cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemical effects of a bulkhead in the Dinero mine tunnel, Sugar Loaf mining district, near Leadville, Colorado

The Dinero mine drainage tunnel is an abandoned, draining mine adit near Leadville, Colorado, that has an adverse effect on downstream water quality and aquatic life. In 2009, a bulkhead was constructed (creating a mine pool and increasing water-table elevations behind the tunnel) to limit drainage from the tunnel and improve downstream water quality. The goal of this study was to document changes to hydrology and water quality resulting from bulkhead emplacement, and to understand post-bulkhead changes in source water and geochemical processes that control mine-tunnel discharge and water quality. Comparison of pre-and post-bulkhead hydrology and water quality indicated that tunnel discharge and zinc and manganese loads decreased by up to 97 percent at the portal of Dinero tunnel and at two downstream sites (LF-537 and LF-580). However, some water-quality problems persisted at LF-537 and LF-580 during high-flow events and years, indicating the effects of the remaining mine waste in the area. In contrast, post-bulkhead water quality degraded at three upstream stream sites and a draining mine tunnel (Nelson tunnel). Water-quality degradation in the streams likely occurred from increased contributions of mine-pool groundwater to the streams. In contrast, water-quality degradation in the Nelson tunnel was likely from flow of mine-pool water along a vein that connects the Nelson tunnel to mine workings behind the Dinero tunnel bulkhead. Principal components analysis, mixing analysis, and inverse geochemical modeling using PHREEQC indicated that mixing and geochemical reactions (carbonate dissolution during acid weathering, precipitation of goethite and birnessite, and sorption of zinc) between three end-member water types generally explain the pre-and post-bulkhead water composition at the Dinero and Nelson tunnels. The three end members were (1) a relatively dilute groundwater having low sulfate and trace element concentrations; (2) mine pool water, and (3) water that flowed from a structure in front of the bulkhead after bulkhead emplacement. Both (2) and (3) had high sulfate and trace element concentrations. These results indicate how analysis of monitoring information can be used to understand hydrogeochemical changes resulting from bulkhead emplacement. This understanding, in turn, can help inform future decisions on the disposition of the remaining mine waste and water-quality problems in the area.
Building up a system architecture using VMEbus

Abstract VMEbus is designed for use in a wide range of systems, from the simple to the complex. The paper describes the design of VMEbus, its bus arbitration scheme, interrupts, and address and data widths. Some examples of VME systems are given, including simple systems, distributed processing systems, and systems upgraded to include 32-bit microprocessors.
Differential Effects of GnRH and Androgens on Cres mRNA and Protein in Male Mouse Anterior Pituitary Gonadotropes

The Cres gene defines a new subgroup in the family 2 cystatins of cysteine protease inhibitors. However, unlike typical cystatins, CRES does not inhibit cysteine proteases but rather inhibits the serine protease prohormone convertase 2, an enzyme with roles in proprotein processing in the neuroendocrine system. Cres is expressed in the gonadotropes and colocalizes with LHbeta, suggesting a role in the regulation of gonadotrope secretion. Our present studies were carried out to examine the regulation of Cres mRNA and protein expression by GnRH and steroid hormones, thus providing clues regarding its role in gonadotropes. Castration profoundly reduced Cres mRNA, while replacement with estradiol (E(2)), testosterone (T), or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) further decreased Cres, suggesting negative regulation by GnRH or steroid hormones. The administration of Antide, a GnRH antagonist, resulted in a 3-fold increase in Cres mRNA, supporting a negative regulation by GnRH. Because all hormonal manipulations in vivo resulted in alterations in steroid hormones, organ culture was used to assess the effects of GnRH independent of steroids. Mouse pituitaries cultured in the absence of GnRH or steroids showed high Cres mRNA levels, while DHT or E(2) resulted in decreases of 25% and 68%, respectively. However, an 85% decrease in Cres mRNA occurred following the administration of GnRH, demonstrating that GnRH, and to a lesser degree E(2), negatively regulate Cres mRNA in gonadotropes. Examination of CRES protein by immunohistochemistry showed that levels were profoundly reduced following castration, while DHT and in part T, but not E(2), restored CRES levels. Castrated mice treated with Antide showed little effect. However, castrated mice treated with Antide + DHT showed a dramatic recovery of CRES, suggesting that androgens act directly at the level of the gonadotrope to regulate CRES protein. Together, our studies suggest that Cres mRNA and protein are low at peak gonadotrope secretory activity, possibly as a means to allow proprotein processing events to occur that are integral to gonadotrope function.
Calving giant icebergs: old principles, new applications

Earth-orbiting satellites can now monitor calving of large icebergs from ice shelves bordering the marine West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and recent calving events have stimulated interest in calving mechanisms. To advance this interest pioneering work in brittle and ductile fracture mechanics is reviewed, leading to a new application to calving of giant icebergs from Antarctic ice shelves. The aim is to view iceberg calving as more than terminal events for Antarctic ice when glaciologists lose interest. Instead calving launches Antarctic ice into the larger dynamic system of Earth's climate machine. This encourages a holistic approach to glaciology.
Intraocular trafficking of lymphocytes in locally induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU).

Abstract Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) was induced in naive Lewis rats by intravitreal adoptive transfer of 10 6 long-term S-antigen (S-Ag)-specific syngeneic T-lymphocyte lines of helper/inducer phenotype (ThS). These cells were stimulated with the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) in culture for 48 hr and subsequently labeled with tritiated thymidine. Lymph node cells (LNC) cultured in parallel were used as controls. Histopathology and light microscopic autoradiography of the ocular tissue was performed at several time points to analyze the cell migration in relation to the development of EAU. The disappearance of both types of lymphocytes from the vitreous was similar and large numbers of host leukocytes were attracted into the vitreous. However, significantly more S-Ag-specific cells penetrated the retina and induced EAU ( P
The application of 3D marching scheme for the prediction of supersonic free jets

A modified version of the upwind flux-difference scheme of Roe for supersonic flow solution is described. This efficient iterative Space Marching Scheme (SMS) is used to solve the three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, for underexpanded and overexpanded supersonic free jet with a single time sweep. Comparisons with experimental data and the Parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) solutions are presented. These results show that the present scheme gives good agreement with experimental data in less computer time and the convergence history of the SMS is much faster than the PNS solution.
Abstract A6: Ethnic differences in risk of lung cancer associated with repair capacity for tobacco carcinogen‐induced DNA adduct

Lung cancer is initiated by tobacco carcinogens‐induced DNA damage, such as DNA adducts caused by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE). These adducts can be removed by an efficient nucleotide excision repair. We have previously reported that DNA repair capacity (DRC) measured by the host‐cell reactivation assay is associated with risk of lung cancer in non‐Hispanic whites. In the recent analysis with larger sample sizes including minorities, we found that the suboptimal DRC remains associated with increased risk of lung cancer in 1730 cases and 1683 controls of non‐Hispanic whites. The mean values of DRC were 8.37% ± 2.8% (SD) in the cases vs. 9.04% ± 3.1% in the controls ( P P = 0.056) because of the relatively small sample size. However, this difference in DRC for tobacco carcinogen‐induced DNA adducts was not significant in 327 African‐American patients with lung cancer and 325 cancer‐free controls. The mean values of DRC were 8.90% ± 3.1% in the cases vs. 8.66% ± 2.8% in the controls ( P = 0.301). The adjusted OR was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.70 – 1.39). The DRC level in African‐American controls was non‐significantly lower than other ethnic controls ( P = 0.144); however, African‐American patients had significantly higher DRC than non‐Hispanic white patients and Mexican‐Americans patients ( P = 0.053). The results further confirmed that low DRC is associated with increased risk of lung cancer in non‐Hispanic whites and also provided the evidence of this association in Mexican Americans. These findings help us understand the ethnic differences in the development of lung cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A6.
Design, Construction and Heat Transfer Analysis of a Thermoacoustic Refrigeration System

The thermoacoustic processes resulting from pressure and temperature oscillations and their interactions with boundaries are utilized in thermoacoustic refrigeration systems. This technology offers benefits that include absence of significant moving parts (implying reduced maintenance), use of environmentally safe working fluids, quiet operation, and continuous capacity control. The flow of the thermoacoustically oscillating gas and heat transport in the stack were studied. Results indicate that there is a critical value of ΔT outside of which the work and heat transfer will increase for a given drive ratio. The system was designed and constructed. In order to achieve high thermal conductivity across the thickness of the stack and low thermal conductivity axially, a thermoplastic material with holes filled with carbon fiber was used for the stack. The fiber is in the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the plate thus increasing the heat transfer in this direction. Since thermoplastics have very low thermal conductivity, the dissipative heat transfer through the stack material by conduction from the hot heat exchanger to the cold one (the direction opposite to the heat pumping) is minimized. When thermoplastic materials are used for the stack in place of stainless steel there is a significant drop in Qlosses for the range of values studied.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Effect of chemical drying agents on alfalfa hay and milk production response when fed to dairy cows in early lactation.

Abstract Third-cutting alfalfa hay cut at bud stage was treated with a drying agent consisting of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and citric acid at the rate of 280.6L/ha (1 kg/37.47L water) to alternate swaths 4.27-m wide. Hay samples were taken at cutting and at 4-h intervals during daylight until baling was initiated. Twenty lactating Hoistein cows were randomly assigned to untreated and treated alfalfa hay treatments in a switchback design. Individual feed intakes and milk yields were recorded daily. Milk composition was analyzed once weekly. Drying rates were: .40 and .48% moisture/h for control and Na 2 -K 2 CO 3 -citrate treatments, respectively. There was no significant difference between treatments in feed composition parameters nor in vitro DM digestibility parameters. Cows fed the hay treated with Na 2 -K 2 CO 3 -citrate had a higher mean daily milk yield, adjusted for feed intake, compared with cows fed untreated hay (33.0 versus 32.5 kg/d). There were no significant differences in milk composition between treatments.
NMDA or non-NMDA receptor antagonists attenuate increased Fos expression in spinal dorsal horn GABAergic neurons after intradermal injection of capsaicin in rats.

GABAergic neurons play an important role in the generation of primary afferent depolarization, which results in presynaptic inhibition and, if large enough, triggers dorsal root reflexes. Recent electrophysiological studies by our group have suggested that increased excitation of spinal GABAergic neurons by activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors following intradermal injection of capsaicin results in the generation of DRRs that contribute to neurogenic inflammation. The present study was to determine if changes in the expression of Fos protein occur in GABAergic neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord following injection of capsaicin into the glabrous skin of one hind paw of anesthetized rats and if pretreatment with an NMDA receptor antagonist, D-(−)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7) or a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) blocks Fos expression in these neurons. The experiments used western blots and immunofluorescence double labeling staining following capsaicin or vehicle injection. Western blots showed that Fos protein was increased on the ipsilateral side in spinal cord tissue 0.5 h after capsaicin injection. Pretreatment with AP7 or CNQX caused a decrease in capsaicin-induced Fos expression. Immunofluorescence double labeling showed that the proportion of Fos-positive GABAergic neuronal profiles was significantly increased following capsaicin injection (48.8±4.8%) compared to the vehicle injection (23.8±5.1%) in superficial laminae on the ipsilateral side in lumbosacral spinal cord (P<0.05). However, when the spinal cord was pretreated with AP7 (5 μg) or CNQX (0.2 μg), only 9.1±0.6% or 7.1±0.8% of GABA-immunoreactive neuronal profiles were stained for Fos following capsaicin injection. The blockade of the capsaicin-evoked Fos staining was dose-dependent. These findings suggest that GABAergic neurons take part in dorsal horn circuits that modulate nociceptive information and that the function of GABAergic neurons following capsaicin injection is partially mediated by NMDA and non-NMDA receptors.
Latimer Revised and Reprised: Editing Frutefull Sermons for Pulpit Delivery

This essay examines manuscript annotations inscribed in a copy of Hugh Latimer's Frutefull Sermons (1572) held at The Ohio State University's Rare Books and Manuscripts Library. An investigation of the content of the annotations reveals that the book belonged to a preacher who prepared Latimer's sermons for pulpit delivery in approximately 1601. The preacher updates and supplements Latimer's sermons, while removing passages that refer specifically to their original contexts. While preachers had delivered or built upon sermons preserved in print or manuscript collections for centuries, this essay shows the process through which one preacher prepared printed sermons for his own use.
DNA proliferation in normal and diabetic muscle during short-term compensatory growth

Abstract 1. 1. Short-term growth of the plantaris muscle was studied in normal and diabetic rats at 16, 32, 72, and 120 h following surgical ablation of the ipsilateral gastrocnemius muscle. 2. 2. Within 16 h post-surgery both normal and diabetic plantaris muscles had significant increases in wet weight (>30%), total DNA content (>80%), and DNA concentration (>50%). 3. 3. By 120 h the wet weight, total DNA content, and DNA concentration had increased at least 40% 110%, and 60%, respectively. 4. 4. The findings indicated that in chronic hypoinsulinism skeletal muscle retains a normal capacity for DNA proliferation and growth during the acute phase of compensatory hypertrophy.
Percutaneous transhepatic treatment of symptomatic mesenteric venous thrombosis

Three patients were seen with acute mesenteric venous thrombosis. With a transhepatic access, percutaneous pharmacologic thrombolysis was performed in one patient with extensive thrombosis of the portal and mesenteric veins, resulting in complete thrombolysis of the portal vein and partial thrombolysis of the superior mesenteric vein. In two patients with focal thrombosis, the use of mechanical devices achieved complete thrombolysis. Percutaneous thrombolysis of portal and mesenteric veins with a transhepatic approach, followed by coil embolization, is a promising endovascular technique for treatment of symptomatic acute mesenteric venous thrombosis.
The effect of race and gender on pediatric surgical outcomes within the United States.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine risk-adjusted associations between race and gender on postoperative morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization in pediatric surgical patients within the United States.
AMMONIUM ION-INDUCED CHANGES IN FORM AND HYDROXYPROLINE CONTENT OF WALL PROTEIN IN THE LIVERWORT, GYMNOCOLEA INFLATA'

Ammonium ion induces phenovariation in Gymnocolea inflata (Huds.) Dum. (Lophoziaceae) similar in nature to that induced in representatives of four other families of leafy liverworts by antagonists of hydroxyproline-protein metabolism. That is, in the presence of ammonium ion, ventral leaves developed and the lateral leaf morphology and the branching pattern of the plants changed. These changes, which reflect altered patterns of morphogenesis, were correlated with statistically significant (P ? 0.01) differences in peptidyl-hydroxyproline between normal and NH4+-induced phenovariant plants. The results support the hypothesis that cell wall-associated hydroxyproline-protein plays a morphoregulatory role and that any of a number of factors, genetic, epigenetic or environmental, that could alter the synthesis/distribution of this moiety could cause changes in form. IN AN EXPERIMENT to determine which of two macronutrient media would better support a rapid, normal pattern of development, it was discovered that plants of Gymnocolea inflata
Comment on “Tritium absorption–desorption characteristics of LaNi4.25Al0.75”

The thermodynamic data for LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} tritide, reported by Wang et al. (W.-d. Wang et al., J. Alloys Compd. (2006) doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.206.09.122), are in variance with our published data. The plateau pressures for the P-C-T isotherms at all temperatures are significantly lower than published data. As a result, the derived thermodynamic parameters, {Delta}H{sup o} and {Delta}S{sup o}, are questionable. Using the thermodynamic parameters derived from the data reported by Wang et al. will result in under estimating the expected pressures, and therefore not provide the desired performance for storing and processing tritium.
Relationships between fine particulate species, gaseous pollutants and meteorological parameters in detroit

Abstract During June, July and August 1981, General Motors Research Laboratories operated a comprehensive air-quality monitoring site in Detroit. Parameters monitored included the criteria pollutants, meteorological variables and the organic carbon, elemental carbon and sulfate content of the fine and coarse fractions of inhalable particulates (diameter ⩽ 15 μm). In addition, air parcel trajectories were used to compute the length of time air parcels spent in various upwind emission-source areas before arriving in Detroit. The data were analyzed using varimax-rotated principal component analysis. The results show that midwestern sources upwind of southeastern (SE) Michigan are responsible for most of the observed sulfate, which accounted for about 50% of the fine particle fraction. Significant amounts of ozone, particulate organic carbon and sulfur dioxide are also transported in from upwind sources. Local emissions dominate the concentrations of coarse particulate mass, elemental carbon, carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons. Important local sources exist for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulate organic carbon.
Separation and partial characterization of two proteins from fraction B of calf lens

Two proteins, called bB1 and bB2, have been isolated from calf bovine lens by column chromatographic techniques. Both proteins were found to be part of the classical β-crystallin fraction of the lens. Immunoelectrophoretic and sedimentation analyses indicate that bB1 and bB2 proteins are homogeneous molecular entities. The molecular weight, amino acid composition and total sulfhydryl content of proteins bB1 and bB2 were determined. Optical rotatory dispersion and infrared studies indicate the absence of α-helical conformation and the possible presence of some β conformation in both proteins.
Opportunities for collaborative excellence What learning communities offer

L'apprentissage est un processus tant individuel que collaboratif, necessitant des efforts tant individuels que collectifs. Les communautes d'apprentissage, structures scolaires fondees sur la collaboration et l'interdisciplinarite, permettent de passer de l'enseignement a l'apprentissage. Plusieurs exemples issus d'universites americaines illustrent la variete et l'etendue de ces initiatives educatives novatrices, qui beneficient aux etudiants et aux bibliotheques universitaires, dont l'A. rappelle l'implication dans le processus.
Sensors for Measuring Light Available for Photosynthesis

Consideration of energy absorption by photosynthesis indicates that photon flux density in the 400— to 700—nm wavelength range is best measure of light available for photosynthesis. When light spectral distribution changes, deviation of sensor spectral response from the photon response introduces errors in measurements. These errors are calculated for several sensors and spectral distributions. A selenium photovoltaic cell with a Written 85C filter is a simple system which closely approximates t he pho ton response. See full-text article at JSTOR
Imagined interaction as an element of social cognition

The notion of “imagined interaction”; is introduced as part of the social cognition process. Imagined interactions serve several functions including rehearsal for anticipated encounters. Results of a study indicate that imagined interactions tend to occur before real interactions, are dominated by the self, and are equally pleasant and unpleasant. Topics and partners are primarily relational. Imagined interactions may be dysfunctional for lonely individuals. Findings are related to theories of interpersonal communication and cognitive structuring, and implications for future studies are evaluated.
D3-2: Forecasting Disease Burden and Health Utilization in Uninsured Populations in California Health Insurance Exchange Pricing Regions

contributed to the model (AUC = 0.715, NRI = 2.0%, OR = 1.12 [1.10, 1.13], P <0.001). The last reported GCS was significantly associated with 30-day readmission (OR = 1.05 [1.02, 1.09]), however there was no increase in the AUC and the NRI was non-significant. The MEWS was not significantly associated with readmission. Conclusions: The usefulness of in-hospital severity scores was not consistent in their association with readmission. Additional research is needed to understand performance in subgroups and to utilize serial measurements when available.
Systematic identification of interaction effects between genome- and environment-wide associations in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) result from environmental and genetic factors, and risk varies considerably in the population. T2D-related genetic loci discovered to date explain only a small portion of the T2D heritability. Some heritability may be due to gene–environment interactions. However, documenting these interactions has been difficult due to low availability of concurrent genetic and environmental measures, selection bias, and challenges in controlling for multiple hypothesis testing. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), investigators have identified over 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated to T2D. Using a method analogous to GWAS [environment-wide association study (EWAS)], we found five environmental factors associated with the disease. By focusing on risk factors that emerge from GWAS and EWAS, it is possible to overcome difficulties in uncovering gene–environment interactions. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we screened 18 SNPs and 5 serum-based environmental factors for interaction in association to T2D. We controlled for multiple hypotheses using false discovery rate (FDR) and Bonferroni correction and found four interactions with FDR <20 %. The interaction between rs13266634 (SLC30A8) and trans-β-carotene withstood Bonferroni correction (corrected p = 0.006, FDR <1.5 %). The per-risk-allele effect sizes in subjects with low levels of trans-β-carotene were 40 % greater than the marginal effect size [odds ratio (OR) 1.8, 95 % CI 1.3–2.6]. We hypothesize that impaired function driven by rs13266634 increases T2D risk when combined with serum levels of nutrients. Unbiased consideration of environmental and genetic factors may help identify larger and more relevant effect sizes for disease associations.
SYSTARS: A CAD tool for the synthesis and analysis of VLSI systolic/wavefront arrays

Research on mapping regular iterative algorithms onto dedicated systolic/wavefront arrays has been directed toward defining a unified framework in which to represent and formally synthesize and analyze systolic array designs so that the design can be supported, or even automated, by a computer-aided-design system. The author presents such a design system, SYSTARS, which supports the design trajectory from algorithm to partitioned systolic array with a very flexible, comprehensive, and animative 3-D graphics environment, and extends the partitioning of full-size arrays with a fully automatic adaptive cluster algorithm and corresponding control extraction. SYSTARS effectively uses geometric representations of the algorithm, full-size systolic array, and partitioned systolic array, which makes is appropriate for the development of better systolic algorithms, better mappings, and better partitioning strategies. >
Time series evaluation of the 3M™ Clean-Trace™ ATP detection device to confirm swab effectiveness

Abstract Background As of 2012, a downward trend in infection rates for hospital onset of both Clostridium difficile infections and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (2% and 4% decrease respectively) has been noted. Despite the success with these two organisms, several infectious pathogens in the healthcare setting have not decreased. This lack of downward trend highlights the importance of continuing to find and assess rapid detection methods to help confirm that hospital cleaning efforts meet and exceed standards of cleanliness demonstrated to reduce numbers of healthcare- associated infections (HAIs) of these pathogens. Methods This study set out to determine the effectiveness of the swab 3M™ Clean-Trace™ Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) System over time by comparing the ATP measurements of the culturable organisms to the corresponding quantitative microbiology. The organisms evaluated included: Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus anthracis Sterne endospores and vegetative cells, Candida albicans, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Results A combined organisms analysis did not demonstrate a significant reduction in measured ATP levels over the course of the organisms' exposures in a controlled environment. The quantitative microbiology did, however, demonstrate a large initial organism die-off within the first 60 min (P Conclusions This study did not demonstrate a significant effect of time in reducing ATP measures over the time periods evaluated. ATP measurements were approximately the same, regardless of the initial organism die-off. Additionally, the live versus dead analysis confirms that ATP bioluminescence is not sensitive enough to distinguish between viable organisms and organic debris remnants on sterilised equipment.
The string tensions of the SU(3) representations

Abstract I report on the status of a computation of fundamental and some higher representation string tensions in pure gauge SU(3). An O ( a 2 ) tadpole improved action and an anisotropic lattice are used. At present, the static quark potentials and the string tensions are calculated by measuring Wilson loops on an 8 3 × 24 lattice. Wilson loops for higher representations are measured in terms of Wilson loops of the fundamental representation. At the small and intermediate distances available, rough agreement with Casimir scaling is observed, and no color screening for the 8 representation is seen.
Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Point-of-Care Testing

OBJECTIVETo review the literature regarding point-of-care blood pressure monitoring and describe its role in pharmacy practice.DATA SOURCESPrimary articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966—May 2003); references cited in these articles provided additional resources.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONAll articles identified from this search were reviewed and all information deemed relevant was included in this article.DATA SYNTHESISHypertension is a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the US. The use of at-home blood pressure monitors may help improve identification and management of this disorder. Pharmacists may use many of these devices in their practice and are also in an ideal position to provide patient education on the selection and use of these monitors, as well as interpretation of results.CONCLUSIONSThe availability of at-home blood pressure devices has considerably increased in recent years and likely will continue to do so. Based on cur...
BIOTIN‐AVIDIN ENZYME‐LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR BACILLUS SPORES IN BUFFER AND FOOD1

A biotin-avidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated as a means to increase the sensitivity of a prototype ELISA developed to estimate bacterial spore populations. The method, based on a sandwich ELISA, incorporated a biotinylated rabbit anti-B. cereus spore IgG and ExtravidinR-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. The biotin-avidin system increased sensitivity 2- to 4-fold compared to the prototype method, which did not include an amplification step. Even with amplification, 106/ml or more spores were required for detection. Neither 0.5% starch nor 0.5% gelatin interfered with the biotin-avidin ELISA compared to 1% bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). Raw milk decreased the sensitivity of the assay by about 3- to 5-fold.
Detection of a traumatic arthrotomy in the pediatric knee using the saline solution load test.

Background: The objective of this study was to quantify the load volume needed for a positive diagnosis of a traumatic arthrotomy in the pediatric knee with use of the saline solution load test (SLT). Methods: From February 2013 to June 2014, eighty-seven pediatric patients who were undergoing elective knee arthroscopy were prospectively enrolled in this study. An SLT was performed in each patient using a 5-mm superolateral portal as the arthrotomy site, with injection of the saline solution into the lateral aspect of the knee. The 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of saline solution load volume required for a positive result were identified. Univariate linear regression was used to identify possible relationships between demographics (age, height, weight, and body mass index [BMI]) and load volume. Results: Forty-one female and forty-six male patients with a mean age (and standard deviation) of 13.4 ± 3.0 years (range, five to eighteen years) and a mean BMI of 21.9 ± 5.0 kg/m2 (range, 12.9 to 36.2 kg/m2) were enrolled. The mean saline solution load volume was 28.9 ± 14.2 mL (range, 7.0 to 78 mL). The 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of saline solution load volume were 27, 37, 47, and 58 mL, respectively. The mean load volume did not differ significantly between male and female patients (28.8 ± 13.9 versus 29.0 ± 14.7 mL, respectively; p = 0.92). Load volume was significantly correlated with age, height, weight, and BMI. Conclusions: On the basis of our findings, a saline solution load volume of 47 mL is required to detect 90% of superolateral traumatic arthrotomies of 5 mm in the pediatric knee with use of the SLT. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte encapsulation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae for enhanced Raman detection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of respiratory disease in humans and accounts for as much as 20% of all community-acquired pneumonia. Existing mycoplasma diagnosis is primarily limited by the poor success rate at culturing the bacteria from clinical samples. There is a critical need to develop a new platform for mycoplasma detection that has high sensitivity, specificity, and expediency. Here we report the layer-by-layer (LBL) encapsulation of M. pneumoniae cells with Ag nanoparticles in a matrix of the polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS). We evaluated nanoparticle encapsulated mycoplasma cells as a platform for the differentiation of M. pneumoniae strains using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Three separate M. pneumoniae strains (M129, FH and II-3) were studied. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence imaging showed that the Ag nanoparticles were incorporated between the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte layers. SERS spectra showed that LBL encapsulation provides excellent spectral reproducibility. Multivariate statistical analysis of the Raman spectra differentiated the three M. pneumoniae strains with 97-100% specificity and sensitivity, and low (0.1-0.4) root mean square error. These results indicated that nanoparticle and polyelectrolyte encapsulation of M. pneumoniae is a potentially powerful platform for rapid and sensitive SERS-based bacterial identification.
Orbitofrontal Cortex Contributions to Food Selection and Decision Making

Background From a neuroeconomics perspective, decisions about what to eat are ultimately determined by basic features of how the brain codes and contrasts the values of different rewards and the potential positive or negative consequences of eating the food. Several brain regions play a role in this valuation and comparison process. Among these regions, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which occupies the ventral surface of the frontal lobe, plays a critical integrative role in these processes. An examination of the influences on valuation both within the OFC and in related brain regions reveals several features that are likely to impact food selection. These include coding of rewards relative to other available rewards, general and specific satiety, and temporal discounting. The OFC also processes information about negative valuations (i.e., cost, negative health consequences), which are influenced by factors such as temporal discounting, probability and ambiguity.
Estimates of global biomass burning emissions for reactive greenhouse gases (CO, NMHCs, and NOx) and CO2

[1] Open fire biomass burning and domestic biofuel burning (e.g., cooking, heating, and charcoal making) algorithms have been incorporated into a terrestrial ecosystem model to estimate CO2 and key reactive GHGs (CO, NOx, and NMHCs) emissions for the year 2000. The emissions are calculated over the globe at a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution using tree density imagery, and two separate sets of data each for global area burned and land clearing for croplands, along with biofuel consumption rate data. The estimated global and annual total dry matter (DM) burned due to open fire biomass burning ranges between 5221 and 7346 Tg DM/yr, whereas the resultant emissions ranges are 6564–9093 Tg CO2/yr, 438–568 Tg CO/yr, 11–16 Tg NOx/yr (as NO), and 29–40 Tg NMHCs/yr. The results indicate that land use changes for cropland is one of the major sources of biomass burning, which amounts to 25–27% (CO2), 25 –28% (CO), 20–23% (NO), and 28–30% (NMHCs) of the total open fire biomass burning emissions of these gases. Estimated DM burned associated with domestic biofuel burning is 3,114 Tg DM/yr, and resultant emissions are 4825 Tg CO2/yr, 243 Tg CO/yr, 3 Tg NOx/yr, and 23 Tg NMHCs/yr. Total emissions from biomass burning are highest in tropical regions (Asia, America, and Africa), where we identify important contributions from primary forest cutting for croplands and domestic biofuel burning.
Catalyzing quality of care improvements for women

i p k c o C q c w r b c everal epidemiologic studies, survey data, and a growing body of literature confirm the persistence f disparities in health care associated with women’s ace, ethnicity, income, education, and other factors Institute of Medicine, 2002; Kaiser Family Foundaion, 2004, 2005; National Women’s Law Center 2004; gency for Healthcare Research and Quality [AHRQ], 003a,b, 2004a,b, 2005a,b). Differences also remain etween men and women in the receipt of evidenceased health care. However, despite the amount of ata available, in-depth analysis of gender differences n the quality of health services provided in the United tates is still limited. In this special issue, gender isparities across race and ethnicity are discussed in he management of 2 key chronic conditions and in reventive care. This special issue begins with Correa-de-Araujo et l., (2006) showing that women with acute myocardial nfarction or congestive heart failure continue to fare orse than men in the receipt of drug therapy. Also, ates of counseling to quit smoking are low among omen and men of any race and ethnicity, but worse or Hispanic and black men. Further, the existence of omorbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension/end-stage enal disease) associated with acute myocardial infarcion or congestive heart failure does not imply better uality of care for either women or men. Correa-de raujo et al. also report that only 28.9% of women and
Los límites de la afinidad entre la concepción Derrideana del lenguaje y la rabínica

Jacques Derrida, como otros teoricos contemporaneos, recurre repetidas veces a pensadores y categorias judios a la hora de formular su concepcion del texto y del lenguaje. A veces parece tratarse de una simple analogia; en otras ocasiones lo hace explicitamente. Esto ha dado lugar a distintos intentos de apropiacion por parte del judaismo. Susan Handelman (1982), Geoffrey H. Hartman y Sanford Budick (1986), Beth Sharon Ash (1987), Sanford L. Drob (1997; 2006), Helene Cixous (2001), Elliot R. Wolfson (2002), Moshe Idel (2003), Bettina Bergo, Joseph Cohen y Raphael Zagury-Orly (2007) —entre otros— se han esforzado en mostrar la semejanza entre la concepcion derrideana del lenguaje y la judia; algunos de ellos incluso han llegado afirmar que la primera es un simple exponente moderno de la literatura rabinica y de la Cabala. A nuestro juicio, estos intentos de apropiacion son excesivos. Nuestro objetivo es, pues, explorar la analogia entre la concepcion derrideana del lenguaje y la que subyace bajo la literatura rabinica y la cabalistica para, en ultima instancia, mostrar la especificidad irreductible de la primera.
Discussion—Differential Earnings Behavior and the Security Market Assessment of Variation in Seasonal Earnings Patterns:

Soffer and Lys (1999) investigate the fraction of predictable positive serial autocorrelation in seasonally differenced earnings reflected in stock prices and find no appreciation of serial correlation immediately after quarterly earnings announcements. Bathke, Lorek, and Willinger (2004) reexamine this result by separating firms with earnings that appear to follow a seasonal random walk (good-fit firms) from the remainder (bad-fit firms). They find that the Soffer and Lys result of zero autocorrelation implied by stock prices represents the combination of a negative implied autocorrelation for good-fit firms and a positive implied autocorrelation for bad-fit firms. This discussion considers different interpretations of that finding.
Evaluation of alpha-fetoprotein in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after radiofrequency ablation.

Background and Aim The performance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after radiofrequency ablation was analyzed. Methods One hundred and forty-six solitary HCC lesions treated by radiofrequency ablation were evaluated. Using the AFP cutoff level at ≥ 20 ng/mL, tumors were categorized into AFP or non-AFP-producing HCC. Factors associated with true and false interpretations for cancer recurrence including analysis of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were evaluated. The performance of AFP using different cutoff levels adjusted for abnormal ALT was compared. Results Of 146 HCCs, 103 demonstrated no HCC recurrence while 43 had local recurrence. In non-recurrence HCC cases, increased AFP levels (false positive) were associated with concomitant ALT elevations, while those with normal AFP (true negative) had correspondingly normal ALT values (P < 0.001). The AFP false positive rate in cases of elevated ALT was significantly higher than those with normal ALT levels (31.9% vs 5.4%, P = 0.001). Among all positive AFP tests, those with false positive values (non-recurrence) had a significantly lower AFP level than the true positive (recurrence) HCC cases (39.8 ng/mL vs 372 ng/mL, P < 0.001). At the 20 ng/mL cutoff level, the sensitivities of AFP for detecting recurrence in non-AFP-producing HCC and AFP-producing HCC were 12.0%, and 72.2%, respectively. Using a modified AFP criteria of ≥ 100 ng/mL for cases where ALT ≥ 40 U/L, the sensitivity and specificity in AFP-producing tumors increased from 72.2% and 56% to 100% and 85%, respectively. Conclusion Serum AFP is a useful test in the detection of HCC recurrence in AFP-producing HCC. The performance in AFP-producing HCC was significantly improved after adjusting for elevation of serum ALT.
Circuit Analysis-A Problem in Semantics

The teaching-learning process in circuits is enormously complicated by the multiple meanings and shades of meanings which are inherent in most of the technical terms. A method is offered for reducing every term relating to "functions" to its basic meaning for the particular circuit application under study. Using this method, which might be called "current analysis," it becomes possible to explain detailed circuit phenomena to students with little or no technical or mathematical background.
Users guide for SnadiOpt : a package adding automatic differentiation to Snopt.

SnadiOpt is a package that supports the use of the automatic differentiation package ADIFOR with the optimization package Snopt. Snopt is a general-purpose system for solving optimization problems with many variables and constraints. It minimizes a linear or nonlinear function subject to bounds on the variables and sparse linear or nonlinear constraints. It is suitable for large-scale linear and quadratic programming and for linearly constrained optimization, as well as for general nonlinear programs. The method used by Snopt requires the first derivatives of the objective and constraint functions to be available. The SnadiOpt package allows users to avoid the time-consuming and error-prone process of evaluating and coding these derivatives. Given Fortran code for evaluating only the values of the objective and constraints, SnadiOpt automatically generates the code for evaluating the derivatives and builds the relevant Snopt input files and sparse data structures.
Better at Life Stuff Consumption, Identity, and Class in Apple’s “Get a Mac” Campaign

Apple’s “Get a Mac” advertising campaign defines for its audience the dichotomy between the casual, confident, creative Mac user and the formal, frustrated, fun-deprived PC user through a series of comical television spots featuring human representations of each technology. The company has been largely applauded over the years for their creative, innovative, and thought-provoking marketing, and “Get a Mac,” winner of the American Marketing Association’s 2007 Grand Effie award, fits nicely with Apple’s tradition of infusing cultural ideology into their ads. Utilizing the methods of close reading and ideological criticism, this study considers the North American “Get a Mac” television campaign as a popular culture text with embedded implications about consumption, identity, and class. The text reveals a number of thematic dichotomies that obscure meaningful issues of difference and class while promoting the spectacle of consumption and the myth of self-actualization through commodities.
Odorant-induced olfactory receptor neural oscillations and their modulation of olfactory bulbar responses in the channel catfish.

Peripheral waves (PWs) in the channel catfish are odorant-induced neural oscillations of synchronized populations of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that appear after the initial ∼500 msec of the response. The mean dominant frequency during the initial 2 sec of PW activity is ∼28 Hz, declining to ∼20 Hz in the last sec of a 5 sec stimulus. Recordings of PWs from different regions of a single olfactory lamella and simultaneously from widely separated lamellae within the olfactory organ suggest that PWs are initiated in the sensory epithelium within each olfactory lamella. Simultaneous recordings in vivo from the olfactory organ [electro-olfactogram (EOG) or integrated neural activity], local field potentials (LFPs) from the olfactory bulb (OB), and single and few-unit activity from OB neurons were performed. Cross-correlation analysis of simultaneously recorded odor-induced OB LFPs and either EOG or ORN neural activity showed that oscillations occurring within the OB were lower (<20 Hz) than those of PWs; however, during PW activity, OB LFPs increased both their magnitude and dominant frequencies and became correlated with the PWs. Also during odorant-induced PW activity, the responses of different OB neurons with similar odorant specificity became phase locked to each other and to both the PWs and OB LFPs. PWs are hypothesized to function to strengthen the synaptic transfer of olfactory information at specific glomeruli within the OB.
Grassroots organizing in the digital age: considering values and technology in Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street

Power dynamics shape, and are shaped by, the tools used by participants in social movements. In this study we explore the values, attitudes, and beliefs of Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street stakeholders as they relate to their use of technology. This multi-method study applies the lens of value sensitive design [VSD; Friedman, B. (Ed.) (1997). Human values and the design of computer technology (vol. 72). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] to examine stakeholder values and sites of value tension. We contextualize our findings with qualitative observation of how these values are reflected in each organization's online spaces, including Facebook, Twitter, and key organizational websites, as well as private spaces such as email.We found liberty, the value most mentioned by Tea Party members, was not reflected in the movement's organizational websites and Facebook pages, where user autonomy is frequently undermined. However, the Occupy value of equality is supported in the movement's web presence. We also f...
Effect of circumferential pressure on response parameters during ballistic ankle plantar flexion in healthy adults

This study investigated the effect of circumferential pressure on timing and muscle-response parameters during ballistic ankle plantar flexion in 15 young healthy subjects. Circumferential pressure was provided by an air-splint applied around the lower calf. Data were collected at 1, 3, and 5 min. prior to, during, and following application of pressure. A 3 × 3 repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated significant increases in premotor and reaction times during application of pressure. There was no main effect for magnitude of muscle activity or motor time. Results support previous studies showing decreases in the excitability of the motor-neuron pool with circumferential pressure and an inverse relationship between excitability and premotor time.