cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential alterations of dopamine transporter in the striatum and midbrain in patients with parkinsonian syndrome.

Objectives Differential vulnerabilities of subregional dopamine neurons have been suggested in movement disorders such as idiopathic Parkinson disease. In this study, we examined dopamine transporter (DaT) density in the striatum versus midbrain (MB) in patients with nigrostriatal denervation. Methods Brain SPECT was performed in 39 patients with parkinsonian syndrome (age 61 ± 15 years, 18 male patients) 4 hours after IV injection of 3 to 5 mCi 123I ioflupane using SPECT-CT acquisition. Images were reconstructed using OSEM with resolution recovery and correction for scatter and attenuation based on a low-dose CT. Peak pixel counts within the caudate head (CA), mid putamen (PT), and MB localized by sagittal CT, as well as averaged counts around the calcarine fissure as reference, were determined by region-of-interest analysis. Semiquantitative DaT values were expressed as CA, PT, or MB uptake relative to the reference. We then assessed the relationship between the MB measurements and independent clinical evaluation of motor symptoms in these patients. Results Averaged striatal DaT values for both hemispheres ranged from 1.67 to 6.59 for CA, 1.50 to 5.33 for PT, and 1.08 to 2.24 for MB. Within the high striatal DaT group (mean, 4.76 [SD, 0.55]) and low DaT group (mean, 2.71 [SD, 0.58]; dichotomy defined as a threshold of 4), mean DaT values in MB were 1.68 (SD, 0.32) and 1.53 (SD, 0.29), respectively, indicating nonsignificant 9% decrease (P > 0.15) in comparison to 43% decrease in the averaged striatal uptake. Within the high striatal DaT group, Pearson correlations between DaT values of CA and PT versus MB were highly significant at 0.81 and 0.82 (P ≤ 0.001), respectively, but those correlations were not significant, 0.35 (P > 0.05) and 0.06 (P > 0.75), in the low striatal DaT group. Midbrain uptake measurements did not correlate with motor symptoms (bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability). Conclusions These findings indicate that reductions in DaT values in the striatum and MB are not necessarily simultaneous with the process of nigrostriatal denervation, and correlation of DaT values among CA/PT and MB becomes weaker as the denervation becomes more severe. Differential regional DaT loss may indicate differential vulnerability of DaT-containing neurons in these structures or could be in part related to tracer binding to non-DaT targets.
Sexy, Strong, and Secondary: A Content Analysis of Female Characters in Video Games across 31 Years

We analyzed in-game content from titles released between 1983 and 2014 (n = 571) featuring playable female characters. Results indicate that sexualization has diminished since an observed height in the 1990s. Traditionally male-oriented genres (e.g. fighting) have more sexualized characters than role-playing games. Games rated Teen or Mature did not differ in sexualization and featured more sexualization than Everyone games. Despite an increase in games featuring playable female characters, games still depict female characters more often in secondary roles and sexualized them more than primary characters. A positive relationship emerged between the sexualization of female characters and their physical capability. Critical success of games was unrelated to sexualization. We discuss these findings in light of social identity and objectification theories.
Estimating the secondary organic aerosol contribution to PM2.5 using the EC tracer method

The EC tracer method is applied to a series of measurements by different carbonaceous aerosol samplers in the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) in order to estimate the concentration of secondary organic aerosol. High-resolution measurements (2-6 h) and daily averaged concentrations were collected during the summer 2001 intensive (1 July to 4 August 2001) and are used for the analysis. The various samplers used during PAQS show differences in the measured concentrations of OC and EC due to the different sampling artifacts and sampling periods. A systematic approach for the separation of periods where SOA contributes significantly to the ambient OC levels from the periods where organic and elemental carbon concentrations are dominated by primary emissions is proposed. Ozone is used as an indicator of photochemical activity to identify periods of probable secondary organic aerosol production in the area. Gaseous tracers of combustion sources (CO, NO, and NO x ) are used to identify periods where most of the OC is primary. Periods dominated by primary emissions are used to establish the relationship between primary OC and EC, a tracer for primary combustion-generated carbon for the different sets of measurements for July 2001. Around 35% of the organic carbon concentration in Western Pennsylvania during July of 2001 is estimated to be secondary in origin.
Development of an MR and CT compatible non-invasive temperature based optical fiber respiration sensor for use in radiotherapy

We have developed a non-invasive temperature based respiration sensor to track the breathing cycle during respiratory gating that is not subject to the limitations of an external marker. The sensor tracks the breathing cycle by measuring temperature difference between inspiratory and expiratory air. Because it doesn’t require movement of the abdomen, it can be used with forced shallow breathing (FSB) or thermoplastic body mask immobilization. The sensor is compatible for use in computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and linear accelerator environments.
Cultural Orientation Trajectories and Substance Use: Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Mexican-Origin Youth.

Cultural adaptation may influence Latino youth substance use (SU) development, yet few longitudinal studies have examined cultural change over time and adolescent SU outcomes. Using longitudinal data collected annually across ages 10–16 from 674 Mexican-origin youth (50% female), the authors characterized cultural adaptation patterns for language use (English and Spanish use), values (American values and familism values), and identity (ethnic pride), and examined whether these cultural adaptation patterns were associated with differential SU risk. Youth with increasing bilingualism and high/stable family values had lower SU risk compared to youth who primarily spoke English and endorsed decreasing family values, respectively. Ethnic pride trajectories were not associated with SU. Findings highlight the importance of considering cultural change related to Latino youth SU.
Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. It is the fourth most common cause of chronic renal insufficiency or end-stage kidney disease. This book focuses on the basic and clinical aspects of the burgeoning PKD research under three sections. Section 1 provides a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis, management and treatment of PKD. Section 2 covers most of the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PKD, and how this knowledge is contributing to the development of potential novel therapeutic agents. Finally, section 3 focuses on extra-renal or secondary complications of PKD. Number of chapters 20; Contributors: 48; Figures: 42; Tables: 12; Pages: 488. Electronic version is freely available. Hardcover copies are available at books@codonpublications.com
Evaluation of the G.S.P. in Operation

In the previous four chapters I have described and tentatively evaluated the numerous institutional aspects of the entire G.S.P. system. This discussion concentrated on the so-called ‘big three’ schemes — those of the E.E.C., Japan and the United States — which together will account for some 90 per cent of all G.S.P. trade. In this chapter, the prior analysis will be carried one step further. I will attempt to evaluate the G.S.P. based upon ex ante quantitative estimates of the G.S.P. trade benefits likely to accrue to the beneficiary developing countries. This, of course, is no easy task. The reader must bear in mind from the beginning that the results presented are only rough estimates.
Limitations of the Multicultural Approach to Psychotherapy with Diverse Clients

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the limitations of the multicultural approach to psychotherapy with diverse clients. When therapists approach clients as "ethnic entities" rather than as unique individuals with their own set of problems, therapists risk imposing their own issues or concerns onto the clients. The challenge for therapists is to be open and sensitive to cultural concerns, especially those presented by clients, while being careful not to make cultural overgeneralizations based on stereotypes. Many empirical studies examining correlates of race and culture fail to even measure socioeconomic status (SES) and to include it in the analyses. Moreover, studies on ethnic minorities frequently are studies on low-SES ethnic minorities in actuality, thereby not adequately disentangling ethnicity from social class. When this occurs, the results potentially can lead to distorted portrayals of ethnic minority groups. Overfocusing on diverse clients' ethnic culture while overlooking important aspects of clients' socioeconomic background conceivably could lead to erroneous diagnostic conceptualizations. Specifically, clinicians might make cultural misattributions for problematic behaviors that in reality have socioeconomic origins. Given the enormous intraracial variation that exists within each racial and ethnic group that is unexplained by race or culture, multicultural psychology may overestimate the impact culture or race has on behavior while underestimating the impact SES has on behavior.
Partial Hyperbolicity, Lyapunov Exponents and Stable Ergodicity

We present some results and open problems about stable ergodicity of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with non-zero Lyapunov exponents. The main tool is local ergodicity theory for non-uniformly hyperbolic systems.
B Cell Lymphoma, Unclassifiable: Survival Advantage for Aggressive Therapy

Abstract Abstract 2689 Background: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (BLL) are mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas with an aggressive clinical course. Whereas the advent of short, intensive, multi-agent chemoimmunotherapy regimens has significantly improved the outcomes for BL patients (pts), questions remain regarding the optimal therapy for BLL. Patients and Methods: We analyzed 25 patients (pts), aged 20 to 73 (median: 51 years), treated at the University of Pennsylvania for either BL or BLL from 2005 to 2010. All pts had c- myc+ lymphoma, with a Ki-67>98% and a negative HIV test. In order to be classified as BLL, expression of bcl-6 was required. Bcl-2 expression was noticed in 7/14 (50%) of BLL cases. All patients had Stage III/IV disease. All but two pts had high-risk disease by IPI. All 10 pts with BL were treated with the R-HyperCVAD regimen. Of the 14 pts with BLL, 7 where treated with R-HyperCVAD and 7 with R-CHOP (+ intrathecal prophylaxis in five out of seven pts). No differences in IPI, PS or co-morbidities were noted between the three groups. Notably, patients treated with R-CHOP were slightly younger with median of 52 years vs. median age of 62 years for those with BLL, treated with R-HyperCVAD. Results: Overall response rate (ORR) to R-HyperCVAD in BL was 70%, with two treatment-related deaths. At median follow up of 24 months, progression-free survival (PFS) was 72% (95% CI: 36–90%). ORR in BLL treated with R-HyperCVAD was 86% with one treatment-related death vs.57% when treated with R-CHOP, with two treatment-related deaths. At median follow up of 9 months for both groups, PFS for BLL treated with R-HyperCVAD was 54% (95% CI: 14–83%), whereas only one pt treated with R-CHOP was free of disease after 9 months with a median PFS of 8 months and median overall survival (OS) of 9 months. Within our data set, only one of the six pts with primary refractory disease and one of four relapses responded to salvage therapy. None of the BL/BLL pts treated with R-HyperCVAD, who achieved a CR, relapsed. Four of the seven relapses after R-CHOP presented with CNS involvement. Conclusion: Our data suggest that R-HyperCVAD allows for long-term disease control in both BL and BLL, with a somewhat lower PFS in BLL. In contrast, R-CHOP appears to be inferior with no long-term disease control in BLL. Download : Download high-res image (14KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Folic Acid Supplementation Is Suboptimal in a National Cohort of Older Veterans Receiving Low Dose Oral Methotrexate

Objectives Co-prescription of folic acid in patients receiving low dose oral methotrexate is recommended because it reduces adverse events and prolongs the use of methotrexate (MTX). However, little is known about how often new users of methotrexate are co-prescribed folic acid, and what factors are associated with its use. We aimed to determine the prevalence, predictors of, and persistence of folic acid use in a population-based cohort of MTX users with rheumatic diseases. Methods Using a national, administrative database of patients seen through the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) that included pharmacy and laboratory data, we performed an observational cohort study of veterans over 65 years old who were new users of MTX. We used log-binomial regression to identify independent predictors of folic acid use and Kaplan Meyer survival analysis to examine persistence of folic acid over time. Results We studied 2467 incident users of MTX. 27% of patients were not prescribed folic acid through the VHA pharmacy within 30 days of MTX initiation. Patients who did not see a rheumatologist were 23% less likely to receive folic acid compared to patients who did have a rheumatologist visit during the baseline period (RR (95% CI) 0.77 (0.72, 0.82). These results remained unchanged even after adjusting for demographic, clinical, and other factors (adjusted RR (95% CI) 0.78 (0.74, 0.85)). After 20 months, only 50% of patients continued to receive folic acid. Conclusions In a nationwide VHA cohort of new users of oral MTX, many patients did not receive folic acid or discontinued it over time. Rheumatologists were more likely to prescribe folic acid than other providers. These data highlight the need to improve patient safety for users of methotrexate by standardizing workflows for folic acid supplementation.
Politics of Time on the Southwest Frontier of China's Han Empire

In this study of the Han imperial conquest of southwest China, I argue that time is a technique of political control in precapitalist empires and a source of power asymmetry that local subjects understood and actively sought to curtail. From the expansion of political economy to the invention of universal histories, imperial policies incorporate heterogeneous geographies and subjects into unified temporal frames, thus obscuring differences in social experience. Drawing from subaltern and colonial anthropologies, I argue that resistance to state time is neither restricted to modern colonialism nor realized only in moments of organized rebellions. Archaeological research from the southwest frontier of Han China highlights how native subjects, referred to as the Dian culture, enlisted the dead to detach ideas of personhood and political agency from imperial temporalities. A focus on the resurgence of former funerary practices not only provides an overlooked point of entry to local interventions in the temporality of social reproduction but also reveals how the making of biosocial contemporaneity entangled both imperial agents and frontier subjects. This study demonstrates archaeology's contribution to a wider disciplinary engagement with the intersubjective or shared time of our subjects. [imperialism, time, China]
"Seeing Their Side, Feeling Their Pain: Outcomes of Perspective-Taking and Empathic Concern at Work"

Perspective taking has been offered as a potential tool for navigating increasingly complex workplace interactions with interdependent yet distant or dissimilar coworkers. However, its potential be...
More Than Just Play: Unmasking Black Child Labor in the Athletic Industrial Complex:

African Americans’ hypervisibility in sports remains a frequent point of critique. There has been a tendency to blame Black youths for their supposed “sports fixation.” Complicating this narrative ...
Models for estimating empirical Gompertz mortality: With an application to evolution of the Gompertzian slope

Using data from the human mortality database (HMD), and five different modeling approaches, we estimate Gompertz mortality parameters for 7,704 life tables. To gauge model fit, we predict life expectancy at age 40 from these parameters, and compare predicted to empirical values. Across a diversity of human populations, and both sexes, the overall best way to estimate Gompertz parameters is weighted least squares, although Poisson regression performs better in 996 cases for males and 1,027 cases for females, out of 3,852 populations per sex. We recommend against using unweighted least squares unless death counts (to use as weights or to allow Poisson estimation) are unavailable. We also recommend fitting to logged death rates. Over time in human populations, the Gompertz slope parameter has increased, indicating a more severe increase in mortality rates as age goes up. However, it is well-known that the two parameters of the Gompertz model are very tightly (and negatively) correlated. When the slope goes up, the level goes down, and, overall, mortality rates are decreasing over time. An analysis of Gompertz parameters for all of the HMD countries shows a distinct pattern for males in the formerly socialist economies of Europe.
Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The North American Experience

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in North America has undergone substantial change since its inception. Transplantation for large tumors led to near universal tumor recurrence and despite its theoretical benefit, complete liver replacement for primary hepatic malignancy was all but abandoned outside of clinical trials. With the publication of the Milan criteria interest was renewed and results of transplant for HCC began to mirror those for non-malignant indications. The adoption of MELD-based allocation led to a substantial increase in the number of transplants for HCC as MELD priority points were given to patients who met the restrictive criteria. As results of transplantation improved, several groups have pushed the boundaries of Milan and found similar results. To further possibility of transplantation for patients with tumors outside of criteria, locoregional therapies have been utilized to downstage these tumors. As the number of patients awaiting a deceased donor allograft continues to increase while the number of available deceased donor organs remains relatively constant, the roles of living donor transplantation, adjuvant, and neoadjuvant therapy will continue to evolve.
A 12-Year Analysis of Nonbattle Injury Among US Service Members Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan.

Importance Nonbattle injury (NBI) among deployed US service members increases the burden on medical systems and results in high rates of attrition, affecting the available force. The possible causes and trends of NBI in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars have, to date, not been comprehensively described. Objectives To describe NBI among service members deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, quantify absolute numbers of NBIs and proportion of NBIs within the Department of Defense Trauma Registry, and document the characteristics of this injury category. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective cohort study, data from the Department of Defense Trauma Registry on 29 958 service members injured in Iraq and Afghanistan from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2014, were obtained. Injury incidence, patterns, and severity were characterized by battle injury and NBI. Trends in NBI were modeled using time series analysis with autoregressive integrated moving average and the weighted moving average method. Statistical analysis was performed from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were proportion of NBIs and the changes in NBI over time. Results Among 29 958 casualties (battle injury and NBI) analyzed, 29 003 were in men and 955 were in women; the median age at injury was 24 years (interquartile range, 21-29 years). Nonbattle injury caused 34.1% of total casualties (n = 10 203) and 11.5% of all deaths (206 of 1788). Rates of NBI were higher among women than among men (63.2% [604 of 955] vs 33.1% [9599 of 29 003];P Conclusions and Relevance In this study, approximately one-third of injuries during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars resulted from NBI, and the proportion of NBIs was steady for 12 years. Understanding the possible causes of NBI during military operations may be useful to target protective measures and safety interventions, thereby conserving fighting strength on the battlefield.
Botulinum toxin injection to the salivary glands for the treatment of sialorrhea with chronic aspiration.

ObjectivesChronic aspiration of salivary secretions can cause major pulmonary morbidity in neurologically impaired patients. Many treatments are proposed to address these problems, some with signif...
Ocean acidification alters morphology of all otolith types in Clark’s anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii)

Ocean acidification, the ongoing decline of surface ocean pH and [CO 3 2 - ] due to absorption of surplus atmospheric CO2, has far-reaching consequences for marine biota, especially calcifiers. Among these are teleost fishes, which internally calcify otoliths, critical elements of the inner ear and vestibular system. There is evidence in the literature that ocean acidification increases otolith size and alters shape, perhaps impacting otic mechanics and thus sensory perception. Here, larval Clark's anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830), were reared in various seawater pCO2/pH treatments analogous to future ocean scenarios. At the onset of metamorphosis, all otoliths were removed from each individual fish and analyzed for treatment effects on morphometrics including area, perimeter, and circularity; scanning electron microscopy was used to screen for evidence of treatment effects on lateral development, surface roughness, and vaterite replacement. The results corroborate those of other experiments with other taxa that observed otolith growth with elevated pCO2, and provide evidence that lateral development and surface roughness increased as well. Both sagittae exhibited increasing area, perimeter, lateral development, and roughness; left lapilli exhibited increasing area and perimeter while right lapilli exhibited increasing lateral development and roughness; and left asterisci exhibited increasing perimeter, roughness, and ellipticity with increasing pCO2. Right lapilli and left asterisci were only impacted by the most extreme pCO2 treatment, suggesting they are resilient to any conditions short of aragonite undersaturation, while all other impacted otoliths responded to lower concentrations. Finally, fish settlement competency at 10 dph was dramatically reduced, and fish standard length marginally reduced with increasing pCO2. Increasing abnormality and asymmetry of otoliths may impact inner ear function by altering otolith-maculae interactions.
Chapter 4 – Balance equations and entropy generation

This chapter is concerned with the balance equations and entropy generation equation. The balance equations, considered per unit volume basis, can be written in terms of the partial time derivative with an observer at rest, and in terms of the substantial derivative with an observer moving together with the fluid. These equations are used in the Gibbs relation to determine the rate of entropy generation. The balance equations allow identifying the importance of the local thermodynamic equilibrium postulate in deriving the expressions for the entropy generation.. The dissipation or the entropy generation equation is used to identify the forces and flows that are used in the linear phenomenological equations relating flows and forces. If the Onsager reciprocal relations are to be applied to the phenomenological coefficients, the forces and flows must be chosen appropriately.
Development of a required longitudinal residency experience focused on deprescribing.

Purpose In this article we describe a novel required longitudinal experience focused on deprescribing designed for postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) geriatric pharmacy residents. This experience was embedded within a clinical pharmacist-driven deprescribing service. Insights on challenges faced and benefits gained during the first offering are also highlighted. Summary Through collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (UPMC) Palliative and Supportive Institute and the UPMC St. Margaret PGY2 geriatric pharmacy residency program, a year-long required deprescribing-focused experience was developed and executed. The experience was aligned with the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists' standard goals and objectives and was designed to focus and evaluate 3 skills necessary for all pharmacy practitioners: empathy, critical thinking, and communication. There is a need for proactive deprescribing initiatives to reduce the unnecessary burden and cost associated with potentially inappropriate medications for older patients. Focused deprescribing experiences can better equip pharmacist learners with the ability to lead these initiatives. Conclusion A required longitudinal deprescribing-focused experience can provide PGY2 geriatric pharmacy residents with opportunities to practice empathy, critical thinking, and communication beyond those typically offered in a residency program.
Fine-Mapping of qTGW1.2a, a Quantitative Trait Locus for 1000-Grain Weight in Rice

Abstract Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is a key component of grain yield in rice. This study was conducted to validate and fine-map qTGW1.2a, a quantitative trait locus for grain weight and grain size previously located in a 933.6-kb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 1. Firstly, three residual heterozygotes (RHs) were selected from a BC2F11 population of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97 (ZS97)///ZS97//ZS97/Milyang 46. The heterozygous segments in these RHs were arranged successively in physical positions, forming one set of sequential residual heterozygotes (SeqRHs). In each of the populations derived, non-recombinant homozygotes were identified to produce near isogenic lines (NILs) comprising the two homozygous genotypes. The NILs were tested for grain weight, grain length and grain width. QTL analyses for the three traits were performed. Then, the updated QTL location was followed for a new run of SeqRHs identification-NIL development-QTL mapping. Altogether, 11 NIL populations derived from four sets of SeqRHs were developed and used. qTGW1.2a was finally delimitated into a 77.5-kb region containing 13 annotated genes. In the six populations segregating this QTL, which were in four generations and were tested across four years, the allelic direction of qTGW1.2a remained consistent and the genetic effects were stable. For TGW, the additive effects ranged from 0.23 to 0.38 g and the proportions of phenotypic variance explained ranged from 26.15% to 41.65%. These results provide a good foundation for the cloning and functional analysis of qTGW1.2a.
Spectral Graph Matching and Regularized Quadratic Relaxations II: Erdős-Rényi Graphs and Universality.

We analyze a new spectral graph matching algorithm, GRAph Matching by Pairwise eigen-Alignments (GRAMPA), for recovering the latent vertex correspondence between two unlabeled, edge-correlated weighted graphs. Extending the exact recovery guarantees established in the companion paper for Gaussian weights, in this work, we prove the universality of these guarantees for a general correlated Wigner model. In particular, for two Erdős-Renyi graphs with edge correlation coefficient $1-\sigma^2$ and average degree at least $\operatorname{polylog}(n)$, we show that GRAMPA exactly recovers the latent vertex correspondence with high probability when $\sigma \lesssim 1/\operatorname{polylog}(n)$. Moreover, we establish a similar guarantee for a variant of GRAMPA, corresponding to a tighter quadratic programming relaxation of the quadratic assignment problem. Our analysis exploits a resolvent representation of the GRAMPA similarity matrix and local laws for the resolvents of sparse Wigner matrices.
Preoperative Duration of Symptoms Is Associated With Outcomes 5 Years After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Purpose To determine the effect of the preoperative duration of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS)–associated symptoms on clinical outcomes at a minimum of 5 years after hip arthroscopy. Methods We identified FAIS patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between January 2012 and January 2014 with a minimum of 5 years' follow-up. Patient demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes, comprising the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score–Sports Subscale (HOS-SS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), pain score, and satisfaction score, were analyzed. The minimal clinically important difference, patient acceptable symptomatic state, and substantial clinical benefit were calculated. Patients were stratified based on the preoperative duration of symptoms: less than 2 years versus 2 years or longer. Multivariate regressions were constructed to determine the association between the preoperative symptom duration and clinical outcomes at 5 years after hip arthroscopy. Results A total of 310 patients were included with a mean age (±standard deviation) of 34.1 ± 11.9 years and body mass index of 25.3 ± 5.1. The study group showed statistically significant improvements in the HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, mHHS, pain score, and satisfaction score (P Conclusions Patients with a preoperative duration of FAIS-associated symptoms of 2 or more years prior to hip arthroscopy experience inferior outcomes and a lower frequency of clinically significant outcome improvement than patients with a shorter duration of symptoms at medium-to long-term follow-up. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative trial.
Research for All: Creating Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experiences Across the Curriculum

To develop our students’ analytical capabilities and prepare them for the demands of the job market of the 21st century, it is imperative that Political Science faculty incorporate research and data literacy skills into a broader array of courses. Previous work on developing these skills has focused on introductory methods courses and capstone experiences, but this article suggests a scaffolded approach to incorporating accessible research experiences across the curriculum. The project provides a blue-print for the creating applied research courses and infusing existing courses with content and assignments that facilitate students’ understanding of the research process and the use of analytic tools.
Mastery Learning of Team Skills

Teamwork and leadership skill training are critically important aspects of medical education. This chapter describes the evolution of education curricula for health professions team-based skill development leading to the potential application of simulation-based (SB) mastery learning. The chapter starts with our interview of Apollo 13 commander Captain James Lovell who sets the stage for mastery learning of team skills by sharing the rigorous training his team received for space flight nearly 50 years ago. The chapter then defines effective healthcare teams, briefly speaks to the science of team science, lists healthcare teams in a variety of professions, and identifies evidence-based team training principles. The next chapter section covers team training for effective healthcare moving from principles to strategies, team training in operation, and the lifespan of team training. The chapter finishes with concluding remarks.
2,3,7,8-TCDD induced hydronephrosis in murine fetuses

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of hydronephrosis using 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(2,3,7,8-TCDD) fetal mice model.Total proteins were extracted from kidney and ureter tissue of fetuses from both groups.The total proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.The differentially expressed proteins between the two groups were compared using image analysis software.The selected proteins with significant difference were identified by mass spectrometry.The expression of the differential protein was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.Results Incidence of bilateral hydronephrosis in the treatment group was 100%.Of the hydronephrosis,86.2% was grade 3 and 13.8% was grade 4.Epithelium of mid and inferior segment ureter was hyperplastic resulting in ureteral lumen narrowing in the treatment group.Hydronephrosis was not detected in the control group.Twelve protein expressions were up-regulated in upper urinary tract of mice fetus with hydronephrosis including peroxiredoxin 1,cadherin 6,gamma-act in,radixin,desmin,type ? transforming growth factor-beta receptor,chromogranin B,serum albumin precursor,transferring,hypothetical protein LOC70984,Lipk protein and zinc finger protein 336.Immunohistochemistry showed that peroxiredoxin 1 protein expression was up-regulated in epithelium mucosae of ureter in mice fetus with hydronephrosis.Conclusions Hydronephrosis was induced in mice fetus by 2,3,7,8-TCDD due to up-regulated peroxiredoxin 1 protein,leading to ureteral epithelium proliferation and ureteral lumen narrowing. Key words: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; Hydronephrosis
Neuropsychiatric Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Current Evidence and Recommendations for the Clinician.

Context Although substantial literature examining the neuropsychiatric consequences of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) exists, there are no clinical guidelines to inform providers about the specific risk of depression, suicide, and dementia for prostate cancer patients receiving chronic ADT. Objective To evaluate the strength of the evidence and interpret the literature describing the association between ADT and psychological outcomes in men with prostate cancer. Evidence acquisition NIH/NCBI PubMed database, EMBASE, and PsychINFO were searched for articles published indexed through December 16, 2019. Results from a total of 48 recent and highly relevant articles are summarized here. Evidence synthesis ADT increased the risk of depression (relative risk [RR] 1.51, p = 0.0002), which in turn magnifies the impact of ADT-related side effects on masculine identity. ADT may be associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, including the risk of Alzheimer's dementia in American population-based cohorts and the risk of all-cause dementia in non-American cohorts (RR 1.45, p = 0.024). Statin use and higher levels of physical activity may be protective against ADT-associated dementia. Conclusions ADT increases the risk of worsening and incident depression, and may increase the risk of dementia in men with prostate cancer. Brief baseline mood and cognitive screening assessments, with re-evaluation at 6-12 mo is strongly recommended when initiating ADT. Patients exhibiting new or worsening symptoms of depression or dementia may benefit from referral for formal evaluation and possible treatment. Patient summary Patients initiating androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) should have brief baseline mood and cognitive screening assessments, with re-evaluation at least 6-12 mo after initiating therapy. All patients starting ADT should be counseled regarding possible neuropsychiatric side effects, and prescribers should counsel patients regarding the potential negative sexual side effects of antidepressant medications before prescribing them. Patients exhibiting new or worsening symptoms of depression or dementia may benefit from referral for formal evaluation and possible treatment. Take home message Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases the risk of depression, which in turn magnifies the impact of ADT-related side effects on masculine identity and psychological distress in men with prostate cancer. ADT may be associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment.
Nasolacrimal Duct Probing, Intubation, and Balloon Dacryoplasty

Intubation of the lacrimal outflow apparatus can help maintain patency after surgical repair or in cases of partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). The tubing acts as a temporary stent in the canaliculi and duct, maintaining patency while the tissues around the stent heal, thereby preventing cicatricial closure. Stent placement may also be combined with dacryocystorhinostomy surgery to maintain patency of the newly created ostium.
Seamless integration of feedforward and feedback control of balance of arm capacitor voltages in STATCOMs based on chain links of H bridge modules

This paper presents a seamless integration of the feed-forward and feedback controls of balance of average arm capacitor dc bus voltages in the star and delta connected STATCOM converters, based on chain links of H bridge cells/modules, which are operated in general imbalanced situations.
Fabrication of Pill-Shaped Polyimide Aerogel Particles Using Microfluidic Flows

This work focuses on the fabrication and organic dye adsorption capacity of pill-shaped polyimide aerogel microparticles of diameter approximately 200 μm and length approximately 1000 μm. First, spherical polyimide sol droplets suspended in silicone oil are generated in a microfluidic droplet generator. Second, these droplets are guided into a contraction flow channel to deform them into pill-shaped droplets. Third, the pill-shaped droplets undergo sol–gel transition in a heated section of the flow channel and turn into particles. Finally, the pill-shaped aerogel microparticles are recovered via solvent exchange and supercritical drying and characterized. The data indicate that the flow rates of polyimide sol and silicone oil strongly influence the length of the microparticles while surfactants, although not necessary to obtain pill-shaped particles, exert strong influence on the aspect ratio of the particles. The aspect ratio of particles and the internal morphology are discussed using hydrodynamic and interfacial forces. The ionic dye adsorption capacity of these pill-shaped particles is determined and compared with that of spherical gel microparticles.
Impact of Pre-Transplant ECMO Duration on Heart Transplant Survival

Purpose The 2018 UNOS heart allocation policy change prioritizes patients bridged to transplant with temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS). We investigated how short and medium-term survival varies by duration of pre-transplant ECMO in the pre-allocation change era. Methods We reviewed the OPTN database for adults bridged to transplant with ECMO, excluding multi-organ transplants, retransplantation, and those who initiated tMCS after October 17, 2018. Patients were grouped by quartile of ECMO duration prior to transplantation. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate survival at one and five years. Conditional survival analysis was used to further evaluate those surviving past one year. Logistic regression was used to measure adjusted secondary outcomes such as graft failure or acute rejection. Results 218 eligible patients who received a transplant between 1994-2018 were evenly distributed into the following groups defined by ECMO duration: Quartile 1 ( 160 days). Differences in the baseline characteristics of each quartile group included days on the waiting list (p Conclusion Among patients who were bridged to heart transplantation using ECMO, neither morbidity outcomes nor survival at one and five years were associated with the duration of ECMO prior to surgery.
Optimization of Multiport DC Fast Charging Stations Operating With Power Cap Policy

Direct-current fast charging (DCFC) stations are necessary to provide coverage for long-range travel and promote widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Since many DCFCs are currently underutilized, they suffer financially from high demand charges and are difficult to operate as a business case. This study investigates a new method to design and operate a multiport DCFC station with a power cap policy in order to mitigate high operation costs (OCs) while providing sufficient service quality to the customers. Different policies, which distribute available power capacity between multiple charging ports in a fair manner, are simulated and compared. It is shown that OCs can be reduced, while the quality of service is preserved. The impact of the station design on the optimal power cap is simulated and analyzed. By adjusting the power cap with the increasing charging demand over the lifetime of the station and by optimizing the station design, a total profit of up to U.S. $\$ $ 950k and unit costs as low as U.S. $\$ $ 0.2/kWh can be achieved.
Evolution of the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica, 2016–2021

Abstract. Polynyas are key sites of ice production during the winter and are important sites of biological activity and carbon sequestration during the summer. The Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) is the fourth largest Antarctic polynya, has recorded the highest primary productivity and lies in an embayment of key oceanographic significance. However, knowledge of its dynamics, and of sub-annual variations in its area and ice production, is limited. In this study we primarily utilize Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, sea ice concentration products and climate reanalysis data, along with bathymetric data, to analyze the ASP over the period November 2016–March 2021. Specifically, we analyze (i) qualitative changes in the ASP's characteristics and dynamics, and quantitative changes in (ii) summer polynya area, (iii) winter polynya area and ice production. From our analysis of SAR imagery we find that ice produced by the ASP becomes stuck in the vicinity of the polynya and sometimes flows back into the polynya, contributing to its closure and limiting further ice production. The polynya forms westward off a persistent chain of grounded icebergs that are located at the site of a bathymetric high. Grounded icebergs also influence the outflow of ice and facilitate the formation of a 'secondary polynya' at times. Additionally, unlike some polynyas, ice produced by the polynya flows westward after formation, along the coast and into the neighboring sea sector. During the summer and early winter, broader regional sea ice conditions can play an important role in the polynya. The polynya opens in all summers, but record-low sea ice conditions in 2016/17 cause it to become part of the open ocean. During the winter, an average of 78 % of ice production occurs in April–May and September–October, but large polynya events often associated with high winds can cause ice production throughout the winter. While passive microwave data or daily sea ice concentration products remain key for analyzing variations in polynya area and ice production, we find that the ability to directly observe and qualitatively analyze the polynya at a high temporal and spatial resolution with Sentinel-1 imagery provides important insights about the behavior of the polynya that are not possible with those datasets.
Multidimensional Barriers and Facilitators to Treatment Seeking for Infertility Among Women in the United States: A Systemic Review

Abstract Objective The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature that examines facilitators and barriers to infertility treatment seeking among women who experience infertility in the United States. Evidence Review This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and has a registered protocol. Studies were included if they reported factors specifically influencing treatment seeking patterns of women for infertility as defined above. The search was conducted in January 2020 in four databases and updated in February 2021. We utilized a combination of free texts, index, and truncated terms. The following terms and concepts were used: infertility [or] subfertility, woman [or] women [or] female, patient acceptance of health care [or] help-seeking [or] health seeking behaviors [or] treatment seeking. The search terms were purposely used to include variations of terms that were synonymous with treatment seeking. Included studies must have been original research studies written in English that explicitly discussed the relationship of variables that influenced treatment seeking among women in the United States. Quality assessment was conducted using the critical appraisal tool from the Joana Briggs Institute. Results The final sample included a total of 23 articles (6 qualitative, 17 quantitative) that examined facilitators and barriers that influenced treatment seeking among women who experienced infertility in the United States; these articles were synthesized using Chrisman’s Health-Seeking Model. Findings suggest there are multi-factorial facilitators and barriers that influence treatment seeking. Common facilitators to treatment seeking were high desire for parenthood, especially when their partners also agreed; high social support encouraging treatment; and advanced health literacy. Common barriers to treatment seeking were internalized stigma, having access limited by professional careers, low or no social support supporting treatment seeking, and negative perceptions of the clinical environment. Conclusion Overall, many of the facilitators and barriers found were a dynamic blend of perceptions of the biological, clinical, and social implications of disease and treatment access. Many of these facilitators and barriers were influenced by social cues and perceived access to care. More research is needed to further elucidate variations in treatment seeking among diverse samples of racial/ethnic, gender, and sexual minority groups.
A Review of Training Opportunities for Singing Voice Rehabilitation Specialists

Summary Objectives Training opportunities for singing voice rehabilitation specialists are growing and changing. This is happening despite a lack of agreed-on guidelines or an accredited certification acknowledged by the governing bodies in the fields of speech-language pathology and vocal pedagogy, the American Speech-Language Hearing Association and the National Association of Teachers of Singing, respectively. The roles of the speech-language pathologist, the singing teacher, and the person who bridges this gap, the singing voice rehabilitation specialist, are now becoming better defined and more common among the voice care community. To that end, this article aims to review the current opportunities for training in the field of singing voice rehabilitation. Methods A review of available university training programs, private training programs and mentorships, clinical fellowships, professional organizations, conferences, vocal training across genres, and self-study opportunities was conducted. All institutional listings are with permission from program leaders. Results/Conclusions Although many avenues are available for training of singing voice rehabilitation specialists, there is no accredited comprehensive training program at this point. This review gathers information on current training opportunities from across various modalities. The listings are not intended to be comprehensive but rather representative of possibilities for interested practitioners.
Nondestructive Evaluation with Beamforming Transducer Arrays

If a nondestructive evaluation system is designed to detect the presence or absence of a flaw in a material, typically one transducer may be sufficient. If, however, a characterization of the flaw is desired, then an array of transducers is in most cases required. Besides the capability of two and three dimensional imaging, array data has the advantages of increased resolution, improved signal-to-noise ratio after preprocessing and sharper focusing.