cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assignment of Etfdh, Etfb, and Etfa to Chromosomes 3, 7, and 13: The Mouse Homologs of Genes Responsible for Glutaric Acidemia Type II in Human

Abstract Electron transfer flavoprotein (composed of α and β subunits) is an obligatory electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases and is located in the mitochondrial matrix. Electrons accepted by electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) are transferred to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain by way of ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH). In humans, deficiency of ETF or ETFDH leads to glutaric acidemia type II, an inherited metabolic disorder that can be fatal in its neonatal form and is characterized by severe hypoketotic hypoglycemia and acidosis. We used cDNA probes for theEtfdh, Etfb,andEtfagenes to determine localization of these mouse genes to chromosomes 3, 7, and 13.
Threat assessment of traffic moving toward a controlled intersection

This paper presents an approach for threat assessment of traffic flows in a controlled intersection, based on empirical traffic data observed in an urban environment. The real-world traffic data collected from an observation study allows a glimpse of representative traffic patterns. The analysis of such data yields insights into the behaviors of traffic streams as a function of traffic signal phases. The determination of these critical parameters provides a practical basis for the developments of safety algorithms for threat assessment, and it serves as a grounded foundation for assessing sensing requirements for an effective intersection decision-support system.
Synthesis of Sex Steroids by Cellular Components of Chicken Follicles

The follicularcomponents responsible for the synthesisof progesterone (P),testosterone(T) and estrogen (E) have been identifiedby studying in vitro the steroidogenicpattern of theca or granulosa cellsincubated alone with or without ovine FSH, ovine LH, P or T or incubated together with or without ovine LH. Granulosa cells,but not theca cells,isolatedfrom 3 largestpreovulatory and postovulatory folliclesproduced more P in response to the addition of exogenous gonadotropins. Among the 4 different types of folliclesstudied,this response of granulosa cellsisolatedfrom the largest follicle(F1), the one destined to ovulate next, was the greatest.Both theca and granulosa cells isolatedfrom preovulatory folliclesproduced 2-3 times more T when incubated in the presence of gonadotropins. Only theca cellsfrom the second (F2) and third(F3) largestfollicles synthesize more E when incubated with gonadotropins. The response of F3 was greater than that of F2. Addition of T to the incubation system elicitedE synthesisby theca cellsof F3 or F3, but not by granulosa cells of any sizefollicles. Again, the response of theca cellsfrom F3 was greaterthan that of F2. Furthermore, the abilityof theca cellsof F3, isolatedat or shortly afterthe preovulatory in vivo LH surge,to aromatize T to E was significantlylower than that isolatedseveralhours before the LH surge. Combination of the 2 follicular cell types from F3 decreased P, but increased T (9- to 17-fold increase) and E synthesis. Theca cells incubated with exogenous P produced large amounts ofT. We concluded that the cellular source for P is the granulosa cell and the source for T and E is the theca cell.Theca cellsalone cannot synthesizeT or E unless the precursor, P or T, respectively, is added. Both theca and granulosa cellsare required for synthesisof T, followed by E. Thus, a 2 celltype model for synthesisof these 2 steroidsisproposed. The present study alsosuggeststhat the steroidogenic potentialof the follicularcellschanges during the process of follicularmaturation.
Constraints and incentives for making long horizon corporate investments

This paper examines the conditions under which firms make long horizon investments (i.e., investments that take a long period of time to pay off). We predict firms are constrained from making long horizon investments when short-term performance is poor—and this effect is especially pronounced for young firms. Moreover, we argue that when managers hold high levels of exercisable stock options, their firms are less likely to make long-term investments. However, firms are more likely to pursue long horizon investments when managerial stock options are not yet exercisable. Based on analysis of investments made by cable television operators from 1972–1996, we find support for these predictions. In addition to enhancing our understanding of investment choices, these results—derived from the temporally focused analysis of an investment's payoff horizon—suggest that payoff horizon is an important investment attribute in its own right and should be analyzed distinctly from and in addition to other aspects of investments, such as expected return and risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating Journal Publications of Marketing Professors: A Second Look

Marketing chairs at AACSB-accredited schools state that publication achievements are crucial in faculty rank decisions. Substantial chair subjectivity appears in the process of evaluating journal articles and in perceptions of journals' manuscripts acceptance rates. Subjective ratings of marketing journals heavily influence evaluations of authors' achievements.
Management of patients with unstable angina / non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a critical review of the 2007 ACC /AHA guidelines.

Summary Background: In 2007, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) published new guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI). These guidelines include some important updates on the use of clopidogrel, fondaparinux, bivalirudin and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) all of which have published landmark clinical trials in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) since the publication of the 2002 guidelines. While these 2007 guidelines are more comprehensive and up-to-date compared with the recommendations published in 2002, they also raise many questions for practising emergency physicians and cardiologists. Methods: This article presents a critical review of the 2007 ACC/AHA UA/NSTEMI guidelines, highlighting some of the areas of controversy, with the aim of providing some further guidance to practising physicians. Conclusions: Despite recent updates to the ACC/AHA UA/NSTEMI guidelines, additional factors need to be taken into consideration in the management of UA/NSTEMI patients. Integrating initial responses with early or selectively invasive strategies and the risks of complications in subsequent procedures require careful consideration. Protocol development within an institution is required to risk-stratify patients rapidly, provide optimum precatheterisation medical management and allow seamless and rapid transitions to the catheterisation laboratory in patients at risk for adverse events.
Solvent‐induced crack growth in rubbery block polymers

The rapid cracking of lightly stressed rubbery block polymers of styrene and isoprene in certain liquids and vapors has been examined experimentally, by using model test pieces containing a single crack. Solvents which preferentially dissolve the rigid molecular end blocks rather than the rubbery center blocks are efficient cracking agents. The stress required for crack growth to occur is shown to be in accord with a simple energy criterion: the stored elastic energy must be sufficient to provide a characteristic energy for the newly formed surface. This characteristic energy ranges from values close to the surface energy of simple liquids up to about 100 times this value for thicker test pieces or slowly diffusing vapors, when some tearing of an incompletely swollen core is inferred. “Induction times,” before the initial crack starts to grow, are shown to be due to a progressive increase in stored energy under a constant stress as the material absorbs solvent and softens until the critical energy criterion is met. Thus, a timedependent fracture process is shown to be in accord with a constant energy criterion. Above the critical condition the rate of crack growth depends strongly upon stress, like tearing of amorphous elastomers, and the crack then accelerates rapidly.
Multiple Mentor Model: A Conceptual Framework.

This article focused on developing a conceptual framework for the mentoring process. The model is based on the premise that mentoring is not a single event in the life of a worker but rather several events with different levels of mentoring. Each level of mentoring requires a different type of mentor with different types of skills and knowledge, similar to Len Nadler's HRD training model. Therefore, people may need special training to assume the different mentor levels (i.e., Training, Education, and Development Mentors), and workers may need to be trained to recognize that such experiences and people exist to help in their career progression. Counselors can be in the forefront as far as accepting and advocating the use of the Multiple Mentor Model for this training
Parents and Educators Affecting the Legislative Process.

The following article illustrates how social change for individuals with disabilities can be made through the legislative process. It first identifies a critical social and educational need for children with disabilities, specifically preschool programming for three- and four-year-olds, and then details how the author, special education professionals, and parents addressed this need. The author recounts a four-year process that concluded with the passage of legislation for a preschool program supported by an appropriation of one million dollars.
Temperature adaptation of active sodium-potassium transport and of passive permeability in erythrocytes of ground squirrels.

Unidirectional active and passive fluxes of 42K and 24Na were measured in red blood cells of ground squirrels (hibernators) and guinea pigs (nonhibernators). As temperature is lowered, "active" (ouabain-sensitive) K influx and Na efflux were more greatly diminished in guinea pig cells than in those of ground squirrels. The fraction of total K influx which is ouabain sensitive in red blood cells of ground squirrels was virtually constant at all temperatures, whereas it decreased abruptly in guinea pig cells as temperature was lowered. All the passive fluxes (i.e., Na influx, K efflux, and ouabain-insensitive K influx and Na efflux) decreased logarithmically with decrease in temperature in both species, but in ground squirrels the temperature dependence (Q10 2.5–3.0) was greater than in guinea pig (Q10 1.6–1.9). Thus, red blood cells of ground squirrel are able to resist loss of K and gain of Na at low temperature both because of relatively greater Na-K transport (than in cells of nonhibernators) and because of reduced passive leakage of ions.
High-performance fiber lasers based on self-similar pulse propagation

Pulse shaping in ultra-fast passively mode-locked fiber lasers is primarily based on soliton solutions to the equations that underlie pulse formation in the optical cavity. However, recently another type of pulse, a self-similarly propagating parabolic solution found in fiber amplifiers, has been found suitable for mode-locking high performance fiber lasers. These so-called amplifier similariton pulses exist in dispersion-managed cavities with soliton propagation, in kilometer-long Raman oscillators, and in all-normal dispersion systems. Characterized by a strong local nonlinear attraction in the amplifier, these pulses exhibit parabolic pulse profiles (Fig. 1(a)) with large (20 times) spectral breathing, and ultra-short pulse durations (Fig. 1(c)).
Metropole-3D: a rigorous 3D topography simulator

We have extended the capability of a vector 3D lithography simulator METROPOLE-3D from a photomask simulator to become a full 3D photolithography simulator. It is designed to run moderately fast on conventional engineering workstations. METROPOLE-3D solves Maxwell's equations rigorously in three dimensions to model how non-vertically incident light is scattered and transmitted in non-planar structures. METROPOLE- 3D consists of several simulation modules: photomask simulator which models the aerial image of any mask pattern (including phase-shifting masks); exposure simulator which models light intensity distribution within the photoresist and arbitrary underlying non-planar substrate structures; post-exposure baking module which models the photo-active compound diffusion, chemically amplified (CA) photoresist cross-linking and de-protection processes; and finally, 3D development module which models the photoresist development process using the level-set algorithm. This simulator has a wide range of applications in studying the pressing engineering problems encountered in state-of-the-art VLSI fabrication processes. The simulator has been applied to the layout printability/manufacturability analysis to study the dominant physical phenomena in lithography, deposition, CMP and etching processes that affect the transfer of mask patterns to the final etched structures on the wafers. Using this new 3D rigorous photolithography simulator, optical proximity effects have been studied. A reflective notching problem caused by the reflective substrate structure has been thoroughly studied, and an anti-reflective coating (ARC) solution to this notching problem has been optimized by the simulations. Finally, a 3D contamination to defect transformation study was successfully performed using our rigorous simulator.
Glutamatergic Neurometabolites during Early Abstinence from Chronic Methamphetamine Abuse

Background: The acute phase of abstinence from methamphetamine abuse is critical for rehabilitation success. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has detected below-normal levels of glutamate+glutamine in anterior middle cingulate of chronic methamphetamine abusers during early abstinence, attributed to abstinence-induced downregulation of the glutamatergic systems in the brain. This study further explored this phenomenon. Methods: We measured glutamate+glutamine in additional cortical regions (midline posterior cingulate, midline precuneus, and bilateral inferior frontal cortex) putatively affected by methamphetamine. We examined the relationship between glutamate+glutamine in each region with duration of methamphetamine abuse as well as the depressive symptoms of early abstinence. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was acquired at 1.5 T from a methamphetamine group of 44 adults who had chronically abused methamphetamine and a control group of 23 age-, sex-, and tobacco smoking-matched healthy volunteers. Participants in the methamphetamine group were studied as inpatients during the first week of abstinence from the drug and were not receiving treatment. Results: In the methamphetamine group, small but significant (5–15%, P <.05) decrements (vs control) in glutamate+glutamine were observed in posterior cingulate, precuneus, and right inferior frontal cortex; glutamate+glutamine in posterior cingulate was negatively correlated ( P <.05) with years of methamphetamine abuse. The Beck Depression Inventory score was negatively correlated ( P <.005) with glutamate+glutamine in right inferior frontal cortex. Conclusions: Our findings support the idea that glutamatergic metabolism is downregulated in early abstinence in multiple cortical regions. The extent of downregulation may vary with length of abuse and may be associated with severity of depressive symptoms emergent in early recovery.
Clinical presentation of velo-cardio-facial syndrome

Abstract The variable characteristics of velo-cardio-facial syndrome result in presentations at different ages and in a variety of different clinical settings. Those patients who have a conotruncal cardiac defect are usually identified as infants, while those with a minor cardiac defect may come to attention as preschoolers with hypernasal delayed speech or as young adults with a psychiatric disorder. Other individuals are diagnosed only after having a child diagnosed with velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Since 80% of those who have velo-cardio-facial syndrome have a congenital cardiac malformation, the pediatric cardiologist is in a position to help diagnose the majority of patients with this disorder.
Representative traces for processor models with infinite cache

Performance evaluation of processor designs using dynamic instruction traces is a critical part of the iterative design process. The widening gap between the billions of instructions in such traces for benchmark programs and the throughput of timers performing the analysis in the tens of thousands of instructions per second has led to the use of reduced traces during design. This opens up the issue of whether these traces are truly representative of the actual workload in these benchmark programs. The first key result in this paper is the introduction of a new metric, called the R-metric, to evaluate the representativeness of these reduced traces when applied to a wide class of processor designs. The second key result, is the development of a novel graph-based heuristic to generate reduced traces based on the notions incorporated in the metric. These ideas have been implemented in a prototype system (SMART) for generating representative and reduced traces. Extensive experimental results are presented on various benchmarks to demonstrate the quality of the synthetic traces and the uses of the R-metric.
A Short Chapter on Short Putts

A golfer who is doing well in a national championship tournament standing over a crucial two-foot putt must experience very intense stress. In this circumstance a single putt may be worth $50,000 or more. If a person watch tournaments on television before long he will see a tournament lost or won depending on what a golfer does with a short putt. Failure to sink such a putt is reported as caused by nervous strain of the moment. This may be true, but the cause may also be the lack of the fundamental understanding and application of Newtonian dynamics. When you see a two-foot putt just barely roll past the hole, you should recognize that the golfer was trying to “baby” the ball into the cup.
Elevated IL-8, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in men with metastatic prostate cancer starting androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) are associated with shorter time to castration-resistance and overall survival.

BACKGROUND Chemokines and cytokines have been implicated in progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS Retrospective data were accessed from 122 men with serum samples drawn at a median of 0.5 months after starting ADT for metastatic prostate cancer. MCP-1, IL-1-β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were measured by multiplex electrochemiluminescence assays. A multivariable Cox model assessed the association of time to CRPC and overall survival by the protein levels and adjusted for clinical variables (age and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels at start of ADT, race, ECOG status, and extent of metastases). Associations were reported as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Median follow-up and overall survival were 44 and 42.2 months, respectively. ECOG performance status (≥1 vs. 0) was negatively associated with overall survival [HR = 2.8 (1.1–7.0), P = 0.03], and PSA nadir < 0.2 was predictive of longer time to development of CRPC [HR = 0.3 (0.2–0.5), P < 0.0001]. The HR for time to CRPC by protein above the median was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.9, 2.2, P = 0.13) for IL-8; 1.3 (95% CI: 0.8, 2, P = 0.18) for TNF-α; 1.0 (95% CI: 0.7, 1.6, P = 0.95) for MCP-1. The HR for median overall survival for protein levels above the median was: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.5, P = 0.04) for IL-8; 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1, 3.5, P = 0.02) for TNF-α; 1.7 (95% CI: 1.7, 3.0, P = 0.08) for MCP-1. There was no association with IL-1-β, IL-2, or IL-6. CONCLUSION Higher levels of inflammation-associated cytokines correlate with poorer prostate cancer outcomes and may guide strategies to improve prostate cancer therapy. Prostate 74:820–828, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient preferences for chemoradiation-related side effects

e20604 Background: Patients (pts) undergoing chemoradiation (CRT) face intense treatment (tx) schedules and adverse tx- related side-effects (SEs). We conducted this study to determine whether pts’...
Vinculin Remodeling of the Sarcomere Lattice Regulates Contractile Function

The human heart is capable of functioning for decades despite minimal cell turnover or regeneration, suggesting that molecular alterations help sustain heart function with age. However, identification of compensatory remodeling events in the aging heart remains elusive. We present the cardiac proteomes of young and old rhesus monkeys and rats, from which we show that certain age-associated remodeling events within the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton are highly conserved and beneficial rather than deleterious. Targeted transcriptomic analysis in Drosophila confirmed conservation and implicated vinculin as a unique molecular regulator of cardiac function during aging. Cardiac-restricted vinculin overexpression reinforced the cortical cytoskeleton and enhanced myofilament organization, leading to improved contractility and hemodynamic stress tolerance in healthy and myosin deficient fly hearts. Moreover, cardiac-specific vinculin overexpression increased median life span by more than 150% in flies. A broad array of potential therapeutic targets and regulators of age-associated modifications, specifically for vinculin, are presented. These findings suggest that the heart has molecular mechanisms to sustain performance and promote longevity, which may be assisted by therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the decline of function in aging patient hearts.
Chemical control of nuisance midges in the Santa Ana River basin, southern California.

Granular formulations of temephos and Dimilin® [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3 (2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-urea] were applied to flowing water by using a simple method of containment in burlap sacs for control of chironomid midges in water spreading basins and flood control channel in the Santa Ana River Basin, southern California. Larvae of the genera Chironomus, Tanytarsus , and Procladius were predominant in the various water spreading structures studied. Temephos, at the rate of 0.28-kg AI/surface ha in the spreading basins, produced excellent control (4–5 weeks) of larvae of Chironomus spp. and Tanytarsus spp. but did not affect Procladius spp. Dimilin evaluated at the rate of 0.11-kg AI/surface ha in the spreading basins and in the flood control channel was highly effective on all 3 genera. This IGR in the shallow (water depth <1-m) flood control channel yielded excellent control of midges for 4–5 weeks but produced mediocre control (3–4 weeks) in the deeper (water depth 1–2 m) basins. Dimilin treatments caused significant larval mortality in the basins and in the channel.
Linking Insecticide Bioassays with Residue Analyses To Evaluate Control of Platynota idaeusalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Neonates on Apple: Single Spray.

Evaluation of the insecticides azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, and methomyl for control of Platynota idaeusalis (Walker) neonates on apple foliage was conducted during August and September 1987 under a series of alternate-row middle and complete (chlorpyrifos only) sprays. Insecticide residues on the unsprayed side of the tree ranged from 9 to 22% on 4 August (immediately following first spray) and 21 to 58% on 1 September (immediately following fifth spray) compared with the sprayed side, respectively. Levels of residue on the sprayed side of the tree 6 d after spraying increased following each of the first three alternate-row middle sprays. Residue levels of azinphosmethyl and methomyl declined following the fourth spray after > 20 mm of precipitation, but increased again following the fifth spray. Half-lives of insecticide residues following the fifth spray were ≈ 7 d for azinphos-methyl, 3-4 d for methomyl, and < 1 d for chlorpyrifos. Field-collected larvae were more tolerant to azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos than a laboratory colony (LR50s were 8 and 17 times greater, respectively). No difference in response between strains was found with methomyl. Levels of fruit injury by P. idaeusalis at harvest on trees treated with seasonlong programs of azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, or microencapsulated methyl parathion alone were not significantly different from trees left untreated. Seasonlong use of methomyl either alone or in combination with an organophosphate significantly reduced fruit injury.
EVIDENCE FOR PENTAKETIDE MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN DEMATIACEOUS HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGI

(1987). Evidence for Pentaketide Melanin Biosynthesis in Dematiaceous Human Pathogenic Fungi. Mycologia: Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 320-322.
Efficient use of retention time for the analysis of 302 drugs in equine plasma by liquid chromatography-MS/MS with scheduled multiple reaction monitoring and instant library searching for doping control.

Multiple drug target analysis (MDTA) used in doping control is more efficient than single drug target analysis (SDTA). The number of drugs with the potential for abuse is so extensive that full coverage is not possible with SDTA. To address this problem, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for simultaneous analysis of 302 drugs using a scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (s-MRM) algorithm. With a known retention time of an analyte, the s-MRM algorithm monitors each MRM transition only around its expected retention time. Analytes were recovered from plasma by liquid–liquid extraction. Information-dependent acquisition (IDA) functionality was used to combine s-MRM with enhanced product ion (EPI) scans within the same chromatographic analysis. An EPI spectrum library was also generated for rapid identification of analytes. Analysis time for the 302 drugs was 7 min. Scheduled MRM improved the quality of the chromatograms, signal response, reproducibility, and enhanced sig...
Flexoelectric effect, materials, and structures

Abstract Flexoelectricity defines the linear coupling between the mechanical strain gradient with the electric polarization or the mechanical response under the electric field gradient. This unique electromechanical coupling mechanism allows the measurement of strain gradient information in mechanical structures electrically, which is regarded as a sensitive indicator of the structural health status. Application of such an effect is based on the understanding of the related principle, materials, and structures. In this chapter, the constitutive equation of the flexoelectric structure is provided by including coupling with piezoelectricity. The nontrivial flexoelectric coefficients of materials in various symmetry groups are presented. The measurement methods of main flexoelectric coefficients and flexoelectric structures corresponding to each mode are introduced. Finally, flexoelectricity in liquid crystals, polymers, and biomembranes are compared with that of solid materials.
Extraction process of polysaccharide from Pila gigas Spix

Aim To choose the optimum extraction process of polysaccharide from Pila gigas Spix.Methods The content of polysaccharide was used to evaluate the factor levels.Four technological factors of alkali extraction process,including alcohol concentration,extraction temperature,pH value of solution and extraction times were optimized by orthogonal test.Results The ideal extraction process were as follows:dehydrated alcohol was added to the fluid until the alcohol content up to 75%,with a solution pH value of 9.0,extraction temperature at 50 ℃,and an extraction time of 8 h.Conclusion The optimum extracting procedure was economical,effective,and feasible.
Numerical simulation for influence of pore characteristics on gas diffusion in porous media

Micro-structure of porous medium that approximates natural porous medium is generated stochastically by numerical method.Numerical simulation of gas diffusion in porous media is implemented with LTRT lattice Boltzmann method to investigate the effects of pore characteristics on diffusion process.It is demonstrated that diffusion processes are quite different in different porous micro-structures with the same porosity.The results also show that the dimension of the width of channels influences the diffusion.The diffusion rates increase as the channel width increases.The effect resulted from the variation of channel width and porosity in the diffusion process is far less than that for different pore structures.The influence caused by the variation of radii of filleted corners is little.These explorations provide theoretical basis and statistical support for the generation of porous media and the design and optimization of the pore characteristics of micro-reactor.
The Theory of the Sublime from Longinus to Kant

In this book, Robert Doran offers the first in-depth treatment of the major theories of the sublime, from the ancient Greek treatise On the Sublime (attributed to 'Longinus') and its reception in early modern literary theory to the philosophical accounts of Burke and Kant. Doran explains how and why the sublime became a key concept of modern thought and shows how the various theories of sublimity are united by a common structure - the paradoxical experience of being at once overwhelmed and exalted - and a common concern: the preservation of a notion of transcendence in the face of the secularization of modern culture. Combining intellectual history with literary theory and philosophical analysis, his book provides a new, searching and multilayered account of a concept that continues to stimulate thought about our responses to art, nature and human events.
Herbage allowance x yearling heifer phenotype interactions for the growth of Brahman-Hereford F1 first-calf females grazing humid pasture and semiarid rangeland.

Growth data were collected over 4 yr from 349 Brahman-Hereford F1, first-calf, lactating females that had been allotted as weanlings to either semiarid extensive rangeland (Uvalde) or humid improved Bermudagrass pasture (Overton) and to one of four herbage allowance levels at each location as yearlings. Heifers were wintered according to systems in local practice and maintained on allotted forage levels both as yearlings and during their first lactation. Heifers were bred to Braford bulls to calve as 2-yr-olds in January to March. Herbage allowance (400 to 2,800 kg of DM/100 kg BW at Uvalde and 80 to 460 kg of DM/100 kg BW at Overton) was maintained by adjusting stocking density monthly from April to weaning (October). Herbage allowance and yearling heifer hook height, condition score, or weight (taken on April 15) were continuous independent variables in regression analyses. Final heifer weight, height, and condition responses to increased herbage allowances were related to yearling phenotypes differently (P 5 for 1 to 10 with 10 = fattest) as yearlings retained more (P < .05) weight and condition and grew more (P < .05) in height than did those of lower yearling condition. These females also responded to increased herbage allowance by gaining advantage (P < .05) in these variables, whereas those of lower yearling condition made smaller advances. At Overton, yearling condition played little role in subsequent growth. The yearling variable that had the greatest interactive effect was height. Shorter yearling heifers (< 123 cm) responded (P < .07) to increased herbage allowance so that they had greater final condition and grew more rapidly in height than those taller as yearlings.
Isobaric heat capacity (Cp) measurements of supercritical fluids using flow calorimetry: equipment design and experimental validation with carbon dioxide, methanol, and carbon dioxide-methanol mixtures

Abstract Accurate thermodynamic property data of dense fluids and supercritical fluids are important in many scientific investigations and engineering applications. A flow calorimeter has been constructed to measure the isobaric heat capacity of pure fluids and fluid mixtures over a range of temperatures, 25–150 °C, and pressures, 1–300 bar. Base measurement accuracy approaches ±1% and is limited by precise equipment calibration and refinement of the measurement technique. Validation of the calorimeter’s operation was achieved with supercritical carbon dioxide, methanol, and carbon dioxide-methanol mixtures, over a range of conditions from sub-critical to supercritical temperatures and densities, demonstrating the calorimeter’s robustness.
Experiments on nestling recognition by brown noddies (Anous stolidus)

Les A.s. sont capables de reconnaitre leurs petits de petits de conspecifiques mais il est tres difficile de preciser quand intervient cette reconnaissance
Migration Strategies within an Electronic Archive: Practical Experience and Future Research

Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, England has developed an Electronic Archive to support the maintenance and preservation of electronic records used in the discovery and development of new medicines. The Archive has been developed to meet regulatory, scientific and business requirements. The long-term preservation of electronic records requires that migration strategies be developed both for the Archive and the records held within the Archive. The modular design of the Archive will facilitate the migration of hardware components. Selecting an appropriate migration strategy for electronic records requires careful project management skills allied to appraisal and retention management. Having identified when the migration of records is necessary, it is crucial that alternative technical solutions remain open.
Responsibilist Virtues and the ‘Charmed Inner Circle’ of Traditional Epistemology

In Judgment and Agency, Ernest Sosa takes “reliabilist” virtue epistemology deep into “responsibilist” territory, arguing that “a true epistemology” will assign “responsibilist-cum-reliabilist intellectual virtue the main role in addressing concerns at the center of the tradition.” However, Sosa stops short of granting this status to familiar responsibilist virtues like open-mindedness, intellectual courage, and intellectual humility. He cites three reasons for doing so: responsibilist virtues involve excessive motivational demands; they are quasi-ethical; and they are best understood, not as constituting knowledge, but rather as putting one “in a position” to know. I elaborate on and respond to each of these concerns. I argue that none of them provides Sosa with a good reason for excluding responsibilist virtues from occupying a central role in his reliabilist virtue epistemology. I conclude that Sosa owes virtue responsibilism an even wider embrace.
Dysfunctional Rearing and the Likelihood of Subsequent Substance Abuse

This paper examines how dysfunctional rearing throughout childhood negatively impacts a child particularly focusing on the strong likelihood of subsequent substance abuse as a way to escape the violence and painful emotions from the adverse experiences from which they have been exposed to at an early age This review also examines the genetic vulnerability and impulsivity of drug seeking behavior and the social epidemiology of substance use Do all children raised in a dysfunctional home end up using drugs to the point of addiction What other factors are related to the epidemiology of substance abuse The following information explains the findings of ten peer reviewed articles in an effort to support the hypothesis and answer the noted questions in the clearest manner as can be determined by the referenced published material
850 Longitudinal study of motor vehicle crash rates among licensed teen drivers with adhd

Background Several small studies suggesting teens with ADHD are at heightened crash risk were conducted among more severely affected teens in highly specialised samples but had substantial methodological limitations. Thus, we conducted the first truly longitudinal study focused on comparing crash risk between teen drivers with and without ADHD. We also aimed to determine if the association between ADHD and risk varies by sex, licensing age, or over the course of licensure. Methods We utilised electronic health records (EHR) to identify residents of New Jersey (NJ) born 1987–1995 who were patients of The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia’s six NJ primary care practices within 4 years of driving-eligible age. EHR records were linked to NJ’s state-wide driver licensing and crash databases through June 2012. Subjects were classified as having ADHD using ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes and known chronic conditions from their EHR. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) to compare crash rates for 1,307 licensed teens with and 10,415 licensed teens without ADHD. Results Subjects had a median [interquartile range] of 17 [9, 28] CHOP primary care visits, were 18 [16, 19] years old at their last visit, and were 21 [19, 23] years old at study end. Overall, the crash rate for teens with ADHD was 35% higher (95% CI: 1.22, 1.49) than for teens without ADHD. Modelling revealed heightened risk for male teens (HR [95% CI]: 1.43 [1.27, 1.61]) with less evidence of an increase among females (1.17 [0.97, 1.42]). Conversely, the association between ADHD and crash involvement did not vary by licensing age or over time. Conclusions Young novice drivers with ADHD–and in particular males–appear to be at increased crash risk, although the estimated increase is notably lower than frequently cited figures from previous small studies of self-reported crashes. Additional research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms by which ADHD influences per-driver crash risk.
The excretion of ingested ethyl alcohol in saliva

Abstract A procedure is described for the collection of human mixed saliva. The excretion of ingested alcohol has been determined in urine, saliva, and venous and arterial blood of man and dog. In human subjects the alcohol concentration of mixed saliva more closely approaches that of venous blood than does urine. For this and for technical reasons the use of saliva is proposed for medicolegal purposes.
WählerInnendaten und das Ground Game in der Obama Kampagne 2012

Abstract: In this paper, I examine how President Obama won the 2012 campaign utilizing a variety of online tools – Email, Microsites, interactive Infographics, supporter journey – to collect and analzye voter and supporter data. Retelling the history of the campaign from early 2012 with discussions about Women’s Health and Tax Fairnes to the final days of the Get Out The Vote campaign, I discuss how and why the Obama Campaign had an advantage with those tools and how they informed the „ground game“ that put him over the top. Abstract: Im folgenden Beitrag untersuche ich, wie Prasident Obama die Prasidentschaftswahl 2012 gewonnen hat, indem er mit Hilfe von unterschiedlichen Online Werkzeugen – von Email, Microsites, interaktiven Infografiken und der sogenannten „supporter journey“ – WahlerInnen- und UnterstutzerInnendaten sammelte und analysierte. Den Ablauf der Kampagne nacherzahlend – vom Fruhjahr 2012 mit Diskussionen rund um Frauengesundheit und Steuergerechtigkeit bis zu den letzten Tagen der Get Out The Vote Kampagne – diskutiere ich warum die Obama Kampagne einen Vorteil mit diesen Werkzeugen hatte und wie sie die Schlussmobilisierung informierten, die Obama zum Sieg verhalf.
Banking Employees’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility, Value-Fit Commitment, and Turnover Intentions: Ethics as Social Glue and Attachment

Evidence suggests that efforts to improve corporate ethics and social responsibility are associated with enhanced work attitudes, but the nature of these relationships is still subject to investigation. Consequently, this study determines the degree to which perceptions of corporate social responsibility are related to individuals’ value-fit commitment and turnover intentions (both employee-reported and manager-reported). Information was obtained from subjects employed in a southern regional branch of a national banking and financial services institution. Two unique self-report questionnaires were developed to collect information from managers and employees, resulting in ninety-two matched pairs of forms. Mediation analysis indicated that perceived corporate social responsibility was associated with increased value-fit commitment, and that value-fit commitment was negatively related to employee-reported and manager-reported turnover intentions. The presence of full mediation was identified in both frameworks. These findings present a number of important managerial and research implications, which are discussed in this study.
Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications.

Intermediate filaments (IFs), together with actin filaments and microtubules, form the cytoskeleton – a critical structural element of every cell. Normal functioning IFs provide cells with mechanical and stress resilience, while a dysfunctional IF cytoskeleton compromises cellular health and has been associated with many human diseases. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) critically regulate IF dynamics in response to physiological changes and under stress conditions. Therefore, the ability to monitor changes in the PTM signature of IFs can contribute to a better functional understanding, and ultimately conditioning, of the IF system as a stress responder during cellular injury. However, the large number of IF proteins, which are encoded by over 70 individual genes and expressed in a tissue-dependent manner, is a major challenge in sorting out the relative importance of different PTMs. To that end, methods that enable monitoring of PTMs on IF proteins on an organism-wide level, rather than for isolated members of the family, can accelerate research progress in this area. Here, we present biochemical methods for the isolation of the total, detergent-soluble, and detergent-resistant fraction of IF proteins from 9 different mouse tissues (brain, heart, lung, liver, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, kidney, and spleen). We further demonstrate an optimized protocol for rapid isolation of IF proteins by using lysing matrix and automated homogenization of different mouse tissues. The automated protocol is useful for profiling IFs in experiments with high sample volume (such as in disease models involving multiple animals and experimental groups). The resulting samples can be utilized for various downstream analyses, including mass spectrometry-based PTM profiling. Utilizing these methods, we provide new data to show that IF proteins in different mouse tissues (brain and liver) undergo parallel changes with respect to their expression levels and PTMs during aging.
Damage to the microbial cell membrane during pyrolytic sugar utilization and strategies for increasing resistance

Lignocellulosic biomass is an appealing feedstock for the production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals, and thermochemical processing is a promising method for depolymerizing it into sugars. However, trace compounds in this pyrolytic sugar syrup are inhibitory to microbial biocatalysts. This study demonstrates that hydrophobic inhibitors damage the cell membrane of ethanologenic Escherichia coli KO11+lgk. Adaptive evolution was employed to identify design strategies for improving pyrolytic sugar tolerance and utilization. Characterization of the resulting evolved strain indicates that increased resistance to the membrane-damaging effects of the pyrolytic sugars can be attributed to a glutamine to leucine mutation at position 29 of carbon storage regulator CsrA. This single amino acid change is sufficient for decreasing EPS protein production and increasing membrane integrity when exposed to pyrolytic sugars.
Pricing spread options by generalized bivariate edgeworth expansion

A spread option is a contingent claim whose underlying is the price difference between two assets. For a call, the holder of the option receives the difference, if positive, between the price difference and the strike price. Otherwise, the holder receives nothing. Spread options trade in large volume in financial, fixed-income, commodity, and energy industries. It is well known that pricing of spread options does not admit closed-form solutions even under a geometric Brownian motion paradigm. When price dynamics experience stochastic volatilities and/or jumps, the valuation process becomes more challenging. Following the seminal work of Jarrow and Judd, we propose the use of Edgeworth expansion to approximate the call price. In the spirit of Pearson, we reduce the cumbersome computation inherent in Edgeworth expansion to single numerical integrations. For an arbitrary bivariate price process, we show that once its product cumulants are available, either by virtue of the structural properties of the underlying processes or by empirical estimation using market data, the approach enables analysts to approximate the call price easily. Specifically, the call prices so estimated capture the correlation, skewness, and kurtosis of the two underlying price processes. As such, the approach is useful for approximate valuations based on Levy-based models.
Analysis of diurnal changes in pupil dilation and eyelid aperture

This work is inspired by the observation of surprising daily fluctuations in the number of valid iris code bits used to match irises in the NEXUS program operated by the Canadian Border Security Agency. These fluctuations have an impact on iris comparison scores but cannot be simply explained by pupil dilation, which does not have a clear pattern that would generalise to a population. To check if fluctuations in the number of valid iris code bits may be explained by eyelid aperture observed in a controlled, laboratory environment, the eyelid aperture was measured for 18 subjects participating in an acquisition every 2 h during the day. Simultaneously, the pupil dilation was measured to check the existence of a daily pattern for a population and for single subjects. There are two interesting outcomes of this work. First, there are statistically significant changes during the day in both pupil dilation and eyelid opening observed for individual subjects. Second, these changes do not generalise well into a common pattern for the group. Consequently, the diurnal fluctuations in the number of bits compared and the comparison score observed in the NEXUS program cannot be explained by changes in pupil dilation nor by eyelid aperture.
Enterococcus raffinosus infection with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in a multiple myeloma patient after autologous stem cell transplant.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) is the standard of care in the treatment of multiple myeloma worldwide. Infections are one of the most common complications of the chemotherapy regimen and AHSCT. Thrombotic microangiopathies are one of the rare but potentially life-threatening complications of infections associated with AHSCT. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are two most common type of thrombotic microangiopathies. The HUS is classically related to diarrheal illness such as with E.coli strain O157: H7 that produce Shiga-like toxins. But it has never been described with Enterococcus raffinosus urinary tract infections (UTI). Here we are describing a case of atypical HUS associated with Enterococcus raffinosus UTI in a patient with multiple myeloma after AHSCT. The management of atypical HUS especially after AHSCT is challenging. Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against complement protein C5, and thrombomodulin have emerging role in the management of some cases, but more studies are needed to define evidence-based management of this condition.