cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of anonymity on computer-mediated communication

This experiment investigated how anonymity influenced group identification, inter-group antagonism, and attitude change in computer-mediated communication in samples of both Korean and American participants. This study also examined how self-construal moderated the effect of anonymity on inter-group antagonism. Consistent with the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE), findings from an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed that anonymity fostered group identification among the discussion partners and created greater attitude change following a group discussion. Anonymity correlated negatively with the exhibition of critical comments in both Korean and American participants. Although Korean participants showed a greater interdependent self-construal than the American participants did, the effects of self-construal on group identification and inter-group antagonism did not differ from those of American participants. Implications are discussed in light of the social identity theory, SIDE, and self-categorization theory. Anonymity fostered group identification.Anonymity fostered attitude change following a group discussion.Anonymity correlated negatively with the exhibition of critical comments.
Current Topics in Bypass Surgery

Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) remains the standard therapy for the treatment of patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary artery disease. This chapter summarizes the recent literature and clinical trials comparing CABG with percutaneous coronary intervention. Furthermore, advances in bypass surgery will be discussed, including the advantages of multiarterial grafting strategies, minimally invasive approaches for surgical revascularization, and hybrid coronary revascularization. Methods and approaches to ameliorate postoperative stroke are also reviewed including off-pump bypass surgery.
Microstructural evolution of tin nanoparticles during in situ sodium insertion and extraction.

The microstructural changes and phase transformations of tin nanoparticles during electrochemical sodiation were studied with a nanosized sodium ion battery using in situ transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the first sodiation process occurred in two steps; that is, the crystalline Sn nanoparticles were initially sodiated via a two-phase mechanism with a migrating phase boundary to form a Na-poor, amorphous NaxSn alloy (x ∼ 0.5), which was further sodiated to several Na-rich amorphous phases and finally to the crystallized Na15Sn4 (x = 3.75) via a single-phase mechanism. The volumetric expansion was about 60% in the first step and 420% after the second step. However, despite the huge expansion, cracking or fracture was not observed, which is attributed to the second step of the single-phase sodiation that accommodates large portion of the sodiation-induced stress over the entire particle. Excellent cyclability was also observed during the reversible sodiation/desodiation cycles, showing gr...
Ultralow Sub-1-nA Operating Current Resistive Memory With Intrinsic Non-Linear Characteristics

Sub-1-nA operating current conductive-bridge resistive memory devices showing pronounced rectifying behavior have been demonstrated in a cell structure consisting of Cu top electrode, atomic layer deposition Al 2 O 3 switching film and polysilicon bottom electrode as an in-cell resistor. This ultralow current provides energy savings by minimizing write, erase, and read currents. Despite having such low currents, excellent retention, ON/OFF ratio, and endurance have been demonstrated. Devices programmed with <;1-nA peak current pass 6 h retention test at 85°C and show no significant degradation after 10000 write/erase cycles. Due to the partially formed filament, the devices at ON-state exhibit pronounced nonlinear I-V and current rectification-both factors are very beneficial for RRAM array operation. Multilevel storage can be obtained by controlling the filament shape through compliance current.
Analysis of brittle fracture of soda glass bottles under hydrostatic pressure

Imperfections in glass formed during manufacture or subsequent transportation can weaken bottles, creating a hazard by causing them to fail at lower pressure. When soda glass bottles are pressurized to fracture, the crack density in the broken glass and the fracture pressure are highly correlated. A higher fracture pressure yields a higher crack density as a result of the greater amount of stored energy released on fracture. Thus, after failure it is possible to estimate the pressure to which a bottle was subjected by analyzing the glass fragments. The crack patterns and density agree with analytical models for crack branching in brittle materials under stress. The crack patterns of pressurized bottles subjected to impact are also observed, and a minimum side impact velocity of 2.0 m/s for rupture of pressurized commercial soda glass bottles is determined.
A biophotonics course for freshman honors students

The National Science Foundation (NSF) funded Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology CBST) is collaborating with the Integrated Studies Honors Program (ISHP) at UC Davis to provide an introductory course to some of the top students in the freshman class. The course, IST 8A (Shedding Light on Life), was offered for the first time in Spring 2004 for the 2003-2004 ISHP class. A second offering was provided in Winter 2005 for the 2004-2005 ISHP class. This course is successfully increasing the educational, research, and training opportunities in the emerging field of biophotonics for high-achieving undergraduates at UC Davis.
Phenomenology and Modeling of Explosion‐Generated Shear Energy for the Source Physics Experiments

Abstract We present a mechanism for shear‐wave generation from buried explosions as part of the Source Physics Experiment (SPE) series. The SPE series includes sensitized heavy ammonium nitrate/fuel oil sources of various sizes detonated in a borehole in the jointed Climax stock granite. The cylinder‐shaped shots were grouted in the borehole to couple the energy to the rock. A high‐fidelity site model—with explicit inclusion of the cylindrical explosive, the grout‐filled borehole, and site joint sets—was included in a numerical simulation that mimics the near‐field velocity environment measured by an array of in‐ground accelerometers. This approach was accommodated through a coupled Euler–Lagrange code that allows simultaneous solving of a Euler domain to model the high‐deformation source region and a Lagrange domain that includes the complex geology with full contact. Specific laboratory‐measured geomechanical properties for the rock and the joint sets were included in the model. The simulations compare favorably to the data and provide a possible physical mechanism for unexpected shear motion through the release of stored shear strain on the joints. This research will advance our understanding of explosion‐generated shear‐wave energy from low‐yield nuclear tests.
Reliability Analysis of Components and System Considering Degradation of Strength

The traditional loading-strength interference model is suitable for reliability calculation when random loading acts once or the static reliability calculation.The strength of a component is the function of magnitude and frequency of loading.The traditional loading-strength interference model cannot be used to calculate the reliability of components and system when considering strength degradation,because it assumes that loading and strength are mutually independent.The relationship between loading and strength is established through the statistic characteristics of random loading.When the loading process is Poisson process,the relationship between reliability and time and the relationship between failure rate and time are analyzed.Then the reliability models of series system and parallel system are derived.The study case shows that dispersity of original strength has an influence on reliability and failure rate of components and that relativity of loading makes the reliability of a parallel system decrease while relativity of loading makes the reliability of a series system increase.
Linking hematite (U-Th)/He dating with the microtextural record of seismicity in the Wasatch fault damage zone, Utah, USA

Techniques directly dating fault slip are few, limiting the ability to interpret the rock record of seismicity. Hematite is commonly found in fault zones, amenable to (U-Th)/He dating, and slip surface hematite may be reset by shear heating events and/or recrystallization. Glossy hematite-coated fault surfaces in the Wasatch fault footwall damage zone, Utah (USA), exhibit evidence of hematite cataclasis and preserve Pliocene hematite (U-Th)/He dates. Apatite (U-Th)/He and fission track data from the host gneiss indicate footwall unroofing through ∼2 km by ca. 4.5 Ma. Internally reproducible but disparate hematite (U-Th)/He dates 4.5 Ma and younger from isolated locations on a single fault surface do not reflect ambient cooling. We hypothesize that these dates, and associated iridescence and annealed crystal texture, document rapid cooling from friction-generated heat during small seismic slip events between ca. 4.5 and 2.5 Ma. Thus, hematite (U-Th)/He dating offers the potential to decipher thermal anomalies in the rock record associated with slip on 10 5 –10 6 yr time scales.
Testicular granulosa cell tumors: rare tumors need to be studied too.

Granulosa cell tumors of the testis are very rare neoplasms. While most appear to have a benign course, they occasionally metastasize.
Oscillation of Solutions to a Neutral Differential Equation Involving an n-Order Operator with Variable Coefficients and a Forcing Term

We study the oscillation of solutions to the neutral differential equation $$\begin{aligned}&\frac{d}{dt}\left(\left|L_{n-1}(y(t)+p(t)y(\tau (t)))\right|^{\beta -1} L_{n-1}(y(t)+p(t)y(\tau (t)))\right)\\&\qquad +\,v(t)G(y(\delta (t)))-u(t)H(y(\sigma (t)))=f(t), \end{aligned}$$ where \(L_i\) are differential linear operators with variable coefficients. We find sufficient conditions for all solutions to oscillate or to tend to zero as \(t\) approaches infinity. A difference equation which is analog of the above equation is also studied.
Community Action and Marketing: Is a Little Knowledge A Dangerous Thing?

Community Action Programs are independent agencies whose energies are directed toward local issues. They have their historical and ideological roots in the settlement house movement of the 1890s. Though the marketing concept was almost a century away, the settlement houses exemplified a customer orientation and an emphasis on research. An existing Community Action Program in southern Wisconsin can be contrasted to this earlier ideal in marketing terms. The question is whether the current program with its greater marketing expertise adheres to marketing theory with greater regularity than did the settlement houses.
Carbon Sequestration Via Direct Injection

The build-up of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere has caused concern about possible global climate change. As a result, international negotiations have produced the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), completed during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. The treaty, which the United States has ratified, calls for the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.”
Imaging of Pulmonary Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases

Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by circulating autoantibodies and autoimmune-mediated organ damage. Common CTDs with lung manifestations are rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma or systemic sclerosis, Sjogren syndrome, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosis, mixed connective tissue disease, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease. The most common histopathologic patterns of CTD-related interstitial lung disease are nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. Drug treatment of CTDs can cause complications, including opportunistic infection.
What the Framework Convention on Climate Change Teaches Us About Cooperation on Climate Change

Arild Underdal has been at the center of an important community of scholars studying global environmental governance. Since the 1990s that community, along with many other scholars globally, has offered important insights into the design and management of international institutions that can lead to more effective management of environmental problems. At the same time, diplomats have made multiple attempts to create institutions to manage the dangers of climate change. This essay looks at what has been learned by both communities—scholars and practitioners—as their efforts co-evolved. It appears that despite a wealth of possible insights into making cooperation effective very few of the lessons offered by scholars had much impact during the first two decades of climate change diplomacy. Indeed, basic concepts from cooperation theory and evidence from case studies—many developed in Arild’s orbit—can explain why those two decades achieved very little real cooperation. The new Paris agreement may be changing all that and much better reflects insights from scholars about how to build effective international institutions. Success in the Paris process is far from assured and scholars can contribute a lot more with a more strategic view of when and how they have an impact.
Edaphic resource foraging by Zostera marina (Linnaeus) patches

Clonal foraging in response to heterogeneously distributed water, light or mineral resources has been demonstrated for a number of terrestrial plant species. The existence of similar behavior in seagrasses and the cross-scale effects of clonal foraging on patch development, however, have not fully been explored. Our objective was to test whether spatial exploration by independent ramet clusters could generate emergent patch behavior consistent with clonal foraging theory. We also examined the effect of nutrient amendment on reproductive effort and seedling recruitment. Working in Shinnecock Bay, New York, USA, with the clonal marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, we attempted to stimulate directional growth along ten patch edges over a two-year period using subterranean fertilizer. Changes in ramet demography, patch expansion, seedling emergence and reproductive effort were quantified through repeated shoot censusing. We found that nutrient addition accelerated patch expansion. Enriched edges exhibited significantly higher shoot densities, indicating that a ramet proliferation, selective ramet placement or a combination of the two responses had occurred. The seasonality of this effect was different between treatments and consistent among years, representing a fundamental shift in the pattern and phenology of seagrass growth. Within patches, no detectable differences in per capita branching rates or reproductive effort were observed. This study provides the first evidence of foraging behavior by patches of Z. marina, and offers new insight into its seasonal growth patterns during the as yet poorly understood colonization period.
Design of quadrature modulator with programmable gain using triple-well BiCMOS technology

A low power, wideband wireless transmitter utilizing programmable gain for IQ modulation to improve transmitted power efficiency is presented. The transmitter architecture replaces high dynamic range analog circuits with high speed digital circuits to perform SDR of Two-Way Radio that requires controllable modulation power. The digital section of modulator is software programmable based to support multiple bandwidths, frequency channels, low power gain reduction and modulation schemes. This quadrature modulator was designed in 0.18 mum SiGe-BiCMOS process to demonstrate the performance of controllable output power for wideband SDR for rigorous dynamic range and linearity. The triple well option is used for better noise isolation and power consumption. The designed quadrature modulator consumes 54 mW that covers all power gain reduction selections from 0 dB to -30 dB and occupies a die area of 1.12 mm2.
Where are weather-suicide associations valid? An examination of nine US counties with varying seasonality

There has been much research on the associations between weather variables and suicide rates. However, the state of understanding has remained rather stagnant due to many contradictory findings. The purpose of this project is to examine a larger database of suicides that includes a longer and more recent period of record (1975-2010) across numerous locations in the USA. In all, we examine nine total counties (and the primary city associated with them) with a special effort made to compare locations with varying degrees of temperature seasonality: Cook (Chicago), Fulton (Atlanta), King (Seattle), Los Angeles (Los Angeles), Maricopa (Phoenix), Miami-Dade (Miami), Philadelphia (Philadelphia), Salt Lake (Salt Lake City), and St. Louis (St. Louis). We first examine the unique seasonal cycle in suicides evident in each locale and then use distributed lag nonlinear modeling (DLNM) to relate the suicide data to daily surface temperatures. Results suggest that a late spring/summer peak generally exists in suicide rates, and above average temperatures are associated with increased suicide risk in almost all study counties. Further, it appears that these associations can be found in both mid-latitude and sub-tropical climate types.
Attracting a new generation of students to computing

A combination of scholarship incentives and a new interdisciplinary degree program were used to increase the number and diversity of students majoring in computing at Santa Clara University. A 2009 grant from the Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (S-STEM) program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) provided scholarships of up to $10,000 per year for two cohorts of students. This paper describes how these scholarships and the new degree program impacted both the enrollment and diversity of undergraduates majoring in computing, what worked well and what did not, and what was learned from the experience.
Host ranges of Penicillium species causing blue mold of bulb crops in Washington State and Idaho

Abstract First reported from the Pacific Northwest of U.S.A. as causal agents of blue mold on edible and/or ornamental bulbs are Penicillium albocoremium (from Tulipa sp.; pathogenic on Allium sativum, A. cepa, A. stipitatum, Iris hollandica and Tulipa sp.), P. crustosum (from Narcissus; pathogenic on A. cepa and I. hollandica), P. paraherquei (from A. cepa; pathogenic on A. sativum and A. cepa), and P. radicicola (from Iris Casablanca; pathogenic on A. sativum, A. cepa and I. hollandica). Penicillium expansum and P. glabrum, from A. cepa, were verified as pathogens of A. sativum, A. cepa and Iris hollandica, and P. expansum was also pathogenic on Tulipa sp. Pronounced differences between Penicillium agents of blue mold in host range and in virulence have implications for crop rotation, postharvest storage and marketing.
TRANSITION EFFECTS IN AGRAR IN SOME COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH-EAST EUROPE

By the end of twentieth century process of transition occurred in countries of formal planned economy and socialistic model of governance. In the analyses of achieved level of progress, three levels can be underlined: - Countries of central Eastern Europe witch accessed European Union in the last wave of accession in 2004. and in witch processes of transition are practically finished, - Countries that are now on doorstep of EU (Romania and Bulgaria), and - Serbia, where transition process are in delay of one decade, from known reasons: country decomposition, war in environment, isolation from international community, NATO actions. This paper works gives overview of applied measures and achieved effects of transition in the area of agrar in listed countries. With significant problems, it is showed that transition in countries that ended this process was successful. Serbia has, in a matter of speaking, stirring times by the end of transition. Experience obtained by countries that finished this process can be still useful for transition in Serbia.
Estimating the New Keynesian Phillips Curve for the UK: evidence from the inflation-indexed bonds market

This paper utilizes the information in the inflation-indexed bonds market to estimate the New Keynesian Phillips Curve for the UK using an unobserved component approach. The main advantage of this approach comes from using the Kalman filter to explicitly estimate the unobserved expected inflation from the observed break-even inflation rates – the yield difference between the inflation-indexed bonds and the nominal bonds. Our results show that the expected inflation estimated from the unobserved component model plays a significant role in explaining the inflation dynamics in the UK. The evidence also suggests that the estimated inflation expectations are better able to capture the evolution of actual inflation process as compared to the break-even inflation rate as a proxy for expected inflation.
A Two-Step Growth Pathway for High Sb Incorporation in GaAsSb Nanowires in the Telecommunication Wavelength Range.

Self-catalyzed growth of axial GaAs1−xSbx nanowire (NW) arrays with bandgap tuning corresponding to the telecommunication wavelength of 1.3 µm poses a challenge, as the growth mechanism for axial configuration is primarily thermodynamically driven by the vapor-liquid-solid growth process. A systematic study carried out on the effects of group V/III beam equivalent (BEP) ratios and substrate temperature (Tsub) on the chemical composition in NWs and NW density revealed the efficacy of a two-step growth temperature sequence (initiating the growth at relatively higher Tsub = 620 °C and then continuing the growth at lower Tsub) as a promising approach for obtaining high-density NWs at higher Sb compositions. The dependence of the Sb composition in the NWs on the growth parameters investigated has been explained by an analytical relationship between the effective vapor composition and NW composition using relevant kinetic parameters. A two-step growth approach along with a gradual variation in Ga-BEP for offsetting the consumption of the droplets has been explored to realize long NWs with homogeneous Sb composition up to 34 at.% and photoluminescence emission reaching 1.3 µm at room temperature.
Physical Mechanisms Driving Cell Sorting in Hydra

Cell sorting, whereby a heterogeneous cell mixture organizes into distinct tissues, is a fundamental patterning process in development. Hydra is a powerful model system for carrying out studies of cell sorting in three dimensions, because of its unique ability to regenerate after complete dissociation into individual cells. The physicists Alfred Gierer and Hans Meinhardt recognized Hydra's self-organizing properties more than 40 years ago. However, what drives cell sorting during regeneration of Hydra from cell aggregates is still debated. Differential motility and differential adhesion have been proposed as driving mechanisms, but the available experimental data are insufficient to distinguish between these two. Here, we answer this longstanding question by using transgenic Hydra expressing fluorescent proteins and a multiscale experimental and numerical approach. By quantifying the kinematics of single cell and whole aggregate behaviors, we show that no differences in cell motility exist among cell types and that sorting dynamics follow a power law with an exponent of ∼0.5. Additionally, we measure the physical properties of separated tissues and quantify their viscosities and surface tensions. Based on our experimental results and numerical simulations, we conclude that tissue interfacial tensions are sufficient to explain cell sorting in aggregates of Hydra cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the aggregate's geometry during sorting is key to understanding the sorting dynamics and explains the exponent of the power law behavior. Our results answer the long standing question of the physical mechanisms driving cell sorting in Hydra cell aggregates. In addition, they demonstrate how powerful this organism is for biophysical studies of self-organization and pattern formation.
Longitudinal determinants of depression among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees, 14-15 years after the 9/11 attacks.

Abstract Background Exposure to the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks has been found to be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid PTSD and depression up to 10–11 years post-disaster. However, little is known about the longitudinal predictors of mental health conditions over time. Methods We examined longitudinal determinants of depression within strata of PTSD among 21,258 enrollees of the World Trade Center Health Registry who completed four questionnaires over 14 years of follow-up (Wave 1 in 2003–04; Wave 2 in 2005–06; Wave 3 in 2011–12; and Wave 4 in 2015–16). PTSD status was measured using the PTSD checklist on all four waves and defined as a score of ≥ 44; depression was assessed using the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire at Waves 3 and 4 and defined as a score of ≥ 10. Results Across Waves 3 and 4, 18.6% experienced depression, and it was more common among those who ever had PTSD (56.1%) compared with those who had not (5.6%). Across PTSD strata, predictors of depression included low income, unemployment, low social integration and support, post-9/11 traumatic life events, and chronic physical illness. These factors also decreased the likelihood of recovering from depression. Limitations Depression symptoms were not measured at Waves 1 and 2; data was self-reported. Conclusions These findings highlight the substantial burden of depression in a trauma-exposed population 14–15 years post-disaster, especially among those with PTSD. Similar life stressors predicted the course of depression among those with and without PTSD which may inform public health and clinical interventions.
Advancing Risk Management in Nuclear Power Plant EPC Projects: An Empirical Evaluation of Risk Management Practices on Steam Generator Replacement Projects

The nuclear power industry has historically been plagued with new plant deployment risks for engineering procurement and construction (EPC); project cost and schedule overruns present a risk to investors. These risks are anticipated to continue to hinder the growth of the nuclear industry, due to expected increased regulatory requirements due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant incident in March 2011. Although several risk management practices have been put in place, considerable cost and schedule excursions have continued to occur in the construction of recent nuclear power plant projects. We identify the limitations with current risk management practices by assessing the level of completeness of risk identification and accuracy of risk assessments on prior steam generator replacement (SGR) projects. SGR projects were chosen for this evaluation because their scope of work is characteristic of large nuclear power plant EPC projects.
Reducing STEM gender bias with VIDS (video interventions for diversity in STEM)

Gender biases contribute to the underrepresentation of women in STEM. In response, the scientific community has called for methods to reduce bias, but few validated interventions exist. Thus, an interdisciplinary group of researchers and filmmakers partnered to create VIDS (Video Interventions for Diversity in STEM), which are short videos that expose participants to empirical findings from published gender bias research in 1 of 3 conditions. One condition illustrated findings using narratives (compelling stories), and the second condition presented the same results using expert interviews (straightforward facts). A hybrid condition included both narrative and expert interview videos. Results of two experiments revealed that relative to controls, VIDS successfully reduced gender bias and increased awareness of gender bias, positive attitudes toward women in STEM, anger, empathy, and intentions to engage in behaviors that promote gender parity in STEM. The narratives were particularly impactful for emotions, while the expert interviews most strongly impacted awareness and attitudes. The hybrid condition reflected the strengths of both the narratives and expert interviews (though effects were sometimes slightly weaker than the other conditions). VIDS produced substantial immediate effects among both men and women in the general population and STEM faculty, and effects largely persisted at follow-up. (PsycINFO Database Record
Successful Wean Despite Emergence of Ictal–Interictal EEG Patterns During the Weaning of Prolonged Burst-Suppression Therapy for Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus

Management of refractory status epilepticus (SE) commonly involves the induction of burst suppression using intravenous anesthetic agents. However, the endpoints of these therapies are not well defined. Weaning anesthetic agents are complicated by the emergence of electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns along the ictal–interictal continuum (IIC), which have uncertain significance given that IIC patterns may worsen cerebral metabolism and oxygenation, have a dissociation between scalp and depth EEG recordings, or may indicate a late stage of SE itself. Determining the significance of IIC patterns in the unique context of anesthetic weaning is important to prevent the potential for unnecessarily prolonging anesthetic coma. Among 118 individuals with SE, we retrospectively identified a series of patients who underwent at least 24 h of burst-suppression therapy, experienced two or more weaning trials, and developed IIC patterns during anesthetic weaning. Anesthetic titration strategies during the emergence of these patterns were examined. Each of the six individuals who met inclusion criteria experienced aggressive weaning despite the emergence of IIC patterns. The IIC patterns that were encountered during anesthetic weaning (including generalized and lateralized periodic discharges) are described in detail. Favorable outcomes were reported in each subject. IIC patterns encountered during anesthetic weaning may be transitional and warrant observation, allowing for the emergence of more definitive clinical or electrographic results. The metabolic impact of these IIC patterns on brain activity is uncertain, but weaning strategies that treat IIC as a surrogate of recurrent SE risk further prolonging anesthetic management and its known toxicity. We speculate that these patterns may have a context-specific association with SE relapse, with less-risk conferred when these patterns are observed during the weaning of anesthetic agents after prolonged burst-suppression therapy. Other electrographic features aside from this clinical context may discriminate the risk of SE relapse, such as EEG background activity.
Discontinuing caffeine in preterm infants at 33-35 weeks corrected gestational age: Failure rate and predictive factors.

OBJECTIVE To examine the success rate of our current practice of discontinuing caffeine at 33 0/7-35 6/7 weeks post menstrual age (PMA), as well as factors that predict the success or failure of discontinuation. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective chart review of infants born before 34 weeks gestational age between 2006-2012. Data collected included demographics, and other comorbidities mainly complications of prematurity. RESULTS 647 treated infants had caffeine discontinued at 33-35 PMA before discharge or transfer. 64 (10%) infants failed discontinuation and had caffeine restarted. Most (77%) of those who failed started having monitor alarms within 7 days of discontinuation. BPD and Hispanic ethnicity were predictive of weaning failure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Caffeine can be discontinued at 33-35 weeks PMA with a failure rate of 10%. BPD and Hispanic ethnicity are predictive of failure. It is generally safe to discharge infants seven days after the caffeine was discontinued if no significant monitor events occur during that time.
The Great American Evil—Indigestion: Digestive Health and Democratic Politics in Walt Whitman

This chapter examines a series of essays on dietetics and digestive health by Walt Whitman in which he navigates the transition between humoral medicine and nutrition science. Whitman’s claim that indigestion is the “great American evil” threatening the health of the American body politic, and his claim that the healthiest diet consists almost exclusively of meat, are intimately connected. Whitman’s resistance to vegetarianism is best understood as a rejection of the Christian moralism that accompanied vegetarianism in the nineteenth century. In sum, digestion is political for Whitman insofar as healthy bodies require proper diet, while democracy requires a host of healthy bodies able to fully digest their food.
LeGO-LOAM: Lightweight and Ground-Optimized Lidar Odometry and Mapping on Variable Terrain

We propose a lightweight and ground-optimized lidar odometry and mapping method, LeGO-LOAM, for realtime six degree-of-freedom pose estimation with ground vehicles. LeGO-LOAM is lightweight, as it can achieve realtime pose estimation on a low-power embedded system. LeGO-LOAM is ground-optimized, as it leverages the presence of a ground plane in its segmentation and optimization steps. We first apply point cloud segmentation to filter out noise, and feature extraction to obtain distinctive planar and edge features. A two-step Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method then uses the planar and edge features to solve different components of the six degree-of-freedom transformation across consecutive scans. We compare the performance of LeGO-LOAM with a state-of-the-art method, LOAM, using datasets gathered from variable-terrain environments with ground vehicles, and show that LeGO-LOAM achieves similar or better accuracy with reduced computational expense. We also integrate LeGO-LOAM into a SLAM framework to eliminate the pose estimation error caused by drift, which is tested using the KITTI dataset.
BLUE LUMINESCENCE AND THE PRESENCE OF SMALL POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Blue luminescence (BL) was first discovered in a proto-planetary nebula, the Red Rectangle (RR), surrounding the post-AGB star HD 44179. BL has been attributed to fluorescence by small, 3-4 ringed neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and was thought to be unique to the RR environment, where such small molecules are actively being produced and shielded from the harsh interstellar radiation by a dense circumstellar disk. In this paper we present the BL spectrum detected in several ordinary reflection nebulae illuminated by stars having temperatures between 10,000 and 23,000 K. All these nebulae are known to also exhibit the infrared emission features called aromatic emission features (AEFs) attributed to large PAHs. We present the spatial distribution of the BL in these nebulae. In the case of Ced 112, the BL is spatially correlated with mid-IR emission structures attributed to AEFs. These observations provide evidence for grain processing and possibly for in situ formation of small grains and large molecules from larger aggregates. Most importantly, the detection of BL in these ordinary reflection nebulae suggests that the BL carrier is an ubiquitous component of the interstellar medium and is not restricted to the particular environment of the RR.
Complementary Diastereoselective Reduction of Cyclic γ-Keto Acids: Efficient Access to Trisubsituted γ-Lactones

Complementary reduction conditions have been identified that provide ready access to each respective diastereomer of bi- and tricyclic, trisustituted γ-lactones starting from the corresponding cyclic γ-keto acids. Subjection of cyclic γ-keto acids to silane reagents in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid provides all syn-γ-lactones, while reduction with trialkylborohydrides furnishes the syn,anti-γ-lactones. The conditions are mild and provide the product lactones in good yields and modest to excellent selectivity.
The Past and Future of Quantitative Research (Presentation Slides)

Traditionally, the development of investment strategies has required domain-specific knowledge and access to restricted datasets. These two barriers exist by design: (a) Financial knowledge is hoarded by firms, and protected as trade secrets, and (b) Financial data is expensive, making it inaccessible to the broad scientific community. This presentation explores how these two barriers impact the quality of quantitative research, and how investment tournaments can help deliver better investment outcomes by overcoming those two barriers.
An Eerie Cacophony: Forms of the Collective in Occupy Novels

Novels that were written about or inspired by the Occupy movement in 2011 are often praised for their attempts at representing the collectivity of the movement. Using the framework of governance infrastructure as provided by Anna Feigenbaum, Fabian Frenzel, and Patrick McCurdy, this article examines what infrastructural practices facilitated collectivity in Occupy and theorizes how post-Occupy novels have formalized those practices. I look at two novels, Ben Lerner’s 2014 novel 10:04 and Rachel Kushner’s 2013 novel The Flamethrowers to demonstrate how post-Occupy novels embody the collective voice of the Occupy movement to varying degrees of success. This article closely reads both novels to illustrate how voice is informed by collective protest strategies and proposes that such use of voice is a development new to post-Occupy novels and signals an awareness of how structures of fiction imitate state infrastructure. Publisher's note: This article was originally published with the title 'An Eerie Cacaphony: Forms of the Collective in Occupy Novels'. This has now been corrected.
Self-Regulated Learning and Fashion YouTuber

The purpose of the study is to explore the concept of self-regulated learning (SRL) and its application to the professional development as fashion YouTuber. The study employs the cyclical phase model of SRL in the curriculum development of independent study course that guides students to build new knowledge and experience as fashion YouTubers. The study may provide pedagogical insights for effective SRL activities. Further, students may find out their learning styles and aware of their strength and weakness in learning behavior. The proposed learning process may help students to develop the foundation knowledge and experience as fashion YouTuber, one of career fields for the future.
Outcomes in Patients with Smaller Left Ventricular End Diastolic Diameter Following HeartMate 3 (HM3) Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Implantation

Purpose Outcomes in patients with small left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) following HM3 LVAD implantation have not been well characterized. We sought to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with small LVEDD to those with dilated left ventricles. Methods Patients who received a HeartMate 3 LVAD at our institution between October 1, 2015 and June 30, 2019 were analyzed. Patients who received a HM3 LVAD as a pump exchange were excluded. The cohort was divided in 2 groups: smaller LVEDD (≤60 mm in males and ≤58 mm in females) and larger LVEDD (>60 mm in males and >58 mm in females). Results One hundred and nineteen patients underwent HeartMate 3 LVAD implantation at our institution. Patients in the smaller LVEDD group (n: 22) had a mean LVEDD of 55.7±5 mm and patients in the larger LVEDD group had a mean LVEDD of 70.6±8 mm (p= Conclusion Adult patients with smaller LVEDD who received a HeartMate 3 LVAD have comparable clinical outcomes to patients with larger LVEDD. A small left ventricle should not be a contraindication to implantation of this particular durable device in adult patients.
Embryology of Iris

The formation of the iris is an interaction between neural ectoderm, neural crest and mesoderm. It starts from formation of the optic cup from neural ectoderm which invaginates into itself to form the posterior double layer of iris pigment epithelium. The neural crest origin melanoblasts, will migrate into the stromal tissue that is formed by the periocular mesenchyme. The stroma of the iris is formed from mesoderm as part of anterior chamber formation and regression and disappearance of the endothelium on the front surface of the iris by birth.
Inhibition of AlgU by MucA is required for viability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), and this bacterium undergoes selection in the CF lung environment over the course of these life-long infections. One genetic adaptation frequently observed in CF P. aeruginosa isolates is mutation of mucA. MucA inhibits the sigma factor AlgU. Clinical mucA mutations lead to misregulation of AlgU, resulting in a mucoid bacterial phenotype that is associated with poor CF disease outcomes. Here we show that paradoxically a portion of the mucA gene is essential for P. aeruginosa viability. We demonstrate that mucA is no longer essential in a strain lacking algU, and mucA alleles that encode for proteins that do not bind to AlgU are insufficient for bacterial viability. Furthermore, we found that mucA is no longer essential in mutant strains containing AlgU variants with reduced sigma factor activity, suggesting that reducing AlgU activity can suppress the requirement for mucA. Finally, we found that overexpression of algU from an inducible promoter prevents cell growth in the absence of MucA, and that this phenotype can be rescued by overproduction of RpoD, the housekeeping sigma factor. Together, these results suggest that in the absence of MucA, the inability to regulate AlgU activity leads to sigma factor competition, preventing the expression of essential housekeeping genes and resulting in the loss of bacterial viability.
Dealer Expertise and Market Concentration in OTC Trading

In most over-the-counter (OTC) markets, a few dealers build large research teams and account for major proportions of customer trades. We endogenize dealer expertise and size in a model in which each customer values such expertise and can choose one dealer with whom to trade. The equilibrium market structure is driven by two countervailing effects when more customers concentrate in a dealer: the dealer acquires more expertise and enjoys greater bargaining power, with the former effect benefiting and the latter hurting these customers. Multiple equilibria emerge and ex-ante identical dealers may differ substantially in equilibrium. While social welfare always increases when customers concentrate in fewer dealers, customers fare better in equilibria with intermediate levels of concentration. Scarcity of public information tends to intensify market concentration and inefficient dealers can capture more customers.
Evaluation of the Cosmetic Blepharoplasty Patient

Summary There has been a major paradigm shift in blepharoplasty surgery because of the recent technologic advances with endoscopic surgery, laser resurfacing, and fat transfer. Education and communication are of paramount importance to help eliminate confusion, frustration, misunderstandings, and patient disappointment. A discussion about the associated risks and benefits of the proposed procedures and the expected healing times is imperative. Preoperative and postoperative instructions along with copies of the surgical consents may be given to patients to study at home before surgery. Evaluation of the cosmetic blepharoplasty patient must include the upper and midface, the eyelids and eyes, and the skin. The best choice for each patient is individualized based on their dislikes, the physical examination, their tolerance for potential risks, the healing time, and their budget. Putting all this together is a fine art in providing patients with the difference between good, better, and best in lid rejuvenation.
Rethinking hiker preparedness: Association of carrying "10 essentials" with adverse events and satisfaction among day-hikers.

Abstract Introduction Many trusted organizations recommend a particular set of gear for hikers. Termed the “10 essentials,” the importance of these items to wilderness preparedness has not been critically evaluated. We sought to better understand the value of these items in day hiker preparedness by assessing the association between carried items, the occurrence of adverse events, and satisfaction. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted at Mount Monadnock (NH) over 4 non-consecutive days. Adults finishing a day hike were invited to participate. The survey assessed items carried, adverse events, satisfaction, and whether hikers felt prepared for the adverse events that occurred. The primary outcome was the occurrence of an adverse event. Results A total sample of 961 hikers reported 1686 adverse events. Hikers felt prepared for 89% of the events experienced. The most common adverse events reported were thirst (62%), hunger (50%), feeling cold (18%), and needing rain gear (11%). Medical events such as sprains and lacerations made up 18% of all adverse events. Carrying more items was associated with an increased likelihood of reporting an adverse event and a decreased likelihood of adverse events that the hiker was not prepared for, without a change in satisfaction rates. Conclusions Carrying more items did not translate into improved satisfaction for day hikers, but was associated with fewer events for which the hiker was unprepared. Other than adverse events related to hunger, thirst, weather, and minor medical events, adverse events were unlikely during this day hike. Nutrition, hydration, and insulation were the items reported as most often needed, followed by a kit to treat minor medical events, while the remaining 6 items were infrequently used.
Reproductive Differences in Cows Treated with rBST Compared to Cows Not Treated

Numerous studies have reported decreased reproductive performance associated with administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) to lactating dairy cows. However, most reports have been based on observations from studies conducted with small sample sizes or from target animal safety studies not designed to detect reproductive changes. This study was designed as a prospective clinical trial to provide more accurate measurement of reproductive changes associated with rBST use per label directions. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of rBST on the survivability of the conceptus conceived within 24 days prior to the initiation of rBST, as well as effects on heat detection, conception and pregnancy rates after initiation of rBST treatment.
Asymmetric Information in Cattle Auction: The Problem of Revaccinations

The paper analyzes the problem of asymmetric information between buyers and sellers in cattle auctions. An illustration is made regarding the vaccinations that the animals receive. Buyers do not know and cannot verify if sellers have vaccinated their animals forcing them to consider revaccination. Revaccination is only a part of the broader problem of information asymmetry that includes other quality issues and costs that can be saved, thereby increasing the welfare of both buyers and sellers. Structural characteristics of ranching, traditions and consumers' preferences are taken into account and a wider approach is attempted to explain the persistence of the problem in light of potential institutional solutions. We argue for a comprehensive empirical study of the incidence and impacts of buyer revaccination.