cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing techniques for millimeter-wave components

Additive manufacturing technology has made significant advances in terms of materials, tolerances, and surface finishes. The technique is becoming more common in science and industry. Since it has proven effective in constructing small parts with fine features, 3D printing is well suited for improving upon the manufacturing processes of millimeter-wave components. This paper explores the approach specifically applied to waveguide components produced using two different additive manufacturing approaches. One is a metal 3D printing process called Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). The other is high resolution stereolithography with metallic plating. Several millimeter-wave corrugated horns were “printed” in an aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) using DMLS, as well using Nickel-plated stereolithography. The testing of the components' electrical performance in terms of losses and radiation patterns at 100 GHz and 170 GHz is promising. Work is also being done to fabricate parts via additive manufacturing techniques in-house at General Atomics.
Simulink Simulation of a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Differential Phase Shift Keying SAW Correlator

This paper presents the simulation results of a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) single SAW based correlator for direct sequence spread spectrum applications. The DPSK modulation format allows for noncoherent data demodulation while the SAW device correlator acts as the despreader. The simulator will be using two parallel correlators and a one data bit delay element, while the saw based system uses two in-line correlators. When implemented on SAW devices, this in-line structure has the advantage of an inherent one data bit delay, lower insertion loss, and less signal distortion than the parallel structure. The DPSK correlator was fabricated first on LiTaO3substrate, and on a (100) cut GaAs substrate with SAW propagation in the 〈110〉 direction. The device autocorrelation function was measured from theLiTaO3and the peak to sidelobe ratio was somewhat lower than expected, and the system performance was not measured. The GaAs system offered good results in terms of despreading (autocorrelation) and in terms of data demodulation. This simulation generates autocorrelation predictions as well as data demodulation. This paper presents computer simulation predictions and compares them to experimental results from the devices built on the GaAs substrate. The computer simulation predictions were in good agreement with experimental results.
Beyond Weber: Law and Leadership in an Institutionally Fragile World

To explore the intricate association between law and conceptions of leadership, this paper offers a variety of examples relevant to how leadership plays out in law-related settings. It then advances three arguments about the relationship between law and leadership. First, the study of leadership in legal settings benefits from an understanding of the tangled relationships between discretion and leadership, and also between (nominally analytically distinct) projects focused on the descriptive and prescriptive properties of leadership. Second, Max Weber’s prescient analysis of authority in the modern bureaucratic state offers a powerful framework for analyzing core features of leadership in law-related contexts. Finally, despite the value of Weber’s approach to politics and authority, his account tends to underplay certain further aspects of leadership—how careful dealmaking can hold together fragile coalitions, for example, or how leaders trusted by their audiences can coax those audiences to reimagine the very nature of their interests. Important as it is to understand Weber’s indispensable triad of bureaucratic authority, tradition, and charisma, these additional elements convey a more telling, dynamic story describing how leaders and law influence each other, and therefore society, in a world of institutions that depend on leadership to function.
Thiophene-Extended Nickel Thiazoledithiolene: π-Extended Fused-Ring Metal Dithiolenes with Stabilized Frontier Orbitals

The preparation of tetrabutylammonium bis[2-(2-thienyl)-4,5-thiazoledithiolato]nickelate(1–) is presented as the first example of a new family of π-extended fused-ring metal dithiolenes. The optical, electronic, and structural properties of this complex have been characterized by UV/Vis-NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography. Comparison of these properties to the analogous nickel thiophenedithiolene shows that incorporation of nitrogen into the fused ring stabilizes the frontier orbitals of the thiazole-based complex, while preserving the planar geometry, electronic delocalization, and low-energy NIR absorption of the previous thiophene-based species.
ADHD Presentation and Alcohol Use Among Juvenile Offenders: A Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach

ABSTRACTWhile research has consistently identified attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a risk factor for alcohol use in adolescence, there has yet to be an examination of how the multiple presentations of the disorder may differentially predict alcohol use. Some have posited that the individual symptom clusters of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may actually represent distinct and unrelated disorders, providing impetus for examining whether or not they differentially predict alcohol use. Low self-control has consistently been found to be a predictor of alcohol use; therefore it is expected to be the driving force behind ADHD's predictive power for understanding alcohol use. Using the Pathways to Desistance data, this research sought to examine the relevance of this symptom cluster for understanding alcohol use among juvenile offenders. Utilizing group-based trajectory modeling, six alcohol use trajectories across adolescence were identified among the sample of juvenile offenders. M...
A Festival for Frustrated Egos: The Rise of Trump from an Early Frankfurt School Critical Theory Perspective

This chapter combines the insights of Sigmund Freud and Theodor W. Adorno to explain some of the psychoanalytic mechanisms that contributed to a scenario where people voted for a leader who undermines their very existence. Trump successfully exploited feelings of failure of the millions of Americans who have not been able to live up to the liberal capitalist ideology of success. By replacing their ego ideal with that of their leader, Trump voters could get rid of the frustration and discontent that are generated by such an ideology. The people “fell in love” with Trump, because he provided them with the illusion that they “can become great again”. Moreover, by lifting moral restrictions to being openly classist, racist and sexist, Trump generated a permanent festival where the American people can feel themselves as being better than classed, raced and gendered Others, and thus satisfied with themselves again.
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is characterized by a disruption of the nocturnal fast with episodes of disordered feeding after an arousal from sleep. The dysfunctional eating often occurs in the setting of sedative–hypnotic medications, in particular the widely prescribed benzodiazepine receptor agonists such as zolpidem, inducing varying degrees of diminished consciousness. SRED is recognized as a parasomnia and is associated with other sleep disorders. SRED may in part be a nonmotor manifestation of restless legs syndrome. While treatment trials are still in their infancy, reports suggest that either dopaminergic agents or the antiseizure agent topiramate may be effective therapy.
Reprocessing of Commingled Polymers and Recycling of Polymer Blends

Out of the three methods of plastic waste recycling, that is, polymer recycling, feedstock recycling, and energy recovery, the former is the most desirable. The polymer recycling usually involves: segregation, washing, shredding and extruding. During melt-extrusion, the material undergoes devolatilization, stabilization, compatibilization, alloying, filtering and pelletization. The ABC of the polymer recycling technology, the alloying, blending, and compounding, is summarized in three parts: (i) The physics and chemistry of polymer blending, (ii) Compounding and processing of polymer blends, and (iii) Polymer blends’ recycling.
THE GENESIS OF COMPLEX SENTENCES

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the genesis of complex sentences. There are a number of alternative observationally equivalent descriptions or analyses of these utterances that may turn out to be preferable for one reason or another. As an alternative to a structural or performance oriented explanation, the possibility that the observed distribution results from what children of that age talk about, that is, general exigencies of communication rather than as a gap in their knowledge of English syntax can be looked into. The distribution of relative clauses is dependent on that of names and pronouns—an extensive use of names and pronouns in an environment precludes or reduces the observation of relatives in that environment.
Diagnosis and Assessment of Autistic Adolescents and Adults

In 1983, Dr. Eric Schopler asked whether an adolescent or adult could have autism. Following that question he wrote: When that question was asked one or two decades ago, most people familiar with the term ‘autism’ would have said ‘Certainly not.’ They had heard of Leo Kanner’s work (Kanner, 1943). He had used the term ‘infantile autism.’ It meant a psychiatric disorder of early childhood including severe disturbances of human relationships, speech, communication, and cognitive functions. It also involved all kinds of behavior problems, including repetitive behaviors and resistance to their change. According to that definition the only way the diagnosis could be made for an adult was retroactively, from a person’s early history. But if you met an adult whose early history you did not know, most people had no idea what characteristics and current behaviors might be expected to make up the diagnosis of autism.
A Case of Teacher–Assistant Principals: Spanning the Boundary Between Administration and Faculty Through Re-emergent Practices in Teacher Leadership

Increasingly, teacher leaders are being asked to undertake administrative practices, particularly around instructional policy implementation. Yet little is known about this approach to teacher lead...
Avoiding the zero-coercivity anomaly in first order reversal curves: FORC+

In conventional FORC (First Order Reversal Curve) analysis of a magnetic system, reversible and low-coercivity irreversible materials are treated as being qualitatively different: the FORC distribu...
Hacer sonar la tradición a través de las fronteras: la popularidad transnacional de Ramón Ayala, ícono de la autenticidad fronteriza en la música norteña

La carrera del acordeonista y lider de banda musical, Ramon Ayala, abarca mas de 50 anos de labor como arquitecto pionero de la musica nortena, el popular genero mexicano / mexico-americano del siglo xx. A diferencia de Los Tigres del Norte (su rival mas visible en California), Ayala apenas cuenta con el apoyo de medios de comunicacion y de grandes disqueras, casi no recibe atencion periodistica ni academica, y reside en un poblado rural fronterizo de Texas. En este ensayo sostengo que la colaboracion formativa de Ayala con el cantante y compositor Cornelio Reyna, en el duo arquetipico norteno Los Relampagos del Norte, dio como resultado innovaciones clave que modernizaron y transformaron una tradicion popular regional en un fenomeno de la musica popular transnacional. Examino como Ayala construyo una “imagen de autor” definida por una identidad regional rural, de clase trabajadora, conservadora, hipermasculina y formada por la ciudadania bicultural y binacional de la frontera. La popularidad sostenida de Ayala y su autenticidad “mexicana” percibida desafian las tendencias ideologicas actuales en la industria “Regional Mexican”, en gran parte urbana e impulsada por un cambio generacional hacia los narcocorridos, las letras violentas y las imagenes hipersexualizadas de lo rural. Accordionist and bandleader Ramon Ayala’s career spans over 50 years as a pioneering architect of musica nortena, the popular Mexican/Mexican American genre of the 20th century. Unlike Los Tigres del Norte (his more visible California-based rival) Ayala relies on scant media and major label support, receives almost no journalistic and scholarly attention, and resides in a rural Texas border town. This essay argues that Ayala’s formative collaboration with singer/songwriter Cornelio Reyna as the archetypal norteno duo Los Relampagos del Norte, resulted in critical innovations that modernized and transformed a regional folk tradition into a transnational popular music phenomenon. I examine how Ayala constructed an “author image,” defined by regional identity as rural, working-class, conservative, hypermasculine and shaped by bi-cultural and bi-national border citizenship. Ayala’s continued popularity and perceived “Mexican” authenticity challenges current ideological trends in today’s largely urban “Regional Mexican” industry driven by a generational shift towards narcocorridos, violent lyrics, and hypersexualized imaginings of rurality.
The Age of Cosmopolitanism

China in Division The Sixteen Kingdoms (North China, 304–439) In the early fourth century, centralized imperial government disintegrated almost completely in north China. For over a hundred years, the ancient Chinese cultural heartland in the north was shredded between what are conventionally known as the Sixteen Kingdoms. More precisely, historians actually recognize twenty-one distinct regimes in north China between the years 304 and 439 (not to mention other independent local communities that never aspired to become states). Despite the conventional English label “Sixteen Kingdoms,” moreover, these regimes were also often really empires, in the sense of being relatively large, multiethnic, military-conquest states ruled by men claiming the Chinese title “emperor” ( huangdi ). An alternate title, “heavenly king” ( tianwang ), was, however, invoked with unusual frequency during this period, possibly as a result of cultural influences coming from the steppe. As it happens, most of these Sixteen Kingdoms had rulers with non-Chinese ethnic identities. While north China plunged into chaos during the fourth century, perhaps an eighth of the entire northern Chinese population may have fled to the relative shelter and stability of the south. Many of these refugees settled in the general region of the lower Yangzi River valley, where members of the Western Jin imperial family reestablished a court in exile, known to history as the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317–420). The Eastern Jin capital was the city that is today called Nanjing (English: Nanking). This became the nucleus for a series of five (Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen) culturally and economically flourishing, but politically and militarily weak, Southern dynasties. Including the earlier third-century southern state of Three Kingdoms Wu, these Southern dynasties are sometimes also referred to as the Six Dynasties. Those people who remained in the north, meanwhile, huddled behind thousands of improvised local fortifications. Trade and commerce ground to a virtual halt in the north during this period. No new coins were issued in north China for almost two hundred years. Much farmland was given over to pasture (or stood vacant), and a ranching or herding economy spread deeply into north China. The raising of livestock was a fundamental part of the lifestyle of the non-Chinese peoples (generically referred to in the Chinese sources as Hu, and divided into five major different population groups) who now came to dominate the northern landscape politically and militarily.
Notes on the experimental measurement of fracture toughness of shape memory alloys

A mechanics-aided test method for measuring the fracture toughness of shape memory alloys, the deformation/failure response of which violates basic assumptions of ASTM standards for measuring fract...
Associations Between Personal Protective Measures and Self-Reported Tick-Borne Disease Diagnosis in Indiana Residents

Several personal protective measures (PPMs) are recommended to prevent tick-borne diseases (TBD). We aimed to quantify the strength of seven PPMs and self-reported TBD diagnosis associations and to understand what variables modify these associations. In June–July 2018, with a cross-sectional study design, we surveyed a sample of adult Indiana state residents. Overall, 2927 participants were eligible for this analysis. All data were self-reported. We used the double robust approach of stabilized inverse probability weighting and propensity score adjustment to obtain ORs. Approximately 5% of participants (n = 142) self-reported TBD diagnosis. Practicing different PPMs ranged from 48% for treating outdoor clothing with special bug-spray to 83% for walking on established trails. Using insect repellent on exposed skin was protective against TBD diagnosis [OR (95% CI): 0.55 (0.35, 0.88)]. A thorough body/clothes check after being outdoors was also protective against TBD diagnosis [OR (95% CI): 0.40 (0.25, 0.67)]. In stratified analyses, TBD knowledge, safety worry because of ticks, avoiding outdoors because of ticks, and pet TBD risk modified the associations between different PPMs and self-reported TBD diagnosis. In the state of Indiana, thorough body/clothes check after being outdoors and use of insect repellent on exposed skin might be strongly effective in preventing TBD. The protective effect of different PPMs might be stronger among people with high TBD knowledge, high safety worry because of ticks, high avoidance of being outdoors because of ticks, and low pet TBD risk. These results might be useful in the design of intervention programs.
Coupling Traditional and Emergent Technologies for Improved Coastal Zone Mapping

The shallow, turbid water of the Delaware Bay Estuary is the second most navigated waterway in the USA behind the Mississippi River and experiences tropical and extratropical cyclones from June through April bringing high winds, storm surge, precipitation, and coastal change. Mapping coastal areas within the Delaware Bay is particularly difficult due to inherent environmental factors such as low underwater visibility (less than 1 m), rapid tidal current (greater than 1 m/s), changeable weather, and strong mid-latitude winds. This study utilized four sonar systems, two manned vessels, two autonomous vessels, three real-time kinematics global positioning systems (RTK GPS), two unmanned autonomous aerial systems, and satellite imagery to quantify subaerial and subaqueous volume and feature changes following storm events. The study site was located at Broadkill Beach, Delaware, a microtidal beach inside the Delaware estuary and outside the National Coastal Mapping Program survey area. Six storms (four tropical and two extratropical cyclones) from 2012 to 2018 were surveyed pre- and post-storm. Key insights in sensors and platforms proved unmanned aerial systems (UAS) orthomosaic resolution to be superior for mapping shoreline, profile, and dune toe changes, swash zone features such as cusps, wrack lines, and infrastructure damage to beach crossovers. Subaqueous platforms performed well for most storm events with RMSE of 0.23 m or less. This uncertainty, including subaerial uncertainty (max = 0.016 m), can be reduced with precise GPS systems and ground truthing of elevations through additional sensors like RTK GPS and subbottom profilers. No clear pattern emerged between accretion and erosion for tropical or extratropical cyclones (TC or ETC). Low-energy beaches are rarely studied and therefore open-coast relationships are transplanted to these environments. Storm responses of the site did not match expected traditional cross-shore transport models as beach orientation and storm wind direction most likely induced longshore transport out of the system. UAS orthomosaics were critical in identifying wrack lines and debris which altered subaerial transport patterns at this low-energy site. This work highlights the importance of irregular, small-scale features such as relic jetties, wrack lines, and local wind waves in estuarine sites when traditional open-coast theory would diminish these processes. More importance should be placed on the use of high-resolution imagery and elevation data over widely spaced profiles when monitoring and managing low-energy sites experiencing episodic storms such as TC and ETC to accurately assess processes, relationships, and morphologic response.
Higher education associated with better national tetanus vaccination coverage: A population-based assessment.

Abstract Vaccination coverage among United States (U.S.) adults for tetanus continues to be lower than the national goals. Education has demonstrated a positive impact on vaccination coverage. However, recently there have been outbreaks of vaccine preventable conditions in areas with high college completion rates. This study assessed the relationship between education and tetanus vaccination. Data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a self-reported annual survey for non-institutionalized adults in the US from the Centers for Disease Control, was analyzed in 2019. The outcome was up-to-date tetanus vaccination if received within the last 10 years. Education was categorized into 1) grade 11 or less, 2) grade 12/GED, 3) college 1–3 years, and 4) college 4 or more years. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were conducted on the analytic sample (n = 417,473) using Stata 15, accounting for weighting and the complex survey design. In 2016, 59.9% of U.S. adults had up-to-date tetanus vaccination. Higher education level was associated with increased odds of up-to-date tetanus vaccination. The highest odds were for those with 4 or more years of college education [aOR = 1.31; 95% (CI: 1.26–1.35)]. Female sex, Black (non-Hispanic), unemployed, not being married, not having insurance or a personal health care provider, and above 45 years of age had lower odds of up-to-date tetanus vaccination. Targeted community specific vaccination education programs for those without tertiary education may help enhance the knowledge and thus the overall vaccination status in the U.S.
Senolytic Drug Development

Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging because senescent cells (SnCs) accumulate with age and play a causative role in many age-related diseases. Selectively eliminating SnCs has been emerging as a new strategy for treating age-related diseases and extending healthspan. Small molecules that targeting different SnC anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs) to selectively kill SnCs are termed senolytics. Up to date, several classes of senolytic agents, including naturally occurring compounds and their derivatives, and targeted therapeutics, have been identified. Here we discuss the biological significances of cellular senescence in aging, and summarize some of the known naturally occurring and targeted senolytic agents and their targets. As most of the known naturally occurring compounds or targeted senolytics have limitations to be developed as therapeutics for human applications, development of more specific and potent senolytic agents that can reduce the on-target and/or off-target toxicity of senolytics, is urgently needed to improve healthy aging in humans.
Safety of current therapies for onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease seen in clinical practice. Treatment options include systemic and topical therapies, as well as devices. Following clinical and mycologic diagnosis, tr...
Testing the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on cocaine self-administration and subjective responses in humans with cocaine use disorder.

Abstract Background Preclinical rodent studies have demonstrated reduced cocaine taking after administration of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues. We investigated effects of a GLP-1 analogue (exenatide) on behavioral and subjective effects of cocaine in individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD). Methods Non-treatment-seeking CUD subjects underwent two human laboratory cocaine self-administration test sessions following an acute 3 -h pre-treatment with exenatide (5 mcg; subcutaneously) or placebo. Primary outcomes consisted of infusions of cocaine and visual analog scale self-ratings of euphoria and wanting cocaine. Secondary outcomes consisted of pertinent hormone levels (GLP-1, insulin, and amylin). Results Thirteen individuals completed the study. Acute pretreatment with exenatide versus placebo did not change cocaine infusions (8.5 ± 1.2 vs. 9.1 ± 1.2; p = 0.39), self-reported euphoria (4.4 ± 0.8 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8; p = 0.21), or wanting of cocaine (5.6 ± 0.9 vs. 5.4 ± 0.9; p = 0.46). Exenatide vs. placebo reduced levels of GLP-1 (p = 0.03) and insulin (p = 0.02). Self-administered cocaine also reduced levels of GLP-1 (p Conclusions We did not find evidence that low dose exenatide alters cocaine self-administration or the subjective effects of cocaine in people with CUD. Limitations such as single acute rather than chronic pre-treatment, as well as evaluation of only one dose, preclude drawing firm conclusions about the efficacy of exenatide. Exenatide and cocaine independently reduced levels of GLP-1 and insulin, while cocaine also reduced levels of amylin.
The Many Faces of Medieval Mediterranean Queenship

Kagay paints the background of Elionor’s life by discussing royal women across the Mediterranean and Iberia Iberian realms down to the fifteenth century. This general picture focuses on the careers of such important Castilian royal women as Berenguela and Violante as well as a significant mistresses such as Leonor de Guzman. The author also provides short biographies of Navarrese queens as well as the truly remarkable Neopolitan ruler, Joanna I. He then provides a much longer treatment of Aragonese female rulers of the High Middle Ages ranging from Petronilla to Constanza.
Speech Decoding as Machine Translation

We aimed to improve the state of the art in decoding speech from neural activity, with the ultimate goal of developing a useful brain-machine interface (BMI) for individuals who have lost the ability to speak—from ALS, a stroke, or other traumatic brain injury. In our recent study (Makin et al. in Nat Neurosci 23:575–582, 2020), each of four participants undergoing clinical monitoring for epilepsy read aloud, making repeated passes through a set of some 30–50 sentences, while her electrocorticogram was simultaneously recorded. Our algorithm, which was inspired by recent ideas in machine translation, brought word error rates down from the previous state of the art, about 60, to 3%. In this chapter, we discuss those results, their limitations, and their implications for the general problem of speech decoding.
Cognitive Presence in Online Learning: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research from 2000 to 2019

Abstract This systematic review synthesized research on cognitive presence– the process of collaborative knowledge construction–in online learning to identify trends from two decades (2000 to 2019) of scholarship. A total of 30 articles on cognitive presence were analyzed to gain deeper understanding of the current state of research and identify the gaps in literature. The distribution of publishing years, countries, instructional setting, disciplines, research methods, data collection and data analysis methods, research topics and cognitive presence phases were reviewed. The review shows that the majority of the studies were carried out in higher education in the United States and Canada within the field of education. More than half of the studies used quantitative research methods, of which discussion transcripts were the prominent method for data collection and content analysis was used the most to analyze data. Research focus of these studies was mainly on instructional strategies and learning outcomes in the online courses. Among instructional strategies, reflection on practice, case-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and peer facilitation were most researched strategies. For learning outcomes, levels of cognitive presence (triggering, exploration, integration, and resolution), critical thinking, and interaction were examined the most. In addition, the frequency of students' contributions to online discussion were categorized using the Practical Inquiry Model and revealed that the highest contributions fell within the exploration and integration phases with a small percentage in triggering and resolution phases of cognitive presence. These results provide insights for educators, researchers, and instructional designers into the cognitive presence research trends to improve the quality of online learning.
“All or Nothing” in the Prosecution of Police Shootings

Police officers who kill citizens under questionable circumstances are rarely convicted of homicide, but that probably has more to do with bad law than with the prejudices of prosecutors or juries. The majority view in the United States allows a justification defense only if the defendant’s belief in the necessity for the use of the force is entirely reasonable. Any unreasonable mistake, even an honest but negligent or reckless one, provides no defense and leaves the officer open to liability for murder. While that hardline approach may have been intended to set a high standard of conduct for the use of deadly force, it commonly presents juries with two bad choices: convicting for murder an officer who has made an honest but unreasonable mistake in responding to a situation thrust upon him or her by the job, or giving a complete acquittal to an officer who does deserve some criminal liability. Given these two bad choices, the jury typically takes the latter over the former.
Victimology: The Essentials

Preface Chapter 1. Introduction to Victimology Chapter 2. Extent, Theories, and Factors of Victimization Chapter 3. Consequences of Victimization Chapter 4. Recurring Victimization Chapter 5. Victims' Rights and Remedies Chapter 6. Sexual Victimization Chapter 7. Intimate Partner Violence Chapter 8. Victimization at the Beginning and End of Life: Child and Elder Abuse Chapter 9. Victimization of Special Populations Chapter10. Victimization at School and Work Chapter 11. Property and Identity Theft Victimization Chapter 12. Contemporary Issues in Victimology: Victims of Hate Crimes, Human Trafficking, and Terrorism
Soft breakdown on deep sub-micrometer RF nMOSFET performance

Soft breakdown stress on CMOS RF devices has been examined. The total gate capacitance decreases with stress. The analytical equation of cut-off frequency including the gate oxide breakdown is derived. The effect of soft breakdown on the performance of an LC oscillator is examined. The oscillation frequency of the LC oscillator increases after soft breakdown stress.
Maryland Workers’ Compensation for Law Enforcement Officers

This six-page 2006 article is titled “Maryland Workers’ Compensation for Law Enforcement Officers.” It was published in The Trooper magazine. The article analyzes how workers’ compensation laws are more favorable for police and other law enforcement officers, when compared to workers’ compensation laws that apply to non-police officers. Topics include (1) a history of workers’ compensation, (2) the “going and coming” rule, (3) compensation benefits, (4) temporary total disability benefits, (5) permanent partial disability benefits, (6) second tier award for police and other law enforcement officers, (7) occupational disease, (8) presumption in favor of police and other law enforcement officers, (9) special disability retirement based on injury in the line of duty, and (10) avoiding pitfalls.
William B: Ants, Bikes & Clocks: Problem Solving for Undergraduates

Probably, most of the students who have taken (or will take) undergraduate courses based on the so-called exact sciences have faced (or will face at some point) the terror of being unable to solve some of the proposed problems or exercises, despite having a good theoretical knowledge of the topic. Basically, you may know the equations, you may understand the mathematical passages, you may have a grasp on the physical meaning of the equations and yet sometimes you are unable to get past the problem's enunciate! Unfortunately, this inability to solve problems often leads to frustration. And this feeling of helplessness starts a vicious circle, as the incapability of solving some problems results in diminished motivation to study and, as a consequence, more difficulties in solving future problems. Surely, problem solving is an important and complex aspect of our education; however it is frequently overlooked by teachers. For this reason, a book aimed at the development of problem solving skills should be welcomed by students and teachers. More than 50 years ago, G. Polya wrote a book on problem solving strategies which became very popular, "How to Solve It" [1]. Brigg's book is not intended to replace, but rather to complement Polya's classic book. For example, not only Polya's principles of analytical problem solving are cited and discussed in Brigg's book, but they are also adapted to computational problems. In fact, the interplay between the analytical and computational approaches to problem solving is very useful since computers became part of our daily lives. One of the main qualities of "Ants, Bikes & Clocks: Problem Solving for Undergraduates" is that it is a pleasant book to read. It is well written and the understanding of the text is facilitated by numerous tables, graphs, charts and figures. This readability is especially important considering the main target of the book, undergraduate students. But everyone would certainly enjoy browsing the chapters, reading the small notes on the sides of the pages, going through the various and inventive examples, etc. I did it! Another interesting aspect of Brigg's book is how the exercises are organized. At the end of the chapters, each exercise is followed by hints and respective answer. In addition, full solutions for all exercises can be found at the end of the book. Although the author cautions against checking the full solutions before trying to solve the problems, it is certainly good to know that the full solutions are within reach. In summary, this is an excellent and opportune book about problem solving, not only for undergraduates, but for everyone who is interested in problem solving strategies.
Studies on coordination compounds

Abstract Formation constants of various metal derivatives of I-nitroso-2-naphthol and 2-nitroso-1-naphthol have been measured in 50 and 75 volume per cent dioxan. The anomalies of the nickel and cobalt compounds are considered and explanations offered.
Computing the Implicit Voronoi Diagram in Triple Precision

In a paper that considered arithmetic precision as a limited resource in the design and analysis of algorithms, Liotta, Preparata and Tamassia defined an "implicit Voronoi diagram" supporting logarithmic-time proximity queries using predicates of twice the precision of the input and query coordinates. They reported, however, that computing this diagram uses five times the input precision. We define a reduced-precision Voronoi diagram that similarly supports proximity queries, and describe a randomized incremental construction using only three times the input precision. The expected construction time is O (n (logn + logμ )), where μ is the length of the longest Voronoi edge; we can construct the implicit Voronoi from the reduced-precision Voronoi in linear time.
Neutron spectrum effects on burnup, reactivity, and isotopics in UO2/H2O lattices

To provide guidance for future light water reactor core design and fuel management strategies, the effects of the moderator-to-fuel ratio on burnup, core endurance, and waste disposal characteristi...
Z 2 classification of quantum spin Hall systems: An approach using time-reversal invariance

We study the phases of Bloch insulators with time-reversal symmetry on the basis of the homotopy of the ground-state wave functions in momentum space and find that there are two topological classes characterized by a ${Z}_{2}$ invariant. The results are in agreement with a recent study based on counting the zeroes of a certain Pfaffian function related to the ground-state wave function. It is shown that there is a link between the formulation of the topological invariant presented here and the number of robust edge states. A formula is also provided which greatly simplifies the computation of the invariant in a large number of cases. The present study provides guidance for the search of systems which belong to the nontrivial topological class and also establishes a link between the quantum spin Hall effect and the integer quantum Hall effect.
Multiwavelength WHAM Observations of Extra-planar Warm Ionized Gas in the Galaxy

We report on observations of several optical emission lines toward a variety of newly revealed faint, large-scale H-alpha-emitting structures in the warm ionized medium (WIM) of the Galaxy. The lines include [N II] 6583, [N II] 5755, [S II] 6716, [O III] 5007, and He I 5876 and were obtained with the Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper (WHAM) toward sightlines that probe both large filamentary features and the more diffuse WIM, from the outer Perseus spiral arm to the inner Galaxy. These emission lines allow us to explore the temperature and ionization conditions within the emitting gas and their variations between the different emission regions. We compare the relative intensities of the emission lines toward these faint H II structures to brighter, classical O star H II regions. We find that the line ratios of [N II]/H-alpha and [S II]/H-alpha are generally high, while [O III]/H-alpha and He I/H-alpha are generally low in the diffuse WIM and in the faint filamentary structures. This suggests that the gas is warmer, in a lower ionization state, and ionized by a softer spectrum than the gas in classical H II regions surrounding O stars, the presumed ionization source for the WIM. In addition, we find differences in the physical conditions between the large filamentary structures and the more diffuse WIM, suggesting that the filaments are regions of higher density, not geometrical projections of folds in large sheet-like or shell-like structures.
Into the Future, One Second at a Time.

In this chapter, the editors review the contributions of each chapter to a vision for doctoral education viewed through the lens of the best practices of adult education.
THE WALLDIUS HINGE ARTHROPLASTY

Eighty-three Waildius arthroplasties, performed by one surgeon as a salvage operation on the knee joint between 1966 and 1972, were independently reviewed. The fifty-seven living patients with sixty-seven arthroplasties were interviewed and examined and the clinical records of the deceased patients were inspected. Sixty-seven arthroplasties (81 per cent) were successful and sixteen failed (19 per cent). Acrylic cement was used to secure the prosthesis on eight occasions only. There were two primary infections (24 per cent) and two delayed (24 per cent). Major loosening occurred in three arthroplasties (36 per cent). Minor loosening was compatible with a good result. Arthrodesis was successful on the two occasions on which it became necessary to remove the implant. There were no disasters. On the basis of these results it is considered that the Walidius arthroplasty can justifiably be offered as an alternative to primary arthrodesis of the knee.
Electron capture ion mobility spectrometry for the selective detection of chlorinated and brominated species after capillary gas chromatography

This paper reports the first investigation of electron capture ion mobility spectrometry as a detection method for capillary gas chromatography. In previous work with negative ion mobility detection after gas chromatography, the principal reactant ion species were O2− or hydrated O2− due to the presence of oxygen in the drift gas. These molecular reactant ions have a mobility similar to chloride and bromide ions, which are the principal product ions formed by most halogenated organics via dissociative ion-molecule reactions. Oxygenated reactant ions thus interfere with the selective detection of chloride and bromide product ions. A recently described ion mobility detector design efficiently eliminated ambient impurities, including oxygen, from infiltrating the ionization region of the detector; consequently, in the negative mode of operation, the ionization species with N2 drift gas were thermalized electrons. Thermalized electrons have a high mobility and their drift time occupies a region of the ion mobility spectrum not occupied by chloride, bromide, or other product ions. The result was improved selectivity for halogenated organics which ionize by dissociative electron capture. This was demonstrated by the selective detection of 4,4′-dibromobiphenyl from the components of a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (Aroclor 1248).
Does Trust Matter? The Relationship Between Equity Sensitivity and Perceived Organizational Justice

The present research study was designed to extend our knowledge about issues of relevance for business ethics by examining the role of equity sensitivity and perceived organizational trust on employees’ perceptions of procedural and interactional justice. A model was developed and tested, and results revealed that organizational trust and respect mediated the relationship between an employee’s equity sensitivity and perceptions of procedural, interactional, and social accounts fairness. A discussion of issues related to perceptions of trust and fairness is presented, as well as recommendations for leaders and future scholarship.
Effect of Hypophysectomy and Subsequent Prolactin Administration on Hypothalamic 5-Hydroxytryptamine Synthesis in Ovariectomized Rats

Increased levels of PRL whether of natural or experimentally induced cause result in an increased turnover of the putative PRL-inhibiting factor dopamine (DA) within tuberoinfundibular neurons, suggesting that PRL can regulate its own release via a short loop feedback mechanism. Although it is known that activation of the hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) system stimulates PRL release, the possibility that PRL could alter metabolism or release of this amine within the hypothalamus has not been examined. In the first experiment, bilaterally ovariectomized adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: hypophysectomized rats (HYPOX), HYPOX rats injected sc with 0.5 mg kg−1 ovine PRL (oPRL) at 1000 h and 1800 h on the day before killing the rats (HYPOX + PRL), and rats without further surgical manipulation (controls: NON-HYPOX). Three weeks after surgical manipulation, the rats were injected iv with 100 mg kg−1 NSD-1015 and killed 15 or 30 min later. 5-Hydroxytryptophan accumulation was measu...
Survival Skills and Ethics Training for Graduate Students: A Graduate Student Perspective

Graduate students in the sciences must develop practical skills geared toward scientific survival and success. This is particularly true now, given the paucity of research funds and jobs. Along with more elementary skills, research ethics should be an integral part of students’ scientific training. Survival skills include research skills, communication skills, general efficiency, and preparation for post-graduate work. Ethics training covers guidelines for use of animal and human subjects, data treatment, disclosure, credit issues, conflicts of interest, and response to misconduct. The objective of this paper is to describe, from a graduate student’s perspective, the need for survival and ethics training in graduate programs and to raise both faculty and student awareness of the possibilities for explicit instruction of these skills. Many survival skills and ethical practices will be learned without explicit direction and some are already part of standard training; but, this is not the case for all students or for all skills, so specific instruction is a necessity. Research faculty can use their own experience to help students to develop the proficiencies they will need to succeed.
Gatekeeper search and selection strategies: Relational and network governance in a cultural market

Gatekeepers play a critical role in determining what creative products eventually reach audiences. Although they have been discussed in the literature on cultural production, they have rarely been studied systematically. In particular, we know little about how gatekeepers use their social networks to manage search and selection processes in markets characterized by excess supply, demand uncertainty, and shifting and socially defined evaluation criteria. In this article, we present the results of a study of nightclub talent buyers in Boston, MA who act as gatekeepers by selecting bands to perform at their clubs. Using social network and cultural domain analysis, we show that search strategies and social networks vary across culturally defined market niches for local rock bands. In a market niche featuring bands playing original music, gatekeepers maintain arm’s length relations with manybands but are embedded in dense information sharing networks with each other. In contrast, in a market niche containing bands playing familiar popular tunes (‘‘covers’’), gatekeepers maintain close ties with a small number of bands but have arm’s length relations with each other. We explain these findings using theories of relational and network governance. # 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Introduction to special issue on studying

Twelve years ago, William Rohwer (1984) extended an invitation to educational researchers to forge an educational psychology of studying on par with the field's interest in and investigations of instruction. Rohwer argued that students are increasingly expected to learn independently as they proceed from elementary to secondary to post-secondary schools. Col lege students, Rohwer pointed out, are expected to spend at least twice as much time studying as they spend attending class. Rohwer contended that there was considerable work to be done but that the work was worthwhile and necessary. The phenomena of study, then, invite a commitment to an arduous, complex and protracted effort, an affair more like a house-raising than a house-warming. Yet, if differences in the effectiveness of study are a primary source of differences in educational success, the invitation to build an educational psychology of studying is surely worth accepting. By all indications, Rohwer's invitation was widely accepted. A special interest group on studying was formed in the American Educational Re search Association. Investigators examined social, motivational, and strate gic aspects of studying under the rubric of self-regulated learning (e.g., Pintrich and DeGroot, 1990; Zimmerman, 1989, 1990). And, texts detailing how to study flourished (e.g., Gardner and Jewler, 1989; Longman and At
Increase of brain tryptophan caused by drugs which stimulate serotonin synthesis.

THE concentrations of tryptophan normally present in the mammalian brain are below the Michaelis constant (Km) of tryptophan hydroxylase1,2, suggesting that the rate of serotonin synthesis depends more on the concentration of brain tryptophan than on the amount of enzyme. We wish to report that various treatments which have been shown to increase brain serotonin synthesis also increase the concentration of tryptophan in brain. Conversely, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), which inhibits serotonin synthesis3, decreases tryptophan in brain.
Morphine-Induced Delay of Normal Cell Death in the Avian Ciliary Ganglion

Repeated administration of morphine in increasing doses delayed normal cell death in the ciliary ganglion of the chick embryo; the effect was completely blocked by naloxone. Survival of spinal motoneurons was not affected. Morphine also inhibited potassium-stimulated synthesis of acetylcholine in ganglion cells cultured with muscle, suggesting that morphine can influence neurotransmission. Morphine's effect on cell death may be due to an inhibition of transmission at the neuromuscular junction, but opiates may also directly affect cell death. Although it is now known whether the endogenous opiates in the ciliary ganglion influence neuronal survival during embryogenesis, exogenous opiates can affect normal cell death in the autonomic nervous system.