cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fcε receptor-positive cells are a major source of antigen-induced interleukin-4 in spleens of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

When cultured in vitro with either mitogen or parasite antigens, spleen cells from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni produce significantly higher levels of IL-4 than splenocytes from control animals. Previous studies suggested that this increase in IL-4 production occurs because of a selective expansion of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in infected mice. However, these experiments employed unfractionated spleen populations rather than purified T lymphocytes. Here we demonstrate that T-depleted spleen cells from infected animals synthesize high levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), but no IL-5 when stimulated with parasite antigen in vitro. Nevertheless, when purified by sorting, T cells and non-B, non-T (NBNT) populations produced similar amounts of IL-4 in response to parasite antigen. The IL-4 producing NBNT cells were found to belong to an Fc epsilon receptor (Fc epsilon R)-positive population which after sort purification produced high levels of IL-4 (between 1000 and 2000 U of per 5 x 10(3) cells). FACS analysis revealed that these Fc epsilon R+ cells make up 0.53% of splenic NBNT cells in control animals while in 8-9-week-infected animals they increase to 3.8% of that population. In contrast, in mice with 8-week unisexual worm infections these cells comprise only 1.71% of NBNT cells, indicating that eggs are a major stimulus of the response. The expansion of Fc epsilon R+ cells and their production of IL-4 could be an important factor regulating the selection and induction of different CD4+ subsets in schistosome-infected hosts.
Mitochondrial and apoptotic neuronal death signaling pathways in cerebral ischemia

Mitochondria play important roles as the powerhouse of the cell. After cerebral ischemia, mitochondria overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been thoroughly studied with the use of superoxide dismutase transgenic or knockout animals. ROS directly damage lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in the cell. Moreover, ROS activate various molecular signaling pathways. Apoptosis-related signals return to mitochondria, then mitochondria induce cell death through the release of pro-apoptotic proteins such as cytochrome c or apoptosis-inducing factor. Although the mechanisms of cell death after cerebral ischemia remain unclear, mitochondria obviously play a role by activating signaling pathways through ROS production and by regulating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways.
Bullying Perpetration and Victimization in Special Education: A Review of the Literature

Bullying perpetration and victimization have become pervasive problems in American schools. Recent research suggests a causal association between prolonged periods of victimization and overt acts of school violence. These findings are germane to students with disabilities in light of evidence suggesting these students are victimized more often than typically developing peers. The purpose of this review is to provide special educators with an overview of definitions and issues related to bullying perpetration and victimization and to synthesize research on this topic as it pertains to students with disabilities by disability type, personal characteristics, and educational placement. It was concluded that additional research is needed on prevalence and types of bullying, factors related to perpetration or victimization, and appropriate school-based interventions for special needs populations.
Predicting Preclinical Disease by Using The Mixed‐Effects Regression Model

Most methods of disease prediction are generally restricted to logistic or Cox proportional hazards model regression using only baseline values of the risk factor, and where the individuals age and sex account for most of the predictive capacity of the method. This chapter presents a method of risk prediction appropriate for repeated measures or time-dependent risk factors from longitudinal studies. The method is based on posterior probabilities calculated from mixed-effects regression models to model intra- and inter-individual differences in the serial risk factor measurements, to predict a disease-related outcome or other future event according to age changes within gender groups. While aging is inevitable and the occurrence of disease increases with age, disease and aging are not synonymous. Disease is a selective event that occurs in only some members of the population; others maintain a greater degree of physiological function as they age and remain relatively disease free. Thus, longitudinal data that considers each individual as their own control and the use of an appropriate method of prediction can play an important role in promoting a healthy human life throughout the aging process. Keywords: Aging; disease classification; individual differences; prediction; random-effects models
WsVsSenNet: an era of enhanced vision based sensing capability

Flexible and multi-adaptive platforms are always being appreciated by the people. In the field of Information Technology the wireless vision sensor network is one of the fastest growing segments. Due to their flexibility of networks and easily deployment in the field of businesses, educational establishments and households; this becomes an integral form of life. In recent years, we have seen the unparalleled research progress in wireless sensor network, which viable the emergence of enhanced nano sensors. Their multi functionality, small cost and less size always actuate their deployment over large number of applications. The deployment of the Wireless Vision Sensor Network [WsVsSenNet] in active monitoring field emergence the requirement of various sensor network protocols, algorithms and on board processing platforms. This paper deals with the continuous, interactive and integrative research efforts in the field of wireless sensor network for enhanced vision based applications. During the execution period, we have deployed the wireless sensor network in active monitoring field and found that the various on boards processing platform doesn’t hold their grasp over the whole network. This paper provides a frame work for the emergence and enhancement of the wireless sensor network. The major design challenges, their solutions and various platform requirements of wireless sensor network are also been included in this paper. To make the discussion healthier various design implementation difficulties are also included in this paper. The low power CMOS imaging with enhanced vision capability brings the emergence of the new era in this direction.
Contrasting chemical response to artificial acidification of three acid-sensitive streams in Maine, USA.

Abstract We experimentally acidified three low alkalinity first-order streams in forested catchments in Maine, USA. We evaluated water samples from a reference site above the point of hydrochloric acid addition and from two or three sites located 16 to 94 m downstream. Neutralization included protonation of weak acids, adsorption of sulfate, and ion exchange of base cations and aluminum (Al) for protons (H + ). Protonation of bicarbonate was significant in the relatively high pH Hadlock Brook. Protonation of weak organic acids dominated in the high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) Mud Pond Inlet. The response in low DOC, low pH East Bear Brook was dominated by stream substrate release of cations. East Bear Brook had the strongest acid neutralization response per unit catchment area. In all streams, exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were mobilized, with Ca > Mg. Al was also mobilized. During initial stages of acidification, Ca desorbed preferentially, whereas Al mobilization dominated later. Early in the recovery, adsorption of Ca to the streambed sediments was kinetically favored over adsorption of Al. Though pH increased downstream of acid addition, the streams remained undersaturated with respect to amorphous Al(OH) 3 , so Al did not precipitate. In East Bear Brook, however, Al left solution further downstream through adsorption. This process was likely kinetically controlled, because it occurred in East Bear Brook (3–4 L/s) but did not occur in Hadlock Brook (ca. 40 L/s) or Mud Pond Inlet (ca. 60 L/s). During experimental acidification, the initial Al:Ca ratio of a stream's response may indicate the acidification status of the catchment. Short-term stream acidification experiments illuminate processes characteristic of episodic stream acidification and of long-term catchment acidification. East Bear Brook and Hadlock Brook catchments are in early to intermediate stages of acidification. The Mud Pond Inlet catchment (high Al:Ca ratio) is in a later stage of acidification.
Exploratory analyses of interregional migration tables: an Austrian example.

Mackinnon R. D. and Skarke A. M. (1977) Exploratory Analyses of Interregional Migration Tables: an Austrian Example, Reg. Studies 11, 99–111. Four different techniques of a rather simple type are used to analyze recent interregional migration flows in Austria. Purely descriptive methods are used to reduce the large data set to proportions which facilitate interpretation. Methods of Markov and matrix growth operator type are used to project future spatial redistribution of population arising from both migration and differences in the rates of natural increase. A least squares approach is used to measure the attractiveness and emissiveness of regions based on a revealed preference rationale. Finally, the biproportional method of updating economic input-output and transportation origin-destination tables is used to generate the most plausible changes in migration propensities which would give rise to a specified target population distribution.
Unified Approach to the Theory of Chromatography. I. “Incompressible.”, Binary Mobile Phase (Liquid Chromatography)

A lattice model is used to derive equations for the solute (a) distribution coefficient in a mixed-solvent mobile phase (b+c), Ka(b+C), and the solvent sorption isotherms in liquid chromatography (LC). Entropic and interaction energy effects are included. These equations, which are applicable to liquid-like and solid (adsorbent) stationary phases, LLC and LSC, respectively, are found to depend on molecular size and interaction energy parameters, and on the mobile- and stationary-phase volume fractions of one of the solvent components, θb(m) and θb(s), respectively. It is seen that the equations pertaining to LLC are formally similar to those for LSC. The significance and utility of these theoretical results are discussed and illustrated. The widely used linear expression relating In Ka(b+c) and In θb(m) is examined in the light of the present theory and recent experimental findings.
Improved bin completion for optimal bin packing and number partitioning

The bin-packing problem is to partition a multiset of n numbers into as few bins of capacity C as possible, such that the sum of the numbers in each bin does not exceed C. We compare two existing algorithms for solving this problem: bin completion (BC) and branch-and-cut-and-price (BCP). We show experimentally that the problem difficulty and dominant algorithm are a function of n, the precision of the input elements and the number of bins in an optimal solution. We describe three improvements to BC which result in a speedup of up to five orders of magnitude as compared to the original BC algorithm. While the current belief is that BCP is the dominant bin-packing algorithm, we show that improved BC is up to five orders of magnitude faster than a state-of-the-art BCP algorithm on problems with relatively few bins. We then explore a closely related problem, the number-partitioning problem, and show that an algorithm based on improved bin packing is up to three orders of magnitude faster than a BCP solver called DIMM which claims to be state of the art. Finally, we show how to use number partitioning to generate difficult bin-packing instances.
H∞ Loop-Shaping Control Design and Robustness Analysis of a Hydraulic Wheel Loader

Construction, earthmoving, and agricultural equipment manufacturers are moving toward building more and more equipment with electro-hydraulic control systems. The existing industry practices for the design of control systems in construction machines primarily rely on classical designs coupled with ad-hoc synthesis procedures. Such practices lack a systematic procedure to account for unavoidable plant uncertainties in the design process as well as coupled dynamics of the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configuration. In this paper, an H-infinity loop shaping control design method is applied to a wheel loader with an electro-hydraulic control system. This tracking control design is used to provide an automatic bucket levelling feature for a wheel loader. A MIMO nonlinear model for an electrohydraulically actuated wheel loader linkage is considered. The robustness of the controller design is validated in simulation using a complete nonlinear model of the wheel loader linkage. The simulation results are presented for both an H-infinity loop shaping design and an LQG design. The LQG design is from previous work and presented here for comparison. The effects of varying fluid parameters such as bulk modulus are considered in a robust stability analysis. The stability robustness and performance are compared for the two controller designs.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Functional Requirements and Design Basis for Information Barriers

This report summarizes the results of the Information Barrier Working Group workshop held at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, NM, February 2-4, 1999. This workshop was convened to establish the functional requirements associated with warhead radiation signature information barriers, to identify the major design elements of any such system or approach, and to identify a design basis for each of these major elements. Such information forms the general design basis to be used in designing, fabricating, and evaluating the complete integrated systems developed for specific purposes.
Amorphous Solid Water (ASW): Pulsed Laser Ablation of ASW/CO2 Thin Films

Thin films composed of 400–500 monolayers (ML) of either amorphous solid water (ASW) or ASW/CO2 mixtures are grown atop a MgO(100) substrate under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Samples are irradiated at an infrared frequency of 3424 cm–1, which lies within the broad OH stretch band of condensed water. Ablation is achieved using 10 ns pulses whose energy (<2.7 mJ) is focused to a beam waist of approximately 0.5 mm. By using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to monitor ablated material, excellent single-shot detection is demonstrated. This capability is essential because, in general, the first infrared pulse can induce irreversible changes throughout the irradiated volume. With ASW/CO2 samples, CO2 is released preferentially. This is not surprising in light of the metastability of the samples. Indeed, repeated irradiation of the same spot can rid the sample of essentially all of the CO2 in as little as a few pulses, whereas only 10–20 ML of H2O are removed per pulse. The influence of the substrate is profou...
Game of Drones

Mary Ellen O’Connell, Game of Drones, Review Essay of CHAMAYOU, GREGOIRE. A THEORY OF THE DRONE (Janet Llyod, trans.); SHAH, SIKANDER AHMED. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND DRONE STRIKES IN PAKISTAN: THE LEGAL AND SOCIO-POLITICAL ASPECTS; WOODS, CHRIS. SUDDEN JUSTICE: AMERICA’S SECRET DRONE WARS, 109 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 889 (2015).States and armed groups use drones today to hunt and kill known persons and anyone in their vicinity by launching Hellfire missiles and dropping 500-pound bombs. They are used for targeted killing, a euphemism for assassination. Woods provides an excellent account of drone development from spy plane to killing machine. It is Chamayou, however, who demonstrates that as the technology evolved so have certain legal, moral, and strategic assessments of targeted killing. These new developments have not occurred because of the success of targeted killing. All three books provide powerful evidence that targeted killing is counter-productive to security policy. It is the very possession of the technology that leads to the will to use it, inducing legal scholars to argue for the right to do so. Chamayou says those possessing the capacity to kill believe they also possess the right to kill. His insights help explain the wide gap between the actual international law on the use of force — well stated by Shah — and the arguments presented by United States government lawyers and sympathetic scholars. International law in the form of the United Nations Charter generally prohibits the use of military force with only two narrow exceptions: The Security Council may authorize force when necessary to restore international peace and security, and states may exercise individual and collective self- defense against a state responsible for an armed attack on another state. Governments also invite assistance in suppressing civil wars. Any other analysis is fabricated to suit the drone.
Rex Rabbit's Growth Development and Growth Curve Fitting

Measured Rex Rabbit's weight in Heibei Xing Sheng Culture Company,fitted the equation according to the principle in the equation of Logistic curve of growth,established the equation of Rex Rabbit 's curve of growth,then study the Growth Law of Rex Rabbit.The growth curves of Rex Rabbit from 0 to 5 months old were analyzed and fitted with Logistic model.The results showed as follows:①According to the principle in the equation of logistic curve of growth,we identified the equation's parameter of growth curve y:a=24.150 4,b=1.240 2,then fitted the equation,established the equation of Rex rabbit's curve of growth:y=2 949/(1+24.150 4e-1.240 2x)(P0.05).②Logistic regression curve equation can be very good fit Rex Rabbit growth process.The fitting degree of Logistic regression curve equation was more than 0.95.Its inflection point of growth was 2.97 months.The inflection point of Rex rabbit weight was 2 298.28g.Extreme weight of Rex rabbit was 2949g.
An interactive mapping system incorporating data reliability information

Data quality should be considered in compiling maps in order to reveal reliable information about the spatial variation of a phenomenon. However, creating classes in a choropleth map by maximizing data reliability (i.e. the statistical differences of observed values between classes) often lead to useless maps with very uneven number of observations in different classes. An interactive mapping system is developed to allow users to adjust class breaks so that the resultant maps are relatively reliable and more effective in spatial pattern detection.
miRNA Detection at Single-Cell Resolution Using Microfluidic LNA Flow-FISH

Flow cytometry in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization (flow-FISH) is a powerful technique that can be utilized to rapidly detect nucleic acids at single-cell resolution without the need for homogenization or nucleic acid extraction. Here, we describe a microfluidic-based method which enables the detection of microRNAs or miRNAs in single intact cells by flow-FISH using locked nucleic acid (LNA)-containing probes. Our method can be applied to all RNA species including mRNA and small noncoding RNA and is suitable for multiplexing with protein immunostaining in the same cell. For demonstration of our method, this chapter details the detection of miR155 and CD69 protein in PMA and ionomycin-stimulated Jurkat cells. Here, we also include instructions on how to set up a microfluidic chip sample preparation station to prepare cells for imaging and analysis on a commercial flow cytometer or a custom-built micro-flow cytometer.
Resource bricolage and resource selection for parallel database systems

Running parallel database systems in an environment with heterogeneous resources has become increasingly common, due to cluster evolution and increasing interest in moving applications into public clouds. Performance differences among machines in the same cluster pose new challenges for parallel database systems. First, for database systems running in a heterogeneous cluster, the default uniform data partitioning strategy may overload some of the slow machines, while at the same time it may underutilize the more powerful machines. Since the processing time of a parallel query is determined by the slowest machine, such an allocation strategy may result in a significant query performance degradation. Second, since machines might have varying resources or performance, different choices of machines may lead to different costs or performance for executing the same workload. By carefully selecting the most suitable machines for running a workload, we may achieve better performance with the same budget, or we may meet the same performance requirements with a lower cost. We address these challenges by introducing techniques we call resource bricolage and resource selection that improve database performance in heterogeneous environments. Our approaches quantify the performance differences among machines with various resources as they process workloads with diverse resource requirements. For the purpose of better resource utilization, we formalize the problem of minimizing workload execution time and view it as an optimization problem, and then, we employ linear programming to obtain a recommended data partitioning scheme. For the purpose of better resource selection, we formalize two problems: One minimizes the total workload execution time with a given budget, and the other minimizes the total budget with a given performance target. We then employ different mixed-integer programs to search for the optimal resource selection decisions. We verify the effectiveness of both resource bricolage and resource selection techniques with an extensive experimental study.
The European Revolutions, 1848–1851: The mid-century revolutions in European history

The anatomy of a revolution The origins of the 1848 revolutions are best understood in terms of the coming together of longer- and shorter-term socioeconomic and political causes. A basic precondition for the revolution was the gradual decline in popular standards of living over the previous twenty to twenty-five years. To a great extent, this state of affairs reflected the decline of an agrarian-artisan economy, and its replacement by a more efficient one, characterized by a more productive agriculture, an improved market network, and a growing industrial sector. In central and eastern Europe, these structural changes were accompanied by a gradual movement from a society of orders to a civil society of property owners, involving changes in those property relations, particularly serfdom and the guild system, that hindered the development of a market economy and society. While historians might understand these developments as part of a favorable transition, leading to increased economic growth and higher standards of living, contemporaries had no way of knowing that their troubles were transitional, that after mid-century things would gradually improve. All that could be perceived was the decline, creating a permanent and widespread discontent. The harvest failures of 1845–46, followed by the recession of 1847, topped off and intensified these long-term changes. Starvation was avoided in continental Europe, although for the poorer, mountainous areas it was a near thing, and for those of modest means, already suffering from the gradual declines in their real income, the years of high food prices meant taking on a heavy burden of debt.
Intestinal/Multivisceral Transplantation

Intestinal/multivisceral transplantation has evolved from an experimental procedure to the treatment of choice for patients with irreversible intestinal failure and serious complications related to long-term parenteral nutrition. Children who are likely to suffer permanent intestinal failure and benefit from intestinal transplantation include those with a remaining small bowel length of less than 30–40 cm, absence of the ileocecal valve, colonic resection and malabsorptive syndromes. Indications for transplant include frequent severe bouts of catheter associated sepsis, threatened loss of vascular access and the development of liver cirrhosis from cholestasis. Children who are more likely to experience cholestasis from total parenteral nutrition include those who experience persistent hyperbilirubinemia (greater than 6 mg/dl despite enteral nutrition), those with recurrent sepsis and/or bacterial overgrowth and those with minimal tolerance of any enteral feeds in the first few months post resection. The 1 year survival rate after intestinal transplantation has markedly improved over the last several years but long term survival rates have remained unchanged. The improved short term survival rates have led to an increased prevalence of this patient population in intensive care units. Management of intestinal and multivisceral transplant recipients is uniquely challenging because of complications arising from the high incidence of transplant rejection and its treatment. In the ICU, the complexity of medical care for the transplant recipient requires a multidisciplinary approach with coordination by an intensivist in collaboration with the transplant surgeon, gastroenterologist, and other specialists.
A Modern Peace? Schumpeter, the Decline of Conflict, and the Investment–War Trade-Off

Drawing on the writings of Joseph Schumpeter, we develop and explore a new theory of international conflict. We outline a simple mechanism whereby industrialization fosters peace, suggesting that i...
IP protection through gate-level netlist security enhancement

Abstract In modern Integrated Circuits (IC) design flow, from specification to chip fabrication, various security threats are emergent. These range from malicious modifications in the design, to the Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools, during layout or fabrication, or to the packaging. Of particular concern are modifications made to third-party IP cores and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) chips where no Register Transfer Level (RTL) code or golden models are available. While chip level reverse engineering techniques can help rebuild circuit gate-level netlist from fabricated chips, there still lacks a netlist reverse engineering tool which can recover the full functionality of the rebuilt netlist. Toward this direction, we develop a tool, named Reverse Engineering Finite State Machine (REFSM), that helps end-users reconstruct a high-level description of the control logic from a flattened netlist. We demonstrate that REFSM effectively recovers circuit control logic from netlists with varying degrees of complexity. Experimental results also show that the REFSM can easily identify malicious logic from a flattened (or even obfuscated) netlist. Supported by REFSM, another tool, called Reverse Engineering Hardware Obfuscation for Protection (REHOP), is developed to enhance gate-level netlist security without learning the RTL code.
Model selection for CO2 sequestration using surface deformation and injection data

Abstract Incorporating time-lapse observations from sources such as remote sensing and seismic is important for monitoring the migration of CO 2 plumes in carbon capture and storage projects. Significant computational costs make it impractical to run coupled flow-geomechanical simulations for all plausible geologic scenarios in a prior ensemble. This study presents a model selection framework that integrates a fast approximator as a proxy to evaluate flow and geomechanical responses of geologic models. The proxy utilizes a particle tracking algorithm to mimic flow paths of injected CO 2 within the geologic models. Pressure changes and rock deformation resulting from CO 2 injection are estimated using a finite-element algorithm. The reliability of the proposed proxy is tested by comparing simulation and proxy results with regards to the shapes and extents of CO 2 plumes, reservoir pressure, and vertical displacement at the top layer of a given reservoir. Models showing similar proxy responses are grouped into clusters by invoking multi-dimensional scaling followed by k -means clustering. A representative model of each cluster is selected, and its dynamic responses are evaluated by running flow-geomechanical simulations. The posterior ensemble consists of the models in the cluster whose representative conforms to given observation data. The proposed model selection approach is applied to history matching of a realistic channelized reservoir and a fractured reservoir inspired from In Salah, Algeria. The two case studies demonstrate that the incorporation of surface deformation data within model selection contributes to reduction in geologic uncertainty by improving the matching quality of well responses.
The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Fifth edition (DSM-5) model of impairment

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the leading reference within the United States for establishing accurate diagnosis of mental health syndromes and is considered a medical classification system (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013, p. xli, 10). A wide variety of professionals including counselors, forensic specialists, nurses, physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, rehabilitation therapists, and social workers utilize the DSM to facilitate assessment of symptoms within their clinical practice. The manual also crosses multiple disciplines including biological, behavioral, cognitive, and psychodynamic orientations in understanding mental health. By design, the DSM is intended to provide a common nomenclature for researchers, practitioners, and public health agencies serving the needs of individuals with mental health diagnoses across a range of settings from inpatient hospital treatment to outpatient clinics and private practice.
Josefa de Óbidos e a Invenção do Barroco Português

Through its lavish display of 133 objects, including painting, sculpture, and decorative arts, and a beautifully illustrated catalogue comprising over twenty brief essays by major local scholars (a...
Cerebral High-Intensity Transient Signals during Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization: A Pilot Study Using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral emboli are one potential cause of acute brain injury in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac catheterization. In this pilot study using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, we sought to evaluate the incidence, burden, and circumstances of cerebral high-intensity transient signals (HITS), presumably representing emboli, during pediatric cardiac catheterization. METHODS Emboli monitoring of the right middle cerebral artery was performed in five children. HITS, counted offline, were defined as unidirectional signals associated with audible "chirp" and sinusoidal correlation. HITS were grouped as single, >10 HITS ("cluster"), or HITS "with curtain effect" per 3-5 cardiac cycles. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and pulsatility index (PI) were recorded after anesthetic induction (baseline). RESULTS Total HITS in the cohort was 1,697 (790 single HITS, 606 HITS within clusters, and 301 HITS within curtains). HITS in clusters and curtains comprised 53% (907/1,697) of total HITS, and occurred in 44 clusters/curtains. Events associated with clusters/curtains included left ventricular angiography (39%; 17/44), right ventricular angiography (16%; 7/44), device placement (16%; 7/44), heparin bolus (9%; 4/44), pulmonary artery angiography (9%; 4/44), venous access (5%; 2/44), right atrial angiography (2%; 1/44), arterial access (2%; 1/44), and hemodynamic measurements (2%; 1/44). No patient had clinically detectable neurologic injury. CONCLUSIONS HITS are common during pediatric cardiac catheterization, and associated with procedural factors. Whether curtains/clusters are worse than single, repetitive HITS is unknown. Larger studies are needed to determine whether HITS are a marker of risk of neurologic injury from emboli during pediatric cardiac catheterization.
Application of Structural Equation Modeling to Explain Online Shoppers' Response to Price Comparison Sites

Customers often use environment price comparison sites when they want to buy some product or service over the Internet. These sites help them while searching of products or services, give them an overview on prices, and other pieces of information. Moreover, they also can affect consumers' perception of the risks associated with online buying. The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical model which would explain the factors influencing the intentions of online buyers to purchase in situation when they use price comparison sites. The price consciousness, perception of quality of delivery, reputation and risk perception were seen as factors influencing the purchase intention of online buyers. The results show that information provided by online price comparison site positively influences the perception of online shoppers, and play a positive role in reducing risk and increasing purchase intention of consumers.
Rosa of the Wild Grass: The Story of a Nicaraguan Family by Fiona MacIntosh

MacIntosh, Fiona. Rosa of the Wild Grass: The Story of a Nicaraguan Family . Shropshire, UK: Practical Action Publishing, 2016.
Predictors of Medication Continuity in Children With ADHD.

OBJECTIVES: To identify predictors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication continuity, hypothesizing greater continuity among children with (1) greater child acceptance of treatment, (2) parent belief in longer time course for ADHD, (3) positive differential between parent-perceived need for and concerns about medication, and (4) greater parent-perceived alliance with their child’s doctor. METHODS: We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort of 89 children aged 6 to 10 years old newly treated for ADHD by 1 of 44 pediatricians in 11 practices. Parents completed validated surveys on their beliefs about ADHD and medicine. We audited charts and obtained pharmacy dispensing records. In our analyses, we examined the relationship between predictor variables (eg, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, quality of care, and belief measures) and short-term (first 90 days after starting medication) and long-term (91–450 days) medication continuity as defined by the number of days covered with medication. RESULTS: Children had a median of 81% of days covered over 0 to 90 days and 54% of days covered over 91 to 450 days after starting medicine. In the first 90 days, medication coverage related to child age, satisfaction with information about medicine, medication titration, symptom reduction, parent beliefs about control over symptoms, uncertainty about treating with medicine, and working alliance. Long-term medication continuity related to child acceptance of treatment and differential between parent-perceived need for and concerns about medication at 3 months, not baseline factors. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence is a process that can change over time in response to experiences with treatment. Interventions are needed to promote productive interactions between pediatricians and families in support of continuity.
The decomposition mechanisms of a perfluoropolyether at the head/disk interface of hard disk drives

The decomposition mechanisms of a perfluoropolyether (ZDOL) at the head/disk interface under sliding friction conditions were studied using an ultra‐high vacuum tribometer equipped with a mass spectrometer. Chemical bonding theory was applied to analyze the decomposition process. For a carbon coated slider/CNx disk interface, the primary decomposed fragments are CFO and CF2O, caused by the friction decomposition and electron bombardment in the mass spectrometer. For an uncoated Al2O3–TiC slider/CNx contact, CF3 and C2F3 fragments appear in addition to CFO and CF2O, resulting from the catalytic reactions and friction decomposition, indicating that the decomposition mechanism associated with friction leads to the breaking of the main chain of ZDOL and forms CF2=O, which reacts with Al2O3 to produce AlF3, and the rapid catalytic decomposition of ZDOL on the AlF3 surface follows. Moreover, the effects of frictional heat, tribocharge, mechanical scission and Lewis acid catalytic action, generated in friction process, on the decomposition of ZDOL are discussed.
Phase vortices and CDW conduction noise

We review a theoretical aspect of the phase vortex model proposed by Ong, Verma and Maki to account for the quasi-periodic voltage oscillation observed in the non-Ohmic regime of the CDW states in NbSe3 and TaS3. Phase conservation requires a train of phase vortices at the domain boundary whenever two adjacent CDW domains move with different sliding velocities. These phase vortices move along the boundary with the number of vortices which sweep the boundary per second being proportional to the difference in the sliding velocities. In addition to conserving phase these vortices convert the CDW current into normal current (i.e. the quasi-particle current). This implies that the sources of the normal current are localized and move with the phase vortices. Therefore a periodic fundamental frequency proportional to the sliding velocity, when the CDW is pinned on one side of the array and moving on the other side.
Use of Bodipy™-Labeled Sphingolipids to Study Membrane Traffic in Animal Cells

Fluorescent lipid analogs have been used to study membrane lipid traffic in animal cells for a number of years (reviewed in Pagano and Sleight, 1985; Koval and Pagano, 1991; Hoekstra and Kok, 1992; Koval, 1993; Rosenwald and Pagano, 1993). In this approach, one of the naturally occurring fatty acids of a lipid is replaced with a short-chain fluorescent fatty acid. Most of the resulting fluorescent lipid analogs can be readily integrated into cellular membranes by spontaneous lipid transfer from exogenous sources. The intracellular distribution of the labeled molecules can then be observed in living cells by high resolution fluorescence microscopy,and temporal changes in the distribution of a given lipid and its metabolites can be correlated with changes in its metabolism. This approach has been used to study the uptake, metabolism, and transport of phosphatidylcholine (Sleight and Pagano, 1984), phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine (Tanaka and Schroit, 1983; Martin and Pagano, 1987), phosphatidylinositol (Ting and Pagano, 1990, 1991), phosphatidic acid (Pagano and Longmuir, 1985), ceramide (reviewed in Pagano, 1990; Rosenwald and Pagano, 1993), and various other sphingolipids (Koval and Pagano, 1989, 1990; Mayor et al., 1993; Kok et al., 1989; 1991; 1995; Schwarzmann and Sandhoff, 1990) analogs labeled with N-[6-[(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]caproic acid (C6-NBD-).
Molecular Modeling of Polymers 16. Gaseous Diffusion in Polymers: A Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) Analysis

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the key physicochemical molecular properties of polymeric materials responsible for gaseous diffusion in the polymers.
Loss of CXCR4 in Myeloid Cells Enhances Antitumor Immunity and Reduces Melanoma Growth through NK Cell and FASL Mechanisms

The chemokine receptor, CXCR4, is involved in cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Several promising CXCR4 antagonists have been shown to halt tumor metastasis in preclinical studies, and clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of these agents in cancer patients are ongoing. However, the impact of targeting CXCR4 specifically on immune cells is not clear. Here we demonstrate that genetic deletion of CXCR4 in myeloid cells (CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ) enhances the antitumor immune response, resulting in significantly reduced melanoma tumor growth. Moreover, CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice exhibited slowed tumor progression compared to CXCR4WT mice in an inducible melanocyte BrafV600E/Pten-/- mouse model. The percentage of Fas ligand (FasL)-expressing myeloid cells was reduced in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice as compared to myeloid cells from CXCR4WT mice. In contrast, there was an increased percentage of NK cells expressing FasL in tumors growing in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice. NK cells from CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice also exhibited increased tumor cell killing capacity in vivo, based on clearance of NK-sensitive Yac-1 cells. NK cell-mediated killing of Yac-1 cells occurred in a FasL-dependent manner, which was partially dependent upon the presence of CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ neutrophils. Furthermore, enhanced NK cell activity in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice was also associated with increased production of IL18 by specific leukocyte sub-populations. These data suggest that CXCR4-mediated signals from myeloid cells suppress NK cell-mediated tumor surveillance, and thereby enhance tumor growth. Systemic delivery of a peptide antagonist of CXCR4 to tumor bearing CXCR4WT mice resulted in enhanced NK-cell activation and reduced tumor growth, supporting potential clinical implications for CXCR4 antagonism in some cancers.
Rapid prototyping of a multilayer microphysiological system for primary human intestinal epithelial culture

Here we report benchtop fabrication of multilayer thermoplastic organs-on-chips via laser cut and assembly of double sided adhesives. Biocompatibility was evaluated with Caco-2 cells and primary human intestinal organoids. Chips with Luer fluidic interfaces were economical ($2 per chip) and were fabricated in just hours without use of specialized bonding techniques. Compared with control static Transwell™ cultures, Caco-2 and organoids cultured on chips formed confluent monolayers expressing tight junctions with low permeability. Caco-2 cells on chip differentiated ~4 times faster compared to controls and produced mucus. To demonstrate the robustness of laser cut and assembly, we fabricated a dual membrane, tri-layer gut chip integrating 2D monolayers, 3D cell culture, and a basal flow chamber. As proof of concept, we co-cultured a human, differentiated monolayer and intact organoids in a chip with multi-layered contacting compartments. The epithelium exhibited 3D tissue structure and organoids formed in close proximity to the adjacent monolayer. The favorable features of thermoplastics, such as low gas and water vapor permeability, in addition to rapid, facile, and economical fabrication of multilayered devices, make laser cut and assembly an ideal fabrication technique for developing organs-on-chips and studying multicellular tissues.
The Racial Composition of Neighborhoods and Local Schools: The Role of Diversity, Inequality, and School Choice:

In an education system that draws students from residentially based attendance zones, schools are local institutions that reflect the racial composition of their surrounding communities. However, w...
“Now I Know I Love Me”: The Trajectory to Self-Acceptance Among HIV Positive Adults in a Southeastern U.S. Community Center:

Individuals with HIV are now living healthier, longer lives due to the advancement of effective drug therapy. Understanding the dynamic narratives of the aging population of adults with HIV is crit...
On commuting automorphisms of finite groups

Let G be a group. An automorphism $$\alpha $$ of G is called a commuting automorphism if $$\alpha (x)x= x \alpha (x)$$ for all $$x \in G$$. The set of all commuting automorphisms of G is denoted by A(G). The set A(G) does not necessarily form a subgroup of the automorphism group of G. If A(G) form a subgroup, then we say G is an A-group. In this paper, we show that the direct product of two finite A-groups is also an A-group. We also show that GL(n, q) for $$n = 3$$ or $$q >n$$, PSL(2, q) and ZM-groups are A-groups.
Rangeland Fire Protection Associations as disaster response organisations

Rangeland Fire Protection Associations (RFPAs) are volunteer-based groups of trained private landowners who are authorised to respond to events in partnership with governmental agencies. This study analysed the functioning and structure of RFPAs in Idaho and Oregon in the western United States to characterise this under-researched model of disaster response. RFPAs represent an expanding type of disaster response organisation that interfaces with established fire suppression entities, yet 'emergent behaviour' manifested in some RFPA response actions. This appeared to lessen and mediate with time, as well as due to recognition of the issues, increased experience of fires, and training that fostered new mutual understandings. There is a need for continued examination of the effect of repeat experience in developing the characteristics of disaster response organisations. In addition, it is crucial to know how the interface between established and other types of organisations may be enhanced to make cooperative disaster response more effective.
Increasing Numbers and Reported Adverse Events in Patients with Lung Cancer Undergoing Inpatient Lung Biopsies: A Population-Based Analysis

The use of molecular biomarkers to guide lung cancer management has led to increasing frequency and amounts of tissue required for repeat lung biopsies. While patient safety and reporting of adverse events has been increasingly emphasized in recent decades, the safety of lung biopsies in patients with lung cancer has only been studied in small cohorts. We therefore analyzed adverse events in patients with lung cancer undergoing lung biopsies in the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) database. Data were abstracted using ICD-9 lung cancer diagnosis (162.X) and lung biopsy procedure codes (33.20, 33.24, 33.25, 33.26, 33.27, 33.28) from 2001 to 2010. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient-Safety Indicators (PSI) were used to identify hospital-acquired adverse events. Weighted analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. A total of 540,747 patients were included for analysis. The number of biopsies increased over time, from 51,221 in 2001, to 63,239 in 2010 (P < 0.001). Overall, 159,683 (30%) patients suffered ≥ 1-PSI event during their hospitalization. Incidence of PSI varied by biopsy type: bronchoscopic (26%), percutaneous (34%), surgical (39%). The proportion of patients with ≥ 1 PSI event increased from 24% in 2001 to 38% in 2010 (P < 0.001). Patients with ≥ 1 PSI had longer length of stay (mean, 11.6 vs 8.1 days; P < 0.001) and higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 5.9, 95% CI 3.9–8.9; P < 0.001). The frequency of lung biopsies performed and rate of documented adverse events in hospitalized lung cancer patients have increased. These findings have policy, funding, research, and practice implications.
Characteristics of Organizations That Provide Telemental Health

Telemental health use is rapidly increasing in the United States. It remains unclear what type of organizations are providing this care. Using deidentified claims from a 20% random sample of 2017 M...