cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bactericidal killing activities of cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone against Staphylococcus aureus and beta-lactamase-producing strains of Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae in an in vitro infection model.

Cefepime (CP) is a new injectable cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity and stability against common chromosomally and plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases. The bactericidal activities of CP, ceftazidime (CZ), cefotaxime (CTX), and ceftriaxone (CAX) against reference and clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, an isogenic pair of Enterobacter aerogenes strains (wild type and a CZ-resistant derepressed mutant), and a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate possessing a TEM-10 beta-lactamase were investigated in a two-compartment pharmacodynamic in vitro infection model which simulates human pharmacokinetics. An inoculum of approximately 10(6) CFU/ml was used in all model experiments. Antibiotics were administered to simulate the following regimens: CP at 2 g every 12 h (q12h), CZ at 2 g q8h, CTX at 2 g q8h, and CAX at 2 g q24h. Human albumin was added during experiments with CAX and staphylococci to simulate protein binding. Samples were removed at multiple time points over a 48-h period to determine the inoculum size for time-kill curves. Development of resistance was detected by inoculating samples obtained at 0, 24, and 48 h onto antibiotic-containing agar plates. The time to 99.9% killing was used to compare drug regimens. Against staphylococci, the time to bacterial eradication was significantly delayed with CAX-albumin. All regimens had similar activities against the wild-type Enterobacter strain; however, regrowth was noted with CZ, CTX, and CAX against the CZ-resistant strain. There were no differences between the CP, CTX, and CAX regimens against K. pneumoniae. Of interest, no regrowth of any organism was noted with CP. These data indicate that CP has activity against S.aureus and CZ-resistant gram-negative bacilli.
Getting up on the download: college students' motivations for acquiring music via the web

The objective of this study is to understand the gratifications behind music downloading among college students, and examine how the gratifications along with music interest are associated with a variety of downloading-related activities.The results suggest that the process of downloading music files is an entertaining and convenient way to acquire music.The downloading motives were not linked significantly to filesharing (uploading as well as downloading music). However, entertainment/pass time, convenience/economic utility and information-seeking factors and experience were predictors of building a library of music on one's computer. Males reported having more songs stored in their computers than females and were more likely to burn compilation compact discs (CDs) with the music files they downloaded. Affinity for music was not associated significantly with any of the downloading activities examined, but was positively associated with CD purchasing.
A Coding Scheme for Wireless Networks with Multiple Antenna Nodes and No Channel Information

In this paper, we present a coding strategy for wireless relay networks where the relay nodes are small devices with few resources, while the source and sink are equipped with multiple antennas to increase the transmission rate. We assume no channel knowledge at all, and the receiver decodes knowing none of the channel paths. This coding scheme uses distributed space-time coding techniques and is inspired by noncoherent differential space-time coding. It is shown to yield a diversity linear in the minimum number of transmit/receive antennas times the number of relays.
Survival and developmental aberrations in Schistosoma mansoni following the administration of stilbestrol to the hosts.

Schistosoma mansoni developing in mouse hosts subjected to frequent, heavy doses of stilbestrol show five effects: their normal survival rate is much reduced; the parasites for the most part remain in the liver past the time at which they normally migrate to mesenteric veins; both sexes develop to sexual maturity more slowly, if at all; a high proportion of the males have accessory gonadal tissue which probably is mainly ovarian; and the male worms average less than two-thirds as long as controls.
Use of photoselective plastic films to control growth of three perennial salvias

Photoselective greenhouse films offer a non-chemical alternative to regulate plant growth. Plant response to a photoselective plastic film with a red (R) or far-red (FR) absorbing property was tested using the three perennial salvias: Indigo Spires sage (Salvia x ‘Indigo Spires’) (Salvia longispicata Martius Galeotti x Salvia farinacea Benth.), Wine sage (Salvia splendens ‘Van Houttei’ Sell x roenen Schultes), and Mexican sage (Salvia leucantha Cav.). Films were designated A FR (FR light-absorbing film), A R (R light-absorbing film) and control (clear plastic film). Solar light transmitted through the A FR film reduced plant height by 17-36%, depending on the species. This correlated with a reduction in internode length and stem dry weight. Light transmitted through the A R film did not significantly affect plant height, regardless of species. Leaf area was not significantly affected by the A FR or A R film as compared to the control film, regardless of species. Leaf dry weight of plants grown under A FR was reduced for indigo spires sage and Mexican sage but insignificant for wine sage. Flower development (days to flower and flower number) was not significantly affected by the A FR or A R film as compared to the control film, with the exception that flower number of indigo spires sage was reduced when grown under A FR film. These results indicate that compactness of three perennial sages can be achieved by selective reduction of far-red wavelengths from sunlight.
Mechanisms of cough provocation and cough resolution in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Mechanisms of cough provocation and cough resolution in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
What does EPR oximetry with solid particles measure--and how does this relate to other measures of PO2?

The technique of in vivo EPR oximetry has been more widely introduced only recently (Ferrari et al., 1994, Halpern et al., 1994, Swartz et al., 1994). Our laboratory has concentrated on spectroscopy at 1.2GHz, using particulate oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic materials placed at the site (or sites) of interest (Dunn et al., 1995, Gallez et al., 1996, Goda et al., 1996, Goda et al, 1995, Jiang et al., 1995, Liu et al., 1995, Liu et al., 1994a, Liu et al., 1994b, O’Hara et al., 1995a, O’Hara et al., 1995b, Swartz et al., 1992). This form of EPR oximetry has a number of features that seem potentially advantageous for making biologically useful measurements. These features include 1) the capability of making repeated non-invasive measurements from the same site without the need for anesthesia (after the placement of oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic materials at the site (or sites) of interest); 2) high accuracy and sensitivity, especially for lower levels of oxygen; 3) rapid response (seconds); 4) measurements which are not perturbed by factors such as pH, temperature, osmotic strength; 5) a high degree of stability and inertness in biological systems; 6) the availability of the oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic materials in a variety of forms ranging from a slurry of very small particles to a single macroscopic crystal; 7) the calibration is very stable; and 8) there is a very high degree of specificity of the measurements because there usually are no other EPR responsive materials present in sufficient concentrations to affect the measurements. EPR oximetry, of course, also has some potential limitations and uncertainties. These include 1) a certain level of invasiveness; for many uses the particulate oxygen-sensitive paramagnetic materials need to be physically placed at the site(s) of interest 2) availability; at the present time the instrumentation required for these measurements is not yet widely available 3) depth of penetration; the most sensitive approach, using an exciting frequency of I GHz, limits non-invasive measurements to a depth of about 10 mm; and 4) the nature of the parameter that is measured by the technique is not fully understood by many scientists. The purpose of this paper is to address the last question, doing so in a context that relates EPR oximetry to other methods.
Mobility Good for Whom?: Critical Thoughts on Mobile Workforce in the Context of the Creative Class

In the creative class literature, the intrinsic mobility of creative people is arguably a central precondition for the diffusion of innovative know-how as well as innovativeness. Underpinning this contention is the concept that interactions between individuals with high human capital facilitate spillovers and the growth of knowledge. Therefore, mobile workers are the critical conveyance of knowledge and new ideas. This paper, however, argues that, in reality, this seemingly benign concept of mobile workers not only has its own contradictory aspects but also highlights only one side of a continuum. In particular, mobile workers stand on the labor market segmentation where non-fulltime workers are used as buffers with less market power and obtain lower wages. The deepening of the labor market duality considerably undermines the argument that creative workers occupy the high-end of the labor market and are less vulnerable to economic fluctuations. Second, the translation of the high mobility of workers from the view of organizations (firms) means a high turnover rate, a factor that is negatively correlated with innovation. Building on this problem orientation, this paper performs an analysis on the relationship between the employment practice and innovation by using survey data of the digital content industry. The findings show that that unlike the emphasis on the mobility of workers, the stability of creatives matters more for organizational competences and innovation. This paper concludes by discussing the local and regional workforce policies from these findings.
Frontotemporal Brain Sagging Syndrome (FBSS) Due to Minor Head Trauma (P03.212)

Objective: Frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome (FBSS) is a newly recognized disorder characterized by the insidious onset and progression of behavioral and cognitive dysfunction accompanied by headache. It is suspected to be caused by CSF leak, resulting in intracranial hypotension. We present the clinical and imaging data of a patient who suffered a minor head injury and subsequently developed the clinical characteristics of FBSS. Background FBSS is a newly recognized disorder, first described within the past year by Wicklund et al. The syndrome was found in a small subset of patients undergoing workup for behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia who had MRI findings of brain sagging with distortion of the brainstem. It is suspected to be caused by intracranial hypotension due to CSF leak, and it represents a potentially treatable cause of chronic behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. Design/Methods: We report the clinical characteristics of a patient diagnosed with FBSS after initially seeking medical attention for disinhibited behavior and positional headaches, and present the results of a comprehensive literature review. Results: A 46-year-old man suffered a minor head injury by striking the vertex of his head on a wooden beam while quickly climbing stairs. Over the next six weeks, he developed disinhibited behavior, increased irritability and subtle cognitive impairment. He also developed positional headaches, worst upon standing, which became progressively more severe. MRI demonstrated brain sag and pachymeningeal enhancement, with no cerebral atrophy. A lumbar puncture revealed low opening pressure and mildly elevated CSF protein. FBSS was diagnosed, and he was treated with bedrest, fioricet, and aggressive hydration. His symptoms subsequently resolved. Conclusions: FBSS should be considered in patients presenting with behavioral and cognitive dysfunction and positional headaches after a head injury. Treatment directed at CSF leak, including medical therapy or blood patch, may result in resolution of symptoms. Disclosure: Dr. Robeson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blondin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Szekely has nothing to disclose.
Does the OPTN cPRA Calculator Accurately Predict HLA Antigen Frequencies in Pediatric Donors

s S161 Survival after lung transplantation did not differ significantly for patients with pPH, pcPH and Non-PH, and no difference in survival was observed between patients with IpcPH and CpcPH (log-rank P= 0.913). Conclusion: Postcapillary pulmonary hypertension occurred in 11.1% of patients, and was not verified as a risk factor for post-transplant survival whether of isolated or combined type. Patients with diastolic dysfunction and preserved systolic ejection fraction should not be excluded from lung transplantation.
A POWER FLOW APPROACH TO ACTIVE ISOLATION

An active isolation feedback scheme iss developed with the multiple objectives of: 1) preventing base disturbances from affecting the payload, and 2) reducing the effect of vibrations present on the payload from on-board or flanking path disturbances. A simple wave analysis motivates the concept of a vibration "diode", or oneway vibration energy valve, and shows that the desired one-way effect requires two sensors, one of which is inertial. Further analysis with generic mobility descriptions of base, payload and isolator demonstrates that maximizing the power flow from the payload structure requires that no base motion effect the payload (perfect isolation) and that the matched impedance condition exist at the payload interface. A sequential loop closure control architecture is developed. The inner loop is a high gain force feedback that rejects base disturbances, and the outer loop is a low authority structural control. The interface force is servoed to a commanded force in the inner loop with low order, high gain compensation that is achievable because the load sensor has low coupling with flexible modes. The interface motion is then fed back to the commanded force as the outer loop. The motion sensor has high coupling with payload flexible modes making it inappropriate for high gain isolation, but well suited for active damping of the unmodelled flexible payload. This dual sensor feedback attempts to fix the relationship between the power dual variables of force and velocity at the payload interface. The dual sensor feedback isolation is applied to a simple sample problem motivated by the isolation of a reaction wheel assembly on a smallsat.
Hooking them young: Demystifying computer science and technology among underprivileged high school students

This paper examines three different programs to engage refugee, immigrant and underrepresented high school students for a semester-long college campus experience in the field of science, technology and computing. The college is a liberal arts college that values service to the community and is situated in Manchester NH, a refugee resettlement area. The three STEM programs are part of the Access Academy run by the college's center for community engagement. The Access Academy aims to help refugee, immigrant, and underrepresented students graduate high school, and to help them with the college application process. The STEM component is one of the four focus areas of the academy. The goal of the STEM programs is to expose the participants to science, computing, and technology and to broaden their perspective on the importance of these fields in today's world. The paper discusses three different programs: (i) Biodiversity Mapping using GPS technologies; (ii) Computer Construction; and (iii) A Computational Approach to Problem Solving. Surveys, as well as in-depth interviews were used to measure student attitude toward STEM disciplines. Although these were only preliminary surveys, most students seemed to have increased their interest in the STEM fields as well as their interest in pursuing a college degree. These programs were easy to setup and could be replicated at other institution across the country.
Local Buckling of Long-Span Concrete Folded Plates

A simplified method for obtaining the load associated with the onset of local buckling in certain types of long-span end-supported concrete folded plate structures is presented. The method is applicable to structures with length to depth ratios greater than fifteen to one. The method considers the nonlinear material behavior of concrete and is based upon an application of the tangent modulus theory. Numerical examples are given which show that the proposed method yields conservative results when compared with elastic buckling analyses. The question of an appropriate factor of safety against buckling is mentioned and a tentative recommendation made that this be 2.2 when plate width to thickness ratios are less than 64 and the proposed method of analysis is used.
Bird song systems: Evolution

This article presents the vocal and auditory pathways of vocal-learning birds and a hypothesis about their evolution. These pathways control the ability to produce learned song in the few groups of birds that have vocal learning abilities, songbirds, parrots, and hummingbirds. These species have served as model systems to study neural mechanisms of spoken language, for which vocal learning is a critical behavioral substrate. Their vocal pathways are proposed to have evolved out of a preexisting motor pathway.
Graph Theoretic Compressive Sensing Approach for Classification of Global Neurophysiological States from Electroencephalography (EEG) Signals

We present a data fusion framework integrating graph theoretic and compressive sensing (CS) techniques to detect global neurophysiological states using high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. Acute stress induction (and control procedures) were used to elicit distinct states of neurophysiological arousal. We recorded EEG signals (128 channels) from 50 participants under two different states: hand immersion in room temperature water (control condition) or in chilled (~3 °C) water (stress condition). Thereafter, spectral graph theoretic Laplacian eigenvalues were extracted from these high-resolution EEG signals. Subsequently, the CS technique was applied for the classification of acute stress using the Laplacian eigenvalues as features. The proposed method was compared to a support vector machine (SVM) approach using conventional statistical features as inputs. Our results revealed that the proposed graph theoretic compressive sensing approach yielded better classification performance (~90 % F-score) compared to SVM with statistical features (~50 % F-Score). This finding indicates that the spectral graph theoretic compressive sensing approach presented in this work is capable of classifying global neurophysiological arousal with higher fidelity than conventional signal processing techniques.
A dynamic approach for outpatient scheduling.

AbstractAims: Patient no-show is a recurrent problem in medical centers and, in conjunction with cancellation of appointments, often results in loss of productivity and excessive patient time to appointment. The purpose of this study was to develop a dynamic procedure for scheduling patients within an outpatient clinic where patients are expected to have multiple appointments, such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, primary care, and dentistry.Methods: This retrospective study involved the year 2014 de-identified patient records from an outpatient clinic affiliated with a large university hospital. A number of patient characteristics, appointment data, and historical attendance records were examined to determine whether they significantly impacted patients who missed scheduled appointments (no-shows). Patient attendance behaviors over multiple appointments were examined to determine whether their no-show and cancellation patterns differed from one appointment to the next. Decision tree analysis wa...
Practices and Attitudes Regarding Women Undergoing Fertility Preservation: A Survey of the National Physicians Cooperative

Purpose: To describe physician attitudes and variations in oncofertility treatment strategies. Methods: An exploratory online survey administered between December 1, 2014 and January 27, 2015 to 185 members of the National Physicians Cooperative (NPC). Results: Twenty-eight percent (52 of 185) of NPC members responded to the online survey. Fifty percent of respondents were obstetrician-gynecologists working largely in academic medical centers. Thirty-eight percent stated that 14 was the youngest age they felt comfortable performing oocyte retrievals with 35% stating that any age was acceptable as long as they were postpubertal. Short stimulation protocols, utilizing a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (86%), were more common than long stimulation or microdose Lupron flare protocols (23% and 18%), respectively, which utilize a GnRH agonist. Random start protocols were used by 77% and over 90% perform luteal phase starts. When using random start protocols, 64% use gonadotropins only and 32% s...
Praziquantel Interaction with Mammalian Targets in the Spotlight

Chan et al. recently demonstrated that the antischistosomal drug praziquantel has a potent and specific interaction with human 5-HT2B receptors, and that the drug also elicits contraction of mouse mesenteric vasculature apparently mediated by the same receptor subtype We consider what this might mean about the drug's molecular therapeutic targets in both the worm and the host.
Groundwater in Kuwait and the Environmental Factors Affecting its Quality

Abstract The present paper discusses the hydrogeological conditions and groundwater quality of the different aquifers in the main groundwater fields in Kuwait, the groundwater chemical regime and the environmental factors affecting this regime and also the genesis and formation of groundwater mineralization. Three genetic hydrogeochemical zones could be recognized in Kuwait Group and Dammam Limestone aquifers. Hydrogeochemical regime of most usable groundwater proved to be steady in time except for Rawdatain area and some shallow groundwater accumulations. The main factors determing groundwater quality are the climatic conditions, leaching of water-bearing rocks, interaction of meteoric water and both recent and old marine water and cationic exchange between percolating water and aquifer rocks.
Transient Redirection of SVZ Stem Cells to Oligodendrogenesis by FGFR3 Activation Promotes Remyelination.

Summary Stimulating oligodendrocyte (OL) production from endogenous progenitor cells is an important strategy for myelin repair and functional restoration after disease or injury-induced demyelination. Subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells are multipotential, generating neurons and oligodendroglia. The factors that regulate the fate of these stem cells are poorly defined. In this study, we show that genetically increasing fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) activity in adult SVZ stem cells transiently and dramatically redirects their differentiation from the neuronal to the oligodendroglial lineage after pathological demyelination. The increased SVZ-derived oligodendrogenesis leads to improved OL regeneration and myelin repair, not only in the corpus callosum (a normal destination for SVZ-derived oligodendroglial cells), but also in the lower cortical layers. This study identifies FGF signaling as a potent target for improving endogenous SVZ-derived OL regeneration and remyelination.
Nanowire Electronics: From Nanoscale to Macroscale

Semiconductor nanowires have attracted extensive interest as one of the best-defined classes of nanoscale building blocks for the bottom-up assembly of functional electronic and optoelectronic devices over the past two decades. The article provides a comprehensive review of the continuing efforts in exploring semiconductor nanowires for the assembly of functional nanoscale electronics and macroelectronics. Specifically, we start with a brief overview of the synthetic control of various semiconductor nanowires and nanowire heterostructures with precisely controlled physical dimension, chemical composition, heterostructure interface, and electronic properties to define the material foundation for nanowire electronics. We then summarize a series of assembly strategies developed for creating well-ordered nanowire arrays with controlled spatial position, orientation, and density, which are essential for constructing increasingly complex electronic devices and circuits from synthetic semiconductor nanowires. Next, we review the fundamental electronic properties and various single nanowire transistor concepts. Combining the designable electronic properties and controllable assembly approaches, we then discuss a series of nanoscale devices and integrated circuits assembled from nanowire building blocks, as well as a unique design of solution-processable nanowire thin-film transistors for high-performance large-area flexible electronics. Last, we conclude with a brief perspective on the standing challenges and future opportunities.
THE GUIDED TRANSFER OF CARE IMPROVES ADULT CLINIC SHOW RATE.

ABSTRACT Objective: Every year, 500,000 youths in the U.S. with chronic disease turn 18 years of age and eventually require transfer to adult subspecialty care. Evidence-based interventions on the ...
Comprehensive Review of Abdominopelvic Mesenchymal Tumors With Radiologic Pathologic Correlation and Update on Current Treatment Guidelines—Part 2

Soft-tissue sarcomas are a diverse group of rare mesenchymal malignancies accounting for only 1% of all solid adult malignancies. These have been categorized in 12 broad groups by the World Health Organization (WHO) with their recent update in 2013. Majority of them lack specific imaging features serving as imaging conundrums for a radiologist. These are often large masses at presentation as they are asymptomatic or cause vague clinical symptoms. These tumors are challenging for surgeons as well as they find it difficult to achieve complete resection because of complex intra-abdominal anatomy and their close relationship with critical structures. Often, a multidisciplinary approach is required to decide on the most appropriate management for these complex cases so as to provide optimal patient care. Knowledge of the WHO classification, pathologic features, and treatment options available helps the radiologist make a meaningful contribution in multidisciplinary discussions of such cases and overall patient care. Liposarcoma (well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas), leiomyosarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor are the 3 most common primary intra-abdominal sarcomas. In part 1 of this article, general features of soft-tissue sarcomas and some of the common tumors from WHO category 1-4 found in abdomen and pelvis are discussed. Part 2 will focus on common tumors from remainder of the WHO categories.
Combining novel agents with radiotherapy for gynecologic malignancies: beyond the era of cisplatin

Therapeutic strategies combining radiation therapy with novel agents have become an area of intense research focus in oncology and are actively being investigated for a wide range of solid tumors. The mechanism of action of these systemic agents can be stratified into three general categories: (1) enhancement or alteration of the immune system; (2) disruption of DNA damage response mechanisms; and (3) impediment of cellular signaling pathways involving growth, angiogenesis, and hypoxia. Pre-clinical data suggest that radiation therapy has immunogenic qualities and may optimize response to immuno-oncology therapies by priming the immune system, whereas other novel systemic agents can enhance radiosensitivity through augmentation of genomic instability and alteration of central signaling pathways related to growth and survival. Gynecologic cancers in particular have the potential for synergistic response to combination approaches incorporating radiation therapy and novel systemic therapies. Several clinical trials have been proposed to elucidate the efficacy and safety of such approaches. Here we discuss the mechanisms of novel therapies and the rationale for these combination strategies, reviewing the relevant pre-clinical and clinical data. We explore their optimal use with respect to indications, interactions, and potential synergy in combination with radiation therapy and review ongoing trials and active areas of investigation.
KLF7 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by up-regulating ISG expression and maintaining Golgi complex integrity

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with a dismal prognosis. Currently, there is no effective therapy for PDAC, and a detailed molecular and functional evaluation of PDACs is needed to identify and develop better therapeutic strategies. Here we show that the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) is overexpressed in PDACs, and that inhibition of KLF7 blocks PDAC tumor growth and metastasis in cell culture and in mice. KLF7 expression in PDACs can be up-regulated due to activation of a MAP kinase pathway or inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53, two alterations that occur in a large majority of PDACs. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF7 inhibits the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which are necessary for KLF7-mediated PDAC tumor growth and metastasis. KLF7 knockdown also results in the down-regulation of Discs Large MAGUK Scaffold Protein 3 (DLG3), resulting in Golgi complex fragmentation, and reduced protein glycosylation, leading to reduced secretion of cancer-promoting growth factors, such as chemokines. Genetic or pharmacologic activation of Golgi complex fragmentation blocks PDAC growth and metastasis similar to KLF7 inhibition. Our results demonstrate a therapeutically amenable, KLF7-driven pathway that promotes PDAC growth and metastasis by activating ISGs and maintaining Golgi complex integrity.
Correction of Bowleg Deformity in Achondroplasia through Combined Bony Realignment and Lateral Collateral Ligament Tightening.

Introduction Achondroplasia is one of the most common osteochondrodysplasias with an incidence of 1 in 26,000 live births. Bowing of lower limbs can cause significant morbidity in this population. The use of the Ilizarov external fixator to tighten collateral ligaments of the knee in children has not been reported in the literature. We report the technique and early results of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) tightening with correction of genu varum in children with achondroplasia. Materials and methods A retrospective review of children with achondroplasia presenting with bowleg deformity who were treated by corrective osteotomy and LCL tightening was conducted. Between 1998 and 2003, 12 patients (24 limb segments) underwent this procedure and were included in the study. All patients had grade III LCL laxity preoperatively. Pre- and postoperative anteroposterior standing mechanical axis radiographs were evaluated. The final outcome was graded using the grading system of Paley et al. Results All patients had bilateral corrections. The Ilizarov external fixator was used in 10 patients and the Orthofix limb reconstruction system in 2 patients. The bony realignment was achieved through monofocal or bifocal tibial osteotomies. The LCL was tightened in all limb segments using the Paley's type II strategy. The final result was graded as excellent in 20 limb segments and good in 4 limb segments. One patient developed transient common peroneal nerve palsy, four developed grade II pin site infections, and there was premature consolidation of the tibial regenerate in one patient. How to cite this article Kurian BT, Belthur MV, Jones S, et al. Correction of Bowleg Deformity in Achondroplasia through Combined Bony Realignment and Lateral Collateral Ligament Tightening. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2019;14(3):132-138.
Exceptional Cases:Examining Intimate Partner Sexual Assault Cases Cleared by Exceptional Means

Intimate partner sexual assault (IPSA) is possibly the most prevalent, yet underreported, sexual assault in the nation. When reported, disparate responses from the criminal justice system exist, of...
Justifying risk-related standards of capacity via autonomy alone.

The debate over risk-related standards of decisional capacity remains one of the most important and unresolved challenges to our understanding of the demands of informed consent. On one hand, risk-related standards benefit from significant intuitive support. On the other hand, risk-related standards appear to be committed to asymmetrical capacity—a conceptual incoherence. This latter objection can be avoided by holding that risk-related standards are the result of evidential considerations introduced by (i) the reasonable person standard and (ii) the standing assumption that patients have capacity. This evidential approach to justifying risk-related standards of capacity avoids the most significant challenges faced by extant views while grounding risk-related standards in two fairly uncontroversial views in biomedical ethics.
Contact and the 2020 Pandemic: A Poetic Autoethnography

This poetic autoethnography explores aspects of human contact and communication during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. Through a series of poems, the inquiry focuses upon the desire for ordinary int...
Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders in the Athlete

Inflammatory disorders of the heart can lead to significant complications in an athlete if not diagnosed and managed in a timely fashion. The two primary cardiac inflammatory diseases are myocarditis and pericarditis. Both American and European athletic participation guidelines recommend activity restriction until there is resolution of inflammation. However, several gaps in our understanding exist that warrant future investigation to help clinicians best manage athletes. In this chapter, we discuss the diagnoses of inflammatory cardiac disorders, the current athlete participation and return-to-play guidelines, the evidence behind the guidelines, as well as the areas of future research.
Sex bias in surgical research

Abstract Sex bias has been shown to exist in research despite the knowledge that men and women experience disease and respond to treatment differently. It is well established that sex bias in research is prevalent across medical specialties including surgery. Data extrapolation to both sexes despite inadequate female representation in studies ultimately leads to the development of drugs and devices that cause more adverse events in women compared with men. The historical reasons for sex bias in research are multifactorial and include traditional use of male-only subjects as well as misconceptions about the female estrous cycle and concerns of safety in childbearing-aged women. Sex bias still exists today in surgical research and has been demonstrated across multiple surgical specialties from the levels of basic and translational research to clinical research. There are now requirements for sex-inclusive research at the level of funding organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as at the publication level with journals and editors. With these efforts to address sex bias in research and bridge the gap it has created, some progress has been made resulting in better female participation in clinical trials. But sex bias remains an issue especially at the preclinical level and in early phase clinical trials where there is still poor sex matching and sex-based reporting and analysis of data. Translation of research to improve the health of all people will remain limited until these sex-biased practices are abolished.
Why People Go to Psychiatrists

This is the first examination in depth of the reasons and ways that people seek psychiatric help. Viewing contemporary metropolitan life from the standpoint of an experienced social analyst, Charles Kadushin deals with such issues as, why people believe they have emotional problems, what types of problems send them to psychiatrists, how, why, and by whom potential patients are told they are disturbed, why people choose psychiatry over other healing methods, and why many people do not receive treatment from the sources to which they apply.The author develops a new theory of social circles, describing how people move in a network of friends and acquaintances with varying degrees of knowledge of and interest in psychiatry. This factor affects decisions to obtain professional help and also has bearing on the types of problems presented. The study encompasses a wide variety of persons in a complex community environment--New York City, the psychotherapy capital of the world. The basic data were obtained from 1,500 patients in ten psychiatric clinics in three major treatment areas medical, analytic, and religio-psychiatric.The book provides new insights into the motivations of the patients as well as information about their social setting. It is an informative and engrossing work for students and scholars; for sociologists in the areas of medicine and mental health; for psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and social workers actively engaged in treatment and casework; and for all professionals in the community health field.
'Democratic Despotism' and Constitutional Constraint: An Empirical Analysis of Ex Post Facto Claims in State Courts

This Article explores the history of the Ex Post Facto Clause, including the Supreme Court's seminal 1798 decision in Calder v. Bull, and analyzes the results of a survey of ex post facto claims decided in state courts from 1992-2002, the first study to catalog the types of claims generated among the states, and the institutional response of state courts to them. The author provides an overview of the claims resolved in state courts, examining the nature of the laws challenged, how the challenges fared, and the rationales used by courts in their dispositions. Discussion focuses on two abiding sources of confusion in ex post facto jurisprudence: the interpretation of the categories of laws the Calder decision prescribed as being ex post facto, and the ongoing uncertainty over the definition and treatment of laws deemed procedural (as opposed to substantive) in nature. These areas of uncertainty, it is argued, not only inspire confusion among the courts, but also serve to undermine the crucial structural role of the Ex Post Facto Clause itself - intended by the Framers to guard against the potent political forces motivating state legislatures to adopt criminal laws with retroactive effect.
Spin Resistance Evaluation of a Light Airplane

A brief history of stall/spin technology for light general aviation airplanes and proposed criteria to describe desirable characteristics of a spin-resistant airplane are presented. Flight tests of a representative light airplane to evaluate compliance with and usefulness of the criteria are presented. The baseline airplane configuration would not meet the spin resistance criteria. Tests of the airplane with a wing leading edge modification to enhance its spin resistance showed compliance with the proposed criteria.
Prognostic implications of morphology and karyotype in primary myelodysplastic syndromes

Forty-nine patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) were subclassified according to French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group criteria. Eight patients had acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia (AISA), ten had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL), 14 had refractory anemia (RA), nine had refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), and five had refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T); three patients could not be subclassified. The actuarial median survival for patients with AISA or with RA had not been reached at 60 months of follow-up. The median survival times for patients with CMMoL, RAEB, and RAEB-T were 25, 21, and 16 months, respectively. The percentages of patients with each subtype who developed ANLL were none in AISA, 20% in CMMoL, 7% in RA, 56% in RAEB, and 40% in RAEB-T. Patients with CMMoL had a poor prognosis independent of transformation to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), whereas patients with RAEB and RAEB-T had a high incidence of transformation and short survival times. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were present in bone marrow cells from 19 patients at the time of diagnosis, and two others developed an abnormal karyotype at the time of leukemic transformation. The most frequent abnormalities, including initial and evolutionary changes, were trisomy 8 (9 patients), deletion of 5q (4 patients), and deletion of 20q (4 patients). The median survival times were 32 months for patients with an abnormal karyotype, and 48 months for those with a normal karyotype (P = 0.2). Specific chromosomal abnormalities were not associated with particular histologic subtypes; however, a high percentage of patients with RAEB and RAEB-T had an abnormal clone (89% and 80%, respectively). The percentages of patients with clonal abnormalities were 13% for AISA, 20% for CMMoL, and 29% for RA. The MDS transformed to ANLL in 42% of patients with an abnormal karyotype, compared to 10% of those with an initially normal karyotype (P less than .01). Among patients with RA, RAEB, and RAEB-T, the risk of leukemic transformation was confined to those with an abnormal karyotype (P less than .01). Thus, in the present study, morphology and karyotype combined were the best indicators of outcome in patients with MDS.
From expected to unexpected comparisons: Changing the flows of ideas about cities in a postcolonial urban world

Urban geography is breaking free from the bonds of global developmentalist categories and regionalisms as it approaches comparativism. As a result it is becoming possible to place cities everywhere onto some sense of a level playing field, where comparability exists for certain circulations of policies and certain categories of events, processes or phenomena. This essay is an exploration into practically working out the empirical shape of new forms of comparative work. Sometimes changing the flows of ideas in urban studies means bypassing the expected global North comparisons; sometimes changing the flows means reversing them, for South-North comparisons which begin in the South. In this paper, I use two brief thought experiments for thinking through the flows of ideas differently. The first experiment entails developing an understanding of the spatial, social and economic divides of Hartford, Connecticut from African urbanism; the second involves building understandings of urban morphologies from China-Africa urban comparison.
Effects of l-Alanyl-l-Glutamine Ingestion on One-Hour Run Performance

Objective: To examine the efficacy of l-alanyl-l-glutamine ingestion with a commercially available sports drink compared to the sports drink only on time to exhaustion and physiological measures during prolonged endurance exercise.Methods: Twelve endurance-trained men (23.5 ± 3.7 years; 175.5 ± 5.4 cm; 70.7 ± 7.6 kg) performed 4 trials, each consisting of a 1-hour treadmill run at 75% VO2peak followed by a run to exhaustion at 90% VO2peak. One trial consisted of no hydration (NHY), another required ingestion of only a sports drink (ED), and 2 trials required ingestion of a low dose (LD; 300 mg·500 ml−1) and high dose (HD) of l-alanyl-l-glutamine (1 g·500 ml−1) added to the sports drink. During the fluid ingestion trials, 250 ml was consumed every 15 minutes. Plasma glutamine, glucose, electrolytes, and osmolality were measured prior to the run (PRE) and at 30, 45, and 60 minutes. VO2, respiratory quotient (RQ), and heart rate (HR) were measured every 15 minutes.Results: Time to exhaustion was significantl...
Improving memory performance for indirect accesses on SIMD computers

SIMD machines operate more efficiently on a wider range of problems when they have the ability to access memory with both global and local addresses. Recent work has made possible the use of caches for global addresses. This paper examines techniques for employing caches to improve memory accesses with local addresses. Specifically, we examine the improvement from utilizing a cluster-based indirect-only cache. This is a simple extension of the direct-only cache, and yet it improves indirect memory references significantly.
ATP-induced chlorophyll luminescence in isolated spinach chloroplasts

Upon a light-dark transition chloroplasts emit post-illumination luminescence [l] , which is commonly considered to result from the recombination of positive charges (Z’) and negative charges (Q-) at the photosystem II reaction centers [ 1,2] . Stimulation of post-illumination luminescence by a variety of treatments has been reported (for a recent review, see [3]) such as transthylakoidal ApH [4], ApH-reduced, reverse electron flow [S] , salt addition [6], a rapid temperature increase {7], addition of DCMU [8] or dithionite [9]. These treatments have in common, that they either increase the supply of electrons at Q or provide an additional source of activation energy for the recombination reaction (see [31). After light-activation of the latent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), addition of ATP in the dark to isolated chloroplasts leads to formation of a transthylakoidal ApH (see [lo]) and reduction of Q by reverse electron flow [ 11,121. In this report we wish to describe a procedure by which ATP-induced luminescence can be readily
The 2006 Winter Olympics and the Shroud of Turin: A Confluence of Town, Vestment and Media

This study explores the use of a sacred icon – the Shroud of Turin – as a communicative symbol in public relations campaigning by the city of Torino, the Shroud of Turin Diocesan Commission, the Museum Della Sindone and 2006 Winter Olympics’ exclusive global television broadcaster NBC and its US affiliate stations before and during the Olympics in Torino, Italy. In particular, the study examines the extent to which such communicative activity could be considered devotional-promotional in nature. A combination of qualitative methods obtained data on media, state and Church campaigning and its effects. While the Olympics provided an opportunity for these institutions to showcase their “products” on a world stage the extent to which such promotion persuaded tourists, pilgrims and others to travel to Torino – either for the Games in person or virtually - is an open question absent survey, observational and other research although above-normal Museum attendance, a spike in tourism to the region and record cyber-traffic to Olympic and host city websites do suggest certain effects of such campaigning.
Design technique for interpolated flash ADC

Analog-to-digital conversion plays an essential role in all kinds of electronics systems, including signal processing, communications and storage. In particular, interpolated flash ADC has been widely used in high-speed systems requiring very high sampling speed. Obviously, practical ADC design is very challenging, which has been dominated by experiences and trial-and-error skills. This is true to flash ADC designs too where circuit designers have often been puzzled by complex factors between ADC chip performance and its architecture, circuit, device and technological details. As system performance continues advance and market demands intensify rapidly, it is imperative for designers to make quick and rational decisions in ADC designs to balance various design factors. This paper reports a comprehensive design matrix analysis and quantitative design approach for capacitive interpolated flash ADCs aiming to address the design challenges. It describes quantitatively the complex relationship among critical factors including ADC speed, interpolation, stage number, pre-amplifier bandwidth, transistor parasitic effects, transistor size and technology parameters, etc. The quantitative design technique intends to enable designers to make rapid and predictive decisions in flash ADC designs to achieve both trade-offs and performance optimization in practice. Design examples in 90/130nm CMOS are presented.