cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Institutional actors in the Brazilian Amazon: Possibilities for NGO and public sector collaboration in rural agriculture

Public sector institutions in Amazonian Brazil are experiencing structural reforms, budget cuts, and overburdened missions. Services needed to support appropriate resource use practices by rural farmers are gradually being provided by NGOs where the public sector has failed to provide them. But local NGOs are institutionally weak, and their activities are poorly coordinated with other regional service providers. This article analyzes three models for NGO organization and partnership that were designed outside of the Amazon region, and tests their applicability to the small-farming sector in Para State in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. With some adaptation, these models can effectively help coordinate three overarching needs in the region: institutional strengthening, regional planning, and improving program effectiveness and efficiency.
Prognostic Value of Electrophysiological Markers in Alzheimer's Disease

The authors assessed the usefulness of event-related potentials (ERP) and flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP) as prognostic markers in a sample of 25 subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). ERP and FVEP recordings were obtained from 21 and 23 subjects, respectively. Ranking of the annual rate of change in cognitive scales vs. baseline ERP/FVEP latencies was compared, and those with longer FVEP N 2 component latencies showed slower subsequent rates of decline (τ=0.32; z=2.16; P=0.015), suggesting that further study of FVEP responses as prognostic markers in AD is warranted.
The role of neutrals in the H–L back transition of high density single-null and double-null gas-fueled discharges in DIII-D

Abstract The role of neutrals in triggering the H–L back transition in high density ELMing H-mode plasmas is explored in double-null (DN) and single-null (SN) divertors. We propose that the neutral particle buildup below the X-point may play an important role in triggering the H–L transition at high density.
Capacity bounds for MIMO shared relay channel with half-duplex constraint

We consider a shared relay channel (SRC) where a single relay assists the communications between multiple source-destination links under the half-duplex (HD) constraint. Specifically, we derive lower and upper bounds on the capacity of 2-user AWGN MIMO SRC with two source-destination pairs. Two different coding strategies are presented based on super-position coding and on dirty paper coding, respectively. We compare the performance of the proposed SRC coding schemes with that of a TDMA strategy where each source-destination pair communicates in alternative time slots with the assistance of the relay. The proposed coding schemes for SRC results in significant performance improvement over TDMA strategy in terms of both ergodic capacity and outage probability.
Development of stress reactivity in white-crowned sparrow nestlings: total corticosterone response increases with age, while free corticosterone response remains low.

Activation of the adrenocortical response to stress during development can have fundamental consequences over the lifetime of the organism; as such, many organisms are less responsive to stress during critical developmental periods. In this study, we evaluated stress reactivity in nestling white-crowned sparrows, examining corticosterone and binding globulin levels in response to both restraint stress and ACTH challenge. Restraint stress induced a significant corticosterone response in both 4 to 6- and 7 to 9-day-old nestlings, but not in the youngest group (1–3 days); this non-significant increase in corticosterone in the youngest birds resembles the mammalian hyporesponsive period, wherein young animals are resistant to most stressors. Binding globulin levels appear to extend this period of low reactivity: when free corticosterone levels were calculated, only the oldest age group (7–9 day) showed a significant response to restraint. ACTH challenge data revealed that all ages of white-crowned sparrow nestlings responded to exogenous ACTH treatment with significant elevation of corticosterone, although early-stage nestlings did not reach adult levels of response.
Academic Achievement Over 8 Years Among Children Who Met Modified Criteria for Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at 4–6 Years of Age

The predictive validity of symptom criteria for different subtypes of ADHD among children who were impaired in at least one setting in early childhood was examined. Academic achievement was assessed seven times over 8 years in 125 children who met symptom criteria for ADHD at 4–6 years of age and in 130 demographically-matched non-referred comparison children. When intelligence and other confounds were controlled, children who met modified criteria for the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD in wave 1 had lower reading, spelling, and mathematics scores over time than both comparison children and children who met modified criteria for the other subtypes of ADHD. In some analyses, children who met modified criteria for the combined type had somewhat lower mathematics scores than comparison children. The robust academic deficits relative to intelligence in the inattentive group in this age range suggest either that inattention results in academic underachievement or that some children in the inattentive group have learning disabilities that cause secondary symptoms of inattention. Unexpectedly, wave 1 internalizing (anxiety and depression) symptoms independently predicted deficits in academic achievement controlling ADHD, intelligence, and other predictors.
Chord-distribution functions of three-dimensional random media: approximate first-passage times of Gaussian processes.

The main result of this paper is a semianalytic approximation for the chord-distribution functions of three-dimensional models of microstructure derived from Gaussian random fields. In the simplest case the chord functions are equivalent to a standard first-passage time problem, i.e., the probability density governing the time taken by a Gaussian random process to first exceed a threshold. We obtain an approximation based on the assumption that successive chords are independent. The result is a generalization of the independent interval approximation recently used to determine the exponent of persistence time decay in coarsening. The approximation is easily extended to more general models based on the intersection and union sets of models generated from the isosurfaces of random fields. The chord-distribution functions play an important role in the characterization of random composite and porous materials. Our results are compared with experimental data obtained from a three-dimensional image of a porous Fontainebleau sandstone and a two-dimensional image of a tungsten-silver composite alloy.
Dendritic Cells Cross-Dressed with Peptide MHC Class I Complexes Prime CD8+ T Cells

The activation of naive CD8 + T cells has been attributed to two mechanisms: cross-priming and direct priming. Cross-priming and direct priming differ in the source of Ag and in the cell that presents the Ag to the responding CD8 + T cells. In cross-priming, exogenous Ag is acquired by professional APCs, such as dendritic cells (DC), which process the Ag into peptides that are subsequently presented. In direct priming, the APCs, which may or may not be DC, synthesize and process the Ag and present it themselves to CD8 + T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that naive CD8 + T cells are activated by a third mechanism, called cross-dressing. In cross-dressing, DC directly acquire MHC class I-peptide complexes from dead, but not live, donor cells by a cell contact-mediated mechanism, and present the intact complexes to naive CD8 + T cells. Such DC are cross-dressed because they are wearing peptide-MHC complexes generated by other cells. CD8 + T cells activated by cross-dressing are restricted to the MHC class I genotype of the donor cells and are specific for peptides generated by the donor cells. In vivo studies demonstrate that optimal priming of CD8 + T cells requires both cross-priming and cross-dressing. Thus, cross-dressing may be an important mechanism by which DC prime naive CD8 + T cells and may explain how CD8 + T cells are primed to Ags that are inefficiently cross-presented.
Youth, Gangs and Society: Micro- and Macrosociological Processes*

The late 1960s saw the emergence of a few “super gangs” whose political and economic activities attracted much attention. More recently, gangs apparently similar to those of the 1950s have become n...
Current distribution of a printed dipole with arbitrary length embedded in layered uniaxial anisotropic dielectrics

The current distribution of a printed dipole with arbitrary length embedded in several layers of anisotropic dielectrics is evaluated using the spectral domain immittance functions. In particular, the currents on a printed dipole on a single anisotropic layer and in three anisotropic layers are determined. A good comparison between the isotropic cases, commercial software and published literature is observed. Finally, general comments are made on how each component of the anisotropic permittivity affects the current distribution of the dipole.
Frequency Trimming of Aluminum Nitride Microresonators Using Rapid Thermal Annealing

To transition aluminum nitride (AlN) microresonator filters into a manufacturable technology, accurate control of the resonator frequency across a wafer is required. This paper describes a postfabrication rapid thermal anneal approach to trim resonator frequency over 27 000 ppm with an accuracy of 500 ppm. Measurements made on 22.4 MHz resonators indicate that the effect of annealing on the resonators saturates in 5 min and upshift the resonator frequency super linearly with temperature. We replicate the frequency trimming effect on hermetically sealed wafer level packaged devices to reduce the across-wafer frequency distribution from 22 000 to 4000 ppm. We confirm that this postannealing technique is permanent by temperature cycling the resonators from 50 $^{\circ}{\rm C}$ to 125 $^{\circ}{\rm C}$ . This technique provides a method to trim AlN microresonator frequency overcoming effects such as thin film variations, which are inherent to microsystems fabrication. $\hfill{[2013\hbox{--}0091]}$
New dynamic programming models of fisheries management

Dynamic programming (DP) has shown itself to be an appropriate methodology for devising strategies of fisheries management. The present paper has several goals in the same area: to elucidate the process of formulation and its requirements; to illustrate how practical constraints may be incorporated into the problems; to examine the realities of computation; to show that models of other than an equilibrium nature may be of use and that finite horizon models are more realistic; to emphasize the relevance of some models, not previously employed; and to correct some abuses and misconceptions. We also make some effort to reveal practical benefits to real-world decision-making in this problem area occasioned by the nature of DP. Certain significant advantages have been overlooked by previous researches. Among the model improvements suggested are: backward formulations for more realistic decisions in both the cases of invertible and non-invertible transformations; the introduction of varying catch capacity and associated costs for changes and for underutilized capacity; the relevance of maximin objectives; and the computational implications of multispecies models. For elementary deterministic models possible sources of error are identified and recommendations made for dealing with certain of these. A careful presentation is made of the effort involved in handling one-dimensional problems with random variables of known probability distributions. In the absence of distributions adaptive models are mentioned, along with their attending complications and some empirical evidence promoting optimism in that case.
Mining Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-seq data with Integrated Genome Browser reveals stress-induced alternative splicing of the putative splicing regulator SR45a

 Premise of the study: High-throughput sequencing of cDNA libraries prepared from diverse samples (RNA-seq) can reveal genome-wide changes in alternative splicing. Using RNA-seq data to assess splicing at the level of individual genes requires the ability to visualize read alignments alongside genomic annotations. To meet this need, we added RNA-seq visualization capability to Integrated Genome Browser (IGB), a free desktop genome visualization tool. To illustrate this capability, we present an in-depth analysis of abiotic stresses and their effects on alternative splicing of SR45a (AT1G07350), a putative splicing regulator from Arabidopsis thaliana .  Methods: cDNA libraries prepared from Arabidopsis plants that were subjected to heat and dehydration stresses were sequenced on an Illumina GAIIx sequencer, yielding more than 511 million high-quality 75-base, single-end sequence reads. Reads were aligned onto the reference genome and visualized in IGB.  Key results: Using IGB, we confi rmed exon-skipping alternative splicing in SR45a. Exon-skipped variant AT1G07350.1 encodes full-length SR45a protein with intact RS and RNA recognition motifs, while nonskipped variant AT1G07350.2 lacks the C-terminal RS region due to a frameshift in the alternative exon. Heat and drought stresses increased both transcript abundance and the proportion of exon-skipped transcripts encoding the full-length protein. We identifi ed new splice sites and observed frequent intron retention fl anking the alternative exon.  Conclusions: This study underlines the importance of visual inspection of RNA-seq alignments when investigating alternatively spliced genes. We showed that heat and dehydration stresses increase overall abundance of SR45a mRNA while also increasing production of transcripts encoding the full-length SR45a protein relative to other splice variants.
More With Less Using RSS

Today, many receive information via RSS, an efficient delivery and aggregation technology that feeds user-specific web content to our computers. For an individual, RSS is like having an assistant available to gather the information you want to see from a variety of sources. For businesses, RSS can be an effective mechanism to reach customers and provide them with the information they have asked for. While there is tremendous growth in the usage of RSS, surprisingly, many of us know little about what it is.
Child psychoanalysis and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: the treatment of a ten-year-old boy.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms have long held interest for psychoanalysts. Currently, pharmacological and behavioral treatments are commonly viewed as the standard of care, and psychoanalytic clinicians are often uncertain of how best to approach these patients. The successful two-year psychoanalytic treatment of a ten-year-old boy with obsessive-compulsive disorder, who remained symptom-free eight years after termination, is reported. While this is but a single case, its outcome implies that for some patients psychoanalysis may be the treatment of choice.
Using active relocation to aid reinforcement learning

We propose a new framework for aiding a reinforcement learner by allowing it to relocate, or move, to a state it selects so as to decrease the number of steps it needs to take in order to develop an effective policy. The framework requires a minimal amount of human involvement or expertise and assumes a cost for each relocation. Several methods for taking advantage of the ability to relocate are proposed, and their effectiveness is tested in two commonly-used domains.
Impacts of vegetation on residential heating and cooling

Computer simulation has been used to test the effects of irradiance and wind reductions on the energy performance of similar residences of 143 m2 in four U.S. cities — Madison, Salt Lake City, Tucson and Miami — representing four different climates. Irradiance reductions from vegetation were modeled using SPS, which simulates shade cast from plants on buildings, and MICROPAS, a microcomputer-based energy analysis program. Space cooling costs were found to be most sensitive to roof and west wall shading, whereas heating costs were most sensitive to south and east wall shading. Irradiance reductions were shown to substantially increase annual heating costs in cold climates ($128 or 28% in Madison), and reduce cooling costs in hot climates ($249 or 61% in Miami). Dense shade on all surfaces reduced peak cooling loads by 31% – 49% or 3108 – 4086 W. A 50% wind reduction was shown to lower annual heating costs by $63 (11%) in Madison, and increased annual cooling costs by $68 (15%) in Miami. Planting designs for cold climates should reduce winter winds and provide solar access to south and east walls. This guideline also applies for temperate climates, however it is also important to avoid blocking summer winds. In hot climates, high-branching shade trees and low ground covers should be used to promote both shade and wind.
Energy-efficient replica voting mechanisms for secure real-time embedded systems

The paper employs majority voting among replica processes to move correct data from the environment to the end-user entity in a secure real-time application setting. The replicas may be wireless computation nodes deployed in a power-constrained environment, and the data may be quite large in size with nonnumeric and non-exact contents (e.g., imaging devices in a geographic terrain). The voting protocol is made energy-efficient by reducing the amount of data processing and network-level message exchanges required in delivering data to the user. Our optimization takes into account: (i) processing cycles expended in comparing data; (ii) amount of replica data movement required; (iii) number of control messages generated. We consider two types of voting protocol: a 'centralized' scheme where replica data are collected at a secure power-abundant site to carry out the data comparisons for voting; a 'decentralized' scheme where each replica compares its locally computed data with a candidate data to send its consent/dissent message to a central vote collating site. The paper develops a performance model that considers the (i)-(iii) tradeoffs to determine the energy consumption levels in the centralized and decentralized voting schemes. Our model allows the voting apparatus to select an energy-optimal scheme, given the timeliness parameters and the network and processing bandwidths.
Water and energy budgets of hurricanes and implications for climate change

[1] On the basis of simulations of hurricane Katrina in August 2005 with the advanced Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model at 4 km resolution without parameterized convection, empirical relationships are computed between the maximum simulated wind and the surface fluxes and precipitation and provide a reasonable fit to the data. The best track data set of global observed tropical cyclones is used to estimate the frequency that storms of a given strength occur over the globe after 1970. For 1990–2005 the total surface heat loss by the tropical ocean in hurricanes category 1 to 5 within 400 km of the center of the storms is estimated to be about 0.53 × 1022 J a−1 (where a is year) (0.17 PW). The enthalpy loss due to hurricanes computed on the basis of precipitation is about a factor of 3.4 greater (0.58 PW), owing to the addition of the surface fluxes from outside 400 km radius and moisture convergence into the storms typically from as far from the eye as 1600 km. Globally these values correspond to 0.33 W m−2 for evaporation, or 1.13 W m−2 for precipitation. Changes over time reflect basin differences and a prominent role for El Nino, and the most active period globally was 1989 to 1997. Strong positive trends from 1970 to 2005 occur in these inferred surface fluxes and precipitation arising from increases in intensity of storms and also higher sea surface temperatures. Confidence in this result is limited by uncertainties in the best track tropical cyclone data. Nonetheless, the results highlight the importance of surface energy exchanges in global energetics of the climate system and are suggestive of the deficiencies in climate models owing to their inadequate representation of hurricanes.
Revised derivation of Landau damping

We re-derive Landau's damping equation using an alternative method different from that of the original author. This alternative method results in a factor of two greater damping. This factor of two is a result of inconsistent assumptions by Landau about the nature of the singularity.
Lowered height, laxness, and retracted tongue root: Different manifestations of phonological APERTURE

Proposition d'un systeme de notation pour rassembler les traits de hauteur, tension et ATR sous un ensemble commun : le trait « ouverture ». Exemples en anglais des Etats-Unis, moyen anglais et aka
High lipoprotein(a) levels and small apolipoprotein(a) size prospectively predict cardiovascular events in dialysis patients

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are increased in dialysis patients, suggesting that they may play a role in the elevated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in this population. Few prospective studies of Lp(a) level, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] size, and ASCVD have been performed in the dialysis population. An inception cohort of 833 incident dialysis patients were followed prospectively. Baseline Lp(a) was measured by apo(a) size-independent ELISA and apo(a) size by Western blot after SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. A combined prospective nonfatal and fatal ASCVD end point included myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, cerebrovascular accident, carotid endarterectomy, peripheral revascularization, gangrene, or limb amputation. Survival analyses were performed with adjustment for baseline demographics, comorbid conditions, ASCVD risk factors, albumin, lipids, and C-reactive protein. Median follow-up was 27.4 mo, with 297 ASCVD events, 130 non-ASCVD deaths, and seven losses to follow-up over 1649 person-years. In multivariate Cox regression models, both high Lp(a) concentration (>/=53 nmol/L) and low molecular weight (LMW) apo(a) isoforms ( 123 nmol/L, the relative hazard (RH) of ASCVD was 1.73 (P < 0.0005), compared with high molecular weight apo(a) and Lp(a) level <123 nmol/L. No interactions by age, race, gender, diabetes, or ASCVD were present. Both LMW apo(a) size and high Lp(a) level predict ASCVD risk in dialysis patients, but the association of ASCVD with LMW isoforms is stronger than the association with high Lp(a) concentration.
Difficult Conversations in the Emergency Department: Spotlight on the Disclosure of Medical Errors ☆

Despite our best efforts, medical errors remain an unavoidable reality in the field of medicine, and bring with them sensitive and often-challenging communication issues. This is particularly significant in the emergency department (ED), where health care providers must stabilize, diagnose, and treat patients very quickly, all while establishing rapport and developing trust with the patient and family. The patient and family rely on the ED physician not only to provide appropriate treatment but also to alleviate anxiety. Difficult conversations in the ED span a variety of topics, including adolescent sexuality, child abuse, a new or life-threatening diagnosis, or a medical error that occurred in the course of the child's care. Ultimately, it is the physician's responsibility to ensure that communication is effective, honest, and complete. This review article aims to guide clinicians through the issues surrounding one of the most difficult conversations that can arise in the ED: the disclosure of medical errors.
Temperature-dependent symptoms in a patient with esophageal motor disease.

Patients with esophageal motor disease have been known to develop symptoms (chest pain, or dysphagia, or both) upon ingestion of warm or cold beverages. A patient with an esophageal motor disorder is described from whom a history of marked symptoms related to bolus temperature was elicited. Manometric monitoring during the administration of wet swallows with cold and warm water boluses reproducibly altered primary swallows from normal amplitude (74 ± 7 mmHg) peristaltic contractions (warm boluses) to low amplitude (9 ± 1.0 mmHg) aperistaltic contractions (cold boluses). The striking correlation between clinical history and manometric findings supports altered peristalsis as one mechanism for the development of symptoms related to bolus temperature in patients with esophageal motor disease.
Radiosonde-Based Northern Hemisphere Tropospheric Water Vapor Trends

Abstract Trends in tropospheric water vapor at Northern Hemisphere radiosonde stations are presented for two periods;1973–95 and 1958–95. Stations with incomplete or inhomogeneous temporal records were identified and excluded from the analysis. For the 1973–95 period, trends in surface–500-mb precipitable water and in specific humidity, dewpoint, and temperature at the 850-mb level are shown. At most stations in this analysis, precipitable water, specific humidity, and dewpoint temperature have increased along with temperature over the period. An exception is Europe, over which temperature increased but humidity slightly decreased. Water vapor increases are larger, more uniform, and more significant over North America than over Eurasia, and the differences in trend magnitude and sign between the two regions may be attributable to changes in the late 1970s that affected North America more than Eurasia. Seasonal and annual correlations of surface–500-mb precipitable water with temperature, dewpoint temperat...
Politics and Administration

This paper develops a theory of the eectiveness of government programs. In the model, a bureaucrat chooses a mechanism for assigning a good (such as a license, or a benet payment) to a client of uncertain qualications. The mechanism uses a means test to verify the client’s eligibility. A politician who values the payos of a subset of client types exercises oversight by designating the resources available for means testing and the population of clients that can be served. The model makes predictions about common administrative pathologies, including inecient and politicized distribution of resources, program errors, and backlogs. When the politician favors marginally qualied clients, programs will tend to be universal, with low per capita spending and high error rates. When the politician favors highly qualied clients, programs have smaller client populations, higher per capita spending, and lower error rates. Notably, the bureaucrat can only use discriminatory testing in the latter case, and programs with larger budgets do not spend more per client.
Diurnal Variations in the Intensity of Flight Activity from Honeybee Colonies

SUMMARYFlight activity of honeybees was observed in two locations in California. The total number of outgoing flights from a hive varied between 14 000 and 163 000 a day. Significant diurnal variations were recorded; with high temperature and low humidity in the desert, there were very few flights at midday, and very many at dawn and dusk. The use of relative daily numbers of flights as a measure of foraging potential is discussed.
Mottainai: The Fabric of Life, Lessons in Frugality from Traditional Japan

(2012). Mottainai: The Fabric of Life, Lessons in Frugality from Traditional Japan. TEXTILE: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 336-344.
All About Donor-Advised Gift Funds: How Middle-Class Families Can Enhance Their Charitable Giving with Maximum Tax Benefits

The first donor-advised gift fund was established nearly 90 years ago. But it was not until Fidelity Investments created its Charitable Gift Fund in 1992, soon followed by other large brokerage firms and mutual fund companies, that the funds became, in the words of Forbes magazine, "the hottest trend in philanthropy."Donor-advised gift funds offer a simple, flexible, and tax-efficient way to convert appreciated securities into a "charitable checkbook" from which to make relatively small, routine donations. They are, in effect, charitable foundations "for the rest of us." This presentation, made at the National YMCA Conference and Training Center at Silver Bay, New York, explains what donor-advised gift funds are and how they work. (Readers are cautioned that certain tax rates, legal restrictions, and administrative regulations may have changed since the presentation was made in 2001.)
Why Cramp Competition

(1931). Why Cramp Competition? The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 10-54.
Persistent Disparities in Hispanics with Cervical Cancer in a Major City

Objectives Despite an overall improvement in cervical cancer screening, incidence, and mortality rates for minorities in the USA, regional differences in screening and stage at presentation have been observed. This study evaluated cervical cancer disparities in a predominately Hispanic population treated in a major treatment center in San Antonio, Texas.
Evaluation of Pain, Dyspnea, and Goals of Care Among Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Comprehensive Palliative Care Survey.

Background:Palliative care is increasingly important in the care of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Symptoms such as pain and dyspnea are prevalent, yet severity may be underestimated. Little information is available to describe patient preferences for end-of-life care (EOLC). The objective of this study was to describe patient perceptions about pain, dyspnea, and advance care planning.Methods:We developed a survey to assess pain, dyspnea, and EOLC in adults with CF. Questions were compiled and adapted from existing tools. The survey was administered to all patients in a single adult CF care center. Descriptive data were compiled as counts (proportions) and median (25th and 75th percentile). Mann Whitney U test was used to determine differences between individuals who experienced pain and dyspnea. A P value of .05 was utilized to determine significance.Results:Thirty-seven of 43 surveys were returned. Twenty-four percent reported chronic pain. Patients who reported pain with airway clearance had lower l...
Stress: Its Effect on Interactions among Biogenic Amines and Role in the Induction and Treatment of Disease

“Bernard was right. The microbe is nothing, the soil is everything.” This quotation, a translation of a statement made by Louis Pasteur on his deathbed (Selye, 1976), refers to his belated realization that Claude Bernard was correct in emphasizing the importance of the body’s equilibrium in determining the disease-producing potential of microorganisms. It reflects one of the few pervasive and enduring principles in experimental biology and medicine. That is, the effect of a given stimulus depends on the state of the organism at the time that stimulus is presented (Freedman, 1978). This principle, as it relates to stress, is the underlying theme of our manuscript.
Purpose, Power, and Agency

There are various reasons for taking a second look at anything at all. One reason is to discern aspects which have been overlooked; another fre quently related reason is to reappraise the value or relevance of whatever is being reconsidered. A thing might be deemed worthless or negligible because some feature or set of features has been overlooked. And this way of conceiving the thing might become so familiar, so entrenched, that it powerfully, because subtly, works against alternative conceptions.1 In cer tain intellectual circles, for example, the critiques of religion have become so familiar that the religious hypothesis is not (in William James's phrase) a "living option."2 As John Dewey noted, familiarity is more likely to breed credulity than contempt: We take the familiar conception, containing its im plicit evaluation, as worthy of our belief, simply because it is familiar. Thus, a second look undertaken from a fresh perspective is ordinarily most promising; for it is most likely to bring into focus overlooked facets and un suspected relevancies of familiar topics.
Managing Patients with Cutaneous B-Cell and T-Cell Lymphomas Other Than Mycosis Fungoides

Cutaneous lymphomas (CL) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized with clinical and histopathological variation, as well as overlap with benign dermatoses. Diagnosis and treatment of CLs is challenging and often requires a multidisciplinary approach. However, prognostic knowledge of these conditions and awareness of treatment options can help optimize appropriate use of available regimens, thereby improving care for patients. Here, we review the most recent literature and outline treatment themes for managing patients with cutaneous B-cell and T-cell lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides.
A Review of Best Practices for the Treatment of Persons with Mental Illness in Jail

This chapter discusses the need for specific kinds of short-term mental health treatment in jails as opposed to prisons. Although there is a vast amount of information about the treatment of persons with mental illness in prisons where inmates are there for a defined period of time, there is a dearth of literature on treatment in jails where inmates are often unpredictably in and out.
DNA Recognition by a Novel Bis-Intercalator, Potent Anticancer Drug XR5944

XR5944 is a potent anticancer drug with a novel DNA binding mode: DNA bisintercalationg with major groove binding. XR5944 can bind the estrogen response element (ERE) sequence to block ER-ERE binding and inhibit ERα activities, which may be useful for overcoming drug resistance to currently available antiestrogen treatments. This review discusses the progress relating to the structure and function studies of specific DNA recognition of XR5944. The sites of intercalation within a native promoter sequence appear to be different from the ideal binding site and are context- and sequence- dependent. The structural information may provide insights for rational design of improved EREspecific XR5944 derivatives, as well as of DNA bis-intercalators in general.
Current Trends in Local E-Government

The wave of intensified economic globalization and the increasing density of networked computers since the fall of the Berlin Wall have become major forces across the industrialized countries and have touched all levels of government. Some argue that globalization has shifted the focus of economic and political activities to the global level at the expense of the national and grassroots level. There are also those who argue that the network technology underpinning the Internet concentrates power among the political elite rather than decentralizing decision making (Warschauer, 2003). Others disagree with these viewpoints and draw attention to the important role of the sub-national within the context of the globalized information technologies. In conjunction with the use of ICTs, local governments can serve as flows able to facilitate the dissemination of information and networks across and beyond government (Castells, 1989, 2006). Research efforts since 1996 also suggest the increasing importance of ICTs at the local level. According to the latest E-Government Reference Library (Version 10.0), a list of peer reviewed publications in this area compiled by Dr. Hans Scholl at the University of Washington, Table 2.1 illustrates the proliferation of local e-government peer-reviewed references (Fig. 2.1).
Vista Wearable: Seeing through Whole-Body Touch without Contact

Using the sense of touch is one of the most natural methods of navigation available to the blind. In this work, we propose a method to enhance a person's use of touch for surroundings awareness by placing range sensors coupled with small vibrators on the surface of their body. Our device, Vista Wearable, seeks to enhance a person's sense of physical awareness with their surroundings by providing hap tic feedback that directly corresponds with distance to nearby objects and obstacles. We constructed an array of connected range-sensors and vibrators that can be worn close to the skin for testing in controlled real and virtual environments. We then built small and unobtrusive devices that contain the range-sensor, vibrator, and a wireless Bluetooth interface, so that the user can configure and wear the units on their body where necessary without wires. Preliminary testing of the devices shows promise in real world applications including as a travel aid for the blind.
Teaching undergrads WEB evaluation: A guide for library instruction

Presentation de criteres pour l'evaluation des pages Web : precision, credit a apporter a l'auteur, objectivite, mise a jour, liens hypertexte...
Selective neuronal PTEN deletion：can we take the brakes off of growth without losing control？

The limited ability for injured adult axons to regenerate is a major cause for limited functional recovery after injury to the nervous system, motivating numerous efforts to uncover mechanisms capable of enhancing regeneration potential. One promising strategy involves deletion or knockdown of the phosphatase and tensin ( PTEN ) gene. Conditional genetic deletion of PTEN before, immediately following, or several months after spinal cord injury enables neurons of the corticospinal tract (CST) to regenerate their axons across the lesion, which is accompanied by enhanced recovery of skilled voluntary motor functions mediated by the CST. Although conditional genetic deletion or knockdown of PTEN in neurons enables axon regeneration, PTEN is a well-known tumor suppressor and mutations of the PTEN gene disrupt brain development leading to neurological abnormalities including macrocephaly, seizures, and early mortality. The long-term consequences of manipulating PTEN in the adult nervous system, as would be done for therapeutic intervention after injury, are only now being explored. Here, we summarize evidence indicating that long-term deletion of PTEN in mature neurons does not cause evident pathology; indeed, cortical neurons that have lived without PTEN for over 1 year appear robust and healthy. Studies to date provide only a first look at potential negative consequences of PTEN deletion or knockdown, but the absence of any detectable neuropathology supports guarded optimism that interventions to enable axon regeneration after injury are achievable.
Acyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 Functions in Palmitoylation/Depalmitoylation Cycles of G Proteins and Regulates Platelet Activation

Abstract 1062 Protein palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates both lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions. During the palmitoylation cycle, palmitoylation occurs through a thioester linkage to a cysteine residue. Depalmitoylation occurs primarily through cleavage of this bond by acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1). We have previously demonstrated the presence of APT1 in platelets and showed that APT1 translocates to membranes in an activation-dependent manner. However, the function of APT1 in platelet activation is not known. To determine whether APT1 functions in platelet signal transduction we evaluated the effect of palmostatins, novel small molecule inhibitors of APT1, on platelet function. Palmostatins B and M both inhibited platelet aggregation and α -granule secretion induced through protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 with an IC 50 of 15 μM. To assess which signaling pathways were affected by APT1 inhibition, we screened palmostatins for their ability to inhibit activation induced by several agonists. Palmostatins blocked platelet aggregation induced by a PAR1 agonist, a PAR4 agonist, TxA 2 , or epinephrine. In contrast, palmostatins failed to inhibit aggregation induced by collagen, PMA, or ionophore. Palmostatins also inhibited α -granule exocytosis induced by a PAR1 agonist or TxA 2 , but not exocytosis induced by PMA or ionophore. These results suggested that palmostatins blocked proximal signaling events mediated through G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). To evaluate this supposition, we tested the effect of palmostatin B on PAR1-mediated [Ca 2+ ] i flux. Palmostatin B inhibited PAR1-induced Ca 2+ signaling with and IC 50 of 15 μM, the same concentration required for inhibition of platelet aggregation and α -granule secretion. We have recently described the platelet palmitoylome (Dowal et al., Blood , 118:e62-73) and found several components of the proximal G protein signaling pathway that are palmitoylated, including many Gα subunits. To directly assess the effect of APT1 inhibition on palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycles on a target Gα subunit, we evaluated Gα q palmitoylation using acyl biotin exchange chemistry. Total Gα q palmitoylation decreased substantially with activation of platelets through PAR1. In the presence of palmostatin B, however, Gα q palmitoylation increased following PAR1 activation. These results demonstrate that Gα q is a substrate for APT1. Our studies demonstrate a role for palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycles in proximal signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs and implicate APT1 as an essential regulator of G protein signaling in platelets. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Clinical Features of Patients with Multiple Myeloma and C-MYC Rearrangements

Abstract Abstract 5090 Background: The proto-oncogene c-MYC encodes a transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation, growth, and apoptosis. c-MYC is located on the long arm of chromosome 8 (8q24.1) and its rearrangement has been reported in 15% of myeloma patients independent of the disease stage (Avet-Loiseau et al. Blood 2001). However, the clinical significance of c-MYC rearrangement is not well described. Here we report the characteristics and outcome of 7 myeloma patients with c-MYC rearrangements that were treated at our institution. Methods: Between July 2007 and May 2011, we identified 7 patients (4 males, 3 females) who had c-MYC rearrangements on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses at the time of diagnosis. The primary objective of this study was to describe the patient characteristics, response to therapy, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). Results: Median age at diagnosis was 58 years (49–72). There were 4 Caucasians, 2 African-Americans and 1 Asian. International Staging System stage was I, II, and III in 3, 2, and 2 patients, respectively. Two patients had serum creatinine of ≥2 mg/dL as well as Hgb ≤10 g/dL, two other patients had hypercalcemia at diagnosis. Six (85%) patients had myelomatous bone lesions at diagnosis. Plasma cell counts in bone marrows ranged from 20%-78%, with a mean of 51%. Abnormalities involving chromosome 8q24.1, the c-MYC locus, were detected on conventional cytogenetics in all 7 patients, including t(8;14)(q24.1) in 3 cases, a t(2;8)(p12;q24.1), a variant of the t(8;14), in 2 cases, and an abnormal chromosome 8 with unknown material attached to the 8q24.1 region confirmed by FISH in two cases. This is in contrast to an earlier report where only 25% of patients with c-MYC rearrangement on FISH had corresponding cytogenetic abnormalities. Three patients also had a del(13)(q14.1)/RB1, one of whom also had a del(17)(p13)/TP53, while two other patients had t(11;14)(q13;q32) involving CCND1-XT/IGH rearrangements. Six patients (85%) received induction with a bortezomib+ dexamethasone regimen, and one patient received thalidomide+ dexamethasone. Five patients achieved a partial (PR) or very good partial remission (VGPR) to induction, while 2 patients had Conclusion: This is the first report describing clinical characteristics of myeloma patients with c-MYC rearrangements. All 7 patients had concurrent translocations involving chromosome 8q24 on conventional cytogenetics, and had a shorter TTP and OS than our historical data. The role of c-MYC rearrangement in myeloma needs to be explored in prospective studies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Deriving Small Area Mortality Estimates Using a Probabilistic Reweighting Method

Small area health estimates are important for studying environmental exposure, disease transmission, and health outcomes at the local scale. Yet, to protect privacy, the majority of publicly available health data are aggregated within larger spatial units such as states or counties. This article describes a method to generate small area mortality estimates from individual microdata that are available only for larger geographic entities. The mortality estimates are based on the probabilistic reweighting and spatial allocation of a population constructed by combining the individual-level microdata with census tract–level summary data. The generated mortality counts can be used to explore local mortality patterns and identify clusters of mortality from various causes. Validation of the allocated death counts against actual restricted-use census tract–level death counts suggests that the estimated counts reliably duplicate the total mortality patterns found in the actual data. The allocations of cause-specifi...
Responses of eight groundcover species to renovation by mowing

Abstract Eight species of groundcovers commonly used in the southwestern United States were subjected to renovation by mowing during a 2-year study: red apple, coyote bush, pink iceplant, trailing lantana, prostrate myoporum, trailing African daisy, dwarf rosemary and garden verbena. Plant response was evaluated monthly in terms of total height, thickness of thatch, density, and overall appearance. Six species responded favorably to mowing at a height of 10 cm (4 in) in that thatch and height were significantly reduced for up to several months with only a brief loss in aesthetic quality. Coyote bush, trailing lantana, prostrate myoporum and garden verbena responded well to March mowings, while pink iceplant and trailing African daisy responded well to June mowings. In the two species that did not respond favorably (red apple and dwarf rosemary), the 10 cm (4 in) mowing treatment significantly reduced thatch and height but their aesthetic quality and density were reduced to unacceptable levels for several ...
Tamoxifen for the Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Premenopausal Patient

Tamoxifen (Nolvadex®), a non-steroidal an-tioestrogen, was first introduced into clinical practice in the 1970s for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal patients [1–3]. Subsequent study showed that tamoxifen was also an effective palliative agent in premenopausal patients with advanced disease [4–7].
An ancient Sec10–formin fusion provides insights into actin-mediated regulation of exocytosis

Exocytosis, facilitated by the exocyst, is fundamentally important for remodeling cell walls and membranes. Here, we analyzed For1F, a novel gene that encodes a fusion of an exocyst subunit (Sec10) and an actin nucleation factor (formin). We showed that the fusion occurred early in moss evolution and has been retained for more than 170 million years. In Physcomitrella patens, For1F is essential, and the expressed protein is a fusion of Sec10 and formin. Reduction of For1F or actin filaments inhibits exocytosis, and For1F dynamically associates with Sec6, another exocyst subunit, in an actin-dependent manner. Complementation experiments demonstrate that constitutive expression of either half of the gene or the paralogous Sec10b rescues loss of For1F, suggesting that fusion of the two domains is not essential, consistent with findings in yeast, where formin and the exocyst are linked noncovalently. Although not essential, the fusion may have had selective advantages and provides a unique opportunity to probe actin regulation of exocytosis.
The Role of Technology in the Bedside Encounter

Technology has the potential to both distract and reconnect providers with their patients. The widespread adoption of electronic medical records in recent years pulls physicians away from time at the bedside. However, when used in conjunction with patients, technology has the potential to bring patients and physicians together. The increasing use of point-of-care ultrasound by physicians is changing the bedside encounter by allowing for real-time diagnosis with the treating physician. It is a powerful example of the way technology can be a force for refocusing on the bedside encounter.