesis by developing what we term as the relative bonding hypothesis. We hypothesize that firms seek the advantages of stronger investor protections by listing in countries whose governance is relatively better than its own. This means that firms can achieve bonding without listing in the U.S and that the governance advantages of bonding are not only for ADRs. We find that firms are more likely to choose a cross-listing destination if the host country has better governance than the home country, except those firms from countries whose managers enjoy greater private benefits of control. We also find that there is valuation premium even when cross-listing occurs outside of the U.S. The premia are even stronger if the host country has better governance than that of the home country. We conclude that although bonding might explain the existence of ADRs, relative bonding helps to explain the extensive cross-listing which occurs outside of the U.S.
Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults.

G.R. is a 21-year-old nonpregnant woman who is new to the area and your office. She is applying to graduate school and wants to make sure her vaccinations are up to date. She reports she is doing well and has no concerns.
Tactics: Conceptions of Social Change, Revolution, and Anarchist Organisation

Tactics are the techniques and actions used by social movements that implement strategies for the purpose of achieving goals. For anarchist movements, tactics can assume a reactive, diagnostic, or destructive force for opposing hierarchy, repression, and inequality. Tactics can also assume a proactive, prognostic, or creative force that promotes horizontalism, liberation, and egalitarianism. The purpose of these tactics is twofold: intervening in society to immediately accomplish goals (also called ‘direct action’) and illustrating a vision for a better world (also called ‘prefiguration’). Anarchist movements commonly have a protest repertoire that they regularly draw from, deploying one tactic or another from their ‘toolkit’, the choice of which depends on changing external conditions, participant interests, and coalition alliances. Tactics and other organisational forms are never imposed by anarchists upon others and thus must spread horizontally. Usually a combination of word-of-mouth, movement press, and stories of first-hand experiences help to diffuse these tactics from one location to another.
Abstract 607: Inhibition of CDK4/6 and Pi3Kγ modulates mammary tumor immune microenvironment to enhance response to immunotherapy

An antitumor immune response is critical in achieving immunotherapy-driven tumor regression. Despite remarkable clinical advances in immunotherapies, patients with breast cancer have been only moderately responsive. In this study, we tested whether CDK4/6 inhibition in combination with Pi3Kγ inhibition can augment the immunotherapy response. Tumor growth was inhibited in the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer model when treated with palbociclib (CDK4/6i) in combination with anti-CD137, an antibody agonist of T cell co-stimulatory receptor 4-1BB. We also assessed the effect of palbociclib alone in a postsurgical model, where treatment began 5 days after injecting 37,000 MMTV-PyMT cells into the mammary fat pad, and show a significant inhibition of both average tumor weight and volume. In addition, we demonstrate that palbociclib can be effective in reducing total tumor burden in the PyMT-FVB spontaneous breast cancer model. Furthermore, mice treated with palbociclib in this model had an increase in CD3+ cell infiltrate in tumor lung metastasis. We used the Pi3Kγ-null mice treated with palbociclib or vehicle control to assess the effect of dual inhibition of CDK4/6 and Pi3Kγ on MMTV-PyMT tumors. We found an increase in CD45+ cells within the tumor microenvironment and an increase in MHC class II+, antigen-presenting macrophages upon palbociclib treatment. Additionally, gene expression analysis of chemokines in palbociclib-treated MCF-7 cells showed an increased expression of CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, each of which is implicated in T-cell tumor-homing. Overall, our results suggest that dual inhibition of CDK4/6 and Pi3Kγ may enhance tumor immunogenicity. Drugs targeting CDK4/6 and Pi3Kγ are of high clinical relevance and our findings indicate that they may be used in combination with immunotherapies for the treatment for breast cancer. Citation Format: Stacey Mont, Kevin Black, Sheau-Chiann Chen, Gregory D. Ayers, Ann Richmond, Anna E. Vilgelm. Inhibition of CDK4/6 and Pi3Kγ modulates mammary tumor immune microenvironment to enhance response to immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 607.
Liposome suppression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Rabbit model using antimetabolite encapsulated liposomes

The effects of the antimetabolites, cytarabine (Ara-C) and 5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate (FUMP), encapsulated in multivesicular liposomes on formation of vitreous fibroproliferative membranes in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were studied. In pharmacokinetic studies, the drug half-life in the vitreous cavity was 124 hr after intravitreal administration of 1.0 mg of FUMP in liposomes. By contrast, the drug half-life after a single injection in nonliposome-treated controls was only 4.5 hr. In a heterologous dermal fibroblast model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), there was a 92% decrease in frequency of tractional retinal detachments in rabbits receiving a single intravitreal injection of liposome-encapsulated 0.1 mg of FUMP compared with controls receiving liposomes without drug. A dose of 1 mg of Ara-C in liposome-treated rabbits was associated with only a 46% reduction in tractional detachment compared with controls. Multivesicular liposome-encapsulated FUMP may be useful for inhibiting formation of fibroproliferative membranes in the vitreous after vitreoretinal surgery.
Distinguishing Carbon Aerosols by Microscopy

A number of atmospheric aerosols such as quartz, calcite, feldspars, pollens, rubber tire fragments, sulfates, and nitrates hold rank as ubiquitous aerosols. The attention given to elemental carbon at a 1978 conference [1] and this symposium finally elevates elemental carbon to its rightful place among the ubiquitous aerosols. The widespread presence of these aerosols necessitates that they be included in the analytical protocol for any comprehensive air pollution study, especially those related to total suspended particulates non-attainment and visibility reduction.
Cross-specialty Integrated Resident Conferences: An Educational Approach to Bridging the Gap.

Rationale and Objectives Radiologists play a pivotal role in patient management, primarily through interacting with referring clinicians. Despite this extensive cross-specialty interaction, radiology resident education rarely involves direct education from clinicians outside the department. We surveyed resident attitudes toward integrated conferences with subspecialty referring physicians both before and after a pilot lecture series at our institution. Materials and Methods Three thoracic-themed multidisciplinary conferences were organized, which involved a variety of clinicians lecturing during normal resident conference times. Resident surveys were administered before and after the complete lectures series as well as immediately after each individual lecture. Results The prelecture series survey indicated residents felt neutral about their confidence in knowing what clinicians want from radiology reports and the current level of “clinician-focus” in the curriculum. Residents indicated a desire for more clinician involvement in lectures. After completion of the series, residents expressed that the integrated conferences were useful and that they had greater confidence in understanding the clinicians' expectation of reports. Resident interest in clinician participation in lectures was higher after series completion. Most residents indicated that prespecified, self-identified learning objectives were met by the lectures. After the completion of the series, most residents indicated that they wanted the series to continue, with the most commonly indicated desired frequency being once or twice a month. Conclusion Subspecialty clinician participation in a cross-specialty integrated resident lecture series was highly favored and well received. An “Integrated Clinical Lecture Series” may be a beneficial addition to radiology residency curriculums.
Solving the Joint Product Platform Selection and Product Family Design Problem: An Efficient Decomposed Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm with Generalized Commonality

Product family optimization involves not only specifying the platform from which the individual product variants will be derived but also optimizing the platform design and the individual variants. Typically these steps are performed separately, but we propose an efficient decomposed multiobjective genetic algorithm to jointly determine optimal platform selection, platform design, and variant design in product family optimization. The approach addresses limitations of prior restrictive component sharing definitions by introducing a generalized two-dimensional commonality chromosome to enable sharing components among subsets of variants. To solve the resulting high-dimensional problem in a single stage efficiently, we exploit the problem structure by decomposing it into a two-level genetic algorithm, where the upper level determines the optimal platform configuration while each lower level optimizes one of the individual variants. The decomposed approach improves scalability of the all-in-one problem dramatically, providing a practical tool for optimizing families with more variants. The proposed approach is demonstrated by optimizing a family of electric motors. Results indicate that decomposition results in improved solutions under comparable computational cost, and generalized commonality produces families with increased component sharing under the same level of performance.
The Effect of Inflation Targeting on Foreign Direct Investment Flows to Developing Countries

Due to the many benefits that come with foreign direct investment (FDI), such as greater economic growth and technology spillovers, developing countries strive to attract this type of investment. Although the amount of FDI in developing countries has increased greatly over the past several years, not all developing countries have been successful at attracting it. A credible monetary policy, such as inflation targeting (IT), might make countries that implement it more attractive destinations for FDI flows due to the reliable macroeconomic environment created. This paper estimates the effect of IT on FDI flows to developing countries using a difference-in-differences approach and panel data for 71 countries for the period 1985 to 2013. This paper also looks at the difference between targeting and non-targeting countries in terms of FDI inflows during times of high instability. The results indicate that the adoption of IT leads to increased FDI flows to developing countries overall and, most importantly, during times of distress.
The association between lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease progression and mortality.

BACKGROUND Lifestyle factors may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease, but little is known about factors that influence progression. The objective of the current study was to examine whether caffeine or alcohol consumption, physical activity, or cigarette smoking is associated with progression and survival among PD patients. METHODS We assessed lifelong coffee, tea, and alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity in a prospective community-based cohort (n = 360). All patients were passively followed for mortality (2001-2016); 244 were actively followed on average ± SD 5.3 ± 2.1 years (2007-2014). Movement disorder specialists repeatedly assessed motor function (Hoehn & Yahr) and cognition (Mini-Mental State Exam). We used Cox proportional hazards models and inverse probability weights to account for censoring. RESULTS Coffee, caffeinated tea, moderate alcohol consumption, and physical activity were protective against at least 1 outcome. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption were associated with increased risks. Coffee was protective against time to Hoehn & Yahr stage 3 (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-1.01), cognitive decline (hazard ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.11, 0.48), and mortality (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.69). Relative to moderate drinkers, those who never drank liquor and those who drank more heavily were at an increased risk of Hoehn & Yahr 3 (hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.90-6.38; and hazard ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.03, 4.54, respectively). A history of competitive sports was protective against cognitive decline (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.96) and Hoehn & Yahr 3 (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.79), as was physical activity measured by metabolic-equivalent hours. Current cigarette smoking was associated with faster cognitive decline (hazard ratio, 3.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-10.01). CONCLUSIONS This population-based study suggests that lifestyle factors influence PD progression and mortality. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
8 Ethical Issues in Psychological Assessment

In attempting to address the myriad issues that challenge psychologists undertaking to conduct assessments in the most ethically appropriate manner, it is helpful to think in terms of the prepositions before, during, and after. Some ethical considerations are best addressed before the assessment is begun; others come into play as the data are collected and analyzed; and still other ethical issues crop up after the actual assessment is completed. This chapter explores the ethical problems inherent in psychological assessment using the same sequence. Keywords: professional ethics; psychological assessment; testing
Response to White Light Emitting Diode Aviation Signal Lights Varying in Correlated Color Temperature

Airfield lighting for runways and taxiways is currently undergoing a transition from filament-based incandescent sources to light emitting diodes (LEDs). Although models to assess the relative brig...
Gamification of an Undergraduate Psychology Statistics Lab: Benefits to Perceived Competence.

Teaching undergraduate psychology statistics poses challenges to instructors and students due to the perceived complexity of the material and lack of student motivation. With the goal of boosting student competency and engagement in statistics, our study introduced a gamified learning environment into the laboratory portion of the undergraduate psychology statistics course in which the gamified learning group was compared to the traditional group. Changes in intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, and objective pre- and post-test course content were assessed. Objective posttest scores were positively associated with perceived competence in statistics for the gamified learning group. Perceived competence is a strong predictor of achievement and foundational prerequisite of intrinsic motivation, suggesting that in contrast with the traditional group, students in the gamified group were further on the path towards developing intrinsic motivation and improved scholastic achievement. First published November 2018 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives