cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rigorous scalar modeling of Er- and Er/Yb-doped waveguide lasers

A rigorous scalar model for predicting the characteristics of rare-earth-doped waveguide lasers has been developed. The model consists of two nonhomogeneous wave equations: one for the forward-propagating laser signal power, the other for the backward-propagating laser signal. These equations are coupled with one forward-propagating, nonhomogeneous wave equation representing the pump signal. The three wave equations are coupled with the space dependent laser rate equations to form a system of time dependent differential equations. This large system of equations is solved, using appropriate initial and boundary conditions, by the method of lines using collocation for the spatial approximation. The solutions to this system yield data which predict the time and position-dependent laser signal power, pump power, and population densities in a waveguide laser cavity supporting an arbitrary guided mode. The assumptions made in this new model are that the transverse field maintains the same shape as a function of longitudinal position in the laser cavity and that the effects of spatial hole burning and standing waves are neglected. We have used this model to predict continuous wave and Q-switched laser performance for Er an Er/Yb-doped lasers. We have achieved favorable comparisons with actual laboratory operation of cw Yb/Er-co- doped waveguide lasers. Results from simulations of Er-doped and Yb/Er-doped Q-switched lasers are presented which show that high peak powers on the order of 500 W and 1 ns pulse widths can be achieved.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Strategy and International Politics

This volume consists of a series of essays that were published in substantially the same form in various scholarly journals in 1957-1960. In them, Schelling attempts to adapt game theory to sociologically relevant aspects of the strategic process not encompassed within the formal mathematics of the theory. Thus his book represents a strikingly original contribution to the literature. In general, the essays share the theme that formal game theory is not a sufficiently good tool for sociological analysis of the bargaining process that takes place in real life. (This contention would not be denied by orthodox game theorists, since they do not regard the provision of such a tool as the purpose of game theory.) Except for this unifying thread, the various aspects of Schelling's analysis do not seem to me to evince a consistent point of view. To press this point, however, would be pedantic, for in The Strategy of Conflict the reader will discover a number of illuminating and penetrating sociological analyses of strategic problems.
Oncogenes and signal transduction

The purpose of this review is to incorporate recent discoveries into a general biochemical pathway by wich the protein products of the oncogenes send signals from the cell surface to the nucleus .The protein-tyrosine kinase oncogenes will be the primary focus of the review .However, biochemical connections between the protein tyrosine kinases and oncoproteins of the Ras,Raf,Fos,Jun,and Rel families as well as the protein kinase C family are also discussed .
Some asymptotic results in finite populations

In this paper we investigate limiting properties of predictors of some finite population quantities. Both, the sample size and the population size are considered to become large. Limiting properties like consistency and asymptotic normality of the best linear unbiased predictors of the population total and of the finite population regression coefficient are investigated.
A logic programming approach to revealed preference theory

This paper shows the direct translation of revealed preference theory into a logic program. Tests of exact and approximate rationality based on the economic theory of revealed preference are presented in PROLOG. A special case of homothetic preference of the consumer behavior is also considered.
Neurotrophin Receptor Interacting Factor (NRIF) Is an Essential Mediator of Apoptotic Signaling by the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor

Activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor leads to a variety of effects within the nervous system, including neuronal apoptosis. Both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the tumor suppressor p53 have been reported to be critical for this receptor to induce cell death; however, the mechanisms by which p75 activates these pathways is undetermined. Here we report that the neurotrophin receptor interacting factor (NRIF) is necessary for p75-dependent JNK activation and apoptosis. Upon nerve growth factor withdrawal, nrif–/– sympathetic neurons underwent apoptosis, whereas p75-mediated death was completely abrogated. The lack of cell death correlated with a lack of JNK activation in the nrif–/– neurons, suggesting that NRIF is a selective mediator for p75-dependent JNK activation and apoptosis. Moreover, we document that NRIF expression is sufficient to induce cell death through a mechanism that requires p53. Taken together, these results establish NRIF as an essential component of the p75 apoptotic pathway.
Severe health anxiety: why it persists and how to treat it.

Hypochondriasis (HA) involves the fear of serious illness despite appropriate reassurances. BecauseHA is associated with patients’ personal suffering and clinical management problems, it is important for clinicians to be knowledgeable about current conceptual and treatment approaches to this problem.
Tumors of Heschl's gyrus: report of two cases.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:The clinical presentation and treatment of patients with lesions involving Heschl's gyrus is reported. Intraoperative bipolar cortical stimulation mapping of Heschl's gyrus has not been previously reported. Only monopolar stimulation of this region (with potential electrical
Evaluating Videotaped Role-Modeling to Teach Crisis Resource Management Principles

Abstract Introduction This descriptive pilot study compares the effectiveness of the addition of videotaped role-modeling to a traditional method of teaching Crisis Resource Management (CRM) principles and clinical management of pediatric patients with respiratory distress. Method Data were collected from nurse practitioner students ( N = 16) to evaluate knowledge, self-efficacy, team behaviors, and technical skills at 3 time-points. All students participated in a Pretest (Time 1) scenario and CRM lecture. Group A (control; n = 8) received no further intervention. Group B (experimental group; n = 8) watched a videotape of experts modeling CRM. All groups completed another scenario (Time 2). Twelve weeks later, each group completed a third scenario (Time 3). Satisfaction was measured at 2 times. Results No differences were noted in knowledge, self-efficacy, or technical skills between the groups at the 3 times. There was a significant difference between the groups on both the Pretest and Posttest 1 on team behaviors. Satisfaction scores showed no differences between the groups. Discussion One experience watching a 15-minute role-modeling videotape may not be an effective means of instruction for CRM principles or clinical management of pediatric patients.
The relationship of modernity of sex roles to pregnancy planning.

Abstract This study investigates the relationship of modernity of sex roles to pregnancy planning. Scanzoni's Modernity of Sex Roles instrument was administered to 59 primiparous women who had given birth in a metropolitan midwestern hospital. Discriminant function analysis found six of the Scanzoni items to significantly discriminate between planners and nonplanners. The findings are discussed in terms of the measurement properties of the Scanzoni instrument and its usefulness for predicting pregnancy planning.
Fabrication of cross-linked carbon nanotube foam using polymethylmethacrylate microspheres as templates

Assembling carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into macroscopic and engineered structures with desired configuration and properties is the key step to realize their extensive applications. We devised a simple and scalable method to fabricate three-dimensional CNT foams using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres as templates and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a precursor to create crosslinks among CNTs. The porosity and the pore size of the CNT foam can be tuned easily by adjusting the concentration and particle size of the PMMA spheres. The assembled CNT foams have a hierarchically porous structure and the pore size ranges from several nanometers to tens of micrometers. The effect of PAN on crosslinking CNTs was evaluated by using ultrathin freestanding CNT sheets. The structural observations and mechanical property improvement demonstrate that the PAN polymer converts into graphitic structures and accumulates at the joints of CNTs after thermal treatment at 1000 °C, which strengthen CNT assembly.
Ureide metabolism in castor beans. Evidence for a particle-bound allantoinase

Abstract Allantoinase in germinating castor beans has been detected in a solubilized preparation. Unlike the enzyme reported in legumes this one is absent in dormant seed. It appears to be associated with some particulate material and was freed from its bound form with sodium desoxycholate. It has a pH optimum of 7·5–7·6 and a K m of 13·8 mM (Lineweaver-Burk).
A case of 46,XY-45,X-46,XX intersex.

A case of 46,XY/45,X/46,XX mosaicism in a phenotypic intersex is decribed in detail. A few relevant aspects, which emerge especially from the phenotypic and karyotypic analysis, are briefly commented upon.
Provision of Folate Cofactors Regulates Serine and Glycine Biosynthesis in Fetal Ovine Hepatocytes

Provision of Folate Cofactors Regulates Serine and Glycine Biosynthesis in Fetal Ovine Hepatocytes
Asymptotic analysis of the Riemann problem for constant coefficient hyperbolic systems with relaxation

The discontinuous Riemann initial value problem is considered for dissipative, constant coefficient hyperbolic systems with relaxation source terms. A short-time asymptotic expansion, a specialization of the results of Le Floch and Raviart [11], is constructed for the general linear system. Exact rates for the decay of the initial discontinuities are found to be in agreement with recent results from other approaches. A multiple scales analysis is used to identify the long-time asymptotic behavior. Many of the results can be exemplified in a simple model problem for which the exact solution can be found.
Being John Doe Malkovich: truth, imagination, and story in medicine.

In the context of evidence-based science, where all truth has become knowable though rigorous experimentation and interpretation, the ambiguity and complexity of patient stories render them too often at the margins of medical practice. Stories that are not corroborated by "scientific evidence" are "false" and their tellers deemed "bad historians." In the increasingly technical world of medicine, this logic is in danger of becoming extended to almost all patient stories. Efforts in medical education to honor stories of illness must grapple with the profession's vexed expectations of veracity in patient narratives. This essay will address the issues of truth, representation, and story in medicine with the goal of complicating medicine's understanding of patient narratives. This essay will use narrative cinema—Charlie Kaufman's unusual 1999 film Being John Malkovich—as well as the disciplines of oral history and trauma studies, to expand the frame around medicine's understanding of truth in illness stories.
Geochemical constraints on mantle melting during creation of the North Atlantic basin

THE compositions of magmas produced by decompression melting of upwelling mantle rocks are sensitive to the extent and mean pressure of melting; these, in turn, depend respectively on the depth at which the solidus is encountered1,2 and on the thickness of the lithosphere, which provides a barrier to upwelling mantle2,3. Here we report major- and trace-element data for lavas erupted during rifting of the Greenland–European continent ∼60 Myr ago, which show a trend to higher extents of melting at lower pressures as rifting proceeded. We attribute these changes to progressive thinning of the continental litho-sphere during the initial phase of magmatism. Our analysis also shows that mantle melting began well within the garnet stability field, supporting previous suggestions4–8 that anomalously hot mantle was present beneath the region at the time of rifting. The modest extents of melting that we infer for the earliest rift lavas can largely account for their high contents of incompatible elements, thus reducing the degree of geochemical enrichment ('plume-like' character) required in the mantle source region.
An Assessment of Impulsive Noise via a Double-Ringing Model

The generation and propagation of impulsive noise detected using multiple level detectors on ships's data bus lines is examined in terms of a simple model. This model consists of random switching of an inductive load, followed by near-field coupling, and a double-ringing process. A method of analysis is introduced based on the concept of ?probability of peak.? This considers a generated impulse in terms of its amplitude only, which is assumed to be a random variable. The analysis is applied to a set of data obtained from on-ship measurement, and a match to the model obtained via curve fitting. Independent assessment supports the model, which yields the decrement of both ringing processes, and the likely maximum impulse amplitude.
Prevalence of Mutations in TIGR/Myocilin in Patients with Adult and Juvenile Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

We thank the families for their willing participation. J.L.W. is supported by NIH grants EY10886 and EY09847, Research to Prevent Blindness, and the Massachusetts Lions; D.V. is suported by NIH grant EY11405, the American Health Assistance Foundation, and the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation.
Energy transfer processes for I 2 (χ) of relevance to COIL

Energy transfer processes of highly vibrationally excited I2(X) v equals 23, J equals 57 have been investigated using stimulated emission pumping techniques. Inelastic collisions with O2, H2O, Cl2, and Ar have been characterized. These energy transfer processes are important in the dissociation of I2 in the COIL system. Spectrally and temporally resolved measurements of vibrational and rotational energy transfer have been carried out in room temperature static cells. The results of these experiments have been used to develop a kinetics model to simulate the experimental results and to predict rate constants. This model is based on an energy corrected sudden approximation and includes vibrational energy transfer.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dopamine binding following prolonged haloperidol pretreament

The number of binding sites for tritiated dopamine as well as well as the affinity of 3H-dopamine for dopamine receptors was studied in rats chronically pretreated with the neuroleptic haloperidol. The rats were given haloperidol for 14 or 21 days and were killed on day 21. It was found that 14 days of haloperidol pretreatment followed by drug withdrawal resulted in a 67% increase in the number of 3H-dopamine binding sites in the striatum and a ninefold increase in the affinity constant in the striatum. The same pretreatment regimen had no effect on either the number of receptor sites or the affinity constant in the nucleus accumbens. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic neuroleptic pretreatment results in receptor site hypersensitivity in the striatum, which may be a major factor in the production of tardive dyskinesia.
Estrogen and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: implications for brain aging and Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive decline.

Recent studies suggest that estrogen replacement therapy can reduce the risk and severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related dementia in postmenopausal women. Many different mechanisms by which estrogen therapy may help to reduce the risk and severity of AD-related pathophysiology have been proposed. Recent animal studies suggest that one way in which estrogen replacement may help to reduce cognitive deficits associated with aging and AD is by enhancing the functional status of cholinergic projections to the hippocampus and cortex. Here we review the evidence that estrogen is important in the maintenance of cholinergic neurons projecting to the hippocampus and cortex and that estrogen replacement can enhance the functional status of these neurons, as well as reduce cognitive deficits associated with muscarinic cholinergic impairment. Based on these studies, we conclude that, in animals, short-term treatment with physiological levels of estrogen, or estrogen and progesterone, has significant positive effects on cholinergic neurons in the medial septum and nucleus basalis magnocellularis and on their projections to the hippocampus and cortex. We hypothesize that similar effects in humans may help delay the decline in basal forebrain cholinergic function associated with aging and AD and thereby reduce the risk and severity of AD-related dementia in postmenopausal women.
Impedance change induced by varying polymerization temperature of conducting polymer thin films

In this study, we use a conducting polymer precursor to build layer-by-layer (LbL) films. Thermal conversion of the polymer precursor to conducting polymer makes the LbL films intractable, so the LbL films can be used as protective layers in salt solution. The conducting polymer LbL film shows stabilizing effect on top of another LbL thin film that contains nanoparticles. The LbL film prepared in this study shows a 35-fold increase of conductivity than the literature values obtained from non-conducting polymer films. The stabilization of the films is the result of the polymerization of the conducting polymer, so other anionic polymers or nanoparticles may be used to afford additional functionalities.
The role of stress and family relationships in mediating problem drinking and fathers' personal adjustment

Objective: To test a stress process model in which family stress (negative life events) and fathers' family system resources (marital adjustment and positive father-child relationships) were evaluated as mediators of the relationship between problem drinking (fathers' and mothers') and fathers' personal adjustment. Method: Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data from fathers and mothers in 93 two-parent families with early adolescent children. Results: Fathers' problem drinking contributed marginally to family stress and directly to fathers' diminished personal adjustment. Family stress was related to reduced marital adjustment and personal adjustment. Mothers' problem drinking contributed only to less positive father-child relationships. Conclusions: Stress process models for fathers and mothers differ; in particular, family relationships do not appear to play a significant mediational role for fathers whereas they do for mothers. Interventions for symptomatic fathers might best concentrate...
Realization and simulation of parallel ant colony algorithm to solve WTA problem

In order to resolve the problem that ant colony algorithm solves large-scale WTA (weapon-target assignment) problem will consume a large amount of time, a parallel ant colony algorithm is proposed. Making full use of OpenMP parallel optimization technology, coarse-grained parallel strategy, and the advantage of multi-core in PC, take the cyclic iteration and cyclic assignment, which is the main time-consuming part of ant colony algorithm, into parallel processing. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed parallel ant colony algorithm is efficiency to solve the large-scale WTA problem, improve the search rate for the optimal solution greatly, can satisfy the real-time requirement for WTA decision.
Laboratory Studies of Charging Properties of Dust Grains in Astrophysical/Planetary Environments

Dust grains in various astrophysical environments are generally charged electrostatically by photoelectric emissions with UV/X-ray radiation, as well as by electron/ion impact. Knowledge of physical and optical properties of individual dust grains is required for understanding of the physical and dynamical processes in space environments and the role of dust in formation of stellar and planetary systems. In this paper we focus on charging of individual micron/submicron dust grains by processes that include: (a) UV photoelectric emissions involving incident photon energies higher than the work function of the material and b) electron impact, where low energy electrons are scattered or stick to the dust grains, thereby charging the dust grains negatively, and at sufficiently high energies the incident electrons penetrate the grain leading to excitation and emission of electrons referred to as secondary electron emission (SEE). It is well accepted that the charging properties of individual micron/submicron size dust grains are expected to be substantially different from the bulk materials. However, no viable models for calculation of the charging properties of individual micron size dust grains are available at the present time. Therefore, the photoelectric yields, and secondary electron emission yields of micron-size dust grains have to be obtained by experimental methods. Currently, very limited experimental data are available for charging of individual micron-size dust grains. Our experimental results, obtained on individual, micron-size dust grains levitated in an electrodynamic balance facility (at NASA-MSFC), show that: (1) The measured photoelectric yields are substantially higher than the bulk values given in the literature and indicate a particle size dependence with larger particles having order-of-magnitude higher values than for submicron-size grains; (2) dust charging by low energy electron impact is a complex process. Also, our measurements indicate that the electron impact may lead to charging or discharging of dust grains depending upon the grain size, surface potential, electron energy, electron flux, grain composition, and configuration (e.g. Abbas et al, 2010). Laboratory measurements on charging of analogs of the interstellar dust as well as Apollo 11 dust grains conducted at the NASA-MSFC Dusty Plasma Lab. are presented here
Glucose metabolism by human cataracts in culture.

Metabolism in human senile cataracts has been studied using uniformly labeled [14C]glucose. Intracapsularly extracted lenses were cultured in TC-199 media with a glucose concentration of 5·5 m M . Results show that lactate production accounts for 97% of the glucose metabolized. Under these standard incubation conditions there is negligible accumulation of α-glycerol phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and sorbitol. The rate of lactate production was found to be relatively uniform over a range of cataract severities which were determined from the CCRG classification. The effects of several perturbants in the medium were measured. An ATP concentration of 3 m M was found to inhibit lactate production. Labeled glucose-6-phosphate in the medium was found to produce lactate at a rate approximately one half that of glucose. Elevated glucose concentration resulted in a slight decrease in lactate production and, in some lenses, production of a small amount of sorbitol. Overall, the glycolytic pathway appears to be functioning normally and without regard for cortical and nuclear opacification.
Phase 2 study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus thalidomide in patients with hormone-naïve adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Abstract Objective To assess the efficacy of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in combination with thalidomide on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction in hormone-naive prostate carcinoma (HNPC) patients with rising PSA levels after definitive local treatment. Materials and methods HNPC patients (n = 21) with evidence of progression demonstrated by 3 consecutive rises in PSA and no evidence of radiographic involvement were treated on a chronic dosing schedule with GM-CSF. Patients received 250 μg/m2 (maximum 500 μg) 3 times a wk by subcutaneous injection, with injections at least 24 h apart. Thalidomide administration began concurrently with an initial dose of 100 mg daily for 7 consecutive days. During wk 2 to 4, the dose was escalated every 7 d by 100 mg per individual tolerance to a maximum of 400 mg. The maximum tolerated dose of thalidomide was continued without interruption. PSA, testosterone, and routine laboratory parameters were measured every 6 wk. Results One patient was not evaluable because of noncompliance. For the 20 evaluable patients, baseline PSA levels ranged from 1.3 to 61.0 ng/ml. Nineteen patients left the study at 3.0 to 33.3 mo, secondary to individual tolerance, progressive disease, or development of a second primary tumor. One patient continues to receive therapy at 33.8 mo. Two patients did not respond to the therapy. For the 18 patients who did respond, the median reduction in PSA level was 59% (range 26%–89%), and the median duration of response was 11 mo (range 4.5–36). Grades 1–2 toxicity included peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, skin rash, and constipation. One patient had deep-vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. Conclusions GM-CSF plus thalidomide can be administered successfully with encouraging antitumor activity and reversible toxicity. This may represent an alternative to hormonal therapy.
Development of the fifth generation computer

Abstract This article explores the hardware and software developments leading to the fifth generation computer. New languages, machines, and systems are explained in light of their anticipated contributions to man's uses of fifth generation equipment. Projections of the impacts of this new technology are made to aid the reader in assessing their relevance to his/her life and work in the future.
A framework for reliable and efficient data placement in distributed computing systems

Data placement is an essential part of today's distributed applications since moving the data close to the application has many benefits. The increasing data requirements of both scientific and commercial applications, and collaborative access to these data make it even more important. In the current approach, data placement is regarded as a side affect of computation. Our goal is to make data placement a first class citizen in distributed computing systems just like the computational jobs. They will be queued, scheduled, monitored, managed, and even checkpointed. Since data placement jobs have different characteristics than computational jobs, they cannot be treated in the exact same way as computational jobs. For this purpose, we are proposing a framework which can be considered as a ''data placement subsystem'' for distributed computing systems, similar to the I/O subsystem in operating systems. This framework includes a specialized scheduler for data placement, a high level planner aware of data placement jobs, a resource broker/policy enforcer and some optimization tools. Our system can perform reliable and efficient data placement, it can recover from all kinds of failures without any human intervention, and it can dynamically adapt to the environment at the execution time.
Recent results from Atmoshperic Cherenkov Telescopes and Dark Mtter

Recent results on the detection of Gamma Rays (GR) from the center of the Milky Way and from the direction of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Draco, respectively reported by the HESS and CACTUS atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes collaborations, provide illustrative case-studies to test the possibility of indirectly detecting DarkMatter (DM) through its pair annihilation into photons. We show that in both cases, the DM interpretation of the GR fluxes points towards large pair annihilation cross sections, often close to the maximal theoretically allowed values in given DM models, such as the neutralino dark matter paradigm. The possibility of cross-checking such putative indirect detection signals with other DM search techniques, as well as with future GR detectors, is also addressed.
Crimes in Hotels

Crime data for 142 hotels/motels in the Central Florida area were collected from the appropriate law enforcement agencies, and those properties were mailed a questionnaire requesting information on their adoption and use of 34 crime preven tion strategies. Of the 62 hotels/motels that responded (44%), the results revealed that out of the 34 crime prevention strategies studied, only 15 (44%) showed a statistically significant relationship between their prevalence and the incidence of crimes. The remaining 19 strategies did not show any significant relationship between their existence and the level of crimes. The security devices that were found to be associated with impacting the various levels of crimes included: Mechanical locks with deadbolts, Electronic Locks, In-Room Safes, Front Office Safety Deposit Boxes, Secondary Locking Devices on Windows, Non-Monitored Surveillance Cameras, Monitored Surveillance Cameras, and Portable Communication Devices used by Security Staff. As to security policies, the st...
A method for estimating the singular part of the effective shell-model interaction and its influence on perturbation theory

Abstract A method for estimating the part of the effective shell-model interaction that results from intruder-state singularities within the unit circle is presented. The method is applied to an exactly solvable test problem which involves several such intruder-state singularities and it is found to be accurate to roughly 5–10 %. It is then applied to a realistic description of the 18O Jπ= 0+ system, in which a 4p–2h intruder state is known to occur. Using the Nilsson model to describe the intruder state, we estimate the contributions of the associated branch-cut singularities to a perturbation theory (PT) expansion of the effective interaction. Estimates of the errors associated with the use of nth order PT in the presence of these branch-cut singularities are also obtained. The possibility of eventually combining this method and diagrammatic PT into a useful theory of the effective interaction is discussed.
Design methodology for stoppable clock systems

Many approaches have been developed for designing large, highly parallel computer systems. Classical synchronous approaches are susceptible to synchronisation problems at the clock pulse level. Newer asynchronous approaches, on the other hand, avoid such problems but are expensive to implement. This paper proposes a compromise approach that builds on the well developed synchronous system design techniques and, at the same time, avoids the clock pulse level synchronisation problems. In this approach, a system has a totally synchronous core with a 'stoppable' clock and uses an asynchronous interface for external communication. With the clock not running, the asynchronous interface receives and sends information in the form of packets, setting up the proper input values and initial state for the synchronous core. The clock is then started, and the synchronous core behaves as a sequential state machine initialised to the proper state and subjected to the proper input values. When the core has finished its computation, the clock is stopped and the process is repeated. A methodology for building such systems is presented in the paper.
Low-cost temperature sensor based on long-period fiber gratings with linear wavelength transmission characteristics

A hybrid fiber grating-based temperature sensor with simple demodulation scheme has been constructed. Temperature variation of 1 degree C could be linearly resolved in a 40 degree C range by directly measuring the transmission power through a long period fiber grating with a bandwidth of 6.5nm.
Phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) in patients with low or intermediate‐1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome

A phase II non-randomized single arm trial of oral panobinostat (LBH589) was conducted in patients with low or intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The objective of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of panobinostat in this patient population. The study would stop early if there was a chance >99% that the average overall response rate was <15%. Thirteen patients were treated: Median age was 70 years (range 47–84), 70% were transfusion dependent, 70% had intermediate-1 risk MDS. Most patients were diploid but one patient with del(5q), one with trisomy 8, one with complex cytogenetics, and two with deletion of 20q were included. Approximately 40% had previous therapy for MDS. Of the 13 patients, 1 (8%) achieved hematological improvement (HI-E and HI-P, duration 3 months) and 6 (46%) had stable disease for a median duration of 6 months (range 1.7–13.6). Treatment was withheld in one patient because of QTc prolongation but no other serious adverse effects were otherwise observed. Panobinostat did not consistently induce histone acetylation as measured with Western blot. This data indicates that panobinostat at the dose and schedule studied here has limited activity in lower risk MDS. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Type of Circular Polarizer Using Crossed Dipoles

A method of obtaining a circularly-polaIized wave by use of two orthogonal dipoles driven in parallel by a common transmission line is shown. The lengths of the dipoles are so chosen that the real part of their input admittances are equal and the angle of the inpnt admittances differ by 90°. When these two conditions are met the resulting radiated wave in a normal direction will be circularly polarized. The method is applicable both to a circularly-polarized radiating antenna and to the problem of producing a circularly-polarized wave of the TE/sub 1/ mode in a round waveguide. For the first case, an analysis and a method of design are shown, and for the second case an experimentally developed example is given. The second case employs monopoles rather than dipoles for convenience in energizing from a coaxial line.
Intracellular Development of Enterocytozoon, A Unique Microsporidian Found in the Intestine of AIDS Patients

Enterocytozoon was 1st described in 1985, in an AIDS patient with intestinal malabsorption and diarrhea. Since then, additional cases of infection with this organism have been observed, but only in individuals with AIDS and malabsorption. Intestinal tissue biopsies were obtained from a 45-year-old man prior to AIDS diagnosis, again nine months later and then at autopsy two months later. When the biopsies were examined electron microscopically, both sets contained the microsporidian parasite. However, the 2nd intestinal biopsy, when wasting was much more severe, contained infection in almost every small intestinal enterocyte examined. The parasite was actively developing, allowing us to detail its life cycle. The parasite is apansporoblastic, polysporous and has characteristics not previously reported in the Microsporida: (1) an electron lucent inclusion not usually seen in Microsporida is prominent and always present; (2) extremely elongated sausage-shaped nuclei occur in the proliferative phase of parasite development; (3) the polar tube development uniquely involves the production of electron dense discs, yet results in the formation of a typical spore; and (4) polar tube development occurs prior to the final division of the multi-nucleate sporont. On the basis of these characteristics, we are placing this genus in a new family, Enterocytozoonidae, n. fam.
An integrated memory management scheme for dynamic alias resolution

When a program object can be accessed via mul­ ti ple names, an aliasing problem occurs. The existence of aliasing decreases the efficiency of register usage and increases the instruction bandwidth requirements because of the need to maintain the consistency among multi ple copies of the object in the memory hierarch y. In this paper, a simple and efficient memory manage­ ment scheme is develo ped to dyna mically resolve aliasing problems. The scheme rests upon the integrated mangement of registers and on-chi p data cache. With this support the compiler is able to make better use of processor registers without extra consistency maintenance overhead. Furthermore, unlike previous approaches this scheme does not require expensive associative search hardware, which potentially can lengthen the machine cycle time or the pipeline depth, and is shown to be equally applicable to multi proces­ sor configurations without modification.
Hubble Space Telescope: the new telemetry archiving system

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the first of NASA's Great Observatories, was launched on April 24, 1990. The HST was designed for a minimum fifteen-year mission with on-orbit servicing by the Space Shuttle System planned at approximately three-year intervals. Major changes to the HST ground system have been implemented for the third servicing mission in December 1999. The primary objectives of the ground system re- engineering effort, a project called 'Vision 2000 Control Center System (CCS),' are to reduce both development and operating costs significantly for the remaining years of HST's lifetime. Development costs are reduced by providing a more modern hardware and software architecture and utilizing commercial off the shelf (COTS) products wherever possible. Part of CCS is a Space Telescope Engineering Data Store, the design of which is based on current Data Warehouse technology. The Data Warehouse (Red Brick), as implemented in the CCS Ground System that operates and monitors the Hubble Space Telescope, represents the first use of a commercial Data Warehouse to manage engineering data. The purpose of this data store is to provide a common data source of telemetry data for all HST subsystems. This data store will become the engineering data archive and will provide a queryable database for the user to analyze HST telemetry. The access to the engineering data in the Data Warehouse is platform-independent from an office environment using commercial standards (Unix, Windows98/NT). The latest Internet technology is used to reach the HST engineering community. A WEB-based user interface allows easy access to the data archives. This paper will provide a CCS system overview and will illustrate some of the CCS telemetry capabilities: in particular the use of the new Telemetry Archiving System. Vision 20001 is an ambitious project, but one that is well under way. It will allow the HST program to realize reduced operations costs for the Third Servicing Mission and beyond.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Commitment and the Organization: The Organization Man Revisited

The potential positive and negative consequences of varying levels of commitment both for employees and for the organization are discussed. It is argued that high levels of commitment to the organization may have severe negative consequences for individuals within the organization and for organizations themselves.
Comparative Studies on the In Vitro Decidualization Process in the Baboon (Papio anubis) and Human

The process of decidualization involves the morphological and functional transformation of stromal fibroblasts to decidual cells. The objective of this study was to define appropriate in vitro culture conditions required for decidualization of baboon stromal cells. Parallel studies were also done with human endometrial stromal cells for comparative analysis. Human stromal cells produced prolactin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 in response to hormones (estradiol-17beta [36 nM], medroxyprogesterone acetate [1 microM], and relaxin [100 ng/ml]), and production was enhanced in the presence of 0.1 mM dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP). By contrast, baboon cells did not produce any detectable levels of prolactin, even in the presence of hormones and dbcAMP. IGFBP-1 expression in baboon stromal cells was detectable by Day 6 of hormone and dbcAMP treatment and increased exponentially thereafter. In both human and baboon stromal cells, alpha smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) expression, an early marker for decidualization in the baboon in vivo, was induced spontaneously under normal culture conditions. Furthermore, a decrease in alphaSMA expression was observed in cells producing high levels of IGFBP-1. Human cells produced significant levels of IGFBP-1 (p < or = 0.01) in response to short-term dbcAMP treatment (48 h) after 2 and 12 days of hormone treatment. However, baboon stromal cells required 17 days of hormonal treatment before cells became responsive to short-term dbcAMP treatment (p < or = 0.01). Finally, human endometrial stromal cells expressed the protein kinase A regulatory subunits RIalpha, RIbeta, RIIalpha, and RIIbeta whereas baboon stromal cells expressed RIalpha, RIIalpha, and RIIbeta. No difference in the mRNA expression of these isoforms was observed in decidualized or nondecidualized cells of either human or baboon endometrium. Our observations indicate that baboon stromal cells can be induced to decidualize in vitro and that this requires dbcAMP in addition to hormones. This is the first report demonstrating in vitro decidualization in a nonhuman primate.
Catheter-directed thrombolysis with alteplase and bivalirudin in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Purpose The case of a patient with confirmed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and anticoagulation failure undergoing catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) with alteplase and bivalirudin for extensive thrombosis is reported. Summary A 48-year-old, morbidly obese Caucasian woman was admitted to a trauma–surgical intensive care unit (TSICU) after a motor vehicle accident. The patient suffered aortic and renal lacerations, multiple rib and spinal fractures, pleural effusion, bilateral subdural hematomas, and cerebral edema. An inferior vena cava (IVC) filter was placed on hospital day 3, and prophylactic enoxaparin was initiated. The patient was diagnosed with HIT on hospital day 10. Systemic bivalirudin was initiated, and the patient was transitioned to therapeutic fondaparinux on hospital day 13. The patient continued to improve and was transferred from the TSICU to a step-down unit a few days later; the IVC filter remained in place. On hospital day 20, the patient developed respiratory distress and was transferred back to the TSICU. Computed tomography angiography was performed and revealed a questionable pulmonary embolism and distended IVC and iliac veins. Lower-extremity Doppler ultrasound revealed extensive thrombosis. On hospital day 21, the patient underwent CDT with alteplase and bivalirudin infusions through two CDT sheaths for approximately 36 hours, after which most of the thrombus had dissipated. The IVC filter and drug administration sheaths were removed. After the procedure, the patient received bivalirudin and was later transitioned to warfarin. Conclusion A 48-year-old woman with HIT and anticoagulation failure possibly due to the presence of an IVC filter was successfully treated with CDT using alteplase and bivalirudin.
Surface polymerization of iron particles for magnetorheological elastomers

Magnetorheological Elastomers (MREs) are synthesized from silicone RTV (room temperature vulcanizing) elastomer with magnetically soft iron particles. The iron particle concentration of the MREs is 70 wt %. To reduce the effect of oxidation on the MREs, the ATRP technique is used for surface polymerization of iron particles with fluorinated styrene as monomer. The mechanical properties of MREs are characterized using a mechanical testing instrument, and the surface coated polymer is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the alignment of iron particles within MRE was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MRE samples are characterized using the mechanical testing instrument at 0 Tesla (off–state) and applied magnetic field from 0.46 Tesla to 0.62 Tesla (on–state). The required force at 0.62 Tesla increased approx. 3% to achieve 20% strain after 72 h of oxidation for surface coated MRE. On the other hand, the required force for non-surface coated MREs at 0.62 Tesla increased up to 17% to achieve 20% strain after 72 h of oxidation. MREs with surface coated iron particles have higher oxidation stability based on the force–displacement test results, and MREs have excellent potential to be used as intelligent materials with high durability for a vibration isolator. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
When does it make sense to target the weed seed bank

Abstract Weed seeds initiate most weed invasions of arable fields, yet there is relatively little information on the value of managing weed seed banks. Matrix population models were used to examine the relative importance of managing weed seed banks, in relation to other life stages, for four model weed species with varying life histories. Simulations for giant foxtail and common lambsquarters, summer annual weeds of arable fields; garlic mustard, an obligate biennial invasive weed of temperate forests; and Canada thistle, a perennial weed of pastures and arable fields, were run under conditions of varying population density and efficacy of seedling control. The models were subjected to elasticity analysis to determine what happened to weed populations when different life stages were targeted. Losses from the dormant seed bank were most important for summer annual weeds, of intermediate importance for biennial weeds, and of low importance for perennial weeds. More effort is needed to develop weed seed-ban...
On the computation of the coupled thermo-electromagnetic response of continua with particulate microstructure

SUMMARY Recently, several applications, primarily driven by micro-technology, have emerged where the use of materials with tailored electromagnetic properties is necessary for a successful design. The ‘tailored’ properties are achieved by doping an easily moldable base matrix with particles having dielectric constants that are chosen to give overall desired properties. In many cases, the analysis of such materials requires the simulation of the macroscopic and microscopic electromagnetic response, as well as its resulting coupled thermal response, which can be important to determine possible failure in ‘hot spots’. In this study, a model and a solution strategy are developed to compute the response of a class of fully coupled electro-magnetothermal systems composed of heterogeneous materials, involving the absorption of electromagnetic energy, its conversion to heat and changes in the electromagnetic material properties. The algorithm involves recursive staggering, whose convergence is dependent on the discretized time-step size. The multifield system coupling can change, becoming weaker, stronger or alternating back and forth. Therefore, it is quite difficult to determine a priori the time-step size needed to meet a prespecified tolerance on the staggering error, i.e. the incomplete resolution of the coupling between the fields. The presented solution process involves time-step size adaptivity to control the contraction mapping constant of the multifield system operator in order to induce desired staggering rates of convergence within each time step and to control the staggering error. Three-dimensional numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the behavior of the model and the solution strategy. Copyright q 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.