cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Calculated Prognostic Estimation Lead to Different Outcomes Compared With Experience-Based Prognostication in the ICU? A Systematic Review.

Little is known about the impact of providing calculator/guideline based versus clinical experiential-based prognostic estimates to patients/caregivers in the ICU. We sought to determine whether studies have compared types of prognostic estimation in the ICU and associations with outcomes. Data sources Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search was run on January 4, 2016, and April 12, 2017. References for included articles were searched. Study selection Studies meeting the following criteria were included in the analysis: communication of prognostic estimates, a comparator group, and in the adult ICU setting. Data extraction Titles/abstracts were reviewed by two researchers. We identified 10,704 articles of which 10 met inclusion criteria. Seven of the studies included estimates obtained from calculators/guidelines and three were based on subjective estimation wherein clinicians were asked to estimate prognosis based on experience. Only the seven using calculated/guideline based estimation were used for pooled analysis. Of these, one was a randomized trial, and six were nonrandomized before/after studies. All of the studies communicated the calculated/guideline-based estimates to the clinician. Two studies involved the communication of calculated prognostic estimates to the ICU physicians for all ICU patients. Four included identification of high-risk patients based on guidelines or review of historical local data which triggered a palliative care/ethics consultation, and one study included communication to physicians about guideline based likely outcomes for neurologic recovery for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. The comparator arm in all studies was usual care without protocolized prognostication. Data synthesis Included studies were assessed for risk of bias. The most common outcomes measured were hospital mortality; do-not-resuscitate status; and medical ICU length of stay. In pooled analyses, there was an association between calculated/guideline based prognostic estimation and decreased medical ICU length of stay as well as increased do-not-resuscitate status, but no difference in hospital mortality. Conclusions Protocolized assessment of calculator/guideline based prognosis in ICU patients is associated with decreased medical ICU length of stay and increased do-not-resuscitate status but does not have a significant effect on mortality. Future studies should explore how communicating these estimates to physicians changes behaviors including communication to patients/families and whether calculator/guideline based prognostication is associated with improved patient and family rated outcomes.
Hearing Loss's Incidence and Impact on Employment in the United States.

Objective To determine the incidence of hearing loss (HL) as well as differences in wages and labor force participation rates between individuals with and without HL. Study design Retrospective ecological study. Patients 1% of the US population including individuals with and without HL from the public use micro data sample (PUMS) of the 2011 to 2016 American Community Survey (ACS) was analyzed. Main outcome measure ACS census data on individual age, self-reported hearing loss, labor force participation, and monetary earnings between 2011 and 2016. Results HL incidence rates were 13.4, 0.4, 3.8, 18.1, and 117.1 per 10,000 people among 0 to 2, 3 to 17, 18 to 44, 45 to 64, and 65+ years old, respectively. HL 18 to 44, 45 to 64, and 65+ years old participated in the labor force at 86, 81, and 61% of the rate of hearing individuals. HL 18 to 44, 45 to 64, and 65+ years old earned 78, 73, and 72% of the wages earned by non-HL individuals. Conclusions Calculated HL incidence and labor force participation rates were higher than previously published in literature analyzing 1991 census data. The changes may be due to the methodology used in this study but may also reflect improvements in diagnosis, access to technology, and the implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990.
Chapter 4 – Psychological Foundations

Publisher Summary The psychological approach to human motor control focuses on the functional control of movement and stability—what might be called the software rather than the hardware of human motor control. This chapter elaborates four main parts, first is theories of sequencing and timing, second part concerns theories of skill learning, the third part concerns the memory systems and forms of mental representations that are used in human motor control, and the fourth part deals with states of mind. An important theory of sequencing and timing is embodied in the concept of response chaining. The idea is that the stimulus produced by a movement triggers the next movement in the sequence. According to the theory, differences in successive stimuli give rise to differences in successive responses. One difficulty with the theory is that successive movements often occur too quickly for any one movement to be elicited by sensory feedback from the preceding movement. A second difficulty is that the same output can be followed by different outputs on different occasions. A third difficulty is that interrupting sensory feedback does not always interrupt movement. Counterarguments can be raised to these challenges, and elaborations of the response chaining theory can be proposed to surmount the challenges. Nonetheless, the theory is damned by the fact that behavior reflects sensitivity to rules.
Antibiotic multi-drug-resistance of Escherichia coli causing device- and procedure-related infections in the United States reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), 2013-2017.

BACKGROUND Escherichia coli is one of the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAI); multidrug resistance reduces available options for antibiotic treatment. We examined factors associated with the spread of multidrug-resistant E. coli phenotypes responsible for device- and procedure-related HAI from acute care hospitals, long term acute care hospitals and inpatient rehabilitation facilities, using isolate and antimicrobial susceptibility data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) from 2013-2017. METHODS We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between co-resistant phenotypes, patient and healthcare facility characteristics, and time. We also examined the geographic distributione of co-resistant phenotypes each year by state and by hospital referral region to identify hot spots. RESULTS A total of 96,672 E. coli isolates were included. Patient median age was 62 years; 60% were females; over half (54%) were reported from catheter-associated urinary tract infections. From 2013-2017, 35% of the isolates were non-susceptible to FQs; 17% to ESCs; and 13% to both ESCs and FQs. The proportion of isolates co-resistant to ESCs and FQs was higher in 2017 (14%) than in 2013 (11%) (P<0.0001); overall prevalence and increases were heterogeneously distributed across healthcare referral regions. Co-resistance to FQs and ESCs was independently associated with male sex, central line-associated bloodstream infections, long-term acute care hospitals, and the 2016-17 (v. 2013-14) reporting period. CONCLUSIONS Multidrug-resistance among E.coli causing device- and procedure-related HAIs has increased in the United States. FQ and ESC co-resistant strains appear to be spreading heterogeneously across hospital referral regions.
King-Hele orbit theory for periodic orbit and attitude variations

The analytical theory of satellite orbits in an atmosphere developed by King-Hele remains widely in use for satellite mission design because of its accurate approximation to numerical integration under simplifying assumptions. Over the course of six decades, modifications to the theory have addressed many of its weaknesses. However, in all subsequent modifications of the original theory, the assumption of a constant drag-coefficient has been retained. The drag-coefficient is a dynamic parameter that governs the physical interaction between the atmosphere and the satellite and depends on ambient as well as satellite specific factors. In this work, Fourier series expansion models of the drag-coefficient are incorporated in the original King-Hele theory to capture time-variations of the drag-coefficient in averaging integrals. The modified theory is validated through simulations that demonstrate the attained improvements in approximating numerical results over the original King-Hele formulation.
Arriving for the Examination

This chapter discusses how to reduce the chance of a missed appointment (no-show) and how to re-engage patients who fail to show up. Since waiting is one of the most common causes of patient dissatisfaction, we discuss ways to ensure that patients are available when they are needed, but are not made to wait excessively. It also describes important steps that can be taken to keep patients informed about what to expect, and how to deal with unexpected arrivals. It concludes with a brief discussion of service recovery for those times when delays are unavoidable.
The relationship between acculturative stress and postmigration mental health in Iraqi refugee women resettled in San Diego, California

Due to the lack of research on the adverse impact of acculturative stress on the mental health, the current study examined the associations between acculturative stress and post-migration mental health outcomes among 219 Iraqi refugee women resettled in San Diego, California. Mental illness, trauma history, and acculturative stress were measured and descriptive statistical analyses, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between acculturative stress, depression, and anxiety among the refugee women.About half of the participants were categorized as having anxiety (45.6%) and depression (55.3%). The multivariate regression analysis found that the odds of a mental health outcome of depression and anxiety in relation to acculturative stress, increases by a factor of 1.056 and 1.076 respectively, for every point increase on the acculturative stress scale.The study's findings reflect a linear association of acculturative stress with depression and anxiety among Iraqi refugee mothers resettled in San Diego. The mental well-being of refugees does not always improve nor does their trauma disappear by resettling in a new country. Policy makers should consider extending the evaluation, follow-up, and support of Iraqi refugee mental health long beyond the current 90 post arrival policy.
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled ECG to Identify Silent Atrial Fibrillation in Embolic Stroke of Unknown Source.

Abstract Objectives Embolic strokes of unknown source (ESUS) are common and often suspected to be caused by unrecognized paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). An AI-enabled ECG (AI-ECG) during sinus rhythm has been shown to identify patients with unrecognized AF. We pursued this study to determine if the AI-ECG model differentiates between patients with ESUS and those with known causes of stroke, and to evaluate whether the AF prediction by AI-ECG among patients with ESUS was associated with the results of prolonged ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring. Materials and methods We reviewed consecutive patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke to a comprehensive stroke center between January 2018 and August 2019 and employed the TOAST classification to categorize the mechanisms of ischemia. Use and results of ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring after discharge were gathered. We ran the AI-ECG model to obtain AF probabilities from all ECGs acquired during the hospitalization and compared those probabilities in patients with ESUS versus those with known stroke causes (apart from AF), and between patients with and without AF detected by ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring. Results The study cohort had 930 patients, including 263 patients (28.3%) with known AF or AF diagnosed during the index hospitalization and 265 cases (28.5%) categorized as ESUS. Ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring was performed in 226 (85.3%) patients with ESUS. AF probability by AI-ECG was not associated with ESUS. However, among patients with ESUS, the probability of AF by AI-ECG was associated with a higher likelihood of AF detection by ambulatory monitoring (P = 0.004). A probability of AF by AI-ECG greater than 0.20 was associated with AF detection by ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring with an OR of 5.47 (95% CI 1.51–22.51). Conclusions AI-ECG may help guide the use of prolonged ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring in patients with ESUS to identify those who might benefit from anticoagulation.
Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking Based Synchronous Rectification for LLC Converter

Synchronous rectification (SR) is challenging for LLC resonant converter because of the difference between primary switches and secondary synchronous rectifier. Although numerous SR driving strategies have been proposed, they all have some disadvantages. A SR driving strategy is proposed based on the maximum efficiency tracking. The input current is sensed to find the maximum efficiency corresponded driving signals for SR. The proposed driving strategy has the following advantages: 1) it can applied to any LLC topologies; 2) the sampling circuit loss is small since the SR is normally used in low output voltage applications, where the input current is small; 3) the maximum efficiency operation for the converter can be ensured simultaneously. The operational principles, simulation and experiment verification are presented.
Machine Learning Assisted Approach for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) which is used in the power system day-ahead generation scheduling is a mixed-integer linear programming problem that is computationally intensive. A good warm-start solution or a reduced-SCUC model can bring significant time savings. In this work, a novel approach is proposed to effectively utilize machine learning (ML) to provide a good starting solution and/or reduce the problem size of SCUC. An ML model using a logistic regression algorithm is proposed and trained using historical nodal demand profiles and the respective commitment schedules. The ML outputs are processed and analyzed to assist SCUC. The proposed approach is validated on several standard test systems namely, IEEE 24-bus system, IEEE 73-bus system, IEEE 118-bus system, synthetic South Carolina 500-bus system, and Polish 2383-bus system. Simulation results demonstrate that the prediction from the proposed machine learning model can provide a good warm-start solution and/or reduce the number of variables and constraints in SCUC with minimal loss in solution quality while substantially reducing the computing time.
Scalable detection of web malware on smartphones

Recently, the smartphone industry has seen tremendous growth due to the widespread adoption of devices based on Google's Android and Apple's IOS platforms. The worldwide market penetration of Android based smartphones has attracted the attention of malware developers. This paper presents a scalable classifier to detect web malware on Android smartphones. Limited computational and energy resources on smartphones make it infeasible to deploy rich featured security mechanisms. We extracted network and URL inspection features from over two million mobile URLs. A scalable classier is applied to the measured features and implemented on MapReduce/Hadoop based cloud computing platform. Performance evaluation of the system has shown that 99.8% accuracy is achieved with a response time of 120 ms.
The Magic of Disappearing Wealth Revisited: Using Family Limited Partnerships to Reduce Estate and Gift Tax

Part I of this article describes the techniques for using family limited partnerships to reduce gift and estate taxes. Part II will discuss the economic validity of the discounts that are allowed under current law. Part III will examine the current status of the law regarding FLPs. Finally, Part IV will discuss the need for reform and will analyze and evaluate the various proposals for reform put forth to date. Part IV will conclude with a new recommendation for curtailing the abusive use of FLPs.
Death, dying and informatics: misrepresenting religion on MedLine

Background The globalization of medical science carries for doctors worldwide a correlative duty to deepen their understanding of patients' cultural contexts and religious backgrounds, in order to satisfy each as a unique individual. To become better informed, practitioners may turn to MedLine, but it is unclear whether the information found there is an accurate representation of culture and religion. To test MedLine's representation of this field, we chose the topic of death and dying in the three major monotheistic religions.
Marital Status and Cancer Incidence: Differences in the Black and White Populations

A study of 59,070 cancers newly diagnosed during the years 1978 through 1982 among black and white males and females was conducted to assess variations in age-adjusted incidence rates across four marital categories, single, married, divorced, and widowed. Population data were obtained from the 1980 Census. Distinct patterns of cancer incidence by marital status were observed for black and white males and females. Single black males had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates for all 15 of the 15 sites analyzed among men. Similarly single black females' rates were highest for 14 of the 18 sites analyzed among women. Among white females, age-adjusted incidence rates were highest or second highest in widows for 16 of 18 sites analyzed. The variation in cancer incidence by marital status was not statistically significant for white men. In addition, there is a statistically significant concordance of cancer incidence by marital status across the four race-gender groups for three digestive tract sites. Clues to cancer etiology are suggested by this study, as well as potential directions for preventive health programs.
Functions of Conserved Motifs in the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of a Yeast Double-Stranded RNA Virus

At least eight conserved motifs are visible in the totivirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP). We have systematically altered each of these in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae double-stranded RNA virus ScVL1 by substituting the conserved motifs from a giardiavirus. The results help define the conserved regions of the RDRP involved in polymerase function and those essential for other reasons.
Business Political Influence on Municipal Budgets

Past empirical studies of local government fiscal performance have made extensive use of the median voter model Despite its analytical advantages, the model proceeds from a highly simplified conception of politics in which business firms play no direct role An alternative model is developed which permits statistical tests for business political influence on municipal budgeting and the estimation of local residents’net fiscal benefit from firms Firms’fiscal impact varies widely across municipalities, often entailing a negative net effect on residents Variations in these impacts indicate not only the presence of business influence but also permit tests of alternative hypotheses of interest group politics The data used dealt with eighty-six San Francisco Bay area cities
An innovative thermal balance test for Landsat-7 ETM+ instrument: cheaper, faster, unusual, successful

A thermal balance test with cold vacuum chamber walls is needed at the instrument level for the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) instrument. The initial approaches for the thermal balance test had significant impacts on the cost and schedule. This paper presents an innovative approach, which is cheaper, faster and better. It consists of two modifications to the baseline thermal vacuum (T/V) test profile, and will maintain the total test time in the vacuum chamber the same as the baseline. The first modification is to change the chamber wall temperature from 0/spl deg/C to -90/spl deg/C and enable the standby and safehold flight heaters during the 2.6-day radiative cooler cooldown to perform a cold thermal balance. The second modification is to reverse the order of 20% and 30% ETM+ duty cycles during orbital simulations in orbits 36 through 44, and change the chamber wall temperature from 0/spl deg/C to -90/spl deg/C and increase the duty cycle from 30% to 36% during orbital simulations in orbits 25 through 40 to perform a hot thermal balance. Reversing the order of 20% and 30% duty cycles in orbits 36 through 44 increases the time for 30% duty cycle continuous simulation by 0.3 day, and has a better chance of reaching a dynamic equilibrium. The innovative thermal balance test requires some extra test preparation time for adding kapton film heaters, kapton tape and a 0.0508 mm thick aluminized kapton cover to the Thematic Mapper Calibrator (TMC) test fixture.
Response to Barry Buzan and George Lawson

Buzan and Lawson propose a wide critique that contends that important developments that occurred during the “long 19th century” (1789–1914) have been ignored or misconstrued by most other international relations theorists. And they assert their own version of what was important about the 19th century as the period when fundamental features of the world-system emerged that are still central in the 21st century. They are right that the 19th century was important because for the first time, there was a nearly global single network of allying and fighting states organized around the rise of the European great powers and the encirclement of China, long the hegemonic great power of a largely separate East Asian international system. Buzan and Lawson assert that the rise of the European Great powers was made possible by “a novel configuration which linked industrialization, the rational state, and ideologies of progress.” Buzan and Lawson improve upon the more usual core-centric bias in international relations by focusing attention on the important role played by the Global South in the reproduction and transformation of international orders. They note that it was during the 19th century that huge economic inequalities between the European Great Powers and Asia, Africa, and Latin America emerged. Those with machine guns, medicine, industrial power, railroads, and new forms of organization gained a pronounced advantage over those with limited access to these sources of power. The resulting inequalities fostered the emergence of a hierarchical international order, the establishment of which defines the basic commonality between the 19th century and the contemporary world (Buzan and Lawson 2013). They see the non-core Global South as both a field of competition in which the core powers sought …
SUPPRESSION OF WATER SPRAY ON WET ROADS

A LABORATORY TEST PROGRAM AND FIELD TEST VERIFICATION SHOW THAT PROPERLY DESIGNED FENDERS CAN BE VERY EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING THE SPRAY AND MIST PRODUCED BY A TRACTOR-TRAILER AT HIGHWAY SPEEDS. GUIDELINES AND OBSERVATIONS ARE PRESENTED TO AID IN THE DESIGN AND ADAPTATION OF A FENDER TO A PARTICULAR VEHICLE CONFIGURATION. /AUTHOR/
Automated expert modeling for automated student evaluation

This paper presents automated expert modeling for automated student evaluation, or AEMASE (pronounced “amaze”). This technique grades students by comparing their actions to a model of expert behavior. The expert model is constructed with machine learning techniques, avoiding the costly and time-consuming process of manual knowledge elicitation and expert system implementation. A brief summary of after action review (AAR) and intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) provides background for a prototype AAR application with a learning expert model. A validation experiment confirms that the prototype accurately grades student behavior on a tactical aircraft maneuver application. Finally, several topics for further research are proposed.
Luminescence from C + ( H 2 , H)C H + below 20 eV

Photons resulting from ${\mathrm{C}}^{+}$-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ collisions have been studied in order to determine which electronic states of the product C${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ are formed. The $A^{1}\ensuremath{\Pi}$, $b^{3}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$, and $B^{1}\ensuremath{\Delta}$ states are observed; relative intensities depend on kinetic energy. No emission is unambiguously attributable to CH. These results complement earlier kinematic studies, and represent the first system for which luminescence has been used to distinguish among states suggested by kinematic analyses of reactive collisions.
Quantitative phase imaging with scanning holographic microscopy: an experimental assesment

This paper demonstrates experimentally how quantitative phase information can be obtained in scanning holographic microscopy. Scanning holography can operate in both coherent and incoherent modes, simultaneously if desired, with different detector geometries. A spatially integrating detector provides an incoherent hologram of the object's intensity distribution (absorption and/or fluorescence, for example), while a point detector in a conjugate plane of the pupil provides a coherent hologram of the object's complex amplitude, from which a quantitative measure of its phase distribution can be extracted. The possibility of capturing simultaneously holograms of three-dimensional specimens, leading to three-dimensional reconstructions with absorption contrast, reflectance contrast, fluorescence contrast, as was previously demonstrated, and quantitative phase contrast, as shown here for the first time, opens up new avenues for multimodal imaging in biological studies.
Internalized Listeria monocytogenes modulates intracellular trafficking and delays maturation of the phagosome

Previous studies have shown that early phagosome-endosome fusion events following phagocytosis of Listeria monocytogenes are modulated by the live organism. In the present study, we have characterized more fully the intracellular pathway of dead and live Listeria phagosomes. To examine access of endosomal and lysosomal markers to phagosomes containing live and dead Listeria, quantitative electron microscopy was carried out with intact cells using internalized BSA-gold as a marker to quantify transfer of solute from endosomal and lysosomal compartments to phagosomes. To monitor the protein composition of phagosomal membranes and to quantify transfer of HRP from endosomes and lysosomes to phagosomes, highly enriched phagosomes containing live and dead Listeria were isolated. Enriched phagosomal membranes were used for western blotting experiments with endosomal and lysosomal markers. In this study, we used a listeriolysin-deficient mutant, Listeria(hly-), that is retained within the phagosome following phagocytosis. Western blotting experiments indicate that early endosomal markers (mannose receptor, transferrin receptor) and key fusion factors necessary for early events (NSF, alpha/beta-SNAP) but not late endosomal markers (cation dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor) or lysosomal proteins (cathepsin D or lamp-1) accumulate on the live-Listeria phagosomal membranes. On the contrary, phagosomes containing dead-Listeria are readily accessible by both endocytic and lysosomal markers. Studies with radiolabeled dead- and live-Listeria(hly-) indicate that, following phagocytosis, degradation of the live microorganism is substantially delayed. These findings indicate that dead-Listeria containing phagosomes rapidly mature to a phagolysosomal stage whereas live-Listeria(hly-) prevents maturation, in part, by avoiding fusion with lysosomes. The data suggest that by delaying phagosome maturation and subsequent degradation, Listeria prolongs survival inside the phagosome/endosome assuring bacterial viability as a prelude to escape into the cytoplasm.
Effects of surround luminance on perceptual latency in the fovea.

The effect of surround luminance on relative latency of response to a test stimulus was measured with the perceived-order method in which asynchrony between two lights is varied to make the lights appear subjectively simultaneous. Increasing surround luminance from zero to levels high enough to impair test-stimulus detectability resulted in reduction of test-stimulus latency (facilitation of response speed) by 100 ms both in the rod-free area of the fovea and in the periphery. Since appreciable facilitation of response speed was obtained in the rod-free area of the fovea, suppression of visual noise would seem to be a more plausible explanation of the facilitation effect than inhibition of rod activity. Variation of surround luminance was also found to have a much greater effect than variation of test-stimulus luminance.
Mining classifications from social-ecological databases

Social-ecological research is characteristic of long-tail science, with many region-specific studies of social and ecological phenomena that collectively yield a large volume of highly heterogeneous, small data sets. This variability makes it difficult to determine the applicability of a particular data set for a new research question, hindering the reuse of data that has been often collected through extensive effort. In this paper we present results of automatic classification of socio-ecological data into categories defined by a domain model called the SES Framework. We have applied our methods to the classification of a relational database containing over 18 years of research on forest systems. Our preliminary results suggest that decision tree-based classifiers along with textual features perform well at this task. Furthermore, social-ecological data sets are found to exhibit distinct classification features in that the results are promising even for classes that comprise a relatively small portion of the database.
Explosive Nucleosynthesis in Stars

Recent calculations provide convincing evidence that the naturally occurring nuclei were produced in explosions. The required temperature, density and expansion rate strongly suggest that before the explosion the objects were ordinary evolved massive stars. We review these new developments and present a new table indicating our hypothesis concerning the origin of the nuclei in the mass range 20≤A≤62.
Analysis of reverse combustion in tar sands

Abstract This paper describes a one-dimensional numerical model that simulates oil recovery from tar sands by reverse combustion. The method of lines is used to solve the nonlinear differential equations describing the flow. The effects of volumetric air flux on the peak temperature, flame velocity, and oil recovery efficiency are reported. The results are compared to the results of relevant experimental studies.
FSM-H: Frequent Subgraph Mining Algorithm in Hadoop

Frequent subgraph mining (FSM) is an important task for exploratory data analysis on graph data. Over the years, many algorithms have been proposed to solve this task. These algorithms assume that the data structure of the mining task is small enough to fit in the main memory of a computer. However, as the real-world graph data grows, both in size and quantity, such an assumption does not hold any longer. To overcome this, some graph database-centric methods have been proposed in recent years for solving FSM, however, a distributed solution using MapReduce paradigm has not been explored extensively. Since, MapReduce is becoming the de-facto paradigm for computation on massive data, an efficient FSM algorithm on this paradigm is of huge demand. In this work, we propose a frequent subgraph mining algorithm called FSM-H which uses an iterative MapReduce based framework. FSM-H is complete as it returns all the frequent subgraphs for a given user-defined support, and it is efficient as it applies all the optimizations that the latest FSM algorithms adopt. Our experiments with real life and large synthetic datasets validate the effectiveness of FSM-H for mining frequent subgraphs from large graph datasets. The source code of FSM-H is available from www.cs.iupui.edu/~alhasan/software/
MEMS-based series and shunt variable capacitors for microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies

This article describes design and modeling of MEMS-based variable capacitors with rf performance acceptable for microwave and millimeter-wave applications. Appropriately designed thermal actuators are used to move the MEMS capacitor plate vertically to change the air gap between the MEMS plate and the signal line of a coplanar waveguide (CPW). Both series- and shunt-mounted capacitors have been demonstrated. Effect of actuator design on rf performance is investigated by electromagnetic simulation. Experimental results show an air gap change resulting in a capacitance variation with a ratio of 2.7:1. For the shunt-mounted capacitor, the capacitance showed no self-resonance and the equivalent resistance is less than 0.5 Ω in the frequency range up to 40 GHz. The MEMS-based variable capacitors are described with an emphasis on rf design and characterization. In particular, the effects of actuator design on rf performance are discussed in details.
A Computer Tutorial on the Principles of Stimulus Generalization.

In this article, I describe a computer tutorial that teaches the fundamentals of stimulus generalization in operant learning. The content is appropriate for courses in general psychology, learning, and behavioral programming. Concepts covered include reinforcement, discrimination learning, stimulus continua, generalization, generalization gradients, and peak shift. The tutorial also reviews applications in animal and human situations. Student reaction to this form of presentation was very favorable.
Effect of Timing of Chronic Preoperative Aspirin Discontinuation on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Having Combined Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Valve Surgery

The objective of this study was to determine if late use of aspirin before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with valve surgery affects bleeding events and major adverse cardiovascular events. Aspirin has been shown to decrease postoperative CABG mortality and ischemic events. There are no data on the time of aspirin discontinuation and its effect on CABG with valve surgery and bleeding complications. From January 1, 2002 to January 31, 2008, 1,963 patients undergoing nonurgent plus valve surgery at the Cleveland Clinic were on preoperative aspirin; 1,404 (72%) discontinued aspirin ≥ 6 days before surgery (early discontinuation) and 559 (28%) continued aspirin within 5 days of surgery (late use). Propensity-score analysis and matching were employed for fair comparison of outcomes. There was no difference between early-discontinuation and late-use groups in the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke (5.3% in the 2 groups). More patients in the late-use group received postoperative transfusions (49% vs 42%, p = 0.02). There was a trend toward increased reoperation for bleeding (6.1% vs 3.7%, p = 0.08) in the late-use group. In conclusion, in patients undergoing CABG with valve surgery, there was an increased use of postoperative red blood cell transfusion and a trend toward increased reoperation for bleeding in the late-use group. There was no difference in major adverse cardiac events between groups. Late use of aspirin in CABG with valve surgery must be weighed against an increased risk of bleeding.
Validating the technology learning cycle in the context of faculty adoption of integrated uses of technology in a teacher education curriculum

Because of the demand for effective technology use by K-12 teachers, many teacher education programmes are making technology integration a key component of their curriculum. To address this need, our institution's Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers to Use Technology (PT3) grant implemented a technology-focused professional development program for the teacher education faculty based on a change and development model called the "Technology Learning Cycle" (TLC). Preliminary results from applying the TLC have shown it to be effective in promoting technology use. In order to generalise the TLC's applicability by establishing concurrent validity, this study compares the TLC with a better-known change and adoption model provided by Rogers. The validation is conducted in the context of how the TLC was applied to a cohort of 11 teacher education faculty as they learned to incorporate technology into their teaching.
The role of coping in depression treatment utilization for VA primary care patients.

Objective To examine the impact of Veterans’ coping strategies on mental health treatment engagement following a positive screen for depression.
Extragalactic Content of Gamma-Ray Burst Localizations

Results of a deep, near-infrared survey of a predetermined, consistent sample of gamma-ray burst localizations are presented. This systematic study, conducted from 1994 to 1996, is the first to be designed specifically to examine the extragalactic content of these regions of sky. JHK images of nine of the smallest error boxes from the third Interplanetary Network together with 70 arcmin2 of control fields were obtained, reaching levels up to 200 times fainter than those reached by previous infrared studies of burst locations. Photometric measurements and star/galaxy separation measurements of more than 3000 detected objects were made. An overabundance of brighter galaxies exists in the gamma-ray burst images at the 98% confidence level, which indicates that the bursts are cosmological. Both the level of this enhancement and the galaxy brightness, where it appears, match what is expected for host galaxies. As a group, the brightest galaxy within each error box is slightly brighter than normal but is still consistent with a random population of galaxies. Their positions within the boxes are also consistent with a random distribution, with no preference toward the center. The bright galaxy excess in these regions of sky, combined with a seemingly random population of brightest error box galaxies, suggest that either the true host galaxies are fainter or the error boxes do not point accurately to the hosts.
Mismatch Repair-dependent Iterative Excision at Irreparable O6-Methylguanine Lesions in Human Nuclear Extracts

The response of mammalian cells to Sn1 DNA methylators depends on functional MutSalpha and MutLalpha. Cells deficient in either of these activities are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of this class of chemotherapeutic drug. Because killing by Sn1 methylators has been attributed to O6-methylguanine (MeG), we have constructed nicked circular heteroduplexes that contain a single MeG-T mispair, and we have examined processing of these molecules by mismatch repair in nuclear extracts of human cells. Excision provoked by MeG-T is restricted to the incised heteroduplex strand, leading to removal of the MeG when it resides on this strand. However, when the MeG is located on the continuous strand, the heteroduplex is irreparable. MeG-T-dependent repair DNA synthesis is observed on both reparable and irreparable 3' and 5' heteroduplexes as judged by [32P]dAMP incorporation. Labeling with [alpha-32P]dATP followed by a cold dATP chase has demonstrated that newly synthesized DNA on irreparable molecules is subject to re-excision in a reaction that is MutLalpha-dependent, an effect attributable to the presence of MeG on the template strand. Processing of the irreparable 3' heteroduplex is also associated with incision of the discontinuous strand of a few percent of molecules near the thymidylate of the MeG-T base pair. These results provide the first direct evidence for mismatch repair-mediated iterative processing of DNA methylator damage, an effect that may be relevant to damage signaling events triggered by this class of chemotherapeutic agent.
Patterns of glial development in the human foetal spinal cord during the late first and second trimester

Although the presence of radial glia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia has been reported in the human foetal spinal cord by ten gestational weeks, neuroanatomic studies employing molecular probes that describe the interrelated development of these cells from the late first trimester through the late second trimester are few. In this study, immunocytochemical methods using antibodies to vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein were used to identify radial glia and/or astrocytes. An antibody to myelin basic protein was used for oligodendrocytes and myelin; and, an antibody to phosphorylated high and medium molecular weight neurofilaments identified axons. Lectin histochemistry usingRicinus communis agglutinin-I was employed to identify microglia. Vibratome sections from 35 human foetal spinal cord ranging in age from 9–20 gestation weeks were studied. By 12 gestational weeks, vimentin-positive radial glia were present at all three levels of the spinal cord. Their processes were easily identified in the dorsal two-thirds of cord sections, and reaction product for vimentin was more intense at cervical and thoracic levels than lumbosacral sections. By 15 gestational weeks, vimentin-positive processes were radially arranged in the white matter. At this time, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes were more obvious in both the anterior and anterolateral funiculi than in the dorsal funiculus, and the same rostral to caudal gradient was seen for glial fibrillary acidic protein as it was for vimentin. Myelin basic protein expression followed similar temporal and spatial patterns.Ricinus communis agglutinin-I labelling revealed more microglia in the white matter than in grey matter throughout the spinal cord from 10–20 gestational weeks. By 20 gestational weeks, the gradients of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin expression were more difficult to discern. White matter contained more microglia than grey matter. These results suggest that astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes follow anterior-to-posterior and rostral-to-caudal developmental patterns in the human foetus during middle trimester development.
D-completions and the d-topology

Abstract In this article we give a general categorical construction via reflection functors for various completions of T 0 -spaces subordinate to sobrification, with a particular emphasis on what we call the D -completion, a type of directed completion introduced by Wyler [O. Wyler, Dedekind complete posets and Scott topologies, in: B. Banaschewski, R.-E. Hoffmann (Eds.), Continuous Lattices Proceedings, Bremen 1979, in: Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 871, Springer Verlag, 1981, pp. 384–389]. A key result is that all completions of a certain type are universal, hence unique (up to homeomorphism). We give a direct definition of the D -completion and develop its theory by introducing a variant of the Scott topology, which we call the d -topology. For partially ordered sets the D -completion turns out to be a natural dcpo-completion that generalizes the rounded ideal completion. In the latter part of the paper we consider settings in which the D -completion agrees with the sobrification respectively the closed ideal completion.
Long-term object tracking for parked vehicle detection

we develop a robust approach to detect parked vehicles in real time. Our approach particularly focuses on tracking vehicles in long term under challenging conditions such as lighting changes and occlusions. Vehicle tracking is performed by template matching based on fast-computed corner points. The template model is made self-adaptive over time to accommodate lighting changes. We also present an effective way to manage and track multiple vehicles when they are parked close together and occlude one another. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the challenging i-LIDs data set and another large one collected from real-world scenarios.
Experimental evidence for vortex-glass superconductivity in Y-Ba-Cu-O.

We demonstrate experimentally the existence of a continuous phase transition between a normal and a true superconducting phase (with zero linear resistivity) in epitaxial films of Y-Ba-Cu-O in strong magnetic fields fields, {ital H}{much gt}{ital H}{sub {ital c}1}. The nonlinear {ital I}-{ital V} curves show scaling behavior near the transition and the relevant critical exponents are extracted. These exponents are consistent with values expected for freezing into a superconducting vortex-glass phase.
Origins of Nationality in South Asia: Patriotism and Ethical Government in the Making of Modern India

This book considers the ideological and institutional antecedents of mature Indian nationalism. It argues that patriotism is a useful concept with which to understand India in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It includes essays on swadeshi , Indian resistance, and `communalism'. This book is intended for historians, advanced students of Indian history and politics. Those interested in 'theories of nationalism'.
Drug evaluation in muscular dystrophy of the chicken.

A high-capacity, step-wise system for drug evaluation in chickens with inherited muscular dystrophy has been developed. This report details the protocol and presents the first results from a rapid evaluation of the ameliorative effects of drugs on the impaired righting ability of dystrophic chicks. Of 31 compounds evaluated, only methysergide and corticosterone significantly increased righting ability.
Cluster partitioning approaches to mapping parallel programs onto a hypercube

Abstract The task-to-processor mapping problem is addressed in the context of a local-memory multicomputer with a hypercube interconnection topology. Two heuristic cluster-based mapping strategies are compared: a nearest-neighbor approach and a recursive-clustering scheme. The nearest-neighbor strategy is shown to be more effective on hypercube systems with high communication start-up costs, especially for finite element graphs; the recursive partitioning heuristic is generally better on hypercubes with lower communication start-up costs and is more effective on random task graphs.
Distinctive signatures for quantum chromodynamics in nuclear physics

For individual helicity amplitudes, asymptotic QCD gives results which differ from standard nuclear physics. For the deuteron electromagnetic form factors, QCD predicts ${G}_{C}=(\frac{{Q}^{2}}{6{M}_{d}^{2}}){G}_{Q}$ at high ${Q}^{2}$. This gives a result for the polarization ratio $\frac{{p}_{x}}{{p}_{\mathrm{xz}}}$ which is dramatically different from predictions of several standard deuteron wave functions. Polarization-transfer measurements of the deuteron form factor in this ${Q}^{2}$ region are therefore a sensitive test of the validity of perturbative QCD for exclusive processes at these momentum transfers.
The evaporation signal from α particles stopped in superfluid helium

Alpha particles stopped in a 3 liter volume of liquid helium at 30 mK are observed by the calorimetric detection of helium atoms evaporated from the free surface of the liquid. Quantum evaporation of the helium is produced by the rotons that are created by the α particle. While the energy spectrum of the 5.5 MeV α's from the241Am source has a width of less than 0.5%, the energy distribution of the observed evaporation signals extends from the low energy threshold of several keV up to a maximum of several 100 keV, depending on geometrical factors and the collection area of the calorimeter. The origin of the observed distribution may result in part from the presence of the substrate and a dependence on the direction of the track of the α particle. A simple model of the generation of rotons by the α particle will be discussed.
Some theoretical considerations relating to the meaning and measurement of chloroplast reducing potential

The meaning of “chloroplast reducing potential” is examined in order to find out whether determinations of it might not allow one to circumscribe possible mechanisms of photosynthesis. One can define a physical situation where a measure of “chloroplast reducing potential” could allow one to draw an important conclusion about the mechanism of photosynthesis. However, in order to achieve this, it is necessary to make very severe assumptions and to suppose that some very serious experimental difficulties can be overcome.