cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiences Learning Interpersonal Neurobiology: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Neuroscience is increasingly part of the national dialogue regarding mental health and yet little is known about the experiences of mental health professionals learning and integrating neuroscience into their work. In this study, the authors explored mental health professionals' experiences learning Interpersonal Neurobiology (IPNB). Four super-ordinate themes emerged from an interpretative phenomenological analysis: (1) learning process as dynamic and engaging, (2) deepening knowledge and understanding of self and others, (3) personal and professional growth, and (4) impact on therapeutic practice. Three higher-order constructs appeared embedded within and across themes: learning as ongoing, person of the participant, and person of the instructor. These findings suggest learning IPNB through experiential-based means had a profound impact on participants' personal and professional development, specifically in areas related to characteristics of effective counselors. Implications for future research and me...
Base Rates of “10 to 11” Clocks in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease

We extended the work of Rouleau et al. (I. Rouleau, D. P. Salmon, N. Butters, C. Kennedy, & K. McGuire, Quantitative and qualitative analyses of clock drawings in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Brain and Cognition, 18, 1992, 70-87) and Ryan et al. (J. J. Ryan, S. J. Lopez, & S. W. Sumerall, Base rate of "10 to 11" clocks among patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, 1995, 1138) by providing base rates for "10 to 11" clocks in samples of healthy elderly (n = 168), Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 81), and Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 105). Groups were comparable in age and education. Stimulus bound clocks occurred in 3.0% of controls, 30.9% of AD, 5.7% of PD, and 10.2% of the combined sample. The 10.2% base rate is consistent with Ryan et al. for a mixed sample and Rouleau et al. for healthy elderly and patients with AD or Huntington's disease.
Design-for-testability for synchronous sequential circuits using locally available lines

Proposes a non-scan design-for-testability (DFT) method to increase the testability of synchronous sequential circuits. Non-scan DFT allows at-speed testing, as opposed to scan or partial-scan based DFT that normally leads to low-speed testing and longer test application times due to scan operations. The proposed method is based on the identification of several types of restrictions imposed by the combinational logic of the circuit on the values that can be assigned to the next-state variables. These restrictions limit the set of states the circuit can reach, thus limiting the set of input patterns that can be applied to its combinational logic during normal operation. This in turn limits the fault coverage that can be achieved. The proposed DFT procedure is different from other non-scan based DFT procedures in that it relies on lines available locally to drive the inserted DFT logic, avoiding the routing of primary input lines to the flip-flops, and the routing of internal lines to the primary outputs.
Electrical characterization of carbon nanotube Y-junctions: a foundation for new nanoelectronics

A review on the syntheses and electrical characterization of Y-shaped multi-walled carbon nanotube morphologies is presented. Modified thermal CVD processes, using Ti precursors, are used to grow Y-junctions of different geometries and distribution of catalyst particles. It has been established that novel electrical switching behavior is feasible, where any one of the three branches of the Y-junction can be used for modulating the electrical current flow through the other two branches. Current blocking behavior, leading to perfect rectification, is seen which could be related to the interplay of the carrier lifetime and the transit time. The overall goal is to investigate the possibility of obtaining novel functionality at the nanoscale, which can lead to new device paradigms.
A brief proof of a maximal rank theorem for generic double points in projective space

We give a simple proof of the following theorem of J. Alexander and A. Hirschowitz: Given a general set of points in projective space, the homogeneous ideal of polynomials that are singular at these points has the expected dimension in each degree of 4 and higher, except in 3 cases.
Load in CDMA Cellular Systems and its Relation to the Perron Root

It is well known that the feasibility of the power allocation problem in CDMA systems is directly linked to the Perron root of a channel gain matrix. In this paper, we show how the concept of load, as used in the CDMA network planning community, is linked to the Perron root and propose to use the Perron root as a load estimate. Specifically, we propose a practical iterative method to estimate the Perron root and revise various other approaches. All methods are analysed with respect to their suitability for analytical use in early-stage network planning. In addition, we extend the use of these methods from primitive matrices to cover the general case of non-negative channel gain matrices and illustrate the use of the irreducible normal form to provide tighter bounds than direct application under certain circumstances. In contrast to the use of traditional load equations, the proposed methods do not require the solution of the power allocation problem. Numerical examples show that particularly the proposed iterative solution provides very good results at low complexity.
What determines the slope of a plankton biomass spectrum

A number of studies have been performed to understand the characteristics of biomass (size) spectra in aquatic plankton communities around the world. Although the area below a biomass spectrum curve represents the abundance or biomass of a plankton community, it has been hypothesized that the slope and shape of a biomass spectrum are determined by rates of growth, respiration, mortality and trophic dynamics. Observations of biomass spectra indicate that the slope of a biomass spectrum is around -1 on the logarithmic coordinates. Empirical hypotheses of growth-survival and the theoretical framework on biomass conservation based on the rates of individual body growth and abundance change have been developed for interpreting the slope and domes of a biomass spectrum. Here, a mathematical method is developed for estimating specific rates of body growth and abundance change from observations of biomass spectra, and a mathematical model is constructed for the relationship between a biomass spectrum slope, community assimilation efficiency and trophic levels.
Asian small‐clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) urolithiasis prevalence in North America

The prevalence of urolithiasis in the North American Asian small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) population was determined through a retrospective survey. A questionnaire regarding diet and radiographic or necropsy evidence of urolithiasis was sent to the 16 North American institutions or individuals listed in the Asian Small-Clawed Otter North American Regional Studbook. Completed forms were returned by 75% of questionnaire recipients. Individual surveys or necropsy reports were received for 79.8% of the living or dead animals listed as comprising the North American population. Renal calculi were detected in 66.1%, and cystic calculi in 23.2%, of the captive adult population that had been radiographed or necropsied. All otters with cystic calculi also had renal calculi. Bilateral renal calculi occurred in 83.8% of affected otters. Both males (61.2%) and females (72%) were frequently affected. The prevalence of urolithiasis in wild-born otters was 76.7%, and in adult (≥1 year) captive-born otters it was 53.8%. The higher prevalence in wild-born otters may be a reflection of the older mean age at which they were first evaluated. In the overwhelming majority of otters with renal calculi, the calculi were multiple and diffusely distributed throughout the renal parenchyma. Renal and cystic calculi analyzed were primarily composed of calcium oxalate or urates. Glucosuria was infrequently reported. Necropsies of dependent neonates (≤ 2 months old) that died revealed cystic calculi in one animal. Renal disease was the cause of, or a contributing factor in, the deaths of all older animals whose necropsy reports were reviewed. The captive diet may be a contributing factor to urolith formation and progression.
Geographic analysis of nucleotide diversity and song sparrow (Aves: Emberizidae) population history

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region (CR) sequences were analysed to address three questions regarding the evolution of geographical variation in song sparrows. (i) Are mtDNA sequences more informative about phylogenetic relationships and population history than previously published restriction fragment (RFLP) data? (ii) Are song sparrow CR sequences evolving in a selectively neutral manner? (iii) What do the haplotype cladogram and geographical pattern of nucleotide diversity (π) suggest about the recent evolutionary history of song sparrow populations? Results from phylogenetic analyses of CR sequences corroborate RFLP results and reveal instances in which haplotypes do not group by locality. Neutrality tests (Tajima 1989a) suggest that song sparrow mtDNA is evolving in a selectively neutral manner, although exceptions are noted. A novel geographical pattern of π suggests a model of song sparrow population history involving multiple Pleistocene refugia and colonization of some formerly glaciated regions from multiple sources. Moreover, application of coalescence theory to the haplotype cladogram suggests that two different haplotypes (48NF and 151HA) may have predominated in different parts of the song sparrowOs range. This model provides insight into the current distribution of song sparrow mtDNA haplotypes and may explain the discordance between evolutionary history inferred from mtDNA and morphology in this species.
Robust minimum-distance estimation using the 3-parameter Weibull distribution

Maximum-likelihood and minimum-distance estimates were compared for the three-parameter Weibull distribution. Six estimation techniques were developed by using combinations of maximum-likelihood and minimum-distance estimation. The minimum-distance estimates were made using both the Anderson-Darling and Cramer-Von Mises goodness-of-fit statistics. The estimators were tested by Monte Carlo simulation. For each set of parameters and sample size, 1000 data sets were generated and evaluated. Five evaluation criteria were calculated; they measured both the precision of estimating the population parameters and the discrepancy between the estimated and population Cdfs. The robustness of the estimation techniques was tested by fitting Weibull Cdfs to data from other distributions. Whether the data were Weibull or generated from other distributions, minimum-distance estimation using the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit statistic on the location parameter and maximum likelihood on the shape and scale parameters was the best or close to the best estimation technique. >
A unified model of short-range and long-range motion perception

The human vision system is able to effortlessly perceive both short-range and long-range motion patterns in complex dynamic scenes. Previous work has assumed that two different mechanisms are involved in processing these two types of motion. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical model as a unified framework for modeling both short-range and long-range motion perception. Our model consists of two key components: a data likelihood that proposes multiple motion hypotheses using nonlinear matching, and a hierarchical prior that imposes slowness and spatial smoothness constraints on the motion field at multiple scales. We tested our model on two types of stimuli, random dot kinematograms and multiple-aperture stimuli, both commonly used in human vision research. We demonstrate that the hierarchical model adequately accounts for human performance in psychophysical experiments.
Simultaneous monitoring of faecal indicators and harmful algae using an in-situ autonomous sensor

UNLABELLED Faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and harmful algal blooms (HABs) threaten the health and the economy of coastal communities worldwide. Emerging automated sampling technologies combined with molecular analytical techniques could enable rapid detection of micro-organisms in-situ, thereby improving resource management and public health decision-making. We evaluated this concept using a robotic device, the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP). The ESP automates in-situ sample collection, nucleic acid extraction and molecular analyses. Here, the ESP measured and reported concentrations of FIB (Enterococcus spp.), a microbial source-tracking marker (human-specific Bacteriodales) and a HAB species (Psuedo-nitzschia spp.) over a 45-day deployment on the Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Both FIB and HABs were enumerated from single in-situ collected water samples. The in-situ qPCR efficiencies ranged from 86% to 105%, while the limit of quantifications during the deployment was 10 copies reaction(-1) . No differences were observed in the concentrations of enterococci, the human-specific marker in Bacteroidales spp., and P. australis between in-situ collected sample and traditional hand sampling methods (P > 0·05). Analytical results were Internet-accessible within hours of sample collection, demonstrating the feasibility of same-day public notification of current water quality conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study presents the first report of in-situ qPCR enumeration of both faecal indicators and harmful algal species in coastal marine waters. We utilize a robotic device for in-situ quantification of enterococci, the human-specific marker in Bacteriodales and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. from the same water samples collected and processed in-situ. The results demonstrate that rapid, in-situ monitoring can be utilized to identify and quantify multiple health-relevant micro-organisms important in water quality monitoring and that this monitoring can be used to inform same-day notifications.
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Effect of Activation Gas After Varying Cu Promoter Loading Over K-Promoted Fe-Based Catalyst

The effects of activation gas and copper promoter loading on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis performance of potassium promoted precipitated iron-based catalysts were investigated using a continuously stirred tank reactor. In this study, CO and syngas (H2/CO = 0.7) activated catalysts were tested after varying the copper promoter loading (0, 2 and 5 %, atomic ratios relative to iron). After attaining a steady-state conversion for the CO-activated catalysts, similar or slightly higher CO conversions were exhibited with increasing copper loading, and the induction period was reduced with increasing copper loading. Partial pressure of hydrogen in the activation gas influenced the resulting activity of the catalysts. For syngas activated catalysts, CO conversion was found to increase with increasing copper loading up to 2 %, and slightly decrease with further increases in copper (5 %) loading. For similar CO conversion levels, the selectivities were similar for the CO activated catalysts, whereas for the syngas activated catalysts, the selectivity varied with copper loading. With increasing copper loading, lower hydrocarbon (methane and C2–C4) selectivities decreased and the corresponding higher hydrocarbon (C5+) selectivity increased.
Grouping Patterns and Selection of Forage by the Scimitar-Horned Oryx (Oryx dammah) in the Llano Uplift Region of Texas

Abstract Studies quantifying the grouping and forage-selection patterns of scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) in Texas or in their native range, where they are probably extinct, are scarce. This oryx is less dimorphic in size than most ruminants; dimorphism in size is associated with intersexual differences in grouping patterns and diet. We hypothesized that males and females associate in mixed-sex groups and do not exhibit intersexual differences in selection of forage. Our study was conducted at Mason Mountain Wildlife Management Area, Mason County, Texas, during June 2006–April 2007. Grouping patterns were measured from systematic surveys conducted from vehicles at dawn and in the afternoon in 6 different months. We collected fecal samples from individuals of known sex and assessed diet using fragments of plants in fecal samples. We measured seasonal availability of food in areas where fecal samples were collected. We encountered mixed-sex groups more often than same-sex groups and we detected no diffe...
Making a difference: Stories of successful seismic safety advocates

Abstract Promoting seismic safety is difficult. Earthquakes are not high on the political agenda, because they occur infrequently and are overshadowed by more immediate, visible issues. Nevertheless, seismic safety policies do get adopted and implemented by state and local governments. One important reason is the presence of effective advocates. This paper summarizes a study that reviewed eight examples of successful seismic safety advocacy throughout the United States. These stories exhibit a number of common themes. All of them show the importance of persistence (and patience) and the value of seeking partnerships. Personal contacts are crucial. The cases also show the importance of post-earthquake windows of opportunity. In several of the cases, community actions for seismic safety emanate from concerns about school safety. Finally, several of the cases demonstrate how initial efforts and seed funding provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey can catalyze substa...
Multi-level secure JTAG architecture

Increases in the powerful features being deployed through the JTAG interface has left the testing platform vulnerable to malicious users. In this paper the hardware implementation of a flexible multilevel security access system is described. The security mechanism allows for higher granularity for controlling user access of individual scan chains. This allows for blocking of individual opcodes from being loaded into scan chains. The hardware modifications proposed are complaint with IEEE 1149.1 and require no modifications to the core logic of the IC.
Downbeat nystagmus in an infant ¢ $ Spontaneous resolution during infancy

Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) has been associated with pathologic as well as idiopathic conditions. DBN may occur during infancy or childhood or may be congenital. In all reported cases, the DBN persisted. The authors report an infant with DBN that resolved within the first year of life.The patient's DBN was observed by six weeks of age. The patient preferred to keep her head in a chin-down position. Her physical and neurologic examination was otherwise normal. Family history contained no nystagmus. The DBN was documented by both vertical DC electro-oculography and infrared oculography. The DBN slow phases were predominantly of constant velocity. Subsquent magnetic resonance imaging studies and metabolic investigations were negative. The DBN was clinically undetectable at nine months of age. A repeat oculographic study at one year of age confirmed the resolution of DBN.It is suggested that, in this case, DBN was caused by an immaturity of central connections associated with the vertical canal pathways and its ...
Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis: Examination of Chemokine and Chemokine Receptor Families

Abstract Johnston, C. J., Williams, J. P., Okunieff, P. and Finkelstein, J. N. Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis: Examination of Chemokine and Chemokine Receptor Families. Radiat. Res. 157, 256 – 265 (2002). Fibrosis is a common outcome of chronic inflammation or injury. Pulmonary fibrosis may be the result of abnormal repair after an acute inflammatory response. The process of repair initiated by a tissue insult is largely a function of the activation of cells to produce important biological mediators such as cytokines, growth factors and chemokines, which orchestrate most aspects of the inflammatory response. Consequently, altered regulation of the production of inflammatory cell cytokines and chemokines after injury and repair likely contributes to the fibrosis. Our hypothesis is that chronic expression of specific chemokine and chemokine receptors during the fibrotic phase induced by thoracic irradiation may perpetuate the recruitment and activation of lymphocytes and macrophages, which may contrib...
Roadside soils show low plant available zinc and copper concentrations

Abstract Vehicle combustion and component wear are a major source of metal contamination in the environment, which could be especially concerning where road ditches are actively farmed. The objective of this study was to assess how site variables, namely age, traffic (vehicles day −1 ), and percent carbon (%C) affect metal accumulation in roadside soils. A soil chronosequence was established with sites ranging from 3 to 37 years old and bioavailable, or mobile, concentrations of Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) were measured along major highways in North Carolina using a Mehlich III extraction. Mobile Zn and Cu concentrations were low overall, and when results were scaled via literature values to “total metal”, the results were still generally lower than previous roadside studies. This could indicate farming on lands near roads would pose a low plant toxicity risk. Zinc and Cu were not correlated with annual average traffic count, but were positively correlated with lifetime traffic load (the product of site age and traffic count). This study shows an often overlooked variable, site age, should be included when considering roadside pollution accumulation. Zinc and Cu were more strongly associated with %C, than traffic load. Because vehicle combustion is also a carbon source, it is not obvious whether the metals and carbon are simply co-accumulating or whether the soil carbon in roadside soils may facilitate previously overlooked roles in sequestering metals on-site.
Osteitis pubis of traumatic etiology.

A review of the literature indicates that osteitis pubis is considered by the majority of authors to be an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin which occurs most commonly following retropubic surgery in males. It is believed that heretofore this disease occurring in young adults of both sexes following trauma to the symphysis pubis may have been overlooked in reporting of cases. The specific pathological picture of traumatic osteitis pubis has been suggested by virtue of microscopic examination of tissue removed from the patient discussed.
Los Angeles, a World of New Immigrants: An Image of Things to Come?

With a population of 14.5 millon in 1990, Los Angeles is the largest metropolitan region of the United States after New York. In the last 30 years, the city has emerged as a First World metropolis with a substantial Third World immigrant population. Its ethnic profile has been transformed by a massive labour migration, mainly from Mexico, and by a substantial immigration of professionals and entrepreneurs, mainly from East Asia and the Middle East. Partly reflecting this differentiation in types of immigrants, its economy has been polarized between a highwage sector which attracts immigrant professionals and a low-wage sector of small firms, often owned or managed by immigrant entrepreneurs and providing employment for labor migrants. These changes are also occurring in other metropolitan regions of Europe and the United states, but they are most striking in Los Angeles where they provide an image of things to come.
The slice spectral sequence for certain $$RO({C_{p^{n}}} )$$ R O ( C p n ) -graded suspensions of $$H{\underline{\mathbf{Z}}}$$ H Z ̲

We study the slice filtration and associated spectral sequence for a family of $$RO(C_{p^{n}})$$ -graded suspensions of the Eilenberg–MacLane spectrum for the constant Mackey functor $$\underline{\mathbb Z}$$ . Since $$H\underline{\mathbb Z}$$ is the zero slice of the sphere spectrum, this begins an analysis of how one can describe the slices of a suspension in terms of the original slices.
A Bayesian Approach to Import Sample Selection

With over one million lots of imported food entering the U.S. each year, the Food and Drug Administration is able to sample only about 6% of these lots to determine if the food violates U.S. laws. To make the best possible use of scarce inspection resources, a Bayesian decision model for sampling imported food lots is proposed. The consequences of a violative lot being imported and consumed involve consumer health, consumer non-health and producer consequences. These consequences are integrated with the prior probabilities of each food lot being violative to generate the social utility of sampling. The social utilities are then ranked by the severity and costs of inspection and are used to prioritize sampling. Adaptive filters may smooth the daily variation in the prior probability of a lot being violative. To counteract game-playing importers, a simple weighted randomization scheme is superimposed upon the ranked utilities.
1995 Gaston Labat Lecture. Ropivacaine. White knight or dark horse

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ropivacaine, a new local anesthetic now under Federal Drug Administration review for clinical release, is a unique drug designed to take advantage of cardiac sodium channel stereoselectivity. The Labat lecture, honoring the father of regional anesthesia, pays tribute to the master by tracing the evolution of knowledge transfer from basic science frontiers to safer clinical practice. METHODS A survey was made of pertinent English-language literature on stereoselectivity of bupivacaine isomers and the evaluation and validation of ropivacaine, including a stereoisomerism primer for the nonscientist. RESULTS A synopsis of current basic and (pre)clinical findings, preparing North American clinicians for the imminent introduction of ropivacaine, is presented, along with predictions for potential clinical application. CONCLUSIONS Bupivacaine cardiotoxicity results from prolonged sodium channel dwell time of the R(ectus), as compared with the S(inister), stereoisomer. Bupivacaine, like most aminoamide local anesthetics (except lidocaine), has a chiral (asymmetric) carbon atom where the amide linkage joins the hydrophilic tail. Chirality yields two steric forms (S and R) which are spatial mirror images (like the left hand trapped in a right glove) with different receptor kinetics; commercial bupivacaine is the optically inactive racemic (RS) mixture of R- and S-bupivacaine. Ropivacaine is unique in that membrane separation synthesis exclusively yields the S-monomer, which is a local anesthetic with lower cardiotoxic potential than racemic bupivacaine. Its immediate clinical application would be in obstetric analgesia, whereas its shorter duration of action and weaker motor block should make it useful in ambulatory anesthesia.
Bio-inspired heterogeneous composites for broadband vibration mitigation.

Structural biological materials have developed heterogeneous and hierarchical architectures that are responsible for the outstanding performance to provide protection against environmental threats including static and dynamic loading. Inspired by this observation, this research aims to develop new material and structural concepts for broadband vibration mitigation. The proposed composite materials possess a two-layered heterogeneous architecture where both layers consist of high-volume platelet-shape reinforcements and low-volume matrix, similar to the well-known “brick and mortar” microstructure of biological composites. Using finite element method, we numerically demonstrated that broadband wave attenuation zones can be achieved by tailoring the geometric features of the heterogeneous architecture. We reveal that the resulting broadband attenuation zones are gained by directly superimposing the attenuation zones in each constituent layer. This mechanism is further confirmed by the investigation into the phonon dispersion relation of each layer. Importantly, the broadband wave attenuation capability will be maintained when the mineral platelet orientation is locally manipulated, yet a contrast between the mineral platelet concentrations of the two constituent layers is essential. The findings of this work will provide new opportunities to design heterogeneous composites for broadband vibration mitigation and impact resistance under mechanically challenging environmental conditions.
Impact of Renal Function on Outcomes With Edoxaban in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial.

Background:Edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor with 50% renal clearance, was noninferior to well-managed warfarin for stroke or systemic embolism (S/SE) prevention and reduced bleeding in patient...
Middle School Teachers' Perceptions of Computer-Assisted Reading Intervention Programs

Middle schools often turn to computer-assisted reading intervention programs to improve student reading. The questions guiding this study are (a) in what ways are computer-assisted reading intervention programs utilized, and (b) what are teachers' perceptions about these intervention programs? Nineteen secondary reading teachers were interviewed regarding their perceptions of one of three programs. Emerging themes fell into three major categories: teaching experiences, program use, and technology. Findings focused on the need for programs to engage students in actual reading, to move instruction beyond a decoding focus, to provide books that match student interests, and to increase motivation to read.
Canonical and noncanonical functions of ULK/Atg1

Mammalian Unc-51-like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1 and ULK2) belong to the ULK/Atg1 family of serine/threonine kinases, which are conserved from yeast to mammals. Although ULK/Atg1 is best known for regulating flux through the autophagy pathway, it has evolutionarily conserved noncanonical functions in protein trafficking that are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. As a direct target of energy- and nutrient-sensing kinases, ULK/Atg1 is positioned to regulate the distribution and use of cellular resources in response to metabolic cues. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms through which ULK/Atg1 carries out its canonical and noncanonical functions and the signaling pathways that link its function to metabolism. We also highlight potential contributions of ULK/Atg1 in human diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration.
The history of the middle in Dogon

Donno So, a Dogon language of Mali, has a class of verbs (C3) that exhibits an interesting set of formal and semantic properties. The verbs in this class have different derivational histories; they also have various typs of meaning (middle; middle-related; non-middle). Although C3 verbs cannot be unified derivationally or semantically, they can all be defined both paradigmatically and in terms of phonotactic constraints, like the other two verb classes in Donno So. Comparison with other Dogon languages shows how the middle evolved in Dogon and how Donno So C3 verbs in turn evolved from the middle. These results expand Kemmer's [1993] discussion of the processes invoved in the evolution of middle systems. The comparison also provides some hypotheses about the history of Dogon.
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Endothelial Dysfunction: Its Role in Excess CVD in African Americans

African Americans have high incidences of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Clinical studies demonstrate oxidative stress (OS) and lower blood GSH levels correlate with biomarkers of early atherosclerosis such as carotid intima media thickness and blood pressure. G6PD-deficient cells are susceptible to OS, which can lead to exhaustion/deficiency of GSH. We examined the hypothesis that G6PD-deficiency decreases GSH and Nitric oxide (NO), and upregulates cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which can lead to excess endothelial dysfunction (ED) and atherosclerosis risk. G6PD deficiency in HUVEC and U937 monocytes was induced by using siRNA or by its pharmacological inhibitor (6-AN). G6PD-deficiency exhibited a dose-dependent increase in CAMs (ICAM-1 & VCAM-1), NADPH Oxidase 4, iNOS, MCP-1 and ROS, and reduction in GSH, eNOS and NO levels (p
THE FUNCTION OF AN ALTERNATIVE TERMINAL OXIDASE IN NEUROSPORA

ABSTRACT Under special conditions, the fungus Neurospora crassa derepresses an alternative terminal oxidase which branches from the cytochrome chain on the oxygen side of the dehydrogenases and is sensitive to the inhibitor salicyl hydroxamic acid (SHAM). The present paper describes the conditions for derepression of the alternate oxidase and gives evidence for its physiological role in permitting ATP synthesis at site I and via substrate-level phosphorylation.
Biceps Tenodesis and Intra-articular Decompression for Treatment of Superior Labral Tear from Anterior to Posterior and Associated Paralabral Cyst in Active Duty Military

Background To examine the outcomes of combined biceps tenodesis and indirect, intra-articular arthroscopic paralabral cyst decompression for the treatment of active duty military patients with superior labral from anterior to posterior tears and associated paralabral cysts. Methods Retrospective chart review of all active duty patients at our institution from 2011 to 2014 with superior labral from anterior to posterior tears and associated paralabral cysts at the spinoglenoid notch treated with biceps tenodesis and indirect arthroscopic cyst decompression. Patient charts were examined for pre- and post-operative parameters including strength, range of motion, visual analog scale pain score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Score, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation Score. Results Seven patients met study criteria. All patients presented with chronic shoulder pain and decreased external rotation strength, and three patients had clinically apparent muscular atrophy. Pre- and post-operative assessment showed external rotation strength increased from a median of 4 (range 4-4) to 5 (range 4-5; p-value = 0.014), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation increased from a median of 50 (range 0-70) to 75 (range 30-95; p-value = 0.031), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon increased from a median of 46.0 (range 32.0-58.0) to 66.5 (range 58.0-98.0; p-value = 0.068), and visual analog scale pain score decreased from a median of 3 (range 1-8) to 0 (range 0-5; p-value = 0.017). Median follow-up was 66 wk (range 36-138 wk). The change was statistically significant (p <0.05) for external rotation strength, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and VAS reduction. Post-operatively, all patients returned to full duty at a median of 20 wk (range 12-36 wk). Conclusion The use of biceps tenodesis in conjunction with indirect, intra-articular arthroscopic paralabral cyst decompression is an effective technique in an active patient population with superior labral from anterior to posterior tear with associated paralabral cyst.
We can’t do this alone: Validating and inspiring social justice teaching through a community of transformative praxis

AbstractSince the passing of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), neoliberal policies, such as standardized curriculum, high-stakes tests, accountability measures, school choice, charter sc...
Karl Polanyi and the writing of The Great Transformation

Karl Polanyi's 1944 book, The Great Transformation, has been recognized as central for the field of economic sociology, but it has not been subject to the same theoretical scrutiny as other classic works in the field. This is a particular problem in that there are central tensions and complexities in Polanyi's argument. This article suggests that these tensions can be understood as a consequence of Polanyi's changing theoretical orientation. The basic outline of the book was developed in England in the late 1930s when Polanyi was working within a specific type of Marxist framework. However, as he was writing the book, he developed several new concepts, including fictitious commodities and the embedded economy, that led in new directions. Because circumstances did not give him the time to revise his manuscript, the book is marked by a tension between these different moments in his own theoretical development. The result is that Polanyi glimpses the concept of the always embedded market economy, but he does not name it or elaborate it.
Robert Paige: Researcher and Teacher

Bob Paige, a professor of computer science and a leading researcher in the area of programming languages and transformational programming, died October 5, 1999, at his home in Manhattan. He was 52 years old. Bob had mesothelioma, a type of cancer, which he fought courageously and successfully for several years. For the last fourteen years of his life, he was a professor in the Department of Computer Science at New York University. He also served on the faculty at Rutgers, Purdue, Wisconsin, Yale, the University of Copenhagen and the University of Aarhus in Denmark. Robert Paige was born in Brooklyn in 1947. He was an accomplished musician in his youth, showing great promise as a trumpet player, but turned down a professional orchestral career to attend Occidental College, where he earned his B.S. degree in 1968. His subsequent work in the emerging computer industry was followed by joining NYU in 1969 as a staff member, where he built one of the first time-sharing systems for multiuser mainframe computers. This project led him to a research career in computer science; he became a graduate student at NYU, and earned his Ph.D. in 1979. The fundamental theme of Paige’s research was automatic programming of complex computer systems. These systems typically include many clever “hand crafted” algorithms whose efficiency scientists try to optimize; in contrast, Paige worked on fundamental methodology for automating the creation of these algorithms, largely without human intervention. His thesis introduced the novel use of “finite differencing,” usually used in numerical calculations, as a means of automatic program synthesis. He intended his technology to support the high productivity needed in software design, while minimizing human error. Paige’s technology could synthesize programs involving hundreds of thousands of lines of code. This seminal research also produced the best known algorithms for many ubiquitous programming problems. Dr. Paige was the author of many research papers, covering related topics in programming languages, compilers, algorithms, and database design. An invited speaker at conferences and university seminars around the world, he also served regularly as a reviewer of research projects for major government agencies. He was a devoted mentor of Ph.D. students who today hold research positions at leading universities and research centers. Bob was more than a good scientist. More important, he was a lovely person. His students and many of his colleagues regarded him with an affection and respect that was far more than professional courtesy. His generosity and his encouragement were an inspiration to those around him. When I was a junior faculty member, and I knew him some but not well, he came up after a conference talk I gave and said, “I like your stuff and think it’s really good—and I know a program officer who funds me, and would be very interested. Come on—let me introduce you to him!” The result was an invitation to a meeting of principal investigators, several of whom were friends and colleagues who had never uttered a word to
Nucleation of hematite nanocrystals revealed by a single nanosecond laser pulse method

Full understanding about how nanocrystals nucleate is mainly inhibited by two factors: (1) lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework which can explain and predict the occurrence of a nonclassical indirect nucleation pathway, and (2) lack of a high temporal and spatial resolution observation method to study the nucleation process. Here we introduce a single nanosecond laser pulse method with TEM observation to reveal the nucleation mechanism of hematite nanocrystals. The single pulse experimental design aims at revealing the phenomenon at the earliest stage of the crystallization process. The short nanosecond heating duration prevents the aging process which might obscure the precise nucleation information for the TEM study. By this method, it is shown that the nucleation pathway of hematite nanocrystals can be tuned by the energy input of the laser pulse. Hematite crystals, amorphous materials or both are nucleated depending on the energy of the first laser pulse. We believe that the short laser pulse method is a valuable method to study other nucleation phenomena at the nanoscale and will contribute to deepening our understanding about how different material structures form at the very early stage.
Matched Solitary Waves

In a recent papers1, we presented exact analytic solutions for a pair of solitary waves which can propagate through a medium of three-level and a medium of five-level atoms without loss and with their shapes invariant. The solitary-wave pair or matched pulses for the three-level A system is of particular interest. Denote the Rabi frequencies of the two pulses by Ωj = 2dj E j/ħ, j=1,2, where dj is the dipole matrix element between levels j and j+1, and Ej is the slowly varying electromagnetic field amplitude. The Rabi frequencies are functions of both space z and time t. For the solitary pulses, the Rabi frequencies depend on t and z through ξ= (t - z/v)/τ, where r is the pulse length and v is the velocity of the pulse pair. Our analytic solutions give Ω1(ξ) = A1f1(ξ) + A2f2(ξ) and Ω2(ξ) = B1f1(ξ) + B2f2(ξ), where A1, A2, B1 and B2 are real constants, and where f1 and f2 are dimensionless functions of ξ. There are two independent sets of solutions for the pair of elliptic functions f1 and f2. The canonical solutions to which other forms of solutions can be transformed are given in Table 1 where a = (Al 2+B1 2+A2 2+B2 2)/4, b = (A2 2+B2 2−Al 2−B1 2)/4 ≥ 0 and A1A2+B1B2=0 The solitary-wave pair has a constant velocity v given by 1/v=1/c+4μ1τ2/R2, where μj=πN djωj/ћc, N is the density of the atoms in the medium, ωj is the laser frequency, and it is assumed that μ1=μ2. Notice that f1 and f2 satisfy f 1 2 + f 2 2 = 1. The constant R, its relation to the squared modulus 0 ≤ k2 ≤ 1 (or the squared complementary modulus k′2=1−k2) of f1 and f2, and one other relationship which must be satisfied by the amplitudes and length of the pulses, are given in the last two rows of Table 1.
A Constraint-Aware Motion Planning Algorithm for Robotic Folding of Clothes

Motion planning for robotic manipulation of clothing is a challenging problem as clothing articles have high-dimensional configuration spaces and are computationally expensive to simulate. We present an algorithm for robotic cloth folding that, given a sequence of desired folds, outputs a motion plan consisting of a sequence of primitives for a robot to fold the cloth. Previous work on cloth folding does not take into account the constraints of the robot, and thus produces plans which are often infeasible given the kinematics of robots like the Willow Garage PR2. In this paper we introduce a class of motion primitives that start and end in a subset of the cloth’s state space. To find a sequence of primitives that achieves all required folds, the algorithm takes advantage of the partial ordering inherent in folding, and produces a time-optimal motion plan (given the set of primitives) for the robot if one exists. We describe experiments with a general purpose mobile robotic platform, the PR2, folding articles that require dragging and base motion in addition to folding. Our experiments show that (1) many articles of clothing conform well enough to the assumptions made in our model and (2) this approach allows our robot to perform a wide variety of folds on articles of various sizes and shapes.
The Treatment of Malignant Histiocytosis

Twenty-four consecutive cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH) treated at Stanford Medical Center between 1973 and 1983 have been reviewed. Most patients presented with systemic symptoms (91%) and advanced disease (stage IV, 80%). Multiple organ involvement was common. In six cases, pathologic tissue was further characterized by frozen section immune histochemistry, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies known to react with monocytes and macrophages, as well as a variety of hematopoietic cells. One case expressed a mature monocyte/macrophage phenotype; three cases were considered null cell or primitive lesions; and two cases were identified as probable T cell lymphomas. Seven patients underwent splenectomy. Two patients died prior to any treatment. Twenty-two patients were treated with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone) +/- bleomycin (B), +/- midcycle high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) with leucovorin rescue. Seven patients received prophylactic intrathecal MTX. Of 22 evaluable patients, there was a 68% complete response rate (CR), a 23% partial response rate (PR), and a 9% no response rate (NR). Median duration of CR was 30+ months; median duration of PR was 2.4 months. Median survival for patients attaining a CR has not been reached v 3 months for the PR and NR groups. For all 24 patients, median survival was 2 years, with a 5-year actuarial survival of 40%. Multivariate analysis revealed that a platelet count less than 150,000 (P Cox = .005) and the dose of drug delivered (P Cox = .057) were the most important prognostic factors. Prophylactic intrathecal MTX therapy and splenectomy did not influence survival. Although MH is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, it is potentially curable. Systematic and aggressive treatment should further improve the outcome.
Your Life as an Open Book: Has Technology Rendered Personal Privacy Virtually Obsolete?

As society becomes increasingly automated, individual privacy is threatened in ways unimaginable only a few years ago. The pervasive use of computers has enhanced society's ability to collect, store, retrieve, process, and disseminate data on individuals, quite often without the individual's knowledge or consent. Privacy laws in the United States have not kept pace with the technological developments of the past twenty years. In fact, virtually nothing to protects individuals from having their private lives peered into via computer. This Note addresses the threat to individual privacy inherent in the collection, processing, and dissemination of personal information by private sector organizations and individuals. This Note does not examine in-depth the regulation and control of government collection and use of personal data,(2) nor does it survey currently existing constitutional privacy rights such as those recognized in Griswold v. Connecticut(3) and Roe v. Wade.(4) Specifically, this Note examines the legal use of personal information often collected, compiled, and disseminated by private individuals or entities, without the consent or knowledge of the person the information concerns.
Classic Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in a Son and Father with a Heart Transplant Performed in the Father.

We report a 13-year-old male patient with severe orthopedic problems including features of a connective tissue disorder and a heterozygous c.305T > A variant found within exon 3 of the autosomal dominant collagen (COL5A1) gene causing the classic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. This variant has not been reported previously and identified as having an unknown clinical significance but classified as trending damaging per in silico prediction with high conservation among species. Our patient's father had the same gene variant and similar features of stretchable skin, easy bruising, and multiple joint dislocations. The father had unexplained heart failure requiring cardiac transplantation at 43 years of age.