cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pregnant Women's Reasons for and Experiences of Visiting Antiabortion Pregnancy Resource Centers.

Context The primary mission of pregnancy resource centers is to dissuade women from choosing abortion. Reproductive health and rights advocates have asserted that these centers interfere in abortion decision making. However, the reasons pregnant women go to such centers and what they experience while there have not been examined. Methods Between June 2015 and June 2017, in-depth, semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 21 pregnant women who had presented at prenatal care clinics in southern Louisiana and Baltimore, Maryland, and who had visited a pregnancy resource center. Topics covered in the interviews included reasons for visiting a center and the experience of the visit. Transcripts were analyzed first thematically and then using grounded theory. Results Most of the women were low income and had not been considering abortion when they visited a pregnancy resource center. Respondents reported that they had gone to these centers for pregnancy-related services, material goods and social support. They chose these centers because the resources were free, and they were largely satisfied with their experiences. Nonetheless, their receipt of services and goods was limited and often contingent on participation in the centers' activities. Conclusions Pregnancy resource centers play a role in meeting the acute material and social needs of low-income pregnant women. However, the constraints on the resources the centers offer mean that this support cannot be part of a reliable system of care. Advocates and policymakers should take a nuanced approach to regulating these centers and consider the reasons women visit them, especially low-income women.
The Bochner Technique and Weighted Curvatures

In this note we study the Bochner formula on smooth metric measure spaces. We introduce weighted curvature conditions that imply vanishing of all Betti numbers.
Mode of first delivery and postpartum weight retention at 1 year.

Abstract Background The prevalence of obesity in the US has increased markedly in women in their reproductive years over the past 3 decades, partially due to higher rates of postpartum weight retention. This was a prospective cohort study that investigated mode of delivery as an independent risk factor for postpartum weight retention at 1 year postpartum. Methods Data from 2500 first-time mothers, aged 18–35 with singleton pregnancies were included in this analysis. Postpartum weight retention was measured at 1 year after delivery and was defined as weight at 1 year compared to weight just before becoming pregnant. Logistic regression models assessed the association between mode of first delivery and subsequent weight retention of 10 pounds or more, adjusting for key confounders including pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, age, education, poverty status, smoking, race/ethnicity, gestational age, pregnancy complications, breastfeeding and exercise habits during pregnancy and in the first year after delivery. Results At 12 months after delivery the women who had delivered by cesarean were more likely to have a postpartum weight retention of 10 pounds or more (27.9%), than those who had delivered vaginally (22.2%), unadjusted OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.11–1.65, p = .003). Even after controlling for confounding variables, mode of delivery remained significantly associated with postpartum weight retention of 10 pounds or more, adjusted OR 1.30 (95% CI 1.04–1.62, p = .02). Conclusions Cesarean delivery at first childbirth is associated with increased risk of weight retention of 10 pounds or more at 1 year postpartum.
On Impossibility: Finding Vietnam in a Jordanian-Soviet Film Archive

In 2014, an abandoned collection of over 900 16mm and 35mm film canisters was uncovered in a storage locker in Amman, Jordan. Initial findings show that the films were likely exported from Russia t...
Preliminary studies of UV photolysis of gas-phase CH3I in air: Time-resolved infrared identification of methanol and formaldehyde products

Abstract Halogen-bearing compounds are known to photolyze under UV radiation; analysis of degradation products is of interest for both safety and environmental considerations. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy was used in the laboratory to study the UV-photolysis of methyl iodide. Photolysis products methanol (CH3OH) and formaldehyde (HCHO) were clearly identified in a time-resolved manner. Preliminary kinetic models predict the formation of both CH3OH and HCHO.
Nash and Stackelberg Games

In this chapter, we give an introduction to several game-theoretic solution concepts that will be used in this book. The chapter starts by introducing matrix-form strategic games and the concept of Nash equilibrium. We then present extensive-form games and the concept of information sets. Stackelberg games are an important type of extensive-form games. This chapter introduces the structure of the game and the solution concept of Stackelberg equilibrium.
Primary Elections and the Quality of Elected Officials

In this paper we argue that the literature underestimates the value of primaries, because it focuses on overall average effects. The value of primaries is likely to vary across situations. We argue that primary elections are most needed in safe constituencies, where one party's candidate will have a large advantage in the general election -- even if that party's candidate is "low quality". In safe constituencies, it is the dominant party's primary that in most cases determines the winner. Moreover, if the main role of elections is to select good candidates, then primaries in open seat races are particularly consequential. In this paper we show, first, that many voters live in states, counties or congressional districts that are dominated by one party. In fact, this is true for about 60% of all congressional districts. Thus, safe constituencies loom large in the U.S. elections. Second, we present evidence that primary elections are especially competitive for the advantaged party in constituencies where one party has a clear advantage in terms of voter loyalties. Finally, we present evidence that a party's primary elections appear to especially good at selecting "high quality'" types and at punishing poor performance in constituencies where the underlying voter loyalties in the constituency clearly favor that party. Primaries, therefore, appear to be especially valuable when effective two-party competition is lacking.
A Father Figure: The Other Side of Edward J. Latessa

For more than 30 years, I have witnessed Ed Latessa not only in his role as a professor and mentor but also as a father. Although Ed’s contributions as a scholar and applied researcher are apparent...
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein palmitoylation reduces virus infectivity

Spike glycoproteins of almost all enveloped viruses are known to undergo post-translational attachment of palmitic acid moieties. The precise role of such palmitoylation of the spike protein in membrane fusion and infection is not completely understood. Here, we report that palmitoylation of the first five cysteine residues of the c-terminal cysteine-rich domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike are indispensable for infection and palmitoylation deficient spike mutants are defective in trimerization and subsequent membrane fusion. The DHHC9 palmitoyltransferase interacts with and palmitoylates the spike protein in the ER and Golgi, and knockdown of DHHC9 results in reduced fusion and infection of SARS-CoV-2. Two bis-piperazine backbone-based DHHC9 inhibitors inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein palmitoylation and the resulting progeny virion particles released are defective in fusion and infection. This establishes these palmitoyltransferase inhibitors as potential new intervention strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
Effects of Coupled and Uncoupled Bending-Torsion Modes on Twin-Tail Buffet Response

The effects of coupled and uncoupled bending and torsion modes on flexible twin-tail buffet, due to the unsteady vortex breakdown flow of a 76° sharp-edged delta wing, are considered. This multidisciplinary problem is investigated using three sets of equations on a multi-block grid structure. The first set is the unsteady, compressible, Reynolds-averaged, full NavierStokes equations which are used for obtaining the flow-filed vector and the aerodynamic loads on the twin tails. The second set is the aeroelastic equations for coupled and uncoupled bending and torsion modes which are used for obtaining the bending and torsional deflections of the twin tails. The third set is the grid-displacement equations which are used for updating the grid coordinates due to the tail deflections. These sets are sequentially solved accurately in time at each time step. The turbulent model used is the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic model which is modified by Degani and Schiff for cross flow separation. The configuration is pitched at 35° angle of attack and the freestream Mach number and Reynolds number are 0.3 and 1.25 million, respectively. Keeping the twin tails as rigid surfaces, the problem is solved for the initial flow conditions. Next, the problem is solved for the flexible twin tails responses due to the unsteady loads produced by the vortex breakdown flow of the delta-wing leading-edge vortex cores. The configuration is investigated for the effect of coupled and uncoupled bending and torsion modes using two different separation distances of the twin-tail; the inboard and the outboard positions. The computational results are in very good agreement with the experimental data of Washburn, et al.
Toyota drivers' experiences with Dynamic Radar Cruise Control, Pre-Collision System, and Lane-Keeping Assist

Abstract Introduction Advanced crash avoidance and driver assistance technologies potentially can prevent or mitigate many crashes. Previous surveys with drivers have found favorable opinions for many advanced technologies; however, these surveys are not necessarily representative of all drivers or all systems. As the technologies spread throughout the vehicle fleet, it is important to continue studying driver acceptance and use of them. Method This study focused on 2010–2013 Toyota Sienna and Prius models that were equipped with adaptive cruise control, forward collision avoidance, and lane departure warning and prevention (Prius models only). Telephone interviews were conducted in summer 2013 with 183 owners of vehicles with these technologies. Results About 9 in 10 respondents wanted adaptive cruise control and forward collision avoidance on their next vehicle, and 71% wanted lane departure warning/prevention again. Males and females reported some differences in their experiences with the systems; for example, males were more likely to have turned on lane departure warning/prevention than females, and when using this system, males reported more frequent warnings than did females. Relative to older drivers, drivers age 40 and younger were more likely to have seen or heard a forward collision warning. Conclusions Consistent with the results in previous surveys of owners of luxury vehicles, the present survey found that driver acceptance of the technologies was high, although less so for lane departure warning/prevention. Experiences with the Toyota systems differed by driver age and gender to a greater degree than in previous surveys, suggesting that the responses of drivers may begin to differ as crash avoidance technology becomes available on a wider variety of vehicles. Practical application Crash avoidance technologies potentially can prevent or mitigate many crashes, but their success depends in part on driver acceptance. These systems will be effective only to the extent that drivers use them.
Sonic and Ultrasonic Irrigation

Cleaning and shaping of the root canal with the use of irrigants is a fundamental principle of endodontic therapy. However, current research has shown that needle-delivered irrigation, although effective, is unable to clean and disinfect the root canal system as well as an activated irrigant. This chapter reviews the use of ultrasonic, laser, and sonic-activated irrigation to improve the cleaning and disinfecting of the root canal system. A review of the concepts, systems, and mechanisms will be presented as well as review of the pertinent literature to justify the use of activated endodontic irrigants.
ON LAUGHTER AND OTHER SACRIFICES

This paper unfolds a textual history of laughter and sacrifice through an examination of Helene Cixous's figure of Isaac, Caroline Bergvall's doll-centric poetry in Goan Atom, and Hans Bellmer's mutilated dolls. In tracing the genealogy of Isaac from Genesis to Cixous's Deluge to Derrida's Gift of Death, it becomes evident that the role of author as sacrificer is primal and yet always evolving. By following the trace of Isaac, the text survives its own sacrifice; by examining and contrasting Bergvall and Bellmer's work, this paper proposes that this form of sacrificial laughter allows a text to move within and against the Enlightenment tradition of linear narrative.
Protection of Mycobacterium smegmatis from Ethambutol and Streptomycin Inhibition by MgSO(4) and Polyamines.

Polyamines protected Mycobacterium smegmatis from ethambutol inhibition but not from streptomycin inhibition, whereas MgSO4 neutralized growth inhibition by both drugs.
Search Strategies and the Acquisition of Coordination

This chapter synthesizes the extant data on the acquisition of coordination and outlines an approach to examining the exploratory behavior individuals use in mastering the redundant biomechanical degrees of freedom during acquisition of the “form” of movement coordination patterns. A particular focus is the search strategies used to explore and locate stable equilibrium regions in the perceptual-motor work space and the way these strategies relate to the emergent movement form. It is proposed that only a small set of acquisition characteristics may emerge from the search strategies used and that only a small set of search strategies (such as blind, local, and nonlocal) will be identified within and between the equilibrium regions of the work space. Our efforts are oriented toward a theory of skill acquisition that is driven by the learning of the dynamical laws guiding exploratory behavior in the acquisition of skill.
Channel Bed Mobility Downstream from the Elwha Dams, Washington

Dams are a major source of fragmentation and degradation of rivers. Although substantial research has been conducted on the environmental impacts of large structures in the United States, smaller dams have received less attention. This study evaluated the impact of two dams of moderate size, the Elwha Dams, on the downstream channel system using field data collection at river cross-sections. The relationship of average boundary shear stress (τo) to critical shear stress (τcr) served as the basis for determining channel bed material mobility under the two-year and ten-year flood events. The channel had the greatest channel bed mobility at the natural cross-section upstream from the dams, low bed mobility between the structures, and an increase in channel bed mobility in the low gradient river segment near the mouth of the river. Low bed mobility tended to be associated with a lack of channel system complexity, including reduction or loss of bars and low alluvial terraces and their associated young riparian...
Computer generation of isomers

Abstract A computer program is developed for the enumeration of the isomers of polysubstituted compounds with b1 subtituents of the type 1, b2 subtituents of the type 2,.…, bn subtituents of the type n. The procedure is illustrated with octahedral molecules containing 4 kinds of subtituents (such as F, Cl, Br, and I) and the isomers of polysubtituted non-rigid pentane with 4 kinds of subtituents.
Microstructural study of carbon black-polyimide thick films

Abstract A study of carbon black-polyimide films was carried out using transmission electron microscopy. Three different carbon blacks were investigated with carbon content as a variable. Particle porosity and aggregation were examined and related to the electrical resistivity of the films.
Joseph Hergesheimer's Germany: A Radical Art of Surfaces

In the summer of 1931 Joseph Hergesheimer, author of more than a dozen books of fiction, returned to Germany for a visit, his first since 1907. This very American trip is recounted in his Berlin (1932), a forgotten book by a well-nigh forgotten writer.1 It is surely one of the most curious volumes of a literary type which, for all its vigorous and perceptive judgements, is itself something of a curiosity. By now, I suppose, it is a commonplace that the travel book, the elegant bastard of genres, invariably reveals more about the traveller than about the geography he supposedly describes. This is true cer tainly for modern examples which come to mind ? James's The American Scene (1907) or Hemingway's The Green Hills of Africa (1935) or Steinbeck's Travels with Charley (1961). And whatever other defects mar, say, Truman Capote's Local Color (1950) or John Knowles's Double Vision (1964), the failure to impose personality on the scene ? to let voice and stance, even with their inadequacies, shape and experience ? is in large measure the source of our disappointment in those books. Hergesheimer's Berlin does not fail for this reason. Like Local Color, it is mannered, and like Double Vision, it is thin; but it is not merely mannered and thin. To those few readers still familiar with his upholstered historical novels (Java Head, The Three Blac\ Bennys) or his chic contemporary novels (Cytherea, The Party Dress), the personality-dominated scenes in Berlin clearly mark it as a brother to other Hergesheimer works. Indeed, in many
Waiting and lateness: The context, implications, and basic argumentation of Derrida's "awaiting (at) the arrival" (S'attendre à l'arrivée) in Aporias

In Derrida's last book (posthumously published in 2006), L'animal que donc je suis, there is a kind of refrain: “il ne suffit pas de …” (it is not sufficient or enough to . . . ). Derrida utters this refrain in relation to all the discourses on animality and animal suffering found in the Western philosophical tradition. None of these discourses are sufficient. This last book revolves then around the idea of an insufficient (not enough) response. The idea of an insufficient response is not restricted to the problem of animal suffering; it extends to what we must call, following Derrida, “the problem of the worst.” The worst is the end, in the sense of total violence or total suicide: apocalypse. In this essay, I have tried to construct the beginnings of a more sufficient response that urges us to move toward the least amount of violence towards all living beings, while recognizing nevertheless that even this response is not sufficient. The more sufficient response is based on Derrida's transformation of the concept of waiting into being late found in Aporias. This transformation is at the heart of Derrida's thought of the messianic. We are so late in relation to the problem of the apocalypse that we can no longer wait for someone else to come and save us. We are so late that we—there's no one else coming—must take action now.
A Comprehensive Approach to Course Evaluation.

Evaluation is an important phase of course development and improvement efforts. This article discusses a number of problems with current approaches to course evaluation. A broader, more comprehensive approach is recommended, and a checklist illustrating the kinds of issues and questions that need to be considered is presented.
Deconjugation of thyroxine glucuronide by the rat kidney.

Background: Rapid deconjugation of administered thyroxine glucuronide (T4G) to thyroxine (T4) has been observed in human subjects. The goal of this study was to characterize, in the rat, the location and kinetics of this deconjugation process and to identify whether early conjugation of T4 to T4G occurs in the liver. Methods: Normal male rats received intraportal radiolabeled T4 and T4G. Tissues were assayed 1 to 15 minutes after the injection. Results: After T4G injection, assay of the kidneys, and to a lesser extent assay of the liver and plasma, showed presence of considerable T4, the result of deconjugation. In the kidneys, 79 ± 12% (mean ± SD%) of total (T4 + T4G) was in T4 form. In the liver and plasma, T4 was 10 ± 9% and 6 ± 5%, respectively, of the total (T4 + T4G). No significant conjugation of T4 occurred in any of the tissues assayed during this short time period. Secretion in the bile of administered T4G as T4G increased with time. Conclusions: These data, together with the previous observatio...
Three-dimensional reconstruction of transcranial ultrasound images obtained through the temporal bone window using a helmet-mounted mechanical beam-steering device

Transcranial sonography has been an increasingly widespread diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of neural diseases like Parkinson's disease. However, the utilization of modern 3D ultrasound techniques has been hampered by the acoustical barrier of the skull bones. We report the development of and preliminary results from an ultrasound helmet which uses mechanical beam-steering to allow 3-D reconstruction of deep brain structures such as the substantia nigra.
Driving force for surface segregation in bimetallic catalysts

Abstract The catalytic properties of bimetallic clusters are influenced by the detailed structure of the cluster surface. We briefly describe two methods developed to treat this problem, from the computationally demanding corrected effective medium (CEM) theory (a non-self-consistent density functional based method) to the computationally simple method of surface modified pair potentials (SMPP). Parametrization of the latter is accomplished using the former. Comparisons of theoretical predictions with experimental data are made for the heat of formation in Rh x Pt 1− x alloys and for surface segregation behavior in Rh 0.9 Pt 0.1 (111). Results on the shape, site composition and surface micromixing are shown for 201 atom clusters (dispersion of 0.6) and Rh x Pt 1− x (111). A fundamental point follows from the fact that the CEM calculated cohesive energy of Rh is slightly smaller than that of Pt, but the surface energy of Rh is significantly larger: the driving force for surface segregation is the relative surface energies not the relative cohesive energies . In general, one can predict surface energy differences by properly accounting for the variation of the bond energy with coordination.
Synchronization of Tetrahymena cell division by multiple hypoxic shocks

Abstract Six 0.1 per cent oxygen hypoxic shocks have been found to induce a degree of division synchrony in Tetrahymena comparable to that obtained by six hyperthermic shocks. Cells synchronized by six hypoxic shocks are smaller than cells synchronized by repeated temperature elevation.
Blockade of Glutamatergic Transmission in Perirhinal Cortex Impairs Object Recognition Memory in Macaques

The perirhinal cortex (PRc) is essential for visual recognition memory, as shown by electrophysiological recordings and lesion studies in a variety of species. However, relatively little is known about the functional contributions of perirhinal subregions. Here we used a systematic mapping approach to identify the critical subregions of PRc through transient, focal blockade of glutamate receptors by intracerebral infusion of kynurenic acid. Nine macaques were tested for visual recognition memory using the delayed nonmatch-to-sample task. We found that inactivation of medial PRc (consisting of Area 35 together with the medial portion of Area 36), but not lateral PRc (the lateral portion of Area 36), resulted in a significant delay-dependent impairment. Significant impairment was observed with 30 and 60 s delays but not with 10 s delays. The magnitude of impairment fell within the range previously reported after PRc lesions. Furthermore, we identified a restricted area located within the most anterior part of medial PRc as critical for this effect. Moreover, we found that focal blockade of either NMDA receptors by the receptor-specific antagonist AP-7 or AMPA receptors by the receptor-specific antagonist NBQX was sufficient to disrupt object recognition memory. The present study expands the knowledge of the role of PRc in recognition memory by identifying a subregion within this area that is critical for this function. Our results also indicate that, like in the rodent, both NMDA and AMPA-mediated transmission contributes to object recognition memory.
Learning to converse in a foreign language: the reception game

The RECEPTION GAME is an exercise for teaching ordinary social conversational skills to adult foreign language learners who use such skills in their professional work at posts abroad. Of all the tasks carried out in the target language at post, learners claim to experience the most difficulty participating in ordinary social conversation. The properties of ordinary social conversation imply that language learners practice following unpredictable turns in topic, displaying involvement, and producing unplanned speech. Challenges for teaching social conversation lie with classroom interactional patterns whose characteristic turn-taking structure is unlike that of ordinary social conversation. This design for teaching conversational skills-combining elements of simulation and experiential learning-takes into account conversation's rapport-building function, turn-taking mechanisms, and open-ended structure, as well as listening demands for following rapid shifts in topic and displaying understanding and involv...
Radiolabeled streptokinase and urokinase and their comparative biodistribution

Abstract Streptokinase and urokinase were labeled with I-131 and Tc-99m. For iodination the chloramine-T method was used, and Tc-99m labelling was carried out in the presence of stannous ion. Thin layer chromatography and gel filtration showed a high labelling ratio, and autoradiography following immunoelectrophoresis showed the radioactivity over the bands corresponding to the enzymes. One hour tissue distribution study in mice showed the differences in the biological behavior of these radiopharmaceuticals. Clearance studies in dogs showed relatively faster clearance of urokinase with higher urinary excretion compared to streptokinase with minor differences between I-131 and Tc-99m labeled products.
Laser Treatment of Endobronchial Extramedullary Plasmacytoma

A 68-year-old man presented with an endobronchial lesion and was subsequently found to have a plasmacytoma. After systemic involvement with multiple myeloma was ruled out, a diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma was made. The diagnosis and treatment of extramedullary plasmacytoma is discussed with specific attention to the new role of laser therapy in this disease.
Cladding Performance on a Full Scale Test Frame

Abstract The last phase of the recent U.S.‐Japan Cooperative Research Program's full scale steel structure tests concerns the seismic performance of so called “nonstructural” or “extrinsic” elements. Both Japanese and U.S. elements were installed onto the full scale, moment resistant frame; static tests of the frame with cladding and internal elements took place during three weeks of July, 1984 at the Building Research Institute in Tsukuba, Japan. The U.S. side test focused on cladding, and the Japanese side oversaw testing of cladding common to Japanese practice, and internal partitions and ceilings common to both U.S. and Japanese practice. This paper describes findings of U.S. cladding performance tests with regard to values of seismic story drift designated in the Uniform Building Code, and observations of the behavior of Japanese elements.
Exposure assessment by physiologic sampling pump--prediction of minute ventilation using a portable respiratory inductive plethysmograph system.

A study was conducted to evaluate a portable respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) as a means to estimate minute ventilation (E) for use in controlling the flow rate of a physiologic sampling pump (PSP). Specific aims were to: (1) evaluate the ability of the portable RIP system to measure E using a direct (individual) fixed-volume calibration method (Direct RIP model), (2) develop and evaluate the performance of indirect (group) regression models for E prediction using output data from the portable RIP and subject demographic characteristics (Indirect RIP model), and (3) compare E estimates from indirect and direct portable RIP calibration with indirect estimation models published previously. Nine subjects (19–44 years) were divided into calibration (n = 6) and test (n = 3) datasets and performed step-tests on three different days while wearing the portable RIP and breathing through a pneumotachometer (reference). Minute ventilation and portable RIP output including heart rate, breathing rate, and a motion index were recorded simultaneously during the 80 minute sessions. Calibration data were used to develop a regression model for E prediction that was subsequently applied to the test dataset. Direct calibration of the portable RIP system produced highly variable estimates of E (R2 = 0.62, average % error = 15 ± 50) while Indirect RIP model results were highly correlated with the reference (R2 = 0.80–0.88) and estimates of total volume were within 10% of reference values on average. Although developed from a limited dataset, the Indirect RIP model provided an alternative approach to estimation of E and total volume with accuracy comparable to previously published models.
Microinjection of synthetic protein kinase inhibitor into single barnacle muscle fibers before and after cyclic AMP.

Single muscle fibers from the barnacleBalanus nubilus have been used as a preparation to see if a synthetic 20-residue PKI (5-24)-peptide is able to block or reverse the stimulatory response of the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux to injected cAMP. The results obtained show that this peptide behaves as a powerful inhibitor of the cAMP-mediated response and is also able to partially reverse the sustained stimulation of the Na efflux observed in ouabain-poisoned fibers following the injection of subunit A of cholera toxin.
A failure to observe habituation in the human neonate

Abstract Fifteen 1-day-old infants and 15 adults each received a sequence of 150 eyeblink-eliciting taps to the glabella (the flattened region of skin between the eyebrows). For all subjects, taps occurred every 4 s, an interval that was expected to produce a large decrement in response amplitude as trials progressed. Although the adults exhibited this habituation effect, the infants failed to do so: their responses at the end of the tap sequence were as large as at the beginning. Similar differences in the habituation of a startle reflex in immature versus older rats and in the habituation of the gill withdrawal reflex in immature versus older sea slugs (Aplysia) have recently been reported.
Domain Formation in Phosphatidylinositol Monophosphate/Phosphatidylcholine Mixed Vesicles

Phosphoinositides have been shown to control membrane trafficking events by targeting proteins to specific cellular sites, which requires a tight regulation of phosphoinositide generation and turnover as well as a high degree of compartmentalization. To shed light on the processes that lead to the formation of phosphoinositide-enriched microdomains, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylinositol monophosphate (phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI-3P), -4-phosphate (PI-4P), or -5-phosphate (PI-5P)) mixed vesicles were investigated by calorimetric (DSC) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements. The experiments furnished results consistent with a pH-dependent formation of phosphatidylinositol monophosphate-enriched microdomains. The domain formation was most pronounced between pH ≈7 and ≈9.5, whereas slightly acidic pH values (pH 4) resulted in the disintegration of the domains. This pH-dependent phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylinositol monophosphate demixing was observed for the gel phase (FTIR experiments) as well as for the fluid lipid phase (FRET measurements). The observed microdomains are presumably stabilized by hydroxyl/hydroxyl as well as hydroxyl/phosphomonoester and phosphodiester interactions. While the pH dependence of the mutual phosphatidylinositol monophosphate interaction was largely the same for all investigated phosphatidylinositol monophosphates, it turned out that the relative stability of phosphatidylinositol monophosphate-enriched microdomains (pH 7–9.5) was governed by the position of the phosphomonoester group at the inositol ring (PI-4P > PI-5P > PI-3P). Demixing was also observed for phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylinositol mixed vesicles; however, in this case the microdomain formation was only slightly affected by pH changes.
1.1 Computing's energy problem (and what we can do about it)

Our challenge is clear: The drive for performance and the end of voltage scaling have made power, and not the number of transistors, the principal factor limiting further improvements in computing performance. Continuing to scale compute performance will require the creation and effective use of new specialized compute engines, and will require the participation of application experts to be successful. If we play our cards right, and develop the tools that allow our customers to become part of the design process, we will create a new wave of innovative and efficient computing devices.
The Immunologic Role of IFN-γ in ACI to Lewis Kidney Transplantation

Background One of the proposed mechanisms of tolerance induction is the Th-1/Th-2 paradigm. The Th-1 cell is proinflammatory, secreting IFN-γ and IL-2. Conversely, the Th-2 cell is anti-inflammatory, secreting IL-4 and IL-10. In our earlier studies a shift toward Th-2 dominance was required for tolerance induction in this model. Materials and Methods. ACI and Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients, respectively. Twelve hours prior to engraftment, rapamycin 1.5 mg/kg po and cyclosporin 10 mg/kg sc were given, followed by 5 mg/kg sc postop (days 1-7). Lewis rats were used as isografts. Functional allograft tolerance was induced consistently in 100% of the recipients with 50% of the allografts exhibiting normal histology beyond 120 days. Qualitative RT-PCR was performed on the grafts to determine IFN-γ expression with β-actin housekeeping gene as control. Results. IFN-γ was expressed in all untreated allografts (5/5) and all treated, yet rejecting, allografts (4/4). None of the isografts (0/5) or histologically tolerant allografts (0/4) expressed IFN-γ. This distribution was statistically significant (P < 0.001, Fischer's exact test). Conclusion. Our findings support a shift from Th-2 to Th-1 predominance as the corollary mechanism responsible for preventing histologic tolerance.
Optical study of carrier transport in InAs/GaAs quantum dots solar cell

Optical transitions and carrier transport in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots solar cells (QDSC) were investigated via temperature dependent photoluminescence (TDPL) spectroscopy, charge collection efficiency calculated from bias dependent spectral response, and low temperature photo-current measurements. Band structure simulations were used to calculate the tunneling rate and thermal escape rate of electrons in quantum dots under different bias conditions. It is found that, tunneling rate and thermal escape rate of electrons in the quantum dots increase along p-n direction. From TDPL, compared to test structures, ground state electron activation energy decrease 60 meV in QDSC. TDPL also indicates that electrons are the main carriers escaping from the QD confinement if temperature higher than 120K, while holes are the rate limiting carrier if temperature lower than 120K. Charge collection efficiency is greatly improved above the bulk GaAs absorption edge (870nm) under large reverse bias (-4.5V). Low temperature (20K) bias photocurrent shows that ground state carrier can be collected even at 0.7V forward bias. This indicates that hole tunneling may be dominant at low temperature, or electron experiences tunneling then thermal escape.
Altered Regulation of TGF-β1 and TGF-α in Primary Keratinocytes and Papillomas Expressing v-Ha-ras

The influence of an oncogenic v-Ha-ras gene on the expression of TGF-beta and TGF-alpha by mouse keratinocytes and derived tumors has been investigated. Normal mouse keratinocytes cultured as basal cells in 0.05 mM Ca2+ secreted low levels of TGF-beta 2 peptide, and this increased markedly following culture in 1.4 mM Ca2+, retinoic acid, or phorbol esters. In contrast, introduction of a v-Ha-ras gene into normal keratinocytes increased basal expression and secretion of TGF-beta 1 (rather than TGF-beta 2) in response to all three agents. The selective secretion of TGF-beta 1 in v-Ha-ras keratinocytes in response to 1.4 mM Ca2+ occurred even though the four TGF-beta 2 transcripts were induced and the TGF-beta 1 transcript decreased, suggesting that the activated v-Ha-ras gene product regulates expression of the TGF-beta isoforms at the posttranscriptional level. Immunohistochemical analysis of papillomas formed following skin grafting of v-Ha-ras keratinocytes onto nude mice indicated that TGF-beta 1 was abundant in the basal and spinous layers, while there was no expression of TGF-beta 1 in normal skin. In contrast, both normal and neoplastic tissues expressed TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 in the granular layers. Furthermore, TGF-alpha mRNA expression was also elevated fivefold in cultured v-Ha-ras keratinocytes, and TGF-alpha protein was overexpressed in the grafted papillomas, but there was no detectable expression in normal skin. Elevated expression of both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-alpha in the basal and spinous layers of benign tumors may be important for the high proliferation rate in these tumors as well as for increased proliferation in the suprabasal layer.
"But my doctor recommended pot": medical marijuana and the patient-physician relationship.

As the use of medical marijuana expands, it is important to consider its implications for the patient–physician relationship. In Colorado, a small cohort of physicians is recommending marijuana, with 15 physicians registering 49% of all medical marijuana patients and a single physician registering 10% of all patients. Together, they have registered more than 2% of the state to use medical marijuana in the last three years. We are concerned that this dramatic expansion is occurring in a setting rife with conflicts of interest despite insufficient scientific knowledge about marijuana. This system diminishes the patient–physician relationship to the recommendation of a single substance while unburdening physicians of their usual responsibilities to the welfare of their patients.
Random unary predicates: almost sure theories and countable models

Let Un, p be the random unary predicate and Tk be the almost sure first-order theory of Un, p under the linear ordering, where k is a positive integer and n−1/k≪p(n)≪n−1/(k+1). For each k, we give an axiomatization for the theory Tk. We find a model ℳk of Tk of order type roughly that of Zk and show that no other models of Tk exist of smaller size. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 13: 229–248, 1998
Interrole Conflict, Coping Strategies, and Role Satisfaction Among Single and Married Employed Mothers

This study examined the relationship between interrole conflict, coping strategies, satisfaction, and marital status among a select sample of employed black mothers. Single and married black mothers were compared on type of coping strategy used to handle mother and worker role conflicts, and level of satisfaction with mother and worker roles. There was a significant interaction between marital status and coping strategy in their effect on satisfaction with the mother role. Finally, single mothers were significantly more satisfied with their worker roles than married mothers.
GRIP - Grids with intelligent periphery: Control architectures for Grid2050 π

A distributed control and coordination architecture for integrating inherently variable and uncertain generation is presented. The key idea is to distribute the intelligence into the periphery of the grid. This will allow coordination of generation, storage, and adjustable demand on the distribution side of the system and thus reduce the need to build new transmission facilities to accommodate large amounts of renewable generation.
Induction of antioxidants by adriamycin in mouse heart.

Cardiac oxidative injury is a major limiting factor for clinical application of Adriamycin (ADR) in cancer chemotherapy. ADR depresses some antioxidant systems, thereby further enhancing the cardiotoxicity. Previous studies have shown that ADR inhibits the overall synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. It was presumed that the depressed antioxidant activity resulted from the inhibited gene expression. However, there were no experimental data to demonstrate the relationship between the change in antioxidant activities and that in their gene expression. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the effects of ADR on the activities and mRNA abundances of antioxidants in mouse heart. FVB mice (7 weeks old) were treated with ADR (15 mg/kg) by a single i.p. injection. Four days after the treatment, cardiac antioxidant activities and mRNA abundances were measured. The results showed that ADR increased the levels of mRNAs for Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS). On the other hand, ADR increased the activities of catalase and γ-GCS, and slightly decreased total glutathione concentrations in the heart. Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were not changed significantly. In addition, ADR increased both mRNA and protein levels of metallothionein in the heart. The data demonstrate that up-regulation of antioxidant gene expression occurred in response to ADR in the mouse heart, although the antioxidant activities were not all increased.
Multifunctional millimeter-wave radar system for helicopter safety

A multi-featured sensor solution has been developed that enhances the operational safety and functionality of small airborne platforms, representing an invaluable stride toward enabling higher-risk, tactical missions. This paper demonstrates results from a recently developed multi-functional sensor system that integrates a high performance millimeter-wave radar front end, an evidence grid-based integration processing scheme, and the incorporation into a 3D Synthetic Vision System (SVS) display. The front end architecture consists of a w-band real-beam scanning radar that generates a high resolution real-time radar map and operates with an adaptable antenna architecture currently configured with an interferometric capability for target height estimation. The raw sensor data is further processed within an evidence grid-based integration functionality that results in high-resolution maps in the region surrounding the platform. Lastly, the accumulated radar results are displayed in a fully rendered 3D SVS environment integrated with local database information to provide the best representation of the surrounding environment. The integrated system concept will be discussed and initial results from an experimental flight test of this developmental system will be presented. Specifically, the forward-looking operation of the system demonstrates the system's ability to produce high precision terrain mapping with obstacle detection and avoidance capability, showcasing the system's versatility in a true operational environment.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
‘The Argument is Reversible’: Tropological Revision in the Colonial Debate after the Battle at Dogali

This essay analyses a set of Italian critiques of colonialism produced in context of the intense debates after the Battle at Dogali, focusing in particular on an essay by Arcangelo Ghisleri. I contextualize Ghisleri’s work by tracing the discourse thread that used ‘thought’ and ‘ignorance’ in related tropes of group identification in these broader debates. Ghisleri performs an elegant ‘tropological revision’, in which he adopts the thought/ignorance tropes deployed in arguments in favour of colonialism, and then revises and puts them to contrasting political effect in argument against it. In so doing, he calls on several related preceding texts that make similar revisions of the thought/ignorance tropes in race or colonial discourse. I also examine the ways in which Ghisleri renders these tropes self-reflexive. In so doing, Ghisleri lays groundwork for understanding how un-selfconscious uses of synecdoches, metonyms, and metaphors are in themselves problematic in race discourse.
Possible diapirs in the gulf of Elat, Southern Dead Sea rift

Elongate trending diapiric structures occur along faulted rifts in the Gulf of Elat. Those diapirs in the southern part of the Gulf, believed to be of salt origin were formed in the embryonic continental margin during the separation of the Nubian and Arabian plates. The diapirs farther to the north are believed to be of shale origin. These findings support other recent geological evidence suggesting that the tectonic regime in the region is obliquely extensional. Comparison with the structure of the Suez Rift indicates a jump of the northern extension of the Red Sea spreading center during the early Pliocene period.
Stripping analysis of mercury(II) ionic solutions under magneto-hydrodynamic convection.

Abstract Inorganic mercury(II) ions are ubiquitous contaminants of world water systems and thus their determination and removal from the environment are important. The effects of magnetic field on the stripping analysis of mercury(II) ionic solutions have been experimentally investigated. During the stripping analysis, a potential difference is applied across the working and reference electrodes positioned in the working sample and a current density transmits through the electrolyte solution. When the electrochemical cell is exposed to a magnetic field, provided by a permanent magnet, the interaction between the current density and the magnetic field induces Lorentz forces, which, in turn, induce fluid motion. The induced magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) convection enhances the ionic mass transport during the deposition and stripping steps, which leads to larger anodic current during the stripping step, thus obtaining higher detection sensitivity during the determination of the mercury(II) ions. The Hg2+ ionic solutions with concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 1 μM in the presence and absence of supporting electrolyte, 30 mM nitric acid (HNO3) and 0.1 M potassium nitrate (KNO3), under various magnetic flux densities ( B = 0 , 0.27 , 0.53 , and 0.71 T) were measured with a linear sweep stripping voltammetry (LSSV) technique. The experimental results demonstrated that the stripping signals of the Hg2+ ions are enhanced, respectively, more than 10 and 30% in the absence and presence of the supporting electrolyte under a magnetic flux density B = 0.71 T as compared to the cases in the absence of the magnetic field with all other identical conditions.