cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Interprofessional Socialization and Collaboration to Nurses Transitioning Into Critical Care

Abstract Background This research explored the effectiveness of two education strategies to promote interprofessional socialization and collaboration of new graduate nurses. Method A convergent parallel mixed-methods design addressed the study questions. A nonprobability, purposive convenience sample of new graduate nurses hired into either the telemetry or critical-care nurse internship (n = 57) participated. Results Change in interprofessional attributes of values/socialization and competency attainment from pre-test to post-test scores was noted. Qualitative themes emerged as Humanizing Communication and Feeling Safe with Interprofessional Rounding. Conclusions Online modules and simulation-based education offered exposure to becoming a member of an interprofessional health care team.
Bottom-Up Resource and Cost Estimation for Restoration of Supply Chain Interdependent Critical Infrastructure

Extreme events can damage or destroy multiple supply chain interdependent critical infrastructures elements. Although much research has focused on developing efficient restoration strategies, and/o...
Functionality and efficacy of Franklin Robotics’ Tertill™ robotic weeder

Agricultural weeds remain an important production constraint, with labor shortages and a lack of new herbicide options in recent decades making the problem even more acute. Robotic weeding machines are a possible solution to these increasingly intractable weed problems. Franklin Robotics' Tertill™ is an autonomous weeding robot designed for home gardeners that relies on a minimalistic design to be cost-effective. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ability of the Tertill to control broadleaf and grass weeds, and based on early observations, experiments were conducted with and without its string-trimmer–like weeding implement. Tertill demonstrated high weed-control efficacy, supporting its utility as a tool for home gardeners. Weeds were best controlled by the combined effect of soil disturbance caused by the action of the robot's wheels and the actuation of the string trimmer. Despite the regrowth potential of an annual grass due to its meristem location, Tertill maintained low densities of millet in an experimental arena. The simple and effective design of the Tertill may offer insights to inform future development of farm-scale weeding robots. Weed density, emergence periodicity, robot working rate, and robotic weeding mechanisms are important design criteria regardless of the technology used for plant detection.Nomenclature: Pearl millet; Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Causal Feature Selection with Dimension Reduction for Interpretable Text Classification.

Text features that are correlated with class labels, but do not directly cause them, are sometimesuseful for prediction, but they may not be insightful. As an alternative to traditional correlation-basedfeature selection, causal inference could reveal more principled, meaningful relationships betweentext features and labels. To help researchers gain insight into text data, e.g. for social scienceapplications, in this paper we investigate a class of matching-based causal inference methods fortext feature selection. Features used in document classification are often high dimensional, howeverexisting causal feature selection methods use Propensity Score Matching (PSM) which is known to beless effective in high-dimensional spaces. We propose a new causal feature selection framework thatcombines dimension reduction with causal inference to improve text feature selection. Experiments onboth synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the promise of our methods in improving classificationand enhancing interpretability.
Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions for a Metascreen—A Fishnet Metasurface

We used a multiple-scale homogenization method to derive generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) for electromagnetic fields at the surface of a metascreen—a metasurface with a “fishnet” structure. These surfaces are characterized by periodically spaced arbitrary-shaped apertures in an otherwise relatively impenetrable surface. The parameters in these GSTCs are interpreted as effective surface susceptibilities and surface porosities, which are related to the geometry of the apertures that constitute the metascreen. We emphasize the subtle but important difference between the GSTCs required for metascreens and those required for metafilms [a metasurface with a “cermet” structure, i.e., an array of isolated (nontouching) scatterers]. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of the surface parameters derived here by comparing results for metascreens composed of either circular or square apertures with those of other approaches.
Use of Telemedicine for the Physical Examination of Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Background The Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are among the most prevalent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders. The diagnosis is based on assessment of prenatal alcohol exposure, specific physical features identified with a dysmorphology examination, and neurobehavioral assessment. Prompt diagnosis of affected children is necessary to provide early intervention services in a timely manner; however, the availability of diagnostic expertise is limited. We propose telemedicine as a valid and reliable mode by which the physical phenotype of FASD can be accurately assessed METHODS: We compared face to face (F2F) physical examinations of the 3 key facial features and the resulting physical phenotype of the Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (pFAS), as well as 12 additional physical features seen more frequently in children with FAS than in the general population in 61 individuals with two different telemedicine (TM) methods. These included Zoom secure connection system (ZOOM), using a smart phone and a tablet Transportable Examination Station (TES) system using a precision camera and a laptop. We measured the percentages of agreement and the Cohen's K coefficient for each comparison. Results Agreements for most physical features and for the physical phenotype of FAS and pFAS were in the "almost perfect" range with some exceptions in the "substantial" range. Imprecision in measurement and subjectivity underlie lower agreement for some features, both F2F and using TM. We identified the optimal conditions for the F2F examinations in order to assure reliability using TM. Conclusions Telemedicine is a valid and reliable method for the examination of the physical features of FAS, that may contribute to greater access to an early diagnosis of FASD in children prenatally exposed to alcohol and/or with characteristic neurobehavioral deficits.
Gα13 loss promotes tumor progression in the KPC transgenic mouse model of advanced pancreatic cancer

Gα13 transduces signals from G protein-coupled receptors. Gα13 is pro-tumorigenic in epithelial cancer cell lines, which contrasts with its tumor-suppressive function in transgenic mouse models of lymphomas. Here we show that while loss of Gα13 in pancreatic cell lines decreases tumor growth in vivo, Gα13 loss in the Kras-driven (KC) mouse model of pancreatic tumor initiation does not affect tumor development or survival. Instead, Gα13 loss in the Kras/Tp53 (KPC) transgenic mouse model of advanced pancreatic cancer promotes well-differentiated tumors with increased tumor burden and reduced survival. Mechanistically, Gα13 loss in the KPC mouse model enhances E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell junctions and mTOR signaling. Importantly, human pancreatic cancers with low Gα13 expression exhibit increased E-cadherin protein expression and mTOR signaling. This work establishes a context-dependent role of Gα13 in pancreatic tumorigenesis, demonstrating a tumor-suppressive role in transgenic mouse models of advanced pancreatic cancer.
Against Seminal Principles: Ethics, Hubris, and Lessons to Learn From Illicit Inseminations

This short essay addresses the ethical implications of illicit inseminations, instances of fertility fraud in which a physician uses his own gametes to impregnate a patient.
The impact of MYC gene amplification on the clinicopathological features and prognosis of radiation-associated angiosarcomas of the breast

Aims Radiation-associated angiosarcomas (RT-ASs) of the breast are rare tumours with a poor prognosis. MYC gene amplification is considered to be the hallmark of RT-AS, and is sometimes used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish it from other radiation-associated vascular lesions. However, a small subset of RT-ASs lacks MYC amplification, and this may be associated with better outcome. Loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been recently postulated as an additional diagnostic marker for RT-AS. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of MYC amplification as detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and/or next-generation sequencing on clinicopathological features and outcome in a large cohort of RT-ASs, compare outcome with those of radiation-associated sarcomas (RT-Ss) of the breast other than angiosarcoma, and evaluate expression of H3K27me3 IHC in these groups. Methods and results Eighty-one RT-ASs were identified, including 73 that were MYC-amplified and 8 (10%) that were MYC-non-amplified. MYC-amplified RT-ASs were diagnosed in older patients (median age, 69 years versus 61 years). The 5-year disease-specific survival and 5-year overall survival rates were 56% and 47%, respectively. Older age, larger tumour size, positive margin and MYC amplification were associated with worse prognosis. None of the RT-ASs showed complete loss of H3K27me3 IHC expression. All 18 RT-Ss were MYC-non-amplified, and complete loss of H3K27me3 expression was seen in 2 cases. We found no difference in prognosis between RT-AS and RT-S. Conclusions RT-AS of the breast is associated with a poor prognosis. Older age at diagnosis, larger tumour size, positive margin at excision and MYC amplification are associated with worse prognosis.
Impersonating Animals: Rhetoric, Ecofeminism, and Animal Rights Law

Given the growing interest in animality, posthumanism, intersectional ecofeminism, and food studies in and beyond rhetorical studies, S. Marek Muller’s Impersonating Animals is timely. What Muller ...
Laparoscopic Repair of a Colo-Ovarian Fistula.

Objective To demonstrate a laparoscopic approach to managing a colo-ovarian fistula. Design Narrated video outlining surgical technique. Setting Colo-ovarian fistulas are a rare entity with a lack of systematized evidence to guide surgical treatment.1-3 Available case reports describe open en-bloc resection of the colon and adnexal organs with colorectal anastomosis.3 We present a case of a colo-ovarian fistula managed laparoscopically with discoid resection of the fistulous tract, a technique used for rectosigmoid endometriosis.4 Intervention A 51-year-old G0 presented with fevers, leukocytosis, and CT imaging showing a peripherally-enhancing adnexal complex highly suspicious for tubo-ovarian abscess that was refractory to antibiotics and interventional-radiology guided drainage. The patient elected for definitive surgery with hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and indicated procedures. Preoperatively, there was no evidence of gastrointestinal tract involvement but intraoperatively, a colo-ovarian fistula was discovered. General surgery was consulted for en-bloc resection, but given the small size of the fistula and absence of acute inflammation, a discoid resection was deemed a possible alternative. This video highlights: 1. Lysis of adhesions to restore normal anatomy 2. Identification of avascular spaces to secure uterine arteries at the origin 3. Excision of the fistula with an advanced bipolar device enabling surgeon control of energy dispersed prior to cutting 4. Two-layer closure reapproximating bowel with bubble-test to ensure airtight repair Postoperatively, there were no complications. The final pathology confirmed tubo-ovarian abscess, endometriosis, and a fistulous tract. Conclusion Colo-ovarian fistulas are rare with little to guide surgical treatment. This video demonstrates a laparoscopic alternative to open en-bloc resection of the colon and adnexa.
A history of the treatment of non-union of fractures in the 19th century, in the United States.

During the 19th century the treatment of non-union of fractures in the United States progressed from the insertion of a seton (first performed in 1802) and either externally or internally applied caustics or other irritants designed to stimulate the formation of callus, to the modern treatment using bone grafts at the end of the century. Successful ambulatory treatment wearing a brace or "artificial limb"—the forerunner of the cast-brace—was described in 1855.
Fundamental properties of chiral type media

Electromagnetic properties of chiral and nonreciprocal composite chiral-ferrite media are described in terms of reaction theorems, vector Helmholtz equations, and dyadic functions. Chiral media are examined first, and then a composite medium having both chiral and ferrite properties is considered. The chiral part of the medium is chosen to have a complex activity coefficient, and this is shown to suggest nonreciprocity. In itself, the ferrite part of the medium is nonreciprocal. >
The effects of cancer and racial disparities in health-related quality of life among older Americans: a case-control, population-based study.

BACKGROUND Understanding the impact of the cancer care system on racial/ethnic disparities in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is increasingly important as the number of cancer survivors in the United States grows. The authors prospectively assessed changes in HRQOL before and after a first cancer diagnosis among non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), African Americans (AAs), Hispanics, and Asians in a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with and without cancer. METHODS Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results linked with the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey were used to identify 1778 individuals aged ≥65 years with prostate, breast, or colorectal cancer from 1998 to 2007. The Medical Outcomes Trust Short Form 36 (SF-36) instrument was used to measure HRQOL. By using propensity scores, each patient with cancer (case) was matched to 5 individuals without cancer (noncancer controls), and differences in HRQOL according to race/ethnicity were assessed. Mixed effects analysis of covariance models was used to assess differences in HRQOL, adjusting for baseline HRQOL, demographics, and self-reported comorbid conditions while controlling for each individual's managed care plan. Stratified analyses were used to assess racial/ethnic disparities between cases and noncancer controls. RESULTS Before cancer diagnosis, NHWs had better HRQOL scores than AAs and Hispanics on the Role-Physical and Role-Emotional SF-36 subscales. Cancer diagnosis/treatment negatively impacted individuals' lives regardless of race/ethnicity. However, among cases, gaps between racial/ethnic groups narrowed (compared with controls) before and after cancer diagnosis for some SF-36 HRQOL measures. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic HRQOL gaps exist among cancer survivors but may narrow because of exposure to the cancer care system. Further research to understand why this occurs will help inform initiatives to manage the impact of cancer on HRQOL among elderly cancer survivors. Cancer 2015;121:1312–1320. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The Impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on IT Project Management: A Case Study

In 2002, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed into law requiring all U.S. based, publicly traded companies to report on the status of their internal controls governing the reporting of financial information. Because of the close relationship between financial reporting and IT, the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act has also greatly impacted IT Governance and the way IT projects are managed. This study is investigating the impact of SOX on IT Project Management within a large corporation. The study is evaluating three areas of impact: 1) The introduction and formalization of internal controls as defined by the COBIT framework, 2) The positive and negative effects on IT project implementation, and 3) The additional costs to an IT project to maintain compliance to the SOX requirement. In addition, the study also considers if the introduction of internal controls has impacted the organization’s development maturity when evaluated against standard maturity models.
Measurement of Activation through Self-Report

While activation has proved to be a very useful concept in understanding behavior, theoretical and practical problems concerning physiological measurement have reduced its utility. Controlled self-report is suggested as an alternative measurement form, and data from several studies are presented indicating the validity of the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List (AD-ACL), an objective self-report measure of transient levels of activation. Factor analytic studies yielded four AD-ACL factors representing different points on a hypothetical continuum. These factors correlated substantially with physiological variables and reflected significant activation changes as predicted from diurnal sleep-wakefulness variations and from an impending college examination. The relative merits of self-report and individual peripheral physiological measures in the assessment of activation are discussed.
The sweetness and bitterness of childhood: Insights from basic research on taste preferences

In this article, we review findings from basic, experimental research on children that suggest that the liking of sweet and the dislike of bitter tastes reflect children's basic biology. Children are born preferring sweet tastes, which attract them to mother's milk and even act as an analgesic. They prefer higher levels of sweet than do adults, with preferences declining to adult levels during middle to late adolescence, which coincides with the cessation of physical growth. The level of sweetness most preferred by children has remained heightened relative to adults for nearly a decade, despite reductions in sugar, both consumed and in the food environment. In spite of these reductions, however, children's intake of sugar remains higher than that recommended by health organizations worldwide. In contrast to sweet taste, children dislike and reject bitter taste, which protects them from ingesting poisons. Although variation in bitter taste receptor genes such as TAS2R38 accounts for people's marked differences in perceptions of the same bitter-tasting compounds, basic research revealed that these genotype-phenotype relationships are modified with age, with children of the same genotype being more bitter sensitive than adults and the changeover occurring during mid-adolescence. This heightened bitter sensitivity is also evident in the taste of the foods (green vegetables) or medicines (liquid formulations of drugs) they dislike and reject. While bitter taste can be masked or blocked to varying degrees by sugars and salts, their efficacy in modulating bitterness is not only based on the type of bitter ligand but on the person's age. Children's heightened preference for sweet and dislike of bitter, though often detrimental in the modern food environment, reflects their basic biology. Increasing knowledge of individual variation in taste due to both age and genetics will shed light on potential strategies to promote healthier eating since chronic diseases derive in large part from poor food choice dictated by taste preferences, and will contribute to a new era of drug formulations designed especially for the taste palate of children.
Magnetic Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications

The sections in this article are Introduction The Aim of the Chapter The Role of Nanomaterials in Environmental Detection Synthesis and Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Synthetic Strategies for Magnetic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Coprecipitation Thermal Decomposition Other Synthetic Methods Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Organic Ligand Modification Stabilization with Polymers Inorganic Stabilization with Silica or Carbon Less Common Methods of Passivation Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Separation and Detection of Analytes Chemical Separations with Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles High Magnetic Field Gradient Separation and Preconcentration Electrochemical Detection Enhanced by Magnetic Nanomaterials for Preconcentration Analyte Detection Using Magnetic Nanoparticles through Nonelectrochemical Methods Summary and Future Perspective Acknowledgments Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles; synthesis; heavy metals; remediation; separation
Benefits of Stroke Treatment Using a Mobile Stroke Unit Compared With Standard Management The BEST-MSU Study Run-In Phase

Background and Purpose—Faster treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is likely to improve outcomes. Optimizing prehospital triage by mobile stroke units (MSUs) may speed treatment times. The Benefits of Stroke Treatment Delivered Using a Mobile Stroke Unit (BEST-MSU) study was launched in May 2014 using the first MSU in the United States to compare stroke management using an MSU versus standard management (SM). Herein, we describe the results of the prespecified, nonrandomized run-in phase designed to obtain preliminary data on study logistics. Methods—The run-in phase consisted of 8 MSU weeks when all-patient care occurred on the MSU and 2 SM weeks when the MSU nurse met personnel on scene or at the emergency department to ensure comparability with MSU patients. Telemedicine was independently performed in 9 MSU cases. Results—Of 130 alerts, 24 MSU and 2 SM patients were enrolled. Twelve of 24 MSU patients received tPA on board; 4 were treated within 60 minutes of last seen nor...
Hippocampal but not astrocyte transplants enhance recovery on a forced choice alternation task after kainate lesions

Abstract In rats, intrahippocampal injections of kainate produced selective lesions of the CA3 pyramidal cells and a performance deficit on a forced-choice alternation task. Transplants of embryonic hippocampus significantly facilitated recovery on the alternation task whereas hippocampal transplants taken from adult donors showed a similar but non-significant trend in recovery. Previous data have shown that after frontal cortex ablation transplants of cultured astrocytes facilitated behavioral recovery. After hippocampal lesions however transplants of cultured astrocytes, either before or after kainate injections, did not facilitate recovery on the alternation task. Trophic activity produced by astrocytes did not appear to be sufficient to enhance the rate of recovery. Replacement of damage neurons may be required for the observed enhanced behavioral recovery.
Hybrid electrochemical/microfluidic monitors for trace heavy metals

We report on development of microscale sensing devices for toxic heavy metals. These sensors-on-a-chip feature coupling of a microfluidic channel system with sensitive electrochemical detection to analyze heavy metals in aqueous samples. We have demonstrated ppb level heavy metal detection and are currently working to address detection in multianalyte mixtures, using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Pb and Hg detection were facile and sensitive at this device, using a gold microband electrode and exploiting the hydrodynamic features of the device to facilitate preconcentration. Metals could be easily detected in the presence of large nitrate and acid backgrounds, e.g., 0.1 M nitric acid and in the presence of oxygen.
Concepts for collection of aerosols in Titan's atmosphere

This paper considers design of instruments for collection of aerosols during entry in Titan's atmosphere. Major constraints on designs are small sample collection time, low aerosol column density, and the need to collect 1-10 micrograms of aerosol for gas chromatographic analysis. Thus, it is important to maximize aerosol collection through collector design, which includes consideration of various types of collectors, and maximizing the collection efficiency of a given type of collector. Sampling systems discussed include inertial impactors, filters, electrostatic devices, and multistage instruments. Aerosol sampling is reviewed in the context of high-altitude (200-70 km) and low-altitude (60-30 km) regions of Titan's atmosphere.
RADIO EVIDENCE FOR SOLAR CORPUSCULAR EMISSION

Abstract : This paper reviews the relation of solar radio bursts of spectral type IV to the ejection of relativistic and sub-relativistic solar particles; the relation of bursts of types II and IV to the ejection of solar plasma; and radar evidence for quiet solar streaming. Ejection of relativistic and sub- relativistic particles by flares is virtually always accompanied by type-IV radio bursts. The minimum Sun-Earth travel time for these particles is about 20 min. Ejection of plasma from flares accompanied by bursts of types II and IV is considered in terms of subsequent geomagnetic effects. Type IV bursts are highly associated with geomagnetic storms and type II bursts have a small but significant association. The Sun-Earth travel time for the storm plasma is generally 36-48 hr. Type II Bursts may possibly be identified with passage through the corona of a large amplitude shock wave, which then propagates outwards through the interplanetary plasma, causing a geomagnetic sudden commencement when it reaches the earth. The presence of type IV radiation may be indicative of the amount of material transported behind the shock front. Radar observations of the solar corona indicate that at a height of approximately 350, 000 km above the photosphere there is a net outward flow of matter at a velocity of about 16 km/sec. This velocity is consistent with Parker's hydrodynamic theory, for coronal temperatures of the order of 10 to the 6th power degrees K.
Detection of femtomole and sub-femtomole levels of peptides by tandem magnetic sector/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization

This article describes results of low-level (sub-femtomole) detection of peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization method can be used for low-level detection of the parent ion, either [M + H]+ or [M + Na]+, and collision-induced dissociation of the parent ion can be performed at the picomole level. The instrument used for these studies is a novel high-performance magnetic sector (electric(E)/magnetic(B) sector)/reflectron time-of-flight (TOP) tandem mass spectrometer (EB/TOF).
Functional characterization of peripheral muscarinic subtypes in anesthetized cats

Abstract This investigation was undertaken to characterize the muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in methacholine-induced vasodilation, vagal bradycardia, neurally-evoked sudomotor responses and sympathetic muscarinic ganglionic transmission in anesthetized cats. Dose-response curves were constructed using the putatively selective antagonists pirenzepine (M 1 ), gallamine (M 2 ) and 4-DAMP (M 3 : 4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methylpiperidine) and compared with the non-selective blocker, atropine. Methacholine hypotension and evoked sudomotor responses exhibited an M 3 muscarinic receptor profile with the following potency relationships: atropine >- 4-DAMP > pirenzepine ⪢ gallamine. Vagal bradycardia (M 2 ) was antagonized by gallamine and exhibited a lower relative sensitivity to 4-DAMP when corrected for atropine effect. Pirenzepine was inactive in inhibition of bradycardia but was highly potent against transmission in the sympathetic ganglion (M 1 ) with the following potency relationships: atropine >- pirenzepine > 4-DAMP ⪢ gallamine. In comparison with atropine, 4-DAMP exhibited a significantly lower potency for M 1 and M 2 muscarinic receptors as compared to its effect on the M 3 muscarinic receptor subtypes.
Grain-boundary sliding and separation in polycrystalline metals: application to nanocrystalline fcc metals

Abstract In order to model the effects of grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials we have coupled a crystal-plasticity model for the grain interiors with a new elastic–plastic grain-boundary interface model which accounts for both reversible elastic, as well irreversible inelastic sliding-separation deformations at the grain boundaries prior to failure. We have used this new computational capability to study the deformation and fracture response of nanocrystalline nickel. The results from the simulations reflect the macroscopic experimentally observed tensile stress–strain curves, and the dominant microstructural fracture mechanisms in this material. The macroscopically observed nonlinearity in the stress–strain response is mainly due to the inelastic response of the grain boundaries. Plastic deformation in the interior of the grains prior to the formation of grain-boundary cracks was rarely observed. The stress concentrations at the tips of the distributed grain-boundary cracks, and at grain-boundary triple junctions, cause a limited amount of plastic deformation in the high-strength grain interiors. The competition of grain-boundary deformation with that in the grain interiors determines the observed macroscopic stress–strain response, and the overall ductility. In nanocrystalline nickel, the high-yield strength of the grain interiors and relatively weaker grain-boundary interfaces account for the low ductility of this material in tension.
Requirements for the Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Translocation of Infected-Cell Protein 0 of Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Earlier studies have shown that wild-type infected-cell protein 0 (ICP0), a key herpes simplex virus regulatory protein, translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts within several hours after infection (Y. Kawaguchi, R. Bruni, and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 71:1019-1024, 1997). Translocation of ICP0 was also observed in cells infected with the d120 mutant, in which both copies of the gene encoding ICP4, the major regulatory protein, had been deleted (V. Galvan, R. Brandimarti, J. Munger, and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 74:1931-1938, 2000). Furthermore, a mutant (R7914) carrying the D199A substitution in ICP0 does not bind or stabilize cyclin D3 and is retained in the nucleus (C. Van Sant, P. Lopez, S. J. Advani, and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 75:1888-1898, 2001). Studies designed to elucidate the requirements for the translocation of ICP0 between cellular compartments revealed the following. (i) Translocation of ICP0 to the cytoplasm in productive infection maps to the D199 amino acid, inasmuch as wild-type ICP0 delivered in trans to cells infected with an ICP0 null mutant was translocated to the cytoplasm whereas the D199A-substituted mutant ICP0 was not. (ii) Translocation of wild-type ICP0 requires a function expressed late in infection, inasmuch as phosphonoacetate blocked the translocation of ICP0 in wild-type virus-infected cells but not in d120 mutant-infected cells. Moreover, whereas in d120 mutant-infected cells ICP0 was translocated rapidly from the cytoplasm to the nucleus at approximately 5 h after infection, the translocation of ICP0 in wild-type virus-infected cells extended from 5 to at least 9 h after infection. (iii) In wild-type virus-infected cells, the MG132 proteasomal inhibitor blocked the translocation of ICP0 to the cytoplasm early in infection, but when added late in infection, it caused ICP0 to be relocated back to the nucleus from the cytoplasm. (iv) MG132 blocked the translocation of ICP0 in d120 mutant-infected cells early in infection but had no effect on the ICP0 aggregated in vesicle-like structures late in infection. However, in d120 mutant-infected cells treated with MG132 at late times, proteasomes formed a shell-like structure around the aggregated ICP0. These structures were not seen in wild-type virus or R7914 mutant-infected cells. The results indicate the following. (i) In the absence of beta or gamma protein synthesis, ICP0 dynamically associates with proteasomes and is translocated to the cytoplasm. (ii) In cells productively infected beyond alpha gene expression, ICP0 is retained in the nucleus until after the onset of viral DNA synthesis and the synthesis of gamma2 proteins. (iii) Late in infection, ICP0 is actively sequestered in the cytoplasm by a process mediated by proteasomes, inasmuch as interference with proteasomal function causes rapid relocation of ICP0 to the nucleus.
Mountains to Climb: Changing National Policy on College Athlete Pregnancy

Professional Issues Paper Presentation Background Nurses are committed to all aspects of women’s health. Although Title IX has prohibited pregnancy discrimination since 1976, discriminatory practices in college athletics continue to include removing pregnant athletes’ scholarships and athletic participation, requiring female athletes to sign statements that they will not get pregnant, and shaming pregnant athletes. These practices create unsafe health environments, which motivate pregnant college athletes to conceal their pregnancies and worse. In 2007 two college freshmen athletes killed their term infants after delivering in their dorm rooms.
Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) with mesenteric vein thrombosis(MVT) treated by direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt(DIPS) and mechanical thrombectomy

Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS) with mesenteric vein thrombosis(MVT) treated by direct intrahepatic portocaval shunt(DIPS) and mechanical thrombectomy
Development of a universal separator: Characterization of macromolecular and particulate material by aqueous and nonaqueous flow FFF at ambient and elevated operating temperatures

A flow field-flow fractionation (flow FFF) system was developed that has the unique ability to separate macromolecular and particulate material using aqueous or nonaqueous carrier liquids at ambient or elevated channel temperatures. This robust and highly versatile instrument has been used to separate sample components with a variety of carriers including THF, toluene, xylene, heptane, cyclohexane, isooctane, and water. The carrier is changed by simply flushing the channel with liquids of appropriate miscibility until the desired carrier is reached. The operating temperature is regulated by an oven that encloses the flow FFF channel. There are two main benefits of elevated temperatures in flow FFF: 1) an increase in solubility, permitting the analysis of samples that require high temperatures to dissolve; and 2) an enhancement in separation performance by the reduction in nonequilibrium band broadening due to the decrease in sample diffusivity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep10: 75–78, 1998
The Effect of Rate of Flow on Rate of Dyeing I– The Diffusional Boundary Layer in Dyeing*

An examination of the exact solutions that are available for problems in convective diffusion, i. e. diffusion to the surface of an object of simple geometrical shape immersed in a steadily flowing solution of uniform concentration, has shown that the major concentration changes produced in the solution, as a consequence of the absorption of the solute by the solid object, are located in a thin layer of liquid close to the surface of the object. This layer of liquid is known as the diffusional boundary layer and it is quite distinct from the hydrodynamic boundary layer. In principle, the thickness of this diffusional boundary layer can be calculated and it is across this layer that all the resistance to the passage of the solute from the solution to the solid object is located. The effect of stirring on the rate of dyeing arises primarily from the effect of the stirring on the thickness of the diffusional boundary layer. A simple theoretical treatment is given which reveals some of the important factors that influence the effect of the rate of flow on the rate of dyeing. This simple treatment is shown to agree with experiment.
Zinc-65 metabolism, secretion into milk, and biological half-life in lactating cows.

Abstract Following oral dosing, zinc-65 metabolism was studied in 10 first-lactation Holstein cows during the 5th and 6th wk of an experiment in which a high beet pulp, low-zinc diet (16.6ppm) was fed without and with (39.5ppm total zinc) supplemental zinc. For the 14 days after dosing, cows fed low zinc had a much higher net zinc-65 absorption (53.4 versus 34.8%) and consistently secreted far more zinc-65 into milk (14.4 versus 6.3%). The zinc secreted into milk of cows fed low zinc during the 14 days had been in the body a shorter time than in controls, indicating greater dependences on recently consumed zinc for secretion into milk. The biological halflife (in lactating ruminants defined as the time required for one-half of the zinc-65 dose to leave the body via feces and milk) was shorter for the cows fed low zinc. Lactating cows are able to absorb a high percentage of dietary zinc, and lactation is a major factor in zinc metabolism and homeostasis. Major changes in zinc metabolism occur before performance is affected.
Attitudes toward work in project groups as predictors of academic performance

The use of groups has become an integral part of management education as a mechanism to help students learn through interaction with others as well as to become accustomed to working in a group environment that emulates the work place. The present study examined the amountof time spentworkingas a group and individuals 'attitudes toward work ingroups, and how these may affect academic performance. Both the time involved in group work and attitudes toward group work explained significant amounts of variance in grade point average (GPA) beyond that due to background variables such as previous grade point average, standardized test scores, and work experience. Exploratory analyses using aggregate group GPA measure revealed differences in attitudes toward group work between high-performing and low-performing groups, with time involved in group work as the main predictor of group GPA.
High-Resolution 0.33–0.92 μm Spectra of Iapetus, Hyperion, Phoebe, Rhea, Dione, and D-Type Asteroids: How Are They Related?

New high-resolution spectra in the 0.33 to 0.92 μm range of Iapetus, Hyperion, Phoebe, Dione, Rhea, and three D-type asteroids were obtained on the Palomar 200-inch telescope and the double spectrograph. The spectra of Hyperion and the low-albedo hemisphere of Iapetus can both be closely matched by a simple model that is the linear admixture of the spectrum of a medium-sized, high-albedo icy saturnian satellite and D-type material. Our results support an exogenous origin to the dark material on Iapetus; furthermore, this material may share a common origin and a similar means of transport with material on the surface of Hyperion. The recently discovered retrograde satellites of Saturn (Gladman et al., Nature412, 163–166) may be the source of this material. The leading sides of Callisto and the Uranian satellites may be subjected to a similar alteration mechanism as that of Iapetus: accretion of low-albedo dust originating from outer retrograde satellites. Phoebe does not appear to be related to either Iapetus or Hyperion. Separate spectra of the two hemispheres of Phoebe show no identifiable global compositional differences.
Inactivation of f2 virus with ferrate (VI)

Disinfection of f2 virus with iron(VI) ferrate in buffered, distilled water and secondary treated sewage effluent has been studied. The relative resistance of f2 virus and Escherichia coli to iron(VI) ferrate has also been examined in buffered, distilled water. Potassium ferrate was found to rapidly inactivate f2 virus at low concentrations at pH = 6, 7 and 8 in pure water systems, and also in secondary effluent. The disinfection reactions observed did not follow first order reaction kinetics. f2 Virus appeared to be equally, or less resistant to potassium ferrate than were most bacteria, including E. coli, in buffered, distilled water at the pH values tested, and also in secondary effluent. Iron(VI) ferrate appears to be a good viricidal agent in raw water and wastewater.
Ghettos as tourism attractions

Abstract If increased historic preservation, restoration, and reconstruction reflects the maturation of America, they also reflect controversy over what is preserved, by whom, and to what ends. Using Little Italy as a case in point, this paper explores issues likely to arise and potential implications when urban areas depicting an ethnic or racial heritage are preserved for the purposes of tourism. That such areas were initially oppressive and restrictive ghettos portrayed by derogatory stereotypes of their residents, particularly poses the question of whether those images and the attitudes they stimulated are preserved, restored, or reconstructed along with material artifacts.
Race, School, and Seinfeld: Autoethnographic Sketching in Black and White.

Applying the Deluzoguattarian concept of the trace, this article explores interactions between a White teacher and his Black students and the way race is coconstructed therein. Using a short story by the Argentine mystery writer Jorge Luis Borges as a frame, the author connects the poststructural philosophy of the trace to current notions of postracial color blindness. His own experience, however, as demonstrated through autoethnographic sketches, is posited as experiential evidence that contests the chimerical nature of such color-blind claims. A caesura, rather than a conclusion, is reached through a gloss of an episode of the television series Seinfeld. The author believes this piece of pop culture demonstrates the tensions existing between the idealism of postracial color blindness and the realities of the trace.
On the New Edition of Schleiermacher's Addresses On Religion

Despite the interest and enthusiasm for nineteenth-century theology which has flourished among graduate students since the early fifties and the obvious need for its critical reappraisal in the light of contemporary philosophical and theological discussion, it is surprising how few serious scholars of the nineteenth-century have emerged from our graduate schools, how few scholarly works have been written, and, above all, how few textual resources exist to provide the basis for a reassessment by the English-speaking world. It is depressing to observe, for example, that most of the important theological and philosophical essays of Troeltsch, Herrmann, Ritschl, and the Roman Catholic Modernists are still untranslated, not to speak of major works of Strauss, Feuerbach, and Schleiermacher. That Schleiermacher's name must be included in such a list should occasion some surprise; not only was he the most important liberal theologian of the nineteenth century but he was still widely read and discussed even by those "neo-orthodox" theologians of the forties and fifties who otherwise
An explanation for the compass rose pattern

Abstract The compass rose pattern cannot be observed in daily returns in the spot foreign exchange (forex) market, but is observable when intraday forex returns are used. Monte Carlo simulations show that the pattern is visible only when the tick/volatility ratio is above some threshold level, a condition that is readily met with intraday returns.
Effects of selective diffusion on the stability of burner-stabilized premixed flames

The effects of selective diffusion, or multiple Lewis numbers, on the one-dimensional stability of an isobaric burner-stabilized premixed flame is investigated for arbitrary stoichiometry and reaction order in the asymptotic limit of large activation energy. Utilizing a global reaction model of the form νfF+νoO→νpP, the author has recently shown that, unlike most adiabatic flames, many burner-stabilized flames are unstable to arbitrarily small “normal mode” disturbances under easily achievable conditions. In particular, when certain parameters pass through critical values, the nontrivial steady-state solution undergoes a supercritical Hopf bifurcation to a pulsating, or time-oscillating, solution branch. In the present work, the previous restrictive assumption that Lef=Leo is relaxed to allow for unequal diffusion of fuel and oxidizer. This results in a number of interesting and significant effects (which are absent when Lef=Leo) on the location of the stability boundary in parameter space and which are particularly relevant for complex hydrocarbon flames, where the heavier hydrocarbon fuel may have a significantly higher Lewis number than the oxidizing species. The bifurcation phenomenon is illustrated by a computer-generated movie which shows the transient response of a realistic H2/O2 flame when parameter values lie on either side of the neutral stability boundary.
Decision support for airline system operations control and irregular operations

Abstract This paper reports on the application of the integration of computer science and operations research in a decision support system for airline system operations control. The application integrates real-time flight following, aircraft routeing, maintenance, crew management, gate assignment and flight planning with dynamic aircraft re-scheduling and fleet re-routeing algorithms for irregular operations. The system described in this paper was designed and developed on distributed desktop UNIX workstations, networked through ethernet TCP/IP communications, with an X Windows Motif graphical user interface. The algorithms help flight controllers optimally re-route the aircraft, crews and passengers when operational problems disrupt the execution of the schedule plan. The system includes: real-time, interactive, graphical aircraft routeing displays; a rule system which provides warnings of constraint violations and unusual conditions; and the ability to generate “what-if” solution scenarios. The integrated system is demonstrated by simulating a disruption to a planned schedule and by using one of the available tools, a network flow algorithm, to determine optimal re-routeing alternatives.
Confirmation of changes in human meibum lipid infrared spectra with age using principal component analysis.

Purpose: Changes in the phase transition temperatures and conformation of human meibum lipid with age and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) have been quantified. Less than 1% of the infrared spectral range was used in the previous studies to demonstrate differences. In this study, the remaining 99% of the spectral frequencies were analyzed to gain insight into changes that occur in meibum with age.Methods: Infrared spectra of meibum from 27 normal donors were acquired. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to quantify the variance between the spectra.Results: PCA was applied to a set of training spectra of human meibum to predict the age of meibum donors. The plot of predicted age versus actual age was linear, p < 0.001 with a slope of 1.00 and r = 0.909. This indicates that changes in constituents of the meibum spectra (eigenvectors) were due to age-related compositional differences. Eigenvector 1 accounted for 92% of the variance observed among all of the meibum spectra. The spectral features of t...
Platinum nanofilm formation by EC-ALE via redox replacement of UPD copper: studies using in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy.

The growth of Pt nanofilms on well-defined Au(111) electrode surfaces, using electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (EC-ALE), is described here. EC-ALE is a deposition method based on surface-limited reactions. This report describes the first use of surface-limited redox replacement reactions (SLR3) in an EC-ALE cycle to form atomically ordered metal nanofilms. The SLR3 consisted of the underpotential deposition (UPD) of a copper atomic layer, subsequently replaced by Pt at open circuit, in a Pt cation solution. This SLR3 was then used a cycle, repeated to grow thicker Pt films. Deposits were studied using a combination of electrochemistry (EC), in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) using an electrochemical flow cell, and ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface studies combined with electrochemistry (UHV-EC). A single redox replacement of upd Cu from a PtCl42- solution yielded an incomplete monolayer, though no preferential deposition was observed at step edges. Use of an iodine adlayer, as a surfactant, facil...