cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shielding against design flaws with field repairable control logic

Correctness is a paramount attribute of any microprocessor design; however, without novel technologies to tame the increasing complexity of design verification, the amount of bugs that escape into silicon will only grow in the future. In this paper, we propose a novel hardware patching mechanism that can detect design errors which escaped the verification process, and can correct them directly in the field. We accomplish this goal through a simple field-programmable state matcher, which can identify erroneous configurations in the processor's control state and switch the processor into formally-verified degraded performance mode, once a "match" occurs. When the instructions exposing the design flaw are committed, the processor is switched back to normal mode. We show that our approach can detect and correct infrequently-occurring errors with almost no performance impact and has approximately 2% area overhead.
GRAY WHALE CALF PRODUCTION 1994–2000: ARE OBSERVED FLUCTUATIONS RELATED TO CHANGES IN SEASONAL ICE COVER?

We conducted shore-based sighting surveys to estimate the number of northbound migrating gray whale calves passing Piedras Blancas, California, for seven consecutive years (1994-2000). In addition, we conducted aerial surveys to determine offshore distribution of the migration in 1994 and 1995, measured dayinight migration rates with thermal sensors in 1994-1996, and maintained concurrent replicate watches near the peak of each migration to estimate the proportion of the cowicalf pairs missed by the standard watch team. During good weather, we counted 325, 194, 407, 501, 440, 141, and 96 calves during 1994-2000, respectively. Correcting these counts for periods not on watch and for calves missed, produced final estimates of 945 calves (SE = 68.21) for 1994, 619 calves (SE = 67.19) for 1995, 1,146 calves (SE = 70.67) for 1996, 1,431 calves (SE = 82.02) for 1997, 1,388 calves (SE = 91.84) for 1998, 427 calves (SE = 41.10) for 1999, and 279 calves (SE = 34.79) for 2000. Calf production indices (calf estimateitotal population estimate) are 4.2%, 2.7%, 4.896, 5.8%, 5.5%, 1.7%, and 1.1% for the years 1994-2000, respectively. Fluctuations in calf production over this time period were positively correlated with the length of time that primary feeding habitat was free of seasonal ice during the previous year.
FIR Anisotropic filters for image enhancement

This paper describes a technique for the enhancement of images by FIR filters which compensates for the decreased response of human vision at high spatial frequencies. Because many images contain mainly horizontal and vertical features, and because vision is less acute along diagonals, it is possible to design anisotropic enhancement filters which do not increase greatly the background noise. The anisotropic design methodology also incorporates other results on filter design based on human vision which have recently been reported by the author and coworkers.
Power Cycle Theory and State Involvement in Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816-1976

The study broadens the scope of power cycle theory by examining the relationship between critical point intervals and a state's tendency to become involved in militarized interstate disputes. The results reveal intriguing cross-national variations in the strength of this relationship. The onset of a critical point interval significantly increased the probability of dispute participation for some states but not for others. The implications of this finding for future research is discussed in the conclusion.
Multimodal exploration of the fourth dimension

We present a multimodal paradigm for exploring topological surfaces embedded in four dimensions; we exploit haptic methods in particular to overcome the intrinsic limitations of 3D graphics images and 3D physical models. The basic problem is that, just as 2D shadows of 3D curves lose structure where lines cross, 3D graphics projections of smooth 4D topological surfaces are interrupted where one surface intersects another. Furthermore, if one attempts to trace real knotted ropes or a plastic models of self-intersecting surfaces with a fingertip, one inevitably collides with parts of the physical artifact. In this work, we exploit the free motion of a computer-based haptic probe to support a continuous motion that follows the local continuity of the object being explored. For our principal test case of 4D-embedded surfaces projected to 3D, this permits us to follow the full local continuity of the surface as though in fact we were touching an actual 4D object. We exploit additional sensory cues to provide supplementary or redundant information. For example, we can use audio tags to note the relative 4D depth of illusory 3D surface intersections produced by projection from 4D, as well as providing automated refinement of the tactile exploration path to eliminate jitter and snagging, resulting in a much cleaner exploratory motion than a bare uncorrected motion. Visual enhancements provide still further improvement to the feedback: by opening a view-direction-defined cutaway into the interior of the 3D surface projection, we allow the viewer to keep the haptic probe continuously in view as it traverses any touchable part of the object. Finally, we extend the static tactile exploration framework using a dynamic mode that links each stylus motion to a change in orientation that creates at each instant a maximal-area screen projection of a neighborhood of the current point of interest. This minimizes 4D distortion and permits true metric sizes to be deduced locally at any point. All these methods combine to reveal the full richness of the complex spatial relationships of the target shapes, and to overcome many expected perceptual limitations in 4D visualization.
Taking the fast RIDE: designing while being agile

Evaluation and usability as a practice area has diversified its approaches, broadened the spectrum of UX issues it addresses, and extended its contribution into deeper levels of product-development decision making. This forum addresses conceptual, methodological, and professional issues that arise in the field's continuing effort to contribute robust information about users to product planning and design. David Siegel and Susan Dray, Editors
GaAs opto-thyristor for pulsed power applications

An optically gated thyristor based on GaAs has been designed fabricated and investigated for pulsed power applications. The device included a 200-pm semi-insulating base layer and was triggered with an 848-nm 1-pJ 100-nsec laser diode. The DC blocking voltage of the thyristor was observed to be V the peak current 300 A and the current rate of rise A/sec. Lock-on effect was also observed and is discussed.
Systemic administration and targeted radiosensitization via chemically synthetic aptamer-siRNA chimeras in human tumor xenografts

Radiation therapy is a highly effective tool for treating all stages of prostate cancer, from curative approaches in localized disease to palliative care and enhanced survival for patients with distant bone metastases. The therapeutic index of these approaches may be enhanced with targeted radiation-sensitizing agents. Aptamers are promising nucleic acid delivery agents for short interfering RNAs (siRNA) and short hairpin RNAs (shRNA). We have previously developed a radiation-sensitizing RNA aptamer-shRNA chimera that selectively delivers DNA-PK targeting shRNAs to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive cells in the absence of transfection reagents. Although these chimera are effective, their synthesis requires in vitro transcription and their evaluation was limited to intratumoral administration. Here, we have developed a second-generation aptamer-siRNA chimera that can be assembled through the annealing of three separate chemically synthesized components. The resulting chimera knocked down DNA-PK in PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells, without the need of additional transfection reagents, and enhanced the efficacy of radiation-mediated cell death. Following intravenous injection, the chimera effectively knocked down DNA-PK in established subcutaneous PSMA-positive tumors. Systemic treatment with these radiation-sensitizing agents selectively enhanced the potency of external beam radiation therapy for established PSMA-positive tumors.
Security Awareness Programs

A critical component of security design is security awareness programs. Implemented effectively, security awareness programs enable organizational members to understand the organizations security posture, their responsibilities, and courses of action in the face of security incidents (Purser, 2004). Awareness training programs should be designed as an initiative to foster organizational learning. In addition to the widely used training methods built with traditional or computer-based media, organizational learning tools, such as cognitive maps, are recommended in training to build security awareness as one type of distributed cognition.
EPICS: Serving the Community Through Engineering Design Projects

Undergraduate students in engineering face a future in which they will need more than just a solid technical background. In setting the goals for any system they are asked to design, they will be expected to interact effectively with people of widely varying social and educational backgrounds. They will then be expected to work with people of many different technical backgrounds to achieve these goals. They thus need educational experiences that can help them develop these skills.
Spontaneous resolution of lupus nephritis following withdrawal of etanercept.

Introduction. Etanercept, a systemic inhibitor of α-TNF, is used for treatment of various au- toimmune disorders. We report a case of spontaneous resolution of etanercept-induced lupus nephritis. Case description. A 57-year-old female patient taking etanercept for psoriasis presented with laboratory- and histology-confirmed lupus nephritis. After stopping etanercept, there was normalization of proteinuria, hematuria, serum complements, anti-dsDNA antibody, and resolution of the acute glomerular inflamma- tory process on repeat kidney biopsy. Conclusion. This case demonstrates serology- and biopsy-confirmed resolution of active lupus nephritis upon withdrawal of etanercept.
Coronary Hemodynamics: Measurements and Theoretical Studies

The development of an adequate description of the detailed fluid dynamic characteristics of the coronary circulation has been impeded by the general inaccessibility and small diameter of the coronary vessels in most animals and by limitations on instrumentation size. This has been true even for the superficial (extramural) vessels which lie on the surface of the heart muscle. More recently; however, we have carried out point-velocity measurements in the coronary arteries of horses using both hot-film anemometer and pulsed ultrasonic Doppler systems. Horses have been chosen for these studies of coronary blood flow owing to the large artery diameters available (up to 1.5 cm for the left common coronary artery) and their proved stamina to withstand detailed cardiac investigations.
Multinomial probit Bayesian additive regression trees

This article proposes multinomial probit Bayesian additive regression trees (MPBART) as a multinomial probit extension of BART - Bayesian additive regression trees. MPBART is flexible to allow inclusion of predictors that describe the observed units as well as the available choice alternatives. Through two simulation studies and four real data examples, we show that MPBART exhibits very good predictive performance in comparison to other discrete choice and multiclass classification methods. To implement MPBART, the R package mpbart is freely available from CRAN repositories.
Options for Returning Payloads from the ISS after the Termination of STS Flights

During the upcoming post-STS (Space Shuttle) flight era, there will be a loss of capability of returning payloads from the International Space Station. A survey of means of returning such payloads is discussed, which includes the proposed large re-entry capsules currently being designed. However, these flights may be infrequent and as such, may not meet the required demand for returning smaller payloads at greater periodicity. Approaches applicable to small and mid-sized payloads will be presented, including the payload types of potential interest to the larger ISS (International Space Station) user community. Potential candidate options may include the use of propulsive or drag system designs to accomplish the de-orbit maneuver. One such system, termed Small Payload Quick Return (SPQR), will be discussed as a viable candidate system for providing near-term, on-demand sample return capability.
Congress, Foreign Policy, and the New Institutionalism

New institutionalists argue that analysts are mistaken to separate process from policy in studying Congress's role in policy making. Rather, Congress changes the structure and procedures of decision making in the executive branch in order to influence the content of policy. Attempts to substantiate this claim have examined procedural changes in domestic affairs. This paper extends the argument by assessing the impact of five procedural changes in the area of defense and foreign policy: the Office of the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, the legislative veto on arms sales, legislative participation in trade negotiations, the conditions attached to U.S. security assistance, and the reporting requirements imposed on the intelligence community. The five case studies suggest that procedural changes do at times enable Congress to build its preferences into U.S. foreign policy, but the successes are partial rather than total. Procedural changes meet only partial success because of executive branch opposition and the cost of monitoring and punishing noncompliance. The findings point to the need to incorporate more sophisticated assumptions about Congress and the bureaucracy into future research.
A comparison on the effect of curing perimembranous ventricular septal defects and intracristal ventricular septal defects by transcatheter occlusion with domestic occluder

Objective:To compare the effect of curing perimembranous ventricular septal defects and intracristal ventricular septal defects by transcatheter occlusion using domestic occluder.Method:Data of 32 patients with ventricuar septal defect were analyzed. Among of them,6 patients suffered from intracristal ventricular septal defects, and 26 from perimembranous ventricular septal. Result:The operation itself and the selection of occluders of the intracristal ventricular septal defects group differ greatly from that of the perimembranous ventricular septal defects group: the whole procedure time of intracristal ventricular septal defects was 120-170 min(mean 147 min)and the time of establishing gath was 28-87 min(mean 47 min); the whole procedure time of perimembranous ventricular septal was 70-280 min(mean 105 min) and time of establishing gath was 15-110 min(mean 34 min); the rate of success of both groups are more than 92% .Conclusion:Transcatheter occlusion of intracristal ventricular septal defects by domestic occluder has the same effect as perimembranous ventricular septal defects.
Molecular anatomy of a 5q interstitial deletion

A truncated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) allele on a putative 5q- chromosome of HL-60 cells was cloned and, by comparison with counterpart normal sequences, analyzed for clues to molecular mechanisms facilitating rearrangement and deletion. Within the 17-kilobase (kb) pair locus surrounding the truncated GM-CSF gene remnant, there are no fewer than four rearranged genomic fragments that seemingly derive from chromosome 5 region q21----23. Two of the fragments, which flank the truncated GM-CSF locus on the 5q-, are contiguous on the normal chromosome 5, centrometric to the normal GM-CSF allele, indicating at least one intrachromosomal insertion event, either preceded or followed by further deletion. Insertion and/or deletion was accompanied by juxtaposition of LINE sequences to the 5' side of the truncated GM-CSF locus within the inserted fragment. The entire rearranged locus is embedded in repetitive sequences, which may have mediated successive insertions or deletions. The extent of such stepwise deletions, resulting in loss of genes such as interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, and GM-CSF, whose gene products are critical to differentiation within the lineage of the affected hematopoietic stem cell, may be mirrored in the heterogeneity of symptoms and 5q- deletion sizes observed in myelodysplasias and acute leukemias carrying a 5q- chromosome. Perhaps most significantly, the sequences surrounding the insertion/deletion region are suggestive of recombination signals, including direct repeats and mirrored repeats. The site of insertion of the GM-CSF 3' region into an upstream (centromeric) locus is flanked by direct repeats; the upstream site into which it is inserted is also flanked by 12 base pair (bp) direct repeats. After insertion, one member of each pair of repeats is lost. The organization of this rearranged locus implies that direct repeats had a role in the intrachromosomal recombination/deletion event.
Catastrophic metabolic encephalopathies in the newborn period. Evaluation and management.

The newborn who presents with neurologic symptoms such as seizures or lethargy due to inborn error of metabolism is an important problem. Although each inborn error that presents in this manner is rare, these conditions are not rare as a group, and more than one in 1000 babies is affected with one of the more than 100 different inborn errors that are now known. Many of these conditions present with much the same features seen in sepsis or asphyxia and, when untreated, can lead rapidly to death or permanent neurologic damage. Early diagnosis and management may prevent some or all of this morbidity, and also permits the parents to be informed about the changes of having other affected children. Despite the large number and complexity, most metabolic encephalopathies can be diagnosed by applying a few simple clinical principles and laboratory tests. These principles, and the typical features of some inborn errors that present in the neonate, are detailed in this article.
Sphingolipids, new kids on the block, promoting glomerular fibrosis in the diabetic kidney.

siskind and colleagues have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the role of plasma membrane lipids, particularly glycosphingolipids, to the etiology of various kidney diseases. Using sophisticated methodologies for measuring kidney tissue and urinary levels of lipid biosynthetic substrates and
Raising the next generation of public servants? Parental influence on volunteering behavior and public service career aspirations

Purpose – While there is a large body of literature examining the effect public service motivation (PSM) has on both an individual’s career and volunteering decisions, the effects of social learning and parental influences on both volunteerism and selection into public service are relatively unexplored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between parental volunteering and career choice, PSM, and the volunteering behaviors and career choices of their adult children. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine data collected from first-year undergraduate students at a large, public university in the southeastern USA to examine, the impact of parents in the development of public service behaviors like volunteering and career choice. Findings – The authors find that parental influence matters in shaping voluntary behavior and career aspirations, but that this social learning is distinct by gender. Originality/value – The authors are unaware of work that directly focusses on parents’...
Shear-induced clustering of Brownian colloids in associative polymer networks at moderate Péclet number

Shearing colloidal suspensions in viscoelastic fluids exhibit clustering at relatively high shear rates. New experiments on fluids with thermoresponsive viscoelasticity suggest that this clustering can be driven by the perturbative effect of suspension anisotropy on hydrodynamic interactions.
MicroRNA Analysis in Acute Lung Injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder with numerous clinical and genetic risk factors. MiRNA are short non-coding segments of RNA which posttranscriptionally modify gene expression by preventing translation of target mRNA. Thousands of miRNA have been identified to date and most have many different gene targets. Thus, miRNA have the capacity to modulate the expression of a large proportion of the human genome. Further, miRNA can be released extracellularly and participate in cell-to-cell communication. Although their ubiquitous and pleiotropic nature make miRNA ideal etiologic effectors in ALI, little is currently known about their role in the injury and repair phases of this disease. In this chapter, miRNA synthesis and function are reviewed as well as the existing knowledge of miRNA’s association with ALI.
Benchmark-Quality Atomization Energies for BeH and BeH2

The total atomization energies for BeH and BeH2 have been calculated using the Feller–Peterson–Dixon approach to better than ±1 kcal/mol. The calculations are based on CCSD(T) all-electron calculations extrapolated to the complete limit, and CCSDT and CCSDTQ corrections are included. A scalar relativistic correction and a diagonal Born–Oppenheimer correction are included. Accurate zero-point energies are used. The total atomization energies at 0 K are 47.7 kcal/mol for BeH and 140.0 kcal/mol for BeH2 with error of at most ±0.3 kcal/mol.
JAZ “Targeting” Compounds Induce G1 Cell Cycle Arrest Followed by Cell Death in Human Leukemia Cells

JAZ (just another zinc finger protein) was previously identified in our laboratory as a unique ZFP that preferentially binds to double-stranded (ds) RNA rather than dsDNA. We found that interleukin-3 growth factor withdrawal upregulates JAZ expression in factor-dependent hematopoietic cells in association with p53 activation and induction of apoptotic cell death. We recently discovered JAZ as a novel direct, positive regulator of p53 transcriptional activity. The mechanism involves direct binding to p53’s C-terminal (negative) regulatory domain to activate “latent” p53 in response to non-genotoxic stress signals. Our preliminary data indicate that JAZ is differentially expressed in murine and human bone marrow cells and in normal and malignant hematopoietic tissues and cell lines. Thus, we have explored JAZ as a potentially novel molecular target in human leukemia by identifying small molecules that bind and activate JAZ. Using a high-throughput, “molecular docking” strategy, we have screened approximately 240,000 small molecules for their ability to interact with JAZ. Based on the Lipinski Rules for Drug Likeness (molecular characteristics favorable for absorption and permeability), we identified ~70 putative “drug-like” binding molecules with high scores and obtained ~40 of them from the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program. We first tested their cytotoxic effect on various human leukemia cell lines including wt p53 expressing Reh pre-B lymphoblastic leukemia and Molt-3 T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cells, and p53-deficient U937 leukemic monocyte lymphoma and KU812 and K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. We have selected four “candidate” JAZ-targeting (J1-J4) compounds for further investigation because they are potent (IC 50 = in vitro and in vivo characterization remains to be carried out, the JAZ-“targeting” compound(s) points the way to develop a potentially novel therapeutic strategy targeting JAZ to treat human leukemia.
Effectiveness of Insulation Materials for Packaging of Temperature Sensitive Products

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Abstract 357: Role of Blood Pressure in Aldosterone-Mediated Cardiac Injury

Excess aldosterone (ALDO) causes hypertension (HTN), and cardiac hypertrophy, injury and dysfunction. The role of HTN in ALDO-mediated cardiac injury remains controversial. Whether cardiac injury is blood pressure (BP)-dependent, -independent or exacerbated by HTN is not fully understood. We aim to study the role of BP in ALDO-mediated cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis. Eight-week old uninephrectomized male Sprague Dawley rats (N=6/grp) were randomly assigned to the following 3 groups: Control, ALDO/SALT, ALDO/SALT+3-AHT (Triple Anti-Hypertensive Therapy). ALDO (0.75 μg/h) or vehicle (PEG 300) was administered by osmotic minipumps. SALT (1.0 % NaCl + 0.3 % KCl) was administered in tap water. 3-AHT (240 mg/kg hydralazine, 75 mg/kg hydrochlorothiazide, 15 mg/kg reserpine) was administered in the food. Another set of animals (N=6/grp) was implanted with radiotelemetry probes for BP monitoring. Left ventricle (LV) gene expression (GE) was quantified by qRT-PCR. 3-AHT reduced MAP (126 ± 4 vs. 178 ± 3 mm Hg, p These results suggest that ALDO-mediated LV GE regulation in vivo is BP-dependent without excluding that ALDO may exacerbate the HTN-mediated cardiac injury. A stricter BP management may benefit patients with elevated ALDO levels.
Research Methodologies in Science Education: Undergraduate Research Mentoring, Teacher Workshops, and K-12 Outreach Activities

College faculty at liberal arts colleges, comprehensive universities, and research universities all apportion their time between research, teaching and service to the community. While our previous columns have focused on research on science teaching and learning, in this column we explore research that addresses some of the service activities that college faculty undertake. We have chosen to highlight studies that address mentoring undergraduates or teachers in research projects, designing professional development activities for science teachers, and engaging in outreach activities with the K-12 community. The geoscience education community is experiencing an increase in interest in these areas (Figure 1) and the community is now ready to actively promote research in these areas. Although not all faculty will be engaged in all of these activities, we hope that exposure to some of the research in this area will be useful to you as you mentor undergraduates, design, conduct, or plan teacher workshops, or organize K-12 and community educational outreach projects. We have chosen to focus this discussion on addressing answers to: What are the characteristics that are central to quality research experiences for undergraduates or science teachers? What can you do as a mentor to improve the research experiences of undergraduates in your laboratory? What strategies have been demonstrated to be effective for the professional development of science teachers? How do you decide if the workshops that you have organized for teachers have been effective? What are some of the outreach activities that scientists engage in with the K-12 educational community? How can we ensure that these outreach activities are useful from an educational perspective?
The argument from unfairness

L'A. distingue l'atheisme negatif et l'atheisme positif et analyse l'argument athee de l'injustice opposant la bonte divine a ce que les theistes prennent pour les faits reveles.
Property S and Uniformly Locally Connected Sets

A set M in a metric space is said to have property S if and only if for every ∊ > 0, M is the union of a finite number of connected sets, each of diameter less than e.
Feline insular amyloid: association with diabetes mellitus

Of 31 domestic cats with diabetes mellitus, 20 (65%) had amyloid deposits in their pancreatic islets (i.e., insular amyloid). The incidence of insular amyloidosis (p = 0.34) was not significantly different between diabetic and age-matched, non-diabetic cats from our previous study. Diabetic cats, however, had a significantly higher mean percentage of islets with amyloid (p = less than .005) and a significantly higher mean percentage of islets with abundant amyloid deposits (p = less than .005) than did non-diabetic cats. These results suggest that insular amyloidosis and diabetes are causally related and are not simply concurrent diseases associated with aging. Although the specific relationship of insular amyloidosis to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus was not determined, a functional islet cell abnormality probably precedes the diabetic state and the deposition of insular amyloid.
Association of venous thromboembolism with increased mortality in patients with multiple myeloma.

8051Background: Previous studies have demonstrated conflicting results regarding the effect of venous thromboembolism (VTE) on survival in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In order to understan...
Congratulatory remarks for JEECAR's 5th Anniversary

Dear JEECAR Editorial Board and Contributors: On the occasion of the Journal’s 5th Anniversary, please accept my best wishes. In a short period, you brought the journal to be recognized by the SCOPUS, CABELL, EBSCO, Ulrich, and other academic databases. The Journal advances scholarship knowledge and actively contributes to the better understanding of the global society and economy.
Organism-wide single-cell transcriptomics of long-lived C. elegans daf-2 mutants reveals tissue-specific reprogramming of gene expression networks

A critical requirement for a systems-level understanding of complex biological processes such as aging is the ability to directly characterize interactions between cells and tissues within a multicellular organism. C. elegans nematodes harboring mutations in the insulin-like receptor daf-2 exhibit dramatically-increased lifespans. To identify tissue-specific biochemical mechanisms regulating aging plasticity, we single-cell sequenced mRNA libraries generated from seven populations of whole day one adult wild-type and daf-2 worms using the 10x ChromiumV1 platform. The age-synchronized samples were bioinformatically merged into a single aligned dataset containing 40,000 age-synchronized wild-type and daf-2 cellular transcriptomes partitioned into 101 clusters, using unsupervised machine-learning algorithms to identify common cell types. Here we describe the basic features of the adult C. elegans single-cell transcriptome and summarize functional alterations observed in the gene expression profiles of long-lived daf-2 worms. Comprehensive methods and datasets are provided. This is the first study to directly quantify cell-specific differential gene expression between two age synchronized, genetically distinct populations of multicellular organisms. This novel approach answers fundamental questions regarding tissue-specific regulation of gene expression and helps to establish a foundation for a comprehensive C. elegans single-cell gene expression atlas.
The Biological Role of Ceruloplasmin and Its Oxidase Activity

Ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase) the blue Cu-protein of vertebrate plasma, possesses significant oxidase activity towards Fe(II) and numerous aromatic amines and phenols. Its ferroxidase activity has led to the discovery that it is a molecular link between copper and iron metabolism. Ceruloplasmin mobilizes iron into the plasma from iron storage cells in the liver. An additional role of Cp may be as a contributor to the regulation of the balance of biogenic amines through its oxidase action on the epinephrine and the hydroxyindole series. Ceruloplasmin also serves as a major copper transport vehicle, comparable to transferrin for iron. Evidence is presented that the copper atoms of Cp are a prerequisite for copper utilization in the biosynthesis of cytochrome oxidase. The ability of Cp to release copper at specific cellular sites is believed to be related to its broad substrate spectrum of biological reducing agents. Thus Cp is a serum protein with several important functions, all of which are directly related to its oxidase activity.
Update on HPV Vaccination

Human papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted virus responsible for cancer of the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, penis, oral cavity, and oropharynx. Primary prevention of this infection by HPV vaccination can prevent most cases of cervical cancer in women, if given before sexual debut. Though the quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines were approved by the FDA in 2006 and 2009, respectively, the 9-valent vaccine was approved in 2017. This chapter will discuss the newly available nonavalent HPV vaccine (its rationale, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness comparable to older vaccines), changes in dosage schedules, safety updates, and under research therapeutic vaccines.
Devereux Scales as Behavioral Measures of Visually Impaired Residential Students.

This study examines how well Devereux behavior rating scales perform as sensitive and reliable instruments for delineating inappropriate behavior among visually impaired children at a residential s...
Pattern recognition and direct control home use of a multi-articulating hand prosthesis

Although more multi-articulating hand prostheses have become commercially available, replacing a missing hand remains challenging from a control perspective. This study investigated myoelectric direct control and pattern recognition home use of a multi-articulating hand prosthesis for individuals with a transradial amputation. Four participants were fitted with an i-limb Ultra Revolution hand and a Coapt COMPLETE CONTROL system. An occupational therapist provided training for each control style and how to use the various grips. The number of grips available to each individual was determined by clinician and user feedback to optimize both the number of grips available and the reliability of grip selection. Home trial data corresponding to individual usage were recorded. No significant differences were found between direct and pattern recognition control home trials in regards to trial length (p=0.96), days powered on (p=0.21), or total time powered on (p=0.91). There was a higher average number of configured grips for direct control at 4.8 [0.5] compared to 3.8 [0.5] for pattern recognition control, but this difference did not reach significance (p=0.092). Across all hand close movements, users spent a majority of time $(\gt80$%) in one grip when using direct control. For pattern recognition usage was spread across more grips $(\gt45$% time in one grip, 25% time in a 2nd grip, and 20% time in a 3rd grip). Pattern recognition control may provide users with a more intuitive way to select and use the various grips available to them.
“Ma immobile la freccia ardiva a un cielo senza tempo né varco”: Avversative e sacralità in Utilità della memoria di Maria Luisa Spaziani:

L’articolo si propone di rintracciare il dualismo individuato da diversi critici nella poesia della maturita di Maria Luisa Spaziani e nella raccolta giovanile Utilita della memoria. La presenza di...
Unknown Exogenous Input Estimation For Infinitely Observable Complex Biological Descriptor Systems

Biological complex systems are normally modeled in descriptor system form because of high level of complexity and are a new research field in descriptor systems. In this paper unknown exogenous input for biological complex descriptor system model is estimated using sliding mode observer, provided that the biological descriptor system under consideration is infinitely observable and the exogenous input is bounded. Then exogenous input is removed and descriptor system is set to track a constant reference signal.
The Mythos of Model Interpretability: In machine learning, the concept of interpretability is both important and slippery.

Supervised machine-learning models boast remarkable predictive capabilities. But can you trust your model? Will it work in deployment? What else can it tell you about the world?
Swyer Syndrome: A Case of Dysgerminoma Solely within the Fallopian Tube.

Abstract Background 46XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) is a rare disorder of sexual development. Patients have a 46XY karyotype, though phenotypically they appear female with normal external genitalia and vagina. Although patients exhibit normal Mullerian structures (uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina), they possess a pair of bilateral undifferentiated gonad streaks. Delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea are the common presentations. There is an increased risk of developing tumors in the gonads and therefore a bilateral gonadectomy is recommended. Case A 16-year-old girl who presented with primary amenorrhea was diagnosed with Swyer syndrome. She underwent prophylactic bilateral gonadectomy and salpingectomies. She was discovered to have no gonadal malignancy, conversely dysgerminoma solely within the fallopian tube. Summary and Conclusion Both bilateral salpingectomies and bilateral gonadectomies should be recommended as the operation of choice in patients with Swyer Syndrome.
Subaperture sampling for digital-holography applications involving atmospheric turbulence.

Using wave-optics simulations, this paper defines what subaperture sampling effectively means for digital-holography applications involving atmospheric turbulence. Throughout, we consider the on-axis phase shifting recording geometry (PSRG) and off-axis PSRG, both with the effects of sensor noise. The results ultimately show that (1) insufficient subaperture sampling manifests as an efficiency loss that limits the achievable signal-to-noise ratio and field-estimated Strehl ratio; (2) digital-holography applications involving atmospheric turbulence require at least three focal-plane array (FPA) pixels per Fried coherence length to meet the Marechal criterion; and (3) off-axis PSRG is a valid and efficient implementation with minor losses, as compared to on-axis PSRG. Such results will inform future research efforts on how to efficiently use the available FPA pixels.
Evaluating company adoptions of blockchain technology: How do management and auditor communications affect nonprofessional investor judgments?

Abstract Blockchain, an advanced technology with immense capabilities, is disrupting industries and global commerce. Given blockchain’s complexity, investors will likely rely heavily upon information communicated by management and auditors to understand the risks and benefits of companies using blockchain. In this study, we experimentally investigate how management and auditor communications regarding a company’s use of advanced technology affects nonprofessional investor judgments. First, we investigate if these investors change their judgments depending upon whether management’s descriptions of the advanced technology in the 10-K specifically reference blockchain or not, as prior research suggests investors could react positively or negatively. We also examine whether the presence of a critical audit matter (CAM) related to the advanced technology interacts with specific blockchain references to affect investor judgments, as our theory predicts the combination of a blockchain reference and a technology-related CAM will prompt less investment. Absent a technology-related CAM, we find no evidence that blockchain references influence investor judgments. However, we find that when blockchain references accompany a technology-related CAM, investors indicate less investment. Altogether, these findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the interactive effect of management and auditor communications concerning advanced technologies, as these reporting choices affect the judgments and decision-making of nonprofessional investors.
Immunology of the Coxsackieviruses

The coxsackieviruses are the best-studied group of nonpolio enteroviruses. Unlike that of the polioviruses, the immune reactions of the human or murine (in models of human disease) hosts of infections by the coxsackieviruses are an important component of the diseases generally induced by these viruses. The first T-cell epitope of the coxsackieviruses to be recognized is located in the 2C protein and is held in common with other human enteroviruses; the predominant lymphocyte population proliferating in response to the 2C epitope was CD4+ T cells. In a study using the CVB4-induced murine pancreatitis model, CVB4-inoculated nude and severe combined immunodeficient SCID mice had increased viral replication in the pancreas and increased mortality at early stages of disease, but CD4 knockout mice were protected. This work suggests that CD4+ T-cell responses in the pancreas (a tissue which, in intraperitoneally inoculated mice, achieves coxsackievirus titers as high or higher and more rapidly than serum titers observed in viremia) may be essential for survival during early virus-induced disease, but at later times these cells participate in increased inflammatory disease. In conclusion, immune responses against coxsackieviruses have been explored through the use of murine models of virus-induced heart and pancreatic diseases. The diversity of inbred mouse lines and viral strains leaves the significance of studies to be resolved by comparison with human disease or by a methodical dissection of the immune response to coxsackieviruses generated in the various murine strains.
A Holistic Approach to System Level Energy Optimization

Over the past few years, the design automation community has expended a lot of effort in developing low power design methodologies. However, with the increasing software content in mobile environments and the proliferation of such devices in our day to day life, it is essential to take a fresh holistic look at power optimization from an integrated hardware and software perspective. This paper envisions the tools and methodologies that will become necessary for performing such optimizations. It also presents insights into the interaction and influence of hardware and software optimizations on system energy.
PALLET SYSTEMS FOR INTEGRATING URBAN TRANSPORTATION

Transportation systems under development are broadly divided into train-type systems, in which vehicles stop at mainline stations, and flow systems, in which all speed changing and stopping is carried out on branch lines. Choices made for suspension, propulsion, control, switching, guidance, power, and braking are reviewed and the palleted automate transportation (PAT) system being developed at MIT using synchronous propulsion and control is described.
Abducted: How People Come to Believe They Were Kidnapped by Aliens

Introduction 1. How Do You Wind Up Studying Aliens? 2. How Do People Come To Believe They Were Abducted by Aliens? 3. Why Do I Have Memories If It Didn't Happen? 4. Why Are Abduction Stories So Consistent? 5. Who Gets Abducted? 6. If It Didn't Happen, Why Would I Want To Believe It Did? Notes Index
Designs in Additive Codes over GF (4)

The purpose of this paper is to study designs in additive codes over GF(4). There are two types of designs. One is a classical t-design with repeated blocks. In this case we have an analog of the Assmus–Mattson Theorem for additive codes over GF(4). The other is a generalized t-design first introduced by Delsarte [4]. As an example, we consider the dodecacode, which is the unique additive even self-dual (12, 212, 6) code. We show that there exists a 5-(12, 6, 3) design in the dodecacode with either 3 distinct blocks or 3 repeated blocks covering a 5-set. We also find a new simple 3-(11, 5, 4) design in the shortened dodecacode by a computer search. Additionally we show that any extremal additive even self-dual code over GF(4) is homogeneous.
Shrouded: Islam, War, and Holy War in Southeast Asia

The relationship between Islam and war has been the focus of lively debates. While terrorism experts might find a holy war wherever they look, others deny the role of faith in motivating violence. While no conflict is entirely inspired by faith, nor is any conflict entirely without it, the degree of religious motivation matters a great deal. How does one gauge the religiosity of a given conflict? We identify three dominant approaches: citing scripture, citing militant leaders, and quantifying religious divisions. While each approach makes valuable contributions, none help us to understand the degree to which a given struggle is understood by Muslim communities to be sacred. Based on rural fieldwork in three Southeast Asian secessionist conflicts, this article provides a series of empirical indicators of religious conflict: the religious credentials of rebel leaders, recruitment networks, public discourse, and burial practices. Burial practices for fallen rebels provide especially novel insights into how conflicts are understood by local religious officials and Muslim communities, offering a new window into understanding religiosity as perceived by internal audiences.
Conceptual Design of Active Object-Oriented Database Applications Using Multi-level Diagrams

Several active object-oriented database systems have been developed to address the needs of applications with complex requirements and time execution constraints (e.g. computer integrated manufacturing). However, no comprehensive and integrated modeling approach has been described for conceptually modeling active object-oriented database applications.
PET/CT mediastinal and liver FDG uptake: effects of biological and procedural factors.

Introduction To establish the effects of biological and procedural factors on mediastinal and liver [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in oncological FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods This retrospective study included 557 patients who had a baseline FDG PET/CT scan in 2008 and 2009. Mediastinal and liver standardised uptake values mean normalised to lean body mass (SUVlbmmean) were measured in each patient. Univariate and multivariate regression models were established. Study population was then dichotomised into low and high body mass index (BMI) groups, and linear regression models were established for the effects of age, incubation period and blood glucose levels. Results BMI had the highest adjusted effect (standardised beta coefficient, b = 0.43) (P < 0.001) and partial correlation, adjusting for covariates included in the final model (r = 0.45; P < 0.001) on mediastinal FDG uptake. Partial correlations (r) were 0.22 for age, −0.17 for male gender, −0.25 for incubation period and 0.14 for blood glucose (P < 0.001). The linear regression models showed significant differences in mediastinal FDG uptake between the low and high BMI groups and the effects of age, incubation period and basal blood glucose levels (P < 0.001). Similar results were observed for liver FDG uptake except the partial correlation for incubation period was r = −0.09 (P = 0.02). Conclusion BMI has the highest effect and correlation on mediastinal and liver FDG uptake. FDG uptake time has a greater effect on mediastinal than liver SUVlbmmean.
Solute transport to the endothelial intercellular cleft: the effect of wall shear stress.

The interendothelial cleft is the major transport pathway across the endothelium for hydrophilic solutes including albumin and low density lipoprotein. Previous models of arterial wall transport have assumed that the entire endothelial cell surface is available for transport from the fluid (blood) phase. One of the consequences of a cleft-mediated solute uptake mechanism is the limited area available for mass transport. This effect, together with the influence of a predominantly longitudinal cleft orientation in relation to flow, dramatically alters the fluid–phase mass transport characteristics relative to what has been assumed previously in analyzing vascular solute uptake problems. We have used a finite element computational model to simulate fluid phase transport to a longitudinal endothelial cleft under realistic wall shear rate conditions. Our numerical results show reduced dependence of the mass transfer rate on the wall shear rate compared to the classical Leveque solution for mass transport in a cross-flow configuration and confirm the significance of the wall and not the fluid as the limiting resistance to transport of macromolecules. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society.