cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract No. 97: Evaluation of a two-stage approach for insertion of the hemodialysis reliable outflow (HeRO) vascular access device in patients with central venous occlusion

sure in dialysis patients who often present to interventional radiology multiple times over the course of their disease, requiring both line placement and evaluation of dialysis circuits without understanding of cumulative dose. Materials and Methods: Our QI database was queried for patients undergoing dialysis acess evaluation between July 1st to October 1st, as this was when we began recoding fluoroscopic dose in dose area product (DAP) in the medical record. A retrospective chart review of 37 consecutive patients was performed to determine the total number of dialysis interventions performed extending back to the beginning of electronic medical records in 2007. Based on the data obtained from July to October 2011, an average DAP was calculated per procedure type, namely dialysis circuit evaluations (which included graft declots and fistulograms) and dialysis line placements for access issues. This calculated DAP was used to estimate a total cumulative radiation dose based on the total number of procedures performed per patient. Results: A total of 37 patients with a mean age of 54, range 21-96 years old, were evaluated. 59.5% of these patients were 50 years old. The mean number of dialysis circuit evaluations per patient was 5 with a range of 1-30. The mean number of dialysis line placements per patient was 3 with a range of 0-17. The average estimated dose per procedure was 29.1 Gy-cm2 for dialysis circuit evaluations and 6.38 Gy-cm2 for dialysis line placement. For comparison, 2 dialysis circuit evaluations is similar to 1 coronary angiogram (mean 60.2 Gy-cm2). Overall, the average estimated cumulative dose per patient over the course of multiple dialysisrelated procedures in IR was 164 Gy-cm2 (range 29-886 Gy-cm2). Conclusion: Although more prospective data is required, it seems clear through a brief evaluation of a single institution’s dialysis patients, that cumulative radiation dosage to this subset of patients over time and multiple repeat procedures is significant. Further evaluation of how to longitudinally track and limit radiation dosage to this challenging group of patients is required to minimize potential long-term stochastic effects.
Motion picture sickness

Andrew Wakefield, the former British doctor who erroneously claimed MMR vaccine causes autism, has reinvented himself as a documentary maker. Vaxxed: From cover-up to catastrophe is the resulting film. It sparked a storm of criticism for Robert De Niro's Tribeca festival in New York, which backtracked on plans to premiere it. It has since been shown elsewhere in New York and in Florida. Here, Offit examines Wakefield's film trying to prop up his discredited linking of MMR vaccine to autism is one for conspiracy theorists
Flexible & planar implantable resonant coils for wireless power transfer using Inkjet masking technique

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of implantable coils, operating at 13.56 MHz ISM band for biomedical applications. Rogers RO 4003C substrate was used for the prototype of the implantable coil while Rogers RO 3850 flexible substrate was used for the external transmitter coil. The Inkjet masking technique was used for the patterning the planar coil on the flexible substrate. Wireless power transfer efficiency measurements were conducted in free space and water environments, varying the operating distance between the prototype coils from 5mm to 20mm, featuring transfer efficiencies upto 55% and 35%, respectively.
Dementia patients in primary care. Care managers offer a solution to providing ongoing care.

The structure of our healthcare system does not take into consideration the many psychological and social needs of older patients. For a patient like Mr. G, who has mild-to-moderate dementia, a critical aspect of primary medical care is determining the patient's non-medical needs. These needs often bear directly on medical care. Cost is one reason primary care offices do not have more care managers. Yet, in the seven intervention sites participating in the Council for Jewish Elderly study, six have arranged to continue with the social worker or have made substantial efforts to come up with the funding to do so. As we continue to look at our changing demographics and the needs of our increasingly older population, public policy planners must look at care management in primary care settings as an important clinical provision of care. To find a care manager in your area, log on to www.caremanager.org, which is the web site of the National Association of Professional Geriatric Care Managers. Click on the "Find a Care Manager" link and fill out the search form.
Peirce, Pragmatism and the Logic of Scripture: Introduction: reading Peirce's pragmatism

Even though many of his contributions to the discipline may still appear idiosyncratic, Charles Peirce's name no longer needs introduction to an audience of professional philosophers. For many years after his death in 1914, Peirce's largely unpublished works were known only to a band of devotees – or known only second-hand through the works of those he influenced, such as William James, John Dewey, Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss. Now, however, Peirce's innovations in the theory of language and of signs (he called it semeiotic ), in phenomenology, in the logic of relations, in the philosophy of mathematics and in pragmatism have been the subject of dozens of scholarly books, hundreds of essays, and have begun to enter into the standard curricula of graduate schools in philosophy. Beyond the profession, an increasing number of literary scholars, hermeneuts, theologians, and postmodern theorists of various descriptions find themselves surveying the secondary literature, and also venturing into Peirce's labyrinthine corpus. I address this study of Peirce, first, to members of this latter group. I imagine they may have turned to his work for some of the reasons I first did, twenty years ago, when I was studying the philosophy of rabbinic thinking, as displayed in the literature of classic Judaism: the Talmud and the midrash in particular (the collections of rabbinic interpretations of biblical narrative and biblical law that were compiled, roughly, in the 1st–6th centuries, in what were then Babylonia and Palestine).
Emerging Information Networks between Mexico and the United States

ABSTRACTA new and growing body of theoretical research emphasizes the importance of networks in daily life. At their essence, networks transmit information between nodes in a system and send out signals to prospective participants. Within the context of the immigration debate in the United States, Mexican immigrants may be seen to be creating cross-border networks over which information flows. We present research on transitioning the analysis of immigrant flows between the United States and Mexico from the traditional corridor analysis to one in which networks of individuals and their relationships are important. We present a basic network map created using matricula consular data in order to reveal the complex system created by this population’s movements. Our research demonstrates that the movement of Mexican migrants to and through the US involves more than simple point-to-point travels and shows how cities and states on both sides of the international boundary are tied together through this population...
Molecular and genetic basis for early stage structural diversifications in hapalindole-type alkaloid biogenesis

Heterologous expressions and purifications of all WelU proteins from the welwitindolinone pathways in Hapalosiphon welwitschii UTEX B1830 and IC-52-3 led to the discovery that WelU1 and WelU3 selectively assemble 12-epi-fischerindole U (2) and 12-epi-hapalindole C (1), respectively, from 3-geranyl 3-isocyanovinyl indolenine (4) via an enzymatic cascade featuring the Cope rearrangement, stereoselective aza-Prins cyclization and regioselective carbocation deposition. In combination with the in vitro characterization of WelU1/WelU3-homolog AmbU4 for the biogenesis of 12-epi-hapalindole U, this study provide a unified view on the origin of the early stage structural diversifications in hapalindole-type alkaloid biosynthesis, post common intermediate 4.
THE RIDDLE OF THE LABYRINTH

I realize that in what I have written so far, there is a danger of seeing the ‘transports’ I’ve described as essentially passive experiences. That is, they appear to be journeys that happen to you, or are imposed upon you, rather than you generating the experience yourself.
Predictors of Caregiver Burden among Mothers of Children with Chronic Conditions.

Objective: The complex medical regimens of children and adolescents with chronic conditions can have a significant impact on families and households. Caregivers may experience burden, which can lead to negative health consequences and poor quality of life. The objective of this study was to determine child-related predictors and risk factors for caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic conditions. Methods: We distributed an institutional review board (IRB)-approved, online cross-sectional survey to parents of children who attended the Victory Junction therapeutic camp. Parents provided information on child demographics, disease characteristics, and healthcare utilization. Parents also answered the adapted Zarit Burden Interview, which measured caregiver burden. Children completed scales about self-management and self-efficacy. Linear regression analyses determined how children’s disease characteristics, health utilization, and self-management skills were associated with caregiver burden. Results: We enrolled 150 mother-child dyads. The mean age of child participants was 12.23 years (±2.5), with an age range of 6 to 16 years. It was determined that children’s number of medicines and injections (β = 0.161, p = 0.047), a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in addition to the primary medical condition (β = 0.216, p = 0.008), frequent visits with a primary care provider (PCP) (β = 0.209, p = 0.026) and emergency room (ER) visits (β = 0.197, p = 0.038), and lower child self-efficacy (β = −0.241, p = 0.041) were predictors of increased caregiver burden. Conclusions: We identified risk factors for caregiver burden among mothers. Future studies should explore additional child-related characteristics as they relate to caregiver burden, and should determine if interventions for mothers of children with chronic conditions can lead to positive outcomes.
Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: a Review of 17 Years of Evidence (2000–2016)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health problem, with an estimated 1.4 million cases diagnosed worldwide in 2012. Evidence suggests that diet may be important for primary prevention. The 2017 WCRF/AICR Continuous Update Project on colorectal cancer concluded that there is convincing evidence linking several individual dietary factors with CRC risk but the evidence for dietary patterns was limited and inconclusive. In addition, previous reviews and meta-analyses have not critically synthesized various dietary patterns. This review synthesized data from dietary patterns studies over a 17-year period from 2000 to 2016. We included 49 studies (28 cohort and 21 case-control) that examined the association of index-based and empirically derived dietary patterns and CRC risk. A synthesis of food group components comprising the different index-based and empirically derived patterns revealed two distinct dietary patterns associated with CRC risk. A “healthy” pattern, generally characterized by high intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, fish and other seafood, milk, and other dairy products, was associated with lower CRC risk. In contrast, the “unhealthy” pattern, characterized by high intakes of red meat, processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grains, desserts, and potatoes was associated with higher CRC risk. It is notable that the number of food groups, the intake quantity, and the exact types of foods in each food group differed between populations, yet the two dietary patterns remained consistent across regions, especially in empirically derived patterns, an indication of the high reproducibility of these patterns. However, findings for CRC risk in both index-based and empirically derived patterns, differed by sex, with stronger associations among men than women; study design, a higher proportion of case-control studies reported significant findings compared to prospective studies. Consuming a dietary pattern high in fruits and vegetables and low in meats and sweets is protective against CRC risk. However, important questions remain about the mechanisms underlying differences by sex; life-course timing of exposure to dietary patterns; interaction of dietary patterns with the microbiome or with lifestyle factors including physical activity; and elucidation of subsite differences.
Immobilized FhuD2 Siderophore-Binding Protein Enables Purification of Salmycin Sideromycins from Streptomyces violaceus DSM 8286.

Siderophores are a structurally diverse class of natural products common to most bacteria and fungi as iron(III)-chelating ligands. Siderophores, including trihydroxamate ferrioxamines, are used clinically to treat iron overload diseases and show promising activity against many other iron-related human diseases. Here, we present a new method for the isolation of ferrioxamine siderophores from complex mixtures using affinity chromatography based on resin-immobilized FhuD2, a siderophore-binding protein (SBP) from Staphylococcus aureus. The SBP-resin enabled purification of charge positive, charge negative, and neutral ferrioxamine siderophores. Treatment of culture supernatants from Streptomyces violaceus DSM 8286 with SBP-resin provided an analytically pure sample of the salmycins, a mixture of structurally complex glycosylated sideromycins (siderophore–antibiotic conjugates) with potent antibacterial activity toward human pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 7 nM). S...
Credibility of the Philippine Central Bank: Evidenced by the Interest Rate Pass-Through

This study investigates the Philippine interest rate pass-through over the December 2001 through January 2016 period. The empirical findings suggest that the Philippine Central Bank has not been very effective in formulating and implementing its countercyclical monetary policy. Specifically, the empirical results reveal very low short-run and long- run interest rate pass-through. The Bounds test results indicate no long-term relationship between countercyclical monetary policy and market rates. Notwithstanding the banking system's remarkable performance in the recent years, amid lingering uncertainties in global financial markets, the Philippine Central Bank lacked the credibility in conducting its countercyclical monetary policy. This empirical finding may not be desirable but it forewarns the monetary policy makers of challenges in formulating and implementing their monetary policy.
Prereaders’ eye movements during shared storybook reading are language-mediated but not predictive

ABSTRACTWhen viewing a visual scene, eye movements are often language-mediated: people look at objects as those objects are named. Eye movements can even reflect predictive language processing, moving to an object before it is named. Children are also capable of making language-mediated eye movements, even predictive ones, and prediction may be involved in language learning. The present study explored whether eye movements are language-mediated in a more naturalistic task – shared storybook reading. Research has shown that children fixate illustrations during shared storybook reading, ignoring text. The present study used high-precision eye-tracking to replicate this finding. Further, prereader participants showed increased likelihood of fixating relevant storybook illustrations as words were read aloud, indicating that their eye movements were language mediated like the adult participants. Language-mediated eye movements to illustrations were reactive, not predictive, in both participant groups.
Improving the prescribing of palivizumab.

Aim Palivizumab prevents respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children at high risk of severe disease. This paper reviews the use and effectiveness of palivizumab at two tertiary paediatric hospitals (hospitals A and B) in New South Wales, Australia. Methods Children prescribed palivizumab during the pre-intervention period, 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2014, were compared with children under 2 years of age who were admitted to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) with an RSV infection. Eligibility for palivizumab was determined. To improve evidence-based utilisation of palivizumab, a 'streamlined palivizumab individual patient use' (IPU) pro forma was introduced at hospital A during 2015, and its applicability was reviewed. Results In the 2 years prior to implementing the streamlined IPU, 47 children received palivizumab, with 87% at hospital A. Of the children at hospital A, 32% did not meet the guidelines, and 32% did not complete the course. While 13% of children admitted to PICU for RSV infection were eligible for palivizumab, none received it prior to admission. In 2015, 16 streamlined IPUs were submitted, and 11 patients received palivizumab. Of these patients, 27% did not meet the guidelines, and 63% did not complete the course. Of the children who received palivizumab during the three RSV seasons, one developed an RSV infection, and none were admitted to PICU. Conclusions Palivizumab is often prescribed without meeting recognised best practice guidelines, and patients eligible are frequently not prescribed palivizumab. The streamlined IPU, implemented in hospital A, excluded patients who did not meet guidelines. The pro forma needs further refinement, and complementary strategies introduced to improve compliance.
Acute Sport-Related Concussion Screening for Collegiate Athletes Using an Instrumented Balance Assessment

Context: Without a true criterion standard assessment, the sport-related concussion (SRC) diagnosis remains subjective. Inertial balance sensors have been proposed to improve acute SRC assessment,...
Psychological Barriers to Bipartisan Public Support for Climate Policy

Psychological scientists have the expertise—and arguably an obligation—to help understand the political polarization that impedes enactment of climate policy. Many explanations emphasize Republican skepticism about climate change. Yet results from national panel studies in 2014 and 2016 indicate that most Republicans believe in climate change, if not as strongly as Democrats. Political polarization over climate policy does not simply reflect that Democrats and Republicans disagree about climate change but that Democrats and Republicans disagree with each other. The results of a national panel experiment and of in-depth interviews with four former members of Congress suggest that Democrats and Republicans—both ordinary citizens and policymakers—support policies from their own party and reactively devalue policies from the opposing party. These partisan evaluations occur both for policies historically associated with liberal principles and politicians (cap-and-trade) and for policies associated with conserv...
Is female body esteem shaped by benevolent sexism

The present investigation sought to determine whether women's body attitudes could be understood as a manifestation of benevolent sexism. Results indicated that women who held many benevolent sexist beliefs not only used more cosmetics when preparing for a romantic date than women who endorsed few such beliefs, but they also expressed more positive attitudes toward an aspect of female body esteem, sexual attractiveness, that can be altered using cosmetic products.
DNA Hypo- vs. Hypermethylation in Cancer

DNA hypomethylation associated with cancer is probably as frequent as cancer-linked DNA hypermethylation. The hypomethylation of genomic sequences often exceeds hypermethylation so that cancers frequently display lower levels of genomic 5-methylcytosine than do a variety of normal postnatal tissues. Different types of sequences are generally targeted for cancer-related decreases and increases in DNA methylation. Some sequences appear to be more frequently hypomethylated in certain types of cancers than other types. DNA hypomethylation sometimes is evident early in tumorigenesis; however, it also can be associated with tumor progression. Hypomethylation of specific DNA sequences, especially DNA repeats, may serve as a marker for tumorigenesis or tumor progression, as can hypermethylation of unique DNA sequences. Cancer-linked DNA hypomethylation can occur without an association with DNA hypermethylation. Because of this finding and the very frequent targeting of DNA sequences for this hypomethylation in diverse cancers, genomic hypomethylation is likely to contribute to carcinogenesis and not to be just a byproduct of oncogenic transformation. Therefore, caution should be used in development of treatment schemes for cancer involving DNA demethylation because they might result in increased tumor progression.
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Correlation of Electrocardiographic and Anatomic Findings

HE most widely used criteria for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy in all probability are those devised by Sokolow and Lyon’ in 1949 (Table I). More recently, some authors2p3 have stated that the criteria of Sokolow and Lyon are too broad and, therefore, are likely to yield a significant number of erroneous diagnoses of right ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of heart disease. The criterion of a delayed intrinsicoid deflection in lead Vi or VZ (ventricular activation time of 0.04 to 0.07 second) has little value in the electrocardiographic recognition of right ventricular hypertrophy according to our experience and that of Milnor.3 Likewise, we are of the opinion that it is rather superfluous to consider the presence of an S wave in Vr of less than 2 mm. in amplitude as being indicative of right ventricular hypertrophy, since this finding almost alwavs is associated with an R/S amplitude ra’tio in Vi greater than 1. (The converse does not necessarily hold true however.) In support of this belief is the report of Walker and associates4 in which ten of twelve cases of right ventricular hypertrophy studied had an S wave in Vi less than 2 mm. in depth and in every instance the R/S amplitude ratio in Vi exceeded ‘I. If one considers yet another of the criteria of Sokolow and Lyon, namely, inversion of the T wave in lead aVL or aVF in the presence of an R wave greater than 6 mm. in amplitude, it is quite apparent that not only is this finding not specific for right ventricular hypertrophy alone (since there are other abnormalities such as left ventricular hypertrophy which can produce the same finding), but it is also observed not infrequently in the electrocardiograms of perfectly normal subjects. It is equally obvious that Sokolow and Lyon’s criterion of an R wave of less than 5 mm. in amplitude in Vr, or Vc is not satisfactory since such waves are frequently observed in the electrocardiograms of patients without right ventricular hypertrophy. The presence of an R wave in aVR 5 mm. or more in amplitude is probably of greater value in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy in children than it is in adults, while the ratio of R/S in Vg: R/S in Vi of 0.4 or less is perhaps too cumbersome to be of practical use in clinical electrocardiography. All of the above considerations merely exemplify some of the shortcomings of the criteria devised by Sokolow and Lyon, though similar criticisms can be leveled at those presented by many other authors. The objective of this study was to determine
El faro: developing a digital illustration of hull wreckage 15,400 feet below the surface of the Atlantic ocean

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent agency charged with determining the probable cause of transportation accidents and promoting transportation safety. We collect a large volume of highly complex and diverse data, which is often integrated into digital illustrations to help explain the accident events, probable cause, and relevant safety issues. One major accident investigation in which digital illustrations were key was our investigation into the sinking of the cargo ship SS El Faro in 2015. (Fig. 1)
Marks on the city: the impacts of coastline emergence and bombing on Tallinn’s anachronistic pockets

With its complex history, Tallinn is a puzzling patchwork of contrasts – old and new, historic and revisionist. Tallinn’s abrupt contrasts in urban form originate largely from two types of historic...
Bacterial Cultures at the Time of Artificial Urinary Sphincter Revision Surgery in Clinically Uninfected Devices: A Contemporary Series.

Purpose:We evaluated the rate of bacterial colonization in artificial urinary sphincters during revision surgery for noninfectious etiologies.Materials and Methods:We evaluated bacterial culture sw...
Follow-Up After Catheter Ablation of Papillary Muscles and Valve Cusps

Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to determine the impact of catheter ablation in the region of papillary muscles (PMs) and valvular cusps (VC) on mitral, tricuspid, or aortic valve function. Background Ventricular arrhythmias arising from PMs and VCs often require extensive catheter ablation. Little is known regarding the risk of valve dysfunction after radiofrequency catheter ablation of such arrhythmias. Methods A retrospective analysis was completed for 149 PM and VC VT/premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ablations from 2008 to 2018 at our institution. Patient and procedural details were collected for VT and PVC ablation cases involving PMs and VCs with available echocardiographic data pre-ablation and post-ablation (within 6 months). Degree of valvular regurgitation (VR) was graded from 0 (none) to 4 (severe), and significant valvular dysfunction was defined as a 2+ change in VR. Results Of 149 radiofrequency catheter ablation cases, there were 84 (56%) aortic valve cusp ablations, 60 (40%) left ventricular PM ablations, and 5 (3%) right ventricular PM ablations. There were no statistically significant differences between pre-ablation and post-ablation VR severity (p = 0.33). No patients had a 2+ grade change in VR severity when pre-ablation and post-ablation echocardiograms were compared. There were no significant sequelae requiring intervention in the post-ablation period. On follow-up of 36 ± 9 months, for those with a change in VR, the severity had improved to baseline or remained stable. Conclusions Despite often-times extensive ablation on and around valvular networks, risk of longstanding or permanent valvular dysfunction after VT/PVC ablation is rare.
Abstract 461: Identifying potential immunotherapeutic targets on malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors via surfaceomic profiling

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas, with approximately 50% of these tumors arising in patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1). Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) inactivation due to loss of components EED or SUZ12 is thought to drive MPNST formation in NF1 patients and is associated with poor prognosis. PRC2 inactivation leads to histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) loss and de-repression of various genes. These transcription alterations may lead to proteomic changes within the cell and at the cell surface, giving rise to surface expression of molecules not present in normal tissue. With the advent of immune-based therapies, unique, highly expressed surface markers on tumors are prime candidates for targetability. Thus, we use a systematic approach to characterize the surfaceome of MPNSTs to identify potential candidates for immunotherapeutic targeting. Methods and Results: RNA sequencing data was obtained from 16 MPNST tumor samples and 5 MPNST cell lines. Expression data was compared to a panel of 42 normal tissues to generate a list of significantly differentially expressed genes to minimize potential off-targets (p Conclusion: We demonstrate here that the MPNST surfaceome can be surveyed at depth for the discovery of new immunotherapeutic targets and that there are unique and differentially expressed surface proteins that warrant further study. A proteogenomic integration of RNA and mass spectrometry datasets will allow us to gain further insight into the cell surface landscape of MPNST. Citation Format: George Mo, Xiyuan Zhang, Brigitte C. Widemann, Jack F. Shern. Identifying potential immunotherapeutic targets on malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors via surfaceomic profiling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 461.
Gut Microbial Regulation of Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms

Relationships between gut microbiome perturbation and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been observed in several human studies, but the functional implications and molecular mechanisms by which microbes may influence disease symptomology remain enigmatic. A recently published study by Sharon et al. offers evidence that the gut microbiome has a causative role in ASD and highlights the importance of early-life gut microbial metabolites in shaping mammalian behavior.
Impact of perceived contraceptive policy changes on long acting reversible contraception dispensing trends

We observed the long-term trend of Long Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) usage before and after the 2016 presidential election. We observed the rate of LARC dispensed at a university student ...
Independent freestanding emergency departments and implications for the rural emergency physician workforce in Texas.

OBJECTIVE Independent freestanding emergency departments (IFEDs) have proliferated over the last decade, largely in Texas. We examined the IFED physician workforce composition and changes in emergency physician workforce supply across states and in rural Texas over the period of IFED proliferation following a 2009 legislation allowing the licensing of these sites. DATA SOURCES IFED websites, Texas Medical Board lookup tool, National Plan & Provider Enumeration System (NPPES), Provider Enrollment and Chain/Ownership System (PECOS), Medicare Physician Shared Patient Patterns, CareSet DocGraph Hop Teaming, Healthcare Provider Database. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive analysis of the IFED physician workforce; quasi-experimental difference-in-difference analysis of Texas emergency physician movement into and out of the state; and difference-in-difference-in-difference analysis of the change in emergency physician supply between rural and urban areas in Texas compared with other states. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS Using the NPIs obtained through Texas IFED websites and Texas Medical Board data, we examined NPPES/PECOS files, Medicare Physician Shared Patient Patterns, and CareSet DocGraph Hop Teaming for IFED physician practice locations from 2009 to 2017. We extracted all active emergency physicians from a Healthcare Provider Database, derived from a 5% Medicare claims (1999-2017). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In 2019, 545 physicians practiced in Texas IFEDs, of which 515 (94.5%) were emergency physicians. We located 533 in previous practice, of whom 522 (97.9%) previously practiced in Disproportionate Share Hospitals and 100 (18.8%) in rural areas. Following legislation to begin licensing IFEDs in 2009, there were on average 42.1 (P < .01) moving into Texas and 17.0 (P < .01) fewer moving out compared with all other states. Our results also indicated that the difference in emergency physician supply between rural and urban Texas was 1,002 (P < .01) fewer than for other states. CONCLUSIONS New models of health care organizations such as IFEDs have workforce implications that may further exacerbate rural and underserved workforce and access challenges.
A Deployable Hexagonal Reflectarray Antenna for Space Applications

In this paper, a novel deployable reflectarray aperture for CubeSats is introduced. The proposed aperture achieved an aperture efficiency, $\boldsymbol{\eta}_{a}$ , of 78%. When compared to the traditional rectangular aperture, the proposed aperture increases the $\boldsymbol{\eta}_{a}$ by 8% while maintaining equivalent packing efficiency. The results of this study were obtained analytically. The proposed aperture can be used to increase the efficiency of space communications systems while providing optimal packing efficiency.
Varying influences of the built environment on daily and hourly pedestrian crossing volumes at signalized intersections estimated from traffic signal controller event data

Abstract Direct-demand models of pedestrian volumes (identifying relationships with built environment characteristics) require pedestrian data, typically from short-duration manual counts at a limited number of locations. We overcome these limitations using a novel source of pedestrian data: estimated pedestrian crossing volumes based on push-button event data recorded in traffic signal controller logs. These continuous data allow us to study more sites (1494 signalized intersections throughout Utah, US) over a much longer time period (one year) than in previous models, including the ability to detect variations across days-of-week and times-of-day. Specifically, we develop direct demand (log-linear regression) models that represent relationships between built environment variables (calculated at ¼- and ½-mile network buffers) and annual average daily and hourly pedestrian metrics. We control spatial autocorrelation through the use of spatial error models. All results confirm theorized relationships: There is more pedestrian activity at intersections with greater population and employment densities, a larger proportion of commercial and residential land uses, more connected street networks, more nearby services and amenities, and in lower-income neighborhoods with larger households. Notably, we also find relevant day-of-week and time-of-day differences. For example, schools attract pedestrian activity, but only on weekdays during daytime hours, and the coefficient for places of worship is higher in the weekend model. K-fold cross-validation results show the predictive power of our models. Results demonstrate the value of these novel pedestrian signal data for planning purposes and offer support for built environment interventions and land use policies to encourage walkable communities.
CO2 electro-reduction on Cu3P: Role of Cu(I) oxidation state and surface facet structure in C1-formate production and H2 selectivity

Abstract We report the catalytic activity and mechanism of copper(I) phosphide, Cu3P, with predominant [00Ι] facet exposure for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to formic acid. Crystalline nanosheets of this compound that show a preferential [00Ι] facet orientation exhibit undiminished CO2RR activity after 16 hours with full retention of crystal structure and surface chemical speciation and no detectable corrosion. In contrast to the range of products formed on Cu metal, CuO, and Cu2O, the CO2RR on Cu3P [00Ι] produces mainly hydrogen and formate as the sole carbon product in KHCO3 electrolyte. Analysis of the Cu3P [00Ι] facet by HAADF-STEM was used to determine the surface lattice structure, while both XPS and Auger spectroscopies were used to determine the surface chemical speciation from the kinetic energies of ionized electrons. The presented analysis identifies isolated trigonal CuP3 sites on the Cu3P[00Ι]-Cu3P3 terminated surface and the Cu(I) oxidation state as precursor to the active catalyst. The CO2RR selectivity to formate and the higher turnover rate for H2 production on the [00Ι] facet allows a structure-activity analysis and chemical mechanism to be proposed. Formation of a surface hydride at isolated *H-CuP3 sites is proposed as the catalytic site in forming both H2 and formate, while the long Cu—Cu separation retards forming C-C coupling products. These results disprove previously published claims of Cu(I) oxidation state as a sufficient criterion to promote CO2RR to C2+ products, show that stronger bonded hydrides, *H-CuP3 on Cu3P, favor production of the C1 product formate over all other carbon products, and predict that stronger formate binding (bidentate) is needed for CO2RR currents to compete with H2 production.
ESTIMATION WITH CENSORED REGRESSORS: BASIC ISSUES*

We study issues that arise for estimation of a linear model when a regressor is censored. We discuss the efficiency losses from dropping censored observations, and illustrate the losses for bound censoring. We show that the common practice of introducing a dummy variable to “correct for” censoring does not correct bias or improve estimation. We show how censored observations generally have zero semiparametric information, and we discuss implications for estimation. We derive the likelihood function for a parametric model of mixed bound-independent censoring, and apply that model to the estimation of wealth effects on consumption.
Computers in Teaching and Learning Discrete Mathematics and Abstract Algebra

This paper begins with a description of some specific conceptual difficulties that students encounter in their attempts to handle certain mathematical topics. Next, the paper gives a description of the learning theory that is driving the author’s development. Then, explanations are given of the difficulties based on the learning theory. Finally, the paper describes some instructional treatments that have been designed, using computers, that are based on the given explanations. Specific examples are drawn from the teaching of discrete mathematics and abstract algebra.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Bacteria in Er(III) Solution by Thin-Film Magnetopheresis

Magnetic deposition, quantitation, and identification of bacteria reacting with the paramagnetic trivalent lanthanide ion, Er, was evaluated. The magnetic deposition method was dubbed thin-film magnetopheresis. The optimization of the magnetic deposition protocol was accomplished with Escherichia coli as a model organism in 150 mM NaCl and 5 mM ErCl(3) solution. Three gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis, and four gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were subsequently investigated. Quantitative analysis consisted of the microscopic cell count and a scattered-light scanning of the magnetically deposited material aided by the computer data acquisition system. Qualitative analysis consisted of Gram stain differentiation and fluorescein isothiocyanate staining in combination with selected antisera against specific types of bacteria on the solid substrate. The magnetic deposition protocol allowed quantitative detection of E. coli down to the concentration of 10 CFU ml, significant in clinical diagnosis applications such as urinary tract infections. Er did not interfere with the typical appearance of the Gram-stained bacteria nor with the antigen recognition by the antibody in the immunohistological evaluations. Indirect antiserum-fluorescein isothiocyanate labelling correctly revealed the presence of E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa in the magnetically deposited material obtained from the mixture of these two bacterial species. On average, the reaction of gram-positive organisms was significantly stronger to the magnetic field in the presence of Er than the reaction of gram-negative organisms. The thin-film magnetophoresis offers promise as a rapid method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacteria in solutions such as urine or environmental water.
Self-Esteem, Self-Prediction, and Living up to Commitments

In this chapter, we examine the role of self-esteem in complex self- regulation. Although high self-esteem generally is associated with superior self-regulation (Bandura, 1989; Taylor, 1989), we present evidence indicating that high self-esteem may interfere with self-regulation when self-esteem is threatened. We propose that an optimal level of self- esteem is important for successfully making and living up to commitments.
Conflicts of Interest and Your Physician: Psychological Processes That Cause Unexpected Changes in Behavior

The ubiquitous nature of medical conflicts of interest is attracting increased attention from physicians, policymakers, and patients. However, little work has examined the psychological processes at play in the presence of such conflicts. I investigate the subtle influences arising from conflicts of interest that change behavior in both physicians and patients. First, I explore why physicians accept gifts from pharmaceutical companies and medical device manufacturers that appear, to many critics, to be unethical. I review evidence from my published and ongoing research that demonstrates two psychological processes that enable physicians to accept industry gifts: (a) a sense of entitlement and (b) a sense of invulnerability to the biasing effects of conflicts of interest. Second, I investigate the situations that may increase or decrease bias. I find that people, subject to a financial conflict of interest, show greater bias in their advice when they feel less able to identify with the advice-recipient(s). This, perversely, leads to advisors giving more biased advice to groups of people than to one identified individual. Finally, I examine the impact of the conflicted advice on the patient and the success of policies intended to manage such conflicts. Mandatory second opinions and disclosure are often advocated as potential solutions to deal with conflicts of interest. However, both policies have limitations and can sometimes make matters worse. A primary advisor who knows about a second advisor may give even more biased advice since the presence of a second advisor undermines the relationship with the primary advisor. Also, although disclosure of a conflict of interest does have the intended effect of causing patients to trust the advice they receive less, I find that it also has an additional unintended consequence: it creates increased pressure to comply with the (distrusted) advice. This increased pressure occurs because patients want to avoid appearing as though they believe that the (now disclosed) conflict of interest has corrupted their doctors' advice. Thus, instead of being merely a warning, disclosure can become a burdensome request to comply with advice the patient trusts less. These results highlight potential pitfalls that new policies intended to address conflicts of interest should seek to avoid.
The False-Negative Hemoccult Test

Abstract Evidence has been presented to indicate the usefulness of fecal occult blood testing in the detection of early colon cancer and colon adenomas. The most reliable test seems to be the Hemoccult slide test. However. false-negatives occur with this test. One of the reasons postulated for some false-negatives is a conversion of an initial positive reaction to a negative reaction on storage of the specimens.
CD4 count is predictive of outcome in HIV-positive patients undergoing abdominal operations

Abstract Background The impact of immune status and surgical outcome in patients with HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains unknown. Methods Clinical variables of HIV/AIDS patients undergoing abdominal surgery were examined for their impact on outcome. Results Major abdominal procedures were performed in 77 patients with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS (55 males, mean age 41.1 years, mean CD4 count 210 mg/dL). A majority of operations (53%) were performed on an urgent basis. Patients undergoing urgent procedures had lower CD4 counts (129 ± 121 vs 303 ± 324, P = .002). The mean CD4 count was lower for patients with complications (146 ± 156 vs 288 ± 319, P = .013) and for those who died (112 ± 113 vs 251 ± 283, P = .026). On multivariate analysis, CD4 count was independently associated with an increased risk for complication, and urgent operation was associated with an increased risk for mortality. Conclusion Patients with HIV/AIDS who had lower CD4 counts were more likely to require an urgent operation and experience a complication with increased mortality.
Eyeblinks and visual suppression

A technique for bypassing the eyelids permits equivalent visual stimulation of the retina before, during, or after a blink. Sensitivity to these stimuli decreases during voluntary blinks. This indicates that the source of the deficit is neural rather than optical. Such a visual loss may help to explain the common experience that most blinks go unnoticed.
An assay for human erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity using a catechol estrogen as the substrate.

Abstract A radiometric assay for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in human erythrocytes is described that employs 2-hydroxy[3H]estrone, and nonradiolabeled S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the cosubstrates. The ease of separation of the product of the reaction, 2-methoxy[3H]estrone from 2-hydroxy-[3H] estrone makes it possible to achieve low reaction blanks. The assay is very sensitive, and only 200 μl of whole blood are used per determination. The assay is highly reproducible. The interassay variability (coefficient of variation) was 6.5% for 24 assays of COMT activity in red blood cells in blood obtained daily for 24 days from one person. In incubations conducted at 37°C for 30 min, the catechol-O-methyltransferase activity was a linear function of enzyme concentration (equivalent to 11 to 180 μl of packed red blood cells). Employing this assay, we evaluated the catalytic conversion of 2-hydroxyestrone to 2-methoxyestrone by catechol-O-methyltransferase from human red blood cells and found that the apparent Michaelis constant and the apparent maximal rate of reaction were 3 × 10−7 M and 6.7 × 10−9 mol · ml−1 erythrocytes · h−1, respectively. The catechol-O-methyltransferase activity measured in erythrocytes obtained from 100 healthy subjects (men and nonpregnant women) was 8.2 ± 0.17 (mean ± S.E.) nmol 2-methoxyestrone · ml−1 erythrocytes · h−1.
Transition between proliferation and differentiation for lens epithelial cells is regulated by Src family kinases.

As in many cell types, lens cells must withdraw from the cell cycle before they initiate their differentiation. The involvement of Src family kinases (SFKs) in this key initiating event in cell differentiation was examined in lens epithelial cell cultures. SFK activity was suppressed with the specific inhibitor PP1. This induced expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p27 and p57 and suppressed lens epithelial cell proliferation. Therefore, inhibition of SFK activity created conditions permissive for undifferentiated lens epithelial cells to withdraw from the cell cycle. Growth of the lens epithelial cell cultures in the presence of PP1 induced expression of filensin and CP49, lens differentiation-specific intermediate filament proteins, providing evidence that suppression of SFK activity also promoted the initiation of lens cell differentiation. The mechanism by which PP1 signaled cell cycle withdrawal and commitment to differentiation was shown to involve induction of N-cadherin cell-cell junction assembly and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton from stress fibers to cortical filaments. This result was supported by the compaction of the epithelial monolayer in response to PP1, a morphogenetic change that we have previously shown to be dependent on N-cadherin function and a hallmark of the commencement of the lens differentiation program in culture. The results presented in this study suggest that the decision of lens epithelial cells to withdraw from the cell cycle and initiate differentiation requires inhibition of SFKs and the formation of N-cadherin cell-cell junctions.