cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contact stomatitis resulting from the use of orthodontic rubber elastics: report of case

Contact stomatitis developed in a 16-year-old orthodontic patient after latex elastics had been applied. Contact stomatitis developed in a 16-year-old orthodontic patient several days after latex elastics had been applied. This allergic reaction had not developed before when the patient had worn the same elastic bands. The previous exposure seemed to have sensitized the patient.
Poster Abstract: Getting Out of the Way -- Safety Verification without Compromise

The intelligent transportation systems problems of adaptive cruise control and variable timing for traffic intersection signals are explored with emphasis on verification of safety properties.
VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES IN SYNOVIAL FLUIDS FROM PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Based on the elevated expression of oncogenes in proliferating transformed-appearing synoviocytes we searched for the possible involvement of a viral agent in the pathogenesis of RA. We report the detection of virus-like particles with retroviral C type morphology in SF, which lack the typical morphologic as well as immunohistochemical features of the human T-lymphotropic and immunodeficiency viruses.
Design considerations for feedback amplifiers

Circuit design concepts for negative feedback amplifiers are discussed. Preferred circuit architecture for the minimization of transient and static distortions is presented. A discussion of the application of these concepts to audio power amplifiers and phonograph preamplifiers is given.
Stationary state volume fluctuations in a granular medium.

A statistical description of static granular material requires ergodic sampling of the phase space spanned by the different configurations of the particles. We periodically fluidize a column of glass beads and find that the sequence of volume fractions $\ensuremath{\phi}$ of postfluidized states is history independent and Gaussian distributed about a stationary state. The standard deviation of $\ensuremath{\phi}$ exhibits, as a function of $\ensuremath{\phi}$, a minimum corresponding to a maximum in the number of statistically independent regions. Measurements of the fluctuations enable us to determine the compactivity $X$, a temperaturelike state variable introduced in the statistical theory of Edwards and Oakeshott [Physica A 157, 1080 (1989)].
A novel approach to Doppler compensation and estimation for multiple targets in MIMO radar with unitary waveform matrix scheduling

In this paper, we present a method of detecting the range and Doppler phase of a point target using multiple antennas. As a key illustrative example, we consider a 4 × 4 system employing a unitary matrix waveform set, e.g., formed from Golay complementary sequences. When a non-negligible Doppler shift is induced by the target motion, the waveform matrix formed from the complementary sequences is no longer unitary, resulting in significantly degraded target range estimates. To solve this problem, we adopt a subspace based approach exploiting the observation that the receive matrix formed from matched filtering of the reflected waveforms has a (non-trivial) null-space. Through processing of the waveforms with the appropriate vector from the null-space, we can significantly improve the range detection performance. Also, another very important target aspect is the velocity with which the target is moving, and to determine that, the exact Doppler phase shift induced by the target motion needs to be estimated with reasonable accuracy. To accomplish this task, we develop a strategy that uses the MUSIC algorithm to estimate the Doppler phase, and we use simulations to show that the phase estimates obtained are reasonably accurate even at low SNRs.
Source technologies for extreme ultraviolet lithography

Summary form only given. Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is being developed for the production of integrated circuits with critical dimension (CD) 0.1 /spl mu/m EUVL employs all-reflective projection optical systems at exposure wavelengths in the 11-13 nm spectral region. An overview of EUVL is presented, and recent progress in the most demanding component technologies is summarized. One of these components is the source, which must produce 30-40 W of inband EUV radiation without damaging nearby condenser optical elements.
Left ventricular hemodynamics in mitral stenosis.

Abstract Seventeen patients with mitral stenosis were studied by right and left cardiac catheterization. Pressure tracings, intracardiac phonocardiograms, cardiac outputs and valve areas were determined; several measurements were made. The data indicate that: (1) the first sound is delayed; (2) following an initial slow rise, the rate of rise of pressure of the left ventricle is sharply increased; and (3) the rate of rise is increased in the right ventricle also. The increase of the maximal rate of rise of ventricular pressure in pure mitral stenosis is explained by the lack of early systolic bulging of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium and by the fact that closure of the mitral valve occurs during left ventricular contraction, not before it, as in normal subjects. On the basis of simultaneous intracardiac phonocardiograms in the left and right ventricles, it is suggested that the right ventricle contributes little to the first heart sound, as recorded from the surface of the chest, even in cases with mitral stenosis. It is further shown that a decrease in stroke volume will increase the duration of the Q-I interval and decrease the duration of the Q-IIa interval.
Pediatric Oncology: Model Tumors of Unparalleled Import

Molecular studies of tumors arising during childhood have provided insights important for our understanding of the genetic and cellular events that now seem likely to mediate the development of many different malignancies. Of particular interest have been recent studies using recombinant DNA technology to study the pressure genetic alterations now thought to be central features of oncogenesis. Oncogenes and recessive cancer genes, first recognized to be of clinical importance during the study of Burkitt's lymphoma and retinoblastoma, are now thought to play a role in the development of most, if not all, tumors. Studies to identify more effective approaches to cancer prevention, detection, staging, and treatment are now seeking to build upon an understanding of those genetic alterations. It can be expected that pediatric oncology will once again play a pivotal role as these studies mature into clinical trials.
Sensor signal processing for IVHS applications

Accurate and wide-area estimates of vehicle velocity and traffic spatial and temporal densities will be essential components of future algorithms for freeway and arterial street control, for incident prediction and detection, and for optimization in route selection. Algorithms like these figure prominently in the current research and development of intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS). This paper presents an approach to a class of vehicle monitoring problems which is based upon a video backbone sensor and multiple target tracking (MTT). The method allows the integration of measurements made from other sensors like inductive loops, microwave radars, and laser range profilers.
Cost-effective IR-drop failure identification and yield recovery through a failure-adaptive test scheme

Ever-increasing test mode IR-drop results in a significant amount of defect-free chips failing at-speed testing. The lack of a systematic IR-drop failure identification technique engenders a highly increased failure analysis time/cost and significant yield loss. In this paper, we propose a failure-adaptive test scheme that enables a fast differentiation of the IR-drop induced failure from the actual defects of the chip. The proposed technique debugs the failing chips using low IR-drop vectors that are custom-generated from the observed faulty response. Since these special vectors are designed in such a way that all the actual defects captured by the original vectors are still manifestable, their application can clearly pinpoint whether the root cause of failure is IR-drop or not, thus eliminating reliance on an intrusive debugging process that incurs quite a high cost. Such a test scheme further enables effective yield recovery from failing chips by passing the ones validated by the debugging vectors whose IR-drop level matches the functional mode. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme delivers a significant IR-drop reduction in the second test (debugging) phase, thus enabling a highly effective IR-drop failure identification and yield recovery at a slightly increased test cost.
Complement Expression in the Retina is not Influenced by Short-term Pressure Elevation

Purpose: To determine whether short-term pressure elevation affects complement gene expression in the retina in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Muller cell (TR-MUL5) cultures and organotypic retinal cultures from adult mice and monkeys were subjected to either 24-h or 72-h of pressure at 0, 15, 30, and 45 mmHg above ambient. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to microbead-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation for 7 days. RNA and protein were extracted and used for analysis of expression levels of complement component genes and complement component 1, q subcomponent (C1q) and complement factor H (CFH) immunoblotting. Results: mRNA levels of complement genes and C1q protein levels in Muller cell cultures remained the same for all pressure levels after exposure for either 24 or 72 h. In primate and murine organotypic cultures, pressure elevation did not produce changes in complement gene expression or C1q and CFH protein levels at either the 24-h or 72-h time points. Pressure-related glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA expression changes were detected in primate retinal organotypic cultures (analysis of variance [ANOVA]; p 0.05 for both) with contralateral control and naive control eyes. Conclusions: Short-term elevation of pressure in vitro as well as short-term (1 week) IOP elevation in vivo does not seem to dramatically alter complement system gene expression in the retina. Prolonged expression to elevated pressure may be necessary to affect the complement system expression.
ADMINISTRATIVE FOXES IN EDUCATIONAL CHICKEN COOPS: An Examination of the Critique of Judicial Activism in School Desegregation Cases

Recent arguments against the use of the courts as a route for fashioning and implementing complex school desegregation plans are evaluated in light of the experiences of one district where the courts and federal government did not assume an active role. The political consequences of nonenforcement are explored as are the methods employed by school officials to maintain their control over educational policy-making. On the basis of this evidence, the author argues that an assertive judiciary is necessary, if desegregation policies and procedural reforms are to be successfully introduced.
The high-resolution crystal structure of human LCAT

LCAT is intimately involved in HDL maturation and is a key component of the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway which removes excess cholesterol molecules from the peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion. Patients with loss-of-function LCAT mutations exhibit low levels of HDL cholesterol and corneal opacity. Here we report the 2.65 A crystal structure of the human LCAT protein. Crystallization required enzymatic removal of N-linked glycans and complex formation with a Fab fragment from a tool antibody. The crystal structure reveals that LCAT has an α/β hydrolase core with two additional subdomains that play important roles in LCAT function. Subdomain 1 contains the region of LCAT shown to be required for interfacial activation, while subdomain 2 contains the lid and amino acids that shape the substrate binding pocket. Mapping the naturally occurring mutations onto the structure provides insight into how they may affect LCAT enzymatic activity.
Neutralization capacities of buffer solutions11Contribution No. 827

Abstract It is of interest to those who use buffers to know just how much acid or base a buffer can absorb before a given pH change occurs. A rapid and reliable technique for obtaining this information is presented.
Regulation of noradrenergic receptor systems in brain that are coupled to adenylate cyclase.

The current status of regulation of norepinephrine (NE) receptor systems in brain that are coupled to adenylate cyclase is briefly reviewed. The availability of NE and the formation of the NE receptor complex is one prerequisite for the regulation of both the sensitivity of the system and the density of its β-adrenoceptor population. Serotonergic neuronal input is corequired with NE for the down-regulation of the number of β-adrenoceptors, which in the absence of serotonergic input, show a marked decrease in agonist affinity. Steroid hormones influence either the sensitivity of the NE receptor system (adrenocorticoids) or the biological responsiveness and the density of β-adrenoceptors (sex steroids) while preliminary data indicate that 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine can convert a “DMI resistant” to a “DMI responsive” receptor system. The complex neurohormonal and endocrine regulation of the biological responsiveness of NE receptor systems, the number of receptors and the efficacy of their coupling to adenylate cyclase appear to represent control mechanisms for the intensity of signal transfer.
Outcomes of Prostate Biopsy in Men with Hypogonadism Prior or During Testosterone Replacement Therapy.

Introduction: The relationship between Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) and prostate cancer remains controversial. Most TRT studies show no change in prostate specific antigen (PSA) but some men do have PSA rise or develop an abnormal digital rectal exam (aDRE). Our objective was to examine the biopsy results of men with symptomatic hypogonadism before or during therapy. Materials and Methods: Data was extracted from our medical record on men with hypogonadism who had a prostate biopsy within the past 4 years done by 3 Urologists with guideline driven practice patterns. Results: 96 men were identified. Mean age at biopsy was 63 (range 40–85) and median PSA was 3.78ng/dL (0.5–662). Of the 61 men not on TRT, median PSA was 4.34 (0.5 to 662) and mean total testosterone 254 (191–341). There were 29 (47.5%) prostate cancers found (6 Gleason score 6, 13 Gleason score 7, 10 Gleason score 8 or 9). Of the 35 men on TRT, median PSA was 3.27 (0.5 to 13.7). The %PSA increase ranged from 2 to 251% (mean 93.5%). Mean total testosterone was 383 (146–792). Of the 14 men treated < 2 years, none had cancer. Of the 21 men treated 2 or more years 5 had cancer (2 Gleason score 6, 3 Gleason score 7). Conclusions: Men with hypogonadism and a clinical indication for biopsy often have prostate cancer, many high grade. No men with an initial PSA rise on TRT had cancer. Men on long term TRT should be monitored with PSA and DRE per guidelines.
Emergent Carotid Stenting After Thrombectomy in Patients With Tandem Lesions.

A 68-year-old diabetic woman presents to the emergency department 1 hour after right-sided hemiplegia and global aphasia. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score is 21; Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASEPCTS) on computed tomographic scan is 8; and computed tomographic angiography shows severe left internal carotid artery stenosis and proximal left M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion (tandem lesion). She is treated with intravenous tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) and is being considered for endovascular intervention. Would you consider a left internal carotid artery stenting immediately after successful thrombectomy (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI]-3)? If so, when do you start dual-antiplatelet therapy? Emergent carotid stenting after thrombectomy in patients with tandem lesions. ### Daniel Behme I would always go for stenting of the internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis because the clot in the middle cerebral artery was likely caused by the stenosis. Therefore, acute stenting in combination with thrombectomy allows for treatment of the symptomatic middle cerebral artery occlusion and the suspected cause of the stroke, the severe ICA stenosis, simultaneously. More importantly, I would never refuse to provide endovascular therapy (EVT) because of an underlying tandem lesion. The data of the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in The Netherlands) have shown that patients having tandem occlusions benefit from EVT.1 This was also true for the other randomized trials, which are summarized in the HERMES meta-analysis (Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke trials).2 Immediate stenting is thereby justified for 2 reasons. First, the ICA stenosis is obviously symptomatic and therefore should be considered for stenting or surgical treatment according to the current recommendations anyway.3 Second, it is much easier to perform intracranial thrombectomy if one can place a large guiding catheter or a femoral long sheath distally in the ICA …
Molecular Taxonomy of Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using Disease-Associated Genes.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Despite intensive research, the origin and progression of ALS remain largely unknown, suggesting that the traditional clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies might not be adequate to completely capture the molecular complexity underlying the disease. In our previous work, comprehensive genomic profiling of 41 motor cortex samples enabled to discriminate control from sporadic ALS patients and segregated these latter in two distinct subgroups, each associated with different deregulated genes and pathways. Interestingly, some deregulated genes in sporadic ALS were previously associated to familiar ALS, indicating shared pathogenic mechanisms between the two forms of the disease. In the present study, we performed cluster analysis on the same whole-genome expression profiles using a restricted (203) subset of genes extensively implicated in monogenic forms of ALS. Surprisingly, this short and unbiased gene list was sufficiently representative to allow the accurate separation of SALS patients from controls and the stratification of SALS patients into two molecularly distinct subgroups. Overall, our findings support the existence of a molecular taxonomy for ALS and represent a further step towards the establishment of a molecular-based diagnosis and patient-tailored therapies.
Wire and arc additive manufactured steel: Tensile and wear properties

Abstract The present study systematically investigated the mechanical properties of wire-based (wire and arc additive manufacturing, known as WAAM) deposition of steel metals, both stainless steel 304 and mild steel ER70S. Graded material properties of stainless steel 304 were observed for wear and hardness in the direction of deposition and in Z height, due to variations in local thermal histories of the metal. Wear rates decreased significantly (p = 5.6 × 10 −12 by one-way ANOVA) along the length of the deposited material, from K = 2.62 x 10 −5 mm 3 /N m (+/− 2.32 x 10 −6 mm 3 /N m), to K = 0.63 mm3 x 10 −5 mm3/N m (+/−3.08 x 10-6 mm 3 /N m), whereas microhardness values increased significantly (p ∼ 0 by one-way ANOVA) along the same path from μ = 202.3 HV and σ = 5.82 HV to 210.9 HV and σ = 5.91 HV. The yield and ultimate strength, however, were not found to be statistically significantly different (p = 0.55) along the direction of deposition for SS304. During wear testing, a grain refinement was observed directly beneath the wear scar in these materials in a focused ion beam channel observed under scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, no significant difference in yield strength was observed in printed mild steel (ER70S) between vertical and horizontal specimens. The observed graded mechanical properties in stainless steel 304 allow the opportunity for varying the processing conditions to design parts with locally optimized or functionally graded mechanical properties.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Dramatically Affect the Fruit Metabolome of Exposed Tomato Plants

Here, we reported that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) added to hydroponics system can enhance fruit production of exposed tomato plants. We quantified the exact amount of MWCNT accumulated inside of fruits collected by MWCNT-exposed plants using an advanced microwave induced heating technique (MIH). We found that absorption of MWCNT by tomato fruits significantly affected total fruit metabolome as was confirmed by LC-MS. Our data highlight the importance of comprehensive toxicological risk assessment of plants contaminated with carbon nanomaterials.
Usefulness of a Simple Algorithm to Identify Hypertensive Patients Who Benefit from Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering

Large randomized trials have provided inconsistent evidence regarding the benefit of intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering in hypertensive patients. Identifying which patients derive a higher net benefit is essential in informing clinical decision-making. We used patient-level data from 2 trials that tested intensive versus standard BP lowering, Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) and Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD), to assess whether stratification by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk will identify patients with a more favorable risk-benefit profile for intensive BP lowering. Within SPRINT, we selected a subset of patients at the extremes of major adverse cardiovascular event rates to develop a decision tree using recursive partitioning modeling. We then validated its predictive effects in the remaining ‘intermediate’ SPRINT subset (n = 8,357) and externally in ACCORD (n = 2,258). Recursive partitioning produced a 3-variable decision tree model consisting of age ≥74 years, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio ≥34, and history of clinical CVD. It classified 48.6% of SPRINT and 55.3% of ACCORD patients as “high-risk.” Compared with standard treatment, intensive BP lowering was associated with lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular event in this high-risk population in both SPRINT cross-validation data (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52 to 0.85) and ACCORD (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.90), but not in the remaining low-risk patients (SPRINT: HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.25; ACCORD: HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.83). Additionally, intensive BP lowering did not confer an excess risk of serious adverse events in the high-risk group. In conclusion, this simple risk prediction model consisting of age, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, and clinical CVD history successfully identified a subset of hypertensive patients who derived a more favorable risk-benefit profile for intensive BP lowering.
Advances in the Study of Incompatibility

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the advances in the study of incompatibility. The genotype of the sporophyte, rather than that of the gametophyte, determines the incompatibility reaction of the pollen in the sporophytic homomorphic type of incompatibility. Temperature has been one of the variables in incompatibility studies for many years. The effect of temperature on the pollen tube growth of compatible and incompatible matings varies with the species. Controlled environmental chambers have assisted materially in studying the effect of temperature on the compatibility reaction. The biochemical nature of incompatibility has received considerable impetus in relatively recent years. Increased activity in this very important area has paralleled the advent of more sophisticated instrumentation in the field of biochemistry.
Novikov Inequalities for Vector Fields

A. Let M be a compact closed connected C ∞ manifold, dim M = n. Let υ be a C ∞ vector field on M. Consider a singular point of υ, i.e. a point \( \bar x \in M \) such that \( \upsilon (\bar x) = 0 \). In local coordinates x i near \( \bar x \) the vector field υ can be written as $$ \upsilon (x) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\upsilon ^i } (x)\frac{\partial } {{\partial x^i }} $$ (0.1) .
Photodynamic therapy for molluscum contagiosum infection in HIV-coinfected patients: review of 6 patients.

Molluscum contagiosum, a viral disease of the skin, manifests as a smooth-surfaced, firm, and spherical papule with umbilication of the vertex. It commonly presents as multiple lesions, which may be extensive in immunocompromised patients, and may mimic cutaneous tumors in HIV co-infected patients. Infection usually persists for 6 months to 5 years before resolving naturally. Among immune-impaired persons with HIV infection is generally more persistent. To date, single and combination therapies for such patients have been unsatisfactory. Recent observations from a dermatology practice in which 6 patients with HIV and molluscum contagiosum were treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid (Levulan Kerastick) in conjunction with photodynamic therapy suggest clinical benefits; i.e., substantial reduction in lesional count and severity. Additional research is mandated.
Delirium Assessment in Older Adults

Publisher Summary This chapter provides contemporary information regarding the syndrome and its epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and psychosocial interventions. It includes a review of several of the most commonly employed clinical instruments designed to assess delirium and two case studies, to assist with assessing and understanding this complex syndrome. Clinical gerontologists consulting in hospitals and, to a lesser extent, outpatient settings, are likely to encounter delirious elderly patients. Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that is difficult to diagnose. This challenge is particularly concerning given prevalence rates ranging from 12 to 89%, and the many potential consequences of undiagnosed and untreated delirium (e.g., institutionalization, mortality). Although research regarding delirium has increased, measures used to screen for delirium continue to have limitations, including questionable reliability, validity, and clinical utility. Given the challenges with delirium measures, it appears that identification of delirium is a task best addressed from a multidisciplinary approach, perhaps involving physicians, nurses, and psychologists, as well as other medical staff. Assessment should include a thorough review of a patient's medical history and current medical status, and the patient's behavior should be observed over time. The combination of a brief cognitive screening measure and a longitudinally administered behavioral observation checklist is warranted. The clinical gerontologist should give careful consideration to the possibility of delirium before undertaking an extensive cognitive evaluation of an elderly hospital patient. In many cases, it might be best to briefly assess the patient with a carefully chosen delirium instrument, and then recommend that the patient have an extensive cognitive evaluation after stabilization and discharge from the hospital to avoid confounding the effects of dementia and delirium.
The First Comprehensive Program for Opioid Use Disorder in a US Statewide Correctional System.

The article explores the Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC), the first state correctional system to initiate a comprehensive program to screen all individuals for opioid use disorder. Particular focus is given to how the program led to a 12 percent drop in statewide overdose deaths. Additional topics discussed include how the program utilizes medications including methadone and naltrexone, efforts in the state to reduce opioid overdose deaths, and Gina Raimondo, governor of Rhode Island.
A Cost Effective Energy Exchange Strategy to Improve Reliability of Microgrids

This paper proposes a reliability-constrained energy exchange strategy for energy storage devices (ESDs) in microgrids. A minimum energy storage level to reduce supply interruptions is determined based on system average load interruption amounts and durations. In the proposed strategy, the minimum energy storage level is used only during power supply interruptions. A controlled charging/discharging strategy for the dispatchable energy (i.e., an ESD rated capacity minus minimum energy storage level) is introduced to reduce the cost of electricity consumption. In this strategy, the ESDs are charged at low price periods without causing energy deficiency and discharged during high price periods of electricity supply. Owners of ESDs can participate in the electricity market after satisfying their own demand during high price periods. The developed method is demonstrated on a microgrid through several case studies. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the reliability indices. The results of the case studies show that the proposed strategy is effective in both improving the reliability of microgrids and reducing the cost of electricity consumption.
American Muslim Political Participation: Between Diversity and Cohesion

American Muslims’ increased societal salience has led to greater scrutiny of their political and social attitudes. Yet, systematic analyses of this population remain rare and tend to aggregate findings at a level that masks the community's diverse backgrounds and experiences. As a partial corrective, our paper provides a comprehensive demographic analysis of American Muslim political participation. Our conclusions, first, complement previous efforts to elaborate the influence of minority status on the core determinants of political participation. Second, they highlight the differential impact of these determinants within key American Muslim demographic subgroups, revealing the moderating effects of denomination, racial or ethnic background, and gender. As scholars and practitioners seek to better understand Muslims in America, our research suggests that there are myriad circumstances when this community's presumed cohesion gives way to meaningfully diverse perspectives and behaviors.
Abstract P296: Almond Consumption in Cardiovascular Disease: Markov Model and Health Economic Evaluation

Background: Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, with over 630,000 deaths in 2015 and over 140,000 stroke-related deaths in the same year. Our recent meta-analysis foun...
2278 : Identifying causative mutations in Treacher Collins syndrome using iobio

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objective of the study was 2-fold; to identify potentially deleterious alleles in a child with Treacher Collins syndrome, and; to demonstrate the value of the iobio analysis platform for intuitively and rapidly analyzing genomic data. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We used the iobio suite of web-based applications to analyze quality metrics for the sequencing data and called variants for the proband and his parents. We then visually interrogated variants in genes potentially associated with the syndrome in real-time, using the intuitive gene.iobio application. We sought high impact variants that demonstrated a predicted impact on the protein function, and were simultaneously at low allele frequency in the general human population. Variants were also compared against the ClinVar database of known mutations to identify variants that have already been associated with this, or related syndromes in the literature or clinical studies. Finally, the gene.iobio tool allows users to interrogate the primary sequencing data to ensure that no variants had been missed by the primary variant calling pipeline. This analysis pipeline was performed using intuitive web-based apps in real time, and consequently represents a system that is available to users that traditionally are excluded from these analyses. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The iobio suite was used to rapidly assess data quality and interrogate genetic variants for a child with Treacher Collins syndrome. A compound heterozygote consisting of 2 missense alleles in the TCOF1 gene was identified as a compelling pathogenic allele, necessitating further functional investigation. The study helped validate the use of the intuitive iobio tools in such analyses, strengthening the case for greater involvement of medical professionals in data analysis. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The performed analyses demonstrated that the whole genome sequencing data for the family being studied was of a very high quality, although 1 gene demonstrated a local region of almost zero coverage. This ensured that study conclusions can be presented with confidence. A variant associated with Treacher Collins syndrome 1 in ClinVar was uncovered in the TCOF1 gene, however, given it’s benign rating, this variant was not considered further. The most interesting candidate was a compound heterozygote, consisting of 2 missense mutations, also in the TCOF1 gene. These mutations occurred with allele frequencies of 22% and 8% in the general population, and additional molecular and functional studies are currently being pursued.
Four ways to compute the inverse of the complete elliptic integral of the first kind

Abstract The complete elliptic integral of the first kind arises in many applications. This article furnishes four different ways to compute the inverse of the elliptic integral. One motive for this study is simply that the author needed to compute the inverse integral for an application. Another is to develop a case study comparing different options for solving transcendental equations like those in the author’s book (Boyd, 2014). A third motive is to develop analytical approximations, more useful to theorists than mere numbers. A fourth motive is to provide robust “black box” software for computing this function. The first solution strategy is “polynomialization” which replaces the elliptic integral by an exponentially convergent series of Chebyshev polynomials. The transcendental equation becomes a polynomial equation which is easily solved by finding the eigenvalues of the Chebyshev companion matrix. (The numerically ill-conditioned step of converting from the Chebyshev to monomial basis is never necessary). The second approximation is a regular perturbation series, accurate where the modulus is small. The third is a power-and-exponential series that converges over the entire range parameter range, albeit only sub-exponentially in the limit of zero modulus. Lastly, Newton’s iteration is promoted from a local iteration to a global method by a Never-Failing Newton’s Iteration (NFNI) in the form of the exponential of the ratio of a linear function divided by another linear polynomial. A short Matlab implementation is provided, easily translatable into other languages. The Matlab/Newton code is recommended for numerical purposes. The other methods are presented because (i) all are broadly applicable strategies useful for other rootfinding and inversion problems (ii) series and substitutions are often much more useful to theorists than numerical software and (iii) the Never-Failing Newton’s Iteration was discovered only after a great deal of messing about with power series, inverse power series and so on.
Influence of aggregate type and gradation on critical voids in the mineral aggregate in asphalt paving mixtures

The implementation of Superpave has led to concerns with volumetric mix design, in particular, the minimum voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) requirements which are based exclusively on nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS). Achieving the minimum VMA requirement is one of the most dif^cult tasks in Superpave volumetric mix design. Under current specifications, many otherwise sound mixtures are subject to rejection solely on the basis of failing to meet the VMA requirement. The goal of this research was to validate the existing VMA criterion and to see if including additional aggregate factors would improve it. The work was accomplished in three phases: a literature review; extensive laboratory testing; and statistical analysis of test results. The available literature on the development of the minimum VMA criterion is sketchy; the relationship was originally presented without supporting research or data and the suggestion that it would be modified with experience and test data. The literature review also suggested that the tria.xial test was the preferred laboratory test for identifying when a mixture transitions from sound to unsound behavior, i.e., becomes plastic. The laboratory testing involved triaxial testing with the Nottingham Asphalt Tester of 36 mixes with different aggregate properties. ANOVA and linear regression was used to examine the effects of identified aggregate factors on critical state transitions in asphalt paving mixtures and to develop predictive equations. The results clearly demonstrate that the volumetric conditions of an asphalt mixture at the stable/unstable threshold are influenced by a composite measure of the maximum aggregate size and gradation and by aggregate shape and texture. The currently defined VMA criterion, while significant, is seen to be insufficient, by itself, to correctly differentiate sound from unsound mixtures. Based on the laboratory data and statistical analysis, a new paradigm to volumetric mix design is proposed that explicitly accounts for several aggregate factors (gradation, shape, and texture) in predicting the critical VMA of an asphalt paving mixture.
Neutrino quantum kinetics in compact objects

Neutrinos play a critical role of transporting energy and changing the lepton density within corecollapse supernovae and neutron star mergers. The quantum kinetic equations (QKEs) combine the effects of neutrino-matter interactions treated in classical Boltzmann transport with the neutrino flavor-changing effects treated in neutrino oscillation calculations. We present a method for extending existing neutrino interaction rates to full QKE source terms for use in numerical calculations. We demonstrate the effects of absorption and emission by nucleons and nuclei, electron scattering, electron-positron pair annihilation, nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung, neutrino-neutrino scattering. For the first time, we include all these collision terms self-consistently in a simulation of the full isotropic QKEs in conditions relevant to core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers. For our choice of parameters, the long-term evolution of the neutrino distribution function proceeds similarly with and without the oscillation term, though with measurable differences. We demonstrate that electron scattering, nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung processes, and four-neutrino processes dominate flavor decoherence in the protoneutron star (PNS), absorption dominates near the shock, and all of the considered processes except elastic nucleon scattering and neutrino-neutrino processes are relevant in the decoupling region. Finally, we propose an effective decoherence opacity that at most energies predicts decoherence rates to within a factor of 10 in our model PNS and within 20% outside of the PNS.
Behavior Change Counseling of Patients with Substance Use Disorders by Health Professions Students

The purpose of this project was to create an interprofessional substance use disorders (SUDs) course that provided health professions students an opportunity to acquire and apply behavior change counseling skills for patients with SUDs with direct observation, assessment, and feedback. The interprofessional SUDs course was offered five times within one academic year as part of a one-month psychiatry clerkship. The course focused on developing empathy and examining personal bias, behavioral change counseling, and recognition, screening, and treatment of SUDs. Students practiced behavior change counseling during the course and with a SUD patient. A faculty member experienced in behavior change counseling assessed students’ patient counseling using the validated Behavior Change Counseling Index (BECCI). Seventy-eight students from medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social work, and physician assistant programs completed the one-month course. Fifty-three students counseled a SUD patient. Students’ BECCI-rated counseling skills indicated they performed recommended counseling practices and spoke “less than half the time” or “about half the time” when counseling. Ninety-three percent of SUD patients reported a willingness for follow-up care about their substance use after the student-led session with a student. Following participation in an innovative interprofessional SUD course that included behavior change counseling, students demonstrated their ability to apply their skills during training and with a SUD patient. The study demonstrated promising patient outcomes following student counseling.
CT-Guided Seed Localization in the Breast and Axilla

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to review preoperative CT-guided seed localization in the breast and axilla performed at my institution for lesions not visualized on routine mammography an...
An Optimized SM Fault-Tolerant Control Method For MMC-based HVDC Applications

Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are becoming a realistic alternative to the conventional voltage source converters (VSCs) for medium voltage (MV) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications. The MMC topologies utilize a large number of submodules (SMs) cascaded in series per phase arm to achieve desired high voltage levels. These SMs can be as high as 512 to synthesize a very low total harmonic distortion (THD) (e.g. < 0.1%) of the MMC AC side interface voltage. However, malfunction of any SM results in undesirable waveforms, and it may result in unstable operation of the entire MMC system. This paper proposes an optimized SM fault ride-through method and a capacitor voltage balancing (CVB) control for MMC-based HVDC applications. The proposed method can effectively improve the MMC performance and reliability under SM faults. The proposed approach is implemented in the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and MMC support units based on FPGA boards. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently keep the MMC operation as normal and provide satisfactory performance under SM faults.
Reproductive success diminished following mate loss for females but not males in a monogamous rodent.

Abstract The strictly monogamous California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) forms life-long pair bonds and mates exclusively with a single partner. While studies in the wild indicate that individuals may re-pair with a new partner following mate loss, the preponderance of this behavior and subsequent reproductive outcomes following re-pairing are understudied. To examine reproductive outcomes following re-pairing and to look for sex-specific differences following mate loss, birth records of 584 California mouse pairs from our laboratory were analyzed. Of these pairs, 59 pairs were identified as re-pairs and used for further descriptive analysis. We found that 50/59 (84.7 %) of re-paired animals gave birth, indicating that reproduction with a new mate is not only possible, but perhaps more common than previously described for this species. Additionally, we found that when re-paired, females took significantly longer to birth a subsequent litter as compared to original breeding pairs. Overall findings from the current study provide evidence for sex differences in reproductive outcomes following repairing and for greater flexibility in mating strategy for a species described as strictly monogamous.
Cuba: Context and Consequences for the American Empire

Over the course of the twentieth century, the United States left an oversized imprint on the island of Cuba using the successful outcome of the Spanish American War to jump-start its imperial proje...
Preclinical and Toxicology Studies of BRD5529, a Selective Inhibitor of CARD9

Background: Exuberant inflammation during Pneumocystis pneumonia leads to lung injury. CARD9 is a central mediator of inflammatory signaling mediated by C-type lectin receptors. CARD9 inhibitor BRD5529 has been shown to be an effective in vitro inhibitor of Pneumocystis Beta-glucan-induced proinflammatory signaling and downstream TNF-alpha production, suggesting its viability as a candidate for preliminary drug testing as an anti-inflammatory agent in the rodent Pneumocystis pneumonia model (PCP). Methods: To assess for potential toxicity, mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) daily either with vehicle or BRD5529 at 0.1 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg for two weeks. Mouse weights were taken daily. At day 14, mice were euthanized, weighed, and analyzed by flexiVent for lung stiffness. Lungs, liver, and kidney were then harvested for H&E staining and pathology scoring. Lung samples were further analyzed for proinflammatory cytokines via ELISA and extracellular matrix generation via quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Blood collection postmortem was performed for blood chemistry analysis. Results: BRD5529 at both doses of IP administration resulted in no significant changes in daily or final weight gain. Analysis of lung stiffness by flexiVent showed no significant differences between the control or treated groups. Furthermore, ELISA results for proinflammatory IL-1 Beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha showed no major differences in the respective groups. qPCR analysis of extracellular matrix transcripts collagen type I, alpha 1 (Col1a1) and fibronectin (Fn) were statically similar as well in the treated and control groups. Examination and pathology scoring of H&E slides from lung, liver, and kidney from the each of the mice in all groups and subsequent pathology scoring showed no significant change. Blood chemistry analysis revealed similar, non-significant patterns. Conclusions: BRD5529 in our initial general safety and toxicology assessments displayed no inherent safety concerns in the analyzed parameters. These data support broader in vivo testing of the inhibitor as a timed adjunct therapy to the deleterious proinflammatory host immune response often associated with anti-Pneumocystis therapy.
Designing Teaching Strategies: An Applied Behavior Analysis Systems Approach

Preface. Teaching as Applied Behavior Analysis: A Professional Difference. The Learn Unit: A Natural Fracture of Teaching. The Repertoires of Teachers Who Are Behavior Analysts. The Strategic Analysis of Instruction and Learning. Teacher Repertoires for Students from Prelistener to Early Reader Status. Teaching Practices for Students with Advanced Repertoires of Verbal Behavior (Reader to Editor of Own Written Work). Behavioral Selection and the Content of Curriculum. Writing and Designing Curricula. Teaching and Mentoring Teachers. The School Psychologist and Other Supportive Personnel: A Contemporary Behavioral Perspective. Glossary. Index.