cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cribriform and fused glands are patterns of high-grade pulmonary adenocarcinoma

The 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society classification of pulmonary adenocarcinoma recognizes the prognostic significance of different histologic patterns but does not address the issue of tumor grade. We previously developed an objective and prognostic grading system for pulmonary adenocarcinomas that is based on associating patterns with their metastatic potential. The best prognostic stratification was achieved by summing the grades of the 2 most predominant patterns (histologic score). Here, we extend this work by evaluating the prognostic importance of variant patterns of adenocarcinoma, which are not recognized by the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. Pathologic specimens from 249 resected stage I adenocarcinomas were reviewed. The proportions of standard and nonstandard patterns (cribriform and fused glands) were recorded for each case. The associations between the presence of standard and nonstandard patterns, tumor histologic score, and disease-free survival were evaluated. Cribriform and fused gland patterns were observed in 15% and 29% of tumors, respectively. These nonstandard patterns each composed 10% to 100% of the entire tumors but were the predominant pattern in only 5% and 7% of tumors, respectively. The presence of complex glandular patterns was associated with solid pattern (P < .001) and high histologic score (P < .0001). Disease-free survival for tumors with predominant complex glandular patterns was similar to that for high-grade tumors (P = .932) and was significantly worse than that for low- and intermediate-grade tumors (P = .0025). Complex glandular patterns have a significant prognostic value and should be considered patterns of high-grade adenocarcinoma.
Light Output and Radiation Damage in A YAIO3:Ce Crystal

The optical absorption, light output and effects of radiation damage have been studied in a 2.1 {times} 2.1 {times} 2.1 cm{sup 3} crystal of YAlO{sub 3}:Ce. The light yield produces approximately 2867 photoelectrons per MeV on a photomultiplier tube with a bialkali photocathode. The scintillation and light transmission properties of the crystal were characterized before and after exposure to 1 Mrad of {sup 60}Co gamma rays. Significant radiation induced optical absorption was observed near the optical band edge of the crystal, along with an extremely intense phosphorescence after irradiation. Partial spontaneous recovery from the damage occurred at room temperature, and it was possible to induce additional recovery by optical bleaching.
Use of Rectus Abdominis Muscle Flap as Adjunct to Bladder Neck Closure in Patients With Neurogenic Incontinence: Preliminary Experience

Purpose: Vesicoureteral fistula is a well-known potential complication following bladder neck closure for neurogenic incontinence. Various maneuvers, including omental interposition, have been described to prevent this problem. Unfortunately omentum is not always available or feasible for use. We describe the surgical anatomy and use of a rectus abdominis muscle flap as an adjunctive maneuver during bladder neck closure to correct or prevent development of bladder neck fistula.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients at our institution undergoing rectus abdominis muscle flap by a single surgeon (EAS). Patient demographics, indications for surgery, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and long-term efficacy were assessed. Cadaveric dissection was also performed to gain a greater understanding of the surgical anatomy relevant to this procedure.Results: In 6 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction a rectus abdominis muscle flap was interposed between th...
Astrocyte-Secreted Factors Modulate a Gradient of Primary Dendritic Arbors in Nucleus Laminaris of the Avian Auditory Brainstem

Neurons in nucleus laminaris (NL) receive binaural, tonotopically matched input from nucleus magnocelluaris (NM) onto bitufted dendrites that display a gradient of dendritic arbor size. These features improve computation of interaural time differences, which are used to determine the locations of sound sources. The dendritic gradient emerges following a period of significant reorganization at embryonic day 15 (E15), which coincides with the emergence of astrocytes that express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the auditory brainstem. The major changes include a loss of total dendritic length, a systematic loss of primary dendrites along the tonotopic axis, and lengthening of primary dendrites on caudolateral NL neurons. Here we have tested whether astrocyte-derived molecules contribute to these changes in dendritic morphology. We used an organotypic brainstem slice preparation to perform repeated imaging of individual dye-filled NL neurons to determine the effects of astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) on dendritic morphology. We found that treatment with ACM induced a decrease in the number of primary dendrites in a tonotopically graded manner similar to that observed during normal development. Our data introduce a new interaction between astrocytes and neurons in the auditory brainstem and suggest that these astrocytes influence multiple aspects of auditory brainstem maturation.
Query by templates: using the shape of information to search next-generation databases

We present a user-centered database query language called QBT (Query By Templates) for user communication with databases containing complex structured data, such as data stored in the Extensible Markup Language (XML). XML has revolutionized data storage as well as representation and transfer methods in today's internet applications. The growing popularity of XML as a language for the representation of data has enabled its use for several applications involving storage, interchange, and retrieval of data. Several textual query languages have been proposed for XML retrieval, including the World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) recommendation of XQuery. Native XML database systems have been implemented, all of which provide methods for user communication with the database, although most communication methods use text-based query languages or form-based interfaces. QBT, the language presented here, is one of the first attempts toward a generalized alternative language that is based on human factors of familiarity. It is ideal for documents with a simple yet highly recognizable layout (e.g., poems, dictionaries, journals, etc.). We present the QBT language and report results from an initial usability test that shows promise for this type of an interface as a generalized user-database communication method.
FKBP51 protects 661w cell culture from staurosporine-induced apoptosis

Purpose: Neurodegenerative diseases and neurotraumas typically result in apoptosis of specific neurons leading to the pathology observed during the disease state. Existing treatments target the symptoms instead of preventing the death of these neurons. Although neuroprotective drugs should be useful as a treatment to prevent further loss of neurons, efficacious molecules are lacking. FK506 (tacrolimus), a widely used immunosuppressant drug, has significant neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties throughout the central nervous system, including the eye. FK506 achieves these properties through interaction with FK506 binding proteins (FKBP), including FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51). In this study, we examine the effects of FKBP51 as a neuroprotective agent on a neuronal cell line. Methods: We cultured 661w cell cultures with or without FK506, or stably transfected them with an FKBP51 expression vector. These cells were then exposed to the apoptosis-inducing agent staurosporine. Cell viability was determined using a calcein AM/propidium iodide assay. Protein levels and activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) were determined by western immunoblot analysis. Results: FKBP51 overexpression significantly protected 661w cell cultures from staurosporine-induced apoptosis. FKBP51 overexpression also significantly increased NF-κB p65 protein levels and activated NF-κB p65. FK506 treatment significantly protected 661w neuronal cultures from staurosporine-induced apoptosis. FK506 increased FKBP51, NF-κB p65, and levels of activated NF-κB p65 protein. Conclusions: These results suggest that FKBP51 protects 661w cell cultures from apoptosis induced by staurosporine. Additionally, FK506 protected 661w cell cultures from apoptosis and displayed a mechanism similar to that of FKBP51 overexpression. Both FK506 and FKBP51 appear to act through activation of NF-κB p65 protein, suggesting a common pathway for neuroprotection. These findings implicate FKBP51 as a protein important to neuronal cell culture survival. FKBP51 may be a potential therapeutic drug target for preventing the neurodegeneration and neurotrauma that occur during neurodegenerative diseases.
Differential Roles of the Tandem C1 Domains of Protein Kinase C δ in the Biphasic Down-Regulation Induced by Bryostatin 1

Bryostatin 1 (Bryo), currently in clinical trials, has been shown to induce a biphasic concentration-response curve for down-regulating protein kinase C (PKC) δ, with protection of the enzyme from down-regulation at high Bryo doses. In our ongoing studies to identify the basis for this unique behavior of PKCδ, we examined the participation of the two ligand binding sites (C1a and C1b) in the regulatory domain of the enzyme. Three mutants of PKCδ prepared by introducing a point mutation in either C1a or C1b or both C1a and C1b were overexpressed in NIH 3T3 cells. All of the constructs retained a biphasic response to down-regulation assessed after 24-h treatment with Bryo. However, the roles of the individual C1 domains were different for the two phases of the response. For down-regulation, both the C1a and the C1b mutants displayed equivalent 3–4-fold reductions in their affinities for the ligand. For protection from down-regulation, a reduced protection was observed for the C1a mutant, which showed a broader biphasic curve compared with those for wild-type PKCδ and the C1b mutant. Like wild-type PKCδ, all of the mutants showed the same subcellular partitioning of the protected enzyme to the particulate fraction of the cells, arguing against changes in sensitivity to Bryo due to differences in localization. Likewise, relatively similar patterns of localization were observed using green fluorescent protein-PKCδ constructs. We conclude that the C1 domains of PKCδ do not have equivalent roles in inducing protection against Bryo-induced down-regulation. The C1a domain plays a critical role in conferring the degree of protection at high concentrations of Bryo. Elucidation of the differential effect of Bryo on PKCδ may suggest strategies for the design of novel ligands with Bryo-like activities.
“A Cluster of Sacred Symbols”: Interpreting an Act of Animal Sacrifice at Kingsley Plantation, Fort George Island, Florida (1814–39)

Archaeologists often attempt to link artifacts recovered from enslaved plantation contexts to African-derived spiritual belief systems. Recent excavations within the slave cabins of Kingsley Plantation have revealed many artifacts that potentially held religious significance for the first-generation enslaved Africans who lived there between 1814 and 1839, the most significant of which was an intact chicken sacrifice buried in a slave cabin floor. The types of spiritual acts that involve animal sacrifice within several historic and modern cultures of West and Central Africa are documented and critically evaluated, and an interpretation is given regarding the example from Kingsley Plantation within its New World context.
Ericson Fluctuations and the New Argonne Data on πN Scattering

Most people nowadays think of hadrons as made of quark constituents trapped in a potential well. The well may or may not be infinitely high; it must rise at least above the present energy range to make free quarks so rare. As in any potential well, we expect to find excited states right up to the top of the well. We also expect the density of levels to rise rapidly with mass since there are so many ways to form a highly excited level: any one of the valence quarks can be raised to an excited level, or more than one can be raised at the same time, or quark pairs or gluons can be added.
Imaging primary lung cancers in mice to study radiation biology: in regard to Kirsch et al. (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76:973-977).

The recent article, “Imaging Primary Lung Cancers in Mice to Study Radiation Biology,” by Kirsch, et al. (1), makes a compelling case for the use of non-invasive imaging for longitudinal studies of tumor growth. In the research reported therein, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was employed for detection of lung tumors “below 1 mm3” in volume and a strong linear correlation between the tumor volume as determined by micro-CT and that determined by histology was demonstrated, though the volume calculated by micro-CT consistently overestimated the size of the tumors compared with histology. The authors offer the opinion that micro-CT is superior to MRI for imaging lung tumors because of “the better contrast between the air and the soft tissue, whose interface can cause artifacts in MRI”. While we enthusiastically second the arguments regarding the power of in vivo imaging for longitudinal studies of tumor growth, we wish to offer a forceful counter point to this claim. In fact, MRI offers excellent capabilities for absolute quantification of lung-tumor burden, a capability that is often unappreciated by preclinical imaging scientists focused on high-energy-radiation methods. Previously published reports from our laboratory have demonstrated the utility of respiratory-gated MRI experiments for quantitative measurement of lung-tumor growth in several different murine tumor models (2-6). In particular, this laboratory has employed MRI to detect lung tumors as small as 0.5 mm in diameter (0.065 mm3 volume) (5), has successfully correlated MRI-derived tumor volumes with histologic measures (3-6), and has monitored longitudinal tumor growth over a period of many months in cohorts of mice (4). Because MRI uses very low energy (non-ionizing) radio-frequency radiation, animals are not exposed to potentially therapeutic doses of radiation. The idea that micro-CT is superior to MRI for imaging lung tumors because of air and soft tissue interface-induced MRI artifacts, reflects a common misconception. While normal lung tissue is not observable by standard MRI methods because of the tissue’s low water content and the presence of significant mesoscopic magnetic-susceptibility-induced magnetic field inhomogeneities (the air/tissue interface issue), this proves to be a marked advantage when targeting the detection and quantification of lung tumors. The lack of background MR signal from lung parenchyma ensures remarkably high MR image contrast. While magnetic-susceptibility-induced inhomogeneities will, at some point, limit achievable resolution with standard MRI pulse sequences, in our experience, these susceptibility effects do not cause observable image artifacts at 4.7 tesla.
Simultaneous Determination of Acetylcodeine, Monoacetylmorphine, and Other Opiates in Urine by GC-MS

In addition to 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), acetylcodeine (AC) has been suggested as a marker for the use of illicit heroin. We report a sensitive opiate gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay that detects AC, diacetylmorphine, and the propionylated derivatives of codeine, morphine, 6-MAM, and norcodeine. The analytes were extracted by solid phase with recoveries from 62 to 98%. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for AC was 0.5 and 1.0 microgram/L. The LOD of the other analytes was 2.0 micrograms/L and the LOQs ranged from 2 to 10 micrograms/L. The assay was linear for each analyte from the LOQ to 200 micrograms/L or 400 micrograms/L (morphine and codeine) with r > or = 0.996, except for diacetylmorphine which was linear to 100 micrograms/L with r = 0.994. The within-run and between-run precision were below 10% CV for all analytes. There was no significant hydrolysis of AC to codeine in urine (pH 4.7 and 8.0) after 23 weeks of refrigeration or freezing. After storage at room temperature in urine of pH 8.0, AC was completely hydrolyzed after 5 weeks, but at pH 4.7, 58% of the AC remained after 15 weeks of storage at room temperature. The sensitivity of this assay was adequate to detect AC in the urine of heroin abusers. In preliminary studies, AC was detected in 6 of 69 opiate positive urines. Concentrations ranging from 1 to 48 micrograms/L were observed. These concentrations were found to be low when compared with the concentrations of 6-MAM, codeine, and morphine also detected in the urines.
Resistance to blood flow in nonuniform capillaries.

Objective: Microvessels in living tissues are not uniform cylinders, and red blood cells (RBCs) are continually deformed when traversing them. This may contribute to higher resistance to blood flow observed in microvessels compared with that in corresponding uniform glass tubes. Here, a theoretical model was used to estimate flow resistance in nonuniform capillaries and its dependence on hematocrit, flow rate, and mechanical properties of RBCs. Methods: Single-file motion of RBCs through capillaries with sinusoidally varying cross-sections was simulated, assuming axisymmetrical geometry. Effects of cell membrane shear viscosity and elasticity were included. Lubrication theory was used to describe the plasma flow. Results: Predicted resistance to blood flow in capillaries with variable cross-sections was substantially higher than in uniform vessels with the same mean diameters. Resistance depended on vessel geometry, flow rate, and hematocrit. At tube hematocrit 30%, the increase in resistance was 40%–58% when diameter varied between 4.5 and 6 μm with wavelength 20 μm and 58%–77% for variations between 4 and 5 μm with wavelength 10 μm. Larger relative increases in resistance were predicted for RBCs with increased membrane shear viscosity. Conclusions: Effects of transient RBC deformations in irregular capillaries contribute significantly to blood flow resistance in capillaries. However, this effect is not sufficient to account for the flow resistance observed in living tissues.
The Rape Tax: Tangible and Intangible Costs of Sexual Violence

This study examines the justice system's decision that sexual violence, particularly rape, is not an economic crime. The authors estimate the tangible and intangible financial costs of sexual violence in Michigan. In 1996, rape and sexual assault cost Michigan more than $6.5 billion, most of which came in the form of intangible costs. Sex-offense homicide cost more than $18 million, two thirds of which was intangible costs. If divided equallyas a “rape tax,” each resident of Michigan would have paid nearly $700 in 1996 to cover the cost of sexual violence. The implication is that prevention is the best way to reduce the high cost of sexual violence. Furthermore, rape and sexual assault need to be identified as a public health issue to raise awareness about sexual violence. Finally, courts and prosecutors need to think about sexual violence as an economic crime to better protect victims and survivors of sexual violence.
Does Affirmative Training Matter? Assessing CFT Students' Beliefs about Sexual Orientation and Their Level of Affirmative Training.

This study examined couple and family therapy (CFT) students' beliefs about sexual orientation, their self-reported competency working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients, and the level of affirmative training students received in their CFT programs. One hundred and ninety students from accredited CFT programs completed the study. While participants reported feeling only somewhat competent to work with LGB clients and less than half reported receiving any training on affirmative therapy, the majority of the participants did appear to hold positive attitudes toward LGB clients. The results support the literature arguing for CFT programs to include specific training on affirmative therapy practices, as the level of affirmative training was directly related to participants' self-reported clinical competency working with LGB clients.
Special session — Henry's Daughters: A new Engineering Ethics movie

The National Institute for Engineering Ethics has produced a new movie, Henry's Daughters, to aid in teaching professional ethics in engineering. The movie highlights ethical issues at both individual and societal levels. In this special session, participants will learn how to use two cooperative learning strategies together with the new movie. Participants will also learn a classroom assessment technique.
Spatially Averaged versus Point Precipitation in Monongahela Basin:Statistical Distinctions for Forecasting

Abstract The predictand of a probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast (PQPF) may be either a point precipitation amount or a spatially averaged precipitation (SAP) amount. At the current state of the art, it is the SAP amount (the volume of water accumulated over an area during a period) that is most predictable. This case study compares the climatic PQPFs of the two predictands within a river basin in the Appalachians, then highlights similarities and distinctions of which the forecasters should be aware. Empirical relations reveal whether or not a given statistic of the point precipitation amount is (i) locally invariant, that is, does not vary appreciably within some area so that a single estimate (e.g., a spatial average) can approximate the statistic at every point within the area, and (ii) amenable to averaging, that is, can be averaged over some area to obtain an approximation to the statistic of the SAP amount. The study also illustrates the effect of elevation on the statistics of point ...
Effect of running intensity on intestinal permeability

Enhanced intestinal permeability has been associated with gastrointestinal disorders in long-distance runners. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of running intensity on small intestinal permeability by using the lactulose and rhamnose differential urinary excretion test. Secondary purposes included assessing the relationship between small intestinal permeability and gastrointestinal symptoms and evaluating gastric damage by using sucrose as a probe. Six healthy volunteers [5 men, 1 woman; age = 30 +/- 2 yr; peak O2 uptake (VO2peak) = 57.7 +/- 2.1 ml.kg-1.min-1] rested or performed treadmill exercise at 40, 60, or 80% VO2peak for 60 min in a moderate environment (22 degrees C, 50% relative humidity). At 30 min into rest or exercise, the permeability test solution (5 g sucrose, 5 g lactulose, 2 g rhamnose in 50 ml water, approximately 800 mosM) was ingested. Urinary excretion rates (6 h) of the lactulose-to-rhamnose ratio were used to assess small intestinal permeability, and concentrations of each probe were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Running at 80% VO2peak increased (P < 0.05) small intestinal permeability compared with rest, 40, and 60% VO2peak with mean values expressed as percent recovery of ingested dose of 0.107 +/- 0.021 (SE), 0.048 +/- 0.009, 0.056 +/- 0.005, and 0.064 +/- 0.010%, respectively. Increases in small intestinal permeability did not result in a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, and urinary recovery of sucrose did not reflect increased gastric permeability. The significance and mechanisms involved in increased small intestinal permeability after high-intensity running merit further investigation.
Preferential binding of K + ions in the selectivity filter at equilibrium explains high selectivity of K + channels

K+ channels exhibit strong selectivity for K+ ions over Na+ ions based on electrophysiology experiments that measure ions competing for passage through the channel. During this conduction process, multiple ions interact within the region of the channel called the selectivity filter. Ion selectivity may arise from an equilibrium preference for K+ ions within the selectivity filter or from a kinetic mechanism whereby Na+ ions are precluded from entering the selectivity filter. Here, we measure the equilibrium affinity and selectivity of K+ and Na+ ions binding to two different K+ channels, KcsA and MthK, using isothermal titration calorimetry. Both channels exhibit a large preference for K+ over Na+ ions at equilibrium, in line with electrophysiology recordings of reversal potentials and Ba2+ block experiments used to measure the selectivity of the external-most ion-binding sites. These results suggest that the high selectivity observed during ion conduction can originate from a strong equilibrium preference for K+ ions in the selectivity filter, and that K+ selectivity is an intrinsic property of the filter. We hypothesize that the equilibrium preference for K+ ions originates in part through the optimal spacing between sites to accommodate multiple K+ ions within the selectivity filter.
Changes in infiltration under alfalfa as influenced by time and wheel traffic

Infiltration rates were measured for alfalfa, (Medicago saliva L., cv. WL514) subjected to treatments where wheel traffic was varied in terms of area covered and time of application on a Wasco sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, nonacid thermic Xeric Torriorthent). Traffic treatments were (i) No-traffic, (ii) Preplant, (iii) Repeated, and (iv) traffic similar to what a grower would apply. Infiltration rates increased for all treatments, with increases being 240% for treatments without harvest traffic and 140% for treatments with harvest traffic Increases in infiltration were related to decreases in stand density. Slight packing (traffic) applied before the soil was flood-irrigated in 1983 increased infiltration rates 20% compared to flooding loosened soil (no traffic). Harvest traffic resulted in slower water movement in the soil.
Effect of pressure on hydraulic conductivity of endothelial monolayers : role of endothelial cleft shear stress

Significant changes in transvascular pressure occur in pulmonary hypertension, microgravity, and many other physiological and pathophysiological circumstances. Using bovine aortic endothelial cells...
Headache and Craniofacial Neuralgias

Craniofacial neuralgias and facial pain syndromes are not uncommon. According to the 2009 National Health Interview Survey, the prevalence of face pain in the US population was 3.3% in males and 6.6% in females. Although trigeminal neuralgia and temporomandibular joint dysfunction are most commonly encountered in clinical practice, the differential diagnosis list can be very exhaustive. Special emphasis should be placed on correct diagnosis and treatment rather than on symptomatic management.
Nacimiento de Anarda: el retrato femenino a través del gongorismo en la lírica de Botelho de Oliveira

Durante el llamado Barroco literario, la tematica del retrato femenino alcanza su mayor apogeo en la lirica europea. Siguiendo los patrones literarios inaugurados por lirica petrarquesca en la fase crepuscular de la edad, Luis de Gongora contribuye a la creacion de una nueva discursividad respecto a este tema. En este contexto, en consonancia con los procedimientos de la translatio studii y segun las normas de la imitatio que regian los procesos liricos en el momento, el brasileno Botelho de Oliveira se apropia del estilo gongorino para crear a su amada poetica, Anarda, dotando a su obra de total originalidad
Office evaluation of spine and limb pain: Spondylotic radiculopathy and other nonstructural mimickers

Low back and neck pain, with or without radiculopathy, are one of the most common reasons for referral to an outpatient neurology practice. Determining appropriate treatment relies on establishing an accurate diagnosis of the etiology of the spine or limb pain. The author reviews structural radiculopathies as a result of diskogenic and spondylotic etiologies with an emphasis on the clinical approach and evaluation of these patients (including imaging and electrodiagnostics), identifying management altering neurogenic mimickers of structural radiculopathies (such as infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic myeloradiculitis and radiculoplexopathies), and stratifying patients for treatment.
Time-specific life tables for the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on alfalfa

Time-specific life tables were constructed for three pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), populations using a modification ofHughes' analytical procedure. All populations were studied on second-growth alfalfa (mid-June to mid-July) in south central Wisconsin; data for two populations were collected during 1980, and data for the third population were collected during 1982. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) estimated on a physiological time (day-degree) scale under field conditions but in the absence of natural enemies, provided a reliable estimate of potential population growth rate and was used in preference toHughes' approach of estimating potential population growth rates directly from stage structure data. Emigration by adult alatae and fungal disease were the major sources ofA. pisum mortality in each of the three populations studied. These factors were most important because of their impact on reducing birth rates within the local population. Parasitism was never greater than 9 percent. Mortality attributable to predation ranged from 0.0 to about 30.0%; however, even at the highest predator densitiesA. pisum populations increased exponentially.
Electrochemical evidence for intermolecular proton-coupled electron transfer through a hydrogen bond complex in a p-phenylenediamine-based urea. Introduction of the "wedge scheme" as a useful means to describe reactions of this type.

The electrochemistry of several p-phenylenediamine derivatives, in which one of the amino groups is part of an urea functional group, has been investigated in methylene chloride and acetonitrile. The ureas are abbreviated U(R)R′, where R′ indicates the substituent on the N that is part of the phenylenediamine redox couple and R indicates the substituent on the other urea N. Cyclic voltammetry and UV–vis spectroelectrochemical studies indicate that U(Me)H and U(H)H undergo an apparent 1e– oxidation that actually corresponds to 2e– oxidation of half the ureas to a quinoidal-diimine cation, U(R)+. This is accompanied by proton transfer to the other half of the ureas to make the electroinactive cation HU(R)H+. This explains the observed irreversibility of the oxidation of U(Me)H in both solvents and U(H)H in acetonitrile. However, the oxidation of U(H)H in methylene chloride is reversible at higher concentrations and slower scan rates. Several lines of evidence suggest that the most likely reason for this is ...
A JavaScript and PHP EPUB reader web application

EPUB is one of the most popular ebook formats. It is supported by many e-Readers, such as Apple’s iBooks, BlackBerry Playbooks, Sony Reader, Kobo eReader, Amazon Kindle Fire, and the Mozilla Firefox add-on EPUBReader. In this report, we describe our implementation of a JavaScript and PHP EPUB reader web application. This web application allows users to read the EPUB format books easily across multiple devices without any specified platform lock-in. Our application provides an EPUB library. When a user logs in, he can borrow an EPUB book from the library and save into his own bookshelf, then choose any one from his own bookshelf to read. Our application tracks where a user has been reading so users can easily pick up where they left off if they leave the application.
One sample per person facial recognition with local binary patterns and image sub-grids

Local binary patterns (LBPs) are very commonly used to determine if a face in an image is a known person. However, accuracy is generally proportional to the number of training samples collected. The “single sample per person” (SSPP) problem focuses on identifying a person using only one training sample. Facial recognition from a single sample reduces the labor required to gather training data and enables some applications where only a single sample will be available. In this paper, we propose a method of improving the accuracy or efficiency of LBP-based face recognition by using a tree-based data structure to create “sub-grids” allowing for novel division patterns to be used in facial recognition, as opposed to the uniform grids used for most LBP face recognition. This method is then applied to the one sample per person problem where some patterns were found to require fewer regions within the image for comparable results to uniform grids.
LITHIUM-7 KNIGHT SHIFTS FOR LITHIUM IN AMMONIA AND LITHIUM IN METHYLAMINE

Lithium-7 Knight shifts for lithium-ammonia solutions and lithium-methylamine solutions have been measured as a function of temperature from saturation to R (NH3/Li) = 800 for ammonia solutions and to R— 180 for methylamine solutions, k for ammonia solutions is equal to 5 p.p.m. at — 70°G and is always less than k for methylamine solutions (15 p.p.m. at — 70°) at all temperatures except for R 50 at all temperatures whereas k for methylamine solutions is independent of R at —70° but varies with R above —70°. No transition to metallic behaviour occurs for methylamine solutions and k varies linearly with 1/T over all the concentration range investigated. Using equilibrium constants obtained from the analysis of conductance data the excess electron density on the lithium monomer in methylamine solutions is calculated to be l.44 × 1023 cm−3 and 0.44 × 1023 cm-3 in ammonia solutions.
Surgery for pulmonary metastases.

Operating upon carefully selected patients with metastatic lesions in the lung has proved to be of definite clinical value. The criteria for selection of patients include adequate control of the primary tumor, confinement of metastases to the lung, number of metastatic nodules, histologic type of the primary tumor, disease-free interval before metastasis, tumor doubling time, and availability of adjuvant therapy.
Nacocrinus elliotti, a new pachylocrinid from the Naco Formation (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian) of central Arizona

Nacocrinus elliotti new genus, new species, is reported from the beta member of the Naco Formation (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian) at the Kohl Ranch locality in central Arizona. This is the first pachylocrinid reported from the Naco Formation.
The Call for Component Analyses of the Saudi Arabian Risk Reduction Initiative: An Examination of Religious Re-education’s Role in the Deradicalization and Disengagement Process

Is it possible to dissolve the violent religious ideology behind the majority of terrorist behavior and keep the ‘person’ intact? This proposal suggests a potential method to assess the impact of religious re-education on reducing future instances of terrorist behavior. The paper addresses current terms, problems and limits surrounding deradicalization. It also appraises empirical evidence behind current deradicalization programs. It attempts to analyze one component of the Saudi Arabian Deradicalization program (religious re-education) through a behavior analytic framework. It builds on previous research to suggest that social reinforcement through moderate Muslim clerics may reduce the frequency of terrorist behavior. This proposal hopes to successfully argue the necessity of putting each component of the Saudi Arabian Deradicalization program under similar scrutiny.
Comparative analysis of protein interactome networks prioritizes candidate genes with cancer signatures

// Yongsheng Li 1, * , Nidhi Sahni 1, 2 , Song Yi 1, * 1 Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 2 Graduate Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Nidhi Sahni, email: Nsahni@mdanderson.org Song Yi, email: Syi2@mdanderson.org Keywords: comparative network analysis, protein interaction networks, prioritization of cancer genes, network centrality, systems biology Received: August 04, 2016 Accepted: October 14, 2016 Published: October 25, 2016 ABSTRACT Comprehensive understanding of human cancer mechanisms requires the identification of a thorough list of cancer-associated genes, which could serve as biomarkers for diagnoses and therapies in various types of cancer. Although substantial progress has been made in functional studies to uncover genes involved in cancer, these efforts are often time-consuming and costly. Therefore, it remains challenging to comprehensively identify cancer candidate genes. Network-based methods have accelerated this process through the analysis of complex molecular interactions in the cell. However, the extent to which various interactome networks can contribute to prediction of candidate genes responsible for cancer is still enigmatic. In this study, we evaluated different human protein-protein interactome networks and compared their application to cancer gene prioritization. Our results indicate that network analyses can increase the power to identify novel cancer genes. In particular, such predictive power can be enhanced with the use of unbiased systematic protein interaction maps for cancer gene prioritization. Functional analysis reveals that the top ranked genes from network predictions co-occur often with cancer-related terms in literature, and further, these candidate genes are indeed frequently mutated across cancers. Finally, our study suggests that integrating interactome networks with other omics datasets could provide novel insights into cancer-associated genes and underlying molecular mechanisms.
Twitter Adoption and Activity in U.S. Legislatures: A 50-State Study:

This study draws inspiration from the literature on Twitter adoption and activity in U.S. legislatures, applying predictions from those limited studies to all 7,378 politicians serving across 50 American state legislatures in the fall of 2015. Tests of bivariate association carried out for individual states lead to widely varying results, indicating an underlying diversity of legislative environments. However, a pooled multivariate analysis for all 50 states indicates that constituents per legislator, the youth and educational attainment of a district, legislative professionalism, being a woman, sitting in the upper chamber, leadership, and legislative inexperience are significantly and positively associated with Twitter adoption and current Twitter use. Controlling for these factors, neither legislator party, nor majority status, nor partisan instability, nor district income is significantly related to either Twitter adoption or current Twitter use. Although women are more likely than men to adopt and us...
Interaction des troubles transversaux unilateraux avec le sens sagittal : conduite à tenir.

Resume Les deviations dysfonctionnelles de type deglutition et mastication dysfonctionnelles se traduisent par des dysharmonies transversales des arcades engendrant des asymetries positionnelles des condyles et des cavites glenoides avec plus ou moins de consequences squelettiques. Il en resulte presque toujours des occlusions asymetriques dans le sens sagittal. Nous verrons a partir de cas cliniques quelle strategie therapeutique adopter et quels criteres occlusaux de finition et de stabilite observer.
Manufacture of Optical Fibers: Drawing and Coating Processes

This chapter discusses the fabrication of optical fibers, focusing on the drawing, cooling, and coating of fibers. The basic transport mechanisms that arise are discussed, along with results from analytical, numerical, and experimental studies. Starting with the fabrication of the preform, this chapter discusses the thermal transport in the draw furnace and the flow in silica glass. Of particular interest are the neck-down profile, defects generated during the process, feasibility of the process, and possible optimization of the process. The consideration is also extended to hollow, microstructured, and doped fibers that are of interest in different applications. The cooling and the liquid polymer coating processes are similarly considered, to discuss the underlying phenomena and present characteristics results. In all these considerations, a particular aspect that is brought up is the quality of the fiber, as well as of the coating, in terms of defects, imperfections, entrapment of bubbles in the coating, dopant distribution, viscous rupture, and so on. Also considered is the production rate, as indicated by the drawing speed and the ranges over which operating conditions may be varied to obtain a high-quality coated fiber with low transmission loss. Even though the presentation is directed at the fabrication of optical fibers, many of the basic aspects, methods for analysis, concerns, and trends are similar to those applicable to other manufacturing processes, such as wire drawing. Some of these similarities are discussed in other chapters as well in order to link the basic aspects of different manufacturing processes and thus impact on new and existing processes and systems.
Neutron Activation Analysis of Serum

A method is described for the determination by neutron activation analysis of calcium, copper, manganese, magnesium, sodium, and chlorine using one chemical separation and two irradiations. Separations of the metals calcium, copper, manganese, and magnesium from the sodium and chlorine ions was done with a chelating agent in an organic solvent.
The Water Lab Curriculum for Teaching Science to Young English Language Learners

This article describes a science curriculum model for preschool English language learners (ELLs) based on an integration of Socioconstructivistic theory, content-based instruction, and the Ethnic Educator approach. The curriculum model is implemented through a Water Lab project that shows learning progress in science concepts and first-and-second-language (L1 and L2) skills as compared to educational standards. This curriculum contributes to the literature by teaching science content through: (1) a conceptual approach stimulating higher-order thinking strategies, (2) inquiry-based and problem-solving pedagogical strategies, (3) students’ prior cultural and L1 knowledge, and (4) active learning and the social participation of students in learning communities.
Herring bodies; an electron microscopic study of local degeneration and regeneration of neurosecretory axons

The Herring bodies in the posterior lobe of the bovine hypophysis are very large (2–600 μ) and can be classified into three types. The type I Herring body contains an accumulation of neurosecretory granules. These Herring bodies are very scarce and should not be confused with the numerous, but small, axonal swellings which also contain neurosecretory granules.
Selective Hepatic Intra-arterial Chemotherapy

Hepatic intra-arterial infusion pump (HAIP) placement provides hepatic specific continuous infusion of chemotherapeutic agents. The chemotherapeutic agents selected for use with HAIP should exhibit a high degree of first pass kinetics in order to minimize systemic toxicity. Agents used include cisplatin, fluodeoxyuridine (FUDR), mitomycin C, and Adriamycin.
Expression of Exogenous mRNA in Xenopus laevis Embryos for the Study of Cell Cycle Regulation

The microinjection of mRNA that is transcribed and capped in vitro into fertilized eggs and embryos of Xenopus laevis provides a powerful means for discovering the function of proteins during early development. Proteins may be overexpressed for a gain-of-function effect or exogenous protein function may be compromised by the microinjection of mRNA encoding "dominant-negative" proteins. This methodology is particularly suited for the investigation of the regulation of the cell cycle, checkpoints, and apoptosis in early development.
Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Before and After Treatment Initiation

We aimed to described 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to re-evaluate levels after chemotherapy. Permanent residents of the San Francisco Bay Area with a new CRC diagnosis of any stage were recruited prior to any non-surgical therapy. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured at time of diagnosis and 6-month follow-up. Supplement use was not restricted. The primary endpoint was the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with newly diagnosed CRC of all stages. The Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests were used to evaluate associations of patient characteristics with 25(OH)D levels. Median 25(OH)D level at baseline was 27.0 ng/mL (range 7.2, 59.0); 65% of patients had insufficient levels (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL) (n = 94). Race, disease stage, multivitamin use, vitamin D supplementation, and county of residence were associated with baseline 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.05). The median change in 25(OH)D from baseline to 6 months was − 0.7 ng/mL [− 19.4, 51.7] for patients treated with chemotherapy (n = 58) and 1.6 ng/mL [− 6.4, 33.2] for patients who did not receive chemotherapy (n = 19) (P = 0.26). For patients who received vitamin D supplementation during chemotherapy, the median 25(OH)D change was 8.3 ng/mL [− 7.6, 51.7] versus − 1.6 [− 19.4, 24.3] for chemotherapy patients who did not take vitamin D supplements (P = 0.02). Among patients with a new diagnosis of CRC, most patients were found to have 25(OH)D levels consistent with either deficiency or insufficiency. In the subset of patients who received chemotherapy and took a vitamin D supplement, serum 25(OH)D levels increased, suggesting that vitamin D repletion is a feasible intervention during chemotherapy.
Restricted Boltzmann Machines

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a fundamentally different model from the feed-forward network. Conventional neural networks are input-output mapping networks where a set of inputs is mapped to a set of outputs. On the other hand, RBMs are networks in which the probabilistic states of a network are learned for a set of inputs, which is useful for unsupervised modeling.
Supraventricular Arrhythmias: Clinical Framework and Common Scenarios for the Internist

Supraventricular arrhythmias can cause uncomfortable symptoms for patients. Often, the first point of contact is in the primary care setting, and thus, it is imperative for the general internist to have a clinical framework in place to recognize this cluster of cardiac arrhythmias, be familiar with immediate and long-term management of supraventricular tachycardias, and understand when cardiac electrophysiologic consultation is necessary. The electrocardiographic characteristics can have subtle but important clues to the diagnosis and initial management. An understanding of the mechanisms of these arrhythmias is essential to provide proper therapy to the patient. In addition, there are common practice strategies that should be emphasized to avoid common misperceptions that could pose risk to the patient. In this review, we provide a framework to more easily recognize and classify these arrhythmias. We also illustrate the mechanism for these arrhythmias to provide an understanding of the interventions generally used.