cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Correlates of Depression and Hopelessness among Sex Offenders Subject to Community Notification and Residence Restriction Legislation

Little research has investigated the prevalence of mood disturbance among sex offenders despite the fact that psychological distress may bear some relationship to community reintegration, and ultimately, recidivism. All offenders on New Jersey’s sex offender Internet registry were mailed surveys about their experiences with, and perceptions of, notification and residence restriction statutes, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). On average, respondents (N = 104) reported mild to moderate levels of depressive symptoms (M BDI = 17.1) and hopelessness (M BHS = 6.9). Additionally, offenders who reported being negatively affected by residence restrictions and notification statutes reported higher levels of both depression and hopelessness. Given evidence that sex offender specific legislation may de-stabilize offenders, this research highlights the importance of managing affective states in this population.
SENSORY ATTRIBUTES AND NUTRIENT RETENTION IN SELECTED VEGETABLES PREPARED BY CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE METHODS

Sensory characteristics and retention of vitamin C, vitamin B6, calcium, and magnesium were determined in vegetables cooked by conventional and microwave methods. Fresh broccoli, cauliflower, and potatoes and frozen corn and peas were cooked by boiling, steaming, microwave boiling and microwave steaming to equivalent tenderness as measured by a shear press. The sensory analysis of the vegetables cooked by the four methods indicated that some differences existed in color, flavor, texture, and moistness of the vegetables. No one method resulted in vegetables with optimum sensory characteristics. The nutrient retention was highest in foods cooked by microwave steaming, followed by microwave boiling, followed by steaming, and then by boiling. Generally vegetables cooked by microwave techniques retained higher percentages of the U. S. Recommended Daily Allowances for the nutrients than those cooked by conventional methods.
A second generation code for modeling tokamak edge plasmas

We describe the development and status of our “second generation” tokamak plasma edge modeling code, UCLA-EMS. The design goals are flexible geometric modeling, robust and efficient numerics, easy alteration of modeling equations, and ease of use, via a graphical user interface. Fluid equations are discretized using a finite element-control volume hybrid method on a general quadrilateral mesh, not necessarily aligned with flux surfaces. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved using a Newton's method, and the linearized system resulting at each Newton iteration is solved by a preconditioned conjugate gradient method.
Glycogen synthesis in the obliquely striated muscle ofAscaris suum

A glycogen synthase, designated GS II, which occurs in a protein/carbohydrate complex has been purified from Ascaris suum muscle. The purified GS-II complex which is eluted from concanavalin-A–Sepharose contains proteins with Mr 140000 and 66000 and a glycoprotein with a carbohydrate/protein mass ratio of 3:1 GS II activity was totally dependent on glucose 6-phosphate, but exogenous glycogen was not required for polysaccharide synthesis. The GS-II complex was not phosphorylated by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, and antibodies to the protein and carbohydrate components of GS II did not cross react with the purified cyclic-AMP-regulated glycogen synthase (GS I) from A. suum muscle. Polysaccharide which was synthesized de novo by the complex was added to the large-molecular-mass glycoprotein in GS II. The glycogen-like character of the newly synthesized polysaccharide was confirmed by the observation that glycogen phosphorylase utilized the polymer as substrate in both the synthesis and degradation reactions. A model is discussed in which a core glycoprotein serves as the substrate for a glycogen synthase which is distinctly different from GS I.
The isentropic compressibilities of aqueous solutions of lithium chloride at 298.15 K

Abstract The densities and isentropic compressibilities (from speed of sound) have been measured for aqueous solutions of lithium chloride at 298.15 K and concentrations varying from 0.37 to 9.78 mol dm −3 .
Aging-associated changes in gene expression in the ACI rat prostate: Implications for carcinogenesis.

BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. Although the incidence of prostate cancer increases with age, the link between aging and prostate cancer is poorly understood. METHODS. Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays were used to analyze the mRNA expression levels in the dorsolateral prostates from 6- and 18-month-old ACI rats. Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry was performed to validate microarray data in a select set of genes. RESULTS. Microarray analysis revealed changes in gene expression associated with inflammation,oxidativestress,tissueremodeling,andenergymetabolism.Mostofthesechangeshave been related to increased proliferative status of the prostate, anti-apoptosis, activated stroma, and alteration of the energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS. Age-associated alterations in the gene expression profile may put the aging prostate in risk for the initiation, promotion, and progression of neoplastic transformation in both our animal model and humans. Prostate 63: 169–186, 2005. # 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Expression of a human chimeric transferrin gene in senescent transgenic mice reflects the decrease of transferrin levels in aging humans.

Abstract Transgenic mice provide a means to study human gene expression in vivo throughout the aging process. A DNA sequence containing 668 bp of the 5′ regulatory region of the human transferrin gene was fused to the bacterial reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (TF-CAT) and introduced into the mouse genome. Expression of the human chimeric transferrin gene was similar to the tissue patterns of mouse and human transferrin. In aging transgenic mice, expression of the human chimeric transferrin gene was found to diminish 40% in livers between 18 and 26 months of age. Transferrin levels and serum iron levels in aging humans also diminish, as observed from measurements of total iron binding capacity and percent iron saturation in sera from 701 individuals ranging from 0 to 99 years of age. In contrast, in transgenic mice and nontransgenic mice, the mouse endogenous plasma transferrin and endogenous Tf mRNA increase significantly during aging. Neither the decrease of human TF-CAT nor the increase of mouse transferrin during aging appears to be part of a typical inflammatory reaction. Although the 5′ regions of the human transferrin and mouse transferrin genes are homologous, sequence diversities exist which could account for the different responses to inflammation and aging observed.
Assessing net community production in a glaciated Alaskan fjord

Abstract. The impact of deglaciation in Glacier Bay has been observed to seasonally influence the biogeochemistry of this marine system. The influence from surrounding glaciers, particularly tidewater glaciers, has the potential to affect the efficiency and structure of the marine food web within Glacier Bay. To assess the magnitude and the spatial and temporal variability in net community production in a glaciated fjord, we measured dissolved inorganic carbon, inorganic macronutrients, dissolved oxygen, and particulate organic carbon between July 2011 and July 2012 in Glacier Bay, Alaska. High net community production rates were observed across the bay (~ 54 to ~ 81 mmol C m−2 d−1) between the summer and fall of 2011. However, between the fall and winter, as well as between the winter and spring of 2012, air–sea fluxes of carbon dioxide and organic matter respiration made net community production rates negative across most of the bay as inorganic carbon and macronutrient concentrations returned to pre-bloom levels. The highest organic carbon production occurred within the west arm between the summer and fall of 2011 with ~ 4.5 × 105 kg C d−1. Bay-wide, there was carbon production of ~ 9.2 × 105 g C d−1 between the summer and fall. Respiration and air–sea gas exchange were the dominant drivers of carbon chemistry between the fall and winter of 2012. The substantial spatial and temporal variability in our net community production estimates may reflect glacial influences within the bay, as meltwater is depleted in macronutrients relative to marine waters entering from the Gulf of Alaska in the middle and lower parts of the bay. Further glacial retreat will likely lead to additional modifications in the carbon biogeochemistry of Glacier Bay, with unknown consequences for the local marine food web, which includes many species of marine mammals.
Effect of pressure on solid-liquid equilibrium for the system carbon dioxide/n-decane/n-octacosane

Abstract Solid-liquid saturation lines (pressure vs temperature for a saturated solution of given composition) were determined for n-octacosane in mixtures of n-decane and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide content of the solutions ranged from 0 to 90 mol %, at pressures up to 25 MPa. The data were correlated by means of the perturbed hard sphere chain equation of state. The equation of state requires three pure component constants for each component plus three binary interaction parameters. Two of the interaction parameters were obtained from binary data. The third was adjusted to fit the ternary data. The correlation was satisfactory for carbon dioxide contents up to 80 mol %. For higher carbon dioxide levels the octacosane solubility predicted by the correlation was consistently low.
Faculty self‐archiving behavior: Factors affecting the decision to self‐archive

This dissertation investigates university faculty members’ self-archiving behavior the placement of research materials on publicly accessible web sites, such as personal web pages, research group web sites, or Open Access (OA) repositories. Existing scholarly publishing is complemented by self-archiving. Although several studies have examined academic authors’ self-archiving behavior quantitatively and qualitatively, little research characterizes the wide range of faculty members’ self-archiving practices or investigates the motivations and barriers to self-archiving. My study attempts to bridge this gap in the literature. In addition, understanding the factors that motivate or impede faculty self-archiving behavior has potential benefits for universities since they view OA publishing and Institutional Repositories (IRs) as a means to regain control the intellectual output of faculty. Academic libraries also see these mechanisms as a way of reasserting their central place in the learning community. This research will assist these stakeholders to design and implement repositories for self-archiving in a successful manner
High-level synthesis and rapid prototyping of asynchronous vlsi systems

This thesis introduces data-driven decomposition (DDD), a new method for the high-level synthesis of asynchronous VLSI systems and the first method to target high-performance asynchronous circuits. Given a sequential description of circuit behavior, DDD produces an equivalent network of communicating processes that can each be directly implemented as fine-grained asynchronous pipeline stages. Control and datapath are integrated within each pipeline stage of the final system. We present many aspects of the synthesis of asynchronous VLSI systems, including general circuit templates that DDD uses to estimate low-level performance and energy metrics while optimizing the concurrent system. We also introduce a new circuit model and new techniques for slack matching, a performance optimization that inserts pipelining into a system to modify asynchronous handshake dynamics and increase throughput. The entire method is then applied to a complex control unit from an asynchronous 8051 microcontroller, as an example. This thesis also introduces a new architecture for an asynchronous field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The architecture is cluster-based and, unlike most FPGA designs, contains an entirely delay-insensitive interconnect. The basic reconfigurable cells of this FPGA fit the asynchronous pipeline-stage circuit-template used by DDD, and the reconfigurable clusters include circuitry that implements features assumed by an optimization phase of DDD, which reduces the energy consumption of the system.
Transverse Bragg-resonant enhancement of Modulation and switching

We demonstrate theoretically that the electrooptic phase retardation, hence, modulation, can be enhanced very substantially in transverse Bragg resonance (TBR) waveguides. This enhancement is due fundamentally to the strong dependence of the dispersion of the TBR waveguide on the Bragg condition. Both theoretical and numerical analysis show that this enhancement can be used to improve the performance of directional coupler switches and electroabsorption modulators, leading potentially to major reductions in the device size or the switching voltage/current.
Breadth of Extracurricular Participation and Adolescent Adjustment Among African-American and European-American Youth

We examined the linear and nonlinear relations between breadth of extracurricular participation in 11th grade and developmental outcomes at 11th grade and 1 year after high school in an economically diverse sample of African-American and European-American youth. In general, controlling for demographic factors, children's motivation, and the dependent variable measured 3 years earlier, breadth was positively associated with indicators of academic adjustment at 11th grade and at 1 year after high school. In addition, for the three academic outcomes (i.e., grades, educational expectations, and educational status) the nonlinear function was significant; at high levels of involvement the well-being of youth leveled off or declined slightly. In addition, breadth of participation at 11th grade predicted lower internalizing behavior, externalizing behavior, alcohol use, and marijuana use at 11th grade. Finally, the total number of extracurricular activities at 11th grade was associated with civic engagement 2 years later.
Multiple-frame motion estimation using simple region features

Simple region features consist of the salient parts of regions bounded by the zero-crossings of the Laplacian of Gaussian operator. Simple region features have two fundamental advantages over existing features, such as edges. First, there is no threshold involved in simple region feature extraction process; thus, the process is not sensitive to the specification of the threshold. Second, the features consist of regions, rather than points. Consequently, they have geometric attributes, such as area, shape, and orientation, that can be exploited by subsequent processes. In this paper, we use simple region features to estimate camera motion and depth over multiple frames. A tracking algorithm computes the correspondence of the features across the image sequence; recursive estimates are obtained for the optical flow of each of the features. The geometric properties of the features are used to determine a measure of the reliability of the correspondence mapping. A weighted least-squares error estimate is obtained for the camera motion and the depth of each feature; the weights for each error term are derived from the reliability measure of the correspondence mappings.
A microprocessor implementation of a dedicated store-and-forward data communications system

The stored-program approach to data communications system design is not new. The past several years have witnessed a large and ever-increasing number of minicomputers and larger processors dedicated to the implementation of a variety of data communications functions. To date, however, the use of computers has been relegated primarily to medium-sized and larger systems where highly complex data communications requirements justify reasonably large investments in hardware and software. In many low-end applications, however, the high cost of minicomputers and their associated peripherals cannot be justified. This is especially true in a dedicated system where two terminals (or groups of terminals) communicate over a dedicated communications channel.
The role of body size in individual‐based foraging strategies of a top marine predator

Body size is an important determinant of the diving and foraging ability in air-breathing marine vertebrate predators. Satellite-linked dive recorders were used during 2003-2004 to investigate the foraging behavior of 22 male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus, a large, sexually dimorphic otariid) and to evaluate the extent to which body size explained variation among individuals and foraging strategies. Multivariate analyses were used to reduce the number of behavioral variables used to characterize foraging strategies (principal component analysis, PCA), to identify individually based foraging strategies in multidimensional space (hierarchical cluster analysis), and to classify each individual into a cluster or foraging strategy (discriminant analysis). Approximately 81.1% of the variation in diving behavior among individuals was explained by three factors: diving patterns (PC1), foraging effort (PC2), and behavior at the surface (PC3). Individuals were classified into three distinct groups based on their diving behavior (shallow, mixed depth, and deeper divers), and jackknife resampling of the data resulted in correct group assignment 86% of the time. Body size as an independent variable was positively related to dive duration and time spent ashore and negatively related to time at sea, and it was a key parameter in PC2 used to classify the three distinct clusters. Differences among individual-based foraging strategies probably were driven by differences in body size, which enabled larger animals to dive deeper and forage more efficiently by targeting different and perhaps larger prey items. The occurrence of foraging specializations within a species and age class has implications for quantitative modeling of population-level predator-prey interactions and ecosystem structure.
Time for Changes in Pneumococcal Vaccination of Adults

Because Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among young children and elderly adults, Healthy People 2020 includes several objectives for decreasing invasive pneumococcal disease and increasing pneumococcal vaccine uptake. Current recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding pneumococcal vaccination for adults have not changed appreciatively in several years. However, it is possible that ongoing research may lead to changes in these recommendations within the next few years. Since the licensure of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children in 2000, impressive decreases in pneumonia-related diseases caused by strains in the vaccine have been noted among all age groups receiving vaccination. Coupled with continued concerns about the efficacy of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for adults, particularly in regard to nonbacteremic pneumonia, questions are raised about the potential efficacy and viability of conjugate vaccines for adults.
Modeling and using physical constraints in scene analysis

This paper describes the results obtained in a research program ultimately concerned with deriving a physical sketch of a scene from one or more images. Our approach involves modeling physically meaningful information that can be used to constrain the interpretation process, as well as modeling the actual scene content. In particular, we address the problems of modeling the imaging process (camera and illumination), the scene geometry (edge classification and surface reconstruction), and elements of scene content (material composition and skyline delineation).
Design of linear variable reluctance motor using computer-aided design assistant

The objective of this paper is to develop a computer-aided design methodology for linear variable reluctance motors based on Monte Carlo synthesis, rapid performance analysis, and design optimization using multi-attribute dominance. The random synthesis aspect of this approach has the advantage of not relying on expert rules or past experience that may limit design creativity. The multi-attribute dominance feature of this approach allows evaluation of design trade-offs along performance frontiers. With manufacturing automation as the target application, the design goal is to search for motors characterized by maximum acceleration subject to constraints on current density, flux density, speed and voltage
Loxapine in Neurotic Anxiety: Some Modifiers of Treatment Response

The authors describe a double-blind trial of six weeks duration which was designed to compare the anxiolytic properties of chlordiazepoxide, loxapine and placebo in a total of 135 anxious neurotic out-patients.
Applications of systolic array architectures to motion analysis studies

Several types of systolic array architecture with applications in motion analysis studies are presented. These architectures are designed for rapid computation of velocity, acceleration, and jerk. Once the pipeline is full, the values of these parameters are obtained at every clock cycle. For the linear array, (n+1) processing cells are required for computing a derivative of order (n). Nine processing cells are needed for the triangular systolic array for computing position velocity, acceleration, and jerk. >
Ethanol and nerve growth factor effects on calcium homeostasis in cultured embryonic rat medial septal neurons before and during depolarization

Ethanol and nerve growth factor (NGF) affect the survival of cholinergic neurons in the rat medial septum. To investigate whether calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in these neurons is affected by ethanol or NGF treatment, changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were studied in embryonic (E21) cultured medial septal neurons before stimulation (basal) and during stimulation with high potassium (K+). Changes in [Ca2+]i across time were measured in cultures of neurons treated without ethanol or with 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg% ethanol with NGF (+NGF) or without NGF (-NGF). Changes in [Ca2+]i were analyzed from fluorescence images, using indo-1. The effect of ethanol or NGF treatment was to reduce the rise in basal [Ca2+]i. The combination of ethanol and NGF treatment in +NGF neurons led to increases in basal [Ca2+]i with the greatest increase in basal [Ca2+]i occurring with 200 mg% ethanol. The effect of ethanol or NGF was to increase [Ca2+]i during stimulation with high K+. The greatest increases in [Ca2+]i occurred with 100 and 800 mg% ethanol. Together, ethanol and NGF treatment in +NGF-treated neurons led to significantly greater increases or decreases in K+ stimulated changes in [Ca2+]i compared to similarly treated -NGF neurons. We conclude that in medial septal neurons (before and during depolarization) changes in Ca2+ homeostasis occur in the presence of ethanol or NGF. The changes in [Ca2+]i following ethanol treatment are greater when NGF is present.
Acyloin Condensation in which Chlorotrimethylsilane is used as a Trapping Agent: 1,2‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene and 2‐Hydroxycyclobutanone

Acyloin condensation in which chlorotrimethylsilane is used as a trapping agent: 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene and 2-hydroxycyclobutanone product: 1,2-Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene product: 2-hydroxycyclobutanone Keywords: coupling; cyclization, reductive cyclization; reduction, miscellaneous; chlorotrimethylsilane, drying of; sodium sand; sodium-potassium alloy; toluene; chlorotrimethylsilane, in acyloin reactions; sodium-potassium alloy; addition funnels, Hershberg; dry-box, in the preparation of 2-hydroxycyclobutanone; stirrers, vibromixer; vibromixer
EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURE IN ASIA

In this article I draw attention to the galaxy of European buildings built over the last five centuries in Asia. I show how quickly and accurately European styles of the day were adopted in Asia, w...
Chapter 4 Cytokine regulation of protein accretion in growing animals

Publisher Summary This chapter discuss the process of immune system which regulates feed intake and arbitrates the balance between skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation, to provide a biological explanation for the under growth of sick animals. Inflammatory cytokines secreted by activated leukocytes are the critical molecules that enable the immune system to influence disparate physiological systems that are important for determining protein accretion in growing animals. Because inflammatory cytokines reduce voluntary feed intake, and thus the nutrients available to support protein accretion. The effects of inflammatory cytokines on skeletal muscle protein synthesis are also reviewed in the chapter. The inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α, reduce feed intake, interfere with the somatotropic axis, reduce skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and enhance skeletal muscle protein degradation. The inflammatory cytokines that inhibit protein synthesis concomitantly enhance skeletal muscle protein degradation. The chapter discusses the effects of infection and inflammatory cytokines on the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-ubiquitin-dependent, calcium-dependent (calpains), and lysosomal (cathepsins) proteolytic pathways.
The Goodness of Qualitative Research

Research that is not theory d driven, hypothesis testing, or generalization producing may be dismissed as deficient or worse. This narrow conception does an injustice to the variety of contributions that qualitative research can make. In this article I draw upon studies conducted by means of qualitative research methods in order to demonstrate the breadth of desirable outcomes.
Needs Assessment for the Design of Information Synthesis Visual Analytics Tools

Information synthesis is a key portion of the analysis process with visual analytics tools. This stage of work requires users to collect, organize, and add meaning to individual analytical results. This paper reports the results of a needs assessment study with technical and bio/chemical security analysts intended to characterize the ways in which users currently synthesize information,and to elicit ideas for future tools to support information synthesis. Our work used structured interviews to obtain knowledge from analysts. Responses indicate that synthesis is currently supported through the use of office productivity software, and current tools do not provide adequate support for the task of information synthesis.
Method for determining object intensity distributions in stellar speckle interferometry

We describe a method for finding the intensity distribution of an object from a measurement, or measurements, of its cross-power spectrum. This technique, like the Knox–Thompson algorithm, makes use of the phase information contained in the cross spectrum; it is based on a systematic procedure for locating the complex zeros representing the spectrum of an object.
The retrospective problem in sequential population analysis: An investigation using cod fishery and simulated data

The retrospective problem is a systematic inconsistency among a series of estimates of population size, or related assessment variables, based on increasing periods of data. In some stocks, this problem is of such magnitude that sequential population analyses (SPA) are deemed inapplicable. The eastern Scotian Shelf (ESS) cod fishery, which displays the retrospective problem, and simulated data are analysed to provide insight into the causes and potential solutions to this problem. The retrospective problem is shown to be a result of the traditional analysis techniques and a non-stationarity in the data used in the population analysis. A moving window analysis is developed which allows the non-stationarities to be identified and in some cases rectified. Recommendations are also made for ad hoc investigations of the data. The analysis suggests that failure to correct the retrospective problem for a stock with data like ESS cod could lead to catch-level advice that would be twice or more the intended level. ? 1999 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Exploring the relationship between degrees of self similarity and altered driving states

Combating the dangers of distracted driving is currently one of the major road safety concerns for our society. There is much being done to increase awareness on the issue and also to legislate punishment for drivers shoo get caught turning their focus away from the road, but these have not proven to fully address the issue. While cars are equipped with several other systems to keep their drivers and all nearby safe, there is a void when it comes to tools which can help keep drivers alerts, or at least to help identify the driver's distraction states. This work seeks to unmask distracted driving by monitoring the statistical self similarity of physiological, environmental and vehicular channels of data, through the application of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA). Combining the self similarity property for several but not all the channels in the considered data, a viable predictor was generated. Implemented in large part as a Self Organizing Map (SOM) construct, the predictor confirms that self similarity contains useful information. More work is required to uncover why this is the case, as well as just how good a predictor can be generated through extending this approach.
Phase ambiguities in higher dimensions

By use of a Fourier-coefficient shift and subsequentz-transform, we employ the familiar process of replacing image trigonometric polynomials by polynomials in one or more variables. Among these polynomials we consider a «standard» type and define a «conjugation» on them. This conjugation has some of the same important properties as does the conjugation of complex numbers and this enables us to prove that the single concept which unifies the enumeration of phase ambiguities from amplitude data for images in any number of dimensions is «prime flipping». This reduces to «zero flipping» in the one-dimensional case. The presence of self-conjugate primes in the polynomial of an image does not lead to phase ambiguities, just as the presence of real zeros in the one-dimensional case does not produce such ambiguities. We show that all phase solution images which produce the same intensity must have the same integral band width.
Imaging: Nano meets femto

Scanning near-field optical microscopy combined with pump–probe spectroscopy can resolve ultrafast dynamics at the nanoscale.
Sectionalism in Congress (1870 to 1890)

Sectionalism is a fundamental and persistent factor in American politics. In the shaping of congressional legislation and even in the formation of the platforms of our national parties, the influence of conflicting sectional interests is of prime importance. The precise nature of such sectional conflicts and the alignment of the various sections upon the leading policies of the time are clearly revealed by an analysis of the votes and debates in Congress on outstanding issues of national importance. Such votes, mapped by congressional districts, show that again and again party lines are broken by the force of sectional interest and that both Republicans and Democrats divide into sectional wings.A study of the period from the early 1870's to 1890 shows that sectionalism at that time was in large measure the product of the interaction of two movements in our national development,—the rapid expansion of Western settlement, particularly in the trans-Mississippi Middle West (the West North Central states) and the Mountain region, and the marked intensification of industrialism in the older sections of the country, especially in the North Atlantic states. Sectional alliances are flexible and shift with changing economic conditions. The East North Central states, for example, which at the beginning of the period usually vote in alliance with the West North Central and South, by the later eighties are found often on the side of the North Atlantic, a change which may be due to the fact that in the interval they had undergone a marked industrial development which gave them economic interests in common with the older sections. The areas of strongest radical voting move farther West with the shift in the centres of production of grain and livestock; that is, the nucleus of revolt in the Western wing of the Republican party especially is in the newer agricultural regions.
Species of Puccinia on Salvia in Europe, Asia, and Africa

This paper concludes a monograph of the species of Puccinia known to occur on Salvia. Previously, the North American (1) and South American (2) members of this group of rusts were reviewed. The present paper redescribes and redefines the six known species occurring in Europe, Asia and Africa. Puccinia nevadensis Syd. and Puccinia salviae-interruptae Maire are reduced to synonymy with Puccinia bithynica Magn. Neotypes are selected for Puccinia nigrescens Kirchn. and Puccinia salviae Ung.
Abstract 5090: Targeted inhibition of MEK and AKT pathways in combination with radiation as a novel treatment paradigm in pancreatic cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL There is an urgent need for the development of novel therapies to treat pancreatic cancer, which is among the most lethal of all cancers. KRAS activating mutations, which are found in >90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas, drive tumor dependency on the RAS/MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Radiation is currently being explored in both the post-operative and inoperable settings as a component of the standard treatment regimen for pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that MEK inhibitors will offer clear therapeutic benefit when integrated into radiotherapy treatment regimens for treatment of this disease. We explored the activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways in response to radiation in multiple pancreatic tumor cell lines. Small molecule inhibitors of MEK (PD0325901) and AKT (API-2) were subsequently evaluated for their radiosensitizing potential alone and in combination. In vivo efficacy was tested in subcutaneous MiaPaCa2 xenografts and diffusion MRI (dMRI) was explored as a surrogate biomarker of response. Phosphorylated levels of ERK and AKT were found to increase in response to radiation treatment in our pancreatic tumor cell line panel. MEK inhibitor-induced radiosensitization was observed in vitro as well as in vivo, where changes in dMRI strongly correlated with changes in tumor burden. The further addition of an AKT inhibitor to the MEK inhibitor/radiation regimen resulted in enhanced therapeutic gain as measured by radiosensitization and tumor cell death. In conclusion, MEK inhibition results in growth arrest, apoptosis, and radiosensitization of multiple preclinical pancreatic tumor models and the effects can be enhanced by combination with an AKT inhibitor. These results provide rationale for further testing of a treatment regimen in pancreatic cancer that combines MEK inhibition with radiation, optimally in conjunction with AKT inhibition. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5090. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5090
Abstract B137: Assessment of nutrition status in children with leukemia: A study from a developing country

B137 Background In developing countries 40 % children suffer from mal-nutrition. It has been shown that a good nutritional status can reduce complications of treatment, strengthen the immune system and contribute to the patient’s general well being throughout treatment. A good nutritional status is therefore essential for optimal treatment of a leukemic child. The aim of our study was to see the nutritional status of leukemic children on diagnosis and effect of nutrition on outcome of therapy. Material & Methods During period from January 2004 to December 2007 we prospectively analyzed the nutritional status of 400 paediatric patients in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Cancer Research Institute, a tertiary cancer center of Eastern India. The age of the patients were 1 to 18 years (median age 12.5 years). The parameter analyzed were weight for age, height for age, total protein, serum albumin and skin fold thickness. The weight for age, height for age and skin fold thickness were taken as normal if they were between 3rd and 97th percentile curve of the growth chart recommended by the Indian Council of Medical Research. The albumin level and the total protein was considered normal if the value is equal to or more than 3gm% and 5.8gm% respectively. Result It was seen that total 56 patients (14% children) were low weight for age, 40 patients (10% children) were low height, and 67 patients (16.75% children) had low mid arm circumference. Total 44 patients (11% children) had low serum albumin while 80 patients (20% children) had low serum protein. It was found that low weight for age, low serum albumin and low mid arm circumference were significance factors in remission induction, disease free survival and toxicity of chemotherapy (p Conclusion We conclude that mal-nutrition is a major finding in cancer patients with leukemia in developing country like ours. The patient with mal-nutrition had less remission in induction, disease free survival and more toxicities during therapy as compared to well-nourished children. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B137.
Circulation Distribution in Leading Edge Vortices

*Data from a variety of experiments on leading edge vortices over sharp-edged delta wings are used to formulate an expression for the circulation distribution. A logarithmic region is shown to provide a transition between an exponential distribution in the viscous core and the spiral vortex outer flow. Pohlhamus’s circulation function for the attached flow lift is found to scale the observed circulation characteristics in the primary vortex over the delta wing. Nomenclature A = aspect ratio b = wing span Cr = root chord r = radial coordinate r1 = viscous core radius s = local semi-span of delta wing V = free stream velocity z = axial coordinate α = angle of attack β = constant in core growth equation Γ = circulation Γ0 = circulation of primary vortex Γ1 = circulation at the viscous core radius Γp = effective circulation due to potential flow κ = constant in eddy diffusivity formulation Λ = sweepback angle νt = eddy diffusivity
Comprehensive Evaluation of Guizhou Local Rice Germplasm Resources Based on Multi-objective Decision Making

In order to explore the application of multi-objective decision making(MODM) in germplasm and breeding,provide references for genetic research and germplasm enhancement,and provide a new method of comprehensive evaluation and breeding of rice,the MODM was adopted to comprehensivly evaluate fifty Guizhou rice germplasm resources.The results showed that the characters of Danuo were the best,followed by Yemanghe,Bainuogu and Yemanuo.Then,the fifty Guizhou rice germplasm resources were divided into five groups by cluster analysis.The first class was of early maturity and large grain;The second class performed ordinary;The third class was of high stalk,multi-spike and low seed setting percentage;The fourth class was of high stalk,high seed setting percentage and big spike;The fifth class was of early maturity,dwarf,multi-spike and high seed setting percentage.Moreover,the first three types were of low yields,the latter two types were of high yields.The optimal rice germplasm resources screened by MODM were clustered in the fourth and fifth types.Therefore,MODM was very simple and effective for evaluating the rice germplasm resources.
A multifocal comparison of health status and physical readiness test results of Navy personnel.

Many health risk factors are behaviorally related and therefore subject to modification. This study compared health risk appraisal (HRA) age, chronological age, identified risk factors, physiological measures, and demographic variables with Physical Readiness Test results of 100 active duty Navy personnel. Cholesterol levels were 200 mg/dl or greater in 42% of the subjects, with 32% having total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios of 5.0 or above. Additionally, HRA ages were significantly higher than chronological ages (p < or = .05). This study presents methods for (1) identifying needs for health teaching and/or counseling, and (2) increasing individual awareness of health risk factors and the effects of lifestyle on health risk.
Measuring the Impact of Community Service Learning

Opportunities for students to engage in community service and community service learning are increasingly prevalent on American college campuses. According to an annual survey of college freshmen by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 65 percent of American college students recently characterized their respective universities as offering opportunities for community service learning (Liu, Ruiz, DeAngelo & Pryor, 2009). Likewise, the Corporation for National and Community Service has reported that the number of college students participating in community service jumped from 2.7 million in 2002 to 3.3 million in 2005, a growth rate double that of adult volunteers during this same time period (Dote, Cramer, Dietz & Grimm, 2006).
Positronium collisions with molecular nitrogen

Positronium (Ps) collisions with molecular hydrogen are investigated theoretically. Elastic and Ps ionization cross sections are calculated. For elastic scattering the pseudopotential method, previously developed for rare-gas atoms, is applied. Ps ionization cross sections are calculated using the binary-encounter approximation. The results agree with swarm measurements at low collision energies and with beam measurements at higher energies. The total Ps-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ cross section when plotted as a function of collision velocity is close to the ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ cross section at velocities above the Ps ionization threshold, confirming earlier observations [Brawley et al., Science 330, 789 (2010)]. However, below the threshold the two sets of cross sections are different because of the different nature of the long-range interaction between the projectile and the target, the polarization interaction in the case of ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ collisions and the van der Waals interaction in the case of Ps-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ collisions.
Substantia Nigra: The Involvement of Central and Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Physical Dependence on Diazepam as Evidenced by Behavioral and EEG Effects

Abstract Male rats chronically exposed to diazepam (DZ) slowly released from subcutaneously implanted silastic capsules along with empty capsule control rats were focally injected (1 μl) into the substantia nigra (SNR) with the central (CBR) and peripheral (PBR) benzodiazepine receptor antagonists, flumazenil [(FLU) 6.25, 12.5, 25 μg] and PK 11195 [(PK) 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 μg], respectively (weekly intervals; Latin square design). Rats were observed for signs of withdrawal and the EEG was recorded simultaneously from the site of injection (SNR), caudate putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. In DZ-dependent rats the Precipitated Abstinence Score (PAS) was significantly related to dose of FLU. The PAS increased with increasing doses of PK (3.125–12.5 μg); however, the highest dose of PK (25 μg) showed less effect. The rapid onset of the PAS was accompanied by a rise in the total power (1–32 Hz) of the EEG (TPEEG) in the SNR and other brain areas. The PAS and TPEEG had similar time courses. Intranigrally injected FLU and PK did not evoke clonic and tonic–clonic convulsions; however, both antagonists induced dose-related twitches and jerks. Additionally, FLU precipitated a dose-related tachypnea and increases in turning and backing. Chronic DZ treatment altered the spectral content of the EEG, as indicated by a decrease and an increase of the slow and fast frequency bands, respectively. FLU and PK rapidly but transiently reversed the EEG. Data suggest that in the SNR the CBR mediate autonomic and motor signs of DZ withdrawal, while both the CBR and PBR are responsible for twitches and jerks and alteration of the EEG. It is possible that PK also acts on the site linked to a GABAA/CBR/ionophore.
Asthma Disparity Photovoice: The Discourses of Black Adolescent and Public Health Policymakers:

Background. Policies in U.S. public schools that address asthma management for Black adolescents may not sufficiently transform sociocultural determinants of disparities. A critical analysis of pub...
Determining the amount of overstepping required to nucleate garnet during Barrovian regional metamorphism, Connecticut Valley Synclinorium

The novel method of inclusion barometry coupled with calculation of the required affinity for garnet nucleation is applied to three samples from the previously well-characterized Connecticut Valley Synclinorium in central Vermont. Raman shifts for quartz inclusions record a range of maximum peak shifts of the quartz 464 cm−1 peak from 2.4–3.0 cm−1. Temperature of garnet nucleation was constrained by calculating mineral assemblage diagrams in the MnNCKFMASHT system and plotting the intersection of quartz inclusion in garnet barometry (QuiG) with Zr-in-rutile thermometry. Utilizing the intersection of Zr-in-rutile thermometry with QuiG barometry, garnet nucleation is inferred to have occurred within a P–T range of ~8.6–9.5 kbar and ~560–575 °C. These P–T conditions for garnet nucleation are significantly higher than calculated equilibrium garnet-in isograds for the three samples. Affinities for garnet nucleation were calculated as the difference between the free energy of a fictive garnet composition based on the matrix assemblage and the free energy of the nucleated garnet. The calculated nucleation affinity varied from 300–600 kJ/mol O for St-Ky grade samples. These results suggest that the assumption that metamorphism proceeds as a sequence of near-equilibrium conditions cannot, in general, be made for regional metamorphic terranes. This body of work agrees with numerous recent studies showing that garnet producing reactions must be overstepped in order to for garnet to nucleate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.