cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shear-stress-induced von Willebrand factor binding to platelets causes the activation of tyrosine kinase(s)

Pathological arterial blood flow generates fluid shear stresses that directly cause platelet aggregation. The mechanism of shear-induced platelet aggregation is incompletely understood, but involves von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib and GP IIb-IIIa, leading to the transmembrane influx of Ca2+ and the activation of protein kinase C. To investigate this further, shear-stress-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP) of washed platelets was studied in a cone-plate viscometer. A time- and shear-stress-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of substrates with approx. M(r) 29,000-31,000, 36,000, 50,000, 58,000, 64,000, 76,000, 85,000 and 105,000 was observed. PTP in response to a threshold shear stress of 0.3 mN/cm2 (30 dyn/cm2) was enhanced in most cases by exogenous purified human vWF, and PTP in response to a pathological shear stress of 0.9 mN/cm2 (90 dyn/cm2) was inhibited in some cases by inhibiting vWF binding to GP Ib or GP IIb-IIIa, or by inhibiting Ca2+ responses with extracellular EGTA. Shear-induced PTP of a substrate of M(r) approximately 31,000 appeared to be independent of GP Ib, and PTP of a substrate(s) of M(r) approximately 29,000 was shear-stress-dependent but independent of extracellular Ca2+. Cytochalasin D, which inhibits GP Ib-cytoskeleton interactions, inhibits the PTP of a substrate of M(r) approximately 76,000. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation may be involved in transmembrane signalling that mediates platelet adhesion and aggregation in response to pathological shear stresses generated at sites of arterial vaso-occlusion.
Identification of Outages in Power Systems With Uncertain States and Optimal Sensor Locations

Joint outage identification and state estimation in power systems is studied. A Bayesian framework is employed, and a Gaussian prior distribution of the states is assumed. The joint posterior of the outage hypotheses and the network states is developed in closed form, which can be applied to obtain the optimal joint detector and estimator under any given performance criterion. Employing the minimum probability of error as the performance criterion in identifying outages with uncertain states, the optimal detector is obtained. Efficiently computable performance metrics that capture the probability of error of the optimal detector are developed. Under simplified model assumptions, closed-form expressions for these metrics are derived, and these lead to a mixed integer convex programming problem for optimizing sensor locations. Using convex relaxations, a branch and bound algorithm that finds the globally optimal sensor locations is developed. Significant performance gains from using the optimal detector with the optimal sensor locations are observed from simulations. Furthermore, performance with greedily selected sensor locations is shown to be very close to that with globally optimal sensor locations.
Evaluation of Librium as a preanesthetic medication.

Librium, a new psychotherapeutic agent unrelated chemically or pharmacologically to other known tranquilizers or antidepressants, was administered in a dose of 25 or 50 mg. in combination with a sympathomimetic drying agent as preanesthetic medication to 400 patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. It alleviated apprehension effectively. Optimal results were achieved with the 50 mg. dose. There was no evidence of alteration in blood pressure, of respiratory depression, or of influence on anesthetic requirements.
Research and Design of Data Acquisition System of Power Distribution and Consumption Network Based on OSGI

This paper analyses the configuration of power communication system in distribution network.Combined with the programming model using OSGI R4,it put forward a distribution and consumption data acquisition scheme based on OSGI standard to solve the problems caused by multi-communication technique.The overall structure and specific module design are discussed,and the intelligence,stability,openness,and maintainability of the scheme are also demonstrated in the paper.
Overcoming the Challenges of Using Unmanned Aircraft for Bridge Inspections

Applications for small unmanned aerial vehicles have exploded over the past decade. Small size, maneuverability, low cost, and versatility enable utilization for applications not readily accessible by traditional manned aircraft, such as bridge inspections. However, the challenges associated with conducting inspections in a safe, cost efficient manner currently exceed the benefits of using an unmanned aircraft for inspection. The development of a multirotor-based inspection aircraft capable of maintaining flight for over eight hours is presented. Flight results from a bridge inspection conducted in collaboration with the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) and Shafer, Kline, & Warren (SKW) bridge inspection crews are also discussed. Feedback and recommendations for inspection platform improvement from MoDOT and SKW inspectors was collected. Inspectors and flight crew identified challenges with camera exposure, dual pilotinspector remote control, and aircraft stability. As a result, a new inspection platform was developed allowing for wireless dual remote control and manual control of camera exposure. Finally, and most importantly, a new metric for quantifying UAS handling and pilot workload in GPS denied environments is introduced through rigorous flight testing and the use of a modified Cooper-Harper rating scale. Inspection of the bridge substructure prevented GPS lock and increased pilot workload. To mimic the effects of flying around a bridge flight testing is conducted at the UMKC parking garage where GPS lock is denied. The aircraft and inspection solutions discussed herein have demonstrated success for acquiring meaningful inspection data while conducting safe flight operations.
Secret Agent Man: The Need for a Specialized Court-Martial to Try All Espionage-Related Crimes

This paper claims that the current procedure for trying espionage-related crimes is inadequate. Specifically, this paper argues that the Confidential Information Procedures Act fails to remedy the issues of confidentiality and national security that arise in civilian courts. For that reason, the United States should create specialized court-martial-style courts to try cases of espionage. In this specialized court-martial system, defendants would have access to confidential information crucial to their defense while also allowing the government to protect matters of national security. This would significantly decrease the likelihood of disclosure of confidential governmental information to the public. First, this paper describes the three major styles of courts the United States currently uses: civilian courts, courts-martial, and military tribunals. It also explains why each particular venue is not suited to try cases regarding espionage-related crimes, including the need for transparency in civilian courts and why the United States cannot truly consider military tribunals to pursue these crimes. Second, the paper describes Congress’ past attempts to remedy the problems detailed in the first section. Specifically, it details the Confidential Information Procedures Act, along with the accompanying silent-witness rule. Section two of the paper further details the flaws of this Act, including how defendants have successfully circumvented that Act in order to force the government’s hand. The paper will use Oliver North, of Iran-Contra fame, and Thomas Andrews Drake as specific examples of the defendant’s ability to “graymail” the government into either reducing or completely dropping espionage charges. Third, the paper demonstrates how the United States should tailor the current court-martial system to make it an effective tool for prosecuting all espionage related crimes. Specifically, it details how the United States could create a special court that deals only with espionage-related crimes. There would be no immediate public access in the specialized court-martial; rather, the public would have access to the redacted record after the end of the proceedings. While defendants do have a right to a public trial, all courts have generally made exceptions in the past for certain types of crimes and cases. The United States should simply add espionage-related crimes to the list of those already sequestered from the public. By allowing the public access to a redacted record after the proceedings, the public still gets to enjoy a certain level of transparency. While the public would not get to see the classified documents or read confidential testimony, it would be aware that the court-martial tried the defendant for espionage-related crimes. Further, all non-confidential information would remain open to the public. Therefore, the specialized court-martial would be the most effective and secure way to try espionage-related cases without completely sacrificing the public’s right to know about the proceedings.
Thermal Destabilization of Collagen Matrix Hierarchical Structure by Freeze/Thaw

This study aims to characterize and understand the effects of freezing on collagen structures and functionality. Specifically, thermodynamic destabilization of collagen at molecular- and fibril-levels by combination of low temperatures and freezing were experimentally characterized using modulated differential scanning calorimetry. In order to delineate the effects of sub-zero temperature and water-ice phase change, we hypothesized that the extent of destabilization can be determined based on post-thaw heat induced thermal denaturation of collagen. It is found that thermal denaturation temperature of collagen in hydrogel decreases by 1.4-1.6°C after freeze/thaw while no such decrease is observed in the case of molecular solution. The destabilization is predominantly due to ice formation. Exposure to low temperatures in the absence of ice has only minimal effect. Calorimetry measurements combined with morphological examination of collagen matrices by scanning electron microscopy suggest that freezing results in destabilization of collagen fibrils due to expansion of intrafibrillar space by ice formation. This fibril-level damage can be alleviated by use of cryoprotectant DMSO at concentrations as low as 0.5 M. A theoretical model explaining the change in collagen post-thaw thermal stability by freezing-induced fibril expansion is also proposed.
Introduction: Traveling to Meet the Dead

In his 1809 Essay on Sepulchres, William Godwin begins with a desire to speak with the dead. He also explains what may be at stake in failing to do so. Calling for an “Atlas of those who Have Lived, for the Use of Men Hereafter to be Born” (29), Godwin promotes the erection and mapping of memorials to Britain’s worthy departed, a formal strategy he devises to combat the modern drive to “cut ourselves off from the inheritance of our ancestors” (14). His chief anxiety, avowedly, is the failure of cultural memory. He warns that an innate anti-memorial drive, if not resisted, will keep society perpetually “in its infancy” by limiting its collective wisdom to that which can be acquired in a single generation (8, 14).
Reply to Sun et al.: Deposition of organic nitrogen.

In PNAS, we (1) highlight changes in the balance of oxidized and reduced nitrogen contributions to United States reactive nitrogen deposition, pointing out that decreases in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, combined with modest growth in ammonia emissions, have altered the inorganic nitrogen deposition budget from majority deposition by oxidized species (nitric acid and nitrate) in the early 1990s to majority deposition by reduced species (ammonia and ammonium) today. Our analysis was conducted using measurements of individual species concentrations and, for wet inputs, measured deposition fluxes, to overcome some of the limitations of prior analyses based on simulation by large-scale chemical … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: collett{at}atmos.colostate.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Dogs, Chimps, Humans, and Alien Intelligence

The two quotations above are interesting, if only for the very different perspectives they offer on dogs. Depp, probably not an expert in either cognition or dognition (but I could be wrong), like so many of us attributes a great deal to dogs, including the very human emotion of love. Hare and Woods, by contrast, try to steer away from ascribing human emotions to our canine friends. It may seem like your dog feels guilt after eating that brick of cheddar cheese you stupidly left on the coffee table, but experimental evidence suggests that she is actually just reacting to the frustrated behavior you are showing through your tone of voice and body language.
Chapter 3 The 1960s: Explosive Growth

The 1960s witnessed phenomenal growth of shock wave capabilities at Sandia. Along with rapidly evolving techniques for producing precisely controlled loading at ever-increasing shock pressures, pivotal improvements in precision diagnostics were occurring at a record rate. The goal was to probe the detailed structure of shock waves to understand specific aspects of dynamic material response, such as the ubiquitous two-wave structure observed in materials that exhibit both elastic and plastic response under shock loading. This information was needed for the new material models being developed. It was important, as well, to apply this new technology to the pressing requirements of the nation’s defense community. In particular, it was necessary to understand the stress response of materials in nuclear environments, such as the stress wave response of materials subjected to pulsed radiation sources, so that appropriate experimental techniques and material models could be developed to simulate effects on weapon components and systems.
Long Head of Biceps Tendon Management: a Survey of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons

Background: Management of symptomatic long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology remains a source of debate.
Chapter 18 – Multi-objective Optimum Design Concepts and Methods

There are numerous applications where one would like to optimize multiple conflicting objective functions simultaneously. Methods to solve such multi-objective optimization problems are presented. First, some basic concepts and terminology associated with the problem are explained. These include criterion space, design space, utility and preference functions, and Pareto optimal set. It is noted that the multi-objective optimization problem does not have a unique optimum solution. There are actually infinite solutions depending on the preferences for various objective functions. These solutions constitute a set known as the Pareto optimal set. Various multi-objective optimization methods are presented and discussed. These include genetic algorithms, the weighted sum method, the weighted min–max method, the weighted global criterion method, the lexicographic method, the bounded objective function method, and goal programming. Criteria to select a method are discussed and presented in a table.
DEMO: Akatosh: Automated Cyber Incident Verification and Impact Analysis

Akatosh, a U.S. Department of Homeland Security Transition to Practice Program (TTP) project developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory with industry and academic partnership, enables automated, real-time forensic analysis of endpoints after malware-attacks and other cyber security incidents by automatically maintaining detailed snapshots of host-level activity on endpoints over time. It achieves this by integrating intrusion detection systems (IDS) with forensic tools. The combination allows Akatosh to collect vast amounts of endpoint data and assists in verifying, tracking, and analyzing endpoints in real time. This provides operations personnel and analysts as well as managers and executives with continuous feedback on the impact of malicious software and other security incidents on endpoints in their network.
Characterization of leaf cuticular wax classes and constituents in a spring Camelina sativa diversity panel

Abstract Among oilseed species, Camelina has received considerable attention as an oilseed crop that can be manipulated easily to meet important non-food bioenergy requirements, where it is relatively high in oil content and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and has a very short growing season with fairly good adaption to marginal lands and low input agricultural systems. To expand Camelina cultivation zones into more arid regions, it is important to develop new drought resistant cultivars that can grow under water-limited conditions. Increasing accumulated leaf cuticular wax in Camelina could be one of the strategies to reduce nonstomatal water loss and thus increase crop tolerance to drought. To extend the understanding of phenotypic variations in cuticular wax content and composition in Camelina sativa, leaf wax constituents from a spring Camelina diversity panel containing 163 accessions were extracted and analyzed. The diversity panel exhibited a wide range in total leaf wax contents, wax classes and constituents. Among primary alcohols, the dominant constituents were the C24, C26 and C28 homologues, while the C31 homologue was the most abundant alkane among all Camelina accessions. High heritability values of the primary alcohol class and its dominant constituent C24, C26 and C28 homologues, as well as the alkane class and abundant C29, C31, and C33 constituents, suggested the feasibility for selection of these traits during early generations of Camelina breeding programs. Positive correlations among leaf wax content, wax classes and their constituents suggest that modifying specific wax constituents could increase the wax loads, which in turn could enhance cuticle composition and properties. Quantification of leaf wax traits in the Camelina diversity panel will underpin future analysis of the Camelina wax biosynthetic pathways, help dissect its genetic regulatory elements, identify candidate genes controlling these traits, and enable the development of molecular markers for molecular breeding programs aimed at increasing drought tolerance of Camelina.
Visualizing the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Measures for Clinicians and Patients.

Congruent with the nationwide movement toward patient-centered healthcare, an increasing number of organizations collect and assess patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The standardized NIH PROMIS measures represent one of the most widely used PRO questionnaires, but organizations still face challenges with conveying PROMIS outcomes to clinicians in clinically relevant ways. Our proposed solution, the ProVis application, uses visualizations to engage heart failure patients with PROMIS questionnaires in the waiting room, and conveys PROMIS data to clinicians through longitudinal visualizations in iNYP, our institution’s electronic health record (EHR) interface. Here, we discuss the design and development of ProVis, the alternative strategies we considered, the strengths and weaknesses of ProVis, and our future dissemination and evaluation plans.
Televisual Experiences of Iran's Isolation: Turkish Melodrama and Homegrown Comedy in the Sanctions Era

This essay examines the television viewing habits of Iranians since 2010, when the first of a series of crippling international sanctions were imposed on Iran after diplomatic efforts to curb the country's nuclear program stalled. Like many others in the region, viewers in Iran have been swept up by the recent wave of Turkish serials, which a new generation of offshore private networks dubbed into Persian and beamed to households with illegal satellite television dishes. These glossy melodramas provided access to consumerist utopias increasingly beyond the reach of Iranians living under the shadow of sanctions. Despite the enormous popularity of Turkish television imports with Iranian audiences, the Islamic Republic's networks managed to broadcast some successful “counter-programming” during this era of economic and political isolation. The comedy Paytakht/Capital (2011–15), more specifically, eschewed the glamour and glitz of many Turkish serials for ordinary characters living rather ordinary lives in small town Iran. In doing so, the series highlighted not only the problems that the sanctions regime created or exacerbated in Iranian society but also the virtues of remaining on the margins of a neoliberal global economic order. The essay concludes by asking how Iranian audiences might enjoy both Capital and Turkish melodramas simultaneously.
Inherited deficiencies and activity variants of the mammalian carbonic anhydrases

The carbonic anhydrases are involved in a variety of physiological functions that are important for the survival of nearly all species. The most important biochemical function of these enzymes is the interconversion of carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate ions and protons. These metabolites are used in a wide variety of metabolic pathways (Tashian, 1989). Some of the enzymes have other catalytic activities, although their physiological importance is not understood at this time (Verpoorte et al., 1967; Cabiscol and Levine, 1996). In humans, twelve carbonic anhydrases or carbonic anhydrase-related proteins are known to exist that belong to the alpha family of CAs (Hewett-Emmett and Tashian, 1996).
Feline Rhinotracheitis Virus

This chapter provides an overview of the classification and description of the feline rhinotracheitis virus, its hosts, the key developments regarding the virus, and the diagnostic techniques and reagents. The feline rhinotracheitis virus causes an acute febrile contagious disease characterized by sneezing with ocular and nasal discharge. The hosts that are infected by the feline rhinotracheitis virus include felidae. The virus was first isolated in the United States and in Europe. Experimentally, abortion and encephalitis can occur. The carrier state is known to exist. Fluorescent antibody (FA) and virus neutralization (VN) have been described as the diagnostic techniques for the feline rhinotracheitis virus.
The Impact of Formative Assessment on the Success and Response Rate in a 6th Grade Physical Education Badminton Unit

Formative assessment can raise standards of achievement. In physical education, when formative assessment was incorporated into instruction, students performed better in terms of skills and...
Use of an mHealth Intervention to Improve Engagement in HIV Community-Based Care Among Persons Recently Released from a Correctional Facility in Washington, DC: A Pilot Study.

We examined the preliminary effectiveness of a computerized counseling session plus post-incarceration text messaging intervention (CARE + Corrections) to support ART adherence and linkage/engagement in community care among recently incarcerated persons with HIV in Washington, D.C. Recently incarcerated persons with HIV ≥ 18 years old were recruited from the D.C. jail or community outreach and randomized to CARE + Corrections or control arm. Participants completed assessments at baseline, 3-months and 6-months. Multivariable random effects modeling identified predictors of suppressed viral load (≤ 200 copies/mL) and engagement in HIV care at 6 months. Participants (N = 110) were aged 42 (IQR 30–49); 58% male, 24% female, 18% transgender, 85% Black, and lifetime incarceration was a median of 7 years (IQR 2–15). More controls had a regular healthcare provider at baseline. Although not statistically significant, intervention participants had increased odds of viral suppression versus controls at 6 months (AOR 2.04; 95% CI 0.62, 6.70). Those reporting high ART adherence at baseline had higher odds of viral suppression at follow-up (AOR 10.77; 95% CI 1.83, 63.31). HIV care engagement was similar between the two groups, although both groups reported increased engagement at 6 months versus baseline. We observed a positive but non-significant association of viral suppression in the CARE + Corrections group, and care engagement increased in both groups after 6 months. Further attention to increasing viral suppression among CJ-involved persons with HIV upon community reentry is warranted.
Abstract 280: Adherence to Antihypertensive Prescription Medication Stratified by Gender and Age: An Employer-Sponsored Health Care Perspective

Background: Patient adherence to antihypertensive medication is crucial for reducing adverse disease outcomes. However, about 40% of patients are non-adherent to antihypertensive medications. Objec...
The emergence of InAs/InAsSb type-II strained layer superlattice barrier infrared detectors

The InAs/InAsSb (Gallium-free) type-II strained-layer superlattice (T2SLS) is an adjustable band gap, broad-band III-V infrared detector material that has emerged in recent years as an alternative to the more established InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice. We have reported results on a mid-wavelength focal plane array (FPA) based on the InAs/InAsSb T2SLS unipolar barrier infrared detector architecture. Significantly, the FPA exhibits very good operating characteristics at 160 K, demonstrating a considerably operating temperature advantage over the MWIR market-leading InSb FPAs, while maintaining III-V semiconductor manufacturing robustness. In this article we summarize the development at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory leading to the mid-wavelength InAs/InAsSb T2SLS infrared detectors, provide a brief look at the history of the development of the InAs/InAsSb T2SLS absorber, and survey the current status of InAs/InAsSb T2SLS detectors.
AN APPROACH TO PANCRATISTATIN FROM MYO-INOSITOL

Abstract A highly advanced intermediate (15) for the synthesis of 7-deoxypancratistatin was prepared in 11 steps from myo-inositol. Introduction of the C10bAr bond through an intramolecular epoxide opening with an aryl anion is the key step in this approach.
A novel framework for automated monitoring and analysis of high density pedestrian flow

Pedestrian traffic is an important subject of surveillance to ensure public safety and traffic management, which may benefit from intelligent and continuous analysis of pedestrian videos. S...
Opioid Epidemic or Pain Crisis? Using the Virginia All Payer Claims Database to Describe Opioid Medication Prescribing Patterns and Potential Harms for Patients With Cancer.

PURPOSE:A key challenge regarding the current opioid epidemic is understanding how concerns regarding opioid-related harms affect access to pain management, an essential element of cancer care. In ...
An Eulerian-Lagrangian-Lagrangian method for solving fluid-structure interaction problems with bulk solids

Abstract This paper presents an Eulerian-Lagrangian-Lagrangian (ELL) method to solve the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem, in which a bulk solid is immersed in the fluid. The ELL approach uses a small portion of the Lagrangian fluid to wrap the solid body, and they are treated as an enlarged “composite solid”. Then the conventional immersed finite element method (IFEM) is implemented. The velocity condition of the moving interface is explicitly imposed within the unified Lagrangian grids of the composite solid domain, and then smoothly transferred onto the Eulerian fluid nodes nearby the FSI interaction zone. The inaccurate numerical FSI interface in IFEM is hence significantly improved. The idea of warping Lagrangian fluid makes ELL a combination of the body-conforming method and the immersed type method. It is straightforward but offers an excellent physical explanation that makes ELL more realistic. Several numerical examples are computed to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach for solving FSI problems with bulk solids, in comparison with the conventional IFEM.
Tesis sobre la crisis secular en el capitalismo: la insuperabilidad de los antagonismos de clase

Esta es una version revisada de un conjunto de notas presentadas en la sesion sobre “Secular Crisis in Capitalism: Attempts at Theorization” en la Conferencia de Rethinking Marxism, Amherst Massachusetts, 13 de noviembre de 1992. Varias de las notas a pie de pagina se refieren a los otros dos articulos presentados en esa sesion (Ehrbar, 1992; Laibman, 1992).
The Moral Burden on Economists: Darrick Hamilton’s 2017 NEA Presidential Address:

In his 2017 presidential address to the National Economic Association (NEA), Professor Darrick Hamilton warned that treating economics as a morally neutral “science,” and the discipline’s limited a...
Favorable Outcome of COVID-19 among African American (AA) Renal Transplant Recipients in Detroit.

Transplant recipients are vulnerable to infections, including COVID-19, given their comorbidities and chronic immunosuppression. In this study, all hospitalized renal transplant recipients (RTR) with a positive nasal swab for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) seen consecutively between 03/01/2020 and 05/01/2020 at the Detroit Medical Center were included. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, management and outcomes were collected. Twenty-five patients, were included, all African American (AA) and deceased donor transplant recipients. The most common presenting symptom was dyspnea, followed by fever, cough and diarrhea. Multifocal opacities on initial chest x-ray were seen in 52% patients and 44% of patients had a presenting oxygen saturation of less than or equal to 94%. Four patients (16%) required transfer to the intensive care unit, one required intubation and one expired. COVID-19 infected RTR in this cohort had low mortality of 4% (n=1). Despite multiple co-morbidities and chronic immunosuppression, our cohort of African American RTR had favorable outcomes compared to other reports on COVID-19 in RTR.
Novel Approaches to Risk Assessment for Ventricular Tachycardia Induction and Therapy

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a significant cause of cardiac sudden death (SCD) in various cardiomyopathy diseases. The following review will focus on the role of cardiac imaging in risk assessment for VT induction and novel technique and evidence regarding VT therapy including VT ablation and implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) therapy. In regard to VT risk stratification, characterizing VT substrate by cardiac imaging including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), and positron-emission tomography (PET) has a significant role in predicting mortality and ventricular arrhythmic events. Integrating cardiac imaging with electroanatomic mapping can act synergistically on improving VT ablation. Moreover, recently developed novel ablation technologies such as bipolar ablation (BPA) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can be potentially beneficial to patients with VTs that are not responding to conventional treatment strategies. Besides, the effectiveness of novel concept of antitachycardia pacing (ATP), automated ATP, has been reported by using virtual patient modeling recently. Risk stratification for future VT episodes is significantly important to timely select ICD candidates for patients with cardiomyopathy, and cardiac imaging can play a distinct role in this process. Novel and less invasive VT mapping, ablation techniques, and newly developed adaptive pacing techniques can help us overcome challenging VT cases and further improve the treatment for these life-threatening arrhythmias including prevention of sudden death.
Be Skeptical of Asset Management Research

Incentives distort research findings. We now know that research findings favorable to the sponsor of the research should be discounted on the grounds of conflict of interest (e.g., tobacco companies or pharma companies). Is the same true in the field of finance? I argue that economic incentives distort outcomes in both academic and practitioner finance research. The problem is somewhat less severe in the practice of finance. An asset manager who overfits their backtest will likely underperform in live trading. As such, they will lose investors and suffer a damaged reputation. Asset management has no equivalent to academic tenure.
Indian Bilateral Higher Education Development Initiatives

Two groundbreaking governmental funding programs attempt to cultivate higher education collaboration and strengthen bilateral relations between India and the United States, as well as India and the United Kingdom. The UK India Educational and Research Initiative (UKIERI) and the Obama-Singh 21st Century Knowledge Initiative (OSI) hope to capitalize on transnational partnerships to enhance educational links and address significant global challenges.
The Failure of Structural Remedies in Sherman Act Monopolization Cases

Considerable controversy has arisen around the recent U.S. District Court decision that ordered vertical divestiture of Microsoft as a remedy for its violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Act. In this paper, I look back over more than a century of Sherman Act case law to see how frequently structural relief has been imposed in monopolization cases that involve a single firm that has not attained its market position through merger or from conspiring with other firms. I conclude that there are only four or five such cases in the history of Sherman Act enforcement. I then examine intensively the effectiveness of structural relief-vertical or horizontal divestiture-in seven of the most important Section 2 cases and two others. I conclude that with one exception, the break up of AT&T in 1984, there is very little evidence that such relief is successful in increasing competition, raising industry output, and reducing prices to consumers. The exception turns out to be a case of overkill because the same results could have been obtained through a simple regulatory rule, obviating the need for vertical divestiture of AT&T.
Migration and Globalization

Scholarship on globalization since the 1970s has focused on the increasing integration of world markets for goods, services, and capital. International migration, by comparison, has received relatively little attention. As recent scholarship has shown, the absence of migration from studies on globalization has made our understanding of other aspects of globalization incomplete. Immigration policy interacts with trade and capital policy. All three policies affect firms' production strategies and their support for openness in the other policy areas. Migration, trade, and capital flows also interact. For instance, increased migration can increase trade and investment as well as help states maintain fixed exchange rates. This entry discusses these effects in greater detail and discusses paths for future research. Keywords: migration; immigration; emigration; remittances; globalization; trade; capital mobility; exchange rate policy
Differential reactivity of the myoendometrial and placental vasculatures: Vasodilatation

Abstract Ischemia, cyanide, and nitroglycerine caused marked vasodilatation in the uterine vascular bed of the nonpregnant ewe. Isoproterenol caused less marked but significant vasodilatation. The latter response was obliterated by the beta-adrenergie-blocking agent propanolol. During term ovine pregnancy, isoproterenol and nitroglycerine respectively increased uterine vascular conductance 4 and 20 per cent of control levels. In a single term pregnant ewe, whose placenta and fetus were confined to the uterine horn contralateral to the monitored uterine artery, vasodilatory stimuli caused responses most similar to the nonpregnant ones. These observations indicate that beta-adrenergic receptors are present in the myoendometrial vasculature. In view of the reported distribution of blood flow to the placenta and myoendometrium of term pregnant ewes, it would appear that the myoendometrial vasculature responds similarly in gravid and nongravid conditions and that the placental vasculature approximates maximal dilatation in the resting state. The significance of these findings is discussed.
A method of blunting the tips of small indwelling nasogastric polyethylene catheters for feeding premature infants.

A simple method of blunting the tip of a minute polyethylene catheter has been described to make the tube suitable as an indwelling nasogastric tube for feeding premature infants.
Stochastic Approximation: A Recursive Method for Solving Regression Problems1

Publisher Summary Many problems of communications origin such as problems in parameter estimation, filtering, detection, and even coding can be formulated as regression problems. This chapter considers a general class of recursive methods for solving regression problems and discusses their application to problems arising in communications. Stochastic approximation methods are applicable to any problem that can be formulated as some form of regression problem in which repeated observations are made. Conventional estimation methods usually proceed in two steps: (1) the observed data are used to estimate intermediate statistics, and (2) a set of possibly nonlinear equations relating the parameters of interest to these statistics is solved. Stochastic approximation methods differ from this approach in two respects. First, the observation interval is divided into short subintervals of convenient fixed length. Only the observations from a single subinterval are handled at a time, and after the data from a subinterval have been processed they are discarded and not used again. Second, the two separate algorithms for estimating statistics and solving equations are combined into a single algorithm.
Mothers, fathers, gender role, and time parents spend with their children

To examine the relationships among the sex of the parent, gender role, and the time parents spend with their children, 272 parents completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, a questionnaire about the time spent with their children, and a demographics questionnaire. Analyses indicated that neither the sex of the parent nor gender role was predictive of the amount of time parents were spending in direct interaction with or being accessible to their children. The sex of the parent, qualified by earning status, was predictive of the level of responsibility parents had for child-related activities. Further, the sex of the parent, qualified by femininity, was predictive of parental satisfaction with level of child-related responsibilities. These results emphasize the importance of examining parental characteristics in relation to the time parents spend with their children and their levels of responsibility for child-related activities.
Dichotomy in the Epigenetic Mark Lysine Acetylation is Critical for the Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells

The dynamics of lysine acetylation serve as a major epigenetic mark, which regulates cellular response to inflammation, DNA damage and hormonal changes. Microarray assays reveal changes in gene expression, but cannot predict regulation of a protein function by epigenetic modifications. The present study employs computational tools to inclusively analyze microarray data to understand the potential role of acetylation during development of androgen-independent PCa. The data revealed that the androgen receptor interacts with 333 proteins, out of which at least 92 proteins were acetylated. Notably, the number of cellular proteins undergoing acetylation in the androgen-dependent PCa was more as compared to the androgen-independent PCa. Specifically, the 32 lysine-acetylated proteins in the cellular models of androgen-dependent PCa were mainly involved in regulating stability as well as pre- and post-processing of mRNA. Collectively, the data demonstrate that protein lysine acetylation plays a crucial role during the transition of androgen-dependent to -independent PCa, which importantly, could also serve as a functional axis to unravel new therapeutic targets.
HIV: Antiviral action countered by Nef

The HIV protein Nef is a viral 'Swiss army knife' with many functions. New work now shows how Nef increases infectivity — by inhibiting two of the host cell's antiviral proteins, SERINC3 and SERINC5. See Articles p.212 & p.218 In two separate papers, Massimo Pizzato and colleagues and Heinrich Gottlinger and colleagues identify previously unrecognized restriction factors for HIV-1. In the absence of the HIV-1 Nef protein, the multipass transmembrane proteins SERINC3 and SERINC5 become incorporated into assembling virions and profoundly block HIV-1 infection. The Nef protein, which is normally expressed by HIV-1, counteracts this activity by down-regulating SERINC3 and SERINC5 from the cell surface, thereby preventing their incorporation into virions. These findings identify SERINC5, and to a lesser extent SERINC3, as the agents responsible for the long-sought anti-HIV-1 activity that is overcome by Nef. This raises the possibility that SERINC5 might have potential as a basis for anti-HIV-1 therapeutics.
Attitudes toward the mentally ill: a review

This review of the literature investigates how attitudes toward the mentally ill affect their involvement in the community and what can be done to enhance such involvement. The author draws conclusions from research on these issues and makes recommendations for policy based on the findings.
Sacral Nerve Hemangiopericytoma: A Rare Case and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Hemangiopericytomas usually occur in the soft tissue and skeletal system. They rarely present in the spinal canal as a primary tumor. There are several case reports describing primary spinal hemangiopericytomas of the cervical and thoracic spine; however, there are only 3 reports of sacral hemangioperictyomas (Liu, 2013; McMaster, 1975; Zhao, 2007). We report an extremely rare presentation of a primary spinal hemangiopericytoma arising from the S2 nerve root with local bony destruction of the sacrum. Case Report: A 52 year-old male presented with low back pain and left lower extremity numbness and tingling. MRI showed a 5.2 cm x 5.7 cm sacral mass, and CT showed local bony destruction of the sacrum. He complained of left S2 pain. The patient was taken for resection of the tumor. A gross total resection was achieved from a posterior midline approach. A corridor lateral to the sacral nerves allows resection of the ventral portion of the tumor. A gross total resection was achieved with a small residual adherent to the left S2 nerve root. Pathology confirmed the tumor to be a grade II hemangiopericytoma. Adjuvant radiotherapy was recommended due to the residual.
Neither homed nor homeless: Contested definitions and the personal worlds of the poor

Abstract As economic conditions in the United States worsen, controversy about the causes of and solutions to homelessness intensifies. The public stands by normative definitions of home thereby discrediting the personal worlds of poor people. Although labeled homeless, many poor people are contesting this categorization and claiming that the environments and experiences that constitute their personal worlds are indeed home. Public discourse about home and homelessness is contrasted with results from fieldwork with poor people in the state of Delaware. Observations of and interviews with ‘homeless’ Delawareans suggest that poor people are defining and interpreting their own versions of home on the basis of what is socially tolerated, immediately available, and individually desired.
Increase in anti-astrocyte antibodies in the serum of guinea pigs during active stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Abstract From previous studies on the induction and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in guinea pigs and mice, antibodies have been implicated during both demyelination and remyelination. In the present study, sera from guinea pigs with acute, chronic and myelin basic protein/galactocerebroside (MBP/GC)-treated chronic EAE were evaluated for the presence of anti-glial cell antibodies by immunocytochemical techniques. Antigen specificity was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. The majority of sera from acute and chronic active EAE animals displayed intense labelling of astrocytes and only weak staining of oligodendrocytes when tested on sections of normal guinea pig brain tissue. In contrast, sera from animals with chronic EAE treated with MBP/GC gave strong labelling of oligodendrocytes and only minor staining of astrocytes. By immunoblotting, astrocyte staining was shown to be due to the presence of anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies. The intense oligodendrocyte staining observed in sections reacted with sera from MBP/GC-treated guinea pigs corresponded well with high titers of serum anti-GC and anti-MBP antibodies measured by an ELISA. It was concluded that the presence of antibodies against astrocytes was possibly related to astrocytic antigens within the disease-inducing emulsion, at least during the initial phases of EAE, and not to their release from the central nervous system of affected animals.
Introducing bio- and micro-technology into undergraduate thermal-fluids courses: Investigating pipe pressure loss via atomic force microscopy

To introduce bio- and micro-technologies into general undergraduate thermal-fluids classes, a hands-on interdisciplinary in-class demonstration is described that juxtaposes classical pressure loss pipe flow experiments against a modern micro-characterization technique, AFM profilometry. Both approaches measure surface roughness and can segue into classroom discussions related to material selection and design of bio-medical devices to handle biological fluids such as blood. Appealing to the range of engineering students populating a general thermal-fluids course, a variety of pipe/hose/tube materials representing a spectrum of disciplines can be tested using both techniques. This in-class demonstration relies on technical content already available in standard thermal-fluids textbooks, provides experimental juxtaposition between classical and micro-technology-enabled approaches to the same experiment, and can be taught by personnel with no specialized micro- or bio-technology expertise.
Shedding of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase 5 by a furin-type convertase: a potential mechanism for down-regulation.

The shedding of membrane-associated proteins has been recognized as a regulatory mechanism to either up-regulate or down-regulate cellular functions by releasing membrane-bound growth factors or removing ectodomains of adhesion molecules and receptors. We have reported previously that the ectoenzyme of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase 5 (MT5-MMP) is shed into extracellular milieu (Pei, D. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8925–8932). Here we present evidence that MT5-MMP is shed by a furin-type convertase activity in the trans-Golgi network. Among proteinase inhibitors screened, only decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone, a known inhibitor for furin-type convertases, blocked the shedding of MT5-MMP in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone also prevented the activation of MT5-MMP, raising the possibility that the observed shedding could be autolytic. However, an active site mutant devoid of any catalytic activity, is also shed efficiently, thus ruling out the autolytic pathway. The shedding cleavage was subsequently mapped to the stem region immediately upstream of the transmembrane domain, where a cryptic furin recognition site, 545RRKERR, was recognized. Indeed, MT5-MMP and furin are co-localized in thetrans-Golgi network and the shed species could be detected inside the cells. Furthermore, deletion mutations removing this cryptic site prevented MT5-MMP from shedding. The resulting mutants express a gain-of-function phenotype by mediating more robust activation of proMMP-2 than the wild type molecule. Thus, shedding provides a potential mechanism to regulate proteolytic activity of membrane-bound MMPs.