cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large focal tumor‐like demyelinating lesions of the brain: Intermediate entity between multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis? A study of 31 patients

Thirty-one patients with large, focal cerebral demyelinating lesions are reported. Twenty-four patients had solitary lesions and 7 had multiple foci, the latter apparently of identical age. The lesions presented clinically and radiologically as brain tumors (gliomas or metastases) or as multiple cysts. Six patients were older than 57 years (2 in their 70s) at the onset of their symptoms. The demyelinating nature of the lesions was established through biopsy in each patient and all improved significantly after corticosteroid therapy. Three patients developed additional lesions during the follow-up periods ranging from 9 months to 12 years consistent with the course of multiple sclerosis. Twenty-eight patients did not develop additional lesions. These included 6 patients with multiple lesions at the onset. In 1 of the patients, the first symptoms developed 10 days after receiving vaccination against influenza. Two patients had concomitant malignancy (chronic monomyelogenous leukemia and retroperitoneal seminoma respectively) and 1 patient developed immunoblastic sarcoma in the opposite hemisphere after biopsy diagnosis and steroid treatment of her demyelinating lesion. Tumor-like masses of demyelination may occupy an intermediate position between multiple sclerosis and postinfectious/postvaccination encephalitis. The clinical course (history of vaccination in one instance, acute onset, good response to corticosteroids, no clinical or radiological evidence of new lesions in the great majority of patients) favored postinfectious/postvaccination encephalitis. Lesion size however greatly exceeded that of the small foci of perivenous demyelination seen in typical postinfectious/postvaccination encephalitis and tended to present as space-occupying masses.
Using ISO 14001 to promote a sustainable supply chain strategy

Formally adopted in 1996 by the International Organization of Standardization, ISO 14001 represents a voluntary international environmental standard, which will likely be adopted by a vast majority of corporations. Its major focus is on the structure, implementation and maintenance of a formal environmental management system. Despite its international acceptance, ISO 14001 is surrounded by controversy and criticism. The literature is clearly divided in its assessment of ISO 14001, which is viewed as a variant of total quality environmental management or a paper-driven process of limited value. In this study, case-based research is used to address the competing views of the standard to show that ISO 14001 registration can be leveraged across the supply chain into a competitive advantage. By looking at ISO 14001 registered firms, we compare different amounts of integration and sustainability in the supply chain. We then posit several research propositions to provide an empirical framework for the impacts of ISO 14001 on supply chain design and how it will evolve in the future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Hexachloroplatinate-Initiated Synthesis of Polyaniline/Platinum Composite

The chemical synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) is explored using hexachloroplatinate, PtCl62. These studies provide a simple method for the spontaneous oxidation of aniline by PtCl62- and simultaneous formation of gram quantities of PANI/Pt composite. The degree of Pt incorporation and subsequent encapsulation is based on a multistep reduction/oxidation process. The first step involves the reduction of PtCl62- to PtCl42- or Pt(0) and formation of the aniline radical cation in solution. The further reduction of PtCl42- to Pt(0) can also occur after aniline oligomers and polymer are formed in solution. The platinum colloids act as nucleation sites for the polymer forming the PANI/Pt composite, which precipitates from solution. Elemental analysis, XPS, and FTIR studies of the material indicate the properties of the polymer are consistent with the formation of a polymer salt containing metallic Pt. SEM images indicate that the Pt particles have maximum diameters on the order of 0.5−1 μm with some aggregation of...
Some reflections on the emergence of a profession

Producing Quality Technical Information played a major role in the shift from product-oriented information to user-oriented information. It brought to a large community of technical communicators an awareness of the role that technical information should play: not a description of a technical product or process but, rather, a description of what people need to do to use the product or perform the process. This shift in focus -- from product to user -- led to many changes in our profession and in our professional careers. No longer mere documentors of what others had done, we emerged as professionals who added value and usability to the project on which we worked.
GROWTH OF MARINE BACTERIA AT LIMITING CONCENTRATIONS OF ORGANIC CARBON IN SEAWATER1

Growth responses of several species of heterotrophic marine bacteria to limiting conccntrations of lactate, glycerol, and glucose in seawater were determined in a chemostat. In all casts, threshold concentrations of the limiting substrates were found below which the organisms were unable to grow. This phenomenon is explained on the basis of a positive feedback mechanism, which is abolished below a certain minimum population density. The resulting inhibitory effect on growth leaves a corresponding concentration of the limiting substrate unattacked. According to their growth parameters, two types of spccics could bc distinguished, one adapted to the marine environment by its ability to grow at low substrate concentrations and one inactive in natural seawater but surviving. The implications of these results on the rates of microbial transformations and on the occurrence and concentrations OF dissolved organic material in the sea are discussed.
Survival following Burkholderia cepacia sepsis in a patient with cystic fibrosis treated with corticosteroids

We describe an 11-year-old girl with cystic fibrosis (CF) who presented with respiratory failure and Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia (cepacia syndrome). She survived her illness after aggressive treatment with parenteral antibiotics and corticosteroids. We speculate that treatment with corticosteroids may decrease the influx of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil-induced inflammation, with resulting improvement in the outcome of cepacia syndrome in CF patients.
The splitting number of complete bipartite graphs

Soit un graphe H, on construit un nouveau graphe G avec un sommet de moins en remplacant deux sommets non adjacents u et v de H par un seul sommet qui est adjacent a tous les sommets de H qui sont adjacents avec soit u soit v. On dit que G s'obtient a partir de H par une identification de sommet. On definit le nombre de composition sp(G) d'un graphe G comme etant le plus petit nombre k tel que G puisse s'obtenir d'un graphe planaire par k identifications de sommet
A comprehensive review of intake estimates of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) based on indirect exposure models and urinary biomonitoring data.

Abstract Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) is a high molecular weight general purpose plasticizer used principally in the manufacture of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) articles. DINP metabolites can be measured in biological media such as blood and urine. However, measurement of a substance in the blood or urine does not by itself mean that the chemical causes or is associated with adverse health outcomes. This is particularly pertinent given the advances in modern analytical techniques whereby ever diminishing trace amounts of substances can be detected. Therefore, it is a scientific necessity that risk assessors understand the relationship of biomonitoring data to estimation of exposure so that appropriate comparisons can be made to the no observed adverse effects levels (NOAELs) or other points of departure from toxicological studies in animals. In this paper, estimates of daily DINP intake are calculated for various population segments based on urinary biomonitoring data and are compared to estimates of exposure based on indirect methods and to health-based exposure guidance values. In general, intake estimates converge on a mean of 1–2 μg/kg/day regardless of source of exposure or population cluster; a value 2-orders of magnitude lower than health-based exposure guidance values, ranging from 120 to 290 μg/kg/day, which have been established by regulatory authorities and other authoritative bodies as representing acceptable levels.
Modification of a sputter ion source for Van de Graaff operation

Abstract The modification of a sputter ion source of Hill-Nelson design for operation in a 5-MV VDG accelerator is described and its performance is discussed. The modified ion source has produced stable 58 Ni ion beams of several microamperes intensity at 3 MeV with acceptable filament and source-part lifetimes.
A Comparison of Treatment Strategies for Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: Analysis of Financial Impact

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three treatment strategies for adenocarcinoma of the endometrium on the utilization of adjuvant radiation therapy and the medical charges associated with each pattern of practice. Methods. Three clinical algorithms felt to represent practice patterns for patients with endometrial cancer were considered: (1) comprehensive surgical staging of all patients, with adjuvant pelvic radiation reserved for documented cases of extrauterine disease, (2) total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH/BSO) with lymph node dissection reserved for cases of myometrial invasion, followed by adjuvant radiation based on the presence of uterine risk factors, and (3) TAH/BSO followed by intraoperative pathologic assessment of the uterus and consultation with a "surgical" oncologist for comprehensive staging. Each algorithm was applied to a cohort of 190 surgically staged patients identified through a retrospective medical records review. The use of radiation in each algorithm was quantified and the associated financial impact was estimated using hospital charges. Results. Treatment algorithm 1 yielded the lowest charges per patient at $12,778.52. Treatment algorithms 2 and 3 had associated charges per patient of $15,997.02 and $17,343.44, respectively. Conclusion. Approaches to care that lead to cost-effective utilization of health care resources should be pursued.
Detection of amplified Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in mosquitoes with a nonradioactive probe

Abstract A technique to identify Wuchereria bancrofti larvae in mosquito vectors with an enzyme-labeled DNA probe is described. To overcome the low sensitivity of nonradioactive detection methods, analyte DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify W. bancrofti -specific DNA fragments of 380 and 650 bp, respectively. Parasite DNA in mosquito extracts was isolated free of inhibitors of the PCR by hybridization to a biotinylated DNA fragment (IWb 67), which hybridizes to DNA from most filarial species, followed by absorption of the resulting DNA hybrids onto avidin-coated acrylic beads. PCR-amplified DNA was detected with a biotin-labeled W. bancrofti -specific repeat DNA (IWb 35) coupled to avidin-alkaline phosphatase and the chemiluminescent substrate, AMPPD™. The DNA equivalent of less than one larva can be detected by this method in mosquito extracts. The sensitivity of detection was comparable to that of radioactive probes and the assay is suitable for field application in endemic countries.
Biophysical aggregations of a forested landscape using an ecological diagnostic system

We demonstrate a methodology for executing ecosystem models on large regional data sets by organizing and reducing their size prior to executing the model. A knowledge-based (KB) classification method was constructed to aggregate large raster data layers into fewer biophysical landtypes as defined by a climate-soil-vegetation equilibrium. Statistical tests compared simulated seasonal water stress from raster data simulations to their KB landtype and verified that the KB classifications are ordered along a seasonal water stress gradient (p=0.95). The KB method produced a more distinct water stress classification than an alternative GIS overlay classification. Internal concepts modelled by the KB, such as snowpack persistence, were compared to simulated snowpack depletion dates for a range of sites. The KB exhibited the same sensitivity, in direction and magnitude of variation, as simulated snowpack depletion dates from the process model FOREST-BGC. The KB method was 1000 times faster than the optimized versions of the physically based models, justifying the use of a KB as an efficient preprocessor to reduce a large database prior to ecosystem simulations.
Suckling rat colon synthesizes and processes active lactase-phlorizin hydrolase immunologically identical to that from jejunum.

ABSTRACT: To identify potential tissue-specific characteristics of intestinal glycoprotein synthesis and processing, rat intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (L-Ph) was studied after pulse-labeling of colonic explants from 5-d-old suckling rats in organ culture and the data compared to similar studies in rat jejunum. Histologic sections of 5-d-old proximal colon showed villus-like structures lined with columnar epithelial cells. Lactase and phlorizin hydrolase activities showed tissue-specific developmental patterns. Using a MAb to small intestinal L-Ph, we were able to immunoprecipitate from colon at different ages a protein that hydrolyzed lactose and phlorizin, and whose activity was not inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. After pulse-labeling for 60 min and chase for 30 min, immunoprecipitated L-Ph from total homogenates of rat colonic explants appeared on fluorography of SDS-PAGE as one band of approximately 205 kD. With increasing time of chase, it took 240 min before the precursor form was converted to the intermediate form (equivalent to the 180-kD form in jejunum) and the mature form (equivalent to the 130-kD form in jejunum), although these conversions in the jejunum were observed within 60 min of chase, and only 30 min of pulse labeling. When compared on SDS-PAGE to immunoprecipitated jejunal L-Ph, the precursor form in the colon had a slightly higher apparent mol wt than the corresponding precursor form found in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi fraction of the jejunum. The intermediate as well as the mature L-Ph forms in the colon were also both somewhat higher in apparent molecular weight than the same bands in the microvillus membrane fraction from jejunal explants. Removal of N-linked oligosaccharides from jejunum and colonic forms of L-Ph produced bands on SDS-PAGE with identical mobility, suggesting that the proteins were the same. The data demonstrate that, in neonatal colon, enzymatically active L-Ph undergoes biosynthetic and processing events similar to those in the jejunum. During early life, colonic L-Ph may function in the salvage of lactose not absorbed in the small intestine.
A Spherical Approach To Optical Flow

In the computer vision literature, the vision model used most frequently has incorporated Monge surfaces and either orthographic or planar perspective. In recent years, a vision model based on spherical surfaces and spherical perspective has arisen as an alternative that avoids the limitations of these standard models. In this paper we discuss the use of the spherical vision model in the study of optical flow for smooth surfaces.
Endotoxic activity in periapical lesions.

Abstract Thirty tissue samples were examined histologically and classified as being inflamed (apical granulomas) or noninflamed (scars or noninflamed cysts). The samples were then homogenized in pyrogen-free water and treated to remove interfering substances. The presence of endotoxin was then determined by means of the Limulus assay; 75 percent of the inflamed tissues were positive for endotoxin, while only 20 percent of the noninflamed tissues contained endotoxin. The presence of endotoxin was thus highly correlated (p = 0.015) with the presence of inflammation in these tissues.
Effect of Spaced Radiations on Lymphoid Cells in Tissue Culture

ConclusionSpaced radiation was found to be slightly more effective in inhibiting the migration rate of lymphoid cells when the interval between the radiations was 3 hours. Limited data at the indicated shorter intervals failed to reveal this difference.
The relationship between the elastic constants and the instantaneous normal modes of liquids

In the solid state the elastic properties of a substance are related quite simply and directly to its phonon spectrum. However, while it is well-known that liquids possess certain macroscopic elastic properties, their relationship with an analogous set of liquid phonons is far more tenuous. We show here that one candidate for what one might call the phonons of a liquid its instantaneous normal modes has a very precise connection with the liquid’s high-frequency macroscopic elastic moduli. This connection suggests, moreover, that there is at least some plane-wave-like character to the short-time, long-wavelength dynamics of liquids.
A synthetic quest for tris(imidazolyl) carboxylates and their metal complexes: active site models for quercetin 2,3-dioxygenases and other non-heme redox metalloenzymes

Abstract Synthetic routes to tris(imidazolyl)carboxylate ligands and representative metal complexes are reported, which provide more accurate active site models for several classes of redox metalloenzymes. In the first route a hydroxypivalate ester is converted in four regioselective steps to an imidazole diester 4; this is then converted to tris(imidazolyl)carboxylic acid ligand 9, featuring regiospecific double addition of an N-protected lithio-imidazole to an imidazole diester 8. Ligand 9 forms a Co(III) complex, (9)(9-H)Co (10), characterized by X-ray diffraction, coordinated via two imidazole units and the carboxylate. A second route was developed, which provides more soluble ligands that are less prone to form oligomeric complexes. It utilizes addition of the Grignard reagent from 4-iodo-2-isopropylimidazole 12 to an imidazole diester 13, producing atropisomeric tris(imidazolyl)carbinol esters 15M. Treatment of 15M with [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 gives a trinuclear complex 16 having alkoxide bridges between neighboring Cu atoms. A third route avoids the bridging alkoxo groups by reduction of tris(imidazolyl)carbinol 15M to the tris(imidazolyl)methane ester 17, which is hydrolyzed to the tris(imidazolyl)methane carboxylic acid 11a. This ligand reacts with [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 to produce dinuclear complex [(11a-H)2Cu2](PF6)2 (18), whose X-ray crystal structure shows each copper in a distorted square pyramidal geometry with coordination to the three imidazoles and two bridging carboxylate oxygens. Complex 18 is geometrically similar to the active site copper in quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase.
High precision atmospheric CO 2 measurements from space: The design and implementation of OCO-2

The OCO-2 mission is designed to make high-precision, high-spatial resolution measurements of carbon dioxide, globally. OCO-2 will carry a single instrument that incorporates 3 high resolution grating spectrometers that will make co-boresighted measurements of reflected sunlight in near-infrared CO 2 and molecular oxygen (O 2 ) absorption bands. These measurements will be used to retrieve spatially-resolved estimates of the column-averaged CO 2 dry air mole fraction, X CO2 . The OCO-2 mission is a ‘carbon copy’ of the OCO mission that was constructed and launched in February 2009. Unfortunately, because of a failure of the launch vehicle, the OCO observatory never reached orbit. In March 2010, JPL was given direction to build a replacement for the OCO instrument mission, to be called OCO-2. In order to minimize risk, and reduce cost, the mission was directed to duplicate the design of the OCO observatory. In this paper, we discuss some of the unique features of the OCO design, as well as the challenges presented by trying to implement a design that is more than a decade old.
Conformational Studies of Vibrational Properties and Electronic States of Leucoemeraldine Base and Its Oligomers

Ab initio geometry optimizations and normal mode analysis have been performed on a series of oligomers of leucoemeraldine base (LB, the fully reduced amine form of polyaniline) over conformational variations with the HF/6-31G* basis set. Aniline was used to obtain 12 force constant scaling factors with the best vibrational frequency root mean square error of 5.2 cm-1. These scaling factors are used in the analysis of the vibrational spectra of diphenylamine, N,N ‘-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, aniline end-capped trimer, and LB. A polymeric normal mode analysis has been performed using the scaled quantum mechanical oligomer force field (SQMOFF) method where polymer force fields are constructed from the extrapolation of scaled ab initio oligomer force fields. CN stretching, NH rocking, and CH in-plane bending modes are strongly affected by the molecular conformation. The peaks around 1220 and 1180 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum turn out to be indicators of molecular and polymeric planarity. The differences bet...
Meeco: Gamifying ecology through a social networking platform

There is an eco-revolution going on, but not many people are joining it. Meeco intends to guide, encourage and commit people to live eco-friendlier lives in a more social and enjoyable way. It uses Location Based Services, Web Services and Game mechanics to create an engaging service that wants to make a difference in everyday life, one green action at a time. This paper is an overview of the research and analysis done, the concept creation, game design and prototype implementation of the Meeco platform.
Medical research in clinical emergency settings in Europe

Clinical emergencies necessitate immediate action to avert the danger to the patient's life or health. Emergency patients might be in greatest need of novel therapies, and even presumed willing to assume some risk, but research into emergency conditions should be conducted under commonly accepted principles that fulfil the scientific, ethical, and legal criteria. Such criteria already exist in the US, but are still under development in Europe. This article introduces criteria upon which trials in emergency settings may be ethically and legally justified in Europe. Based on both legal texts and professional guidelines, the author has established seven conditions for emergency research, of which informed consent and its substitutes, as well as the conditions of direct benefit requirement and necessity, are considered most problematic and therefore analysed more closely. Other conditions include absence of alternative methods, scientific validity, and approval by an ethics committee.
High anxiety is associated with an increased risk of death in an older tri-ethnic population.

Background and Objectives The health consequences of anxiety in late life have not been adequately investigated. We sought to examine the association between anxiety and death in an older tri-ethnic population.
Auditory gating in schizophrenia: a pilot study of the precedence effect

Individuals with schizophrenia are known to exhibit diminished auditory gating, as manifested by prepulse inhibition of the startle response and suppression of the P50 evoked potential. Those observations indicate that schizophrenics have deficits of inhibitory auditory processing. The precedence effect is a phenomenon in which inhibitory processing in the auditory system aids the localization of sound sources and segregation of speech in complex auditory environments. We tested the hypothesis that schizophrenic subjects would exhibit deficits in psychophysical tests of the precedence effect. The performance of 12 male medicated schizophrenic subjects was compared with that of 12 male comparison subjects. Schizophrenics and comparison subjects clearly demonstrated all three aspects of the precedence effect that were evaluated: echo suppression, buildup of echo suppression, and breakdown of echo suppression. In none of these aspects did the performance of schizophrenic subjects differ significantly from that of the comparison subjects. These findings suggest that abnormalities of auditory spatial processing and speech segregation are unlikely to contribute to the clinical pathology of schizophrenia.
Pseudospectral multireference single and double excitation configuration interaction

We present a pseudospectral formulation of the multireference single and double excitation configuration interaction method. A formal scaling advantage is achieved and practical timings are presented. The accuracy of the pseudospectral approximation within this method is probed for a variety of test cases. The method is typically accurate to within 1 mhartree while being up to six times faster than conventional codes.
A Match-and-Motivation Model of How Women Label Their Nonconsensual Sexual Experiences

Many rape victims are unacknowledged rape victims—they report an experience meeting researchers’ operational definitions of rape but do not label their experience as rape. The purpose of this study was to investigate women’s decisions about whether to label their experiences as rape. Participants were 77 college women (predominantly White; mean age = 19.23) who had experienced rape according to the study’s operational definition. The researchers used open-ended questionnaires and interviews to explore participants’ explanations for labeling or not labeling their experience as rape. Explanations were related to match—whether the incident matched their rape script (e.g., whether the man fit their image of a rapist; whether they fought back)—and to motivation—the perceived consequences of using the label (e.g., discomfort with thinking of the perpetrator as a rapist; feeling less self-blame vs. feeling less control or more traumatized). Over time, participants were more likely to label their experience as ra...
Nodeless d -Wave Superconducting Pairing due to Residual Antiferromagnetism in Underdoped Pr 2 − x Ce x CuO 4 − δ

We investigate the doping dependence of the penetration depth versus temperature in electron-doped ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ce}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ using a model which assumes the uniform coexistence of (mean-field) antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. Despite the presence of a ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ pairing gap in the underlying spectrum, we find nodeless behavior of the low-$T$ penetration depth in the underdoped case, in accord with experimental results. As doping increases, a linear-in-$T$ behavior of the penetration depth, characteristic of $d$-wave pairing, emerges as the lower magnetic band crosses the Fermi level and creates a nodal Fermi surface pocket.
A Nomograph for the Correction of Spectral Data Recorded in Transmittance

Many spectra, particularly infrared spectra, are recorded on charts which are linear in transmittance as the ordinate vs wavelength or wave number as the abscissa. When these records are used for quantitative analysis, the data must be converted to absorbance.
Strength of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle and Functional Recovery after Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial of Electrical Stimulation *

Immediately after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, 110 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with high-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (thirty-one patients), high-level volitional exercise (thirty-four patients), low-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (twenty-five patients), or combined high and low-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (twenty patients). All treatment was performed isometrically with the knee in 65 degrees of flexion. All of the patients participated in an intensive program of closed-kinetic-chain exercise. After four weeks of treatment, the strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle and the kinematics of the knee during stance phase were measured. Quadriceps strength averaged 70 per cent or more of the strength on the uninvolved side in the two groups that were treated with high-intensity electrical stimulation (either alone or combined with low-intensity electrical stimulation), 57 per cent in the group that was treated with high-level volitional exercise, and 51 per cent in the group that was treated with low-intensity electrical stimulation. The kinematics of the knee joint were directly and significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the strength of the quadriceps. There was a clinically and statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference in the recovery of the quadriceps and the gait parameters according to the type of operation that had been performed: the patients who had had reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with use of an autologous patellar-ligament graft did poorly compared with the other patients.
Impairments in life quality among clients in geriatric home care: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms

†Previous Presentation: Some of the article’s findings were presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies in New York, NY, November 19–22, 2009. Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the independent contributions of depressive and anxiety symptoms to quality of life among older adults who were receiving services through a home care program. Methods: The study sample consisted of 66 community-dwelling older adults (ages 65years and older), who were experiencing chronic medical illness and concomitant functional disability necessitating home care. Participants completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life. Additional data on cognitive, health, and functional status were collected to be used as covariates. Results:The associations of depressive symptoms with quality of life impairments in home care were substantial and pervasive. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with quality of life impairments in nearly all domains. After controlling for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms accounted for additional and statistically significant variance in impaired life quality in the domains of mental health, role emotional functioning, and bodily pain. Conclusions: These results indicate that depressive and anxiety symptoms demonstrate negative associations with life quality among older adults in home care and highlight the importance of developing community-based programs to assess and treat depressive and anxiety symptoms among home care clients. Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the Pathogenic Potential of Cervid Adenovirus in Calves

Four 3-month-old Jersey calves and three 3-month-old Holstein calves were inoculated with cervid adenovirus and monitored for clinical signs until necropsied between 10 and 42 days postinoculation. The neonatal Jersey calves had received colostrum, and the Holstein calves were colostrum deprived. Preinoculation and postinoculation serum samples were tested for antibodies to the cervid adenovirus, bovine adenovirus type 6, bovine adenovirus type 7, and goat adenovirus type 1. Virus isolation was performed on kidney, nasal secretion, and/or lung homogenates in fetal white-tailed deer lung cells. Negatively stained preparations of feces from Jersey calves were examined weekly using an electron microscope, and weekly blood samples were collected for complete blood counts. Full necropsies were performed on all calves. A complete selection of tissues was evaluated for microscopic changes, and immunohistochemistry was performed on all tissues using a polyclonal antibody to deer adenovirus. No clinical signs were observed in the calves during the study period. Following inoculation, colostrum-deprived calves developed low antibody titers to deer adenovirus, while the Jersey calves that received colostrum did not. Calves that received colostrum had high antibody titers to bovine adenovirus type 7 and goat adenovirus type 1. No consistent gross or microscopic lesions were seen. Adenovirus was not observed in negatively stained preparations of feces. Immunohistochemistry results did not demonstrate virus in all tissues examined microscopically, and virus was not isolated from lungs, nasal secretions, and kidneys.
PEER STATUS INDICES FROM NOMINATIONAL AND RATING PROCEDURES IN REGULAR AND HOMOGENEOUS ABILITY GROUPED SIXTH GRADE CLASSES

The dependence or partial dependence of the peer evaluation on the total membership of rhe nominating or rating group has been long recognized as a limiting consideration in comparing social indices based on nominational data obtained by different persons in different groups (Bronfenbrenner, 1945). More recently a paired-comparison social rating procedure utilizing a personal reference frame derived from all persons known to the rater has been introduced (Gardner & Thompson, 1956). The Syracuse Scales of Social Relatio~zr is a direct outgrowth of these procedures. Though the authors suggest that use of the reference frame procedure reduces racing dependence on group composition thus facilitating intergroup comparisons (Gardner & Thompson, 1956; Gardner & Thompson, 1957), no data relating to this argument have been published. Nor have Syracuse Scales ratings been experimentally contrasted with those from simpler, more conventional nominational pr0cedures.l This smdy was prompted to provide data pertinent to these two areas of question. Peer evaluation achievement status indices were obtained using two procedures, a guess-who questionnaire and the need achievement-recognition scale of the Syracuse Scales of Social Relatiom. An examination of both indices was made in terms of retest reliability coefficients, inter-index correlations,~orrelations with outside criteria, and mumal identification of extremes (stars and isolates). Both procedures were administered to all Ss meeting in regular (relatively heterogeneous) classes and again as they met in ability (relatively homogeneous) classes, thus permitting comparisons of these achievement indices as obtained from relatively different peer group^.:^ PROCEDURE Subjects Ss were 110 pupils in four sixth grade classes currently enrolled in a public school in a semi-urban community in western New York State. These pupils also met as five 'homogeneous' groups approximately one-fifth of the school day. Assignment to homogeneous groups was based upon decision of a 'Earlier comparisons of partial-rank order (nominational procedures) rating scale, and paired comparisons procedures antedating the development of the Syracuse Scales have been reported by Thompson, Bligh, and Wicryol (1951), Thompson and Powell (1951), and Witryol and Thompson (1953). 'Correlations reported in rhis paper are Pearson product-moment coefficients. 3Approxirnately one-fifth of the pupils remained together in both their regular and ability grouped classes.
Synchronous mechanical rectifier-inverter-II

The embodiment of the general method for obtaining successful commutation in a synchronous mechanical rectifier-inverter by the use of harmonic voltages is described in this paper, which reports the results of tests on a 50 kw experimental unit. This type of rectifier is shown to have satisfactory characteristics of power factor, regulation, overload capacity, and commutation under transient load conditions, and has good efficiency, especially at low voltages and light loads.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.: Sermons on the Mount

“I've got too damned much to say, and the rest will have to wait,” wrote twenty-two-year-old Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. to his father on May 29, 1945. That was five months after being captured during the B...
Casus Belli U.S. Media and the Justification of the Iraq War

In departing from the traditional principles of a “just war” theory, which demands that military action be taken only in self-defense, the U.S. government’s policy in its war against Iraq was preemptive, the logic being that the perceived risk of Iraqi aggression toward the United States ought to be avoided by attacking first. Perhaps this decision does not define imperialism, but it certainly has raised the specter in the eyes of much of the rest of the world. Of course, the obvious question became what evidence was there of imminent danger that should justify an attack? From the start, the principal challenge never was a matter of whether the U.S. military had the capacity to topple Saddam Hussein’s regime. Rather, the challenge has been all along a matter of how to sell the war and U.S. military occupation to the community of nations, the United Nations Security Council, the American people, and the Iraqi people.
The Evolution of Systems Engineering

The 21st century is an exciting time for the field of systems engineering. Advances in our understanding of the traditional discipline are being made. At the same time new modes of systems engineering are emerging to address the engineering challenges of systems-of-systems (SoS) and enterprise systems. Even at this early point in their evolution, these new modes are evincing their own principles, processes and practices. Some are different in degree than engineering at the system level while others are different in kind. While it is impossible to predict how the traditional and new forms of systems engineering will evolve, it is clear even now that there is a long and robust future for all three. Increases in technology complexity have led to new challenges in architecture, networks, hardware and software engineering, and human systems integration. At the same time, the scale at which systems are engineered is exceeding levels that could have been imagined only a short time ago. As a consequence, all three forms of systems engineering will be needed to solve the engineering problems of the future, sometimes separately but increasingly in combination. This paper defines three modes of systems engineering, discusses the challenge space each addresses, describes how they differ from and complement each other. It asks and starts to answer the question of how to enable the development of enterprise systems engineering in a defense department.
Finding a Lost Treasure in Convex Hull of Points From Known Distances

Given a set of points S = {v1, . . . , vn} ⊂ R, and a set of positive numbers ri, i = 1, . . . , n, we wish to determine if there exists p ∈ Conv(S) such that d(p, vi) = ri for all i = 1, . . . , n, where d(·, ·) denotes the Euclidean distance. We refer to this as the ambiguous convex hull problem. Given ǫ > 0, we describe an algorithm that in O(mnǫ ln ǫ) arithmetic operations computes pǫ ∈ Conv(S) such that one of the three conditions hold; (1): |d(pǫ, vi)− ri| ri, for all i = 1, . . . , n. In case of (2), no point p with prescribed distances belongs to Conv(S). In case of (3), no point p with prescribed distances exists. In case of (1), we give an estimate on d(pǫ, p). The algorithm is a variation of the Triangle Algorithm in [8] for the convex hull decision problem where p is given explicitly.
Replication slippage between distant short repeats in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on the direction of replication and the RAD50 and RAD52 genes

Small direct repeats, which are frequent in all genomes, are a potential source of genome instability. To study the occurrence and genetic control of repeat-associated deletions, we developed a system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that was based on small direct repeats separated by either random sequences or inverted repeats. Deletions were examined in the LYS2 gene, using a set of 31- to 156-bp inserts that included inserts with no apparent potential for secondary structure as well as two quasipalindromes. All inserts were flanked by 6- to 9-bp direct repeats of LYS2 sequence, providing an opportunity for Lys+ reversion via precise excision. Reversions could arise by extended deletions involving either direct repeats or random sequences and by -1-or +2-bp frameshift mutations. The deletion breakpoints were always associated with short (3- to 9-bp) perfect or imperfect direct repeats. Compared with the POL+ strain, deletions between small direct repeats were increased as much as 100-fold, and the spectrum was changed in a temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase delta pol3-t mutant, suggesting a role for replication. The type of deletion depended on orientation relative to the origin of replication. On the basis of these results, we propose (i) that extended deletions between small repeats arise by replication slippage and (ii) that the deletions occur primarily in either the leading or lagging strand. The RAD50 and RAD52 genes, which are required for the recombinational repair of many kinds of DNA double-strand breaks, appeared to be required also for the production of up to 90% of the deletions arising between separated repeats in the pol3-t mutant, suggesting a newly identified role for these genes in genome stability and possibly replication.
Cardiac CT: A system architecture study

Background We are interested in exploring dedicated, high-performance cardiac CT systems optimized to provide the best tradeoff between system cost, image quality, and radiation dose. Objective We sought to identify and evaluate a broad range of CT architectures that could provide an optimal, dedicated cardiac CT solution. Methods We identified and evaluated thirty candidate architectures using consistent design choices. We defined specific evaluation metrics related to cost and performance. We then scored the candidates versus the defined metrics. Lastly, we applied a weighting system to combine scores for all metrics into a single overall score for each architecture. CT experts with backgrounds in cardiovascular radiology, x-ray physics, CT hardware and CT algorithms performed the scoring and weighting. Results We found nearly a twofold difference between the most and the least promising candidate architectures. Architectures employed by contemporary commercial diagnostic CT systems were among the highest-scoring candidates. We identified six architectures that show sufficient promise to merit further in-depth analysis and comparison. Conclusion Our results suggest that contemporary diagnostic CT system architectures outperform most other candidates that we evaluated, but the results for a few alternatives were relatively close. We selected six representative high-scoring candidates for more detailed design and further comparative evaluation.
The Ritual of Rights in Japan: Reconsidering rights in Japanese law and society

This book challenges the belief that the assertion of rights is fundamentally incompatible with Japanese legal, political, and social norms. In doing so, it explores evidence in a variety of sociolegal arenas: in linguistic and conceptual predecessors to the Japanese word for “rights,” kenri ; in Japan's tradition of protest; in the growth during the late nineteenth century of the Movement for Freedom and Popular Rights; in the “new rights” movements of the 1960s and 1970s; and in contemporary policy disputes over AIDS and the definition of death. Analysis of each of these domains points to the same conclusion; rights in Japan have been, and continue to be, asserted and fought over, if not always secured. Many of the most erudite and influential commentators on Japan have reached very different conclusions. They argue that the persistence of premodern legal and political values in Japanese society has inhibited the articulation and emergence of rights. Political analyst Karel van Wolferen writes that “[t]raditional attitudes, reinforced by contemporary practice, obstruct the establishment of an unambiguous concept of ‘rights,’” and he dismisses the seriousness of groups that frame their arguments in the language of rights. Susan Pharr, Harvard's Reischauer Professor of Japanese Studies, claims that “most Japanese continue to view the official ideology [postwar democracy and egalitarianism], with its linkage to a notion of individual rights, as basically ‘Western,’” and goes on to argue that Japanese political culture is antithetical to an idea of rights.
Epidemiological characteristics and etiological surveillance of virus diarrheal among children under 5 years old, Henan Province

Objective To investigate the infection condition and epidemic characteristics of virus diarrheal and genotyping of rotavirus among children under 5 years old in Henan Province.Methods 506 cases of stool specimens were collected from inpatients with acute diarrhea at Children's hospital of Zhengzhou, from December 2011 to 2014. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) and Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were used to detected rotavirus, human caliciruses,astrovirus, enteric adenovirus and genotyping of rotavirus in CCDC. Results RV, HAst V, Hu CV(The main Norovirus II) and EAd V were identified in 44.26%(224), 16.40%(83), 11.46%(58), 6.32%(32) in 506 specimens respectively. 109(21.54%) cases were undefined. HRV was the major pathogen contributing to the acute virus diarrhea in Henan province. The positive rate of virus detection was significantly increased in autumn and winter. Viral diarrhea among groups had no significant difference in the proportion of male and female; the highest infection rates of diarrhea were 51.54%(183/355), in 6-24 months old children. G serum type and the distribution of P genotype were tested in the 224 HRV positive specimens. HRV G3(40.17%) was the most prevailing serotype, G8 was not found. P [8](44.19%) was the most common strain in P genotyping. The most common G-P genotype combinations was G3P[8].Twenty-four(4.74%) of 506 samples were found positive to more than one viral agent, the main was mixed HRV and other virus, accounting for 50%(12/24), in which 7 samples contained both HRV and HAst V, and 5 samples contained both HRV and Hu CV, the mixed infection was 83.33%(20/24) diarrheal under 2 years of age. Conclusion The viral diarrhea pathogen type is complex among children under 5 years old in Henan Province. The major pathogen was HRV in autumn and winter. Children in 6~24 months old are at high level of infection, and G3[P8] is the most prevailing serotype. Mixed infections with obvious seasonal differences and population distributions should be paid special attention to.
Issues of candidate selection for a cochlear implant.

The cochlear implant has been successful in providing sound to deaf patients. A wide spectrum of results, from sound awareness to word understanding without lip-reading, has been achieved. However, because of the unpredictable nature of the results, appropriate candidate selection is imperative. Medical and surgical criteria for treatment of adults and children are presented.
The discipline of Clinical Pharmacology

In it’s Chapter about “Principles of Clinical Pharmacology” Harrsion’s Textbook of Internal Medicine 2008 states that “drugs are the cornerstone of modern therapeutics” and that “drug therapy varies widely among individuals” [1]. These two statements set the stage for the discipline of Clinical Pharmacology (CP) which pursues two main goals: (1) an empirical description of conditions under which drug actions vary in humans and (2) to determine and understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this variability [1]. Both goals can be pursued (a) scientifically, by studying drug action in humans, (b) clinically, by administering appropriate drug therapy to patients and (c) within a regulatory framework, to provide guidance on the risk/benefit ratio of drug candidates in drug development and drug reimbursement.