cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Computational Semantics for Natural Language

In the new Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) language processing system that is currently under development at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, the Montagovian semantics of the earlier GPSG system (see [Gawron et al. 1982]) is replaced by a radically different approach with a number of distinct advantages. In place of the lambda calculus and standard first-order logic, our medium of conceptual representation is a new logical formalism called NFLT (Neo-Fregean Language of Thought); compositional semantics is effected, not by schematic lambda expressions, but by LISP procedures that operate on NFLT expressions to produce new expressions. NFLT has a number of features that make it well-suited for natural language translations, including predicates of variable arity in which explicitly marked situational roles supercede order-coded argument positions, sortally restricted quantification, a compositional (but nonextensional) semantics that handles causal contexts, and a principled conceptual raising mechanism that we expect to lead to a computationally tractable account of propositional attitudes. The use of semantically compositional LISP procedures in place of lambda-schemas allows us to produce fully reduced translations on the fly, with no need for post-processing. This approach should simplify the task of using semantic information (such as sortal incompatibilities) to eliminate bad parse paths.
Experimental Demonstration of How Strapping Fields Can Inhibit Solar Prominence Eruptions

It has been conjectured that the eruption of a solar prominence can be inhibited if a much larger scale, arched magnetic field straddles the prominence and effectively straps it down. We have demonstrated this effect in a laboratory experiment where a vacuum strapping field acts on a scaled simulation of a solar prominence. The required magnitude of the strapping field is in good agreement with a theoretical model that takes into account the full three-dimensional magnetic topology.
Patterns of self-harm behavior among women with borderline personality symptomatology: Psychiatric versus primary care samples

The current study investigated differences in self-harm behavior among individuals with borderline personality symptomatology from two different clinical settings. Participants were women, between the ages of 18 and 45, from an outpatient mental health setting or a primary care setting. Each participant completed the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) and the borderline personality scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R). Using a predetermined cut-off for substantial borderline personality symptomatology on the SHI, group comparisons with chi(2) analyses indicated that "overdosed" and "hit self" were significantly more common in the mental health subsample whereas "abused laxatives" was significantly more common in the primary care subsample. Using a predetermined cut-off for borderline personality on the PDQ-R, chi-square analyses indicated that "overdosed" and "hit self" remained significantly more common in the mental health subsample. Despite these differences, there was remarkable similarity of symptoms between groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.
A novel growth stimulating activity from BRL-3A cell conditioned medium.

The R– cell line is a 3T3-like cell line originating from mouse embryos with a homozygous disruption of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) genes. Although R– cells cannot grow at all in serum-free medium (SFM) supplemented by several known growth factors, either singly or in combination, they are able to grow in 10% serum, albeit at a reduced rate. These findings suggested that serum contains an unknown, or unidentified, growth factor that can promote cell growth even in cells devoid of IGF-IRs. In an effort to identify such growth factor, we searched, using R– cells, for a growth and DNA synthesis stimulating activity in SFM conditioned by different cell lines. We found that the BRL-3A cell line secreted an activity capable of stimulating DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in R– cells. This activity (which is concentration-dependent) can be collected and concentrated by ultrafiltration, it is heat-labile, proteinase K-sensitive and has a size larger than 10 kDa. Because of the resistance of R– cells to stimulation by known growth factors, we believe that this activity is due to a novel polypeptide secreted by BRL-3A cells. Further characterization of the active component(s) is in progress.
Exploring efficiency differences between medical home and non-medical home hospitals

Although research on the delivery and effectiveness of medical home care in the outpatient setting is rapidly emerging, little is known about the performance of hospitals claiming to have adopted a medical home model. Exploring the linkages between medical home programs and measures of hospital efficiency is a step towards understanding if this model of care can help stem rising healthcare costs and increase hospital productivity. To explore this relationship this study employed a retrospective, cross-sectional, two-stage approach involving (1) bias-corrected data envelopment analysis (DEA) and (2) Tobit regression. Findings from the DEA suggest that a total of 119 of 2212 U.S. hospitals were technically efficient in 2012. Also, hospitals claiming to have a medical home program were more efficient (0.73) than those reporting not having a medical home program (0.69). The regression model predicts an association between hospitals reporting to have a medical home program and hospital efficiency while control...
A New Species of Ischyomius Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Pythidae) from Costa Rica

Abstract Ischyomius hovorei new species (Coleoptera: Pythidae) is described from Costa Rica, (type locality: Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, Estacion Pittier). The new species is diagnosed, illustrated, and keyed. Ischyomius hovorei can be distinguished from sympatric species of Ischyomius by its distinctive coloration, deeply emarginate tarsomeres, and the relatively long apical elytral spine.
Adaptation Strategies of Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background:Despite the strong implications for rehabilitation design, the capability of individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to adapt and store novel gait patterns have not been well studied.Purpose:To investigate how reconstructive surgery may affect the ability to adapt and store novel gait patterns in persons with ACLR while walking on a split-belt treadmill.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Gait adaptation was compared between 20 participants with ACLR and 20 healthy controls during split-belt treadmill walking. Gait adaptation was assessed in slow- and fast-adapting parameters by (1) the magnitude of symmetry during late adaptation and (2) the amount of the asymmetry during de-adaptation.Results:Healthy individuals adapted a new walking pattern and stored the new walking pattern equally in both the dominant and nondominant limbs. Conversely, individuals with ACLR displayed impairments in both slow-adapting and fast-adapting derived gait adaptation and signi...
Cell Motility and the Problem of Anatomical Homeostasis

The locomotion of tissue cells need not be invasive or disrupt normal tissue geometry, as occurs in cancer. The normal relationship between anatomical structure and cell locomotion is exactly the reverse, with motility serving to create and maintain the structures of the body. This relationship is most extreme in sponges, where time-lapse films show that the cells move about continually in patterns that restructure these animals' simple anatomy. The cells choose their position according to their differentiated cell type, which is the opposite of what is usually assumed to occur in development and has important implications for the functional significance of histotypic cell sorting. A particular type of cellular force that seems to be important in morphogenesis is the traction that all motile tissue cells exert. This traction can be studied by culturing cells on very thin sheets of silicone rubber, so that the locations and variations in the cellular forces are made visible by the wrinkles they produce in the rubber substratum. One finding has been that the traction forces exerted by untransformed fibroblasts are very much stronger than is needed for their own locomotion, but are well adapted for the function of rearranging and aligning collagen fibres to form structures like ligaments, tendons and muscles. These forces are found to be greatly weakened by neoplastic transformation, however, suggesting that malignant invasiveness results from some sort of deflection of cell traction forces from their proper morphogenetic functions, so as to produce uncontrolled invasion. To explain how motile cells create and maintain structures, as well as how their locomotion sometimes becomes perverted into the form of cancerous invasiveness, what seems to be needed is an extension of the concept of homeostasis to apply to the control of geometric relations between cells. This task may not be easy; one obstacle is the widespread belief that asymptotic stability implies the minimization of free energy. Instead, I suggest that stability results from balance of opposing forces within tissues, and that genes control which anatomical shapes will exist by determining the rules by which the relative strengths of these forces vary as functions of shape: to control shape, one must control the way forces vary with shape.
USING AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS TO IMPROVE GROUNDWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT MODELS

Increasingly, groundwater management requires more accurate hydrogeologic frameworks for groundwater models. These complex issues have created the demand for innovative approaches to data collection. In complicated terrains, groundwater modelers benefit from continuous high-resolution geologic maps and their related hydrogeologic-parameter estimates. The USGS and its partners have collaborated to use airborne geophysical surveys for near-continuous coverage of areas of the North Platte River valley in western Nebraska. The survey objectives were to map the aquifers and bedrock topography of the area to help improve the understanding of groundwater–surface-water relationships, leading to improved water management decisions. Frequency-domain heliborne electromagnetic surveys were completed, using a unique survey design to collect resistivity data that can be related to lithologic information to refine groundwater model inputs. To render the geophysical data useful to multidimensional groundwater models, numerical inversion is necessary to convert the measured data into a depth-dependent subsurface resistivity model. This inverted model, in conjunction with sensitivity analysis, geological ground truth (boreholes and surface geology maps), and geological interpretation, is used to characterize hydrogeologic features. Interpreted two- and three-dimensional data coverage provides the groundwater modeler with a high-resolution hydrogeologic framework and a quantitative estimate of framework uncertainty. This method of creating hydrogeologic frameworks improved the understanding of flow path orientation by redefining the location of the paleochannels and associated bedrock highs. The improved models reflect actual hydrogeology at a level of accuracy not achievable using previous data sets.
Charge Separation in P3HT:SWCNT Blends Studied by EPR: Spin Signature of the Photoinduced Charged State in SWCNT.

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) could be employed in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices as a replacement or additive for currently used fullerene derivatives, but significant research remains to explain fundamental aspects of charge generation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, which is sensitive only to unpaired electrons, was applied to explore charge separation in P3HT:SWCNT blends. The EPR signal of the P3HT positive polaron increases as the concentration of SWCNT acceptors in a photoexcited P3HT:SWCNT blend is increased, demonstrating long-lived charge separation induced by electron transfer from P3HT to SWCNTs. An EPR signal from reduced SWCNTs was not identified in blends due to the free and fast-relaxing nature of unpaired SWCNT electrons as well as spectral overlap of this EPR signal with the signal from positive P3HT polarons. However, a weak EPR signal was observed in chemically reduced SWNTs, and the g values of this signal are close to those of C70-PCBM anion radical. ...
Phenyl isocyanate anion radicals and their cyclotrimerization to triphenyl isocyanurate anion radicals.

Room-temperature sodium metal reduction of phenyl isocyanate (PhNCO) in hexamethylphosphoramide yields the anion radical (PhNCO•–) where the unpaired electron exhibits coupling to one nitrogen and five unique protons. The extent of coupling to the carbon in the NCO group was obtained via the reduction of 13C-labeled PhN13CO. Remarkably, this coupling is over 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that found for the alkyl-substituted analogue. This large attenuation indicates that the electron is not localized within the isocyanate group (as in the alkyl analogues) but is distributed throughout the entire π system including the phenyl ring. The consequence of this delocalization is that the isocyanate is expected to remain linear upon reduction of PhNCO. The anion radicals of p-tolyl- and p-methoxyphenyl isocyanate have also been generated. We find that these electron-donating substituents on the phenyl ring have little effect on the nitrogen coupling. Hence, the NCO group has the same geometry as the PhNCO•–....
Modeling Lexical Acquisition Through Networks.

We examine the nature of phonological and semantic similarity in early language learning. We consider how the use of this information might change over the course of development. To this end, we represent the lexicon as either a phonological or semantic network and model the growth of this network. Constructing normative vocabularies from the Communicative Development Inventory norms, we utilize a preferential attachment growth algorithm. We predict and quantify the words which will be learned next, comparing the two network representations. We consider the effect of age, total vocabulary size and language ability as measured through CDI percentile. Our findings suggest that the semantic representation does not outperform the baseline bag-of-words model, whereas the phonological representation conditionally does. More generally, we show that the network representation influences the ability of a model to capture vocabulary growth. We further offer a method of analysis for testing representational assumptions in network models.
Studying Contingency Systematically

In a series of articles and books, David Mayhew has argued convincingly that "in the realm of primitive building blocks, there is a case for ranking events as the equals of interests and preferences in a seriously explanatory political science." We develop that insight byexamining the cases of gun control, global warming, and others. Our goal is to determine when and how unique events can spur opinion change, and when and how such opinion change can eventuate in new laws, rules, or rulers. We do not fully succeed, since the task is too great for a single chapter. But the cases enable us to develop a decision tree with crucial points for empirical study, in order to help scholars develop more systematic understandings of when, how, and why, contingency matters in political processes and outcomes.
Workforce Development in Hong Kong

In many industrialized nations, key stakeholders frequently discuss whether the country has adequate talent to successfully compete in an era of rapid globalization. In the US, political and business leaders frequently express alarm at the aging engineering and scientific workforce. Declining enrollments in scientific fields in US universities are juxtaposed against rapidly accelerating graduation rates of engineers and scientists in China and India. This disparity often leads to predictions of severe shortages of science and engineering workers in the US and a loss of US competitive edge unless science and engineering graduation rates can be lifted. Globalization is also causing disruptions in the US workforce, with the outsourcing of high-skilled jobs to India and China. Protectionists say the solution is to raise trade barriers and prevent outsourcing to save quasi-technical, skilled white-collar jobs.
Narrateur, Narratrice: Polyphonia in Laclos’ Les Liaisons Dangereuses

After reading the first four letters of Laclos’ Les Liaisons Dangereuses the reader is struck with the remarkable number of polyphonic nuances that are clearly present. What Bakhtin has mentioned about Dostoevsky in Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics—that there is “a plurality of independent and unmerged voices and consciousnesses, a genuine polyphony of fully valid voices” (Bakhtin, 6) is characteristic of Laclos’ poetics as well. What is specifically novel about Les Liaisons Dangereuses is not only the epistolary method that Laclos uses, but the multiplicity of voices that he creates which all but nullify Laclos’ own voice. Unlike Prevost’s monophonic tones, Laclos structures his characters’ voices so that they reflect not only the character’s character, but also, syntactically, his/her manner of being.
Minerals of the Morefield Pegmatite Amelia County, Virginia

(1993). Minerals of the Morefield Pegmatite Amelia County, Virginia. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 68, No. 4, pp. 232-242.
The Regulation of Combination: The Implications of Combining Natural Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection

In 15 American states, environmental protection agencies perform both pollution-control and natural resource conservation functions. In this study, I examine how this combination of functions affects the regulatory style embraced by these agencies. I find, through interviews with environmental agency workers and empirical analyses using enforcement data from 2010 to 2014, that the cooperation and flexibility with industry inherent to natural resource conservation efforts is a fundamental part of the regulatory process within these combined agencies. Great efforts are made to garner voluntary or negotiated compliance without the possible economic consequences of punitive actions. Enforcements are less frequent and less severe. The effect of this agency design choice is powerful, maintaining its effect even when controlling for political, ideological, and economical pressures. In a time where environmental protection agencies are increasingly interested in incorporating management-based regulation and volun...
Robust Sensor Data Fusion Through Adaptive Threshold Learning

Sensor fusion is the process of combining sensor readings from disparate resources so that the resulting information is more accurate and complete. The key challenge in sensor fusion arises from the inherent imperfection of data, commonly caused by sampling error, network respond time, imprecise measurement, and unreliable resources. Therefore, data fusion methods need to be advanced to address various aspects of data imperfections. In this paper, we first propose a novel unified data fusion framework based on rough set theory to systematically represent data granularity and imprecision. Then, we develop a cost-driven adaptive learning algorithm that can infer the optimal threshold values from data to obtain minimum cost. Our experimental study demonstrates the framework’s effectiveness and validity.
Neurogenic Orofacial Weakness and Speech in Adults With Dysarthria

Purpose This study compared orofacial strength between adults with dysarthria and neurologically normal (NN) matched controls. In addition, orofacial muscle weakness was examined for potential rela...
Creation and evaluation of a cancer chemotherapy order review guide for use at a community hospital.

The proper evaluation of cancer chemotherapy orders is necessary for patients to receive safe and effective treatment. The chemotherapy treatment setting is evolving resulting in hospital pharmacis...
Legal Evidence of Subjective States: A Brain-Based Model of Chronic Pain Increases Accuracy and Fairness in Law

Advances in structural and functional neuroimaging offer new ways to conceptualize chronic pain disorders and to prevent, diagnose, and treat chronic pain. Advances in pain science, though, do not entail changes in the concepts of chronic pain in law and culture. Authoritative legal and cultural conceptions of chronic pain continue to promote abstruse theories, characterizing these disorders as arising out of everything from a person's unmet need for love to resistance to "patriarchy." These constructs have consequences, impeding treatment and affecting whether individuals with chronic pain can obtain legal redress. Legal systems themselves are disadvantaged, as adjudicators struggle to make sense of regulations and presumptions at odds with the medical evidence that they must evaluate. Law's pain schema is so misdescriptive that, paradoxically, it can reward fraudulent claims and disadvantage legitimate ones. This review discusses advances in neuroimaging and related sciences that are contributing to an emerging neurological model of chronic pain. It then describes doctrines and cases in the United States and United Kingdom, demonstrating how law's pre-neurological model of pain complicates the legal process for all participants. It concludes with suggestions for doctrinal revisions, which may have broader effects on law's long-standing dualistic conception of body versus mind.
Ilk Hunting: Newbies, Cyberpunks, Coders and the Search for Elusive, Ego-Twisted, Talented Computer Hackers

Talented computer hackers enjoy leverage within the larger computing community, a level of in- fluence that may be turned toward both positive and negative activities. Hackers, however, are differentiated along several characteristics. So, this effort to understand talented computer hackers (1) reviews a taxonomy of computer hackers; (2) blends three theories (the social psychology of creativity, social identity theory, and a motivational hierarchy of needs); (3) reports empirical findings regarding the demographic characteristics, social roles, and personality observations of hackers; and (4) adds observations from a long-time participant in the IT culture.We use the social psychology of creativity to offer three propositions that can contribute to our understanding and management of talented computer hackers.
Observation of parametric gain suppression in stimulated rotational Raman scattering over long air paths

We report the first observation of parametric gain suppression of stimulated rotational Raman scattering (SRRS) in atmospheric N2 in propagation experiments over long air paths with a large-aperture large-Fresnel-number beam. We previously reported our observations of small-scale beam breakup in the near field and high-divergence speckle in the far field in strong SRRS conditions.1 In our most recent data this speckle is absent in a far-field zone surrounding the forward direction and appears in a narrow cone peaked at an angle of ~300 μrad. We believe this is a manifestation of Raman gain suppression.
Durable response to bevacizumab in adults with recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma (P4.163)

Objective: To describe the response to bevacizumab in adults with recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma. Background: Adult pilocytic astrocytomas (APA) are rare tumors with a more aggressive clinical course when compared to juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA). Recurrence rates for APA have been reported from 30–42%. APA are known to be highly vascular tumors and we hypothesized that they may be uniquely responsive to bevacizumab (BEV). Design/Methods: We present a series of four consecutive adult patients with pathologically diagnosed WHO grade I pilocytic astrocytoma who had a robust and durable response to BEV at time of recurrence. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 34 years (range: 23–66). Three tumors were located infratentorially and one in the thalamus. Three patients underwent a partial resection or near total resection and one patient underwent biopsy only. BRAF v600E mutation was absent in all patients. Ki-67 proliferation index was 5–9%. Initial treatment was radiation alone in 3 patients and concurrent radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) in one patient. All patients developed radiographic changes on MRI, including disease outside the radiation field, that were consistent with progressive disease based on RANO criteria. Median time to recurrence was 8.5 months (range: 4–10 months). All patients were treated with 6 cycles of BEV for recurrence and at the end of treatment, all patients had achieved a complete response. 1 patient also received adjuvant TMZ. Median follow-up time after BEV is 20.5 months (range: 7–34) and as of last follow up, no patient has recurred. Conclusions: Although, BEV has failed to demonstrate a survival benefit to date in all gliomas, this series suggests that BEV may have true anti-tumor activity in APA. Recurrence in APA in this series is consistent with previous reports and BEV may be an important agent to achieve durable disease control. Future multi-center studies to further assess efficacy are warranted. Disclosure: Dr Wasilewski has nothing to disclose. Dr Mohile has nothing to disclose.
Conclusion: Toward Territorial Nationalism?

As the tension between ethnic and territorial collective identities is becoming more acute with pressures of globalization, territorial nationalism is a viable and attractive alternative to linking the nation-state to ethnic identification, as the politics of identity in Russia’s buffer zone demonstrate. Given a renewed respect for the historical memory of groups (including ethnic ones) and places, territorial nationalism may be the only way forward to prepare today’s nation-state for tomorrow’s challenges.
Direct and Compound-Nucleus Neutrons from 14-18-MeV Protons on 9 Be, 14 N, 27 Al, 56 Fe, 115 In, 181 Ta, and 208 Pb and from 33-MeV Bremsstrahlung on 27 Al, 206 Pb, 208 Pb, and 209 Bi

The angle-integrated experimental ($p,xn$) spectra, fitted with precompound and evaporation spectra from Griffin's statistical model of intermediate structure, produced $g$, the number of independent-particle states per MeV, and ${f}_{c}$, the compound fraction. For $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{115}\mathrm{In}$, and $^{181}\mathrm{Ta}$, $g$ increased linearly with $A$, from 2 to 13, but decreased to 9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 for $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, at 18-MeV proton energy ${E}_{p}$. At ${E}_{p}=14$ MeV, $g=7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ for $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, which may signify vanishing shell effects at large ${E}_{p}$. Monte Carlo-type intranuclear-cascade-plus-evaporation calculations yielded spectra and cross sections in agreement with the measurements, allowing for several calculational defects that were made obvious in the comparisons. The Monte Carlo calculations yielded ${f}_{c}$ values close to those derived by fitting the data with Griffin's calculations for targets heavier than $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$. "Nuclear temperatures," obtained from LeCouteur's evaporation analysis for multiple-nucleon emissions, agreed for ($p,xn$) and giant-resonance ($\ensuremath{\gamma},xn$) reactions, both via the intermediate nucleus $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$, but differed considerably for the target $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, where direct and evaporation neutrons are not well separated in mean energy. The three types of analyses utilized here are therefore much more applicable for heavy nuclei than for light. Energy and angle dependence of ($\ensuremath{\gamma},xn$) reactions indicate negligible direct effects, in sharp contrast to ($p,xn$) reactions, which display a strong forward anisotropy at the high-energy end of the spectra.
Practical approach to genetic testing for primary immunodeficiencies.

Abstract Allergy and immunology practitioners are often consulted to evaluate patients with primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDD), in part because of improved awareness and diagnostic evaluation of these once considered rare diseases. This Yardstick provides information regarding state-of-the-art genetic testing to assist in the evaluation of patients with suspected or confirmed immunodeficiencies. Advances in gene sequencing technology has led to increased accessibility to genetic testing, which is essential for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and reproductive/family counseling. Methods that allow simultaneous sequence of several genes, known as targeted gene. sequencing (TGS), whole exome sequencing (WES), and whole genome sequencing (WGS), are currently being offered by clinical laboratories. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosomal microarray (CMA) are used to detect duplications or deletions of chromosomal regions. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages in the diagnostic workup of PIDD. Counseling on genetic implications to patients and their families is necessary before and after test results are available. Interpretation of results requires understanding of both genetic and immunological mechanisms of disease, especially when a newly described gene variant is reported and its association with disease has not been previously demonstrated.
Linkage Disequilibrium Between HLA Alleles in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Linkage disequilibrium is the concept that HLA types are associated into inherited haplotypes more commonly than is expected from DNA crossover events, which occur during normal meiosis The distal HLA loci HLA-DP and HLA-A may have some of the greatest chances to undergo crossover exchanges, due to being at the opposite extreme ends of the HLA locus on the short arm of chromosome six If the HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DR are known, then -DQ can be predicted with reasonable accuracy, and likewise if HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ are known, the -DP may be predicted, albeit with somewhat less accuracy
A scan-wise adaptive remeshing framework for thermal simulation of the selective laser melting process

Physics-based thermal simulation of laser powder bed fusion can greatly help understanding the process and reducing time and cost associated with experimental approaches. Numerical methods including the finite element method have been widely used to predict parts thermal-structural history during the build process. However, the simulation has scalability issues because both layer thickness and laser spot diameter are too tiny compared to the part-scale. Therefore, it is only feasible to run these simulations with massive computational resources or if the boundary conditions are simplified, which inevitably reduces the prediction accuracy. This paper proposes a tetrahedral element-based scan-wise adaptive remeshing framework for thermal simulation of the selective laser melting (SLM) process. Results show that a significant reduction of the computational time and resources can be achieved due to the reduction of the number of nodes. The proposed framework enables part-scale thermal modeling of the SLM process with detailed thermal history without sacrificing the accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through a large size cantilever problem.
Can Long-Term Institutional Owners Improve Market Efficiency in Parsing Complex Legal Disputes?

Long-horizon institutional investors can help mitigate information asymmetries around securities class action (SCA) lawsuits. We find that the machine readability of SCA complaint filings can predict the outcome and duration of class actions. Long-term institutional investor ownership leads to a more positive post-SCA announcement price reaction and increases the volatility ratio of prices as a measure of price informativeness. Furthermore, there is a significant interaction effect between long-term institutional ownership and SCA complexity on price informativeness consistent with a superior information processing ability about complex corporate events affecting portfolio firms.
Tissue engineering: Cartilage, bone and muscle

As a very rapidly developing field of research, tissue engineering has been defined differently by many authors but one common aspect of its application is the study of the utilization of living cells to restore or create a lost or absent tissue structure or function (Fig. 1) [1,2,3].
Non-State Conflict Management and Civil War Duration: Do NGO Interventions Contribute to Shorter Civil Wars?

Outsiders often try to influence outcomes of internal conflicts. A growing body of literature explores the effects of third-party intervention, focusing primarily, though not exclusively, on states’ military and, more recently, diplomatic interventions. Non-state actors have become central players both in the conduct of war – e.g. rebel groups, terrorist networks or mercenaries – and in efforts of conflict resolution. Regional organization, churches and professional conflict management organizations are examples of groups that try to end wars. Such conflict management initiatives conducted by non-state actors are proliferating – but how relevant are they in an international system still dominated by states? Can actors without the means of state power affect the behavior of conflict parties and help end conflicts? Considering the growing number of NGOs and individuals getting involved in conflict resolution, it is worthwhile to analyze their effectiveness. I focus my research on track-two diplomacy in ongoing internal conflicts, where track two is defined as any conflict management initiative that is led by an individual or organization not directly tied to a government or an intergovernmental organization and targets the leadership level of parties in a conflict. The focus on internal conflicts is practical: Non-state actors find more political space to insert themselves into negotiations in civil wars than in interstate conflicts. Thus, if non-state conflict management has the effect it aims for – contributing to conflict resolution – then this effect should be most pronounced in intrastate wars. Using a new data set of track two diplomacy, I develop a duration model of African civil conflicts in the time period 1990-2010, hypothesizing that civil conflicts that experience non-state conflict management efforts will end earlier than those in which no non-state conflict management takes place, all else being equal. Early models find statistical significance for the main explanatory variable, but not in the expected direction. More work is needed to understand the relationship between non-state conflict management and conflict dynamics. This paper and the larger project it is part of contribute to the literature on civil war, mediation and conflict resolution and non-state actors in international relations. Findings will be interesting for states and non-state actors engaged in mediation and conflict management.
Bookending the Enlightenment: Scandinavia’s first novel and the Anthropocene condemnation of its TV adaptation:

Niels Klim’s Underground Travels (1741) was the European breakthrough for the Norwegian Enlightenment polymath Ludvig Holberg. The emerging novel format inspired Holberg to trust his readers to use...
In Pursuit of Diversity in the CUNY Library Profession: An Effective Approach to Leadership in Academic Libraries

Maximizing the current organizational culture and diversity/inclusion practices within CUNY libraries is crucial to retaining highly talented support staff with significant potential for future lea...
Conclusions and Future Works

The objectives of this project have been successfully accomplished and various high-performance magnetless doubly salient brushless machines have been analyzed and developed.
Highly efficient transverse thermoelectric devices with Re4Si7 crystals

The principal challenges in current thermoelectric power generation modules are the availability of stable, diffusion-resistant, lossless electrical and thermal metal–semiconductor contacts that do not degrade at the hot end nor cause reductions in device efficiency. Transverse thermoelectric devices, in which a thermal gradient in a single material induces a perpendicular voltage, promise to overcome these problems. However, the measured material transverse thermoelectric efficiencies, zxyT, of nearly all materials to date has been far too low to confirm these advantages in an actual device. Here, we show that single crystals of Re4Si7, an air-stable, thermally robust, layered compound, have a transverse zxyT of 0.7 ± 0.15 at 980 K, a value that is on par with existing commercial longitudinal theremoelectrics today. Through constructing and characterizing a transverse power generation module, we prove that extrinsic losses through contact resistances are minimized in this geometry, and that no electrical contacts are needed at the hot side. This excellent transverse thermoelectric performance arises from the large, oppositely signed in-plane p-type and cross-plane n-type thermopowers. These large anisotropic thermopowers arise from thermal population of the highly anisotropic valence band and isotropic conduction band in this narrow gap semiconductor. Overall, this work establishes Re4Si7 as the “gold-standard” of transverse thermoelectrics, allowing future exploration of unique device architectures for waste heat recovery.
fsQCA: Dialog between Jerry M. Mendel and Charles C. Ragin

This report reprints extensive e-mail dialogs between the author and Prof. Charles Ragin about fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), organizing them by category and sub-category, so that others may also benefit from Prof. Ragin’s insights and wisdom about fsQCA. Doing this should make fsQCA more accessible than it presently is, especially to people who want to understand the inner inner-workings of fsQCA. The 2nd Edition of this report is due to a continuation of the e-mail dialogs between March 2011 and the end of December 2011. Revised or new items are printed in red.
Epigenetic processes during preeclampsia and effects on fetal development and chronic health

Preeclampsia (PE), the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, is associated with poor fetal growth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight (LBW). Offspring of women who had PE are at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease later in life. However, the exact etiology of PE is unknown. Moreover, there are no effective interventions to treat PE or alleviate IUGR and the developmental origins of chronic disease in the offspring. The placenta is critical to fetal growth and development. Epigenetic regulatory processes such as histone modifications, microRNAs and DNA methylation play an important role in placental development including contributions to the regulation of trophoblast invasion and remodeling of the spiral arteries. Epigenetic processes that lead to changes in placental gene expression in PE mediate downstream effects that contribute to the development of placenta dysfunction, a critical mediator in the onset of PE, impaired fetal growth and IUGR. Therefore, this review will focus on epigenetic processes that contribute to the pathogenesis of PE and IUGR. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to normal placental development and the initiating events in PE may lead to novel therapeutic targets in PE that improve fetal growth and mitigate increased CV risk in the offspring.
How the US Selected for a Black Bourgeoisie

While legal scholarship concerning the history of race and voluntary immigration to the United States has focused largely on minority groups originating in Latin America and Asia, this Essay reminds us that this history also implicates black migration. Early free black migrants were overwhelm ingly British subjects, originating from the Caribbean islands known as the West Indies. Among immigrants of color, West Indian migrants were an unusual group. Unlike many others whose inability to naturalize rendered them easily deportable, West Indians entered the United States with a real possibility of naturalization. Ironically, it may be precisely because they could easily naturalize that admission decision-making for West Indians was stringent. Although the case law offers little insight into the impediments that these black immigrants faced, the history recounted here reveals a rich pattern of discrimination, albeit in non-judicial arenas. Yet, the paradox is that in an era of deep racial nativism, there was a parallel history of West Indians enjoying peculiar advantages. These advantages were the result of particular institu tional arrangements in which the United States granted immigration waivers predicated on British assurances that they would screen for those of their black West Indian subjects who were best suited for short-term migration. Ironically, by seeking to minimize black long-term migration-in a peculiar instance of what might be termed "inadvertent institutional design"-the United States may have created a screening technology for certain migrant "types," particularly those who were well placed to negotiate complex immigration processes. Many of the migrants turned out to have the makings of an elite class. Moreover, many of their descendants have been similarly successful, inspir ing debates about whether affirmative action programs are disproportionately benefiting West Indian-Americans. These insights lead to an interrogation of whether elite black West Indians were inadvertently "selected for" in immi gration screening processes and provide a potential reminder of the long-term implications of institutional design questions-namely how we screen for immigrants in the first place. This Essay also addresses an apparent duality in the role that West Indian immigrants occupied. In addition to being overwhelmingly black, they were British subjects who clearly understood the advantages of this status. Unlike other immigrants, who were required to "perform whiteness" to naturalize, West Indians may not have "become white" but they "performed Britishness" well and reaped the associated benefits.
The Effects of Proximity on the Classroom Behaviors of Students with Autism in General Education Settings

In this study the authors examined the descriptive effects of adult proximity on the behaviors of six elementary-aged students with autism spectrum disorders served in general education settings. A...
A PLANNING METHODOLOGY FOR INTELLIGENT URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Abstract Recent developments in intelligent transportation systems pose new challenges and opportunities for urban transportation planning. To meet these challenges and to exploit these opportunities, a framework for a new transportation planning methodology has been developed. The methodology operates in a computer environment, called PLANiTS (Planning and Analysis Integration for Intelligent Transportation Systems), designed to facilitate the entire planning process form problem identification, through idea generation and analysis, on to prioritization and programming. To assist in problem identification, PLANiTS provides graphic representation of current conditions, including traffic, air pollution, accidents, and projections of future conditions. A computerized knowledge base, containing information about possible strategies and their effects, and a model base, containing transportation and other analysis models, are used to guide the user in identifying potentially effective strategies and performing the appropriate analysis. To facilitate the use of these tools, PLANiTS provides computer support of group processes such as brainstorming, deliberation, and consensus seeking. PLANiTS is designed for use in urban transportation planning at the local, regional, and state levels; it is intended to support a variety of participants in the planning process including transportation professionals, decision makers in transportation agencies (often local elected officials), citizens, and interest groups. Recognizing that transportation planning is essentially a deliberative, political process, PLANiTS is designed to inform and facilitate, but not replace, the political decision-making process.
Morphogen diffusion: the case of the Wingless protein

Understanding how morphogens promote three-dimensional patterning is an important issue in developmental biology. Recently, new insights have been gained into the mechanisms by which the Drosophila morphogen Wingless/Wnt is distributed in tissues.
tRNA acceptor stem and anticodon bases form independent codes related to protein folding

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases recognize tRNA anticodon and 3′ acceptor stem bases. Synthetase Urzymes acylate cognate tRNAs even without anticodon-binding domains, in keeping with the possibility that acceptor stem recognition preceded anticodon recognition. Representing tRNA identity elements with two bits per base, we show that the anticodon encodes the hydrophobicity of each amino acid side-chain as represented by its water-to-cyclohexane distribution coefficient, and this relationship holds true over the entire temperature range of liquid water. The acceptor stem codes preferentially for the surface area or size of each side-chain, as represented by its vapor-to-cyclohexane distribution coefficient. These orthogonal experimental properties are both necessary to account satisfactorily for the exposed surface area of amino acids in folded proteins. Moreover, the acceptor stem codes correctly for β-branched and carboxylic acid side-chains, whereas the anticodon codes for a wider range of such properties, but not for size or β-branching. These and other results suggest that genetic coding of 3D protein structures evolved in distinct stages, based initially on the size of the amino acid and later on its compatibility with globular folding in water.
Developmental genetics of a lethal mutation, muscular dysgenesis (mdg), in the mouse: I. Genetic analysis and gross morphology☆☆☆

Abstract A new lethal mutation in the mouse designated muscular dysgenesis ( mdg ) was found to be transmitted as a single autosomal recessive gene. The most striking effect in newborn mice homozygous for the mdg mutation is a severe, general deficiency of skeletal musculature; cardiac and smooth muscles appear normal. The deficiency appears to be the result of a genetically determined abnormality of muscle cell differentiation. Various other abnormalities of the mdg syndrome are described which appear to be the result of skeletal muscle deficiency. The potential value of this mutation for studies of muscle cell differentiation and for the investigation of the interaction between skeletal musculature and other systems during development is discussed.
An Acidophilic and a Neutrophilic Nitrobacter Strain Isolated from the Numerically Predominant Nitrite-Oxidizing Population of an Acid Forest Soil

Two physiologically and serologically distinct strains of chemoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were isolated as numerically predominant members of the nitrite-oxidizer population of an undisturbed forest soil with a pH range of 4.3 to 5.2. One isolate responded as a neutrophile, characteristic of the family Nitrobacteraceae, and cross-reacted strongly with fluorescent antibody to Nitrobacter strain Engel. The second isolate responded as an acidophile in pure culture, demonstrated maximal nitrite oxidation activity at pH 5.5, and had a pH tolerance range of pH 4.1 to 7.2. Nitrite oxidase in whole cells of the acidophile sustained activity to at least pH 3.5. Cell morphology of both strains typified the genus Nitrobacter in all respects when cultured at pH 7. However, under more acidic conditions the acidophile tended to elongate and at times appeared to branch. These data provide the first evidence for the existence of an acidophilic chemoautotrophic nitrifying bacterium. Isolation of the neutrophilic Nitrobacter strain reported here complements the earlier isolation of a neutrophilic Nitrosospira strain to provide further evidence of a prominent acid-intolerant population of chemoautotrophic nitrifiers in this acid forest soil.