cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex-ratio control in a parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. II: Experimental analysis of an optimal sex-ratio model

An optimal theory of facultative sex-ratio adjustment (Werren, 1980) was tested using the data from a series of sequential oviposition experiments (Orzack and Parker, 1986). Sex ratios produced by several genotypes in previously parasitized hosts differ significantly from the theoretical prediction. In addition, there is more variance of these "second" sex ratios than would be generated purely by sampling. I outline an alternative model of sex-ratio determination, based upon an imperfect ability of second females to detect previous parasitization, which accounts for the trends observed in the data. These results imply that selection on second sex ratios is weak or that females cannot control sex ratios finely enough to manifest the proper response. This analysis along with other results (Orzack and Parker, 1986; Parker and Orzack, 1985; Grant et al., 1974; Werren et al., 1981; Skinner, 1982) suggests that we need a more comprehensive theory of sex-ratio evolution, one which accounts for the diversity of first and second sex ratio phenotypes in this species.
Nanorod Assemblies in Polymer Films and Their Dispersion-Dependent Optical Properties

Optical absorption due to surface plasmon resonances in ensembles of gold nanorods (Au NRs) depends strongly on the nanorod separation and orientation. Here, we study the dispersion of polystyrene-functionalized Au NRs in polystyrene (PS) thin films using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and find that Au NRs are dispersed for brush chain lengths that exceed the PS matrix chain length and are aggregated otherwise. Monte Carlo simulations using parameters from classical density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that this behavior is due to substantial depletion–attraction forces for brush chain lengths that are much smaller than the PS matrix chain length. Both UV–vis measurements and discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculations confirm that optical absorption is a facile method to determine nanorod morphology in nanocomposite films (i.e., aggregation or dispersion). Futhermore, a dispersion map is constructed showing the conditions required for nan...
Activation of AKT negatively regulates the pro-apoptotic function of death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) in prostate cancer

The activation of AKT governs many signaling pathways and promotes cell growth and inhibits apoptosis in human malignancies including prostate cancer (CaP). Here, we investigated the molecular association between AKT activation and the function of death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) in CaP. An inverse correlation of pAKT and DAPK3 expression was seen in a panel of CaP cell lines. Inhibition of AKT by wortmannin/LY294002 or overexpression of DAPK3 reverts the proliferative function of AKT in CaP cells. On the other hand, ectopic expression of AKT inhibited DAPK3 function and induced proliferation of CaP cells. In addition, AKT over-expressed tumors exhibit aggressive growth when compared to control vector in xenograft models. The immunohistochemistry results revealed a down-regulation of DAPK3 expression in AKT over-expressed tumors as compared to control tumors. Finally, we examined the expression pattern of AKT and DAPK3 in human CaP specimens – the expected gradual increase and nuclear localization of pAKT was seen in higher Gleason score samples versus benign hyperplasia (BPH). On the contrary, reduced expression of DAPK3 was seen in higher Gleason stages versus BPH. This suggests that inhibition of DAPK3 may be a contributing factor to the carcinogenesis of the prostate. Understanding the mechanism by which AKT negatively regulates DAPK3 function may suggest whether DAPK3 can be a therapeutic target for CaP.
Research of cell adhesion molecules interaction network model

Visualization and analyse the network which contains 156 molecules and 690 interactions by Cytoscape and through the network analysis software,we got that the average network connections between nodes is not complicated,the network is an indivisible whole one,is more stable,and the transmission of information is quickly and so on.Network analyser,respectively,which enable us to recognize this network in depth and get more information about this network than those raw data.
Functional Selectivity of CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands at a Canonical and Noncanonical Pathway.

The CB2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2) remains a tantalizing, but unrealized therapeutic target. CB2 receptor ligands belong to varied structural classes and display extreme functional selectivity. Here, we have screened diverse CB2 receptor ligands at canonical (inhibition of adenylyl cyclase) and noncanonical (arrestin recruitment) pathways. The nonclassic cannabinoid (−)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol (CP55940) was the most potent agonist for both pathways, while the classic cannabinoid ligand (6aR,10aR)-3-(1,1-Dimethylbutyl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran JWH133) was the most efficacious agonist among all the ligands profiled in cyclase assays. In the cyclase assay, other classic cannabinoids showed little [(−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and (−)-(6aR,7,10,10aR)-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol] (KM233) to no efficacy [(6aR,10aR)-1-methoxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromene(L759633) and (6aR,10aR)-3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1-methoxy-6,6-dimethyl-9-methylene-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran]L759656. Most aminoalkylindoles, including [(3R)-​2,​3-​dihydro-​5-​methyl-​3-​(4-​morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,​2,​3-​de]-​1,​4-​benzoxazin-​6-​yl]-​1-​naphthalenyl-​methanone,​ monomethanesulfonate (WIN55212-2), were moderate efficacy agonists. The cannabilactone 3-(1,1-dimethyl-heptyl)-1-hydroxy-9-methoxy-benzo(c)chromen-6-one (AM1710) was equiefficacious to CP55940 to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, albeit with lower potency. In the arrestin recruitment assays, all classic cannabinoid ligands failed to recruit arrestins, indicating a bias toward G-protein coupling for this class of compound. All aminoalkylindoles tested, except for WIN55212-2 and (1-​pentyl-​1H-​indol-​3-​yl)(2,​2,​3,​3-​tetramethylcyclopropyl)-​methanone (UR144), failed to recruit arrestin. WIN55212-2 was a low efficacy agonist for arrestin recruitment, while UR144 was arrestin biased with no significant inhibition of cyclase. Endocannabinoids were G-protein biased with no arrestin recruitment. The diarylpyrazole antagonist 5-​(4-​chloro-​3-​methylphenyl)-​1-​[(4-​methylphenyl)methyl]-​N-​[(1S,​2S,​4R)-​1,​3,​3-​trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-​2-​yl]-​1H-​pyrazole-​3-​carboxamide (SR144258) was an inverse agonist in cyclase and arrestin recruitment assays while the aminoalkylindole 6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (AM630) and carboxamide N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1,2-dihydro-7-methoxy-2-oxo-8-(pentyloxy)-3-quinolinecarboxamide (JTE907) were inverse agonists in cyclase but low efficacy agonists in arrestin recruitment assays. Thus, CB2 receptor ligands display strong and varied functional selectivity at both pathways. Therefore, extreme care must be exercised when using these compounds to infer the role of CB2 receptors in vivo.
Adverse Effects of Antihypertensive Therapy

Little information is available on drug effects encountered by elderly persons needing long-term treatment of their hypertension. Information on thiazides and beta-blockers suggests that these drugs have a fairly good safety profile. Individualizing drug choices and employing close laboratory and clinical follow-up should reduce the occurrence of side effects.
Large Iliac Artery Aneurysm Masquerading as Prostate Cancer

AbstractVascular aneurysms can present with signs and symptoms of urological disease. We report on a 74-year-old man who underwent urological referral because of an abnormal prostate on rectal examination. Diagnostic evaluation revealed large, abdominal aortic and iliac artery aneurysms with prostate and bladder displacement.
Long-Term Depressive Symptoms and Acculturative Stress Issues Among Immigrants From the Former Soviet Union:

BACKGROUND: Previous studies regarding depressive symptoms and acculturative stress among immigrants have been limited to the initial period after immigration. OBJECTIVE: The relationships between ...
Obtaining and Judging the Molecular Model

This chapter discusses the three final stages of structure determination: obtaining and improving the electron-density map that is based on the first phase estimates; interpreting the map to produce an atomic model of the unit–cell contents; and refining the model to optimize its agreement with the original reflection intensities. The criteria by which the crystallographer judges the progress of the work overlap with criteria for assessing the quality of the final model. The chapter also reviews many of the concepts by guiding the reader through the experimental descriptions from the description of a structure determination as published in a scientific journal. It also mentions the decisions inherent in structure refinement. The chapter outlines an overview of iterative improvement of maps and models: the first maps—resources, display, examination, and improvement; how the model becomes molecular; structural refinement; convergence to a final model; sharing the model.
Microcirculatory mass transfer.

The dynamics of Krogh tissue cylinders and related structures are critically reviewed to determine the roles of underlying transport and reaction processes, and the interactions between them. Emphasis is put on the gaining of insight through efficient scaling procedures, and discussion is organized about the time constants characteristic of these structures and the processes occurring in them.
Humanoid trajectory generation: an iterative approach based on movement and angular momentum criteria

Recently, data from human walking suggest that angular momentum at the center of mass (CM) is highly regulated throughout the gait cycles. In this paper, we propose a humanoid robot trajectory generation that minimizes angular momentum at CM while maintaining balance based on the moment criterion. This moment criterion is equivalent to the zero moment point (ZMP) stability criterion. Because of the extensive computational requirement of the problem, we first utilize spline interpolation of the desired movement snapshots to generate an initial humanoid robot trajectory, and then an iterative adaptation of the humanoid robot trajectory to maintain angular momentum within the desired boundary subject to the ZMP balance constraint is investigated and derived. Numerical simulation was conducted to verify the validity of the proposed trajectory generation method.
Design considerations of an isolated GaN bidirectional dc-dc converter

This paper investigates three design considerations of a novel bidirectional dc-dc converter for distributed energy storage device. They are the layout for minimum loop inductance and heat dissipation, gate drive power supply for high side Gallium-Nitride (GaN) device and high resolution digital PWM control methodology. The special package of the available GaN devices requires a PCB layout method that takes into account the thermal design as well as the switching loop inductance. Besides, the high dv/dt will introduce a circulating current in the high-side gate drivers and power supplies. This current should be minimized. Furthermore, conventional digital PWM modules is not precise enough for high frequency (usually >50kHz) converter modulation and will cause limited cycle oscillation. A high resolution digital phase-shift modulation scheme is utilized to improve the resolution of the phase-shift control for the 150 kHz converter. In the end, an optimized engineering design method is proposed. The experimental results are analyzed on a 1kW bidirectional dc-dc converter to verify the concepts.
African Judaizing movements and the question of polygamy: Perspectives from Cameroon

ABSTRACTThis article examines the theological, cultural, and socio-historical underpinnings of the custom of polygamy as it is practiced among so-called “Judaizing” movements in rural Cameroon. As a case study of one of the rarely discussed ideological points of contention between such Sub-Saharan African communities and the Global Northern Jewish communities that sponsor, support, or encourage them, this essay analyzes how neo-Jewish perspectives surrounding the practice of polygamy can help to illustrate the myriad ways in which normative, modern-day Jewish practices are sometimes inherently contradictory to accepted notions of propriety held by members of emerging Jewish communities from the Global South.
The Benefits of Not Seeing Eye to Eye with Leadership: Divergence in Risk Preferences Impacts Multiteam System Behavior and Performance

Multiteam systems are large structures of interdependent teams that coordinate via planning before embarking on important projects. Although rarely studied, theory suggests that expression of convergent versus divergent goals and preferences during planning by leadership and component teams matters for multiteam system performance. Addressing this important issue, in a sample of multiteam systems consisting of Air Force officers, we examine how convergent versus divergent preferences for risk expressed during planning by the leadership and component teams impact multiteam system behavior and performance during the performance episode. Drawing from literatures on multiteam systems, diversity, and risk we posit and show that divergent (vs. convergent) preferences for risk have positive implications for multiteam system behavior and performance. Specifically, when the leadership and component teams hold divergent risk preferences, multiteam systems engage in more aspirational behavior and perform better. Alt...
Detection of Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase Antigen in Buffer Using Aptamer-Modified Magnetic Microparticles for Capture, Oligonucleotide-Modified Quantum Dots for Detection, and Oligonucleotide-Modified Gold Nanoparticles for Signal Amplification.

To overcome the limitations associated with antibody-based sensors, we describe a proof-of-concept of an aptamer-based sandwich assay for detection of lactate dehydrogenase, an antigen associated with malaria. We show a detection limit of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase and Plasmodium vivax lactate dehydrogenase of 0.5 fmole in buffer, comparable to an antibody-based assay, using a magnetic particle–aptamer construct for capture and a quantum dot–aptamer construct for detection. We then demonstrate a detection limit of 10 amole (50-fold amplification) using oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticles to allow the conjugation of multiple quantum dots for each target antigen.
Thoracic Paravertebral Mass as an Infrequent Manifestation of IgG4-Related Disease

Case. A 50-year-old African American male presented with abdominal pain and significant weight loss. On physical examination, he had parotid and submandibular gland enlargement associated with right eye proptosis. Computed tomography showed a thoracic paravertebral soft tissue mass, enlarged lymph nodes, and ascending aortic aneurysm. Laboratory results were remarkable for elevated total IgG and IgG4 subclass. The submandibular gland pathology revealed chronic sclerosing sialadenitis, with a large subset of inflammatory cells positively staining for IgG4. The histology of the paravertebral mass demonstrated fibrosclerosis with increased lymphocytic infiltrate, associated with increased IgG4 plasma cells. He was diagnosed with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Steroid therapy initially yielded improvement; however, after steroids were stopped, there was disease recurrence. Prednisone was restarted, and the plan was to start him on rituximab. Interestingly, the patient’s brother also had IgG4-RD. Conclusion. IgG4-RD can present as a paravertebral mass which is usually responsive to steroids; however, recurrent and resistant disease can be seen for which steroid-sparing agents such as rituximab should be considered. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of IgG4-RD in two family members presenting as a paravertebral mass, highlighting an exciting area for more research in the future.
A Network Management Framework for Emerging Telecommunications Networks

Current Network Management (NM) procedures are concerned primarily with monitoring aspects. The architectures are centralized and based on static managed objects. They do not provide real-time control capabilities. Within this framework, effective network management depends on the coordination of monitoring operations across various Element Management Systems. The coordination is handled for the most part, by engineers/operators through manual procedures at designated Network Operations Center (NOC). The Subject Matter Experts at the NOC also use intuition and heuristic data to occasionally fine-tune the network parameters in order to maintain the advertised service-level objectives and control the traffic flow.
Postnatal Growth of Preterm and Full-Term Infants

The characteristic of growth in infancy is its high velocity. It can be assessed properly only by repeated measurements at regular intervals in longitudinal studies. In this paper stress is laid on the growth in head circumference because of its close correlation with brain development during the first 2 years of life and because of its small variability among different ethnic groups or geographic regions (Nellhaus, 1975). In addition to general growth patterns, catch-up growth in the head circumference of small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants will be discussed.
Negative Reinforcement Mechanisms in Addiction

Abstract Substance use disorder or drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder that consists of compulsive drug taking and seeking that progress through several stages: binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. These three stages emerge from diverse neurobiological mechanisms that are differentially involved in the transition from recreational and impulsive drug use to pathological and compulsive drug use. This transition involves motivational mechanisms that progress from positive reinforcement to negative reinforcement. This review highlights key neurobiological mechanisms that are responsible for the emergence of negative reinforcement in the transition to drug addiction, including downregulation of the brain reward systems and upregulation of the brain stress systems. Characterization of the neurobiological mechanisms of negative reinforcement in drug addiction is a key to understanding the causes of addiction and development of personalized medicine.
It is all about subjective norms: understanding undergraduate involvement in extracurricular organisations related to sustainability

This study used a large sample (n = 1,940) of university undergraduates to understand if students who are active members of a student organisation with a focus on environmental sustainability had a higher level of environmental concern and knowledge, as well as a higher likelihood to engage in environmentally conscious behaviours, than students who are not. Additionally, this study used the theory of planned behaviour to understand the factors that predict future intention to participate in a student organisation with a focus on environmental sustainability. Students who were active members of environmental sustainability focused organisations tended to be more knowledgeable about the environment, have more concern for the environment, and were more likely to engage in environmentally conscious behaviours compared to students who were not members of these organisations. Subjective norms were the strongest predictor of future intentions to participate in a student sustainability organisation.
Cooperative Self-Assembly of Helical Exciton-Coupled Biosurfactant-Functionalized Porphyrin Chromophores

Biobased, self-organizing molecules are of considerable interest as functional materials due to their structural versatility, sophisticated nanoarchitectures, and sustainable biosynthesis. Here, we...
Understanding Puberty and Its Measurement: Ideas for Research in a New Generation

The measurement of puberty is an intricate and precise task, requiring a match between participants' developmental age and appropriate techniques to identify and capture variations in maturation. Much of the foundational work on puberty and its psychosocial correlates was conducted several decades ago. In this article, we review the biological foundation of puberty; the operationalization of puberty in statistical analyses; and strategies for considering diversity and social context in research to help researchers align measurement with meaningful conceptual questions. These three areas are particularly important, given new statistical techniques, greater awareness of individual variations in development, and key differences between past cohorts and youth coming of age today.
Learning with others' mistakes: what the history of american political science has to tell us

This article aims to show that the analysis of the history of American Political Science can help us think critically Social Sciences in Brazil. The dominating historyographic version, represented by John Gunnell and others, ignores the ideological and antidemocratic role that behaviorist Political Science assumed during the Cold War, while more critical historical approaches are kept on the margins of the discipline. This situation mirrors the institutional arrangement of Political Science itself, which promotes the isolation of the sub area of political theory from other more "scientific" sub areas.
Novel risk stratification criteria of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients (pts) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

e16068Background: IMDC risk criteria is the gold standard for predicting outcomes for mRCC pts. We developed novel risk groups for mRCC pts treated with ICI. Methods: We performed a retrospective r...
Solution-Phase Synthesis of Novel Linear Oxyamine Combinatorial Libraries with Antibacterial Activity

Use of solution phase combinatorial library synthesis led to the discovery of several oxyamine-containing antibacterial compounds. Solution-phase simultaneous addition of meta-substituted benzyl bromides and “fix-last” combinatorial strategies were used to prepare libraries. Additional structure−activity relationship studies were conducted by reductive cleavage of the oxyamine moiety and led to loss of antibacterial activity. Several single compounds were designed and synthesized on the basis of library screening results and were shown to have antibacterial activity.
Evaluating the Knowledge of COPD Patients About Pneumonia Signs and Symptoms

Background: Section 3025 of the Affordable Care Act added section 1886 (q) to the Social Security Act establishing the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, which requires Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to reduce payments to hospitals with excess readmissions in six diagnoses. COPD and pneumonia are two of the affected cohorts. Patients with COPD often develop pneumonia and they may require hospitalization if not recognized and treated early in a sub-acute or home care setting. The goal of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of COPD patients on the signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Methods: Institutional IRB approvals were obtained. A patient interview form was developed to collect patient data and verbal responses. From review of literatures, seven common signs and symptoms of pneumonia were included in the interview form: (1) cough, (2) mucus production, (3) fever, (4) shortness of breath, (5) chest pain, (6) fatigue, and (7) nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (N/V/D). Patients admitted to a private hospital in South Alabama with a diagnosis of COPD were asked "Do you know the signs and symptoms of a lung infection or pneumonia?" Responses to this and other questions were recorded on the interview form. Data analysis was done by using the frequency count method. Results: The results are summarized in the Figure where N represents the total number of patients (12 M and 12 F). The signs and symptoms of pneumonia correctly named by these patients are as follows: Shortness of breath - 9 patients (38%) ; Cough / Mucus production - 7 patients (29%) ; Fatigue - 4 patients (17%) ; Fever / Chest pain - 3 patients (13%) ; N/V/D - 1 patient (4%). Conclusions: With a total of 24 patients with COPD, only 10 patients (42%) could name at least one of the common signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Fourteen patients (58%) could not name any common signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Patient education on the recognition of signs and symptoms of pneumonia should be emphasized in the hospital, sub-acute and home care settings. Early recognition and prompt treatment of pneumonia in an out-patient setting may reduce the needs and frequency of hospital admissions. A small sample size from a local private hospital is a limitation of this study.
Major depressive disorder and insomnia: Exploring a hypothesis of a common neurological basis using waking and sleep-derived heart rate variability.

Abstract It remains unclear whether neurobiological dysfunction observed in major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia is an expression of common or independent bases. The present investigation sought to explore differences in heart rate variability (HRV)—a widely utilized biomarker of neurobiological functioning—among individuals with MDD, insomnia, and healthy controls, while awake and during distinct sleep stages (REM, N2), with the goal of improving our understanding of shared neurobiological factors in depression and insomnia. Participants were 73 adults who underwent home polysomnography. All N2 and REM sleep epochs with a duration greater than or equal to 5 min were identified for HRV analysis. Additionally, a single waking epoch was defined for each participant. From waking to N2 sleep, and waking to REM sleep, changes in HRV indices indicated participants experienced reductions in sympathetic arousal and increases in parasympathetic arousal. Contrary to hypotheses, however, no between group differences were observed in HRV. Though the present findings do not support the hypotheses of a shard neurobiological pathway between MDD and insomnia, more work is warranted to advance our understanding of the neurobiological bases of these common, debilitating, and frequently co-occurring psychiatric conditions, to improve early detection and identify novel intervention targets for these disorders.
Obesity and the Abdominal Wall Vasculature: Correlating BMI with Perforator Anatomy

Background Given the national trends in obesity, reconstructive surgeons are faced with an increasing number of overweight and obese women interested in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. While the link between obesity and adverse postoperative outcomes is well established, few studies have explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the vasculature of the anterior abdominal wall. Methods A radiographic review was conducted on female patients who underwent computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of the anterior abdominal wall. CTA studies were evaluated for perforator caliber and quantity. Patients were stratified by BMI. The relationship between BMI and the diameter and number of deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) perforators was analyzed using analysis of variance using Minitab software with α of 0.05. Results There were a total of 916 hemiabdomens included in this study. There was no statistically significant correlation between BMI and DIEA diameter or mean diameter of major (≥ 1 mm) DIEA perforators. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BMI and the number of major DIEA perforators (p Conclusion Despite the increased demands of excess abdominal adiposity, DIEA perforator caliber was not correlated with BMI on CTA. The number of major DIEA perforators visualized on CTA decreased with increasing body weight may indicate a limitation of CTA for presurgical planning of abdominal free flaps in obese patients.
Impact of autologous stem cell transplant utilization in a vulnerable multiple myeloma population.

e20556Background: Despite improvements in the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, disparities in outcomes persist in underserved populations, in part due to variable access to treatments in...
How University Leaders Shape Boundaries and Behaviors: An Empirical Examination of Trustee Involvement at Elite US Research Universities

Despite the importance of trustees as leaders in US higher education institutions, our knowledge and understanding of their behavior is limited. This is increasingly problematic as trustees engage more directly with institutions as institutional boundaries have become more porous. We utilize social network analysis and document analysis of exchanges to explore trustees’ involvement in a qualitative comparative case study of four elite US research universities. We draw on the microfoundations tradition of neo-institutional theory to frame and evaluate how the actions of these individuals reproduce, expand and reorganize these institutions and their boundaries. Results show that these leaders are heavily involved with the universities they govern, but in widely varied ways and to different degrees. We inductively derive two forms of trusteeship — traditional trusteeship (e.g., governance) and expanded trusteeship (e.g., capacity building and collaborative partnerships) — that occur unevenly across our four institutions. These findings demonstrate that the nature of trusteeship at US research universities varies across institutions in profound ways that have substantial consequences for their boundaries, behaviors, and governance as well as the organizational stratification in the field of US higher education.
Swimming: What the Sports Cardiologist Should Know

To inform the reader on the current knowledge of the cardiovascular effects of swimming and review the characteristics and treatments of unique cardiac conditions affecting the swimmer including swimming-induced pulmonary edema, long QT syndrome, troponin elevation, and sudden cardiac arrest/death. New research has characterized swimming-induced cardiac remodeling as eccentric remodeling notable for greater left ventricular chamber dilation relative to wall thickening suggesting that swimming primarily challenges the heart with a volume load. Additionally, recent data from triathlons have shown that most sudden deaths occur during the swim segment of the race; however, our understanding of the cause of death remains incomplete. Cardiovascular management of the competitive swimmer is currently based on experience and anecdotal evidence. Future studies are needed to help improve our understanding of the physiologic remodeling in response to swimming and to better understand the risks and treatment of cardiovascular diseases that are uniquely encountered by swimmers.
An Analysis of Internet Searches Performed on a Hospital System Homepage to Assess Search Patterns and Traffic Generated by Radiology-specific Terms

Abstract Objective To understand the utilization of the search engine within our hospital system's homepage, stratifying the searches into physician specialty, procedures or therapies, patient conditions, and logistical queries, with a specific focus on radiology-specific terms as a baseline to guide future interventions. Methods The top 1000 most searched terms entered into the medical system's homepage between January 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018 were collected. Related or similar terms were combined for analysis. Results During the study period, there were 121,071 unique searches on the center's website, and the top 1000 most searched terms combined for 65,011 searches. The most searched category was logistical queries (n = 29,667), followed by searches for conditions (n = 14,033), specialties (n = 3083), and procedures or therapies (n = 2252). Within the top 1000 most searched terms, radiology-specific searches accounted for 96 searches. These terms were all mammography-related. Conclusion Radiology as a specialty and radiology-specific terms were not frequently searched for by patients when compared with other specialties. Mammography-related terms were the only radiologic subspecialty items within the top 1000 search terms. Overall, patients searched more for conditions than they did for specialties or therapies. These findings could be a representation of the general public's lack of awareness regarding the specialty.
Nightly sleep-wake concordance and daily marital interactions

Abstract Objective We and others have found that couples’ sleep is a shared and dyadic process. Couples’ sleep-wake concordance (whether couples are awake or asleep at the same time) is associated with couples’ relationship factors; however, we know little of the temporal associations between concordance and daily relationship characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine daily positive and negative interpersonal interactions to determine how they predict, and are predicted by, nightly sleep-wake concordance. Method Participants were 48 heterosexual couples between 18 and 45 years of age who shared a bed with their spouse. Couples completed questionnaires and daily assessments of positive and negative interactions. Each member of the dyad wore wrist actigraphs for 10 days. Sleep-wake concordance was calculated as the percentage of time couples were awake or asleep throughout the night at one-minute intervals. Multilevel modeling with lagged effects determined bidirectional and lagged associations between concordance and couples’ daily interactions. Results Couples had more negative interactions than their usual following nights with higher concordance than their usual (but not vice versa) and this was more pronounced for well-adjusted couples. In contrast, across all couples, more positive interactions and perceived warmth and support from partners were associated with higher concordance. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the valence of sleep-wake concordance depends on relationship quality characteristics (eg, marital adjustment). Future research on relationships, sleep, and health should consider couples’ shared sleep behaviors as one mechanism by which relationships are associated with long-term health outcomes.
Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD

We present measurements of dust reddening using the colors of stars with spectra in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We measure reddening as the difference between the measured and predicted colors of a star, as derived from stellar parameters from the SEGUE Stellar Parameter Pipeline (Lee et al. 2008a). We achieve uncertainties of 56, 34, 25, and 29 mmag in the colors u-g, g-r, r-i, and i-z, per star, though the uncertainty varies depending on the stellar type and the magnitude of the star. The spectrum-based reddening measurements confirm our earlier "blue tip" reddening measurements (Schlafly et al. 2010, S10), finding reddening coefficients different by -3%, 1%, 1%, and 2% in u-g, g-r, r-i, and i-z from those found by the blue tip method, after removing a 4% normalization difference. These results prefer an R_V=3.1 Fitzpatrick (1999) reddening law to O'Donnell (1994) or Cardelli et al. (1989) reddening laws. We provide a table of conversion coefficients from the Schlegel et al. (1998) maps of E(B-V) to extinction in 88 bandpasses for 4 values of R_V, using this reddening law and the 14% recalibration of SFD first reported by S10 and confirmed in this work.
Technology in Practice: Keeping an Eye on Lawyers' Ethical Obligations

This article appeared in the Practicing Law Institute Securities Arbitration 2018 Program's written materials. The use of technology in the legal profession is ubiquitous, expanding and ever changing. Lawyers connect with their clients, co-workers and others through email. Cloud computing has allowed lawyers to create virtual and mobile workspaces, providing them with accessibility to client files and resources anywhere in the world. Social media allows lawyers to showcase their expertise and build their practice. Technology has undoubtedly impacted how lawyers provide legal services to their clients. However, as lawyers, we remain subject to long-standing professional and ethical obligations that govern our practice. This article will explore how commonly used technology in legal practice implicates these ethical obligations, in particular, the duties of competence and confidentiality, and provides best suggested best practices to navigate these challenges.
Toward molecular models of proton pumping: Challenges, methods and relevant applications

Motivated by several long-lasting mechanistic questions for biomolecular proton pumps, we have engaged in developing hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods that allow an efficient and reliable description of long-range proton transport in transmembrane proteins. In this review, we briefly discuss several relevant issues: the need to develop a “multi-scale” generalized solvent boundary potential (GSBP) for the analysis of chemical events in large trans-membrane proteins, approaches to validate such a protocol, and the importance of improving the flexibility of QM/MM Hamiltonian. Several recent studies of model and realistic protein systems are also discussed to help put the discussions into context. Collectively, these studies suggest that the QM/MM-GSBP framework based on an approximate density functional theory (SCC-DFTB) as QM holds the promise to strike the proper balance between computational efficiency, accuracy and generality. With additional improvements in the methodology and recent developments by others, especially powerful sampling techniques, this “multi-scale” framework will be able to help unlock the secrets of proton pumps and other biomolecular machines.
Understanding Player Retention Strategies in Animal Crossing: New Horizons

In this paper, we present an exploration of player retention strategies found in Animal Crossing: New Horizons. In particular, this paper seeks to understand the effect that non-playable characters (NPCs), which are often integral to the single-player experience, have on player retention. A qualitative study was executed to understand how and why Animal Crossing has had sustained success over a year after it launched. More specifically, data was collected via a survey focusing on gameplay features and player experience, including the interactions with the NPCs known as villagers in the game. This data was fit into a regression model, and it was concluded that while the villagers do play an important role in the retention of players, it is not the most significant gameplay factor; other factors such as frequent content updates and adding new items to collect also influenced retention. These preliminary results help us to better understand the retention strategies at play in a popular game, thereby providing lessons for future single player games to develop better retention strategies.
Crystallographic Analyses of Hyperthermophilic Proteins

Following the first structure determination in 1992 of a protein from a hyperthermophilic organism, the rubredoxin from Pyrococcus furiosus, structures of hyperthermophilic proteins have appeared at an ever increasing rate, with more than 50 distinct structures having been submitted to the Protein Data Bank as of October 1999 (Table I). These structure determinations have been undertaken for many of the reasons discussed elsewhere in this volume-to understand the structural basis of thermostability; to more fully characterize proteins with unusual cofactors or active centers; for biotechnological purposes; as homologs of eukaryotic proteins, especially those involved in some aspect of macromolecular biosynthesis; and as part of structural genomics efforts, because they either do, or do not, look like some other proteins. As there is an expectation that hyperthermostable proteins should be more robust and potentially better suited for withstanding the solution conditions and time scales of crystallization experiments, these proteins have provided attractive targets for structural studies. The focus of this chapter is to review the status and some general implications of crystallographic studies on hyperthermophilic proteins, with emphasis on relevant technical aspects of the structure determination, quality of the crystals, and conclusions about thermal stability and other properties of these fascinating proteins.
Measuring quality in arthritis care: Methods for developing the Arthritis Foundation's quality indicator set

Objective To develop a comprehensive set of explicit process measures to assess the quality of health care for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and analgesics use. Methods Potential quality measures and a summary of existing data to support or refute the relationship between the processes of care proposed in the indicators and relevant clinical outcomes were developed through a comprehensive literature review. The proposed measures and literature summary were presented to a multidisciplinary panel of experts in arthritis and pain. Using a modification of the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, the panel rated each proposed measure for its validity as a measure of health care quality. Results Among 66 proposed indicators, the expert panel rated 51 as valid measures of health care including 14 for osteoarthritis, 27 for rheumatoid arthritis, and 10 for analgesics use. Conclusions Sufficient scientific evidence and expert consensus exist to support a comprehensive set of measures to assess the quality of heath care for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and analgesics use. These measures can be used to gain an understanding of the quality of care for patients with arthritis.
Construction and characterization of mutations in hupB, the gene encoding HU-beta (HU-1) in Escherichia coli K-12.

Abstract Plasmid pJMC21 contains Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA encoding Lon protease, HU-beta (HU-1), and an unidentified 67,000-dalton protein. A kanamycin resistance cassette was used in the construction of insertion and deletion mutations in hupB, the gene encoding HU-beta on plasmid pJMC21. The reconstructed plasmids were linearized and used to introduce hupB chromosomal mutations into JC7623 (recBC sbcBC). These mutations, as expected, mapped in the 9.8-min region of the E. coli chromosome by P1 transduction (16% linkage to proC+). Southern blot hybridization of chromosomal fragments verified that hupB+ was replaced by the mutant allele, with no indication of gene duplication. All the mutant strains had growth rates identical to that of wild-type E. coli, were resistant to UV irradiation and nitrofurantoin, and supported the in vivo transposition-replication of bacteriophage Mu, Mu lysogenization, Tn10 transposition from lambda 1098, and lambda replication-lysogenization. The only observable phenotypic variation was a reduced Mu plaque size on the hupB mutant strains; however, the yield of bacteriophage Mu in liquid lysates prepared from the mutant strains was indistinguishable from the yield for the wild type.
On the use of satellite‐based estimates of rainfall temporal distribution to simulate the potential for malaria transmission in rural Africa

[1] This paper describes the use of satellite-based estimates of rainfall to force the Hydrology, Entomology and Malaria Transmission Simulator (HYDREMATS), a hydrology-based mechanistic model of malaria transmission. We first examined the temporal resolution of rainfall input required by HYDREMATS. Simulations conducted over Banizoumbou village in Niger showed that for reasonably accurate simulation of mosquito populations, the model requires rainfall data with at least 1 h resolution. We then investigated whether HYDREMATS could be effectively forced by satellite-based estimates of rainfall instead of ground-based observations. The Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) precipitation estimates distributed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are available at a 30 min temporal resolution and 8 km spatial resolution. We compared mosquito populations simulated by HYDREMATS when the model is forced by adjusted CMORPH estimates and by ground observations. The results demonstrate that adjusted rainfall estimates from satellites can be used with a mechanistic model to accurately simulate the dynamics of mosquito populations.
Cutting Edge: Association with IκB Kinase β Regulates the Subcellular Localization of Homer3

The signaling and adaptor protein Homer3 plays a role in controlling immune homeostasis and self-reactivity. Homer3 is recruited to the immune synapse (IS) following TCR ligation, although the mechanisms regulating this subcellular localization are unknown. We show that Homer3 specifically associates with a novel ubiquitin-like domain in the IκB kinase (IKK) β subunit of the IKK complex. Homer3 associates with IKKβ in T cells and colocalizes with the IKK complex at the IS. However, Homer3 is not required for IKK activation, as NF-κB signaling is intact in Homer3-deficient T cells. Instead, the IKK complex recruits Homer3 to the IS following TCR engagement, and we present evidence that this association regulates actin dynamics in T cells. These findings identify a novel interaction between two major signaling proteins and reveal an unexpected NF-κB–independent function for the IKK complex in regulating the subcellular localization of Homer3.
Centrality measures to identify key stakeholders in Family Violence Councils

Abstract The Family Violence Councils (FVC) are collaborative settings that bring together various organizations involved in the systems response to family violence. Social network analysis (SNA) is a technique that allows one to assess the connections between members (e.g., agencies) within a particular bounded network ( Scott, 1991 ) and is well-suited to the study of councils. Centrality measures in SNA indicate which members in the network are central and prominent players in the setting, and therefore might be critical to engage in change efforts. The current study applied three centrality measures in five councils to identify consistent patterns regarding which organizations tend to be most central in the exchange of information among agencies responding to family violence. Further, the study examined whether and which type of centrality was related to the degree to which a given organization's policy and practices were influenced by council efforts. The study found domestic violence programs were significantly more likely to emerge as central in these settings. The study also found a relationship between an organization's centrality and perceived shifts in its policy and practices. However, only one type of centrality measure, namely closeness centrality, emerged as significantly predicting outcomes of interest when all three were examined simultaneously. The implications of these findings for research and practice will be discussed.
Structural transitions in ribonucleic acid during ribosome development.

Amino acid deprivation of a “relaxed” auxotroph of Escherichia coli results in the accumulation of protein-deficient, immature ribosomes (“relaxed particles”). The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of these particles was shown to differ from mature ribosomal RNA in both sedimentation characteristics and in elution from columns of methylated albumin-keiselguhr. When relaxed particles were allowed to become converted to mature ribosomes, the unique properties of the RNA were lost, and this RNA became indistinguishable from mature RNA. The conversion of relaxed particles to ribosomes did not involve degradation and resynthesis of RNA. It is concluded that ribosomal RNA undergoes a configurational transition during ribosome development, and that this transition is not the result of changes in the primary structure of the RNA.