cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical Model of COVID-19 for lifting non-pharmaceutical interventions

In the present work, we outline a set of coarse-grain analytical models that can be used by decision-makers to bound the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on specific communities with known or estimated social contact structure and to assess the effects of various non-pharmaceutical interventions on slowing the progression of disease spread. This work provides a multi-dimensional view of the problem by examining steady-state and dynamic disease spread using a network-based approach. In addition, Bayesian-based estimation procedures are used to provide a realistic assessment of the severity of outbreaks based on estimates of the average and instantaneous basic reproduction number R0.
For Better or for Worse: Health and Marital Quality during Midlife:

Objective: To examine how changes in health are associated with marital quality over a 20-year period of midlife. Background: The health benefit associated with marriage (compared to non-marriage) ...
Neurotensin: A novel mediator of ovulation?

The midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge initiates a cascade of events within the ovarian follicle which culminates in ovulation. Only mural granulosa cells and theca cells express large numbers of LH receptors, and LH-stimulated paracrine mediators communicate the ovulatory signal within the follicle. Recent reports identified the neuropeptide neurotensin (NTS) as a product of granulosa cells. Here, we demonstrate that granulosa cells were the primary site of NTS expression in macaque ovulatory follicles. Granulosa cell NTS mRNA and protein increased after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, which substitutes for the LH surge. To identify ovulatory actions of NTS, a NTS-neutralizing antibody was injected into preovulatory macaque follicles. hCG administration immediately followed, and ovaries were removed 48 hours later to evaluate ovulatory events. Follicles injected with control IgG ovulated normally. In contrast, 75% of NTS antibody-injected follicles failed to ovulate, containing oocytes trapped within unruptured, hemorrhagic follicles. Serum progesterone was unchanged. Of the three NTS receptors, SORT1 was highly expressed in follicular granulosa, theca, and endothelial cells; NTSR1 and NTSR2 were expressed at lower levels. Excessive blood cells in NTS antibody-injected follicles indicated vascular anomalies, so the response of monkey ovarian endothelial cells to NTS was evaluated in vitro. NTS stimulated endothelial cell migration and capillary sprout formation, consistent with a role for NTS in vascular remodeling associated with ovulation. In summary, we identified NTS as a possible paracrine mediator of ovulation. Further investigation of the NTS synthesis/response pathway may lead to improved treatments for infertility and novel targets for contraception.
Investigation of a dairy farm with a high calf mortality rate

An investigation of the farm described in this report was requested by the owners and the referring veterinarian to attempt to solve an ongoing problem of high calf mortality and various other metabolic diseases affecting the cows in this herd. The nutritional status of the lactating herd was investigated to see if there was any link between the nutrition of the cows and the calf mortality rate. There was not a disease outbreak on the farm at the time of this investigation and specific diagnoses could not be determined, rather it was felt that changes in the management of this herd could help reduce the incidence of disease on the farm.
Fishing for Plastic: EU Targets Marine Pollution

Single-use plastics increasingly are found in every marine area imaginable – frozen in Artic sea ice, stranded on remote island beaches, sunken along the deepest, loneliest places of the ocean floor, and agonizingly obstructing the insides and mercilessly entangling the bodies of hundreds of marine life species. Recognizing the grave implications of plastic litter for the ocean environment, coastal biodiversity, and human health, the European Union (EU) is moving ahead with a robust legislative effort to address plastic marine litter. This article summarizes the EU's recent adoption of the Single-use Plastics Directive as part of the EU's Plastics Strategy and Circular Economy Action Plan.
Within-subject consistency and between-subject variability in Bayesian reasoning strategies.

Abstract It is well known that people tend to perform poorly when asked to determine a posterior probability on the basis of a base rate, true positive rate, and false positive rate. The present experiments assessed the extent to which individual participants nevertheless adopt consistent strategies in these Bayesian reasoning problems, and investigated the nature of these strategies. In two experiments, one laboratory-based and one internet-based, each participant completed 36 problems with factorially manipulated probabilities. Many participants applied consistent strategies involving use of only one of the three probabilities provided in the problem, or additive combination of two of the probabilities. There was, however, substantial variability across participants in which probabilities were taken into account. In the laboratory experiment, participants’ eye movements were tracked as they read the problems. There was evidence of a relationship between information use and attention to a source of information. Participants’ self-assessments of their performance, however, revealed little confidence that the strategies they applied were actually correct. These results suggest that the hypothesis of base rate neglect actually underestimates people’s difficulty with Bayesian reasoning, but also suggest that participants are aware of their ignorance.
THE POET IN THE POEM: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ANNE SEXTON'S 'BRIAR ROSE (SLEEPING BEAUTY)'

Confessional poetry differs in content and style from other types of poetry. Confessional poets present in their works intensely personal life experiences of their own suffering and crises; thus, the content of confessional poetry is a projection and reflection of the author. Ralph J. Mills notes that confessional poetry concerns the “more intimate aspects of life, areas of experience that most of us would instinctively keep from public sight.”1 M. L. Rosenthal indicates that the “private life of the poet himself, especially under stress of psychological crisis, becomes a major theme.”2 The authors of confessional poetry expose highly subjective world-views in the attempt to come to terms with themselves and their reality. The style of confessional poetry allows the author to deal with the subject matter in an unrestrained manner. Robert Phillips comments that “openness of language leads to openness of emotion .... The confessional poets, at the risk of all else, return that which is uniquely human to poetry. Rather than fearing emotion. they make it their stock-in-trade.”3 Confessional poetry reveals the author’s inner-most existential struggles. This unique classification of literature offers an opportunity to uncover and understand the author’s experience within the work.
Changing specificity of neurotransmitter regulation of rapid dendritic remodeling during synaptogenesis

Wiring the developing nervous system requires appropriate contact between presynaptic axons and postsynaptic dendrites. Rapid movements of filopodia-like structures on immature dendrites are thought to facilitate initial synaptogenic contact with axons. Here we show that not only can different forms of neurotransmission regulate dendritic filopodial motility, but they do so in a developmentally regulated manner, suggestive of a specific relationship between the action of a neurotransmitter and the corresponding type of synapse being formed.
Seismic Considerations for Extended Pile Foundations

Current seismic design relies on built-in ductility at strategic locations to cope with any anticipated inelastic demand in the structure at the design level earthquake. A satisfactory response can be ensured by detailing the regions of inelastic deformation for ductility while non-ductile failures in other regions are protected by a hierarchy of strength between competing ductile and non-ductile failures. For bridge structures supported on extended pile-shafts, yielding may occur in the pile at some distance below the ground level depending on the soil condition. Unlike fixed-base columns, bending moment in extended pile-shafts is more gradual due to the distributed resistance of the soil. The lateral restraint provided by the surrounding soil enhances the ultimate compressive strain of the concrete, which in turn increases the ultimate curvature that can be tolerated by the pile. In this paper, a simple model suitable for estimating the lateral stiffness, lateral strength and ductility of the extended p...
Selective Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Exacerbates Erosive Joint Disease

NO is an essential cytotoxic agent in host defense, yet can be autotoxic if overproduced, as evidenced in inflammatory lesions and tissue destruction in experimental arthritis models. Treatment of streptococcal cell wal1-induced arthritis in rats with N:(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a competitive nonspecific inhibitor of both constitutive and inducible isoforms of NO synthase (NOS), prevents intraarticular accumulation of leukocytes, joint swelling, and bone erosion. Because increased inducible NOS (iNOS) expression and NO generation are associated with pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, we investigated whether a selective inhibitor of iNOS, N:-iminoethyl-L-lysine (L-NIL), would have more directed anti-arthritic properties. Whereas both L-NMMA and L-NIL inhibited nitrite production by streptococcal cell wall-stimulated rat mononuclear cells in vitro and systemic treatment of arthritic rats with L-NMMA ablated synovitis, surprisingly L-NIL did not mediate resolution of inflammatory joint lesions. On the contrary, daily administration of L-NIL failed to reduce the acute response and exacerbated the chronic inflammatory response, as reflected by profound tissue destruction and loss of bone and cartilage. Although the number of iNOS-positive cells within the synovium decreased after treatment with L-NIL, immunohistochemical analyses revealed a distinct pattern of endothelial and neuronal NOS expression in the arthritic synovium that was unaffected by the isoform-specific L-NIL treatment. These studies uncover a contribution of the constitutive isoforms of NOS to the evolution of acute and chronic inflammation pathology which may be important in the design of therapeutic agents.
Computing optimal operating condition profiles for fed-batch fermentation of fuel-grade ethanol

This paper investigates optimization of operational strategies of an industrial ethanol fermentation process. One of the challenges associated with this type of process is that most of the measurements are only taken sporadically, thereby, complicating process monitoring and optimization. The one exception to this rule involves temperature measurements, which are readily available. However, existing models used in industry do not include an energy balance and, accordingly, the temperature measurements cannot be used to estimate model parameters. This paper addresses these deficiencies and proposes modifications to an existing ethanol fermentation model. The proposed changes include the derivation of an energy balance, modification of the reaction kinetics to include additional inhibition terms, and also estimation of model parameters from industrial data. The new model is validated against plant data and then used for optimization of the process operations. It is shown that modifications of the input profiles for the cooling rate and the glucoamylase addition can lead to an approximately 10% increase in ethanol yield. These are promising results, even though these findings will ultimately need to be validated during real plant operations.
Third Party Buying: The Trend and the Consequences

The trend toward more buying of health insurance, life insurance, and pension or annuity plans through employers brings up problems of consumer sovereignty , problems of the incentives of service providers, and problems of availability of the services of insurance which are only available through group buying. In order to specify what social indicators would be useful in this area, this paper analyzes the incentive systems for consumers, for service providers, and for employers as they are affected by the trend toward third party buying. It assesses the indicators that are available on the trend, and the literature in health economics which tried to analyze the impact of the trend on the provision of health services and health costs. On this basis, needed social indicators for policy assessment in the area of third party buying are suggested.
Pattern Recognition Using Wigner Distribution Function

The Wigner Distribution Function (WDF) is an excellent tool for characterizing time varying signals. Several approaches have been recently suggested for optical implementation of Wigner Distri-bution Function of signals. In this paper, we report on our simulation efforts to use WDF for signal and image classification. We also relate WDF to other conventional time-frequency representa-tions of a signal such as Ambiguity Function. We develop analytical results quantifying the performance of WDF in detection problems. These analytical results are compared to the experimentally observed results. Signal parameter estimation methods that use WDF are also introduced. Extensions of WDF approach to higher dimensions (as in the case of images) are briefly outlined.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Mike Smith case: A note on high grading in goldfield, Nevada, 1910

(1983). The Mike Smith case: A note on high grading in goldfield, Nevada, 1910. Labor History: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 580-587.
Development and standardization of screening methods for behavioral teratology

Behavioral alterations have been reported following perinatal exposures to a variety of agents. If subtle effects of this type are to be detected and prevented, sensitive and appropriate measures are needed for prospective screening of new compounds. However, studies reported in the literature have used differing exposure regimens, postnatal environmental conditions and behavioral testing procedures thus making it difficult to determine which existing techniques have particular relevance to screening new drugs and chemicals. It is imperative that such techniques be identified or new ones be developed for screening purposes, as the incorporation of behavioral evaluation into regulatory guidelines and protocols is being considered seriously. Before behavioral assessment can become a meaningful aspect of a routine screening system, considerable research and development must occur. The objectives of such a behavioral screen must be defined. Procedural standardization must be included in efforts to identify those methods which: (1) yield reproducible results within and across laboratories; (2) are sensitive to alterations produced by a range of agents; (3) are predictive of effects in man; (4) are cost-efficient. Identification of positive control agents, critical periods for testing and early indicators of behavioral dysfunction is urgently needed. The utility of pharmacologic/environmental challenges in unmasking functional abnormalities, and the possibility of multitesting interactions should be investigated. As the resources necessary to accomplish such a task are enormous, it is imperative that behavioral teratologists from academia, industry and government work together during all phases of such development. Interlaboratory cooperation in standardization, validation and interpretation of test methods and results is especially encouraged.
Enhancement of feeding suppression by PYY3-36 in rats with area postrema ablations

Abstract We investigated suppression of food intake by intraperitoneal (IP) injections of peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) (24, 60, or 150 μg/kg) in rats with ablations of the area postrema (APX) and in controls with sham ablations. In controls, PYY3-36-induced suppression was modest and short-lived, averaging 20% at most and persisting less than 6 h. The highest dose tested (150 μg/kg) was even less effective than were the two lesser doses after 3 h. APX did not diminish the potency of these effects of PYY3-36. In fact, the magnitude of suppression produced by the greatest dose of PYY3-36 in APX rats was significantly greater than in controls and PYY3-36-induced suppression was still present at 24 h.
Ariadne’s thread: hypertext, writing, and the World Wide Web

Examines the concept of hypertext and how it relates to the World Wide Web, along with a discussion of why this is important to librarians. Includes examples of library Web pages and products that take advantage of the medium and some that do not, along with a specific discussion of crafting text, structure and linking for the Web.
Prevalence of urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in a cohort of nuns.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence among a group of nulliparous nuns and to assess risk factors for developing incontinence. METHODS: Information on symptoms of urinary incontinence, as well as medical history and demographic data were obtained from 149 nuns. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was determined, and a logistic regression model was used to estimate the impact of demographic and medical risk factors on the likelihood of incontinence. RESULTS: The mean (± standard deviation) age of our sample of nuns was 68 (±11.7). All but one were white, 96% were postmenopausal, and 25% were taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Their mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 ± 5.6. According to their self-reported symptoms, half the nuns had urinary incontinence. Of these, 22 nuns (30%) had stress incontinence, 18 (24%) had urge incontinence, 26 (35%) had mixed incontinence, and 8 (11%) had urine loss unrelated to stress and urge. More than half the incontinent nuns used sanitary pads for protection. From univariate analyses, statistically significant risk factors for urinary incontinence included BMI, current HRT use, multiple urinary tract infections, hypertension, arthritis, depression, hysterectomy, and previous spinal surgery. From multivariate logistic regression, only BMI, multiple urinary tract infections, and depression remained statistically significant after adjusting for the other variables. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of incontinence in nulliparous, predominantly postmenopausal nuns is similar to rates reported in parous, postmenopausal women. Even in the absence of pelvic floor trauma from childbirth, urine loss is associated with symptoms of stress incontinence more often than with symptoms of urge incontinence.
Risk factors for lung cancer in Iowa women: Implications for prevention

Abstract Background : Multiple risk factors possibly associated with lung cancer were examined as part of a large-scale residential radon case–control study conducted in Iowa between 1994 and 1997. We were particularly interested in stratifying risk factors by smoking status. Relatively little risk factor information is available for Midwestern rural women. Methods : Four hundred thirteen female lung cancer cases and 614 controls aged 40–84, who were residents of their current home for at least 20 years, were included. Risk factors examined included cigarette smoking, passive smoking, occupation, chemical exposure, previous lung disease, family history of cancer, and urban residence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted after adjusting for age, education, and cumulative radon exposure. Results: As expected, active cigarette smoking was the major risk factor for lung cancer. While cessation of smoking was significantly associated with a reduced risk for lung cancer, the risk remained significantly elevated for 25 years. Among all cases, asbestos exposure was a significant risk. Among ex-smokers, pack-year history predominated as the major risk. Among never smokers, a family history of kidney or bladder cancer were significant risk factors (OR=7.34, 95% CI=1.91–28.18; and OR=5.02, 95% CI=1.64–15.39, respectively), as was a history of previous lung disease (OR=2.28, 95% CI=1.24–4.18) and asbestos exposure. No statistically significant increase in lung cancer risk was found for occupation or urban residence. Conclusions : Smoking prevention activities are urgently needed in rural areas of the United States. Relatives of individuals with smoking-related cancers are potentially at increased risk. Genetic risk factors should be more fully investigated in never smokers.
Weight gain prior to entry into a weight-loss intervention study among overweight and obese breast cancer survivors

Purpose Changes in cancer therapy, in addition to changes in obesity prevalence, suggest the need for a current assessment of weight gain patterns following breast cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with weight gain among breast cancer survivors prior to enrolling into a behavioral weight loss intervention.
Esophagectomy for esophageal disruption.

Abstract When esophageal disruption occurs in the presence of preexisting esophageal disease or is associated with sepsis or fluid and electrolyte imbalance, aggressive and definitive therapy often provides the only chance for patient salvage. Twenty-four adults (average age, 59 year) with intrathoracic esophageal perforations underwent esophagectomy: 15, transhiatal esophagectomy without thoracotomy; and 9, transthoracic esophagectomy. Restoration of alimentary continuity with an immediate cervical esophagogastric anastomosis was carried out in 13 patienis. Eleven underwent a cervical or anterior thoracic esophagostomy, and 10 of them had a subsequent colonic (7) or gastric (3) interposition from 4 to 32 weeks (average time, 8.6 weeks) later. The perforations were due to esophageal instrumentation (9 patients), acute caustic ingestion (2), emesis (2), intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomotic disruption (2), and other causes (9). Preexisting esophageal disease in 20 patients included chronic strictures (10 patients), reflux esophagitis (3), esophageal cancer (3), achalasia (2), diffuse spasm (2), and monilial esophagitis (1 patient). Ten patients were operated on within 12 hours after the injury; 3, within 12 to 24 hours; and 11, within three to 45 days (average interval, 6.6 days). There were three hospital deaths (13%). Nineteen of the 21 survivors were able to swallow comfortably until the time of death or latest follow-up. Aggressive diagnosis and aggressive treatment of life-threatening esophageal perforations are advocated. Conservative procedures (repair, diversion, or drainage) for a perforation with preexisting esophageal disease often inflict more morbidity than esophageal resection, which eliminates the perforation, the source of sepsis, and the underlying esophageal disease. The decision to restore alimentary continuity in a single stage must be individualized.
Modeling of thin layer extensional thermoelectric SMA actuators

Abstract As a first step towards the design of a high frequency, high force, large strain shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator, we model, in this work a thermoelectrically cooled thin SMA layer extensional actuator. The SMA is subjected to cyclic phase transition between the martensitic and austenitic phases by alternate heating/cooling, achieved with the thermoelectric Peltier effect of a pair of P/N semiconductors. The effect of a variable actuating load and a constant load applied as boundary conditions, on the SMA actuator, are considered. The thermomechanical boundary value problem involves strongly coupled thermal and mechanical fields. The evolution equations for the field variables are integrated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and the coupling between the fields is accounted for by implementing an iterative scheme. The primary parameters of interest in this work are the frequency response and evolution of the variable load. The performance of the actuator is compared with various commercially available actuators based on energy conversion efficiencies and energy output per unit volume of active material. Results of the analysis indicate that thin SMA layers (≈ 6 μ thick) under partial phase transformation are capable of delivering frequencies of about 30 Hz at peak stresses of about 145 MPa.
Equivalence of certain convex and nonconvex models of spatially modulated structures

The ground states of a certain class of one-dimensional models with a nonconvex interatomic interaction which exhibit spatially modulated structures are proved to be equivalent to those of the Frenkel-Kontorova-type models with a convex interatomic interaction. One of the nonconvex models numerically studied by Marchandet al. belongs to this class, and it turns out to be equivalent to the exactly solvable model with a complete devil's staircase studied by Aubry.
Interactions of molecules with nucleic acids. I. An algorithm to generate nucleic acid structures with an application to the B-DNA structure and a counterclockwise helix.

An algorithm is developed that enables the routine determination of backbone conformations of nucleic acids. All atomic positions including hydrogen are specified in accord with experimental bond lengths and angles but with theoretically determined conformational angles. For two Watson-Crick base pairs at a separation of 3.38 A, and perpendicular to a common helical axis, minimum energy configurations are found for all 10 combinations at helical angles of α ∼ 36°–38°, corresponding to the B-DNA structure with C(2′)-endo sugar puckers. Backbone configurations exist only within the range 35.5° ⩽ α ⩽ 42°, which suggests the origin of the 10-fold helix. Calculated stacking energies for the B-DNA structure increases for each of the clustered groups of base pairs: G·C with G·C, G·C with A·T, and A·T with A·T, and they are in approximate agreement with experimental observations. The counter-clockwise helix is examined, and physically meaningful structures are found only when the helical axes of successive base pairs are disjointed.
Intramolecular vibrational relaxation: electronic relaxation as a probe

Abstract By separating the pure quantum mechanical dephasing of an initial vibrational nonstationary state from irreversible vibrational decay, recent progress in the theory of electronic relaxation processes is immediately utilized to describe various types of intramolecular vibrational relaxation phenomena. The theory is applied to the description of situations involving the presence of both intramolecular vibrational and electronic relaxation, and the case of unimolecular decompositions is briefly discussed.
Temporal changes in interpapillary muscle dynamics as an active indicator of mitral valve and left ventricular interaction in ischemic mitral regurgitation.

Abstract Background Regional subpapillary myocardial hypokinesis may impair lateral reduction in the interpapillary muscle distance (IPMD) from diastole to systole, and adversely affect mitral valve geometry and tethering. Objectives The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of impaired lateral shortening in the interpapillary muscle distance on mitral valve geometry and function in ischemic heart disease. Methods To quantify ventricular size/shape, regional myocardial contraction, lateral shortening of the IPMD, mitral valve geometry, and severity of mitral regurgitation, 67 patients with ischemic heart disease underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and a correlation analysis of measured parameters was performed. The impact of reduced IPMD shortening on mitral valve (dys)function was confirmed in swine and in a physiological computational mitral valve model. Results Lateral shortening of the IPMD from diastole to systole was severely reduced in patients with moderate/severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (9.6 ± 2.8 mm), but preserved in mild IMR (11.5 ± 3.4 mm). Left ventricular size and ejection fraction did not differ between the groups. In swine with subpapillary infarction and impaired IPMD, mitral regurgitation was evident within 1 week, compared to those pigs with a nonpapillary infarction and preserved IPMD. In the controlled computational valve model, IPMD had the maximal impact on regurgitation, and was exacerbated with additional annular dilation. Conclusions By using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in humans, we demonstrated that it is the impairment of lateral shortening between the papillary muscles, and not passive ventricular size, that governs the severity of mitral regurgitation. Loss of lateral shortening of IPMD tethers the leaflet edges and impairs their systolic closure, resulting in mitral regurgitation, even in small ventricles. Understanding the lateral dynamics of ventricular-valve interactions could aid the development of new repair techniques for ischemic mitral regurgitation.
Environment and policy factors shaping global e-commerce diffusion: A cross-country comparison

This article examines the key global, environmental and policy factors that act as determinants of e-commerce diffusion. It is based on systematic comparison of case studies from 10 countries--Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. It finds that B2B e-commerce seems to be driven by global forces, whereas B2C seems to be more of a local phenomenon. A preliminary explanation for this difference is that B2B is driven by global competition and MNCs that "push" e-commerce to their global suppliers, customers, and subsidiaries. This in turn creates pressures on local companies to adopt e-commerce to stay competitive. In contrast, B2C is "pulled" by consumer markets, which are mainly local and therefore divergent. While all consumers desire convenience and low prices, consumer preferences and values, national culture, and distribution systems differ markedly across countries and define differences in local consumer markets. These findings support the tra...
Augmented boiling heat transfer on the wetting-modified three dimensionally-interconnected alumina nano porous surfaces in aqueous polymeric surfactants

Abstract Pool boiling in an aqueous surfactant solution is one of efficient approaches to increase pool boiling performance in nucleate boiling regime since additive polymer surfactants modify interfacial wetting properties between heating surface and fluids. Enhanced wetting increases bubble departure frequency and prevents bubble coalescence. Most pool boiling tests in aqueous surfactant solutions have been carried out on non-porous surfaces (plain surfaces) and heat transfer performances reported were not drastic. In this study, the Alumina Sponge-like Nano Porous Surface (ASNPS) was used as a heating surface in aqueous SDS solutions. The ASNPS’s surface wetting was modified with a hydrophobic Self-Assembly Monolayer (SAM) coating. The wetting-modified ASNPS shows substantial increase in active nucleation sites through three-dimensionally interconnected porous network. Eventually, significant heat transfer enhancement (7.3 times) is achieved due to the combined effects. For bubble motion characterization associated with surfactants, various approaches have been made using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Static Water Contact Angle (SWCA) measurements, and high speed image analysis of liquid impingement.
Selective embolization of a stenotic intrarenal artery for control of hypertension

gery, ed 3, Chicago, 1979, Year Book Medical Publishers, vol II, pp 878-883. 2. Krivit W, Giebink GS, and Lenord A: Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection, Surg Clin North Am 59:223, 1979. 3. Spigos DG, Jonasson O, Mozes M, and Chapek V: Partial splenic embolization (PSE) in the treatment of hypersplenism. Presented at the twenty-sixth annual meeting of the Association of University Radiologists, San Antonio, Texas, May, 1978. 4. Spigos DG, Thanopoulos BD, Sofroniadoy K, Politi K, Drosos CH, and lkkou D: Partial splenic embolization in the treatment of homogyzous thalassemia, Nosokomiaka Chronica (GR) 41:249, 1979. 5. Kricheff lI, Madayar M, and Braunstein P: Transfemoral catheter embolization of cerebral and posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation, Radiology 103:107, t972. 6. Pearson HA: Disorders of the spleen, in Cellis SS, and Kagan BM, editors: Current pediatric therapy, ed 9, Philadelphia, 1980, WB Saunders Company, pp 286-287. 7. Madison FE: Embolic therapy of hypersplenism, Invest Radiol 8:280, 1973 (abstr). 8. Castaneda-Zuniga WR, Hammerschmidt DE, Sanchez R, and Amplatz K: Nonsurgical splenectomy, Am J Roentgenol 129:805, 1977. 9. Wholey MH, Chamorro HA, Rao G, and Chapman W: Splenic infarction and spontaneous rupture of the spleen after therapeutic embolization, Cardiovasc Radiol 1:249, 1978. 10. Young AE: Therapeutic embolization, Br Med J 283:1144, 1981. 11. Brady RD: Glycosyl ceramide lipidoses: Gaucher's disease, in Stanbury JB, Wyngaarden IB, and Fredrickson DS, editors: The metabolic basis of inherited disease, New York, 1978, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., pp 731-746.
Electrostatic Modeling of Surfactant Liquid-Crystalline Aggregates: The Modified Poisson-Boltzmann Equation

A model of liquid-crystalline aggregates is developed to calculate areas per surfactant head group in high-concentration cylindrical and planar geometries. Two free energy contributions, electrostatic and interfacial, are summed to generate the total cell free energy for a range of head-group areas. The modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation (MPBE) including dielectric saturation and hydration energies is used to calculated the electrostatic free energy. A Stern layer is used to prevent counterions at the charged interface, the thickness of which is decreased for large head-group areas to simulate the intercalation of counterions between head groups. The hydration constant was decreased at high surfactant concentration to account for reduced ion hydration as water is depleted. The calculation is performed for a one-dimensional variation of physical properties. Solutions to the MPBE were achieved for higher surface charge densities than previously reported, using a finite difference to estimate the derivatives and solving the resulting nonlinear algebraic equations. The optimized head-group areas for lamellar phase samples are compared to published X-ray data to estimate the extent of ion binding.
CO oxidation on Pt/SiO2 and Pd/SiO2 catalysts: Rapid FTIR transient studies

Abstract Transient studies on the oxidation of CO have been performed over Pd SiO 2 and Pt SiO 2 catalysts using a rapid scan FTIR coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. When a 5% CO(He) mixture was replaced by 5% O 2 (He) at 80 °C, an induction period of about 110 s was observed before the oxidation reaction was initiated. The length of this induction period was observed to decrease sharply with increasing temperature. When a 5% O 2 (He) mixture was replaced by 5% CO(He), the induction periods were almost zero and independent of temperature. The data are explained in terms of a COO 2 reaction model consisting of CO islands with highly reactive boundaries. The reaction occurs preferentially at the periphery of these islands of reactivity.
¿Espectador en acción?: representación e identificación del pueblo/masa en El Chacal de Nahueltoro

El Chacal de Nahueltoro es uno de los ﬁ lmes claves de la cinematografia nacional en general y del llamado Nuevo Cine Chileno en particular. El presente trabajo intenta explorar las contradicciones y tensiones entre la representacion del pueblo y la apelacion al espectador –encarnado a su vez en la imagen de “pueblo” desplegadas en la pelicula. El analisis del concepto de “pueblo” y del rol del espectador cobra mayor complejidad en el contexto de un cine comprometido con el cambio social, que pone en relieve la participacion activa del espectador y su relacion directa con el ﬁ lme
Planar Poincare Chart for predicting the change of polarization state in the elliptical birefringent material

The Planar Poincare Chart has been developed as a complete planar equivalence of the Poincare sphere. The four main parameters of the light wave represented by the chart are drawn separately on two parts, so that any orientation of the optical component can be shown on the chart. The Planar Poincare Chart can be used to graphically design and analyze the polarization dependent components, e.g. to predict the polarization change in the birefringent material. Depending on how the chart is projected, different types of birefringent materials can be investigated. Previously, the chart for linear and circular birefringent materials has been reported. In a more general case, a chart for elliptical birefringent material is developed where the linear and circular cases can be considered as special cases.
Discovering an RC4 anomaly through visualization

Visualization can be an effective means for analyzing security data and teaching students different concepts about various security algorithms. At the Air Force Academy, interactive visualizations are used to teach ciphers to students in a cryptography course. In the course of preparing student visualizations about the RC4 cipher characteristics, an anomaly was discovered in the basic encryption algorithm. This paper describes the anomaly and the process of how it was discovered through visualization.
Indo-Pacific Spiny Lobsters in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History Collected From 1963 To 1981 (Decapoda, Palinuridea)

[Des langoustes indo-pacifiques (Palinuridae) rassemblees au Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center ont ete cataloguees dans les collections de Crustaces de l'United States National Museum of Natural History. Trente-sept echantillons appartenant a 11 especes ont ete recueillis pendant l'Expedition Internationale de l'Ocean Indien et pendant d'autres expeditions dans l'Ocean Pacifique de l'ouest et de l'est. L'habitat et le sexe, la taille et la variation des langoustes provenant de chaque station sont discutes., Des langoustes indo-pacifiques (Palinuridae) rassemblees au Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center ont ete cataloguees dans les collections de Crustaces de l'United States National Museum of Natural History. Trente-sept echantillons appartenant a 11 especes ont ete recueillis pendant l'Expedition Internationale de l'Ocean Indien et pendant d'autres expeditions dans l'Ocean Pacifique de l'ouest et de l'est. L'habitat et le sexe, la taille et la variation des langoustes provenant de chaque station sont discutes.]
Theory of two-electron rearrangement K x-ray transitions

A two-configuration interaction model is developed to account for the branching ratios of the KL/sup n//sub 2/,/sub 3/ radiative electron rearrangement (KL/sup n/ RER) x-ray transitions. The mixing between the quasidegenerate 2p/sup /sup -/m/ and 2s/sup -2/2p/sup /sup -/m+2/ L-shell configurations is considered both for the initial (m = n) and final (m = n + 1) states. The branching ratio is shown to be proportional to the square of the 2p/sup -n-1/ mixing coefficient in the final 2s/sup -1/2p/sup -n/sup +/1/ states for any number of initial 2p vacancies. In cases where both initial- and final-state mixing occurs, the corresponding amplitudes are shown to add destructively. Branching ratios are calculated in LS coupling for Z varying from 10 to 30 by using the multiconfiguration Hartree--Fock method. Calculated ratios are in close accord with available experimental data for Mg, Al, and Si. The validity of the two-configuration interaction model is examined, and it is found that the KL/sup n/ RER transitions are almost entirely due to the 2s--2p quasidegeneracy. The 2s ..-->.. 1s shake down, which has recently been found to be important for two-electron, one-photon K/sup 2/-L/sup 2/ x-ray transitions, isshown to have a negligible influence on the KL/supmore » n/ RER transitions. The large widths of the KL/sup n/ RER lines are attributed to the short lifetime of the 2s/sup -2/2p/sup -n/sup +/1/ final states which decay by L/sub 1//sup 2/-L/sub 1/L/sub 2/,/sub 3/M Coster--Kronig transitions. (AIP)« less
Nonneutral Plasma Science Issues for Heavy Ion Drivers

A review of nonneutral plasma science issues for heavy ion drivers is presented. The requirements on transverse and longitudinal focusing at the target lead to constraints on the 6D phase space. Mechanisms which act to prevent focusability, including emittance growth, space charge and instabilities are discussed. Experiments which have explored and validated our understanding of beam transport and focusability of space-charge dominated heavy ion beams are described.
Stability of Tangential Discontinuities

The MHD stability of tangential discontinuities is first considered. We treat these discontinuities as structured forms rather than as sharp breaks in the magnetic field. An unfamiliar form of the MHD energy principle is applied, and stability is proved provided that there is no fluid flow tangent to the ‘discontinuity’ plane. Perturbations which simply transform the system from one equilibrium to another are neutrally stable. Using comparison theorems we conclude that the observed stability of tangential forms in the solar wind implies near isotropy of the particle pressure in them.
Accelerated Cartesian expansion (ACE) based framework for the rapid evaluation of diffusion, lossy wave, and Klein-Gordon potentials

Diffusion, lossy wave, and Klein-Gordon equations find numerous applications in practical problems across a range of diverse disciplines. The temporal dependence of all three Green's functions are characterized by an infinite tail. This implies that the cost complexity of the spatio-temporal convolutions, associated with evaluating the potentials, scales as ON"s^2N"t^2, where N"s and N"t are the number of spatial and temporal degrees of freedom, respectively. In this paper, we discuss two new methods to rapidly evaluate these spatio-temporal convolutions by exploiting their block-Toeplitz nature within the framework of accelerated Cartesian expansions (ACE). The first scheme identifies a convolution relation in time amongst ACE harmonics and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used for efficient evaluation of these convolutions. The second method exploits the rank deficiency of the ACE translation operators with respect to time and develops a recursive numerical compression scheme for the efficient representation and evaluation of temporal convolutions. It is shown that the cost of both methods scales as O(N"sN"tlog^2N"t). Several numerical results are presented for the diffusion equation to validate the accuracy and efficacy of the fast algorithms developed here.
Edgeworth's conjecture in economies with a continuum of agents and commodities

Abstract This paper contains the following results for economies with infinite dimensional commodity spaces. (i) We establish a core-Walras equivalence theorem for economies with an atomless measure space of agents and with an ordered separable Banach commodity space whose positive cone has a non-empty norm interior. This result includes as a special case the Aumann (1964) and Schmeidler-Hildenbrand [Hildenbrand (1974, p. 33)] finite dimensional theorems. (ii) We provide a counterexample which shows that the above result fails in ordered Banach spaces whose positive cone has an empty interior even if preferences are strictly convex, monotone weakly continuous and initial endowments are strictly positive. (iii) Using the assumption of an ‘extremely desirable commodity’ (which is automatically satisfied whenever preferences are monotone and the positive cone of the commodity space has a non-empty interior), we establish core-Walras equivalence in any arbitrary separable Banach lattice whose positive cone may have an empty (norm) interior.
Anxiolytic effects of nitrous oxide in mice in the light-dark and holeboard exploratory tests

To investigate anxiolytic effects of nitrous oxide (N2O), male mice were tested in two exploratory models--a two-chambered light-dark (L-D) unit and a holeboard. Tests were conducted inside a glovebag through which one of three mixtures of N2O and oxygen (25, 50 and 75% N2O) or room air (RA) was circulated at a flow rate of 10 l/min. The principal findings in the L-D unit were a concentration-related increase in number of interdepartmental transitions and a generalized increase in time spent on the light side. Nitrous oxide effectively elevated transitions in the L-D unit at a lower concentration (25% N2O) than was required to increase locomotor activity in an open field (50% N2O), suggesting that these two measures are at least partially independent; transitions might reflect a specific exploratory component of locomotor behavior. In the holeboard test, a concentration-related increase in number of head dips was observed. Pretreatment with naltrexone-HCl or saline vehicle revealed a contribution by an endogenous opioid-linked locomotor stimulant effect in some measures. A dose-related reversal by flumazenil of 50% N2O-induced shifts in number of head dips and time spent head-dipping implicates a benzodiazepine receptor. Both paradigms, in particular the holeboard, should prove useful in future N2O research.
Comparative Digestive Capacities of Bos taurus and Bos indicus Cattle as affected by Intake of Feed

A COMPARISON of the productivity and efficiency of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle in an environment intermediate to those in which the two species developed was carried out over a 3-year period and reported in 1963 by Howes et al.1. Using these data it is possible to correlate and regress the apparent digestive coefficients with nutrient intakes (Table 1) for the two bovine species.
No more bags and boards: collecting culture and the digital comics marketplace

This essay argues that the growth of the electronic sell-through market for digital comics in the United States – represented particularly by the ComiXology service – signals the end of collecting as the organising logic of American comics culture. In the essay’s first section, I trace how collecting had previously come to shape the comic medium and the consumption culture that supported it. Arguing that the existing scholarship on collecting lacks general applicability to the collecting of comics, I introduce a new theory emphasising the repertoire of consumer–good interactions that make up collecting as a practice. In the following section, I describe and analyse the rise of digital comics services and demonstrate how the translation to digital has disabled most of these interactions. Finally, I draw upon scholar Lawrence Lessig’s concept of code to analyse why digital comics have disabled these interactions and what the disappearance of collecting ultimately means for comics culture.
Debunking some myths about structured and unstructured overlays

We present a comparison of structured and unstructured overlays that decouples overlay topology maintenance from query mechanism. Structured overlays provide efficient support for simple exact-match queries but they constrain overlay topology to achieve this. Unstructured overlays do not constrain overlay topology or query complexity because they use flooding or random walks to discover data. It is commonly believed that structured overlays are more expensive to maintain, that their topology constraints make it harder to exploit heterogeneity, and that they cannot support complex queries efficiently. We performed a detailed comparison study using simulations driven by real-world traces that debunks these widespread myths. We describe techniques that exploit structural constraints to achieve low maintenance overhead and we present a modified neighbour selection algorithm that can exploit heterogeneity effectively. We also describe techniques to perform floods and random walks on structured topologies. These techniques exploit structural constraints to support complex queries with better performance than unstructured overlays.