cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of rapamycin in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Abstract Background Currently, no second-line treatment exists for hormonerefractory prostate cancer (HRPC) cases that fail docetaxel regimens. Rapamycin, an immunosuppressive macrolide, inhibits metastatic prostate tumor growth and angiogenesis in in vivo mouse models. This pilot study assessed the antitumor activity, safety, and toxicity of rapamycin in patients with HRPC. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had HRPC and disease progression. The initial dose of rapamycin was 0.15 mg/kg followed by 0.04 mg/kg daily without interruption. Rapamycin levels were measured every 28 days with dose adjustments of 0.04-0.06 mg/kg as necessary to maintain levels between 6-10 ng/mL. Patients were evaluated every 4 weeks for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and safety and every 8 weeks for radiographic response. Results Thirteen patients were enrolled from January 2005 to February 2006. One was not evaluable for response. Responses were seen in 2 of 12 evaluable patients (17%). One patient experienced a 50% decrease in absolute PSA and partial radiographic response; another experienced a PSA response only. Four patients had stable disease (33%). The median progression-free survival was 4.2 months (range, 1.9-23.3 months), and overall survival was 23.3+ months (range, 1.9-34.3+ months). Diarrhea (69%), fatigue (46%), and nausea (46%) were the most common adverse events. Rapamycin was well tolerated and showed signs of antitumor activity. Conclusion Rapamycin and other inhibitors of mammalian targets of rapamycin warrant further study in developing combination therapies with chemotherapy or radiation.
Deliveries on Commodity Futures Contracts

Deliveries on futures contracts are widely thought to be relatively insignificant in amount; indeed sizeable deliveries are taken to indicate problems in a futures market. In fact, deliveries on five of the largest, physical delivery, futures markets in the US average approximately 10 per cent of the maximum open interest in each delivery month. Analysis also demonstrated the value of the timing and location options often provided by contract specifications. One implication is that measures of market performance like hedging effectiveness are sensitive to the imbedded options' effects on prices
Evidence of GLP-1-mediated neuroprotection in an animal model of pyridoxine-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) intoxicated rodents develop a peripheral neuropathy characterized by sensory nerve conduction deficits associated with disturbances of nerve fiber geometry and axonal atrophy. To investigate the possibility that glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)-amide (GLP-1) receptor agonism may influence axonal structure and function through neuroprotection neurotrophic support, effects of GLP-1 and its long acting analog, Exendin-4 (Ex4) treatment on pyridoxine-induced peripheral neuropathy were examined in rats using behavioral and morphometric techniques. GLP-1 is an endogenous insulinotropic peptide secreted from the gut in response to the presence of food. GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) are coupled to the cAMP second messenger pathway, and are expressed widely throughout neural tissues of humans and rodents. Recent studies have established that GLP-1 and Ex4, have multiple synergistic effects on glucose-dependent insulin secretion pathways of pancreatic β-cells and on neural plasticity. Data reported here suggest that clinically relevant doses of GLP-1 and Ex4 may offer some protection against the sensory peripheral neuropathy induced by pyridoxine. Our findings suggest a potential role for these peptides in the treatment of neuropathies, including that associated with type II diabetes mellitus.
Convergent evolution and the limits of natural selection

Stephen Jay Gould argued that replaying the “tape of life” would result in a radically different evolutionary outcome. Some biologists and philosophers, however, have pointed to convergent evolution as evidence for robust replicability in macroevolution. These authors interpret homoplasy, or the independent origination of similar biological forms, as evidence for the power of natural selection to guide form toward certain morphological attractors, notwithstanding the diversionary tendencies of drift and the constraints of phylogenetic inertia. In this paper, I consider the implications of homoplasy for the debate over the nature of macroevolution. I argue that once the concepts of contingency and convergence are fleshed out, it becomes clear that many instances of homoplasy fail to negate Gould’s overarching thesis, and may in fact support a Gouldian view of life. My argument rests on the distinction between parallelism and convergence, which I defend against a recent challenge from developmental biology. I conclude that despite the difficulties in defining and identifying parallelism, the concept remains useful and relevant to the contingency controversy insofar as it underscores the common developmental origins of iterated evolution.
An Implicit, Nonlinear Reduced Resistive MHD Solver

Implicit time differencing of the resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations can step over the limiting time scales?such as Alfven time scales?to resolve the dynamic time scales of interest. However, nonlinearities present in these equations make an implicit implementation cumbersome. Here, viable paths for an implicit, nonlinear time integration of the MHD equations are explored using a 2D reduced viscoresistive MHD model. The implicit time integration is performed using the Newton?Raphson iterative algorithm, employing Krylov iterative techniques for the required algebraic matrix inversions, implemented Jacobian-free (i.e., without ever forming and storing the Jacobian matrix). Convergence in Krylov techniques is accelerated by preconditioning the initial problem. A “physics-based” preconditioner, based on a semi-implicit approximation to the original set of partial differential equations, is employed. The preconditioner employs low-complexity multigrid techniques to invert approximately the resulting elliptic algebraic systems. The resulting 2D reduced resistive MHD implicit algorithm is shown to be successful in dealing with large time steps (on the order of the dynamical time scale of the problem) and fine grids. The algorithm is second-order accurate in time and scalable under grid refinement. Comparison of the implicit CPU time with an explicit integration method demonstrates CPU savings even for moderate (64×64) grids, and close to an order of magnitude in fine grids (256×256).
Aging effects in low pressure wire chambers containing TMAE

The effects of aging in multiwire proportional chambers operated at low pressure with gas mixtures containing TMAE has been studied in connection with their use as a form of readout of BaF/sub 2/ crystals in high-rate environments. Aging was induced by ultraviolet light, which simulated high radiation exposure of BaF/sub 2/ crystals. Measurements were made on the loss in gain as a function of the total charge removed from the anode wires under various operating conditions. The results indicate a considerable improvement over previous aging effects measured at atmospheric pressure. >
Radical radiation therapy for cancer of the lung.

This is a study of radical radiation therapy for lung carcinoma patients without distal metastases. Treatment was accomplished with a 6 MeV linear accelerator to a tumor dose of 6,000 R in six weeks to very large fields. While the treatment was well tolerated no significant increase in survival was noted. Symptomatic improvement occurred in more than three out of four patients. We conclude that high dose/large field radiation therapy has some advantages for patients with inoperable lung cancer.
Adiponectin: Are Measurements Clinically Useful in Pregnancy?

Adiponectin (AdpN) is an abundant protein that circulates in blood in microgram quantities. Although AdpN is primarily produced by adipose tissue, the paradox of AdpN is that plasma concentrations decrease with increasing adiposity (1,2). AdpN concentrations are decreased in obesity (3) and obesity-related complications—for example, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and in pregnancy (4,5). AdpN exerts pleiotropic actions including potent insulin sensitizing properties. Studies in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) suggest that the deficiency of AdpN triggers the progression to insulin resistance and the development of metabolic inflammation (recently reviewed in ref. 6). This has encouraged numerous groups to investigate whether AdpN could serve as a systemic biomarker that would predict the risk of diabetes. A link between hypoadiponectinemia and reduced insulin action also exists in pregnancy. In healthy women, AdpN levels reach their lowest concentrations in the third trimester when maternal insulin resistance is greatest (5,7). The low AdpN concentrations in the third trimester are further accentuated in GDM (8). Total AdpN and high molecular weight AdpN and the high molecular weight-to-AdpN ratio are inversely related to insulin resistance as estimated by clamp studies in early and late pregnancy (5). Maternal AdpN does not cross the placenta and consequently does not contribute to fetal adiponectinemia (9). Contrary to other cytokines, AdpN is not expressed nor produced by the placenta (10–12). Similar to the nonpregnant state, these characteristics underscore that maternal adipose tissue is the major source of maternal plasma AdpN, which thus can be assessed as an independent maternal biomarker (Fig. 1). …
Transmission of Progressive Images Over Noisy Channels: An End-to-End Statistical Optimization Framework

We present a statistical optimization framework for solving the end-to-end problem of multiple antenna transmission of progressive images over noisy channels. Such channels exhibit temporally correlated loss characteristics and are associated with wireless communication links. In our study, we protect the progressive bitstream associated with an image source utilizing a family of rate compatible punctured Reed-Solomon (RS) product codes along with receiver feedback. We consider the impacts of transmission bit errors as well as packet erasures. To cope with the impact of random bit errors, we formulate an optimization problem aimed at minimizing the end-to-end expected distortion of a reconstructed image subject to rate and efficiency constraints. In order to eliminate the impact of packet erasures, we propose utilizing an algorithm that is capable of statistically guaranteeing the delivery of a number of packet sets associated with a progressive bitstream. Our experiments capture the effects of embedding multiple antennas in the transmission of progressive images over wireless tandem channels. Under identical power constraints, our results show that increasing the number of antennas on either transmitting or receiving sides improves the quality of a reconstructed image. Further, the use of receive diversity used in conjunction with simple communication coding schemes such as maximum ration combining (MRC) yields more improvements than the use of transmit diversity used in conjunction with comparable communication coding schemes such as space-time block code (STBC). Finally, the use of receiver feedback can further improve the quality of an image reconstructed in the absence of feedback.
Registration of three dimensional left atrial images with interventional systems.

Image registration is the process of aligning images.1,2 During interventional procedures to deliver electrical therapy, the catheters or leads are usually manipulated under the guidance of a fluoroscopy system. Typically, as in the case of ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most complex of the cardiac arrhythmias, mapping and ablation catheters must be manipulated in and around the pulmonary veins (PVs) and the left atrium (LA).3–5 These anatomical structures are not visualised by x ray fluoroscopy as they do not present contrast against the surrounding anatomical structures. Currently available cardiac mapping systems can record catheter location, cardiac electrical activation information, and lesion location.6–9 However, these systems cannot reproduce complex cardiac chamber anatomy such as the LA-PV junction. Segmentation of various body organs can be performed by such imaging techniques as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging.10–12 However, these imaging systems are not capable of tracking a catheter in real time or recording electrical activation. Combining the explicit three dimensional (3D) anatomy of a cardiac chamber such as the LA with the electrical and navigational information obtained with an interventional system, through a process known as registration, should increase the efficacy of ablation procedures. Although various other modalities have been used in an attempt to delineate cardiac structures, 3D imaging of the LA using CT will be discussed in detail in this review. Currently, there is little application of 3D image registration in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. This review will describe the methods available for cardiac image registration in an attempt to give the reader a grasp of the main concept of registration without getting into great detail on the mathematical constructs underlying this evolving new technology. In 1895, in Birmingham, England, soon after the discovery of the x ray, a …
Electrochemical Studies in Glass: III, The System CoO‐Na2Si2O5*

A solid electrolyte electrochemical cell of the type Pt|Ni: NiOa=1‖ZrO2+7.5% CaO‖Co:CoOa<1+Na2Si2O5 glass|Pt was used to measure the activities of cobaltous oxide in Na2Si2O5, glass from 700° to 1100°C. From the variation in CoO activity, the activity of NS2 glass in solution was calculated. Partial molar free energies and entropies of solution and free energies and entropies of mixing of these components were calculated from activity data. A partial phase diagram for the CoO-Na2Si2o5 system is proposed from the solubility data of this study. The solubility of CoO in Na2Si2O5 glass varies from 44 to 52 mol% (∼24 to 31 wt%) over this temperature range. Comparison of partial molar entropies of Fe0.95O, CoO, and NiO in glass solution suggests that the structure is basically the same for a given O/Si ratio. Solubility limits are determined by the relative strengths of the –cation–O–cation– and –Si–O–cation-bond assemblages.
Can Immersive Virtual Humans Teach Social Conversational Protocols

We investigated the effects of using immersive virtual humans to teach users social conversational verbal and non-verbal protocols in south Indian culture. The study was conducted using a between-subjects experimental design, and compared instruction and interactive feedback from immersive virtual humans against instruction based on a written study guide with illustrations of the social protocols. Participants were then tested on how well they learned the social conversational protocols by exercising the social conventions in front of videos of real people. The results of our study suggest that participants who trained with the virtual humans performed significantly better than the participants who studied from literature.
The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in young adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): 1999–2006

Objective To examine the association between breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Design Cross-sectional. Three breakfast groups were identified, breakfast skippers (BS), ready-to-eat-cereal (RTEC) consumers and other breakfast (OB) consumers, using a 24 h dietary recall. Risk factors were compared between the breakfast groups using covariate-adjusted statistical procedures. Setting The 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA. Subjects Young adults (20–39 years of age). Results Among these young adults ( n 5316), 23·8 % were BS, 16·5 % were RTEC consumers and 59·7 % were OB consumers. Relative to the BS, the RTEC consumers were 31 %, 39 %, 37 %, 28 %, 23 %, 40 % and 42 % less likely to be overweight/obese or have abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol, reduced serum HDL-cholesterol or elevated serum insulin, respectively. Relative to the OB consumers, the BS were 1·24, 1·26 and 1·44 times more likely to have elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum LDL-cholesterol or reduced serum HDL-cholesterol, respectively. Relative to the OB consumers, the RTEC consumers were 22 %, 31 % and 24 % less likely to be overweight/obese or have abdominal obesity or elevated blood pressure, respectively. No difference was seen in the prevalence of the MetS by breakfast skipping or type of breakfast consumed. Conclusions Results suggest that consumption of breakfast, especially that included an RTEC, was associated with an improved cardiometabolic risk profile in US young adults. Additional studies are needed to determine the nature of these relationships.
Extending Support for English Language Learners: A University Outreach Program

As universities in English-speaking countries recruit and enroll international students, a variety of forms of support are typically offered on and off campus to help students make a successful transition. The most common challenges for non-native English-speaking international students are linguistic and cultural. In spite of meeting English proficiency score requirements for admission, students report struggling with the demands of academic English. This article describes a model for an on-site English language program to help students improve their levels of English proficiency prior to their arrival. Program effectiveness was assessed through pre and post test measures of students’ English language skills, interviews with stakeholders, and observations. Students’ gains in proficiency were moderate due to the limited amount of time they had available for course attendance and study, but gains in affective factors were strong. Challenges in the implementation of the program and how they were resolved are described.
Pulsed and self electrical breakdown in biodegradable oil

Summary form only given, as follows. The fundamental breakdown physics of biodegradable oil is investigated with a set up that employs a cable discharge into a coaxial system with axial discharge and load line to simulate a matched terminating impedance. No discontinuities are created in the system lines when entering the discharge chamber with the implementation of a unique feed-through design. The entire impedance of the system is matched at 50 ohms. A novel design for impedance matching transitions from the discharge cable to the coaxial system to the load line allow for a sub-nanosecond response. Final results are measured on pulsed and self breakdown voltages of up to 200 kV. Self breakdown is achieved by charging the discharge cable and load line to +/- 100 kV respectively. Pulsed breakdown is achieved by charging the discharge cable and load line to +100 kV. Shorting the discharge cable generates a reflected negatively polarized pulse causing breakdown. High speed electrical and optical diagnostics have temporal resolution down to several 100 ps A complete range of information from amplitudes of 0.1 mA to 1 kA with temporal resolutions of 300 ps is achieved by using transmission line type current sensors with fast amplifiers. Capacitive voltage dividers with fast attenuators are also used. Optical measurements are performed on low level light emission using spatially resolved, fast photo-multiplier tubes (risetime of 800 ps), supplemented with high speed photography and spectroscopic investigations on a nanosecond timescale Detailed optical and spectroscopic diagnostic along with high speed electrical diagnostics will address the mechanism initiating/assisting biodegradable oil volume breakdown.
Language and Social Interaction: Its Institutional Identity, Intellectual Landscape, and Discipline‐Shifting Agenda

Les As. proposent une revue des etudes sur le role de l'interaction sociale dans la construction du sens du langage. Ils retracent l'historique de ce champ d'etudes et decrivent les traits caracteristiques des principales directions de recherche qui s'y sont developpees
Validation of syndromic surveillance for respiratory infections.

Study objective A key public health question is whether syndromic surveillance data provide early warning of infectious outbreaks. One cause for skepticism is that biological correlates of the administrative and clinical data used in these systems have not been rigorously assessed. This study measures the value of respiratory data currently used in syndromic surveillance systems to detect respiratory infections by comparing it against criterion standard viral testing within a pediatric population. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study with prospective validation in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care children's hospital. Children aged 7 years or younger who presented with a respiratory syndrome or who were tested for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, or enterovirus between January 1993 and June 2004 were included. We assessed the predictive ability of the viral tests by fitting generalized linear models to respiratory syndrome counts. Results Of 582,635 patient visits, 89,432 (15.4%) were for respiratory syndromes, and of these, 7,206 (8.1%) patients were tested for the viruses of interest. RSV was significantly related to respiratory syndrome counts (adjusted rate ratio [RR] 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 1.71). In multivariate models including all viruses tested, influenza virus was also a significant predictor of respiratory syndrome counts (RR 1.47; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.10). This model accounted for 81.6% of the observed variability in respiratory syndrome counts. Conclusion Respiratory syndromic surveillance data strongly correlate with virologic test results in a pediatric population, providing evidence of the biologic validity of such surveillance systems. Real-time outbreak detection systems relying on syndromic data may be an important adjunct to the current set of public health systems for the detection and surveillance of respiratory infections.
SAWDUST: a Semi-Automated Wizard Dialogue Utterance Selection Tool for domain-independent large-domain dialogue

We present a tool that allows human wizards to select appropriate response utterances for a given dialogue context from a set of utterances observed in a dialogue corpus. Such a tool can be used in Wizard-of-Oz studies and for collecting data which can be used for training and/or evaluating automatic dialogue models. We also propose to incorporate such automatic dialogue models back into the tool as an aid in selecting utterances from a large dialogue corpus. The tool allows a user to rank candidate utterances for selection according to these automatic models. 1 Motivation Dialogue corpora play an increasingly important role as a resource for dialogue system creation. In addition to its traditional roles, such as training language models for speech recognition and natural language understanding, the dialogue corpora can be directly used for the selection approach to response formation (Gandhe and Traum, 2010). In the selection approach, the response is formulated by simply picking the appropriate utterance from a set of previously observed utterances. This approach is used in many wizard of oz systems, where the wizard presses a button to select an utterance, as well as in many automated
Toward selecting and recognizing natural landmarks

Landmarks are often used as a basis for mobile robot navigation. In this paper, we consider the problem of automatically selecting from a set of 3D features the subset which is most likely to be recognized from noisy monocular image data and is least likely to be confused with any other group of features. Assuming perspective projection, real valued recognition functions are constructed for a set of features. The value returned from such functions are invariant to changes of viewpoint and can be evaluated directly from image measurements without prior knowledge of the position and orientation of the camera. With image noise, the recognition function no longer evaluates to a constant value. Because of the possibility of false matches, a Bayes detector is used to determine the optimal range of values of the recognition function that will be accepted as image features of the model. The model with the lowest Bayes cost is selected as the most distinguishable landmark. We show implementation results for real 3D objects.
Hispanic Community Types and Assimilation in Mex-America

I argue that discrepancies among Hispanic assimilation models can be interpreted through three distinct types of Hispanic communities—continuous, discontinuous, and new. Continuous communities were founded by Hispanics and Hispanics have always been the majority population. As a result, Hispanics have not assimilated as predicted by traditional models. Discontinuous communities were originally settled by Hispanics, but eventually were filled by a minority population. Since WWII, many of these communities have experienced a Hispanic demographic resurgence making assimilation more problematic. Hispanics in new communities are recent immigrants to Anglo dominant communities and are more apt to follow the traditional assimilation model.
Physical hierarchy generation with routing congestion control

In this paper, we develop a multi-level physical hierarchy generation (mPG) algorithm integrated with fast incremental global routing for directly updating and optimizing congestion cost during placement. The fast global routing is achieved by using a fast two-bend routing and incremental A-tree algorithm. The routing congestion is modeled by the wire usage estimated by the fast global router. A hierarchical area density control is also developed for placing objects with significant size variations. Experimental results show that, compared to Gordian-L, the wire length driven mPG is 3-6.5 times faster and generates slightly better wire length for test circuits larger than 100K cells. Moreover, the congestion driven mPG improves 50% wiring overflow with 5% larger bounding box wire length but 3-6% shorter routing wire length measured by graph based A-tree.
Twins switched at birth: a case from the Canary Islands.

Monozygotic (MZ) twins switched at birth represent a rare class of twins who are reared apart and reunited (MZA). Background data and descriptive findings from a case study of such a pair, born thirty-six years ago in the Canary Islands, are presented. The next section reviews a twin study of materialism and an essay addressing relations between MZ twinning and human reproductive cloning. This article concludes with summaries of several newsworthy, twin-related items. They include the multiple birth consequences of artificial reproductive technology, the friendly rivalry between identical twin college presidents, a joint venture in real estate and a tribute to a deceased twin.
Incorporation of L-azetidine-2-car☐ylic acid into hemoglobin in rabbit reticulocytes

Abstract L-Azetidine-2-car☐ylic acid (AZA), the lower homologue of proline, was incorporated into hemoglobin in rabbit reticulocytes in vitro . Hydrolysis of [14C] AZA-hemolobin with 3 N p-toluenesulfonic acid and subsequent amino acid analysis resulted in recovery of 90% of the initial radioactivity in fractions containing added free AZA standard. An additional 6% of the radioactivity eluted with homoserine, a known degradation product of AZA. After tryptic digestion of [14C] AZA-hemoglobin, less than 9% of radioactivity eluted near added free AZA standard, while 91% of radioactivity was located in tryptic peptides elsewhere on the chromatogram. These data provide the first demonstration of AZA incorporation into a mammalian protein.
Motion-based threat detection using microrods: experiments and numerical simulations

Motion-based chemical sensing using microscale particles has attracted considerable recent attention. In this paper, we report on new experiments and Brownian dynamics simulations that cast light on the dynamics of both passive and active microrods (gold wires and gold–platinum micromotors) in a silver ion gradient. We demonstrate that such microrods can be used for threat detection in the form of a silver ion source, allowing for the determination of both the location of the source and concentration of silver. This threat detection strategy relies on the diffusiophoretic motion of both passive and active microrods in the ionic gradient and on the speed acceleration of the Au–Pt micromotors in the presence of silver ions. A Langevin model describing the microrod dynamics and accounting for all of these effects is presented, and key model parameters are extracted from the experimental data, thereby providing a reliable estimate for the full spatiotemporal distribution of the silver ions in the vicinity of the source.
Synthesis of [4a-13C]-6-methyltetrahydropterin

The synthesis of [4a-13C]-6-methyltetrahydropterin, a synthetic cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, is described. [2-13C]-ethyl bromoacetate was converted in four steps to [5-13C]-2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine in 86% yield. The latter was nitrosated, reduced, condensed with pyruvic aldehyde, and reduced to afford pure [4a-13C]-6-methyltetrahydropterin in a net overall yield of 16%.
Sour Top-of-the-Line Corrosion in the Presence of Acetic Acid

Abstract Under stratified flow and dewing conditions, internal corrosion can occur at the top of horizontal pipelines where continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors does not have a mitigating e...
Laparoscopic Management of Pregnancy in a Patient with Uterus Didelphys, Obstructed Hemivagina, and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis

Abstract Pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn is a rare and potentially lethal condition. The highest risk of rupture is reported to be during the late first and second trimester. The risk of rupture correlates with the thickness of the myometrium surrounding the fetal pole. In 2005, a 20-year-old woman was incompletely diagnosed by imaging studies and laparoscopy to have an absent right kidney, a bicornate uterus with a right rudimentary uterine horn and a single cervix, a transverse vaginal septum with hematocolpos, and endometriosis caused by reflux menstruation. The transverse vaginal septum was excised, and the surgeon observed a single cervix. Oral contraceptives were prescribed as complementary treatment for the endometriosis and associated dysmenorrhea. In 2009, magnetic resonance imaging confirmed resolution of hematocolpos and revealed a right cervix connected to the right horn of a uterus didelphys and covered by a partial longitudinal vaginal septum. The patient had a contraception failure and presented in 2010 at 9 6/7 weeks' gestation. By ultrasonography and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging, the pregnancy was in the right uterus and the corpus luteum was on the left ovary. The myometrium was thinned to 2 to 3 mm atop the gestational sac. Using the Harmonic ACE, laparoscopic excision of the right fallopian tube and a supracervical right hysterectomy with an intact pregnancy was performed. This case supports the Acien hypothesis that the vagina forms from both Mullerian and Wolffian duct elements, and it illustrates the risk for uterine rupture when pregnancy forms in a rudimentary structure; presumed transperitoneal migration of an ovum that was captured by the opposite fallopian tube; and surgical management of the in situ pregnancy by laparoscopic supracervical excision of the rudimentary uterine body.
The Opportunities in U.S.-Soviet Aid

The Opportunities in US-Soviet Aid, Together the United-States and the Soviet Union can exercise control over the world oil market.
Gender and jockography: post-feminism and resistance in female sports autobiographies

AbstractWhile research consistently shows news media’s devaluation of female athletes, “the jockography,” or sports autobiography, is one form of widely-consumed media through which female athletes can construct their own representation. However, there has been little consideration of the genre. This essay addresses this gap by analyzing how thirty women’s jockographies published since 1992 rhetorically construct female athletic identity and sports practice. It finds that most athletes, regardless of their sport or racial or class background, constitute their identities and participation in ways that reinforce post-feminist notions of upward mobility and heterosexual femininity while failing to confront inequalities affecting women in sport. Nevertheless, a few recent jockographies challenge normalizing discourses, asking readers to recognize differences between women and confront inequities shaping their athletic experiences.
Effects of retinoic acid versus dimethyl sulfoxide on friend erythroleukemia cell growth. I: Cell proliferation, RNA content, and protein content

The effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an oxidative product of vitamin A, on cell growth, cell cycle kinetics, RNA content, and protein content of exponentially growing Friend erythroleukemia (FL) cells was determined and compared with the results obtained with dimethyl sulfoxide [(DMSO) CAS: 67-68-5; methyl sulfoxide], an inducer of differentiation, and alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a potent inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity. Growth inhibition of FL cells was observed only during continuous treatment with RA. While RA did not prevent growth to a high cell density, if cultures were maintained in exponential growth, cell number was reduced by 37, 67.4, and 72.2% after 6-day exposure to 10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) M RA, respectively. In comparison, 280 mM (2%) DMSO and 5 mM DFMO inhibited growth over the same time course by 92 and 97.3%, respectively. DMSO resulted in an early, transient (18-24 hr) accumulation of cells in G1 phase followed by a later (5 day), irreversible accumulation of G1 cells. RA required several cell generations (48-72 hr) before a dose-dependent G1 accumulation was observed. Two populations of RA-treated FL cells could be identified: one with an intermediate RNA content (T-cells) similar to near-plateau-phase control cultures and the other with low RNA content (Q-cells) similar to that observed for DMSO-differentiated (D) cells. The kinetics of the decrease in RNA content of Q-cells paralleled those of D-cells in DMSO-treated cultures; the proportion of Q- versus T-cells in RA-treated cultures was dependent on both concentration and length of exposure. DFMO treatment did not give rise to low-RNA-containing Q-cells. Protein content of RA-treated cells was also diminished and approached that observed for hemoglobin-containing D-cells. FL cells were recoverable from long-term (greater than 5 days) treatment with RA, though 2-3 days were required for reestablishment of exponentially growing cultures; apparently only moderate RNA-containing T-cells repopulated the culture. Neither RA nor DFMO treatment gave rise to benzedine-positive, hemoglobin-containing cells as compared to DMSO that induced differentiation in these cultures.
Modeling Asymmetry of Information for a Sample of the Chilean Companies Using Deterministic and Stochastic Methodologies

In this research, a set of financial series with high frequency was modeled and forecasted using data from a sample of Chilean companies active in the capital market. We were worked with the series of Bid-Ask (Spread) as a measure of asymmetry of information. Both deterministic and stochastic methods of the sample of Chilean stock exchange were tested, for these purposes, we used intraday data equally spaced but with difference frequency from 2007 to 2013. The data included series belong to: service, energy, retail and mining companies. The deterministic forecasting methods used included Simple, Holt, Brown, and Damped Trend, and the stochastic forecast used were ARIMA (p, d, q), ARCH (p), GARCH (p, q), method. Besides were performed using functional curves including linear, logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic, growth-exponential, and logistic. Each forecast result was compared using goodness of fit indices of the Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error and R-squared index. The methodology include two step, first we were calculated the forecast for each year of the study, and second, we were estimated the forecast for the total period of the sample. For the first result, the ARIMA (p, d, q) models provided an adequate forecast for 97% of the cases, and for the second result, the ARCH (p), GARCH (p, q) and ARIMA (p, d, q) models, provided an adequate forecast for 70%, 15% and 15% of the cases, respectively. The identification of models for each of the series, could provide knowledge about presence of possible imperfect information in the Chilean market.
Patterns of Communication in Marketing Organizations

The authors of this article conducted extensive interviews in four large consumer goods firms, to study horizontal communication patterns among executives with marketing responsibilities.Their stud...
EFFECT OF PURIFIED OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON REDUCING LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (OMEGA-REMODEL STUDY: A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL)

Omega-3 fatty acid (PUFAs) may have a number of beneficial pleiotropic effects. One randomized trial demonstrated significant survival benefit for PUFAs following acute MI. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial of PUFA supplementation post acute MI. 358 patients were
Effects of parental care on the accumulation and release of cryptic genetic variation: review of mechanisms and a case study of dung beetles

Cryptic genetic variation plays an important role in the emergence of disease and evolutionary responses to environmental change. Focusing on parental care behavior, we discuss three mechanisms by which behavior can affect the accumulation and release of cryptic genetic variation. We illustrate how these hypotheses might be tested with preliminary data from Onthophagus dung beetles, which provide indirect parental care by provisioning their offspring with dung and sheltering them underground. The environmental stress hypothesis states that parental care reduces selection intensity on novel mutations when increased parental care results in a less stressful offspring environment. A review of recent literature, coupled with an irradiation experiment in beetles, suggests this mechanism may operate in some situations, but depends on the types of mutations under consideration. The relaxed selection hypothesis states that genes expressed in low care environments should be under weakened selection because their phenotypic manifestations are exposed to selection less frequently, and thus are prone to mutation accumulation. If parental care is reduced, for instance due to population-wide environmental changes, such cryptic variation may exert phenotypic effects, becoming exposed to selection. There is substantial theory in support of this hypothesis, and comparisons between beetle populations that differ in parental care behavior further support this idea. Finally, the compensation hypothesis states that organisms with direct parental care may be able to respond to cues or signals from offspring and compensate for genetic variants. We highlight the extensive discussion of this hypothesis with respect to medical care and genetic load in humans and explore invertebrate systems that may constitute powerful models for further inquiry. In summary, several mechanisms exist by which care behavior may shape the accumulation and release of cryptic genetic variation, thereby affecting the potential emergence of diseases and the rate and direction of evolutionary responses to novel environments.
Millimeter wave and terahertz dielectric probe microfluidic sensors

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a suite of dielectric probes for near-field and evanescent microfluidic sensing applications. Four different probe designs are studied. These structures are made from cylindrical alumina dielectric rods, and were integrated with microfluidic channels. Mixtures of two different solvents were used to characterize the probes. The sensitivity of the probes is measured under a continuous flow of liquids in the microfluidic channel. In comparison to evanescent wave probes, an improvement of up to 25X in sensitivity is obtained using the new probes.
Presidential “Going Bipartisan” and the Consequences for Institutional Approval

Although scholars have described how legislative efforts to spur bipartisanship fare, we have little knowledge about how bipartisanship can affect political opinions with their rhetoric or the most impactful message for opponents to respond. Using President Obama’s bipartisan speech to the GOP House Issues Conference in 2010, we look at the effect of the one-sided message on President Obama’s favorability rating. We then pair this message with three competing messages of varying partisanship to determine the degree of change (if any). The results show that the President’s one-sided message is effective, but if met with a competitive bipartisan message from the opposition party, approval of the President by all partisan groups increases even more. However, if the President’s bipartisan message frame is met using a partisan message from the opposition party, the President’s approval declines among all partisans, and approval of the Republicans in Congress increases but only for Republican identifiers.
Contributions to Biology of Insects.

Biology, Ecology, and Physiology have been placed under separate headings in this symposium and are being treated in different papers. Biology, however, can be discussed intelligently only in terms of these other subjects. For at least a half century we have been making detailed life history and biologic studies of a host of interesting and important species of insects. These studies, in reality, have been more or less complete observations of a succession or series of reactions to a variety or complex of internal and external stimuli. Hibernation is a response to atmospheric stimuli, directly and indirectly. The insects activities in the spring usually begin by responses to the same types of stimuli and the insect comes from hibernation. The flight to the food plant is a specific response. Mating, egg laying, hatching of the egg, feeding, growth, pupation, emergence, and every portion of the biologic record is a reaction to a stimulus, chemical or physical. These are the phenomena we observe in biologic work yet none of these data can be obtained without certain ecologic conditions and physiologic processes. If factors cause certain stimuli to vary or alter the complex, the biology is changed.
Tracking dental patient tobacco use and intervention in the academic clinical setting.

The purpose of this study was to illustrate one method of tracking patients’ tobacco use and monitoring cessation interventions with electronic dental records in an academic dental setting. Records from 465 tobacco users were analyzed to assess patients’ tobacco use and providers’ intervention techniques. The results indicate that 75 percent of the patients whose records were analyzed had used tobacco for more than ten years and the cold turkey approach was the most common cessation method. Ninety-seven percent of the patients whose records were analyzed used cigarettes. The most common pharmacotherapy recommended in combination with counseling for smoking cessation was the nicotine patch, followed by nicotine gum, varenicline (Chantix), the nicotine lozenge, bupropion SR (Zyban), and the nicotine oral inhaler. Incorporating tobacco use questions into the electronic dental record can ensure that tobacco use and intervention techniques are addressed and documented in dental records. Electronic dental records provide an opportunity to collect data related to tobacco use and intervention techniques for purposes of further evaluation and research.
Protective effects of glycine during hypothermic renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

The objective of this investigation was to test the effects of glycine, a cytoprotectant in normothermic in vitro models of renal ischemia, in a model of hypothermic renal preservation injury. This study also probes possible physiological mechanisms of glycine protection during renal hypothermic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Canine kidneys were subjected to 48 h of hypothermic ischemia (4 degrees C) after intravascular flush with cold conventional Collins solution (G. H. Collins, M. B. Bravo-Shugarman, and P. I. Terasaki, Lancet 2: 1219-1223, 1969) and were subsequently revascularized for 1 h. After 1 h of reperfusion, glomerular filtration rate, urine production, and electrolyte excretion were dramatically higher when the Collins flush contained 5 mM glycine, compared with the 0 mM glycine controls. Renal tissue adenine nucleotides and glutathione levels progressively declined with graded cold ischemia times, and glycine had no effect on these levels. However, renal tissue ATP levels (but not glutathione) were significantly higher when kidneys were flushed with glycine, stored for 48 h, and reoxygenated in vitro for 1 h at 37 degrees C, compared with kidneys flushed without glycine. Analysis of CoA esters from ischemic renal tissue indicated altered production of only butyryl CoA after 48 and 72 h of cold ischemia, but no differences were detected in glycine or control kidneys. In conclusion, this study reports dramatic functional preservation with glycine in kidneys subjected to hypothermic ischemia and in vivo reperfusion. The mechanisms of these effects appear not to be attributable to the maintenance of cellular adenine nucleotide or glutathione levels nor to the scavenging of accumulated amphipathic acyl CoA esters.
A mechanistic interpretation of the resonant wave-particle interaction

This paper provides a simple mechanistic interpretation of the resonant wave-particle interaction of Landau. For the simple case of a Langmuir wave in a Vlasov plasma, the non-resonant electrons satisfy an oscillator equation that is driven resonantly by the bare electric field from the resonant electrons, and in the case of wave damping, this complex driver field is of a phase to reduce the oscillation amplitude. The wave-particle resonant interaction also occurs in waves governed by 2D E × B drift dynamics, such as a diocotron wave. In this case, the bare electric field from the resonant electrons causes E × B drift motion back in the core plasma, reducing the amplitude of the wave.