cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Academic libraries, institutional missions, and new student recruitment: a case study

Purpose – Academic institutions struggle to differentiate themselves in the eyes of prospective students. Schools use their institutional missions to communicate their unique purposes and goals with core constituencies, but often the mission is not shared during recruitment. Academic libraries can assist in recruiting students by communicating the institution's mission through their collections. This paper aims to focus on the efforts of Brigham Young University's L. Tom Perry Special Collections.Design/methodology/approach – This case study examines the approach of Brigham Young University's L. Tom Perry Special Collections, which has worked with its campus admissions office by serving as a stop on campus tours for high‐priority academic and athletic recruits.Findings – These tour sessions are more than just quick show‐and‐tell sessions; they are opportunities to discuss the university's unique “Aims of a BYU Education”.Originality/value – The case study provides new perspectives on how academic librarie...
An optimal diagnostic threshold for minimal stent area to predict target lesion revascularization following stent implantation in native coronary lesions.

tions, 1980:122–159. 17. Antoniucci D, Valenti R, Moschi G, Santoro GM, Bolognese L, Trapani M, Fazzini PF. Cost-effective analysis of primary infarct-artery stenting versus optimal primary angioplasty (the Florence Randomized Elective Stenting in Acute Coronary Occlusions [FRESCO] trial). Am J Cardiol 2000;85:1247–1249. 18. Saito S, Hosokawa G. Primary Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction: the final results of Japanese PASTA (primary angioplasty vs stent implantation in AMI in Japan) trial (abstr). Circulation 1997;96(suppl I):I-595. 19. Grines CL, Cox DA, Stone GW, Garcia E, Mattos LA, Giambartolomei A, Brodie BR, Lansky AJ, O’Neill WW, Grines LL, Boura JA, Morice MC. Stent PAMI. 12 month results and predictors of mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35(suppl A):402A. 20. Dickersin K, Berlin JA. Meta-analysis: state-of-the-science. Epidemiol Rev 1992;14:154–176.
Excitation Energy Transfer in a Non-Markovian Dynamical Disordered Environment: Localization, Narrowing, and Transfer Efficiency

The non-markovian effect of a fluctuating environment plays an important role in electronic excitation transfer in organic disordered media, such as light-harvesting systems and conjugated polymers. Stochastic Liouville equations (SLE) are used to study the interaction between excitons and the environment. We model the non-markovian environment phenomenologically with a dichotomic process. An exact approach to solve the SLE based on Shapiro and Loginov's differentiation formulas allows us to rigorously study the effect of the non-markovian environment on excitation energy transfer, such as coherence conservation and its implication for transfer efficiency. This simple SLE model goes beyond the perturbative second-order master equation valid for both the weak coupling and short time correlation conditions. In addition, we discuss why our non-markovian model is a good approximation to the SLE model driven by the stationary Gauss-Markov process (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process) over a broad range of fluctuation strengths and correlation times. Numerical results based on our SLE model for dimeric aggregates and the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex reveal the important interplay of intermolecular coupling, correlation time, and fluctuation strength, and their effects on the exciton relaxation process due to the environmental phonon. The results also uncover the connection between localization and motional narrowing, and the efficiency of electronic excitation transfer, demonstrating that the non-markovian environment is critical for chromophore aggregates to achieve an optimal transfer rate in a noisy environment and to contribute to the robustness of the FMO excitation energy transfer network.
Monitoring for organophosphate- and carbamate-resistant armored scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in San Joaquin Valley citrus

Citrus fruits infested with California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), and yellow scale, A. citrina (Coquillett), were collected from a total of 68 orchards in four counties in the San Joaquin Valley of California over three seasons to test for insecticide resistance. California red scale populations were collected from Madera, Fresno, Tulare, and Kern counties. Yellow scale populations were fewer in number and were found only in Tulare County. The results of laboratory bioassays of the infested fruit suggest that resistances to the organophosphate insecticides chlorpyrifos and methidathion are developing in the two armored scale species in this region. Armored scale resistance to the carbamate insecticide, carbaryl, appears to he less intense than for the organophosphates at this time. The populations showing the lowest percentage of mortality to any of the tested insecticides were located in eastern Tulare and Kern counties. An insecticide resistance management strategy for this citrus growing region is discussed.
Sinusoidal flicker characteristics of primate cones in response to heterochromatic stimuli

Electrophysiological recordings of primate photoreceptors have been obtained and frequency response characteristics of the red, green, and blue cones have been determined and compared to previous psychophysical findings. Using cynomolgus monkeys, we recorded the foveal local electroretinogram, which is dominated by the late receptor potential, and obtained criterion-response threshold data for sinusoidally flickered test stimuli against complementary chromatic adapting backgrounds. Our results support the hypotheses that (a) the shapes of the MTFs of the red and green cone systems are identical and are determined solely by the photoreceptors at high frequencies, and (b) the blue cones have an MTF with a lower corner frequency than the red- and green-cone systems.
A Multiple Myeloma Patient Presenting with Multiple Hepatic Masses

A 47-year-old male with Multiple Myeloma (MM) presented with a history of worsening jaundice and intermittent abdominal discomfort for one month. Physical examination was unremarkable except for the icterus and palpable, nontender liver extending 2 cm below the right costal margin. The liver function test was more consistent with an obstructive pathology. MRCP showed at least six hepatic masses- largest of which measured 16.4 × 11.2 cm, severe upper abdominal and retroperitoneal adenopathy and moderate to severe intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation due to extrinsic compression of Common Bile Duct (CBD) by a 6.0 × 5.7 cm porta-hepatis mass. A CAT-scan guided hepatic-mass-biopsy showed plasmacytoma. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography with stent placement in CBD was done and the patient was discharged upon clinical improvement. Multiple Myeloma is a monoclonal, plasma-cell neoplasm that usually produces large amount of a specific immunoglobulin. Though Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is not uncommon feature of MM, it is rarely considered as a specific part of the clinical picture of MM. Though the most common mechanism for development of EMP is local growth of the malignant tissue outside the bone, it can also be formed in various distant organs via hematogenous spread of the malignant plasma cells. Hepatic plasmacytoma is considered a rare entity and literature is limited to few case notes. Out of two distinct pathologic variants of hepatic plasmacytoma, infiltrative plasma-cell lesion are more common that macroscopic-nodular form. There are reports of nodular-hepatic plasma cell tumor being diagnosed incidentally or presenting with clinical features of hepatocellular injury and/or cholestasis. We have presented a rare case of hepatic plasmacytoma in MM with intrahepatic and porta-hepatis macroscopic nodules occurring simultaneously. This clinical picture of obstructive jaundice with multiple liver masses, a porta-hepatis mass and severe abdominal adenopathy usually generates differential diagnoses of primary liver tumor, metastases, gall bladder carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma or abscesses. If a patient has pre-existing multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma should invariably be added to the differential diagnosis. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1470w
Crystal structures of interleukin 17A and its complex with IL-17 receptor A

The constituent polypeptides of the interleukin-17 family form six different homodimeric cytokines (IL-17A-F) and the heterodimeric IL-17A/F. Their interactions with IL-17 receptors A-E (IL-17RA-E) mediate host defenses while also contributing to inflammatory and autoimmune responses. IL-17A and IL-17F both preferentially engage a receptor complex containing one molecule of IL-17RA and one molecule of IL-17RC. More generally, IL-17RA appears to be a shared receptor that pairs with other members of its family to allow signaling of different IL-17 cytokines. Here we report crystal structures of homodimeric IL-17A and its complex with IL-17RA. Binding to IL-17RA at one side of the IL-17A molecule induces a conformational change in the second, symmetry-related receptor site of IL-17A. This change favors, and is sufficient to account for, the selection of a different receptor polypeptide to complete the cytokine-receptor complex. The structural results are supported by biophysical studies with IL-17A variants produced by site-directed mutagenesis.
Evidence of a Global Magma Ocean in Io’s Interior

Extensive volcanism and high-temperature lavas hint at a global magma reservoir in Io, but no direct evidence has been available. We exploited Jupiter's rotating magnetic field as a sounding signal and show that the magnetometer data collected by the Galileo spacecraft near Io provide evidence of electromagnetic induction from a global conducting layer. We demonstrate that a completely solid mantle provides insufficient response to explain the magnetometer observations, but a global subsurface magma layer with a thickness of over 50 kilometers and a rock melt fraction of 20% or more is fully consistent with the observations. We also place a stronger upper limit of about 110 nanoteslas (surface equatorial field) on the dynamo dipolar field generated inside Io.
The Literature of the Indian Diaspora: Between Theory and Archive

The literature of the Indian diaspora constitutes an important part of the burgeoning field of anglophone postcolonial literature. Some of the better-known authors in this archive include V.S. Naip...
Decoration with ceria nanoparticles activates inert gold island/film surfaces for the CO oxidation reaction

Ceria nanoparticles (<5 nm) were deposited on a polycrystalline gold film supported on SiO2/Si substrate in an e-beam apparatus, and the catalytic activity of the inverse CeO2/Au structure for the CO oxidation reaction was evaluated at ambient pressure in a recycle reactor. The gold film contained large crystal grains (lateral size in tens and hundreds of nanometers) and was nearly inert. CeO2 nanoparticles deposited directly on the silicon substrate were also inert. However, decoration of the gold film with CeO2 nanoparticles produced an activity enhancement of three orders of magnitude. This induced activation of the gold surface atoms at the interface with ceria nanoparticles was independent of the grain size of the gold film but proportional to the amount of CeO2. No visible reconstruction of the Au surface upon ceria deposition was found by TEM. XPS analysis identified a high concentration of Ce3+ in the ceria nanoparticles, but was not useful in identifying the state of the interfacial gold atoms. In stability studies, it was found that deactivation was accompanied by a decrease in the Ce3+ concentration. The Au interfacial atom-TOF of the inverse CeO2/Au film structures and Au/CeO2 nanoparticles was similar, as was the apparent activation energy, Eapp = 49 ± 9 kJ/mol, indicating a common reaction mechanism.
Selective Filtration of Antibiotics Through Collodion Membranes

Marked differences were noted among 14 antibiotics in their filterability through collodion (nitrated cellulose) membranes. The findings could not be attributed to differences in molecular weight or degree of serum protein binding, although the latter factor imposed an additional restraint on the passage of certain agents. Poorly filtered antibiotics appeared to be absorbed by the collodion. Some of these observations might be accounted for by the known ability of nitrated cellulose to interact with anions. However, the extreme differences in filterability among the various penicillins and the very restricted passage of certain cationic antibiotics appeared to be better explained by intrinsic differences in the diffusibility of these agents through water. Although differential filtration offers a means of assaying samples containing certain mixtures of antibiotics, the degree of separation exhibited by collodion membranes is not sufficient to make them useful for clinical purposes.
Magnetization Induced by Optical Pumping in Antiferromagnetic Mn F 2

We have generated magnetization in antiferromagnetic Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ by selectively pumping the lowest $^{6}A_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}T_{1}$ sublattice excitons (or exciton-magnon band) with a pulsed, tunable dye laser. Intersublattice relaxation processes were studied by observing the creation and decay of specific excitations, as induction signals. The exciton relaxation time decreases with increasing temperature and pumping power. We interpret this as intersublattice relaxation assisted by thermally excited magnons.
Calculations of Electronic Excitation Transfer: Applications to Ordered Phases in Polymeric Materials

A general treatment of electronic excitation transfer (EET) for any random or nonrandom chromophore distribution is applied to finite-volume systems which can be modeled as spherical shells of finite thickness, cylinders, and lamellae. These geometries were chosen because they occur in a wide variety of materials of interest in synthetic polymer research, as well as in biological systems. The EET dynamics are described by the function 〈Gs(t)〉, the probability of finding the excitation on the originally excited chromophore. 〈Gs(t)〉 is directly related to the observables in fluorescence anisotropy and lifetime experiments, for donor−donor and donor−trap EET, respectively. The method is shown to be accurate in the limits for which analytical expressions in closed form are available. The model's usefulness in experimental design is demonstrated for the case of coronal swelling in spherical micelles of diblock copolymers. It was found that random labeling of the blocks which form coronae is the preferred metho...
Multiple risk factors do not identify cocaine use in rural obstetrical patients

Abstract This nonconcurrent, cohort study of consecutive admissions to one of three hospital units: labor and delivery ( n = 474), well-born nursery ( n = 100), and the neonatal intensive care unit ( n = 100), was designed to determine the prevalence of cocaine exposure in a rural obstetrical sample and to determine the relationship between exposure and perinatal variables. Urines were analyzed for benzoylecgonine, and the Obstetrical Complications Scale was completed for each mother-infant pair. Elementary comparisons were made using x 2 analyses and Student's t test. Stepwise discriminant and discriminant function analyses were performed. The prevalence of exposure in the three groups of subjects ranged from 5%–7%. No significant differences in perinatal variables were found between users and nonusers in either of the newborn samples. In the maternal sample the groups differed on twelve mother or infant factors. However, no single variable or set of variables predicted use versus nonuse in any of the groups.
Comparative Recovery to the Creel, Movement and Growth of Rainbow Trout Stocked in the Great Lakes

Abstract Stocking of hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in the Great Lakes may be a valuable management practice because the survivors, when caught by anglers, are relatively large fish. In this study we planted 132,973 tagged rainbow trout during 1955–59 at 29 locations along Michigan shores of the Great Lakes and Burt Lake. Three stocks of 2- to 3-year-old trout were used: (1) progeny of Michigan hatchery brood stock, (2) progeny of Great-Lakes-run rainbow trout and (3) progeny of sea-run rainbow (steelhead) trout from the State of Washington. Matched plants were used to study four factors that might have influenced recovery rates, namely: (1) month of planting, (2) stock of trout, (3) size of trout, and (4) location of planting (stream versus lake). These, and other plants, also provided information on movement, growth and maturity of rainbow trout in the Great Lakes. The effect of the four factors on angler catch and trout movement and growth was determined by voluntary reports of recover...
Diel patterns of planktonic bioluminescence in the northern Sargasso Sea

Day-night changes in the vertical distribution, intensity, and size of bioluminescence flashes were investigated during a series of cruises to the northern Sargasso Sea in 1987 and 1988. Overall, depth integrated bioluminescence potential and flash density estimated from in situ measurements with a pumping bathyphotometer were 2 to 5 x higher at midnight than at midday. Depths from 50 to 100 m exhibited the most substantial day to night increases in bioluminescence potential and flash density. When classified by flash size (photon output per flash event), the increase from day to night was significant for all flash sizes, but was most dramatic for small flashes producing <7 x 108 photons flash-1. Bioluminescence potential and flash density increased 2 to 3 x during bathyphotometer measurements made at dusk. Bioluminescent light budgets estimated from day and night net collections in May and August 1987 also predicted 2.5 x higher nighttime than daytime mesoplankton bioluminescence. However, large bioluminescent taxa (mesoplankton) capable of significant vertical migrations only contributed on the order of 15% of the total bioluminescence in surface waters. Our results do not support the idea that most of the nightly increase in bioluminescence potential and flash density are due to vertical migration of bioluminescent organisms; rather they are consistent with an alternate view that photoinhibition of bioluminescent flashing by dinoflagellates may be primarily responsible for the diel patterns.
A Process-Centric Problem Formulation for Decision-Based Design

Although recent work in Decision-Based Design (DBD) recognizes the need for an enterprise perspective in which the expected net revenue is the primary driver of utility, for the overwhelming majority of contributions in the DBD literature, the emphasis in the problem formulation is exclusively on the design artifact. This formulation of DBD problems is too narrow in scope, in that the use of resources during the design and development phase is overlooked. This omission makes it impossible to consider tradeoffs between the design artifact and the design process. In this paper, we reformulate the DBD problem in terms of the design process rather than the artifact. This new formulation more accurately represents the tradeoffs under consideration in an enterprise context and simplifies to the traditional DBD formulation if design phase resource use is assumed to be negligible. As a first step towards establishing this new formulation, a simple example problem is introduced and solved. The example involves a choice between two concepts, with an option to perform an analysis to reduce the uncertainty. Although several simplifying assumptions are made in this work that are not likely to apply in practical design problems, the intent of this work is to qualitatively explore the impact of relaxing some of the assumptions made implicitly in previous work in DBD. These assumptions include ignoring the costs of the design phase as well as the assumption that the value of a particular information source is independent of the ability to gain additional information from subsequent analyses. Solving the design process decision problem in this manner confirms the intuition that an analysis is worth performing only when the cost is low, the quality is high, and there is significant overlap in the predicted utility of the two concepts. In addition, this new DBD formulation is compared to related work in information economics, and we show that the new DBD formulation provides a more comprehensive model of the problem when a sequence of information sources is available.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Optimizing the Imperfect Oxidation Performance of Iron Aluminides

Iron aluminides (Fe 3 Al-based) are attractive corrosion-resistant, high temperature materials due to their excellent sulfidation resistance and large Al reservoir. However, at high temperatures (>1000°C) iron aluminides show excessive scale spallation compared to doped FeCrAl. This behavior is attributed to the inherently high coefficient of thermal expansion of these materials which results in higher cooling strains in the alumina scale. Although this problem cannot be corrected by minor alloying additions or impurity control, composition optimization can still be used to maximize performance. A multi-year effort has examined various reactive element additions and shown that optimized Hf doping (0.05 at.% Hf) provides the best observed oxidation performance at 1100-1200°C. Hafnium lowers the scale growth rate by an order of magnitude compared to undoped Fe 3 Al, but does not improve the resistance to scale spallation. Possible mechanisms for the role of Hf on the scale growth rate are discussed.
Inflation and real sectoral output shares: Dynamic panel model evidence from seven OECD countries

Abstract Models of the cost of inflation often conclude that inflation misallocates resources. For example, inflation may lead to an increase in the variability of relative prices and it is often claimed that this increase in variability leads to a misallocation of resources. This claim raises the following empirical question, does inflation alter the composition of real output; that is, does it change real output shares? We examine this question using dynamic panel data methods for nine sector panels each with seven OECD countries from 1970 to 2005. We find evidence that inflation changes the real shares of some sectors even when inflation is treated as endogenous.
Spectrochemical Measurements with Multichannel Integrating Detectors

This is the second article in a two-part series describing the operation, performance characteristics, and spectroscopic application of charge transfer devices (CTDs) in analytical chemistry. The first article in the series describes the new generation of integrating multichannel detectors, the charge injection device (CID), and the charge-coupled device (CCD). The first article also discusses the spectroscopically pertinent characteristics of these detectors and presents performance data for representative devices. This article covers three major topics related to the optimum use of integrating detectors in analytical spectroscopy. The advantages of employing integrating multichannel detectors in analytical spectroscopy, rather than a single detector in a wavelength scanning system or an interferometer, are discussed. Included are detector read noise considerations which have not been considered in previous performance comparisons. When one is employing an integrating detector in luminescence, absorption, and emission applications, achievable sensitivity is dependent on differing detector parameters. In the first case, quantum efficiency and read noise are of the greatest importance, whereas in the later two cases, dynamic range is most significant. The calculation of minimum detectable analyte signal for these three techniques illustrates the differences between integrating detectors and detectors which produce a photocurrent. This discussion also illustrates the great sensitivity that can be achieved with a modern CTD detector. Factors pertaining to the optical design of spectrometers which efficiently use CTDs are presented, along with examples of linear and two-dimensional dispersive polychromators employing CTDs. Low-light-level imaging and a nonconventional method of using a CCD for rapid scanning spectro-photometry are also discussed.
Motivational enhancement and other brief interventions for adolescent substance abuse: foundations, applications and evaluations.

Aims To present a comprehensive review of the use of motivational enhancement and other brief interventions for substance use in adolescents. Methods In this paper, we review the major theoretical foundations and influences of brief interventions (including motivational interviewing), consider developmental issues in its application for adolescents, discuss methodological issues in the design and implementation of brief interventions, including the assessment of treatment fidelity, evaluate and interpret the latest findings on brief interventions for adolescents and young people and discuss the issue of translating and exporting effective research into practice. Findings Results from recent clinical trials using motivational interventions indicate that these approaches result in decreases in substance-related negative consequences and problems, decrements in substance use and increased treatment engagement, with results particularly strong for those with heavier substance use patterns and/or less motivation to change. Conclusion While results are promising, more research is needed to examine the essential elements of motivational interventions, for whom they work best, and their impact on developmental transitions during adolescence.
Control of Lower-Limb Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean by Diapycnal Mixing and Mesoscale Eddy Transfer

A simple model is developed of the lower limb of the meridional overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean based on residual-mean theory. It is hypothesized that the strength of the lower-limb overturning () is strongly controlled by the magnitude of abyssal diapycnal mixing () and that of mesoscale eddy transfer (K ). In particular, it is argued that K. The scaling and associated theory find support in a suite of sensitivity experiments with an idealized ocean general circulation model. This study shows that intense diapycnal mixing is required to close the buoyancy budget of the lower-limb overturning circulation, in contrast to the upper limb, where air–sea buoyancy fluxes can provide the required diabatic forcing.
Regulation of Streptococcus mutans PTSBio by the transcriptional repressor NigR

Streptococcus mutans is implicated in human dental caries, and the carbohydrate metabolism of this organism plays an important role in the formation of this disease. Carbohydrate transport and metabolism are essential for the survival of S. mutans in the oral cavity. It is known that a unique phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system PTS(B) (io) of S. mutans UA159 is expressed in sucrose-grown biofilms (Mol Oral Microbiol 28: 2013; 114). In this study we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of the operon (O(B) (io) ) encoding the PTS(B) (io) and showed that it was repressed by NigR, a LacI-like transcriptional regulator. Using electro-mobility shift assay, we described two operators to which NigR bound with different affinities. We also identified the transcriptional start site and showed that one of the operators overlaps with the promoter and presumably represses initiation of transcription. Mutational analyses revealed the key nucleotides in the operators required for high-affinity binding of NigR. PTS(B) (io) is expressed in S. mutans biofilms so understanding its regulation may provide improved strategies for caries treatment and prevention.
The generalizability of a participant registry for minority health research.

Purpose: Effective strategies to recruit minority elders into health research (e.g., through churches, partnering with community gatekeepers) often involve nonrandom sampling methods. The current study has two aims: (a) to examine some new practices in recruitment of African American elders and (b) to determine the similarities and differences of the volunteers in the Healthier Black Elders (HBE) Participant Resource Pool (PRP), with a population-based community sample from the Detroit Health Needs Assessment (Chapleski, E. E. (2002). Facing the future: City of Detroit needs assessment). Detroit, MI: Wayne State University. Design and Methods: A community-based participatory research approach was used to establish the HBE as an educational and support program in Detroit and to use HBE to launch a research participant registry of older Black adults. Data were drawn from a community-based telephone survey of 723 older African American elders aged 60 years and older recruited into the PRP registry. Results: PRP participants had some differences from those in the Detroit Health Needs Assessment. These included that older women had a significantly higher partici patory rate compared with their male counterparts. African American women in the PRP reported a modestly healthier life with less disability compared with their Detroit Health Needs Assessment counterparts, whereas for men, it was the reverse for chronic diseases. The PRP was able to attract a significantly higher percentage of older old compared with the population=based survey. Implications: Study findings suggest that the HBE approach of recruiting African American elders in health research appears effective and to have some unique strengths.
Algorithms for sorting arbitrary input using a fixed-size parallel sorting device

A simple computing model for sorting an arbitrary number of elements using a fixed-size sorting device is proposed, and a framework for designing a class of parallel sorting algorithms under this model is presented.
Relating color working memory and color perception

Color is the most frequently studied feature in visual working memory (VWM). Oddly, much of this work de-emphasizes perception, instead making simplifying assumptions about the inputs served to memory. We question these assumptions in light of perception research, and we identify important points of contact between perception and working memory in the case of color. Better characterization of its perceptual inputs will be crucial for elucidating the structure and function of VWM.
Microfibrous Entrapped Catalysts for Cleaning Aircraft Cabin Air: VOC Removal at Ultra-Short Short Contact Times

Purification of breathing air in an aircraft cabin is important to ensure the safety and the comfort for both passengers and airline personnel. Among various molecular contaminants, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important class of contaminants that need purification. Therefore, catalytic removal of VOCs (using a catalytic reactor) from cabin air is of utmost importance. Weight and volume of the catalytic reactors are important factors to be considered. Furthermore, the catalytic reactors should be able to operate at high face velocity of the jet engine bleed air. Catalyst-coated-monolith and packed-bed reactors are intended for this purpose but they were originally developed for different operating conditions. These current techniques result high pressure drop, and low fluid-solid mass transfer rate at such high face velocity and operating temperature. A unique class of composite material, microfibrous entrapped catalyst (MFEC), prepared by traditional low cost paper making technique, can entrap small catalyst particulates into sinter-locked networks of metal microfibers. These materials can be tailored to high and variable voidage, and are in the form of thin flexible sheets which have the ability of pleating. MFEC with the pleated configuration (Number of pleat 4) exhibits significant reduction in pressure drop, and higher catalyst utilization. Also, entrapped small particles in MFEC enhance interphase and intra-particle mass transfer rates. Catalytic oxidation of n-hexane (a model VOC), in a prototype aircraft cabin catalytic converter, was investigated at typical face velocities (from 10 to 30 m/s). This high face velocity resulted intra-bed/intra-layer residence times from 350 μsec to 115 μsec. This paper discusses the performance of MFEC for VOC removal from aircraft cabins in terms of pressure drop and oxidation at short contact time. Results of this study have shown significant improvement in overall system performance. Catalyst characterization and detailed reaction kinetics will be discussed using the experimental findings.
Picky eating in adults: results of a web-based survey.

Objective: To gather information about picky eating and its correlates in adults and to determine whether picky eating is distinct from other eating disorder symptoms. Method: Nearly 6,895 adults completed a web-based survey of picky eating behaviors, eating disorder symptoms, and putative associated features. Latent class analysis was used to identify groups based on picky eating and eating disorder symptoms, and groups were compared on salient demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: The latent class analysis identified four distinct groups that differed in severity of clinical correlates and levels of impairment. Morbidity was highest in the comorbid picky eating/eating disorder group, followed by the eating disorder, picky eating, and low pathology groups, respectively. Discussion: Future research is needed to document the continuity of picky eating from childhood, establish the epidemiology of picky eating in adults, clarify thresholds of clinical significance, and elucidate clinical features that will inform nosology. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Branched-chain 2-keto acid decarboxylases derived from Psychrobacter

The conversion of branched-chain amino acids to branched-chain acids or alcohols is an important aspect of flavor in the food industry and is dependent on the Ehrlich pathway found in certain lactic acid bacteria. A key enzyme in the pathway, the 2-keto acid decarboxylase (KDC), is also of interest in biotechnology applications to produce small branched-chain alcohols that might serve as improved biofuels or other commodity feedstocks. This enzyme has been extensively studied in the model bacterium Lactococcus lactis, but is also found in other bacteria and higher organisms. In this report, distinct homologs of the L. lactis KDC originally annotated as pyruvate decarboxylases from Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 and P. arcticus 273-4 were cloned and characterized, confirming a related activity toward specific branched-chain 2-keto acids derived from branched-chain amino acids. Further, KDC activity was confirmed in intact cells and cell-free extracts of P. cryohalolentis K5 grown on both rich and defined media, indicating that the Ehrlich pathway may also be utilized in some psychrotrophs and psychrophiles. A comparison of the similarities and differences in the P. cryohalolentis K5 and P. arcticus 273-4 KDC activities to other bacterial KDCs is presented.
Functional imaging of stimulus convergence in amygdalar neurons during Pavlovian fear conditioning.

Background: Associative conditioning is a ubiquitous form of learning throughout the animal kingdom and fear conditioning is one of the most widely researched models for studying its neurobiological basis. Fear conditioning is also considered a model system for understanding phobias and anxiety disorders. A fundamental issue in fear conditioning regards the existence and location of neurons in the brain that receive convergent information about the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during the acquisition of conditioned fear memory. Convergent activation of neurons is generally viewed as a key event for fear learning, yet there has been almost no direct evidence of this critical event in the mammalian brain. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we used Arc cellular compartmental analysis of temporal gene transcription by fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH) to identify neurons activated during single trial contextual fear conditioning in rats. To conform to temporal requirements of catFISH analysis we used a novel delayed contextual fear conditioning protocol which yields significant single- trial fear conditioning with temporal parameters amenable to catFISH analysis. Analysis yielded clear evidence that a population of BLA neurons receives convergent CS and US information at the time of the learning, that this only occurs when the CS-US arrangement is supportive of the learning, and that this process requires N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. In contrast, CS-US convergence was not observed in dorsal hippocampus. Conclusions/Significance: Based on the pattern of Arc activation seen in conditioning and control groups, we propose that a key requirement for CS-US convergence onto BLA neurons is the potentiation of US responding by prior exposure to a novel CS. Our results also support the view that contextual fear memories are encoded in the amygdala and that the role of dorsal hippocampus is to process and transmit contextual CS information.
(2) Accuracy of stream‐forecasts on the Boise River, Idaho, 1939

My letter to R. A. Work [p. 980] represents the forecast-accuracy for 1939 on the Boise River, for which the longest snow-survey record is available. Since it is brief, it will be requoted here: “William Tuller, the Project Manager of Boise Project, forecasted the Boise River runoff at 1,400,000 to 1,500,000 acre-feet. It actually amounted to 1,364,000 acre-feet. About 100,000 acre-feet ran to waste. An available supply of 1,400,000 acre-feet was needed to fill all water-rights.”
Chemisorption of Moisture-Induced Hydrogen and the Embrittlement Effects in Transition Metal Aluminides

Based on simple thermodynamic models free energies of chemisorption of water vapor in transition metal aluminides and enthalpies and entropies of formation of solid solutions of hydrogen in the aluminides are derived. Susceptibilities of the aluminides to moisture-induced embrittlement are evaluated with these thermodynamic properties and compared with the susceptibilities to hydrogen-induced embrittlement.
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Restores Menaquinone Synthesis to a Menaquinone-Negative Mutant

The mechanisms underlying the use of insoluble electron acceptors by metal-reducing bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, are currently under intensive study. Current models for shuttling electrons across the outer membrane (OM) of MR-1 include roles for OM cytochromes and the possible excretion of a redox shuttle. While MR-1 is able to release a substance that restores the ability of a menaquinone (MK)-negative mutant, CMA-1, to reduce the humic acid analog anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), cross-feeding experiments conducted here showed that the substance released by MR-1 restores the growth of CMA-1 on several soluble electron acceptors. Various strains derived from MR-1 also release this substance; these include mutants lacking the OM cytochromes OmcA and OmcB and the OM protein MtrB. Even though strains lacking OmcB and MtrB cannot reduce Fe(III) or AQDS, they still release a substance that restores the ability of CMA-1 to use MK-dependent electron acceptors, including AQDS and Fe(III). Quinone analysis showed that this released substance restores MK synthesis in CMA-1. This ability to restore MK synthesis in CMA-1 explains the cross-feeding results and challenges the previous hypothesis that this substance represents a redox shuttle that facilitates metal respiration.
Inactivated or Live-Attenuated Bivalent Vaccines That Confer Protection against Rabies and Ebola Viruses

The search for a safe and efficacious vaccine for Ebola virus continues, as no current vaccine candidate is nearing licensure. We have developed (i) replication-competent, (ii) replication-deficient, and (iii) chemically inactivated rabies virus (RABV) vaccines expressing Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) glycoprotein (GP) by a reverse genetics system based on the SAD B19 RABV wildlife vaccine. ZEBOV GP is efficiently expressed by these vaccine candidates and is incorporated into virions. The vaccine candidates were avirulent after inoculation of adult mice, and viruses with a deletion in the RABV glycoprotein had greatly reduced neurovirulence after intracerebral inoculation in suckling mice. Immunization with live or inactivated RABV vaccines expressing ZEBOV GP induced humoral immunity against each virus and conferred protection from both lethal RABV and EBOV challenge in mice. The bivalent RABV/ZEBOV vaccines described here have several distinct advantages that may speed the development of inactivated vaccines for use in humans and potentially live or inactivated vaccines for use in nonhuman primates at risk of EBOV infection in endemic areas.
Buffer management for wireless media streaming

We study playout buffer management at the receiver for supporting multimedia streaming services over unreliable wireless links. On one hand, memory is a precious resource on portable wireless devices and must be used judiciously. On the other hand, allocating a big playout buffer to a media streaming application reduces the probability of a playout interruption/freeze due to buffer underflow, thus improving the user's perceived experience. Thus, inherent in the wireless media streaming scenario is a tradeoff between memory utilization and quality-of-service (QoS) delivered to the application layer. We study this buffer vs. QoS tradeoff in a dynamic programming (DP) framework. Within the same setting, we also address the issue of determining the optimal rebuffering level when the buffer underflows. Leveraging closed form solutions obtained for a special case of our formulation, we propose BuM, a very low complexity heuristic dynamic buffer management algorithm. The near optimality of BuM, as demonstrated by experimental results, in conjunction with its ease of implementation, makes it an attractive option from a practical perspective.
Theory of hydrogen interactions with amorphous silicon

We present an overview of recent results for hydrogen interactions with amorphous silicon (a-Si), based on first- principles calculations. We review the current understanding regarding molecular hydrogen, and show that H2 molecules are far less inert than previously assumed. We then discuss results for motion of hydrogen through the material, as relating to diffusion and defect formation. We present a microscopic mechanism for hydrogen-hydrogen exchange, and examine the metastable ≡ SiH2 complex formed during the exchange process. We also discuss the enhanced stability of Si-D compared to Si-H bonds, which may provide a means of suppressing light-induced defect generation.
Toward a Descriptive Stakeholder Theory: an Organizational Life Cycle Approach

We integrate theory and research from disparate areas to develop a descriptive stakeholder theory. We (1) show that at any given organizational life cycle stage, certain stakeholders, because of their potential to satisfy critical organizational needs, will be more important than others; (2) identify specific stakeholders likely to become more or less important as an organization evolves from one stage to the next; and (3) propose that the strategy an organization uses to deal with each stakeholder will depend on the importance of that stakeholder to the organization relative to other stakeholders.
Harmonic scheduling of linear recurrences for digital filter design

Linear difference equations involving recurrences are fundamental equations that describe many important signal processing applications. For many high sample rate digital filter applications, it is necessary to effectively parallelize the linear difference equations used to describe digital filters. This is difficult because of the recurrences inherent in the data dependences. The authors present a novel approach, harmonic scheduling, that exploits parallelism in these recurrences beyond loop-carried dependencies, and which generates optimal schedules for parallel evaluation of linear difference equations with resource constraints. This approach also enables the derivation of a parallel schedule with minimum control overhead, given an execution time with resource constraints. A harmonic scheduling algorithm is presented to generate optimal schedules for digital filters described by second-order difference equations with resource constraints. >
Application-independent defect-tolerant crossbar nano-architectures

Defect tolerance is a major issue in nano computing. In this paper, an application-independent defect tolerant scheme for reconfigurable crossbar nano-architectures is presented. Architectural features are developed to reliably connect local defect-free subsets of crossbars in order to generate a defect-free architecture. It is also shown how to further reduce the area overhead associated with this flow by relaxing some constraints on the defect-free subsets. Experimental results show more than 9x reduction in the area overhead without any negative impact on the usability of modified defect-free subsets.
A Study of Infrasound Propagation Using Dense Seismic Network Recordings of Surface Explosions

Abstract We use dense seismic network recordings of accurately located surface explosions in northern Utah to shed light on the propagation of infrasound through the stratosphere. The data clearly show propagation of infrasound downwind from the source, as expected. The data also clearly show the penetration of infrasound into geometric shadow zones near the source and the spread of infrasound to a distance of 800 km from the source. The spread of infrasound both toward and away from the source is not predicted by applying either ray theory or the full‐wave finite‐difference technique to smooth ground‐to‐space (G2S) models. The mismatch between synthetics and data suggest a missing component in these models, possibly a small‐scale gravity‐wave structure. Comparison of the network recordings of approximately 1500 infrasound signals with travel‐time predictions based on rays shows no significant average bias in the travel times. On average, recorded signals arrived 1 s earlier than predictions. Travel‐time residuals are normally distributed about the mean with a standard deviation of 15 s. The small bias of the travel‐time predictions indicates that despite the fact that small‐scale structure is averaged out of commonly used G2S models, the large‐scale structure of the atmosphere is accurately represented. The scatter of travel‐time residuals is suggestive of small‐scale structure missing from the models that we used to make the predictions, but firm conclusions would require a more in‐depth study.
Electrophysiologic endocardial mapping from a noncontact nonexpandable catheter: a validation study of a geometry-based concept.

Electrophysiologic Noncontact Endocardial Mapping. Introduction: The need for high-resulution simultaneous mapping of cardiac excitation and arrhythmias on a heat-hy-heat basis is widely recognized. Here we validate a noncontact mapping approach that combines a spiral catheter design with mathematical reconstruction to generate potential maps, electrograms, and activation maps (isochrones) on the entire left ventricular endocardial surface during a single beat. The approach is applicable to any heart chamher. Methods and Results: The catheter is 3 mm (9 French) in diameter and carries 96 electrodes. Reconstruction accuracy is evaluated through direct comparison with endocardial data measured with 95 needle electrodes. Results show that endocardial potentials, electrograms, and isochrones are reconstructed with good accuracy during pacing from single or multiple sites (simulating ectopic activity). Pacing sites can be located to within 5 mm of their actual position, and intersite distances of 17 mm can be resolved during dual pacing. The reconstructed potential pattern reflects the intramural depth of pacing. The reconstructions are robust in the presence of geometric errors, and the accuracy is minimally reduced when only 62 catheter electrodes are used (32 are sufficient for pacing site localization). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that simultaneous endocardial mapping can be accomplished during a single beat from a spiral-shaped noncontact catheter with good accuracy.