cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Canine Dendritic Cell Activation/Maturation and Inflammatory Cytokine Release by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Occurs Through Multiple Distinct Biochemical Pathways

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a readily accessible source of cells with potent immune modulatory activity. MSC can suppress ongoing inflammatory responses by suppressing T cell function, while fewer studies have examined the impact of MSC on dendritic cell (DC) function. The dog spontaneous disease model represents an important animal model with which to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of cellular therapy with MSC. This study evaluated the effects of canine MSC on the activation and maturation of canine monocyte-derived DC, as well as mechanisms underlying these effects. Adipose-derived canine MSC were cocultured with canine DC, and the MSC effects on DC maturation and activation were assessed by flow cytometry, cytokine ELISA, and confocal microscopy. We found that canine MSC significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated upregulation of DC activation markers such as major histocompatibility class II (MHCII), CD86, and CD40. Furthermore, pretreatment of MSC with interferon gamma (IFNγ) augmented this suppressive activity. IFNγ-activated MSC also significantly reduced LPS-elicited DC secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha without reducing secretion of interleukin-10. The suppressive effect of IFNγ-treated MSC on LPS-induced DC activation was mediated by soluble factors secreted by both MSC and DC. Pathways of DC functional suppression included programmed death ligand-1 expression and secretion of nitrous oxide, prostaglandin E2, and adenosine by activated MSC. Coculture of DC with IFNγ-treated MSC maintained DC in an immature state and prolonged DC antigen uptake during LPS maturation stimulus. Taken together, canine MSC are capable of potently suppressing DC function in a potentially inflammatory microenvironment through several separate immunological pathways and confirm the potential for immune therapy with MSC in canine immune-mediated disease models.
Reliability of video recordings to evaluate quality of anesthesia recovery in dogs

Abstract Objective To assess the reliability of using video recordings to evaluate anesthesia recovery in dogs. Study Design Prospective study. Animals A total of 30 dogs undergoing surgery. Methods Recovery monitoring and video recording lasted from extubation until 1 hour later. Scoring was done in real time at the end of the hour by a graduate student using three systems: a simple descriptive scale, visual analog scale and numeric rating scale. Videos were distributed to three American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia board-certified anesthesiologist raters as well as the original rater to score. These videos were revisited 4 months later, and the recoveries were scored again. To assess reliability, Cohen’s and Fleiss’ kappa values evaluated the agreement between sessions. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were run comparing each observer’s two sessions. Recoveries were classified as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ according to the cut-off values for each system. Results Correlation values among raters ranged from 0.50 to 0.82 and from 0.26 to 0.60 in the first and second session, respectively. Bland–Altman plots revealed biases between 0.133 and 1.633 points for each of the three scoring systems. Cohen’s kappa had agreement ranging from 0.29 to 0.79 during the first viewing and from 0.17 to 0.44 during the second. Fleiss’ kappa values were 0.06, 0.16, 0.22 and 0.26 for various data combinations. Considering overall recovery, Fleiss’ kappa showed agreement ranging from 0.54 to 0.71 and from 0.13 to 0.49 for the first and second session, respectively. Of the 12 Wilcoxon tests run, seven found significantly different scores between the two scoring sessions. The recoveries given an overall good or bad were the same on both occasions that they were reviewed. Conclusions and clinical relevance The use of a video to evaluate recovery in dogs should be used with caution. Individual raters’ agreement for specific scores was poor, but evaluating recovery overall had perfect agreement.
Short-term methionine deprivation improves metabolic biomarkers of obesity

Obesity has become an epidemic in the United States and worldwide. Obesity, along with its associated metabolic disorders, predisposes patients to two major types of chronic diseases: diabetes and ...
STRUCTURAL MODEL IN ASSESSING INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTOR TOWARD MATHEMATICS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF THE TENTH YEAR STUDENTS OF PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN MAKASSAR CITY

The main problem to be considered in this research is how the inter-relationship between internal factors (self-concept of mathematics and interest in learning) and external factors (parent's parenting and learning facilities) on mathematics learning achievement of grade X SMA students in Makassar city. The population in this study are all students of class X SMA Negeri in Makassar city. Data were collected through 348 selected samples with stratified random sampling technique, using a scoring scale and a mathematics learning achievement test that was structured as a research instrument. Data analysis begins with validation and instrument reliability test through confirmatory factor analysis, followed by model verification to obtain final structural model of stage. Finally, intervening variable mediation analysis is performed on the final structural model. The result of the research gives an idea that the self concept of mathematics of class X students of SMA Negeri in Makassar is in the category whereas the interest of learning mathematics of X class student of SMA Negeri in Makassar is in high category. Then the democratic upbringing of students of class X State Senior High School in Makassar is in the good category while the learning facilities of students of class X State Senior High School in Makassar are in very complete category. The achievement of mathematics learning of grade X of SMA Negeri in Makassar is in the less category. The results of the study also provide support to the proposed applicative model which illustrates that the higher the integration of internal factors (especially the self-concept of mathematics and interest in learning mathematics) and external factors (especially the democratic parenting and learning facilities) will be higher the level of mathematics achievement of grade X Country in the city of Makassar
Effect of spatial distribution of porous matrix surface charge heterogeneity on nanoparticle attachment in a packed bed

In this study, the effect of spatial distribution of the porous matrix surface heterogeneity on nanoparticle deposition is numerically explored using lattice Boltzmann simulation methods and tracking of individual particles with Lagrangian algorithms. Packed beds with four different patterns of surface charge heterogeneity, on which favorable surfaces for particle attachment are located at different locations, are generated. The heterogeneity is binary, so that the porous surface can either accommodate nanoparticle attachment or not. It is found that the heterogeneity pattern has a stronger effect when the rate constant for particle attachment is high, when the particle size is small, and/or when the fraction of the surface area that is favorable to attachment is about 0.5. At fixed conditions, the heterogeneity pattern with randomly and uniformly distributed active surface area is the most favorite for particle attachment, compared to those where the active surface areas are banded perpendicularly to the...
The role of nonbilayer phospholipids in mitochondrial structure and function

Mitochondrial structure and function are influenced by the unique phospholipid composition of its membranes. While mitochondria contain all the major classes of phospholipids, recent studies have highlighted specific roles of the nonbilayer-forming phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cardiolipin (CL) in the assembly and activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes. The nonbilayer phospholipids are cone-shaped molecules that introduce curvature stress in the bilayer membrane and have been shown to impact mitochondrial fusion and fission. In addition to their overlapping roles in these mitochondrial processes, each nonbilayer phospholipid also plays a unique role in mitochondrial function; for example, CL is specifically required for MRC supercomplex formation. Recent discoveries of mitochondrial PE- and CL-trafficking proteins and prior knowledge of their biosynthetic pathways have provided targets for precisely manipulating nonbilayer phospholipid levels in the mitochondrial membranes in vivo. Thus, the genetic mutants of these pathways could be valuable tools in illuminating molecular functions and biophysical properties of nonbilayer phospholipids in driving mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics.
Experimental study and mathematical modeling of the electrochemical degradation of dyeing wastewaters in presence of chloride ion with dimensional stable anodes (DSA) of expanded meshes in a FM01-LC reactor

Abstract In the present work an experimental study and mathematical modeling of the indirect electrochemical oxidation of dyeing wastewaters in presence of chloride ion in a FM01-LC reactor in undivided mode coupled to Continuous Stirring Tank (CST) was carried out. As anode five titanium expanded meshes coated with IrO2-SnO2 doped with Sb2O5 and five stainless steel expanded meshes as cathode were used. The reactor operated as a batch recirculation system under galvanostatic conditions, the electrolyses were carried out at two current densities, 132 and 200 A m−2, with 1.0 mM of indigo carmine dye and 0.05 M of NaCl; four liquid flow rates: 0.9, 1.8, 2.7, and 3.6 L min−1 were used. The transient mathematical model for FM01-LC reactor takes into account the liquid flow pattern through axial dispersion coefficient (Dax), the electro-oxidation (pseudo first order kinetic) of chloride ions in the anode side (CCl−), the electrochemical reduction of chlorine oxidizing species (Cox) under mass transport control (mass transfer coefficient) in cathode side; while in the CST the chemical oxidation reactions between active chlorine species and organic matter through homogeneous second order kinetics were considered, which were evaluated through consumption of the chemical oxygen demand (CCOD) and the color decay (Ccol). It was observed that the proposed mathematical model describe adequately the experimental evolution of different chemical species (CCl−, CCOD, and Ccol). Also the constant values determined under conditions here worked: k Cl − = ( 3.2 · 10 3 to 4.9 · 10 3 ) s − 1 ; k ox = 3.5 · 10 5 to 4.6 · 10 5 s − 1 ; k COD = 1.16 · 10 5 to 4.7 · 10 5 m 3 m o l − 1 s − 1 ; k col = 1.2 · 10 3 to 9.98 · 10 3 m 3 m o l − 1 s − 1 ; are in good agreement with the values reported in other previous works.
Analyzing the effects of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) diesel blending on the efficiency and emissions of petroleum refineries and transport fuels in the U.S. and Europe

Abstract The transport sector is fast changing with demand for distillates increasing amidst declining gasoline consumption in many markets especially in the developed world. Increasingly refineries are stretched to operate less efficiently and this is manifested through a drop in efficiency as a consequence of increasing diesel production via less efficient routes, particularly on the marginal barrel of diesel. It has been suggested that this decline in diesel production efficiency, as the ratio of gasoline to diesel (G/D) production drops, can partly be mitigated through the use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) diesel. In this paper we adopted refinery Linear-Programming models to represent the refining system in Europe as well as a district in the U.S. to investigate the effects of increased availability of GTL diesel to a refiner on the energy efficiency and GHG emissions of refineries. Here we showed that indeed there is an improvement in diesel production efficiency with increasing GTL concentrations, but this efficiency gain (
Chemotactic Peptide/Complement Receptors

Chemoattractant peptide and complement receptors are members of the family of seven transmembrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors. Although expressed and characterized predominantly on cells of the immune system, they are also now documented to be expressed on many cell types. In neutrophils they play important roles in chemotaxis and anti-microbial defenses through the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways including phospholipases and kinases resulting in actin polymerization, the generation of superoxide ions, and the release of degradative enzymes. However, dysregulated activation can lead to multiple pathologies such as arthritis, asthma, and atherosclerosis. For this reason, the activation of these receptors is highly regulated by several mechanisms of desensitization involving homologous and heterologous receptor phosphorylation, followed by receptor recycling or downregulation.
A Simplified Peritoneal Sarcomatosis Score for patients treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Background: With the introduction of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), long-term survival can be achieved in selected patients with peritoneal surface malignancy. In patients with peritoneal sarcomatosis (PS), CRS/HIPEC remains a topic of debate. It is important that patient selection and outcome be improved with a tool that better predicts survival in such patients. To this end, we devised a Simplified Peritoneal Sarcomatosis Score (SPSS) adopted from the previously-described peritoneal surface disease severity score (PSDSS). Methods: Patients were included if they were diagnosed with PS and underwent CRS/HIPEC with intended complete cytoreduction between 2007 and 2017. To calculate SPSS, we recorded symptoms (none =0, present =1), peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) (≤10=0, >10=1), and grade of tumor (low =0, high =1). Thus, SPSS ranged from 0 to 3. SPSS-L (low) included patients with score of 0−1; SPSS-H (high) included patients with scores 2−3. Survival curves were generated using Kaplan-Meier method according to the two tiers of SPSS. Results: Twenty-five patients were included. Mean age was 51.84±10.75 years. Median follow-up was 18 months. Compared to SPSS-H, SPSS-L patients had a longer median overall survival (OS) (36±16 vs. 16±6 months, respectively; P=0.021) and a longer median disease-free survival (DFS) (36±16 vs. 16±6 months, respectively; P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, advanced disease (SPSS-H) was an independent predictor of OS (P=0.020) and DFS (P=0.018). Conclusions: SPSS can be used as a tool for patient selection for surgery, prognosis prediction, and stratification into clinical trials of PS patients.
Interdependent Critical Infrastructure Model (ICIM): An agent-based model of power and water infrastructure

Abstract The comfort, mobility, and economic well-being of a population depends on reliable and affordable electric power services, which in turn requires a sustainable water supply. It is therefore increasingly important to analyze the sustainability and resilience of mid- and long-term electric utility and water system capacity expansion plans. Due to the inherent interdependency between power and water critical infrastructure, these expansion plans should be analyzed with respect to potential challenges posed by climate change and other risks. Decision-makers therefore require tools that facilitate an integrated analysis that captures the interdependency of power and water to better inform future expansion plans. Here we develop an agent-based model of a typical regional power system that incorporates the features of specific plant types and their cooling systems that are dependent on adequate water supplies at appropriate temperatures to support full power operation. The effects of capacity expansion plans, power demand growth, climate change, and extreme events are analyzed through different scenarios designed to illustrate the utility of such a model and show where it can aid in mid- and long-term planning.
Ocean recoveries for tomorrow’s Earth: Hitting a moving target

Growing scientific awareness, strong regulations, and effective management have begun to fulfill the promise of recovery in the ocean. However, many efforts toward ocean recovery remain unsuccessful, in part because marine ecosystems and the human societies that depend upon them are constantly changing. Furthermore, recovery efforts are embedded in marine social-ecological systems where large-scale dynamics can inhibit recovery. We argue that the ways forward are to (i) rethink an inclusive definition of recovery that embraces a diversity of stakeholder perspectives about acceptable recovery goals and ecosystem outcomes; (ii) encourage research that enables anticipation of feasible recovery states and identifies pathways toward resilient ecosystems; and (iii) adopt policies that are sufficiently nimble to keep pace with rapid change and governance that works seamlessly from local to regional scales. Application of these principles can facilitate successful recoveries in a world where environmental conditions and social imperatives are constantly shifting.
An experimental method to merge far-field images from multiple longwave infrared sensors for short-term solar forecasting

Abstract In a system used for short-term forecasting of solar irradiance, multiple longwave infrared sensors are used to acquire an image of a large, continuous section of the sky dome. The field of view of each sensor is directed at a particular, fixed portion of the sky dome, with some overlap between adjacent edges of each field of view to ensure that a continuous image can be acquired. Because of unavoidable imperfections in the optical components and in the alignment of the sensors, and because of the complex optics, it is difficult to pre-determine adjustable parameters in the geometric transformations required to merge the multiple images into a single one. Instead, it is possible to do this experimentally, by rotating the imaging sensor array via a two-axis rotating platform, using the sun itself as a convenient far-field reference object, and using the images collected to generate relations that map each sensor pixel into an altitude-azimuth direction, α and ϕ respectively. The experimental proof of concept of this method is described here.
A new subspecies of Chrysochroa margotana Novak, 1992 (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from Myanmar

The paper provides the description of a new subspecies of Chrysochroa margotana Novak, 1992 from Burma and restoration of C. margotana Novak, 1992 as a valid specie name as a result of morphological analysis of close species from subgenus Chrooxantha, group mniszechi (Holynski, 2009).
FP10 In-Home Childcare Providers Participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Improve Knowledge and Nutritional Quality of Foods and Beverages Served with Nutrition Education Intervention

Objective To determine if a nutrition education intervention for in-home child care providers increased CACFP knowledge and menu adherence. Description Quasi-Experimental Study using the Healthier Childcare Environment Team Nutrition intervention group. Participants included 82 in-home child care providers from Michigan group and family day care home programs from 2016-2019. Evaluation A CACFP knowledge questionnaire and a weekly menu of foods and beverages served were collected pre and post intervention and compared with paired t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests. Menus were coded for CACFP nutrition standard compliance by nutrition professionals. After the six-month nutrition education intervention, childcare providers’ knowledge (P = .055) of CACFP nutrition standards and motivation to improve eating and offer healthy choices increased (P = .03) from pre to post assessment. Adherence to CACFP nutrition standards for breakfast and snacks on the menu increased significantly (P Conclusions and Implications The results suggest that the Healthier Childcare Environment intervention improved the nutrition quality of foods being offered to children attending in-home childcare settings. Implementation of the Child and Adult Care Food Program nutrition standards may present challenges, especially for in home providers. Grant Year 2016
Explaining Obesity- and Smoking-related Healthcare Costs through Unconditional Quantile Regression

**Background:** This paper assesses obesity- and smoking-related incremental healthcare costs for the employees and dependents of a large U.S. employer. **Objectives:** Unlike previous studies, this study evaluates the distributional effects of obesity and smoking on healthcare cost distribution using a recently developed econometric framework: the unconditional quantile regression (UQR). **Methods:** Results were compared with the traditional conditional quantile regression (CQR), and the generalized linear modeling (GLM) framework that is commonly used for modeling healthcare cost. **Results:** The study found strong evidence of association of healthcare costs with obesity and smoking. More importantly, the study found that these effects are substantially higher in the upper quantiles of the healthcare cost distribution than in the lower quantiles. The insights on the heterogeneity of impacts of obesity and smoking on healthcare costs would not have been captured by traditional mean-based approaches. The study also found that UQR impact estimates were substantially different from CQR impact estimates in the upper quantiles of the cost distribution. **Conclusions:** These results suggest the potential role that smoking cessation and weight management programs can play in arresting the growth in healthcare costs. Specifically, given the finding that obesity and smoking have markedly higher impacts on high-cost patients, such programs appear to have significant cost saving potential if targeted toward high-cost patients.
ProtoTeams: Supporting Small Group Interactions in Co-Located Crowds

Group facilitators often organize large co-located crowds into small groups where people can more effectively interact and learn from each other. However, current approaches for facilitating small group interactions typically do not capture data about the rapport and future potential of interacting groups. We introduce ProtoTeams, a system designed to facilitate and gather data from small group interactions by dynamically connecting people from larger co-located crowds, such as classrooms and hackathons, through personal mobile devices. The system randomly assigns subjects into groups, then guides them through short activities, at the end of which they evaluate their teammate preferences. We report preliminary results from three deployments in a university-level design studio course where students (N = 50) interact with peers on activities before forming teams for a quarter-long project. Results suggest that the system is intuitive and groups form efficiently. Few subjects report the environment being too hectic and activities too short to accurately evaluate their peers. Future studies will continue investigating the value of this tool in co-located team dynamics.
Dynamic Laser Speckle Imaging meets Machine Learning to enable Rapid Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing (DyRAST)

ABSTRACT Rapid antibacterial susceptibility testing (RAST) methods which measure change of a bacterial phenotype in response to a given treatment are of significant importance in healthcare, as they can assist care-givers in timely administration of the right treatment. Various RAST techniques have been reported for tracking bacterial phenotypes, such as size, shape, motion, and metabolic activity. However, they still require bulky and expensive instruments (which hinders their application in resource-limited environments) and/or utilize labeling reagents (which can interfere with antibiotics and add to cost). Furthermore, the existing ultra-rapid methods do not address possible adaptation of gradual adaptation of bacteria to antibiotics, which can lead to false interpretation of resistance when using ultra-rapid methods. In this work, we present a RAST approach leveraging machine learning analysis of time-resolved dynamic laser speckle imaging (DLSI) results to accurately predict the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a model strain of Escherichia coli in 60 minutes, compared to 6 hours using the currently FDA-approved phenotype-based RAST technique. To demonstrate the DLSI performance, we studied the effect of a β-lactam ampicillin and an aminoglycoside gentamicin on Escherichia coli strain K-12. DLSI captures change of bacterial motion/division in response to treatment. The machine learning algorithm was trained and validated using the overnight results of gold standard, broth microdilution method. Empowered by machine learning, DyRAST can predict MIC with high accuracy comparable to gold standard methods through a voting strategy.
A climate knowledges approach to climate services

Abstract The design of climate services can be improved by a wide variety of user input and understanding of needs based on perceptions. Here we apply findings from in-depth interviews of people whose daily lives interact with climate, weather and a range of natural resources. The interviews are meant to build a nuanced understanding of experienced climate knowledge, and while this approach cannot provide the type of data generated from user surveys, it can reveal local climate perceptions, challenges and understandings that can improve delivery of climate services. Resource users in Colorado’s Gunnison Basin recognize the importance of climate in their livelihoods and want information that fits the scale of their land and resource interactions and that addresses the most salient local and regional climate elements, such as snowpack, runoff, and the timing and character of locally-defined seasons. We also find elements included in local notions of climate that might not arise in a climate needs survey, in this case the problem of dust from a nearby desert region that accumulates on the local snowpack and affects it melt. These findings have implications for the design of climate services, including how local climate perceptions, knowledge, and issues might be better understood and incorporated to improve salience of climate information. The findings presented in this paper, while in some cases distinctive to the study area, can offer guidance for climate services in other contexts.
Beyond Refugia: New insights on Quaternary climate variation and the evolution of biotic diversity in tropical South America

Haffer’s (Science 165: 131–137, 1969) Pleistocene refuge theory has provided motivation for 50 years of investigation into the connections between climate, biome dynamics, and neotropical speciation, although aspects of the original theory are not supported by subsequent studies. Recent advances in paleoclimatology suggest the need for reevaluating the role of Quaternary climate on evolutionary history in tropical South America. In addition to the many repeated large-amplitude climate changes associated with Pleistocene glacial-interglacial stages (~40 kyr and 100 kyr cyclicity), we highlight two aspects of Quaternary climate change in tropical South America: (1) an east-west precipitation dipole, induced by solar radiation changes associated with Earth’s precessional variations (~20 kyr cyclicity); and (2) periods of anomalously high precipitation that persisted for centuries-to-millennia (return frequencies ~1500 years) congruent with cold “Heinrich events” and cold Dansgaard-Oeschger “stadials” of the North Atlantic region. The spatial footprint of precipitation increase due to this North Atlantic forcing extended across almost all of tropical South America south of the equator. Combined, these three climate modes present a picture of climate change with different spatial and temporal patterns than envisioned in the original Pleistocene refuge theory.
Picometer wavefront sensing using the phase-contrast technique

Precision wavefront sensing and interferometry are essential in many fields of industry and fundamental research. Characterization of semiconductor devices, optics in lithography systems, and biologic features of living cells all require measurement resolution at the nanometer level. The field of high-contrast imaging in space-based astronomy has pushed wavefront sensing requirements to a new regime with current and future concepts requiring sensitivity on the order of 10 pm. Techniques to achieve this level of precision have been demonstrated, but require large, expensive instrumentation with custom light sources, and therefore do not provide a solution for in-space operation. Here we demonstrate experimentally the ability to detect picometer-level wavefront errors at spatial frequencies limited only by the pixel count of the sampling detector using a simple, inexpensive method. The system is based on the Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS) that implements the phase-contrast technique whereby the DC portion of an optical wavefront is phase-shifted with respect to its higher spatial frequency components. In our demonstration, a highly repeatable deformable mirror is used to introduce phase variations into an optical path. We readily sense 60 pm RMS changes in wavefront errors with the ZWFS system with measurement repeatability on the order of 0.6 pm. This technique is an enabling technology for future astronomy missions; however, there are widespread applications to many other fields requiring high-precision interferometry.
Abstract 1266: Mutant IDH1 alters epigenetic regulation to promote stemness in low grade glioma: Deciphering signaling pathways altered by mIDH1 inhibition

Greater than 75% of Low Grade Gliomas (LGG) harbor a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and this molecular subgroup also exhibits mutations in TP53 and ATRX. Mutant IDH1 often recurs and presents with a more aggressive phenotype that is refractory to existing therapies. The production of an oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate by mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) has been shown to induce histone and DNA hypermethylation. Pharmacological inhibition of mIDH1 (AGI-5198) can restore expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. We hypothesize that mIDH1 remodels chromatin to promote a stem cell-like transcriptional state. Recent single cell RNA-seq data from primary mIDH1 astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma has identified an undifferentiated pool of tumor cells with a neural stem/progenitor transcriptional profile. We aim to identify unique regulatory networks in SF10602, a human primary glioma culture derived from a surgical biopsy, which endogenously expresses mIDH1.We treated SF10602 with AGI-5198 every 2 days for 1 week. We observed a global reduction in histone marks: H3K4me3, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3. This reversibility of histone hypermethylation has previously been described in mIDH1 tumor lines treated with mIDH1 inhibitors that block 2HG production. We confirmed that mIDH1 inhibition reduced 2HG levels by collecting condition media and performing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We performed a temporal micrococcal nuclease (Mnase) digestion to assess chromatin accessibility and we observed enhanced chromatin condensation following mIDH1 inhibition. To evaluate if the reversion of chromatin organization resulting from mIDH1 inhibition impacts neural differentiation pathways we performed RNA-seq. We identified 496 differentially up-regulated and 893 down-regulated genes (log2>+/-0.6) comparing SF10602 with/out AGI-5198. Following gene set enrichment analysis, we observed upregulation of pathways involved in epigenetic regulation, DNA conformation and neuronal development. Additionally, we observed downregulation of pathways involved in cell polarity and transcription factor activity. In future work, we will perform ChIP-seq to define enhancers and promoters that regulate stem cell-like characteristics. These findings will reveal novel genomic loci unique to mIDH1 glioma. SC is supported by the T32 Cancer Biology Training Grant, the work is supported by grants from NIH/NINDS to MGC and PRL. Citation Format: Stephen Carney, Brandon Zhu, Padma Kadiyala, Maria Garcia-Fabiani, Preethi Gorla, Felipe Nunez, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria G. Castro. Mutant IDH1 alters epigenetic regulation to promote stemness in low grade glioma: Deciphering signaling pathways altered by mIDH1 inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1266.
In the eye of the beholder: a patient with catatonia found to have progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus. (P6.341)

Objective: N/A Background: The phenotypic descriptions of patients with catatonia and stiff person syndrome (SPS) and its variant progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) overlap considerably. Design/Methods: N/A Results: A 55 year-old African-American woman with intellectual disability and vitiligo presented with angry outbursts to an outside hospital. She was not taking medication prior to evaluation, and she underwent one month psychiatric hospitalization for new diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder and was started on Depakote DR 500 mg BID, Duloxetine 30 mg daily, Quetiapine 300 mg nightly, trazadone 50 mg, Carbamazepine 100 mg BID, and later Cogentin 1 mg BID was added given her progressive rigidity. During this hospitalization, she had progressive decline occurring over days, worsening to the point that she became bedbound and was unable to swallow safely. Her care was transferred to Rush University Medical Center. Her neurologic examination was notable for encephalopathy, dysarthria, profound axial and limb rigidity, and polyminimyoclonus in the jaw and distal aspects of her extremities. Psychiatry diagnosed her with catatonia of unspecified etiology. PEG was placed for dysphagia. Lumbar puncture revealed 1/uL white blood cells (67% lymphocytes, 22% monocytes, 3% eosinophils), 59/uL red blood cells, glucose 54 mg/dL, protein 30 mg/dL, and no oligoclonal bands were identified. Serum glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibody (GAD 65 ab) performed using ELISA returned elevated in the serum at >250 IU/ml (reference range Conclusions: PERM is a potential organic etiology of catatonia which may be overlooked if not considered. Disclosure: Dr. Witek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gera has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hebert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Comella has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Merz Pharmaceutical, Revance Therapeutic, Retrophin Therapeutic. She receives compensation/honoraria for services as a consultant or an advisory committee member: Acorda Therapeutics, Allergan, Inc;; Lundbeck Ltd.;Medtronic Inc.; Merz Pharmaceuticals;Acadia Pharmaceuticals; Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., Revance Therapeutic. She receives royalties from Cambridge, Wolters Kluwer. .
Diffusion interactions between crossing fibers of the brain.

Purpose Recent observations of several preferred orientations of diffusion in deep white matter may indicate either (a) that axons in different directions are independently bundled in thick sheets and function noninteractively, or more interestingly, (b) that the axons are closely interwoven and would exhibit branching and sharp turns. This study aims to investigate whether the dependence of dMRI Q-ball signal on the interpulse time Δ can decode the smaller-than-voxel-size brain structure, in particular, to distinguish scenarios (a) and (b). Methods High-resolution Q-ball images of a healthy brain taken with b = 8000 s/mm2 for 3 different values of Δ were analyzed. The exchange of water molecules between crossing fibers was characterized by the fourth Fourier coefficient f 4 ( Δ ) of the signal profile in the plane of crossing. To interpret the empirical results, a model consisting of differently oriented parallel sheets of cylinders was developed. Diffusion of water molecules inside and outside cylinders was simulated by the Monte Carlo method. Results Simulations predict that f 4 ( Δ ) , agreeing with the empirical results, must increase with Δ for large b-values, but may peak at a typical Δ that depends on the thickness of the cylinder sheets for intermediate b-values. Thus, the thickness of axon layers in voxels with 2 predominant orientations can be detected from empirical f 4 ( Δ ) taken at smaller b-values. Conclusion Based on the simulation results, recommendations are made on how to design a dMRI experiment with optimal b-value and range of Δ in order to measure the thickness of axon sheets in the white matter, hence to distinguish (a) and (b).
Effect of robotic exoskeleton gait training during acute stroke on functional ambulation.

Background Stroke is a leading cause of disability resulting in long-term functional ambulation deficits. Conventional therapy can improve ambulation, but may not be able to provide consistent, high dose repetition of movement, resulting in variable recovery with residual gait deviations. Objective The objective of this preliminary prospective investigation is to evaluate the ability of a robotic exoskeleton (RE) to provide high dose gait training, and measure the resulting therapeutic effect on functional ambulation in adults with acute stroke. Methods Participants (n = 14) received standard of care (SOC) and RE overground gait training during their scheduled physical therapy (PT) sessions at the same inpatient rehabilitation facility. The outcome measures included distance walked during their PT training sessions (RE and SOC), and functional ambulation measures (10-meter walk test (10MWT), 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), and timed up and go (TUG)). Results The average total distance walked during RE and the average distance per RE session was significantly higher than SOC sessions. Total walking distance during PT (RE+SOC) showed a strong positive correlation to the total number of steps during RE sessions and number of RE sessions. All functional ambulation measures showed significant improvement at follow-up compared to baseline. The improvement in functional ambulation measures showed a positive correlation with the increase in number of RE gait training sessions. Conclusion The RE can be utilized for inpatient rehabilitation in conjunction with SOC gait training sessions and may result in improved functional ambulation in adults with acute stroke. This preliminary research provides information on the ability of the robotic exoskeleton to provide high dose therapy and its therapeutic effect on functional ambulation in adults with acute stroke during inpatient rehabilitation.
Does surgical observed structured clinical exam (OSCE) predict clerkship grade, shelf exam scores, and preceptor clinical evaluation?

Abstract Background Clinical evaluation of medical student performance has been criticized as variable and subjective. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of a summative surgical OSCE exam to clinical faculty evaluations as well as surgery shelf exam score and final grades. Methods The performance of 392 students who completed the surgical clerkship between 2017 and 2019 was assessed via Pearson Coefficients comparing OSCE grades, clinical evaluations of Medical Knowledge and Patient Care, Communication and Professionalism, the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) shelf surgical subject exam, and final clerkship grade. Results Results demonstrate a statistically significant positive relationship between the OSCE, Shelf score and grade, final clerkship grade, and all clinical evaluations except Communication skills. The greatest correlation occurred between OSCE and shelf scores and grades. Although significant, the degree of correlation with clinical observation was significantly less. Conclusion This study demonstrates that a surgical OSCE has a small positive correlation with clinical knowledge as measured by the NBME shelf exam. There is also an equal correlation with medical knowledge standards, with the OSCE better predicting NBME shelf outcome. This lower correlation to clinical assessment suggests that either the clinical grades contain elements not detected on an OSCE exam but could also support the hypothesis that variability in clinical grades do contain a significant degree of subjectivity.
Trajectories of Obesity and Overweight Rates Among Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the trajectories of obesity/overweight rates by age group among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from diagnosis through several years post-therapy. DESIGN Longitudinal, descriptive. SETTING Hematology/oncology clinic in the southwestern United States. SAMPLE 62 child and adolescent ALL survivors receiving treatment and follow-up care from 1999-2013. METHODS Retrospective chart review of height, weight, and body mass index. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Annual obesity/overweight rates and developmental age groups. FINDINGS Different trajectories of obesity/overweight rates existed among age groups. Forty-seven percent of adolescents met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for obesity/overweight status at some point following diagnosis, compared to 68% of school-age and 73% of preschool children. Preschool children demonstrated the most rapid rate increase following diagnosis, with a particularly susceptible period in the years immediately following therapy. Obesity/overweight persistence was most characteristic of school-age children. CONCLUSIONS Important variations in rate and pattern of weight status trajectories exist by age group, demonstrating that children diagnosed with ALL during the preschool and school-age developmental years have the greatest vulnerability of developing obesity/overweight status. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Obesity/overweight prevention efforts are greatly needed in children with ALL, and efforts should occur before ALL treatment completion in preschool and school-age children.
INTERACTIONS AMONG THE TRACE MINERALS

Embora existam pelo menos 50 interacoes conhecidas entre 27 elementos, muitas delas sao de pouca importância pratica para os criadores. Os animais que consomem dietas completas em sistemas de confinamento nao deveriam apresentar problemas metabolicos resultantes de interacao entre minerais, exceto em casos de acidentes de suplementacao, ou por contaminacao ou por erros na mistura dos ingredientes. Os ruminantes sob pastejo estao mais sujeitos aos sinais de intoxicacao ou de deficiencia, causados por interacoes entre minerais. Os problemas comuns como a interacao do molibdenio, cobre e enxofre sao bem conhecidos e apresentam uma extensa documentacao em termos de pesquisa. No entanto, o conhecimento de um problema e sua aplicacao pratica nem sempre sao reciprocos. O consumo de quantidades necessarias de um determinado suplemento mineral nao pode ser assegurado a todos os individuos de um rebanho em pastejo e, consequentemente, os problemas advindos de interacoes sao ainda observados em condicoes de campo. A enfase corrente na literatura cientifica sobre producao animal nos Estados Unidos no tocante a interacoes minerais-traco tem levado em conta o efeito da enzima fitase e o fosforo orgânico na utilizacao do ferro, zinco e cobre. Experimentos que investigam a interacao entre cobre e molibdenio tem sido tambem relatados nos ultimos anos. E provavel que, futuramente, a maior parte das pesquisas com minerais esteja direcionada para as funcoes metabolicas de elementos, com auxilio de tecnicas da biologia molecular, em detrimento de ensaios de alimentacao com animais. Presume-se que os ensaios simples de alimentacao que unicamente avaliam crescimento e conversao alimentar vao se tornar atividades superadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Minerais-traco, alimentacao, rebanho.
Being Muslim the Bosnian Way: Ideology and Community in a Central Bosnian Village

Being Muslim the Bosnian Way: Ideology and Community in. Central Bosnian Village. Tone Bringa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.281 pp.
Utilizing New Communication Features in Compiliation for Private-Memory Machines

The communication system of some 3rd generation private-memory machines provides long-lived connections (which reserve communication resources like buffers between nodes) as well as direct access by the computation unit(s) of the node to the communication system. These features allow a compiler to find innovative solutions when compiling data-parallel programs for a private-memory machine. In this paper, we discuss some optimizations that can be included in a compiler for the iWarp system, an example private-memory parallel system with a novel communication architecture.
Utilization and Benefits of Expert Systems in Manufacturing

An analysis of survey data collected from a sample of 98 Fortune 500 industrial companies reveals that expert systems (ESs) are utilized in manufacturing by 52 per cent of the companies, among which ESs are perceived to be more useful in process planning, product design, layout, facility design and maintenance; and less useful in forecasting production demand and reducing accidents/ safety hazards. Some suggestions are offered on integrating ESs with simulation and logistical knowledge, and involving top management in ES development projects to maximize the pay‐off of utilizing ESs in manufacturing.
Best Practices of Library Mobile Website Design: A Literature Review

This article is intended to serve as a guide for librarians developing mobile Websites to be linked to their current library Website. Kroski (2008a) defines the mobile Web as “the World Wide Web accessed through a mobile device, ranging from a cellular phone to an iPod Touch. It includes the entirety of the Web and is not limited to Websites that are specifically designed for mobile viewing” (5). This literature review focuses on the mobile Web, mobile device usage, and best practices for designing mobile Websites for libraries.
Fuzzy controller for the exciter of a salient-pole synchronous generator

Fuzzy controllers have been applied to wide variety of situations. One area that is being considered for the implementation of fuzzy controllers is the control of power systems. Since power systems are quite complex and often hard to accurately model, they seem suited for the use of fuzzy controllers. This application demonstrates the design of a fuzzy controller to be used to regulate the reactive power generation of a salient-pole synchronous machine. As the real power output of the generator is adjusted to meet the load, the exciter setting is adjusted accordingly by the fuzzy controller to maintain the amount of reactive power being supplied by the generator. Computer simulations were used to test the response of the fuzzy controller to step changes in load. The fuzzy controller produced good results in each case. >
Vesicular Neurotransmitter Transporters

Quantal release of neurotransmitters through exocytosis of synaptic vesicles is the primary mechanism for information transfer in the nervous system. Because classical neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytoplasm, vesicular uptake of neurotransmitters is required for their vesicular release. The molecular identities of the proteins that mediate vesicular neurotransmitter transport activities have been determined. This article reviews the molecular and functional properties of the cloned transporters: the VMATs, VAChT, VGAT/VIAAT, and the VGLUTs. In addition, the vacuolar H+-adenosine triphosphatase, which generates the proton electrochemical gradient that drives uptake mediated by the transporters, is discussed, as are other transporters present on synaptic vesicles.