cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL KINETICS MODELS FOR THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF FUSED SILICA OPTICAL FIBER

There have been numerous studies of the fatigue and strength behavior of fused silica optical fibers. However, no coherent model has emerged that self-consistently describes the simultaneous effects of stress, temperature and activity of the corroding species (e.g. water). A power law degradation kinetics model (relating the crack growth rate to the applied stress intensity factor, K I ) is widely used although various exponential forms based on chemical rate theory have also been proposed. The dependence of fatigue on parameters such as humidity, pH and temperature, has usually been treated in an empirical manner. Sometimes it is even ignored for example, the service environment is often assumed to be the same as the proof test environment when making lifetime predictions, thus avoiding the need for understanding the humidity dependence; this assumption is often unjustified. This paper reviews the dependence of fatigue on environmental factors and highlights some of the inconsistencies in published data. It is then attempted to present a coherent kinetics model that simultaneously accounts for stress temperature, humidity, etc. Several possible forms of the model are compared to a range of experimental data of several different types. The comparison is made using fitting techniques that account for correlation between fit parameters. It is found that a simple exponential form of the degradation kinetics model gives the best overall description of the temperature, humidity and pH effects on static and dynamic fatigue. It should be noted that the exponential form predicts shorter lifetimes than the ubiquitous power law model. Therefore, under some circumstances, the predictions of “worst case” models based on power law kinetics are unduly
Frequency-dependent inductance and resistance calculation for three-dimensional structures in high-speed interconnect systems

Frequency-dependent inductances and resistances of three-dimensional structures commonly encountered in modern electronic interconnections are calculated by a combined finite-element/integral-equation method. the mathematical formulation and the numerical method of solution are discussed. Numerical results for microstrip bends and vias are presented. These results compare well with experiment. The effect of the frequency dependence of the inductance on pulse propagation is discussed. >
AKAP150 Contributes to Enhanced Vascular Tone by Facilitating Large-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel Remodeling in Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus

Rationale:Increased contractility of arterial myocytes and enhanced vascular tone during hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus may arise from impaired large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) chann...
What angel would hear me?: The erotics of transference

(1994). What angel would hear me?: The erotics of transference. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 14, Erotic Transference: Contemporary Perspectives, pp. 535-557.
Diet in one group of woolly spider monkeys, or muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides).

Data on feeding behavior in one group of muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides) were collected during a 14 month study at Fazenda Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Muriquis devoted an average of 51% of their annual feeding time to leaves, 32% to fruits, and 11% to flowers. The high proportion of leaves in their diet is consistent with predictions from the energetics of body size. However, they devoted a greater proportion of their feeding time to patchy fruit and flower resources than was expected from comparisons with smaller, sympatric howler monkeys. Muriqui diet varied with the availability of preferred food types across sample months. Fruit and flower consumption corresponded to the availability and abundance of these food resources in the forest. Leaves contributed substantially to muriqui diet throughout the year but appeared to be eaten primarily to provide necessary protein and/or necessary bulk. Male and female diets differed only in the greater proportion of feeding time females devoted to flowers.
Tensor transmission-line metamaterials and their applications

This paper presents two different unit cell topologies for tensor transmission-line (TL) metamaterials. These metamaterials can exhibit tensorial material properties unlike their TL metamaterial predecessors which could only exhibit diagonal material parameters. Circuit simulations of a field rotator device implemented using tensor TL metamaterial are also presented to show the utility and potential of these recently developed metamaterials.
Differences in Plantar Flexor Fascicle Length and Pennation Angle between Healthy and Poststroke Individuals and Implications for Poststroke Plantar Flexor Force Contributions

Poststroke plantar flexor muscle weakness has been attributed to muscle atrophy and impaired activation, which cannot collectively explain the limitations in force-generating capability of the entire muscle group. It is of interest whether changes in poststroke plantar flexor muscle fascicle length and pennation angle influence the individual force-generating capability and whether plantar flexor weakness is due to uniform changes in individual muscle force contributions. Fascicle lengths and pennation angles for the soleus, medial, and lateral gastrocnemius were measured using ultrasound and compared between ten hemiparetic poststroke subjects and ten healthy controls. Physiological cross-sectional areas and force contributions to poststroke plantar flexor torque were estimated for each muscle. No statistical differences were observed for any muscle fascicle lengths or for the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus pennation angles between paretic, nonparetic, and healthy limbs. There was a significant decrease () in the paretic medial gastrocnemius pennation angle compared to both nonparetic and healthy limbs. Physiological cross-sectional areas and force contributions were smaller on the paretic side. Additionally, bilateral muscle contributions to plantar flexor torque remained the same. While the architecture of each individual plantar flexor muscle is affected differently after stroke, the relative contribution of each muscle remains the same.
MSFC research in lightweight, x-ray mirrors for the Constellation-X Mission

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center is developing enabling technologies for large, lightweight, x-ray optics for the Constellation-x mission. We report on progress in replicating full-shell mirrors with an areal density of 1 kg/m(exp 2).
A hybrid approach for simulating human motion in constrained environments

We present a new algorithm to generate plausible motions for high-DOF human-like articulated figures in constrained environments with multiple obstacles. Our approach is general and makes no assumptions about the articulated model or the environment. The algorithm combines hierarchical model decomposition with sample-based planning to efficiently compute a collision-free path in tight spaces. Furthermore, we use path perturbation and replanning techniques to satisfy the kinematic and dynamic constraints on the motion. In order to generate realistic human-like motion, we present a new motion blending algorithm that refines the path computed by the planner with motion capture data to compute a smooth and plausible trajectory. We demonstrate the results of generating motion corresponding to placing or lifting object, walking, and bending for a 38-DOF articulated model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. We present a hybrid approach to generate plausible motions for high-DOF human-like articulated figures in constrained environment with multiple obstacles. The method combines motion planning and motion blending techniques to efficiently produce natural and collision-free human motion for different tasks.
Social Control Violence and Radicalization: Behavioral Data

Utilizing self-reports of Kent State students' protest and socio-political activity before and after May 4, 1970, this study evaluates the plausibility of two hypotheses. The radicalization hypothesis suggests that exposure to extreme social control violence, such as that employed by National Guardsmen on Kent's campus, would lead to greater protest activity. The pacification hypothesis suggests that protest activity would decrease after exposure to social control violence, to be replaced by inactivity, or by “more acceptable” socio-political activity. The data support the radicalization hypothesis.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD): an effective technique for requirements acquisition and reuse

This paper proposes Quality Function Deployment (QFD) as an effective tool for the capture and refinement of requirements. When applied to a project, QFD will enable its success. More specifically, QFD will: (1) improve product quality by focusing on customer requirements up-front and throughout the development cycle; (2) improve communications between customers, system engineers, programmers and testers and thus contribute to a better decision-making process; (3) facilitate the management of change, through rigorous rating and systematic traceability of requirements; (4) reduce costs of projects, by enabling concurrent engineering and by reducing costs associated with late-in-the life-cycle rework, (5) enable alignment between customer requirements, product requirements, and cost requirements (or constraints), and (6) enable cataloguing of key performance requirements, for parameter-based modeling of the target application and systematic reuse of requirements across projects.
The Impact of Incipient Trilinguality on the Socio-Affective Development of Jewish Elementary School Children in Israel.

Abstract For many decades now, applied linguistics studies have investigated the impact of second language acquisition on various aspects of the development of school children. Few studies, however, have focused on the simultaneous acquisition of two additional/second languages in the classroom. The present paper explores the impact of a spoken Arabic language programme in a Jewish elementary school in Israel on the children's socio-affective (attitudinal) development. The participants of the study comprised fourth-grade students studying two second languages, English and Arabic (the focal group), and comparable children in a regular programme, who study only one second language, English, in school (the control group). Participants answered attitude questionnaires; in addition, interviews with the Arabic teachers were carried out. Results indicated that participating in a spoken Arabic programme in elementary school indeed had a positive impact on Jewish children's attitudes towards the Arabic language, c...
Modeling the adsorption of target compounds by GAC in the presence of background dissolved organic matter

The impact of background dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the adsorption of a target organic compound, lindane, by GAC was examined. Both capacity and rate of lindane removal decreased in proportion to the DOM concentration. Two modeling approaches employing homogeneous surface diffusion versions of the Michigan Adsorption Design and Applications Model (MADAM-HSD) adequately simulated and predicted data for fixed-bed adsorbers. In one approach, adsorption equilibrium and mass transport parameters were evaluated and the data modeled in terms of the target compound only, using a single-solute modeling scheme. The second methodology treated the background DOM as an independent component and utilized a two-solute version of MADAM-HSD to describe and/or predict adsorber breakthrough profiles for both lindane and DOM. The short bed adsorber (SBA) technique was verified as a useful tool for determination of the mass transport parameters associated with the systems studied.
Synergy between growth factors and transmitters required for catecholamine differentiation in brain neurons

The phenotypically plastic neurons of the embryonic mouse striatum were used to explore mechanisms of catecholamine differentiation in culture. De novo transcription and translation of the CA biosynthetic enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), was induced in striatal neurons exposed, simultaneously or sequentially, to the growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and a catecholamine. Although dopamine was the most potent aFGF partner (ED50 = 4 microM), a number of substances, including dopamine (D1) receptor agonists, beta-adrenoceptor agonists, and dopamine uptake inhibitors also trigger TH induction when accompanied by aFGF. However, since none of the receptor antagonists nor transport blockers tested could inhibit dopamine9s action, the mechanism remains obscure. Structure-activity analysis suggests that effective aFGF partners all contain an amine group separated from a catechol nucleus by two carbons. Thus, TH expression can be novelly induced by the synergistic interaction of aFGF, and to a lesser extent basic FGF, and a variety of CA-containing partner molecules. We speculate that a similar association between growth factor and transmitter may be required in development for the differentiation of a CA phenotype in brain neurons.
The Smallest Leap of Faith: A New Worldview for a Postmodern World?

It is undeniable that religion provides a sense of purpose, ethical direction, and social belonging that most human beings for most of recorded history have found to be profoundly important. But it is equally undeniable that its supernatural metaphysics and dogmatic conservatism have retarded society’s progress in many ways and caused untold human suffering. An obvious question is thus: Is it possible to preserve the beneficial aspects of religion while excising the problematic ones? Immanuel Kant fathered the postmodern age with his devastating critique of the possibility of human knowledge of the Ultimate. However, Kant himself was far from skeptical about the possibility of objective human knowledge - as long as its claims were carefully qualified. The key to understanding this seeming contradiction is his (often misunderstood) transcendental method. The method offers a way to have our postmodern skepticism concerning traditional religious supernaturalism and still eat our metaphysical cake, as it were. Combining a transcendental approach with new scientific findings about the nature of the universe may allow us transcend the stalemate between scientific rationalism and faith, constructing a belief system which blends positive elements of each perspective. Scientists in a number of disciplines are beginning to hypothesize that the universe naturally creates complexity. On the one hand, this undercuts the most common justification for belief in the supernatural, since there is no need for divine intervention to explain things which occur naturally. On the other hand, it invites those so inclined to view themselves as part of a universal telos involving the creation of complexity. Such a move requires only the smallest step of faith to adopt and may provide believers with the sense of purpose, ethical foundation, and social support they long for while sidestepping any conflict with the essential claims or methods of science.
Success is an Open Book: Online Diagnostic Tools and Learning Outcomes in Introduction to American Government Courses

ABSTRACTThis project examines the utility of a particular course enhancement, Cengage’s Aplia, and more generally interactive tools designed to facilitate reading in the introductory American government course. Using two control and two treatment sections of the course (one section each for two instructors) during the Fall 2013 term, we measured student performance, engagement, and interest in the subject matter. While there was no statistically significant benefit regarding interest level, use of Aplia resulted in improved performance and engagement in the course. We conclude that, subject to further study, the Aplia diagnostic quizzes offer tangible benefits in teaching the introductory American government course and offer further insights regarding these benefits.
A multiobjective steepest descent method with applications to optimal well control

Multiobjective optimization deals with mathematical optimization problems where two or more objective functions (cost functions) are to be optimized (maximized or minimized) simultaneously. In most cases of interest, the objective functions are in conflict, i.e., there does not exist a decision (design) vector (vector of optimization variables) at which every objective function takes on its optimal value. The solution of a multiobjective problem is commonly defined as a Pareto front, and any decision vector which maps to a point on the Pareto front is said to be Pareto optimal. We present an original derivation of an analytical expression for the steepest descent direction for multiobjective optimization for the case of two objectives. This leads to an algorithm which can be applied to obtain Pareto optimal points or, equivalently, points on the Pareto front when the problem is the minimization of two conflicting objectives. The method is in effect a generalization of the steepest descent algorithm for minimizing a single objective function. The steepest-descent multiobjective optimization algorithm is applied to obtain optimal well controls for two example problems where the two conflicting objectives are the maximization of the life-cycle (long-term) net-present-value (NPV) and the maximization of the short-term NPV. The results strongly suggest the multiobjective steepest-descent (MOSD) algorithm is more efficient than competing multiobjective optimization algorithms.
Fifteen Years of the “Microgravity Research Team” (MRT) Project Course at West Virginia University

Published in Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science, Vol. 84, No. 1, p. 12, 2013. [20.] Kuhlman, J., Gray, D. D., Barnard, A., Hazelton, J., Lechliter, M., Starn, A., Battleson, C., Glaspell, S., Kreitzer, P., and Lechliter, M., “Observations of Confinement of a Paramagnetic Liquid in Model Propellant Tanks in Microgravity by the Kelvin Force”, 6 Microgravity Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena Conference, Cleveland, OH, Aug. 14-16, 2002. [21.] Kuhlman, J., Gray, D. D., Glaspell, S., Kreitzer, P., Battleson, C., Lechliter, M., Campanelli, M., Fredrick, N., Sunderlin, C., and Williams, B., “Positioning of Simulated Vapor Bubbles in Microgravity by the Kelvin Force”, Strategic Research to Enable NASA’s Exploration Missions Conference, NASA/TM-2004-213114, pp. 99-100, Cleveland, OH, June 23-24, 2004. [22.] Kuhlman, J., Gray, D. D., Glaspell, S., and Kreitzer, P., “Positioning of Bubbles in Microgravity by the Kelvin Force”, Paper AIAA 2005-5201, AIAA 38 Thermophysics Conference, Toronto, Canada, June 6-9, 2005. [23.] Kreitzer, P. J., Glaspell, S. L., Kuhlman, J. M., Mehra, D, and Gray, D. D., “Electrical Force Effects on Spray Cooling”, Paper 06PSC-61, SAE 2006 Power Systems Conference, New Orleans, LA, Sept. 7-9, 2006. [24.] Kuhlman, J. M., Kreitzer, P. J., Mehra, D., Gray, D. D., and Yerkes, K. L., “Influence of the Coulomb Force on Spray Cooling”, STAIF 11 Conference on Thermophysics Applications in Microgravity, Albuquerque, NM, Feb. 11-15, 2007. [25.] Watson, J. K., Struk, P. M., Pettegrew, R. D., and Downs, R. S., “Experimental investigation of solder joint defect formation and mitigation in reduced-gravity environments”, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 174-182, 2007. [26.] Phillips, K., “Development of the West Virginia University Small Microgravity Research Facility”, MSAE Thesis, West Virginia University, MAE Department, Morgantown, WV, 2014.
Doing the math on hepatitis C virus treatment

One of the greatest breakthroughs in medicine is our current capability to cure nearly everyone with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Within a few months of taking well tolerated pills, more than 90% of HCV-infected persons eradicate infection, eliminating the concern of spreading the virus to others, reducing by 80–90% the risks of liver failure and liver cancer, and improving survival [1–6]. These, and an array of additional less well documented treatment benefits, make an overwhelming case for treatment. There is no patient who is better off with HCV infection than without, and no health care provider we know who would not treat each patient given the opportunity. Accordingly, the medical guidance provided by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America concludes that, ‘‘Treatment is recommended for all patients with chronic HCV infection, except those with short life expectancies that cannot be remediated by treating HCV, by transplantation, or by other directed therapy [7].” Likewise, the guidance from the European Association for the Study of the Liver concludes, ‘‘All treatment-naive and experienced patients with compensated or decompensated chronic liver disease related to HCV, who are willing to be treated and who have no contra-indications to treatment, should be considered for therapy [8].” So, why complicate such a simple subject with math? Because the treatments are expensive. The core issue should not be obfuscated by questions about whether treatment is medically indicated. It is. The relevant question is how can we get that life-saving medication to everyone, and that’s where it can be challenging to make the math work. For example, we think there are about 3.2 million persons with chronic HCV infection in the United States. If it costs $50,000 per person to cure HCV infection and everyone were treated, then the total cost of medication alone would be greater than the entire 2014 gross domestic product of more than 100 countries. That math won’t work and is the reason the World Health Organization correctly concludes, ‘‘it is important to have a framework to help policy-makers decide who to prioritize for treatment” and the European Association for the Study of the Liver also concludes, ‘‘Because not every
Establishment of syndromic surveillance system for the 24th world university winter games and its running analysis

Objective To establish a disease control security model for large- scale winter Games,in order to realize the early warning of infectious diseases,to effectively control the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases during the large- scale activities and to gain experience. Methods Disease prevention and control points and the medical points were set up in the main stadium and the event relevant units,trained medical staff carried out monitoring of infectious disease symptoms to the people who associated with the activity,monitoring symptoms include fever,cough,rash,jaundice,diarrhea and other typical symptoms. Each monitoring point reported daily monitoring results to headquarters,and then the expert group carried out risk assessment according to monitoring data. Results There were six disease prevention and control points and thirty- seven medical points in Harbin,monitored 156 972 person- time,target population had a fever,cough, diarrhea,skin rash and other symptoms of a total of 164 people. The clinical diagnosis as follows: 112 people suffered from respiratory tract infections,35 people suffered from acute gastroenteritis,7 people suffered from gastrointestinal disorders,3 people suffered from acute tonsillitis,2 people suffered from atopic dermatitis,1 person suffered from pneumonia,1 person suffered from stomach flu,1 person suffered from appendicitis,1 person suffered from urticaria,1 person suffered from concussion,and there was no suspected case of infectious diseases. After continuous follow- up observation,all patients recovered. Conclusion There wasn't infectious disease outbreaks in Harbin during the 24th world university winter games,the syndromic monitoring system had been established and run in smooth way it played active role in prevention and treatment of the illnesses.
Folding Landscape of Mutant Huntingtin Exon1: Diffusible Multimers, Oligomers and Fibrils, and No Detectable Monomer.

Expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) track of the Huntingtin (HTT) protein above 36 is associated with a sharply enhanced risk of Huntington’s disease (HD). Although there is general agreement that HTT toxicity resides primarily in N-terminal fragments such as the HTT exon1 protein, there is no consensus on the nature of the physical states of HTT exon1 that are induced by polyQ expansion, nor on which of these states might be responsible for toxicity. One hypothesis is that polyQ expansion induces an alternative, toxic conformation in the HTT exon1 monomer. Alternative hypotheses posit that the toxic species is one of several possible aggregated states. Defining the nature of the toxic species is particularly challenging because of facile interconversion between physical states as well as challenges to identifying these states, especially in vivo. Here we describe the use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to characterize the detailed time and repeat length dependent self-association of HTT exon1-like fragments both with chemically synthesized peptides in vitro and with cell-produced proteins in extracts and in living cells. We find that, in vitro, mutant HTT exon1 peptides engage in polyQ repeat length dependent dimer and tetramer formation, followed by time dependent formation of diffusible spherical and fibrillar oligomers and finally by larger, sedimentable amyloid fibrils. For expanded polyQ HTT exon1 expressed in PC12 cells, monomers are absent, with tetramers being the smallest molecular form detected, followed in the incubation time course by small, diffusible aggregates at 6–9 hours and larger, sedimentable aggregates that begin to build up at 12 hrs. In these cell cultures, significant nuclear DNA damage appears by 6 hours, followed at later times by caspase 3 induction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. Our data thus defines limits on the sizes and concentrations of different physical states of HTT exon1 along the reaction profile in the context of emerging cellular distress. The data provide some new candidates for the toxic species and some new reservations about more well-established candidates. Compared to other known markers of HTT toxicity, nuclear DNA damage appears to be a relatively early pathological event.
Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis Strains: Modern Hospital Pathogens

The international recognition of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as major nosocomial pathogens dates to the late 1970s. The weight of evidence from many institutions suggests that transmission involves spread from patient to patient of the same or very similar strain and that effective control, if not elimination, involves isolation of infected and colonized patients. More recently, a number of reports have suggested the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci as significant nosocomial pathogens. Although the organisms undoubtedly share many similarities with methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus , it is certain that biologic differences exist which are important for infection control.
Ethical dilemmas and solutions for risk assessment scientists.

A sample survey of U.S. scientists who belong to the Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) was made to ascertain their observations of unethical behavior in the workplace and their opinions of the likely success of programs to prevent misconduct. SRA, an international organization with almost 1,700 U.S. members, includes toxicologists, epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, engineers, and social scientists, as well as experts in exposure assessment, statistics, and risk communications. Respondents reported relatively low rates of clearly unethical acts such as data destruction and fabrication (7%); however, 21% reported at least one observation of plagiarism. Reporting of other problematic behaviors ranged from less than 4% for human subjects violations to 51% observing deliberate overstatement of positive and deliberate understatement of negative results. SRA members did not think that government intervention would be effective in reducing misconduct. They were more supportive of formal education, seminars, videotapes, and a hotline that could be called for advice. We offer suggestions to ISEA and its members for developing a proactive approach to ethical misconduct.
Curt von Faber du Faur, German Baroque Literature: A Catalogue of the Collection in the Yale University Library, Volume 2: New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1969. Pp. 185

(1973). Curt von Faber du Faur, German Baroque Literature: A Catalogue of the Collection in the Yale University Library, Volume 2. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 321-322.
Special Considerations for Evaluation and Treatment of Spanish-Speaking Patients with Cleft Palate

As the Spanish-speaking population in the United States continues to grow, there is increasing need for culturally competent and linguistically appropriate treatment across the field of speech-lang...
ENDOCHRONIC THEORY OF INELASTICITY AND FAILURE OF CONCRETE

A gradual accumulation of inelastic strain can be most conveniently described in terms of the so-called intrinsic time, whose increment depends on the time increment as well as the strain increments, and was previously developed for metals and is extended herein to concrete. It is demonstrated that the proposed model predicts quite closely: (1)Stress-strain diagrams for concretes of different strength; (2)uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial stress-strain diagrams and failure envelopes; (3)failure envelopes for combined torsion and compression; (4)lateral strains and volume expansion in uniaxial and biaxial tests; (5)the behavior of spirally confined concrete; (6) hysteresis loops for repeated high compression; (7)cyclic creep up to 10 6 cycles; (8)the strain rate effect; (9)the decrease of long time strength; and (10)the increase of short-time strength due to low stress creep.
Make to learn: invention through emulation

The Make to Learn coalition was established to identify effective pedagogical approaches for employing makerspaces for educational innovation in schools. The Make to Learn coalition is anchored by the Make to Learn Laboratory in the Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia and the Laboratory School for Advanced Manufacturing in the Charlottesville City Schools, working in collaboration with the Joseph Henry project at Princeton University, advanced manufacturing programs at Midlands Technical College, and the Smithsonian Institution. This paper describes a key consortium initiative, American Innovations in an Age of Discovery. Participating students use school makerspaces to reconstruct working models of transformational inventions. The reconstruction process is grounded in a method employed by historic inventors, invention through emulation. The benefits of this approach, updated to take advantage of modern technologies, are discussed in the context of maker education.
Adrenal Metastasectomy in the Presence and Absence of Extraadrenal Metastatic Disease.

OBJECTIVE To determine if there are differences in overall survival (OS) or event-free survival (EFS) in patients with and without concomitant extra-adrenal metastases undergoing adrenal metastasectomy. BACKGROUND There is growing interest in the use of local therapies in patients with oligometastatic disease. Previously published series have indicated that long-term survival is possible with resection. Adrenalectomy has been used to treat adrenal metastases in select patients. METHODS Patients who underwent adrenal metastasectomy from 1994 to 2015 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database of adrenalectomy patients, excluding adrenalectomies due to tumor extension or for palliation. Sites of disease, treatment history, and survival data were extracted from chart review. RESULTS One hundred seventy-four patients were included. Tumor histology included 68 nonsmall cell lung cancer, 34 renal cancer, 18 colorectal cancer, 11 melanoma cancer, 10 hepatocellular cancer, 8 sarcoma cancer, and 25 other cancers. The median follow-up among survivors was 5.2 (1-21) years. OS at 3 and 5 years was 50% and 40%, respectively. Patients with (n = 83) and without (n = 91) extra-adrenal metastases did not differ with respect to age, adrenal tumor size, or margin status. Median OS (3.3 years for patients with concomitant extra-adrenal metastases and 3.0 years for patients with isolated adrenal metastases; P = 0.816) and EFS (9.39 vs 9.59 months; P = 0.87) were similar. Factors negatively associated with OS included adrenal tumor size (P < 0.01), renal primary versus other (P < 0.01), and adrenal margin status (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In selected patients undergoing adrenal metastasectomy, there were no significant differences in OS or EFS between patients with and without concomitant extra-adrenal metastases.
Photochemistry of Halogenated Molecules Adsorbed on Ag(111)

The UV photodissociation of several halogen-containing molecules, adsorbed on Ag{111}, is described. Attention is focused on Cl2CO.
Multi-Period Lot-Sizing with Stationary Demand: Extension to Forecast Horizons

This chapter considers the multi-period lot-sizing problem with stationary demands in the initial few periods and possibly dynamic demands in the subsequent periods. Both the average cost and the discounted cost problems are considered. Also, both finite and infinite-horizon problems are considered. The results presented in this chapter include properties of optimal solutions for these problems, efficient algorithms for solving these, and the forecast horizon property. Most of the results in the chapter are based on the research done by the authors of this chapter and their co-authors over the past three decades. An attempt has been made to make the review in the chapter largely complete and self contained and proofs have been simplified where possible.
Coverage Evaluation and Analysis of Post-Silicon Tests with Virtual Prototypes

High-quality tests for post-silicon validation should be ready before a silicon device becomes available in order to save time spent on preparing, debugging, and fixing tests after the device is available. Thorough analysis of post-silicon validation tests should be conducted early even without a silicon device. We propose an approach to coverage evaluation and analysis of post-silicon validation tests. Test coverage is an important metric for evaluating the quality and readiness of post-silicon tests. We propose an online-capture offline-replay approach to coverage evaluation of post-silicon validation tests with virtual prototypes for estimating silicon device test coverage. We first capture necessary data from a concrete execution of the virtual prototype within a virtual platform under a given test, and then compute the test coverage by efficiently replaying this execution offline on the virtual prototype itself. Our approach provides early feedback on quality of post-silicon validation tests before silicon is ready. To ensure fidelity of early coverage evaluation, our approach has been further extended to support coverage evaluation and conformance checking in the post-silicon stage. Moreover, we propose a runtime analysis approach to monitor and analyze device behaviors triggered by post-silicon tests. We developed a shadow execution framework to execute a virtual prototype in a shadow environment while device behaviors can be well observed and debugged. Such shadow execution does not change normal execution flow; however, it provides capability for developers to observe any device transaction and state changes. We have applied our approach to evaluate a suite of common tests on virtual prototypes of five network adapters. Our approach was able to better help developers observe device behaviors triggered by the tests, and reliably estimate that this suite achieves high functional coverage on all five silicon devices.
Parenting infants: the role of mothers’ perceptions of how they were parented

This study investigated women’s perceptions of caring and control in their fathers versus their mothers in relation to specific ways in which they interacted with their infants during freeplay. Par...
Use of a Digital Non-Foster Radio Architecture for Conventional Tuning of Electrically-Small Antennas

Prior investigations of digital non-Foster antenna tuning have pointed out the similarity between these systems and SDR (software-defined radio) systems, where the SDR receiver ADC (analog-to-digital converter) and SDR DAC (digital-to-analog converter) can serve corresponding digital non-Foster circuit roles. In previous investigations, the particular focus has been on using digital non-Foster antenna impedance matching methods to overcome Wheeler-Chu limits of electrically-small antennas. However, the digital non-Foster radio architecture can also provide digital implementation of conventional impedance matching of electrically-small antennas. The advantage is that the impedance matching is accomplished in software without the need for external matching circuitry, allowing digital tuning of the antenna to desired frequency bands. Although such conventional impedance matching would not provide the bandwidth enhancement of non-Foster matching, it may be useful in providing some degree of preselection filtering for narrowband applications. Simulation results illustrate the proposed digital impedance-matching approach, and are compared to a conventional passively-matched electrically -small antenna at 75 MHz.
The applicability of model order reduction based on proper orthogonal decomposition to problems in dynamic thermoelasticity with multiple subdomains

AbstractA robust proper orthogonal decomposition technique is applied to develop reduced-order models (ROMs) for time-dependent thermal stress problems that are arbitrarily discretized with multiple sub-domains to provide flexibility and generality in the sense that different spatial methods and different time integration algorithms can be employed in a single analysis. This approach enables large computational savings for model problems with either/both transient thermal and dynamic structural effects by reducing the degrees of freedom with minimal losses to accuracy. The method of snapshots is used to construct a reduced-order basis from a short training simulation of the full-order model (FOM) which selectively preserves only the relevant physical characteristics of the solution. The approach is described in detail for both first- and second-order ordinary differential equations and differential algebraic equations, such as arising from problems with multiple sub-domains, and the solution of the FOM an...
Improving Rates and Referrals of Developmental and Mental Health Screening at Well Child Visits

Background: Developmental and mental health conditions have been on the rise over the last several years with an increase in prevalence to 1 in 5 children. Only 50% of children with these issues are being identified and referred and an even smaller number follow through with obtaining appropriate services. Barriers to developmental and mental health services include lack of time in the office to screen patients, paucity of providers in the area, as well as affordability of the services needed. Our Pediatric …
The carbonic anhydrase activity of sinking and suspended particles in the North Pacific Ocean

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) is crucial to many physiological processes involving CO₂, from photosynthesis and respiration, to calcification and CaCO₃ dissolution. We present new measurements of CA activity along a North Pacific transect, on samples from in situ pumps, sediment traps, discreet plankton samples from the ship's underway seawater line, plankton tows, and surface sediment samples from multicores. CA activity is highest in the surface ocean and decreases with depth, both in suspended and sinking particles. Subpolar gyre surface particles exhibit 10× higher CA activity per liter of seawater compared to subtropical gyre surface particles. Activity persists to 4700 m in the subpolar gyre, but only to 1000 m in the subtropics. All sinking CA activity normalized to particulate organic carbon (POC) follows a single relationship (CA/POC = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 10⁻⁷ mol mol⁻¹). This relationship is consistent with CA/POC values in subpolar plankton tow material, suspended particles, and core top sediments. We hypothesize that most subpolar CA activity is associated with rapidly sinking diatom blooms, consistent with a large mat of diatomaceous material identified on the seafloor. Compared to the basin‐wide sinking CA/POC relationship, a lower subtropical CA/POC suggests that the inventory of subtropical biomass is different in composition from exported material. Pteropods also demonstrate substantial CA activity. Scaled to the volume within pteropod shells, first‐order CO₂ hydration rate constants are elevated ≥ 1000× above background. This kinetic enhancement is large enough to catalyze carbonate dissolution within microenvironments, providing observational evidence for CA‐catalyzed, respiration‐driven CaCO₃ dissolution in the shallow North Pacific.
Detailed magnetic resonance imaging measurements of a contaminant dispersed in an Oklahoma City model

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging techniques were used to collect time-averaged three-component velocity and concentration data across a scaled model of 2003 Oklahoma City. The experiments included the release of a passive scalar designed to mimic the field tests of the Joint Urban 2003 (JU03) study conducted at the same site and provide measurements throughout the entire three-dimensional domain in nearly 10 million locations. The flow was in a fully turbulent water channel with a Reynolds number of 36,000 based on the channel hydraulic diameter. The geometrically similar cityscape was on the bottom wall of the channel. A low-momentum injector was designed to release the contaminant at the intersection of Broadway and Main street – a location that closely matches the Intense Observation Period 8 of JU03, which has been previously examined in several studies. Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry (MRV) and Magnetic Resonance Concentration (MRC) techniques measured the time averaged field with experimental uncertainties of 5.5% and 4% respectively, providing a candidate validation data set for atmospheric flow models. The inflow velocity boundary condition was measured at the inlet plane of the test section. Detailed analysis is provided of the flow field and concentration distribution, focusing on major features in the downtown area. In addition, a comparison with the available field test data near surface locations is conducted. The measurements are believed to be amongst the first of their kind and suggest that MRV/MRC techniques may be an effective means to study the flow and scalar dispersion within urban environments.
Beyond the Surgical Time-Out: A National Needs Assessment of Preoperative Communication in US General Surgery Residency Programs.

Objective Perioperative communication is critical for procedural learning. In order to develop a periprocedural faculty development tool, we aimed to characterize the current status of preoperative communication in US General Surgery residency programs. Design After Association of Program Directors in Surgery approval, a survey was distributed to general surgery programs. Participants were asked about perioperative communication, including the frequency of preoperative briefings, defined as dedicated educational discussions prior to a procedure. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Setting An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to interested programs in early 2019. Participants US General Surgery trainees and attending surgeons. Results A total of 348 responses were recorded from 27 programs: 199 (57%) attending surgeons and 149 (43%) surgical trainees. Most respondents (83%) were from a university-affiliated program. Attending surgeons indicated a higher frequency of performing preoperative briefings compared to trainees (p Conclusions Preoperative briefings are not necessarily routine and attendings and trainees differ on their perceptions related to their content and frequency. Efforts to address timing and scheduling and encourage dual-party engagement in perioperative communication are key to the development of tools to enhance this important aspect of procedural learning.
Webs of five-branes and = 2 superconformal field theories

We describe configurations of 5-branes and 7-branes which realize, when compactified on a circle, new isolated four-dimensional = 2 superconformal field theories recently constructed by Gaiotto. Our diagrammatic method allows to easily count the dimensions of Coulomb and Higgs branches, with the help of a generalized s-rule. We furthermore show that superconformal field theories with E6,7,8 flavor symmetry can be analyzed in a uniform manner in this framework; in particular we realize these theories at infinitely strongly-coupled limits of quiver theories with SU gauge groups.
Ontology-based Document Recommendation System using Topic Modeling

For now, most search engines have limitations on finding the most suitable results from documents at a semantic level. This paper aims to provide users with more accurate document search results not only at a syntactic level but also on a semantic level. For example, when a user searches “coffee” on Amazon, does the user only want coffee? Coffee is a kind of functional drink, the user may also want to know other functional drinks such as tea or Redbull. Coffee helps people stay awake, the user may just want something to help him/her stay awake or focused. In this project, document data from a question-and-answer website called Stack Exchange is analyzed and compared by using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) topic modeling algorithm. After completing topic modeling, using an ontology built with Protege, data is further processed at a semantic level. We utilize the ontology rules and instances to optimize the search results.
Calculating Reliable Gibbs Free Energies for Formation of Gas-Phase Clusters that Are Critical for Atmospheric Chemistry: (H2SO4)3.

The effects of atmospheric aerosols on our climate are one of the biggest uncertainties in global climate models. Calculating the pathway for the formation of pre-nucleation clusters that become ae...
Predicting risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis using multimodality imaging and personalized heart modeling in a multivariable classifier

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), an inflammatory disease characterized by formation of granulomas in the heart, is associated with high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) from ventricular arrhythmias. Current "one-size-fits-all" guidelines for SCD risk assessment in CS result in insufficient appropriate primary prevention. Here, we present a two-step precision risk prediction technology for patients with CS. First, a patient's arrhythmogenic propensity arising from heterogeneous CS-induced ventricular remodeling is assessed using a novel personalized magnetic-resonance imaging and positron-emission tomography fusion mechanistic model. The resulting simulations of arrhythmogenesis are fed, together with a set of imaging and clinical biomarkers, into a supervised classifier. In a retrospective study of 45 patients, the technology achieved testing results of 60% sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI): 57-63%], 72% specificity [95% CI: 70-74%], and 0.754 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [95% CI: 0.710-0.797]. It outperformed clinical metrics, highlighting its potential to transform CS risk stratification.
Executive Profile: Sam Zell

Excerpt] In October 2007, Sam Zell was the keynote speaker at the Cornell Real Estate Conference, aptly titled “Real Estate Titans.” Zell, equally well-known for his ebullient personage and his contrarian investment philosophy, had recently completed the now legendary EOP sale to Blackstone, and was moving toward closing the deal for the Tribune Co.