cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Administration of an Innovative Program of International Cooperation: Success across the Pond

The world continues to change rapidly and globalization is fostering common social, economic, and political agreements among countries. Agreements by governments have created opportunities to enhance educational and research endeavors that, by design, will remove barriers that previously have limited the flow of students, educators, researchers, and professionals across borders. Global access has opened the door to mobility in higher education, encouraging the development of educational standards and mutual mechanisms of recognition. Three years ago an eight-institution consortium comprised of four American and four European institutions of higher learning came together in a partnership to provide opportunities for students and faculty to share the educational and research experience internationally. A partnership of this magnitude was constructed despite barriers that were both administrative and cultural in origin. Through a positive approach, a framework for a transatlantic program of educational and research cooperation was developed. A significant level of mutual cooperation effectively solved the administrative hurdles initially encountered in the realm of research. We believe a model has been created that fosters the development of international programs to benefit faculty, students, and research administrators as they work to effectively interact in the global environment.
PHIN: A Privacy Protected Heterogeneous IoT Network

The increasing growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) escalates a broad range of privacy concerns, such as inconsistencies between an IoT application and its privacy policy, or inference of personally identifiable information (PII) of users without their knowledge. To address these challenges, we propose and develop a privacy protection framework called PHIN, for a heterogeneous IoT network, which aims to evaluate privacy risks associated with a new IoT device before it is deployed within a network. We define a methodology and set of metrics to identify and calculate the level of privacy risk of an IoT device and to provide two-layered privacy notices. We also develop a privacy taxonomy and data practice mapping schemas by analyzing 75 randomly selected privacy policies from 12 different categories to help us identify and extract IoT data practices. We conceptually analyze our framework with four smart home IoT devices from four different categories. The result of the evaluation shows the effectiveness of PHIN in helping users understand privacy risks associated with a new IoT device and make an informed decision prior to its installation.
Impact of an epic-integrated point-of-care ultrasound workflow on ultrasound performance, compliance, and potential revenue.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the design and impact of a point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) workflow integrated into the electronic medical record (EMR) on PoCUS utilization, documentation compliance, and resultant revenue potential. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study at an academic center. The study period spanned from December 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 (pre-implementation) to August 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 (post-implementation). The implementation date was July 11, 2019 at which time a PoCUS workflow was integrated into the EMR in the emergency department without the purchase of middleware. Prior to this new workflow, a non-automated workflow was in place. PoCUS scan data were extracted from the EMR and archived examinations. The mean number of PoCUS examinations performed per month per 100 ED visits before and after implementation of the new workflow were compared using an unpaired t-test, stratified by all health care professionals, and attending physicians alone. The rate of documentation compliance before and after implementation of the new workflow were compared using a chi square contingency test. Potential revenue was calculated for each period by multiplying the number of eligible examinations by the respective 2020 Medicare conversion factor Relative Value Units. Results Utilization of PoCUS from pre-implementation to post-implementation increased 28.7% from 5.01 to 6.45 mean examinations per month per 100 ED visits by all health care professionals (p = 0.063), and 75.1% from 2.01 to 3.52 by attending physicians (p = 0.0001). Examinations in compliance with workflow requirements increased from 153 (14.7%) to 1307 (94.0%). The rate of workflow compliance improved from 14.7% to 94.0% of examinations (p Conclusions The implementation of a middleware-free PoCUS workflow at our institution was associated with increased PoCUS utilization, documentation compliance, and potential revenue.
Optimal Compensation Under Inventory Delegation and Supply/Demand Mismatch

Problem definition: We study how a firm should design its compensation plan to include both the sales performance and the operational performance (i.e., the supply/demand mismatch), for its sales division, who not only exerts unobservable demand-enhancement efforts but also makes the inventory ordering decision based on her private information about the local sales territory. Methodology/results: We build on the classical agency model by incorporating the supply/demand mismatch and inventory ordering delegation. We derive the closed-form expression for the firm's optimal compensation scheme in the most general contract space and show that it takes a simple form, coupling the classical linear compensation scheme with a compensation component contingent on some operational metric. Managerial implications: First, the firm should include a compensation component that is tied to operational metrics such as the sales division's leftover inventory and the unfulfilled demand. Second, the optimal compensation scheme needs to be adapted to the distinct operational features such as demand being censored or not, lost sales or backorder. Third, the optimal compensation scheme possesses the property of piece-wise linearity in demand (or sales) with a drop in the commission rate after demand exceeds the available inventory. This is in contrast not only with the classical linear compensation scheme, but also with the quota-based compensation scheme featuring a progressively increased commission rate when the demand exceeds a prespecified quota.
Neuropharmacology in the ICU: Monitoring the Therapeutic Response and Neurological Hemodynamic Impact of Our Therapeutic Decisions in Real Time

Patients with neurological injuries have many complicating factors that may impact outcomes. This includes medications used to treat acute and chronic illnesses that also affect systemic and central vasoactivity and may complicate neurological testing and recovery. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data to help guide clinicians on the cerebrovascular effects of medications. Multimodality monitoring techniques are used for neurocritical care patients, including transcranial Doppler, cerebral blood flow, and intracranial pressure monitoring devices. Some medications may affect cerebral autoregulation and blood flow and cause abrupt hemodynamic changes. Comorbid conditions may also contribute to pharmacokinetic changes for certain medications, causing unwanted effects. The use of monitoring techniques can serve as a tool for determining therapeutic responses to pharmacologic treatments and may be useful for guiding therapy. This chapter will focus on how the use of neurosonographic devices may help guide medication management in neurocritical care patients.
Asymmetries in Exports and Imports in the Americas: 1980 to 2005

Abstract This paper compares Exports and Imports in agricultural products, fuels & mining products, manufactures, and commercial services in the American countries involved in the NAFTA, and Mercosur-Andean trade agreements. Data on exports and imports between these countries and the world ranges from 1980 through 2005. This study traces the path of these relationships over a twenty-five year period and comments on the relationships of the net export gaps within these trade groups. Similarities and differences in export and import patterns are reported. In analyzing these 25 year trends, this paper underscores the asymmetries in trade that have occurred in these select countries in the Americas.
Prevalence and predictors of discharge in United States Air Force Basic Military Training

The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the prospective predictors of discharge in a population of individuals entering U.S. Air Force Basic Military Training (BMT). Subjects were 32,144 consecutive individuals entering Air Force BMT. In the first week, subjects filled out a comprehensive lifestyle and behavioral assessment. Over time, a total of 1,999 subjects (6.2%) dropped out of BMT for a variety of reasons, the most common being medical (33.6%), psychiatric (21.3%), legal (20%), and poor performance (13.1%). Overall, discharges by gender were equal, but the reasons for discharge varied by gender. Ethnicity predicted for medical, psychiatric, and legal discharge. Results suggest that women and ethnic minorities are not biased in favor of discharge and that both lifestyle and psychosocial variables are consistent predictors of discharge. Future research could potentially yield other significant predictors of success versus discharge in the U.S. military.
American Paradiplomacy: How Do U.S. States and Governors Respond to Economic Crises?

US states and governors have been involved in the foreign economic arena since the 1950s, primarily concerned with activities related to the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) and promotion of exports. personnel overseas and increasingly sent governors abroad. These activities continue today as governors and US state leaders seek to build economic stability for their communities. This study examines the ability of US states’ international representatives and governors to help attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and promote exports. Analyzing new data collected from all 50 states, the paper assesses governor-led trade and investment missions and US states’ representatives abroad, the tools used most often in American economic paradiplomacy but not adequately measured and tested in the literature. Results show that US-state level and individual-level variables matter and governors’ travels and US states’ international offices help with FDI and exports, thereby informing US states’ strategies for economic development. As glocalization increases due to the global economy, this topic has possibilities for better connecting domestic and international politics, especially since subnational leaders in Asia, Europe, North and South America now participate in paradiplomacy. This topic also reminds scholars of the avenues for research using qualitative and quantitative methodology to evaluate subnational governments’ connections with foreign relations.
Antileukotriene drugs in childhood asthma: what is their place in therapy?

Leukotriene antagonists are a new class of anti-inflammatory drugs which have shown clinical efficacy in the management of asthma. However, their role in paediatric asthma is still unclear. In essence, while there are theoretical reasons as to why leukotriene antagonists would be of use in the management of childhood asthma, there is little clinical data on their use in this patient group. Studies with leukotriene antagonists to date have been performed in children with chronic ‘undertreated’ asthma which, under current recommendations, should be treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Furthermore, the magnitude of effect of leukotriene antagonists on lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second of less than 5% better than placebo) and daily symptoms (0.23 puffs per day of B2 agonist less than placebo), while reaching statistical significance, is unlikely to be of clinical significance in children with chronic undertreated asthma. There is, however, good evidence for leukotriene antagonist use in exercise induced asthma in children. We conclude that although leukotriene antagonists may play an important role in the management of childhood asthma in the future, particularly as corticosteroid sparing agents and in exercise induced asthma, clinical data in paediatric asthma is poor.
Therapy with men after sixty: a challenging life phase, by Barry and Emily McCarthy

That Barry and Emily McCarthy have a great deal of wisdom on the topic of male aging unmistakably emerges throughout their book, Therapy with Men After Sixty. Each chapter focuses on a specific asp...
Existential psychotherapy with older adult couples: A five year treatment report

This article outlines an existential approach to marital psychotherapy with older adult couples as well as the four basic existential treatment activities of holding, telling, mastering, and honoring. The results of a descriptive field evaluation report are also presented as well as some brief clinical illustrations of the described treatment approach.
Treatment of acromioclavicular injuries, especially complete acromioclavicular separation.

A schema of treatment of the three types of acromioclavicular injuries, based [See table in the PDF file] on pathological change in each, is presented. Type-I injuries are those with direct trauma to the acromioclavicular joint without significant ligamentous tears or intability. Type-II injuries are those with acromioclavicular ligamentous injury and instability but without disruption of the coracoclavicular ligaments. Type-III injuries are those with complete clavicular instability and disruption of both sets of ligaments. Type-I injuries are treated expectantly when seen early, and when seen late, with acromioclavicular arthritis, they are treated by resection arthroplasty. Expectant treatment is advocated for early Type-II injuries while late symptomatic Type-II separations are treated by resection arthroplasty of the acromioclavicular joint. Those patients with acute and chronic Type-III injuries are treated surgically by a new operation which combines resection arthroplasty of the acromioclavicular joint with fixation of the clavicle in an anatomical position by suture of the acromial end of the shortened coraco-acromial ligaments into the medullary canal of the clavicle. The results in both acute and chronic cases, fifteen in number, have been quite good.
Autogenous onlay grafting for enhancement of extracortical tissue formation over porous-coated segmental replacement prostheses

Background: Prosthetic reconstruction with extracortical bone-bridging is an effective method of limb salvage after resection of a malignant or locally invasive benign bone tumor. Use of cancellous bone graft alone is less effective in achieving extracortical bone-bridging. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of a corticocancellous onlay graft on bone and soft-tissue formation over a porous-coated replacement prosthesis in the mid-diaphyseal region of canine femora. Methods: Bilateral resection of a six-centimeter segment of the femoral diaphysis and reconstruction with a porous-coated segmental prosthesis was performed in six mongrel dogs. In one limb (the experimental side), eight strips of corticocancellous bone were evenly placed around the junctions between the femur and the prosthetic surface. Cancellous bone was placed under and between the strips of cortical bone. No graft was used in the other limb (the control side). The animals were followed for twelve weeks, with sequential assessments of load-bearing and radiographic evaluation. Biomechanical, histological, and microradiographic analyses of the specimens were performed after death. Results: On the control side, load-bearing at four weeks postoperatively was significantly decreased compared with the preoperative value (p < 0.05); no difference in these values could be detected on the experimental side. Both the area of the callus and the contact area between the bone and the prosthetic shoulder were greater on the experimental side (p < 0.05). The mechanical stiffness and the maximum torque at failure of the extracortical bridging tissue across the junction between the bone and the prosthetic shoulder were eighteen (p < 0.007) and five times greater (p < 0.05), respectively, on the experimental side. Conclusions: Extracortical bone-bridging was accomplished with corticocancellous onlay bone-grafting. Without bone-grafting, bone formed only occasionally. Bone-grafting also enhanced the formation of a soft-tissue capsule around the prosthesis.
STORAGE OF SEROTONIN AND SEROTONIN BINDING PROTEIN IN SYNAPTIC VESICLES

We have used the newly introduced method of DeLorenzo & Freedman (1978) for isolating synaptic vesicles to determine if such vesicles contain both serotonin (5-HT) and serotonin binding protein (SBP). Two fractions were obtained. A 55, 000 g fraction was morphologically heterogeneous and contained coated vesicles. A 135, 0000 vesicle (dia. 51.3 nm) fraction was homogeneous in ultra-structure and contained no coated vesicles. The specific activity of SBP in this fraction was much higher than that in the supernatant. Unlike SBP, very little lactic dehydrogenase activity appeared in the 135, 000 g fraction. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed between the polypeptide profiles of soluble proteins extracted from the vesicles and supernatant proteins on SDS gels. Therefore, entrapment of cytosol in the vesicles of the 135, 000 g fraction was minimal. The 5-HT concentration of the 135, 000 g vesicles was 5.5 ng/mg protein and in the supernatant, 11.3 ng/mg protein. The ATP concentration in the 135, 000 g vesicle fraction was only 0.8 ng/mg Pr. Rabbit spinal cords were transected in order to determine if SBP is moved proximo-distally in axons by rapid axonal transport as would be predicted for a constituent of synaptic vesicles. SBP accumulated above the cut at a rate consistent with fast transport (78 mm/day). SBP activity fell caudal to the point of transection and there was no evidence, such as an accumulation below the lesion, that might indicate retrograde transport of SBP. These experiments indicate that SBP is probably synthesized in the cell bodies of serotonergic neurons and some is rapidly transported down axons to be stored in terminals in vesicles.
Users' involvement in clinical audit. A speech to the Partners in Care Conference, Wednesday 1 March 1995; a Conference of the Royal Medical Colleges and the Patients Forum at the Royal College of Physicians, London

Keywords: clinical audit; Clinical Outcomes Group; College of Health consumer audit; user involvement
Persistence of the saddle-node bifurcation for nonlinear systems with slow unmodeled dynamics

This paper investigates the robustness of the saddle-node bifurcation for nonlinear systems under the addition of slow unmodeled dynamics. The robustness is examined in terms of existence and system behavior after bifurcation. Under fairly general conditions, it is shown that if the reduced model of a physical system encounters a saddle-node bifurcation due to a varying parameter, then the original model which includes small unmodeled dynamics will also encounter a saddle-node bifurcation. An error bound is derived between the bifurcation values and the bifurcation points of the reduced model and that of the original model. Furthermore, it is shown that the dynamics after the saddle-node bifurcation of the reduced model and that of the original model are approximately the same. The persistence and non-persistence of saddle-node bifurcations are illustrated by several examples.
Realizable feed-element patterns for multibeam reflector antenna analysis

The radiation pattern of a feed element is approximately described by a simple function (\cos \theta)^{q} . For a given element spacing of the feed array, we give simple formulas for estimating the practical value of q when the element is an open-ended rectangular waveguide, an open-ended circular waveguide, a pyramidal horn, or a cigar antenna.
Infrared thermography of a pump limiter on Macrotor

Infrared thermography in the 2–5 μm wavelength range has been used to observe the surface heating of a pump limiter module in the Macrotor tokamak. Modest temperature rises are attributed to energy deposition by particle fluxes during discharges. Comparison of measured and calculated values indicated that heat loads were determined by module geometry, plasma position, and plasma scrape-off distance. In addition to the gradual, long-term heating of the entire module, rapid (on a time scale < 10−3 s) surface heating and cooling, associated with disruptions, were observed. The time scales were consistent with energy deposition for short times and subsequent thermal conduction to the remainder of the module. As much as 10% of the total plasma energy was deposited on the module during these discharges, with up to approximately one-quarter of the energy deposition occurring during several 100 μs disruptions. Infrared thermography was found to be a valuable real-time diagnostic tool for studying the interaction of the plasma with an in-vessel component.
Secular decline in cranioskeletal size over two millennia of interior central California prehistory: Relation to calcium deficit in the reconstructed diet and demographic stress

An osteometric study of residual rickets (RR) skeletal plasticity has been made of a time-ordered sequence of fifteen series of adult skeleton sets (n=359) from the Great Valley of central California (GV), spanning the three archaeological horizons of California Indian prehistory in this region: Early (EH), Middle (MH) and Late (LH). By least-squares linear regression analysis, a clear and continuous downward trend obtained in cranioskeletal size in both sexes, proceeding from EH to LH in the GV sequence, pari passu with a steady upward trend in the RR-15 score. To ascertain if dietary calcium deficit (CADEF), a known cause of active rickets, can explain the observed secular increase in RR, the aboriginal diet was reconstructed by the diet grid method: CADEF was found to rise from borderline in the EH, to moderate in the MH, to severe in the LH, as the subsistence base shifted gradually away from hunted prey, and storable seed foods—mainly leached acorn meal—became the dominant source of energy. Further regression analysis has shown that the secular upward trend in CADEF is highly correlated with the temporal clines of the GV sequence, directly with the RR-15 score, and inversely with cranioskeletal size: in round numbers, one grade of CADEF brings about a loss of 120 cm3 or 4 per cent in partial skeleton volume. Two biocultural influences—demographic stress (DS) in females, and the less common ‘male nutritional advantage interaction co-factor’ (MNAIC)—modulate the primary bone antitrophic CADEF effect: DS enhancing, MNAIC ameliorating.
Characteristics of IS401, a New Member of the IS3 Family Implicated in Plasmid Rearrangements in Pseudomonas cepacia

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of IS401, an insertion sequence implicated in rearrangements of a 170-kb cryptic plasmid from Pseudomonas cepacia. Our analysis focused on a 4066-bp plasmid fragment containing adjacent copies of IS401 and of IS408, an element reported previously to activate gene expression in P. cepacia. One objective was to determine if an apparent increase in the copy number of IS401 in strains carrying adjacent plasmid copies of these two elements might be due to readthrough transcription of an IS401 transposase gene from an outwardly directed promoter within IS408. This possibility was ruled out by nucleotide sequence analysis of the 4066-bp plasmid fragment, which indicated that the major open reading frames of IS401 were oriented in the direction of IS408. IS401 was 1316 bp in length and had 26-bp terminal inverted repeats flanked by 3-bp direct duplications of adjacent DNA. It was closely related to the IS3 family elements IS51 from P. savastanoi and IS3411 from Escherichia coli. Pertinent features of IS408 are also discussed.
The Remaking of the Chinese Working Class, 1949-1981

It is commonly remarked, and with obvious justification, that the working class did not make the Chinese revolution. An equally justified remark is rarely heard: that the revolution, on the contrary, has made the Chinese working class. This, baldly stated, is the major thesis of this essay. The year 1949 marked a sharp break in the continuity of Chinese working-class history. Not only did it mark the beginning of an unprecedented acceleration in the accumulation of both industrial capital and (new) industrial workers, but it ushered in the beginnings of a rapid transformation of virtually all aspects of working-class existence: the size and type of enterprises that employ workers; how workers are hired, trained, and paid; their job security, social security, and other benefits; how they find housing and buy daily necessities; and how firmly they are attached to their workplaces and the nature of this social tie.
Observations of a grain boundary phase in laser-heat-treated ultrahigh strength low alloy steels

Abstract Thin foil transmission electron microscopy studies of laser-transformation-hardened martensitic microstructures of ultrahigh strength low alloy steels, such as AISI 4340 and 300-M, revealed a grain boundary phase similar to that obtained in conventionally heat-treated and quenched samples but which had a different substructure. This phase essentially contained dislocations. Selected area diffraction patterns coupled with dark field microscopy studies confirmed the absence of other structural features including auto-tempered carbides and twins within this phase. The irregular morphology, the lack of substructural features other than dislocations of this phase and its presence only at the grain boundaries suggest that this phase is a massively transformed ferrite. In contrast, this grain boundary phase had previously been identified as either bainite or “blocky” martensite in conventionally heat-treated and quenched samples.
Abstract 1347: CXCR4 pathway associated with family history of melanoma.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background & Aims: Inherited genetic variants involved in the etiology of melanoma predispose towards elevated risk of disease, but known allele variants only account for a limited fraction of family history-associated melanoma cases. Hence, there is a need to determine contributing allele variants associated with augmented risk and surrogate biomarkers, which can be used to discern family history-associated melanoma. Methods: Using data from the Nurses’ Health Study cohort, family history was defined as having one or more immediate family members diagnosed with melanoma. Secondary confirmation of melanoma cases were reviewed by pathology reports and tumor blocks collected by mail from across the United States. Genomic interrogation was accomplished through evaluating formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 78 primary cutaneous invasive melanoma cases, using expression profiling on either a 6K or whole-genome (24K) Illumina gene chip. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed separately for each batch to determine the differentially enriched pathways and key contributing genes. Results: The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) pathway was consistently up-regulated within cases of familial melanoma in both platforms. Leading edge analysis showed four genes from the CXCR4 pathway, including MAPK1, PLCG1, CRK, and PTK2, were among the core members that contributed to the enrichment of this pathway. There was no association between the enrichment of CXCR4 pathway and NRAS, BRAF status, or Breslow thickness of the primary melanoma cases. Conclusion: We found that the CXCR4 pathway may constitute a novel susceptibility pathway associated with family history of melanoma in first-degree relatives. Citation Format: Wenqing LI, Jiali Han, Hans Widlund, Mick Correll, Yaoyu Wang, John Quackenbush, Martin Mihm, Alvaro Laga Canales, Todd Golub, Yujin Hoshida, David Hunter, George Murphy, Thomas Kupper, Abrar Qureshi. CXCR4 pathway associated with family history of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1347. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1347
Pocket Companion to Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, 17th Edition. Courtney M. Townsend, R. Daniel Beauchamp, B. Mark Evers, Kenneth L. Mattox, editors. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 2005, 1176 pp

Finally, a pocket companion to the Sabiston Textbook of Surgery has been published. This portable handbook covers 75 chapters ranging from surgical principles to anatomy-based systems to surgical subspecialties. It has been designed to complement the newest edition of the full-length textbook to facilitate easy and quick location of more in-depth information on a given topic. The editors have done an excellent job of condensing and organizing important bullets of information from the 17th edition. Tables containing essential information are in abundance, and occasional flow diagrams and illustrations accompany key chapters. Surprising and timely new chapter additions are also present: ‘‘Ultrasound for Surgeons,’’ ‘‘Emerging Technology in Surgery: Informatics, Electronics, and Robotics,’’ and ‘‘The Surgeon s Role in Unconventional Civilian Disasters.’’ Informative, well-designed chapters are the norm. Chapters that we consider especially superb include ‘‘Surgical Complications,’’ ‘‘Morbid Obesity,’’ ‘‘Management of Acute Trauma,’’ ‘‘The Pituitary and Adrenal Glands,’’ ‘‘Small Intestine,’’ and ‘‘Pediatric Surgery.’’ Most of the chapters are very good, but the chapter ‘‘Hernias’’ stands out as an inferior, inadequate section. Hernias are by far the most common entity encountered by the general surgeon, and this chapter is one of the shortest in the book (a mere four pages). We thought this to be the main weakness of the book. The pocket companion has been well designed to fit in a surgical coat pocket, and we found it aesthetically pleasing with bullet points and a generous font size. The book has been designed with the surgical resident in mind: The material of the pages is ideal for underlining important points, and space exists in the margins to jot down extra notes. We believe this book can serve as a useful adjunct to the inhouse surgical resident s armamentarium. To maintain the book s usefulness as a pocket book, illustrations are minimal, so it would behoove the resident to carry a surgical atlas in their other pocket. World J. Surg. 29, 1092 (2005) DOI: 10.1007/s00268-005-1129-z
Photosynthetic Rates of Sun versus Shade Leaves of Hyptis emoryi Torr.

Leaves on a bush of Hyptis emoryi Torr. varied in length from less than 1 cm when development occurred in full sunlight (e.g. 40 Mjoules m−2) to over 7 cm when the total daily solar irradiance was less than 3 Mjoules m−2. The 1-cm sun leaves were 3-fold higher than the 7-cm shade leaves in chlorophyll per unit area, mesophyll thickness, and the internal to external leaf area ratio (Ames/A). The higher Ames/A caused a 1.2-cm leaf to have a 3-fold lower CO2 liquid phase resistance than did a 7.1-cm leaf. Large thin shade leaves captured photosynthetically active radiation effectively (less than 7% passed through), but were not adapted to full sunlight. Specifically, when a 6.9-cm leaf was placed at 910 w m−2 for 30 min, its temperature exceeded that of the air by nearly 8 C. For the common daytime air temperatures above 30 C for this desert shrub, large shade leaves would have temperatures far in excess of that optimum for photosynthesis for H. emoryi, 29 to 32 C.
Compact representations of separable graphs

We consider the problem of representing graphs compactly while supporting queries efficiently. In particular we describe a data structure for representing n-vertex unlabeled graphs that satisfy an O(nc)-separator theorem, c
RNA from unique and repetitive DNA sequences ofHerpesvirus saimiri

Abstract Herpesvirus saimiri DNA contains repetitive DNA at its termini that comprises about 30% of the virion DNA. After labeling late in infection, cytoplasmic RNA derived from these repetitive sequences was found to be below our limits of detection. Less than 1%, if any, of the viral-specific cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNAs contain sequences hybridizable to the isolated repetitive DNA.
Student Perceptions and Experiences Using Jing and Skype in an Accounting Information Systems Class.

The authors examine the use of technology to support students in their learning of practical accounting software applications while taking a traditional on-campus class. Specifically, they look at how Jing and Skype are used to facilitate successful completion of a series of simulations using Netsuite (NetSuite, Inc., San Mateo, CA) accounting software. The authors find that students using the technology support tools experienced higher levels of perceived satisfaction than those who did not, while earning equivalent grades. They conclude that virtual instructor support is equally as effective as in-person support, allowing both the instructor and student more flexibility in how their time is spent.
Chondroid lipoma of the trunk: MRI appearance and pathologic correlation

Chondroid lipoma is a rare tumour of adipose tissue, bearing a strikingly close pathologic resemblance to myxoid liposarcoma and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Unlike these malignant tumours, chondroid lipoma has a non-aggressive behaviour and does not require radical treatment. Although repeatedly reported in the proximal extremities and limb girdles, this rare entity may less frequently be observed in the trunk. We describe the imaging findings of a chondroid lipoma in the trunk and provide a discussion on the radiologic-pathologic correlation and differential diagnosis.
Racial and Gender Attitudes as Predictors of Feminist Activism Among Self-Identified African American Feminists

This study explored the racial and gender attitudes and feminist activism of 100 self-identified African American feminists (50 women and 50 men) to determine (a) whether Black feminists possess weak racial identities due to feminist influences stereotypically associated with White American culture, (b) if Black feminist men share similar gender attitudes, beliefs, and feminist activism levels with Black feminist women, and (c) whether racial and gender identity attitudes predict feminist activism. Multivariate analyses revealed strong racial and feminist identities (measured by the Racial Identity Attitudes Scale-Form B [RIASB] and the Gender Role Journey Scale, respectively) and no significant gender differences. However, Black women reported a wider range of feminist activism than Black men. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that sexual orientation, preference for the label feminist, and high scores on the Gender Role Journey Personal-Professional Activism subscale were important predictors o...
Reaction of H2 with a Binuclear Zirconium Dinitrogen Complex - Evaluation of Theoretical Models and Hybrid Approaches.

Molecular orbital and hybrid ONIOM (both IMOMO and IMOMM) calculations have been carried out on the important reaction of H2 with a binuclear zirconium dinitrogen complex to test the efficacy of several structural models of the ancillary ligand. The complete experimental ligand, PhP(CH2SiMe2NSiMe2CH2)2PPh, in the zirconium complex has been treated at the IMOMM level, while two smaller approximations of the ligand, HP(CH2SiH2NSiH2CH2)2PH and (PH3)2(NH2)2, have received the full molecular orbital treatment. The mechanism of dihydrogen addition has been compared with our earlier study (Basch, Musaev, and Morokuma J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5754−5761). We find that the substituent effects do cause some small changes in both the structures of the complexes studied and the activation energies of the transition structures. However for the most part the potential energy profiles are very similar to our earlier study and lend support to our use of simple theoretical models to represent moderately large experimen...
Otosclerosis in a black child: diagnostic acoustic impedance studies*

Otosclerosis classically describes an osteodystrophic change in the bony labyrinth and stapes footplate, of autosomal dominant inheritance, reported rare under the age of 5, extremely "rare" in the Oriental and Black race, "non-existent" in the American Indian, and with a clinical incidence of 5 per 1000 Caucasians. The differential diagnosis of a non-effusion conductive hearing loss in a child should include otosclerosis, congenital malleus or footplate fixation, tympanosclerotic fixation, congenital cholesteatoma, lysis of the incus long process, Paget's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal artery. Presented is a case report of a 14-year-old black male with bilateral clinical otosclerosis and a persistent stapedial artery. Preoperative multiple-frequency tympanometry and Zwislocki acoustic reactance and resistance analysis demonstrated absence of the "W" resonance pattern on high-frequency tympanometry and the classic friction and stiffness patterns of otosclerotic fixation. Repeat multiple-frequency tympanometry testing post-stapedectomy demonstrated prosthesis articulation. Prosthesis position can be monitored postoperatively by these acoustic impedance studies.
Gastrointestinal infections in the traveling athlete.

Because athletes travel to competitions all over the world, sports medicine providers need to be able to diagnose and treat gastrointestinal infections. Traveler’s diarrhea (TD) is by far the most common gastrointestinal illness. TD is a self-limited condition caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, and it can easily be treated. Nevertheless, there are preventative measures that should be taken to limit the exposure to TD in the first place.
A Utilization of the Selective Inept Experiment for the Structure Elucidation of Oxygenated Chromenes

Abstract A utilization of the selective INEPT experiment in which polarization transfer is effected through the chelated hydroxyl groups is described for the structure elucidation of two isomeric chromene derivatives, drummondin C (1) and isodrummondin C (2) from Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) T. & G.
Analytical and Experimental Assessment of Two Methods of Determining Turbine Efficiency

Theefe ciencyofaturbinemaybecalculatedfrommeasuredtestvariablesbyseveraldifferentmethods.However, the literature does not contain documentation to aid one in determining the preferred efe ciency method for particular test situations. Two methods commonly used for cold aire ow testing of turbines, the thermodynamic and the mechanical methods, were evaluated both experimentally and using uncertainty analysis techniques. The experimental work involved performance testing of a next-generation, compact, high-turning-angle turbine design in which the e ow contained signie cant high-gradient regions. The turbine efe ciency was calculated from the measured test data using both efe ciency methods, and enhanced uncertainty analysis tools were developed to evaluate the efe ciency uncertainty for each method. The efe ciency uncertainty equations were written in a new form to account properly for conceptual bias and correlated bias terms. The results showed that using the form of the equations developed was essential to obtaining the correct efe ciency uncertainty estimates. The efe ciency uncertainty estimates obtained from the analysis then allowed a comparison of the two methods from which conclusions were drawn to guide in determining the preferred efe ciency method for individual applications.
STAGS Developments for Residual Strength Analysis Methods for Metallic Fuselage Structures

A summary of advances in the Structural Analysis of General Shells (STAGS) finite element code for the residual strength analysis of metallic fuselage structures, that were realized through collaboration between the structures group at NASA Langley, and Dr. Charles Rankin is presented. The majority of the advancements described were made in the 1990's under the NASA Airframe Structural Integrity Program (NASIP). Example results from studies that were conducted using the STAGS code to develop improved understanding of the nonlinear response of cracked fuselage structures subjected to combined loads are presented. An integrated residual strength analysis methodology for metallic structure that models crack growth to predict the effect of cracks on structural integrity is demonstrated
Metabolism of cholesterol-4-C14 in bile duct cannulated chicks and rats.

The level of dietary protein influenced the rate of cholesterol-4-C14 catabolism in bile duct cannulated chicks and rats. Animals which had been kept on a high protein diet for 5 weeks excreted cholesterol-4-C14 as bile acids at a faster rate than those on a low protein diet. The presence of dietary cholesterol did not change the rate of cholesterol-4-C14 catabolism at either high or low dietary protein levels. A species difference in the rate of cholesterol catabolism was also noted. Bile duct cannulated chicks excreted an average of only 8 per cent, while bile duct cannulated rats excreted as much as 46 per cent of injected cholesterol-4-C14 in a 72 hour period. It was shown that cannulation of the bile ducts caused a significant decrease in the serum cholesterol and serum β-lipoprotein levels in chicks. Furthermore, the liver cholesterol level did not seem to influence the rate of cholesterol catabolism. Serum cholesterol, especially in the form of low Sf β-lipoproteins, appeared to be used rapidly for the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids.
Water-soluble Semiconducting Nanoparticles for Imaging.

Water-soluble semiconducting nanoparticles are prepared from individually collapsed and cross-linked ABA triblock copolymers and are further modified to carry imaging units and allyl functionalities for postmodification. Ethylene oxide modified polyfluorene forms the center block (B) and is transformed into a telechelic macroinitiator. In a nitroxide-mediated living free radical polymerization, polyacrylate blocks (A) are grown to give the ABA triblock copolymer. Low-temperature benzocyclobutene cross-linking groups are attached to collapse and site-isolate the center block (A). The nanoparticles were further modified by pegylation to enhance the solubility and by catechol groups to provide complexing sites for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reagents such as gadolinium. The reported materials are water-soluble and encompassing fluorescence and MRI to become biocompatible “organic quantum dots” with the possibility to interact actively with biological entities.
Estimation of Direct Runoff in the Thornthwaite Water Balance

Inclusion of direct runoff in water balance analysis makes the analysis more accurate and allows it to reflect important hydrologic effects of land use change such as urbanization. Water balance analysis is conveniently performed on a monthly basis. This paper reports the development of a model of monthly direct runoff consistent with the monthly bookkeeping format. The model was evaluated by comparison with direct runoff estimated by daily calculation using the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method. The comparison employed six stations representing different climatic regions of the contiguous United States and eight values of SCS curve number. The results are statistically significant and produce little error.
Citric acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica: Effect of nitrogen and biomass concentration on yield and productivity

Citric acid yields of Yarrowia lipolytica (NRRL Y-1095) grown on glucose ranged from 0.38–0.77 g/g and were dependent on both biomass and nitrogen concentration (as NH4Cl and yeast extract). Increasing the biomass concentration by 3% (w/v) increased fermentor productivities from 0.6 to 1.22 g citric acid/L h.
Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum following closed chest injury.

Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum following closed chest injury are rare findings, especially when symptoms are delayed for several days and are not assoclated with other related traumatic entities. A case is presented of a 14-year-old boy who developed symptoms of precordial chest pains and splinting two days after sustaining a direct blow to his anterior chest wall. A work-up confirmed free air in the pericardium and mediastinum. He recovered rapidly after a three-day hospital course. The diagnosis was relatively simple, using only thorough physical examination and radiographic techniques. This complication should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sudden onset of cardiorespiratory conditions following trauma.
Autocorrelation, return horizons, and momentum in stock returns

In this study we examine Lewellen’s (Rev Financ Stud 15:533–563 2002) claim that momentum in stock returns is not due to positive autocorrelation as behavioral models suggest. Using portfolio-specific data, we find the autocovariance component of the momentum profit to be negative, suggesting no return continuations. However, we also find that the autocorrelations calculated from short-term (e.g., monthly) returns are quite different from long-horizon (e.g., annual) autocorrelations. While the first-order autocorrelations of 6– and 12-month returns tend to be negative, the autocorrelations across twelve lags in monthly returns of the industry, size, and B/M portfolios are in general positive. Our results show that these portfolios exhibit return continuations when returns are measured on a monthly basis. Therefore, our finding appears to be consistent with the behavioral models, which suggest positive autocorrelation in stock returns.
Factors Affecting Tissue Aluminum Concentration

Elevated concentration of aluminum has been reported in serum, whole blood and tissue samples of patients with renal insufficiency. Evidence incriminating aluminum as a neurotoxin among the dialysis population is strong. The source of this aluminum has not been clearly defined, although both gastrointestinal and parenteral routes may be involved. Data from this laboratory suggest that an effect of parathyroid hormone on tissue aluminum burdens may, in part, explain why only certain patients exposed to high dialysate aluminum develop the dialysis encephalopathy syndrome and the occasional occurrence of this syndrome in the absence of dialysis or increased dialysate aluminum.
Determination of catechins in matcha green tea by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Catechins in green tea are known to have many beneficial health properties. Recently, it has been suggested that matcha has greater potential health benefits than other green teas. Matcha is a special powdered green tea used in the Japanese tea ceremony. However, there has been no investigation to quantitate the catechin intake from matcha compared to common green teas. We have developed a rapid method of analysis of five catechins and caffeine in matcha using micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Results are presented for water and methanol extractions of matcha compared with water extraction of a popular green tea. Using a mg catechin/g of dry leaf comparison, results indicate that the concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) available from drinking matcha is 137 times greater than the amount of EGCG available from China Green Tips green tea, and at least three times higher than the largest literature value for other green teas.