cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maturation of cGMP response to ANP by isolated glomeruli.

Experiments were done to determine whether there is a maturational increase in production of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) by glomeruli or in eggression of cGMP out of glomerular cells. Both preweaned and adult isolated rat glomeruli responded with an acute rise in intracellular cGMP after 0.5-min exposure to 0.1 microM ANP. However, at 4 h extracellular cGMP was significantly greater in ANP-treated adult compared with preweaned glomeruli (P less than 0.005). In the absence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) intracellular cGMP was significantly higher in preweaned glomeruli (P less than 0.05). Moreover, the specific activity of phosphodiesterases for cGMP hydrolysis was twofold less in preweaned glomerular membranes (P less than 0.004). Finally, probenecid decreased export of adult glomerular cGMP by 60 +/- 4%, whereas preweaned glomerular cGMP export decreased by only 27 +/- 4% (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, compared with adult, ANP-treated preweaned glomeruli export less cGMP out of...
Plants defective in calcium oxalate crystal formation have more bioavailable calcium

Bioavailable calcium affects bone formation and calcification. Here we investigate how a single gene mutation altering calcium partitioning in the forage crop Medicago truncatula affects calcium bi...
Peritoneal Dialysis Access

A well functioning access is crucial for optimal performance of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Proper catheter selection and placement in pediatric patients must take into account the unique requirements of infants, children and adolescents. This chapter reviews the characteristics of the PD catheter, the surgical approach to catheter placement, post-implantation care and the diagnosis and treatment of common catheter related complications, all of which must be taken into account as part of access management. A thorough understanding of these topics by the nephrologist, surgeon and dialysis nurse and implementation of the combined evidence and opinion based recommendations provided will contribute to successful PD therapy.
Corpus Callosum Agenesis and Osseous Lesions

A new mental retardation syndrome with agenesis of the corpus callosum and unusual bone changes is reported from the Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
A role for Hox5 genes in T cell function during chronic allergic inflammation (HYP7P.268)

Allergic asthma is a significant health burden in western countries, and continues to increase in prevalence. T helper 2 (Th2) cells contribute to the development of disease through release of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, resulting in increased airway eosinophils and mucus hypersecretion. While many factors are involved in the development of allergic asthma, the molecular mechanisms behind the disease remain largely unknown. As the three members of the Hox5 gene family ( Hoxa5 , Hoxb5 and Hoxc5 ) have been shown to play a role in lung development, we asked whether these genes also play a role in the adult lung in response to disease. We found that Hox5 -deficient mice show exacerbated pathology compared to wild-type controls in a chronic allergen model, with an increased Th2 response as well as changes in lung tissue pathology. Examination of T cells from naive wild-type or Hox5 -deficient mice in Th2 polarizing conditions showed increased proliferation, enhanced Gata3 expression and production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in Hox5 -deficient mice compared to wild-type controls. Overexpression of FLAG-tagged HOX5 proteins in Jurkat cells demonstrated HOX5 binding to the Gata3 locus, supporting a role for HOX5 proteins in direct transcriptional control of Th2 development. These results reveal a novel role for Hox5 genes as developmental regulators of immune cell function and Th2-induced pathology during allergic disease in the lung.
Candidate pathogenicity islands in the genome of 'Candidatus Rickettsiella isopodorum', an intracellular bacterium infecting terrestrial isopod crustaceans.

The bacterial genus Rickettsiellabelongs to the order Legionellales in the Gammaproteobacteria, and consists of several described species and pathotypes, most of which are considered to be intracellular pathogens infecting arthropods. Two members of this genus, R. grylliand R. isopodorum, are known to infect terrestrial isopod crustaceans. In this study, we assembled a draft genomic sequence for R. isopodorum, and performed a comparative genomic analysis with R. grylli. We found evidence for several candidate genomic island regions in R. isopodorum, none of which appear in the previously available R. grylli genome sequence.Furthermore, one of these genomic island candidates in R. isopodorum contained a gene that encodes a cytotoxin partially homologous to those found in Photorhabdus luminescensand Xenorhabdus nematophilus (Enterobacteriaceae), suggesting that horizontal gene transfer may have played a role in the evolution of pathogenicity in Rickettsiella. These results lay the groundwork for future studies on the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis in R. isopodorum, and this system may provide a good model for studying the evolution of host-microbe interactions in nature.
Residential Segregation and Racial Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review

This paper provides the first review of empirical studies of segregation and black-white cancer disparities. We searched all years of PubMed (through May 2016) using these terms: racial segregation, residential segregation, neighborhood racial composition (first terms) and (second terms) cancer incidence, mortality, survival, stage at diagnosis, screening. The 17 (of 668) articles that measured both segregation and a cancer outcome were retained. Segregation contributed significantly to cancer and to racial cancer disparities in 70% of analyses, even after controlling for socioeconomic status and health insurance. Residing in segregated African-American areas was associated with higher odds of later-stage diagnosis of breast and lung cancers, higher mortality rates and lower survival rates from breast and lung cancers, and higher cumulative cancer risks associated with exposure to ambient air toxics. There were no studies of many types of cancer (e.g., cervical). Studies differed in their measure of segregation, and 40% used an invalid measure. Possible mediators of the segregation effect usually were not tested. Empirical analysis of segregation and racial cancer disparities is a recent area of research. The literature is limited to 17 studies that focused primarily on breast cancer. Studies differed in their measure of segregation, yet segregation nonetheless contributed to cancer and to racial cancer disparities in 70% of analyses. This suggests the need for further research that uses valid measures of segregation, examines a variety of types of cancers, and explores the variables that may mediate the segregation effect.
Polyol-induced partitioning of essential oils in water/acetonitrile solvent mixtures

Polyol-induced extraction (PIE) is applied to the extraction of essential oils, using glycerol as a mass separating agent. In 1:1 acetonitrile (ACN)/water solvent mixtures, two immiscible phases ca...
The role of top-down suppression in mitigating the disruptive effects of task-irrelevant feature changes in visual working memory

Studies of change detection have shown that changing the task-irrelevant features of remembered objects impairs change detection for task-relevant features, a phenomenon known as the irrelevant change effect. Although this effect is pronounced at short study-test intervals, it is eliminated at longer delays. This has prompted the proposal that although all features of attended objects are initially stored together in visual working memory (VWM), top-down control can be used to suppress task-irrelevant features over time. The present study reports the results of three experiments aimed at testing the top-down suppression hypothesis. Experiments 1 and 2 tested whether the magnitude or time course of the irrelevant change effect was affected by the concurrent performance of a demanding executive load task (counting backwards by threes). Contrary to the top-down suppression view, the decreased availability of executive resources did not prolong the duration of the irrelevant change effect in either experiment, as would be expected if these resources were necessary to actively suppress task-irrelevant features. Experiment 3 showed that a visual pattern mask eliminates the irrelevant change effect and suggests that the source of the effect may lie in the use a high-resolution, sensory memory representation to match the memory and test displays when no task-irrelevant feature changes are present. These results suggest that the dissipation of the irrelevant change effect over time likely does not depend on the use of top-down control and raises questions about what can be inferred about the nature of storage in VWM from studies of this effect.
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) while effective HCV treatment decreases the incidence of CKD

We assessed the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients and the incidence reduction of CKD after receipt of HCV treatment. We also evaluated the risk of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and cryoglobulinemia in chronic HCV patients. A retrospective cohort analysis of the Truven Health MarketScan Database (2008-2015) in the United States was conducted. In a cohort of 56,448 HCV-infected patients and 169,344 propensity score (1:3)-matched non-HCV patients, we examined the association of HCV infection with the incidence of CKD. Of 55,818 HCV patients, 6.6 % (n = 3666), 6.3% (n = 3534), and 8.3% (n = 4628) patients received either interferon-based dual, triple, or all-oral direct acting antiviral agent therapy, respectively, whereas 79% of patients did not receive any HCV treatment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of developing CKD in HCV patients compared with non-HCV patients and treated patients compared with untreated HCV patients. In a multivariate time-varying Cox regression model, HCV-infected patients had a 27% increased risk of CKD compared with non-HCV patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.37). Among HCV patients, individuals who received the minimally effective HCV treatment for dual, triple, or all-oral therapy had a 30% decreased risk of developing CKD (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88). In addition, HCV-infected patients experienced a twofold and a nearly 17-fold higher risk of MPGN (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.84-2.71) and cryoglobulinemia (HR, 16.91; 95% CI, 12.00-23.81) respectively, compared with non-HCV patients. Conclusion: HCV-infected individuals in the United States are at greater risk of developing CKD, MPGN, and cryoglobulinemia. Minimally effective treatment of HCV infection can prevent the development of CKD, although the association was not significant for all-oral therapy. (Hepatology 2018;67:492-504).
Development of Novel N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) Based Hydrogels with Varying Content of Chrysin Multiacrylate

A series of novel temperature responsive hydrogels were synthesized by free radical polymerization with varying content of chrysin multiacrylate (ChryMA). The goal was to study the impact of this novel polyphenolic-based multiacrylate on the properties of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) hydrogels. The temperature responsive behavior of the copolymerized gels was characterized by swelling studies, and their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was characterized through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was shown that the incorporation of ChryMA decreased the swelling ratios of the hydrogels and shifted their LCSTs to a lower temperature. Gels with different ChryMA content showed different levels of response to temperature change. Higher content gels had a broader phase transition and smaller temperature response, which could be attributed to the increased hydrophobicity being introduced by the ChryMA.
Assessment of cumulative health risk in the World Trade Center general responder cohort

Background Multiple comorbidities have been reported among rescue/recovery workers responding to the 9/11/2001 WTC disaster. In this study, we developed an index that quantifies the cumulative physiological burden of comorbidities and predicts life expectancy in this cohort. Methods A machine learning approach (gradient boosting) was used to model the relationship between mortality and several clinical parameters (laboratory test results, blood pressure, pulmonary function measures). This model was used to construct a risk index, which was validated by assessing its association with a number of health outcomes within the WTC general responder cohort. Results The risk index showed significant associations with mortality, self-assessed physical health, and onset of multiple chronic conditions, particularly COPD, hypertension, asthma, and sleep apnea. Conclusion As an aggregate of several clinical parameters, this index serves as a cumulative measure of physiological dysregulation and could be utilized as a prognostic indicator of life expectancy and morbidity risk.
High-Stakes Collaborative Testing: Why Not?

Phenomenon: Studies of high-stakes collaborative testing remain sparse, especially in medical education. We explored high-stakes collaborative testing in medical education, looking specifically at the experiences of students in established and newly formed teams. APPROACH Third-year psychiatry students at 5 medical schools across 6 sites participated, with 4 participating as established team sites and 2 as comparison team sites. For the collaborative test, we used the National Board of Medical Examiners Psychiatry subject test, administering it via a 2-stage process. Students at all sites were randomly selected to participate in a focus group, with 8-10 students per site (N = 49). We also examined quantitative data for additional triangulation. FINDINGS Students described a range of heightened emotions around the collaborative test yet perceived it as valuable regardless if they were in established or newly formed teams. Students described learning about the subject matter, themselves, others, and interpersonal dynamics during collaborative testing. Triangulation of these results via quantitative data supported these themes. Insights: Despite student concerns, high-stakes collaborative tests may be both valuable and feasible. The data suggest that high-stakes tests (tests of learning or summative evaluation) could also become tests for learning or formative evaluation. The paucity of research into this methodology in medical education suggests more research is needed.
Operationen bei Kolonobstruktion — Kolonileus

Viele anerkannte und erfahrene Abdominalchirurgen vertreten den Standpunkt, das bei einer mechanischen Obstruktion des Kolons die primare Resektion im Sinne der Hemikolektomie reehts mit Ileoanastomose zu vertreten ist. Anastomosen bei mechanischen Verengungen des Dunndarms sind viel leichter auszufuhren, als solche am Kolon. Besteht jedoch aufgrund einer Dickdarmverlegung eine Stuhlanstauung im Transversum, ist es besser, die Primaranastomose zu unterlassen. Ebenso sollten Anastomosen nicht primar bei solchen Patienten erfolgen, die notfallmasig einer Resektion bei bereits eingetretener Peritonitis unterzogen werden mussen. Derartige Falle werden besser durch Resektion mit temporarer Ileostomie und separater Einpflanzung der proximalen bzw. distalen Resektionsrander behandelt. Man sollte die primare Resektion und Anastomose bei Obstruktionen im Bereich des linken Kolons nicht erzwingen. Diese Eingriffe haben eine viel hohere Mortalitat als wenn der Prozes im Sinne des mehrzeitigen Vorgehens ausgefuhrt wird. (Zunachst Entlastungskolostomie, beim Zweiteingriff Resektion und beim Dritteingriff Ruckverlagerung der Kolostomie). Bei Kolonperforationen auf dem Boden von Dickdarmverlegungen im Bereich des linken Kolons empflehlt sich immer die sofortige Resektion bzw. Vorlagerungsoperation mit nachtraglicher Anastomosierung.
The impact of unplanned conversion to an open procedure during minimally invasive pancreatectomy

Abstract Background Minimally invasive pancreatic resection (MIPR) is being increasingly utilized. Outcomes for patients experiencing unplanned conversion to an open procedure during MIPR have been incompletely assessed. We sought to determine the short-term outcomes and factors associated with unplanned conversion during MIPR. Methods A retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program pancreatectomy-targeted data set was conducted. Successful MIPR was compared with unplanned conversion. Propensity matching was used to separately compare unplanned conversion during MIPR with planned open pancreatectomy. Results Unplanned conversion occurred in 24.6% of 350 attempted minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD) and 19.6% of 1174 attempted minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP). Conversion was associated with greater overall morbidity and 30-day mortality compared with successful MIPR for both MIPD and MIDP. After matching, unplanned conversion resulted in outcomes equivalent or inferior to open pancreatectomy. Factors significantly associated with unplanned conversion during MIPD included intermediate gland texture, vascular resection, hypertension, disseminated cancer, and chronic steroid use. For MIDP, male sex, hard gland texture, vascular resection, smoking, and recent weight loss were independently associated with conversion. A robotic approach was inversely associated with conversion for MIPD and MIDP. Conclusions Unplanned conversion during MIPR is associated with greater morbidity and 30-day mortality. Conversion resulted in outcomes that, at best, mimicked those of open pancreatectomy. Several risk factors including the need for vascular resection are associated with unplanned conversion and should be acknowledged when planning an operative approach.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in adult patients with biliary atresia: PROCESS-compliant case series

AbstractIntroduction:Biliary atresia is a progressive inflammatory disease of the bile duct that eventually results in biliary cirrhosis. It is a rare neonatal disease that mandates treatment within the first 2 years of life in order for the infant to survive. Patients usually undergo palliative Kas
Heparin cofactor activity following thermal injury.

The activity of heparin cofactor, the major natural anticoagulant in human plasma, is deficient in disorders such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Heparin cofactor activity was measured in plasmas from 20 burned patients and from Pseudomonas-infected and non-infected scald-burned rats by a modified thrombin time method using dilutions of test plasma in the presence of excess heparin and fibrinogen. Heparin cofactor activity appears to behave as an acute-phase reactant in the burned patients, increasing immediately after the burn is sustained. While with small burns it slowly returns to normal, with large burns there is a substantial reduction in activity, which is associated with infection with gram-negative organisms, coagulation changes suggestive of intravascular coagulation, and a 70% mortality rate. Heparin cofactor activity, higher in control rats than in control patients, increased immediately after the injury was sustained and remained elevated in the rat. When the animal was lethally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa after the thermal injury, there was a precipitous decline in activity subsequent to the initial increase. While alterations in the procoagulant system in burned patients have been studied, changes in the anticoagulant system have not. The present data indicate that heparin cofactor activity appears related to the size of the burn wound and the presence of infection, and may mirror the general hemostatic balance of the patient. The in-creased incidence of DIC and thromboembolic phenomena in thermally injured patients may reflect the role of heparin cofactor activity in the pathophysiology of thermal injury.
A VIEW FROM THE UNITED NATIONS

Since the turn of the century, several International agreements have been formulated to limit the use of mind altering addictive drugs to medical and scientific purposes. The league of Nations and the United Nations have sponsored throughout the years International conventions aimed at establishing the legal instruments which are essential for achieving such a goal. It is timely to recall the resolutions of these major conventions which express the concern of men of good will who wish to help preserve the future of mankind.
Exploiting opportunistic overhearing to improve performance of mutual exclusion in wireless ad hoc networks

We design two mutual exclusion algorithms for wireless networks. Our mutual exclusion algorithms are distributed token based algorithms which exploit the opportunistic message overhearing in wireless networks. One of the algorithms is based on overhearing of token transmission. In the other algorithm, overhearing of both token and request messages is exploited. The design goal is to decrease the number of transmitted messages and delay per critical section entry using the information obtained from overheard messages.
Use of a comprehensive frailty assessment to predict morbidity in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing transplant.

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of aging adults and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is considered the standard of care. As the population ages a growing number of older adults will undergo ASCT and an objective approach to estimate physiologic reserve and transplant morbidity risk is warranted. Here, we evaluate assess p16INK4a (p16), a molecular aging biomarker, along with geriatric metrics to determine risk of transplant toxicity. Methods We prospectively evaluated 100 MM patients for frailty before and after ASCT using a Geriatric Assessment (GA) and collected T-cells for analysis of p16 using a custom nanostring codeset. Results Pre-transplant physical function was predicative of hospital length of stay (LOS). Each one-unit increase in physical function score, the average LOS decreased by 0.52 days (95% CI, −1.03–0.02); p = .04). Similarly, higher self-report of ADL/IADL (Human Activity Profile was associated with shorter LOS (0.65 less days (95% CI −1.15 to −0.15), p = .01). Patients with anxiety/depression (OR = 1.10 (95% CI 1.00–1.22), p = .056), lower handgrip strength (OR = 0.90 (95% CI 0.82–0.98), p = .02), falls (OR = 1.60 (95% CI 1.07–2.38), p = .02), or weight loss (OR = 5.65 (95% CI 1.17–25.24), p = .03) were more likely to be re-admitted. The estimated EFS at 1-year was 85% (95% CI, 75–91) with median follow-up of 15.7 months. Weight loss was a significant predictor of EFS (HR = 3.13 (95% CI 1.15–8.50), p = .03). Frailty assessment by self-reported fatigue minimally correlated with T-cell p16 expression (r = 0.28; p = .02). Age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), or Hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific Co-Morbidity Index (HCT-CI) did not predict hospital LOS or readmissions. Conclusions Our data illustrate that a GA can identify individuals with MM who are at greater risk for morbidity following ASCT.
Global Buckling of Wide Sandwich Panels with Orthotropic Phases: An Elasticity Solution

There exist several formulas for the global buckling of sandwich plates, each based on a specific set of assumptions and a specific plate or beam model. It is not easy to determine the accuracy and range of validity of these rather simple formulas unless an elasticity solution exists. In this paper, we present an elasticity solution to the problem of global buckling of wide sandwich panels (equivalent to sandwich columns) subjected to axially compressive loading (along the short side). The emphasis on this study is on the global (single-wave) rather than the wrinkling (multi-wave) mode. The sandwich section is symmetric and all constituent phases, i.e., the facings and the core, are assumed to be orthotropic. The buckling problem is formulated as an eigen-boundary-value problem for differential equations, with the axial load being the eigenvalue. The complication in the sandwich construction arises due to the existence of additional “internal” conditions at the face sheet/core interfaces. Results are produced for a range of geometric configurations and these are compared with the different global buckling formulas in the literature.
Company, counterbalance, and closure in Ellen Forney’s Marbles

In her graphic memoir, Marbles (2012), Ellen Forney reconciles her dual identities as an artist who takes risks and promotes change and as a person living with bipolar disorder who seeks (and occas...
Effects of PCB power layouts design on switching transient performance of SiC MOSFETs

This paper investigates the effects of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) layouts design of power stage on the switching transient performance of SiC MOSFETs-based Bidirectional Switching Power Pole (BSPP). SiC MOSFETs have compelling merits such as low power losses, high breakdown voltage, high thermal conductivity, high operating temperature capabilities, and excellent reverse recovery characteristics. To realize those features, it is challenging to design PCB layers for the power stage with low parasitic inductance to achieve high switching speed operation with an acceptable amount of ringing and overshoot in the switching transient waveforms. Therefore, this work introduced critical PCB design keys to achieving low parasitic inductance as well as symmetrical switching transient performance for both high and low side SiC MOSFETs based BSPP. A broad coupled traces method is used to design the PCB power traces with a minimum parasitic inductance for given geometric dimensions. Mathematical formulas are used to calculate the parasitic inductance of the PCB prototypes. The formulas purely depend on the geometric dimensions of the PCB layers and the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate material. Cadence simulation tools are used to verify the parasitic inductance calculations of the experimental PCB prototypes by comparing both experimental and simulation switching transient performances.
The Uses of Light in Criminal Investigation

Rapid and perfect finding of trace evidences at the crime scene is of utmost importance in criminal investigation. Many of body fluids are florescent in their nature and can be discovered using light with different wave lengths suitable for each type of fluid which will reflect light to disclose its location. The intensity of light and degree of visibility of the fluid stain depend on different factors such as the type of the fluid and the nature of the surface on which it has deposited.
The Impact of Consumer Confusion on Mobile Self-Checkout Adoption

The number of brick and mortar retailers that have closed their doors or filed bankruptcy is staggering and crosses virtually every retail segment. As consumer demographics evolve and more consumer...
Mass Transfer of Divalent Ions in an Oxide Host: Comparison of Mg2+ and Zn2+ Diffusion in Hexagonal KxW3O9 Bronze

Pure and isovalent cation-substituted potassium hexagonal tungsten bronze (KHTB) have been synthesized and used as a model oxide host to study the electrochemically driven bulk diffusion of divalen...
A Morphometric Model for Endovascular Occlusion of The Retrohepatic Vena Cava in Pediatric Trauma

Abstract Background The resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) device has been adapted for inferior vena cava (IVC) use in both animal models and adult case reports. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility for use of the REBOA device for pediatric IVC injuries and create a potential framework for implementation. Materials and methods A simulated venous system was designed with modeled IVC components based on 290 abdominal computed tomography scans of pediatric trauma patients. These patients were randomly selected to represent the ten Broselow categories. These IVC segments were selected to represent the posthepatic and prehepatic diameters for the five largest Broselow categories. A closed circulatory model was created with steady-state flow designed to model the venous system. The REBOA device was inserted into the system with the balloon in the IVC segment. Pressure monitors were placed distally and in the closed system, replicating the capacitance of the venous system. A flow meter was placed distally to the segment and balloon. Flow and pressure readings were recorded as the REBOA device was inflated and total occlusion was achieved. Results Suprahepatic IVC diameters ranged from 1.14 to 2.71 cm, while infrahepatic IVC diameters ranged from 0.76 to 2.39 cm. There was significant overlap in the measurements of the IVC, allowing five modeled segments to represent ten different IVCs. The venous model demonstrated a significant delay between balloon inflation and vessel occlusion. Approximately 80%-90% of the REBOA inflation volume results in approximately an initial 10% reduction in flow. Flow was completely obstructed which corresponded with a small increase in pressure difference between the proximal and distal pressure monitors, reflecting the capacitance in the venous system with inflation. Conclusions Pediatric IVC injuries with significant hemorrhage should be amenable to endovascular occlusion as an adjunct to resuscitation and operative management.
Practical Fault Localization with Combinatorial Test Design

Combinatorial test design is a well-known effective technique for test planning. However, in order to fully realize its potential in industrial settings, it needs to be considered as an integral part of the end to end testing flow rather than as an isolated component. In this work, we present an automated end to end solution for CTD-based test optimization, generation, execution and fault localization, implemented in an industrial framework. We further report on our initial promising experience in applying it to an industrial product.
Patterns of Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) occurs from both natural and artificial sources. The sun is the principal natural source. The known effects of UVR on man may be beneficial or detrimental, depending on a number of circumstances.
Risk Analysis (Part 3 of 3): Implementation

This chapter presents a shift from the general risk analysis theory to the application and implementation of the Food Fraud Prevention Strategy. The following chapter on Risk Assessment Application provides more detailed examples and case studies. This chapter will focus more specifically on the vulnerability assessments including preparing to address the problem, conducting a quick initial screening, expanding to a more detailed assessment where and when warranted, and finally connecting the assessment to all other enterprise-wide problems.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Vascular and Nonvascular Risk Factors Associated with Migraine.

INTRODUCTION Migraine is a chronic disabling neurological disease, with an estimated expense of $15-20 million/year. Several studies with a small number of patients have studied risk factors for migraine such as cardiovascular disorders, stroke, smoking, demographic, and genetic factors but this is the first comprehensive study for evaluation of vascular and nonvascular risk factors. It is important to evaluate all the risk factors that help to prevent the healthcare burden related to migraine. Methodology: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) (years 2013-2014) in adult (>18-years old) hospitalizations in the United States. Migraine patients were identified using ICD-9-CM code to determine the demographic characteristics, vascular, and nonvascular risk factors. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and a multivariate survey logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the prevalence of the risk factors and evaluate the odds of prevalence of risk factors amongst migraine patients compared to nonmigraine patients, respectively. RESULTS On weighted analysis, after removing missing data of age, gender and race, from years 2013 to 2014, of the total 983,065 (1.74%) migraine patients were identified. We found that younger (median age 48-years vs. 60-years), female (82.1% vs. 58.5%; p<0.0001), white population (76.8% vs. 70.5%; p<0.0001), and privately insured (41.1% vs. 27.4%; p<0.0001) patients were more likely to have migraine than others. Cerebral atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and alcohol abuse were not significantly associated with migraine. Migraineurs had higher odds of having hypertension [odds ratio (OR): 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-1.46; 44.49% vs. 52.84%], recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) (OR: 3.13; 95%CI: 3.02-3.25; 1.74% vs. 0.67%), ischemic stroke (OR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.35-1.45; 2.06% vs. 1.97%), hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 1.11; 95%CI: 1.04-1.19; 0.49% vs. 0.46%), obesity (OR: 1.46; 95%CI: 1.44-1.48; 19.20% vs. 13.56%), hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.30-1.36; 5.75% vs. 5.54%), substance abuse (OR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.48-1.54; 7.88% vs. 4.88%), past or current consumption of tobacco (OR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.38-1.41; 31.02% vs. 27.39%), AIDS (OR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.04-1.24; 0.33% vs. 0.41%), hypocalcemia (OR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.03-1.14; 0.77% vs. 0.89%), and vitamin D deficiency (OR: 1.93; 95%CI: 1.88-1.99; 2.47% vs. 1.37%) than patients without migraine. Female patients were at a higher risk of migraine (OR: 3.02; 95%CI: 2.98-3.05) than male. CONCLUSION In this study, we have identified significant risk factors for migraine hospitalizations. Early identification of these risk factors may improve the risk stratification in migraine patients.
A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between the Voice Handicap Index and Objective Voice Analysis

Purpose Dysphonia can be evaluated by both patient-reported quality of life instruments and objective acoustic and aerodynamic analyses. However, less is known about the association between the two metrics. The goal of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the correlation of the Voice Handicap Index (VHI-30) with the following objective parameters: fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, harmonics to noise ratio, noise to harmonic ratio, maximum phonation time, and the Dysphonia Severity Index. Method A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. Inclusion criteria were subjects age 18 years and older with voice complaints and assessed by both VHI-30 and objective voice analysis. Results A literature search resulted in 1,297 unique articles, of which 310 underwent full-text review and 17 studies were included in quantitative analysis. Significant pooled correlation was observed for VHI-30 total with jitter (.301 [.177; .416]), shimmer (.255 [.162; .344]), noise to harmonic ratio (.200 [.111; .285]), maximum phonation time (-.227 [-.352; -.094]), and Dysphonia Severity Index (-.254[-.455; -.0286]). Significant correlations were observed in 4/7 objective parameters with the Physical subscale, 3/7 with the Functional subscale, and 2/7 with the Emotional subscale. All significant correlations were negligible (0-.3) or low (.3-.5). Conclusions Results from meta-analysis showed that correlations between objective voice parameters and the VHI-30 were negligible or low. Further study is needed to determine if correlations vary by patient demographics or specific pathology.
What Do You Meme, Professor? An Experiment Using “Memes” in Pharmacy Education

Memes are social or cultural constructs and ideas dispersed from person to person. The modern definition of memes applies to images, photographs, or videos shared on digital platforms juxtaposed with text that utilizes the emotion, meaning, or joke behind the original "meme" to communicate the author's message. Younger generations of learners are more prone to utilize digital and social media to distribute and consume information and use of these platforms has increased in modern classrooms. However, there are few examples of using memes for educational purposes, including student-generated content, and no known examples in pharmacy education. This commentary introduces the concept of a meme and describes an attempt to incorporate a student-generated meme assignment in a pharmacy course. Experiences and lessons learned are discussed as words of caution in incorporating and evaluating memes or other informal communication tools for educational purposes.
JULGAR O OUTRO: : O DANO AO PROJETO DE VIDA DE COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS E ORIGINÁRIAS COMO UM DESAFIO PARA JURISDIÇÃO

JULGAR O OUTRO: O DANO AO PROJETO DE VIDA DE COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS E ORIGINARIAS COMO UM DESAFIO PARA JURISDICAOResumo: Este artigo e sobre o dano ao projeto de vida de comunidades originarias e tradicionais, na perspectiva de avaliar o desafio de julgar a justa reparacao por quem possui valores, cultura diferente. Desta forma, vai trazer, primeiramente, a definicao de projeto de vida e como a Corte Interamericana esta tratando a reparacao deste dano. Apos isto, discutir-se-a sobre os desafios de julgar uma realidade diferenciada, tendo em vista como se formula a interpretacao dos acontecimentos e as dificuldades de se colocar no lugar do outro. O ideario de justica frente as diferencas subjetivas e sociais e os limites e possibilidades do Poder Judiciario alcancar seus objetivos nesta materia. Como parâmetro de superacao deste desafio sera levado em conta o programa do Curso de Formacao Inicial de Magistrados de 2017, do Tribunal Regional Federal da 5a Regiao. JUDGE THE OTHER: DAMAGE TO THE LIFE PROJECT OF TRADITIONAL AND ORIGINAL COMMUNITIES AS A CHALLENGE FOR JURISDICTIONAbstract: This article is about the damage to the life project of original and traditional communities, with a view to assessing the challenge of judging fair reparation for those who have values, a different culture. In this way, it will bring, first of all, the definition of a life project and how the Inter-American Court is treating the repair of this damage. After that, the challenges of judging a different reality will be discussed, in view of how the interpretation of events is formulated and the difficulties of putting oneself in the other's place. The ideal of justice in the face of subjective and social differences and the limits and possibilities of the Judiciary to achieve its objectives in this matter. As a parameter to overcome this challenge, the program of the Initial Training Course for Magistrates of 2017, of the Federal Regional Court of the 5th Region, will be taken into account. JUZGAR EL OTRO: EL DANO AL PROYECTO DE VIDA DE LAS COMUNIDADES TRADICIONALES Y ORIGINARIAS COMO UN DESAFIO A LA JURISDICCIONResumen: Este articulo trata del daA±o al proyecto de vida de las comunidades originales y tradicionales, desde la perspectiva de evaluar el desafio de juzgar la reparacion justa por parte de aquellos que tienen valores diferentes, cultura diferente. De esta manera, primero traera la definicion de un proyecto de vida y como la Corte Interamericana esta tratando la reparacion de este daA±o. Despues de esto, se discutiran los desafios de juzgar una realidad diferente, en vista de como formular la interpretacion de los eventos y las dificultades de ponerse en el lugar del otro. La idea de la justicia frente a las diferencias subjetivas y sociales y los limites y posibilidades del Poder Judicial para alcanzar sus objetivos en esta materia. Como parametro para superar este desafio, se tendra en cuenta el programa del Curso de Formacion Inicial para Jueces de 2017 del Tribunal Regional Federal de la 5a Region.
Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prenatal Mental Health and Substance Use Among Urban, Low-Income Women

This study examined associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and perinatal mental health and substance use among 98 low-income women (mean age 25.4 years; 93% Black/African American) referred to a mental health care manager in an urban women’s clinic. Self-report and retrospective chart review data were utilized. Chi-squared and Fisher’s Exact tests were performed to assess bivariate relationships between ACEs and mental health and substance use outcomes. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the impact of ACEs on mental health and substance use, adjusting for marital status, education, and age. Findings indicate high levels of childhood adversity, specifically childhood abuse, are associated with negative perinatal mental health and substance use outcomes, including suicidal thoughts, anxiety, mood dysregulation, and tobacco and marijuana use. Inquiring about ACEs during prenatal care and/or in community health clinics may help identify patients’ overall risk and provide opportunities for intervention for mothers and their infants.
GLS1 is a Protective Factor Rather than a Molecular Target in ARID1A-Mutated Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Targeting glutamine metabolism has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for several human cancers, including ovarian cancer. The primary target of this approach is the kidney isoform of glutaminase, glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism that is overexpressed in several human cancers. A first-in-class inhibitor of GLS1, called CB839 (Telaglenastat), has been investigated in several clinical trials, with promising results. The first clinical trial of CB839 in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients is forthcoming. ARID1A-mutated ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a relatively indolent and chemoresistant ovarian cancer histotype. In OCCC-derived cells in vitro and mouse models, loss of ARID1A leads to upregulation of GLS1. Thus, targeting of GLS1 with CB839 has been suggested as a targeted approach for OCCC patients with tumors harboring ARID1A-mutations. Here, we investigated whether GLS1 is differentially expressed between OCCC patients whose tumors are ARID1A positive and patients whose tumors are ARID1A negative. In clinical specimens of OCCC, we found that GLS1 overexpression was not correlated with ARID1A loss. In addition, GLS1 overexpression was associated with better clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that GLS1 expression in OCCC may be a protective factor and that caution should be taken when considering the use of CB839 to treat OCCC patients.
Second spin-density wave phase in metallic V 2 − y O 3 close to the metal-insulator transition

We have observed two spin-density wave phases in hole-doped metallic ${\mathrm{V}}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{O}}_{3},$ one evolves from the other as a function of doping, pressure, or temperature. They differ in their response to an external magnetic field, which can also induce a transition between them. The phase boundary between these two states in the temperature-, doping-, and pressure-dependent phase diagram has been determined by magnetization and magnetotransport measurements. One phase exists at high doping level and has already been described in the literature. The second phase is found in a small parameter range close to the boundary to the antiferromagnetic insulating phase. The quantum-phase transitions between these states as a function of pressure and doping and the respective metamagnetic behavior observed in these phases are discussed in the light of structurally induced changes of the band structure.
Percutaneous lovastatin accelerates bone healing but is associated with periosseous soft tissue inflammation in a canine tibial osteotomy model.

Experimental studies have shown the ability of statins to stimulate bone formation when delivered locally or in large oral doses, however most have been studied in rodents. This anabolic effect is through the selective activation of BMP-2. Our purpose was to determine the effects of local treatment with lovastatin on bone healing in mammals as a preclinical animal model. We administered lovastatin (6 mg/kg) by percutaneous injection to a canine tibial osteotomy stabilized with external fixation. We found that lovastatin improved bone healing after a single injection into the fracture site assessed by serial radiography and histology at bone union. However, lovastatin treatment resulted in adverse local soft tissue inflammation. These results suggest that percutaneous lovastatin injection may be a useful adjuvant treatment over the course of bone healing to augment fracture repair, although further investigation into the mechanism of soft tissue adverse effects is warranted. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:210–216, 2014.
THE USE OF TREE-RING CHRONOLOGIES TO SHOW SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN AN AIR MASS BOUNDARY

Eleven tree-ring chronologies on either side of a winter air mass boundary in the western United States are examined for evidence of spatial patterning of tree growth consistent with the boundary. Four of the sites are the first published for the Great Salt Lake basin. Principal components analyses group the chronologies into three regions. Analyses of 100-year time periods, overlapped by 50 years, show changes in group membership over time. The Great Salt Lake sites consistently group together into a distinct region. The zonal differentiation of the regions and inferred orientation of the climatic boundary was a feature of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The orientation was more meridional in the twentieth century, as it had been in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. [Key words: dendroclimatology, air mass climatology, Great Salt Lake basin.]
Transconjunctival septal suture repair for lower lid blepharoplasty.

Background: The need for a safer lower-lid blepharoplasty procedure than the classic subciliary approach has long been recognized. In 1996, de la Plaza and de la Cruz first theorized septal suturing via a transconjunctival approach that preserves both muscle and infraorbital fat. This is the first report of a series of patients treated with this technique. The transconjunctival approach can avoid the complications of "scleral show" and changes in the shape of the aperture that are associated with the subciliary/muscle cutting approach to the fat pads. Methods: Transconjunctival septal suturing of the middle and medial fat bags was used to treat 78 consecutive patients (72 women and six men) with visible bulging fat of the lower eyelids. Some patients underwent simultaneous resection of fat from the lateral pad. Results: Bulging fat in the middle and medial compartments was eliminated without overtreatment or undertreatment. Substantial but not total improvement in tear trough deformity was often observed. Aperture shape and lid level were preserved. Conclusions: The results achieved with this series of patients indicate that transconjunctival suture repair of the orbital septum is a safe, predictable, and effective treatment for bulging fat of the medial and middle fat pads of the lower eyelid. Changes in aperture shape and lid level can be avoided without the need for simultaneous lid-tightening procedures.
Lightness constancy through transparency: internal consistency in layered surface representations.

Abstract Asymmetric lightness matching was employed to measure how the visual system assigns lightness to surface patches seen through partially-transmissive surfaces. Observers adjusted the luminance of a comparison patch seen through transparency, in order to match the lightness of a standard patch seen in plain view. Plots of matched-to-standard luminance were linear, and their slopes were consistent with Metelli's α. A control experiment confirmed that these matches were indeed transparency based. Consistent with recent results, however, when observers directly matched the transmittance of transparent surfaces, their matches deviated strongly and systematically from Metelli's α. Although the two sets of results appear to be contradictory, formal analysis reveals a deeper mutual consistency in the representation of the two layers. A ratio-of-contrasts model is shown to explain both the success of Metelli's model in predicting lightness through transparency, and its failure to predict perceived transmittance––and hence is seen to play the primary role in perceptual transparency.