cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of Determining Residual Stresses of Pressure Vessels by the Graphic Method

Determination of yield stress is the key factor for measuring the residual stresses in pressure vessels by electrical logging method.In this paper based on the yield condition of the plane stress state,the yield stress of the tested points is discussed with the locus of the combination stresses in the non-thin-film stress zone of a thin-wall cylinder pressure vessel by graphic method.It is found that the residual stresses and bending stresses can change the locus of the thin-film stresses,so that the yield stresses in the combination stress zone are different from the ones of the thin-film stresses,but the Tresca yield stresses in the first principal stress direction are all σ_s in the tensile stress zone.According to the principle that the point of intersection of the stress locus and the yield locus have to satisfy the yield condition,by decomposing data curves of electric logging stresses of the welding line of the cylinder,the Tresca yield stresses in the second principal stress direction and the method of determining residual stresses by Mises yield locus are studied.The results show that the residual tensile stresses in the vessels can be determined with the electric logging stress by graphic method,and the accuracy of the present method satisfies engineering requirements.
Analysis of a Kind of Landslide Deformation Mechanism and Evaluation of Eemergent Countermeasures

According to the analysis of a landside in geological enviroment,the stress characteristics and stability condition of a slope is analyzed by using limit equilibrium method and numerical simulation. The emergent counter measures are put forward based on the deformation mechanism. The present situation of a landside is analysed with the observation of the surface and deep hole displacencent. The effectiveness of the countermeasures is evalucted,which provides scientific reference for the thorough management of the landslide.
Focus on factors.

Recombinant factor VIII concentrates used in the treatment of hemophilia A have provided freedom from human viral contamination for hemophiliacs who rely on frequent infusions to control bleeding. This article provides a historical perspective on the treatment of the various hemophilia types and current treatment methods for these and other inherited coagulopathies. Therapy complications associated with replacement factors and patient management issues will be addressed.
Elevated Arsenic and Uranium Concentrations in Unregulated Water Sources on the Navajo Nation, USA.

Regional water pollution and use of unregulated water sources can be an important mixed metals exposure pathway for rural populations located in areas with limited water infrastructure and an extensive mining history. Using censored data analysis and mapping techniques we analyzed the joint geospatial distribution of arsenic and uranium in unregulated water sources throughout the Navajo Nation, where over 500 abandoned uranium mine sites are located in the rural southwestern United States. Results indicated that arsenic and uranium concentrations exceeded national drinking water standards in 15.1 % (arsenic) and 12.8 % (uranium) of tested water sources. Unregulated sources in close proximity (i.e., within 6 km) to abandoned uranium mines yielded significantly higher concentrations of arsenic or uranium than more distant sources. The demonstrated regional trends for potential co-exposure to these chemicals have implications for public policy and future research. Specifically, to generate solutions that reduce human exposure to water pollution from unregulated sources in rural areas, the potential for co-exposure to arsenic and uranium requires expanded documentation and examination. Recommendations for prioritizing policy and research decisions related to the documentation of existing health exposures and risk reduction strategies are also provided.
A Close-up on National Venezuelan Film Support during the Chávez Years: Between Revolution and Continuity

The Venezuelan state's active role in the film industry during the Chavez years resulted in controversy both within and beyond Venezuela. With an aggressive national film law, and new state film institutions, the turn to film caused an unprecedented boom in Venezuelan filmmaking and a flood of press coverage. Chavez's public announcements celebrated the government's active investment in filmmaking likening the venture in film with a break from the past. I explore how the Venezuelan government under Chavez both ruptured with the previous relationship between the film industry and the government while also continued with past state film initiatives despite revolutionary discourse. While much of the research and press on Venezuelan film under Chavez often focuses on the institution that Chavez praised most, the politically aligned and controversial Villa del Cine (2006), I show that the well-known Villa does not entirely represent the role of the state in supporting Venezuelan film during the Chavez years. The Villa is part of the much larger understudied National Film Platform. With a close look at three of the state film institutions from the Platform, I examine the complex workings of the state/film relationship under Chavez hovering between continuing and breaking with the past.
Inorganic chemistry: Making iron glow.

An iron complex has been made that has a long-lived excited state and emits light at room temperature as a result of a charge-transfer process. This breakthrough might allow the production of cheap solar cells. See Letter p.695 Transition-metal complexes are used as photosensitizers and photocatalysts, and in light-emitting devices. For these uses, the complexes need to be excited from their ground state to a charge-transfer state, which generally needs to be long-lived to ensure efficient performance. This has made it challenging to replace the scarce but high-performing precious metals used in these complexes with Earth-abundant metals that are cheaper and less toxic. Pavel Chabera et al. now show that a design strategy that utilizes ligands with superior electronic properties yields iron complexes with unprecedented long-lived charge-transfer states. With further development, the approach could deliver iron-based materials for use as light emitters and photosensitizers in solar energy devices.
Continuous Sustainability in Mass Transit

Mass transit is a city’s best sustainable answer to help the world combat climate change and improve existing air quality. Robust mass transit helps reduce a cities toxic emissions and greenhouse gases by lessening single-automobile usage. Mass transit has numerous ways to be more sustainable by including sustainable elements in operations, and preventing environmental damage, saving energy, and reducing the use of fossil fuels.
Using Social Media to Characterize Public Sentiment Toward Medical Interventions Commonly Used for Cancer Screening: An Observational Study

Background: Although cancer screening reduces morbidity and mortality, millions of people worldwide remain unscreened. Social media provide a unique platform to understand public sentiment toward tools that are commonly used for cancer screening. Objective: The objective of our study was to examine public sentiment toward colonoscopy, mammography, and Pap smear and how this sentiment spreads by analyzing discourse on Twitter. Methods: In this observational study, we classified 32,847 tweets (online postings on Twitter) related to colonoscopy, mammography, or Pap smears using a naive Bayes algorithm as containing positive, negative, or neutral sentiment. Additionally, we characterized the spread of sentiment on Twitter using an established model to study contagion. Results: Colonoscopy-related tweets were more likely to express negative than positive sentiment (negative to positive ratio 1.65, 95% CI 1.51-1.80, P<.001), in contrast to the more positive sentiment expressed regarding mammography (negative to positive ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.39-0.47, P<.001). The proportions of negative versus positive tweets about Pap smear were not significantly different (negative to positive ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.87-1.04, P=.18). Positive and negative tweets tended to share lexical features across screening modalities. Positive tweets expressed resonance with the benefits of early detection. Fear and pain were the principal lexical features seen in negative tweets. Negative sentiment for colonoscopy and mammography spread more than positive sentiment; no correlation with sentiment and spread was seen for Pap smear. Conclusions: Analysis of social media data provides a unique, quantitative framework to better understand the public’s perception of medical interventions that are commonly used for cancer screening. Given the growing use of social media, public health interventions to improve cancer screening should use the health perceptions of the population as expressed in social network postings about tests that are frequently used for cancer screening, as well as other people they may influence with such postings. [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(6):e200]
The Toll-Like Receptor 2/6 Agonist, FSL-1 Lipopeptide, Therapeutically Mitigates Acute Radiation Syndrome.

Risks of radiation exposure from nuclear incidents and cancer radiotherapy are undeniable realities. These dangers urgently compel the development of agents for ameliorating radiation–induced injuries. Biologic pathways mediated by myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), the common adaptor for toll–like receptor (TLR) and Interleukin–1 receptor signaling, are critical for radioprotection. Treating with agonists prior to radiation enhances survival by activating TLR signaling, whereas radiomitigating TLR–activating therapeutics given after exposure are less defined. We examine the radiomitigation capability of TLR agonists and identify one that is superior for its efficacy and reduced toxic consequences compared to other tested agonists. We demonstrate that the synthetic TLR2/6 ligand Fibroblast–stimulating lipopeptide (FSL–1) substantially prolongs survival in both male and female mice when administered 24 hours after radiation and shows MyD88–dependent function. FSL–1 treatment results in accelerated hematopoiesis in bone marrow, spleen and periphery, and augments systemic levels of hematopoiesis–stimulating factors. The ability of FSL–1 to stimulate hematopoiesis is critical, as hematopoietic dysfunction results from a range of ionizing radiation doses. The efficacy of a single FSL–1 dose for alleviating radiation injury while protecting against adverse effects reveals a viable radiation countermeasures agent.
Pengaruh Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan

Abstract - Pelayanan yang baik di dalam suatu perusahaan akan menciptakan kepuasan bagi para pelanggan, oleh karena itu suatu perusahaan harus memiliki strategi yang khusus untuk mengelola jasa dengan baik. Strategi yang dimaksud mengenai hal apa yang dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan, hal ini berkaitan dengan pelayanan dimana pelayanan merupakan aspek terpenting untuk mencapai kepuasan pelanggan.. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif yang mencoba menunjukan pengaruh dari pelayanan terhadap kepuasaan konsumen. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuisioner sedangkan variable yang menjadi penelitian ini adalah variable bebas yaitu pelayanan (X) dan variable tak bebas adalah kepuasan (Y). Hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan, berdasarkan perhitungan determinasi yang penulis teliti, diperoleh hasilnya yaitu varian yang tejadi pada variabel kepuasan pelanggan 54,5% ditentukan oleh varian yang terjadi pada variabel pelayanan
Solanum sisymbriifolium plants become more recalcitrant to Agrobacterium transfection as they age

Abstract Solanum sisymbriifolium is representative of some undomesticated plant species that appear to be recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated infection. Transient expression assays in this weed using β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression have proven highly variable and often failed. Systematic optimization experiments revealed that reducing wounding when bacteria were applied reduced variability. Transfection levels were also influenced by the number of leaves infected/plant, and by total leaves at the time of infection. This inverse relationship between leaf number and GUS expression resembled age-related resistance, but did not correlate with flowering, the accumulation of salicylic acid during bacterial infection, or with overt signs of senescence.
The Presence of Rape Myths in the Virtual World: A Qualitative Textual Analysis of the Steubenville Sexual Assault Case

Abstract The power of social media may be best captured in high-profile criminal cases where the court of public opinion can comment, often anonymously, and instantly re-share case information. In ...
Structural insights into the RNA methyltransferase domain of METTL16.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant modification in messenger RNA and noncoding RNAs that affects RNA metabolism. Methyltransferase-like protein 16 (METTL16) is a recently confirmed m6A RNA methyltransferase that methylates U6 spliceosomal RNA and interacts with the 3′-terminal RNA triple helix of MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1). Here, we present two X-ray crystal structures of the N-terminal methyltransferase domain (residues 1–291) of human METTL16 (METTL16_291): an apo structure at 1.9 A resolution and a post-catalytic S-adenosylhomocysteine-bound complex at 2.1 A resolution. The structures revealed a highly conserved Rossmann fold that is characteristic of Class I S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases and a large, positively charged groove. This groove likely represents the RNA-binding site and it includes structural elements unique to METTL16. In-depth analysis of the active site led to a model of the methyl transfer reaction catalyzed by METTL16. In contrast to the major m6A methyltransferase heterodimer METTL3/METTL14, full-length METTL16 forms a homodimer and METTL16_291 exists as a monomer based on size-exclusion chromatography. A native gel-shift assay shows that METTL16 binds to the MALAT1 RNA triple helix, but monomeric METTL16_291 does not. Our results provide insights into the molecular structure of METTL16, which is distinct from METTL3/METTL14.
Misfolded rhodopsin mutants display variable aggregation properties

The largest class of rhodopsin mutations causing autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) is mutations that lead to misfolding and aggregation of the receptor. The misfolding mutants have been characterized biochemically, and categorized as either partial or complete misfolding mutants. This classification is incomplete and does not provide sufficient information to fully understand the disease pathogenesis and evaluate therapeutic strategies. A Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) method was utilized to directly assess the aggregation properties of misfolding rhodopsin mutants within the cell. Partial (P23H and P267L) and complete (G188R, H211P, and P267R) misfolding mutants were characterized to reveal variability in aggregation properties. The complete misfolding mutants all behaved similarly, forming aggregates when expressed alone, minimally interacting with the wild-type receptor when coexpressed, and were unresponsive to treatment with the pharmacological chaperone 9-cis retinal. In contrast, variability was observed between the partial misfolding mutants. In the opsin form, the P23H mutant behaved similarly as the complete misfolding mutants. In contrast, the opsin form of the P267L mutant existed as both aggregates and oligomers when expressed alone and formed mostly oligomers with the wild-type receptor when coexpressed. The partial misfolding mutants both reacted similarly to the pharmacological chaperone 9-cis retinal, displaying improved folding and oligomerization when expressed alone but aggregating with wild-type receptor when coexpressed. The observed differences in aggregation properties and effect of 9-cis retinal predict different outcomes in disease pathophysiology and suggest that retinoid-based chaperones will be ineffective or even detrimental.
Long term outcomes in the use of ileal ureter for radiation-induced ureteral strictures

Radiation-induced ureteral stricture disease poses significant surgical challenges. Ureteral substitution with ileum has long been a versatile option for reconstruction. We evaluated outcomes in patients undergoing ileal ureter replacement for ureteral reconstruction due to radiation-induced ureteral stricture versus other causes. Between July 1989 and June 2013, 155 patients underwent consecutive ileal ureter creation. The study cohort included 104 patients with complete data sets and at least 7 months of follow up. Records were retrospectively reviewed with regard to demographics, indications, complications, and renal deterioration. Surgical indications included radiation-induced stricture in 23 (22%) and non-radiation-induced stricture in 81 (78%). Comparing ileal ureter substitution due to radiation versus other stricture etiologies, no statistical significance was observed in regard to age (45.6 vs. 51.2, p = 0.141), hospital length of stay in days (8.8 vs. 7.7, p = 0.216), percent GFR loss (MDRD-4 vs. -5%, p = 0.670 and CKD-EPI-7 vs. -6%, p = 0.914), 30-day surgical complications (26.1 vs. 30.1%, p = 0.658), metabolic acidosis (8.7 vs. 1.2%, p = 0.059), and renal failure requiring dialysis (4.3 vs. 1.2%, p = 0.337). Fistula formation (13.0 vs. 3.7%, p = 0.095), partial small bowel obstructions (21.7 vs. 7.4%, p = 0.063), and small bowel obstructions requiring reoperation (13.0 vs. 1.2%, p = 0.033) approached or reached statistical significance. Using Kaplan–Meier methodology, there was no difference in time to worsening renal outcome between the radiation and non-radiation groups (p > 0.05). Ureteral substitution with ileum is an effective reconstructive option for radiation-induced ureteral strictures in carefully selected patients.
SAND: A Social-Aware and Distributed Scheme for Device Discovery in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is continuously growing to connect billions of smart devices anywhere and anytime in an Internet-like structure, which enables a set of new applications, services and interactions between human and objects. In the future, the smart devices are supposed to be able to autonomously discover a target device with desired features and cooperate on generating new services. The pervasiveness of smart devices, as well as the heterogeneity of their design and functionalities, raise a major concern: How can a smart device efficiently discover a desired target device? In this paper, we propose a Social-Aware and Distributed (SAND) scheme that achieves a fast, scalable and effective device discovery in the IoT. The proposed SAND scheme adopts a novel device ranking criteria that measures the device’s degree, social relationship diversity, clustering coefficient and betweenness. Based on this, the discovery request can be guided to travel through critical devices that stand at the major intersections of the network, and thus quickly reach the desired target device while contacting only a limited number of intermediate devices. We conduct comprehensive simulations to evaluate SAND in terms of the discovery success rate and the number of devices contacted. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of SAND.
The Argus prototype: aggregate use of load modules as a high-density supercomputer: Research Articles

This paper describes the ARGUS prototype, a high-density, low-power supercomputer built from an IXIA network analyzer chassis and load modules. The prototype is configured as a diskless distributed system that is scalable to 128 processors in a single 9U chassis. The entire system has a footprint of 0.25 m2 (2.5 ft2), a volume of 0.09 m3 (3.3 ft3) and maximum power consumption of less than 2200 W. We compare and contrast the characteristics of ARGUS against various machines including our on-site 32-node Beowulf and LANL's Green Destiny. Our results show that the computing density (Gflops ft-3) of ARGUS is about 30 times higher than that of the Beowulf and about three times higher than that of Green Destiny with a comparable performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and Growth Form

Growth form, that is the shape and mode of construction of an organism, together with size, set fundamental limits on the biology of living things (the so-called phylogenetic and allometric constraints, respectively; Chapter 4). Similarity of form in nature occurs at two levels: First, all organisms are either basically unitary or modular in construction. Being designed according to one blueprint or the other carries numerous implications, the most important of which are evolutionary consequences pertaining to fecundity and the transfer and expression of genetic variation. Second, there is a geometric commonality among unrelated entities, for example between tributaries and circulatory systems; and among spirally shaped shells, horns, and certain inclusion bodies in virus-infected cells. Does this reflect merely coincidence—just as the log normal distribution may describe simply chance effects of random variables acting on large and diverse collections of objects? Or, if all possible permutations of form are imagined, is there a biological reason why some patterns are more common than others? What shapes of a fungus or a tree are the most fit, most likely to occur in particular circumstances? I examine in this chapter these two levels of the replication of form.
Comprehension of Spacecraft Telemetry Using Hierarchical Specifications of Behavior

A key challenge in operating remote spacecraft is that ground operators must rely on the limited visibility available through spacecraft telemetry in order to assess spacecraft health and operational status. We describe a tool for processing spacecraft telemetry that allows ground operators to impose structure on received telemetry in order to achieve a better comprehension of system state. A key element of our approach is the design of a domain-specific language that allows operators to express models of expected system behavior using partial specifications. The language allows behavior specifications with data fields, similar to other recent runtime verification systems. What is notable about our approach is the ability to develop hierarchical specifications of behavior. The language is implemented as an internal DSL in the Scala programming language that synthesizes rules from patterns of specification behavior. The rules are automatically applied to received telemetry and the inferred behaviors are available to ground operators using a visualization interface that makes it easier to understand and track spacecraft state. We describe initial results from applying our tool to telemetry received from the Curiosity rover currently roving the surface of Mars, where the visualizations are being used to trend subsystem behaviors, in order to identify potential problems before they happen. However, the technology is completely general and can be applied to any system that generates telemetry such as event logs.
Research on human trafficking in Moldova: a review of literature

This paper investigates the literature on human trafficking in Moldova. Four main categories emerged when reviewing scholarly articles published in English and Romanian from 1998 to 2018: (1) empir...
A Method to Secure IoT Devices Against Botnet Attacks.

An unsecured or weak authentication system between an IoT device and a user provides opportunities to attackers to manipulate and use the IoT device as botnet. The proliferation of IoT devices with an unsecured/weak authentication mechanism has increased the threat of using a huge number of IoT devices as botnets for large-scale DDoS attacks. Default credential pairs (like ‘root-root’ or ‘admin-admin’) for the Telnet or SSH connections are still part of a large group of IoT products, and many malwares have exploited this vulnerability to capture a large number of IoT devices and use them as botnets. In the recent past, Mirai malware had infected roughly a million IoT devices at its peak by brute-forcing just 62 pairs of default credentials. In this paper, we present a concept called ‘login puzzle’ to prevent capture of IoT devices in a large scale. Login puzzle is a variant of client puzzle, which presents a puzzle to the remote device during the login process to prevent unrestricted log-in attempts. Login puzzle is a set of multiple mini puzzles with a variable complexity, which the remote device is required to solve before logging into any IoT device. Every unsuccessful log-in attempt increases the complexity of solving the login puzzle for the next attempt. In this paper, we have introduced a novel mechanism to change the complexity of puzzle after every unsuccessful login attempt. If each IoT device had used login puzzle, Mirai attack would have required almost two months to acquire devices, while it acquired them in 20 h.
Integrated Circuits for Terahertz Communication Beyond 100 GHz: Are We There Yet?

The evolution of the 5G paradigm exploiting millimeter-wave frequencies have raised interest in the spectral bands above 100 GHz ranging up to 1000 GHz for wireless communication and sensing. In the last decade, there has been a significant upsurge of research in the field of integrated THz technology that has focused on enabling efficient and compact Terahertz systems operable at room temperature and deployable at large scales. In this, silicon-based integrated circuit technology can potentially provide a scalable platform. The benefits span from its level of integration right from the THz front-end to the back-end digital signal processing to high yield and low cost exploiting economies of scale. The impact of such silicon-based systems in the sister millimeter-wave bands (28&#x002F;38&#x002F;60&#x002F;77 GHz) have already been seen in automotive radars and are starting to surface for 5G applications and beyond. The question is if this success can be translated to technologies beyond 100 GHz and extending up to 1 THz for short-range to long-range communication links. Silicon is not the only contender in the space. In the landscape of integrated technologies ranging from ICs (CMOS, SiGe to III-V) to photonics and other technologies, it is not clear how the pie be divided. This paper will focus on some of the latest advances in silicon-based THz systems and future challenges that span across all levels of abstraction in this uncharted frequency spectrum.
A CRISPR Interference System for Efficient and Rapid Gene Knockdown in Caulobacter crescentus

ABSTRACT CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a powerful new tool used in different organisms that provides a fast, specific, and reliable way to knock down gene expression. Caulobacter crescentus is a well-studied model bacterium, and although a variety of genetic tools have been developed, it currently takes several weeks to delete or deplete individual genes, which significantly limits genetic studies. Here, we optimized a CRISPRi approach to specifically downregulate the expression of genes in C. crescentus. Although the Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPRi system commonly used in other organisms does not work efficiently in Caulobacter, we demonstrate that a catalytically dead version of Cas9 (dCas9) derived from the type II CRISPR3 module of Streptococcus thermophilus or from Streptococcus pasteurianus can each be effectively used in Caulobacter. We show that these CRISPRi systems can be used to rapidly and inducibly deplete ctrA or gcrA, two essential well-studied genes in Caulobacter, in either asynchronous or synchronized populations of cells. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to multiplex CRISPRi-based gene knockdowns, opening new possibilities for systematic genetic interaction studies in Caulobacter. IMPORTANCECaulobacter crescentus is a major model organism for understanding cell cycle regulation and cellular asymmetry. The current genetic tools for deleting or silencing the expression of individual genes, particularly those essential for viability, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, which limits global genetic studies. Here, we optimized CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) for use in Caulobacter. Using Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR3 or Streptococcus pasteurianus CRISPR systems, we show that the coexpression of a catalytically dead form of Cas9 (dCas9) with a single guide RNA (sgRNA) containing a seed region that targets the promoter region of a gene of interest efficiently downregulates the expression of the targeted gene. We also demonstrate that multiple sgRNAs can be produced in parallel to enable the facile silencing of multiple genes, opening the door to systematic genetic interaction studies. In sum, our work now provides a rapid, specific, and powerful new tool for silencing gene expression in C. crescentus and possibly other alphaproteobacteria.
Learning Style Preferences of Armenian, African, Hispanic, Hmong, Korean, Mexican, and Anglo Students in American Secondary Schools

This is a study concerning the basic perceptual learning style preferences (auditory, visual, kinesthetic, and tactile) and preferences for group and individual learning of Armenian, African, Hispanic, Hmong, Korean, Mexican, and Anglo students in American secondary schools. The results of the study reveal significant ethnic group and sex differences in their learning style preferences, as well as students' achievement level differences.
Anomalous scattering and transport in chiral matter

Abstract Chiral anomaly modifies the scattering processes in chiral systems. These processes can be investigated using the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory that couples electrodynamics to the pseudoscalar field θ describing the topological charge induced by external sources. Assuming slow variation of the topological charge density, the fermion scattering cross section is computed in the Born approximation and is found to have a resonance at the scattering angles proportional to the chiral conductivity. As a result, the transport coefficients are suppressed at high temperatures, which may be a reason for the smallness of the Quark Gluon Plasma viscosity. The anisotropy of the cross section arises due to the spatial variation of the topological charge; its effect on the electrical conductivity is discussed.
Parental Psychopathology and Oppositional Defiant Problems in Emerging Adults: Moderated Mediation by Temperament and Gender.

Previous studies have indicated that prenatal maternal depressive symptoms predicted toddler temperament, which led to childhood irritability, an important component to ODD problems. In addition, children with ODD problems continue to have difficulties as they transition into emerging adulthood. The current study examined whether present-day emerging adult temperament mediated the relationship between perceived parental psychopathology (e.g., depressive, anxiety, and antisocial problems) and emerging adult ODD problems (e.g., affective and behavioral components). Further, emerging adult and parent gender was examined as a moderator (i.e., moderated mediation). The current study asked a sample of 973 emerging adults to report upon the psychological problems of their parents as well as their own temperament and ODD problems. Negative affect and effortful control mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety problems and female affective and behavioral ODD problems. Similarly, effortful control mediated the relationship between paternal antisocial problems and male behavioral ODD problems. Significant indirect effects occurred for the mother–daughter and father–son dyads only, suggesting moderated mediation by child and parent gender. Thus, temperament may be one process which explains the relationship between parental psychopathology and emerging adult ODD problems, and this process differed by parent and child gender.
von Willebrand factor and von Willebrand disease

Progress has occurred in the past several years in the understanding of the structure and function of von Willebrand factor (vWF). This multimeric glycoprotein exhibits a dual role, that of mediating platelet adhesion and aggregation onto thrombogenic surfaces, and that of functioning as carrier in plasma for the factor VIII procoagulant protein. New insights into the nature of the several functional domains of vWF have led to the identification of the regions of the molecule that interact with factor VIII, heparin, the glycoprotein lb of platelets, and collagen. Alterations of vWF are the cause of von Willebrand disease (vWD), a congenital bleeding disorder. In the majority of patients, the plasma levels of vWF are decreased, but there is no demonstrable structural or functional alteration of the protein. In other patients, however, the structure of vWF is abnormal. This review summarizes the current knowledge on vWF and vWD.
Assessing the Impact of Antibiotic Selection and Intraoperative Volume Management on Renal Dysfunction in Heart Transplant Recipients

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic selection and intraoperative ultrafiltration (UF) on post-operative renal function in adult heart transplant recipients. Methods This was a single-center longitudinal cohort study of heart transplant recipients from 1/1/2015 to 6/30/2020. Patients less than 18 years old were excluded. Our center reduced the amount of intraoperative UF and changed piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) to cefepime or meropenem for antibiotic prophylaxis to decrease risk of renal injury in May 2019. Vancomycin was used in both groups. The primary outcome was estimated GFR (eGFR) 14 days post-transplant using the 4-variable MDRD. Secondary outcomes included the Major Adverse Kidney Events at 30 days (MAKE-30), eGFR at 3 and 6 months, worsening CKD or diagnosis of ESRD at 6 months, length of ICU and hospital stay, and readmissions within 6 months. Results 81 patients were included in the study. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (Table 1). In the univariate analysis, eGFR was significantly higher in the intervention group at 14 days post-transplant (68.3±28.2 vs. 49.5±32.4mL/min/1.73m2; p=0.028). eGFR was similar at 3 and 6 months (p=0.378 and 0.517, respectively). There was a trend towards less readmissions at 6 months with the intervention group (48.6% vs. 65.9%; p=0.117). There were no differences in other secondary outcomes (Table 2). In the multivariable regression analysis, the cumulative dose of intraoperative TZP (p=0.001) and lower baseline eGFR (p=0.002) were significantly associated with decreased eGFR at 14 days (Table 3) after controlling for age, gender, hypertension, and UF. Conclusion eGFR was significantly higher at 14 days in heart transplant recipients that received intraoperative cefepime or meropenem concomitant with a reduction in UF as compared to TZP. As this was a small retrospective study, subsequent studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Simulated Tropical Cyclone Climatology in the Tropical Channel Experiments

As described in Chap. 1, coarse resolution GCMs are capable of producing hurricane-like vortices. However, they cannot resolve the hurricane core or the intensity of the hurricane. In addition, they cannot resolve the mesoscale processes that contribute to genesis. Coarse-resolution GCMs also have high tropical biases that generally underestimate precipitation, and also poorly simulate tropical modes such as monsoons and convectively coupled waves. Capturing these tropical modes is important to simulating TC genesis and development. Since current computing capacity is not sufficient to run global models at very high resolution over decadal time scales, an alternative is to nest a high-resolution mesoscale model within a GCM over a region of interest. This approach has been shown to improve the simulation of TC frequency and structure compared to those in GCMs and it is the general approach adopted here. The Advanced Research WRF model version 3 (ARW), has been adapted and nested within either reanalysis or a GCM to simulate regional climate as the Nested Regional Climate Model (NRCM). Such regional climate modeling is still in its infancy and there remains much to understand about simulating regional climate at high resolution. This work is an attempt to contribute to the understanding of high-resolution climate projection.
Benign cervical erosion in nonpregnant women of childbearing age; a colposcopic study.

Abstract Benign cervical erosion is one of the most frequent findings noted in pelvic examination. 1, 2 It has been evaluated by cytologic studies, very exhaustively by histopathologic investigations, but quite rarely by colposcopy. 3–5 Since colposcopy (magnified stereoscopic visualization of the cervix under bright illumination) affords a panoramic view of the cervical portio and refines gross inspection, we believe it can add to our knowledge of benign as well as malignant cervical change. Hence the use of colposcopy in this study. The term cervical erosion is a clinical one indicating an area of velvety reddening of varying intensity and extent surrounding the anatomical external cervical os. Many names are used more or less interchangeably, some with connotations of mechanism or causation: cervicitis, endocervicitis, eversion, ectropion, pseudoerosion, diseased cervix, and, much less commonly, misplaced or heteroplastic endocervical tissue, 6 vermilion halo, 7 and mucoepithelial hyperplasia. 8 Various self-explanatory adjectives are also applied: simple, follicular, glandular, papillary, cystic, friable, polypoid, nonspecific, ulcerative, chronic, congenital, and acquired. The prime symptom of erosion is leukorrhea; occasionally there is bleeding. Grossly, the cervix may suggest malignant change. The true nature of the lesion cannot be determined by naked-eye inspection and further evaluation may be necessary to ascertain more definitely the presence or absence of malignancy. Our aim in this study is to determine what is present colposcopically when a woman has a benign cervical erosion, including an attempt to ascertain whether there is a loss of surface epithelium, as some 9, 10 believe, or whether a covering surface epithelial layer is present. 11–13 To simplify matters we have chosen to limit our investigation to nonpregnant women of the childbearing age.
Structural proteomics of arsenic transport and detoxification.

Publisher Summary Environmental ubiquity of arsenic (As) has provided pressure for the evolution of detoxification mechanisms in organisms from Escherichia coli to man. The metalloid arsenic has two oxidation states of biological relevance: Arsenic (As)(V) and As(III). In solution, these are found as oxyacids, arsenic acid (H3AsO4) or arsenous acid, also called arsenic trioxide (As2O3). At neutral pH, arsenic acid ionizes to the arsenate oxyanion, which is a substrate analogue of phosphate for many enzymes. In clinical settings, arsenite is also an effective cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Its anhydrous form, arsenic trioxide (trisenox) is a highly effective and safe drug in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Differences in expression of AQP7 or AQP9 can lead to variability in response to drug therapy in different patients. Rapid examination of expression of the aquaglyceroporin genes or the levels of their protein products in APL patients may be of value in tailoring treatment strategies of an individual.
Information policy: Global issues and opportunities for engagement

EDITOR'S SUMMARY ASIS&T Special Interest Group/Information Policy (SIG/IFP) is dedicated to exploring information policy, its development and its broad effects throughout society. A definition of information policy must incorporate laws and practices on the creation, use, preservation and flow of both information and data. In a digital world enabling data and information to have a global reach, information policies vary widely, specified or unstated, and differing dramatically by region, with no consistent expectation or legal protection. The resulting inconsistency affects data privacy, literacy, digital rights and information access. Information professionals are often in position to play important roles in information policy creation and implementation. To promote ASIS&T's presence in information policy issues, SIG/IFP will collaborate with other SIGs for topical webinars, promote discussions on information ethics, education and digital rights and government information and present papers and panels at the 2014 Annual Meeting.
“Gastrobots”—Benefits and Challenges of Microbial Fuel Cells in FoodPowered Robot Applications

The present paper introduces the concept of i>Gastrobots, a class of intelligent machines that derive their operational power by exploiting the digestion of real food. Robots of this type could potentially be made self sufficient with just an input of natural food, water and air, and as such would be ideal for a host of applications that demand “living off the land” during fully autonomous “start and forget” missions. One possible method of powering such machines is through the use of a i>Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), which can directly convert various food substrates into electricity. MFCs offer specific advantages over other renewable energy conversion methods, such as photovoltaic panels, principally in terms of compact configuration and 24 hour operation. Incorporating such a MFC into a robot is not a trivial matter, and many challenges have to be addressed and overcome. Previous work has concentrated on improving MFC efficiency, and has not emphasized long term fully autonomous operation, an essential requirement for adoption in mobile robots. The present paper attempts to discuss the applicability of current MFC technology to mobile robot operation, and enumerates many of the existing shortcomings, while suggesting possible ways ahead.
William L. Prosser: Some Impressions and Recollections

Almost everyone who has had anything to do with law has an impression of Dean William Lloyd Prosser (hereafter, Bill). Inevitably he becomes concerned with some aspect of tort law, and that means direct contact with the Prosser writings-the treatise, the casebook, the articles or the Restatement. If as a beginning law student he does not use Prosser's casebook for the first-year course in Torts, he will certainly have occasion to refer to his treatise, and probably also to the Restatement. Prosser on Torts! It has a completed sound, a belonging sound, a natural sound, a sound to be remembered for years to come.
Income Classification and Reporting

Income reflects the periodic change in a firm's net resources excluding contributions from or distributions to the owners of the firm. Keywords: income classification; reporting; income components; comprehensive income; net income
Technique of thoracic endografting for thoracic aneurysm using the approved Gore TAG device

The technique of thoracic endografting for the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysm using a Gore TAG device (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) (Fig. 25.1) is preferably performed in a hybrid operating room (Fig. 25.2) or an endovascular suite provided the patient is an adequate candidate for endovascular repair. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia with spinal drainage selected to patients that have had a previous open surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm or patients considered high risks for paraplegia. Percutaneous retrograde access of the common femoral artery is obtained in one groin and open retrograde cannulation of the contralateral common femoral artery performed with an 18 G needle (Fig. 25.3) as previously described.1 An 0.035 in. soft tip angled glide wire (Medi-tech/Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) is advanced into the distal thoracic aorta (Fig. 25.4). A 9 Fr sheath is usually placed in the open common femoral artery and similarly 5 Fr placed in the percutaneously accessed common femoral artery under fluoroscopic visualization.
Raman Spectroscopic Identification of Cystine-Type Kidney Stone

Two kidney stones of the cystine type (cystinuria stone) were examined by Raman scattering technique by focusing the green laser (514.5 nm) directly on the stones. The scattered Raman shift was examined and compared with that of standard compound, cystine. Almost identical spectra were obtained for the stones and cystine. The most important identification was based on the S-S stretching vibrational band at 498 cm−1. The present investigation indicates that Raman spectroscopy is a simple, rapid, and reliable analytical tool for identifying a cystinuria stone.
Characterization and Treatment of 20 Canine Dominance Aggression Cases

This study was undertaken to characterize 20 cases of dominance aggression seen at Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine and to investigate the efficacy of our non-confrontational behavior modification program for 8 weeks. The 20 cases included 18 pure breed and 2 mixed breed dogs. Thirteen of the dogs were male. The dogs' ages ranged from 7 to 84 months (mean 32.1 ± 22.64 SE). There was no correlation between the severity of dominance aggression and the signalment of the dogs. At the conclusion of the eight week follow up period, 14 dogs (70%) were reported to have responded to the treatment to some degree. Six dogs did not demonstrate any noticeable reduction in aggressive behavior or became more aggressive. The results of the study is powerful evidence of the efficacy of the non-confrontational behavior modification program.
REVISION OF THE SPIDER GENUS HESYDRUS (ARANEAE, LYCOSOIDEA, TRECHALEIDAE)

Abstract Hesydrus palustris Simon and H. habilis (O.P.-Cambridge) are redescribed. Four new species are described: H. caripito, H. yacuiba and H. chanchamayo are described only from females, and H. canar from both male and female specimens. Hesydrus monticola Chamberlin is a junior synonym of H. palustris. Hesydrus bucculentus Simon is a senior synonym of Trechalea cezariana Mello-Leitao. Hesydrus estebanensis Simon is transferred to the genus Enna O.P.-Cambridge. Hesydrus ornatus Mello-Leitao and H. bivittatus Mello-Leitao, known only from unidentifiable spiderling holotypes, are regarded as nomina dubia. Coincidence of geographic distributions of Hesydrus and Trechalea are noted.
Correlation of Cerebral Oximetry Measurement with Carotid Artery Stump Pressures During Carotid Endarterectomy

Cerebral oximetry and internal carotid artery stump pressures were measured during carotid endarterectomy to assess whether cerebral oximetry could be used as a noninvasive and reliable alternative to monitor cerebral blood flow and the need for selective carotid artery shunting. Carotid endarterectomy procedures were performed in 27 patients wherein a cerebral oximeter was placed on the ipsilateral forehead preoperatively. Stump pressure data as well as cerebral oximetry readings at baseline and before and after carotid artery clamping were gathered. The differences between baseline and clamped carotid artery oximetry readings were calculated for each subject and divided by the baseline reading to provide an adjusted measure of percent oximetry change. This normalized percent change in cerebral oximetry readings was then correlated with stump pressure. Carotid artery stump pressures correlated closely with the normalized change in cerebral oximetry readings (r = -0.57, p = 0.002). Based on the regression analysis, stump pressure readings of 50 and 25 mm Hg were predicted by at least a 15% and 30% drop in cerebral oximetry readings, respectively. Based on low intraoperative stump pressure and changes in cerebral oximetry readings, arterial shunt placement was used in eight patients. There was no morbidity or mortality from the 27 carotid endarterectomy procedures performed. Carotid endarterectomy can be performed safely with cerebral oximetry as a simple, noninvasive, and reliable alternative to internal carotid artery stump pressure measurements in determining the need for selective carotid artery shunting.