cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One Way to Bridge the Two Cultures: Advancing Qualitative Gerontology Through Professional Autobiographies

North American gerontology has largely been shaped by the theories and methods of bio-medical researchers and social scientists. Among other things, this has meant that “qualitative” approaches in research on aging have been of secondary importance. Scholars do not always mean the same thing by the term. This essay cannot resolve all of the paradigmatic issues that separate “hard” and “soft” science, but it does propose that researchers take a more self-critical, even autobiographical, orientation to making sense of their own aging careers.
Electrical response of polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor on steel foil under mechanical strain

This work investigates the effects of mechanical strain on electrical characteristics of polycrystalline thin film transistors (poly-Si TFTs). Poly-Si TFTs were fabricated on steel foil substrate and characterized under the strain ranging from -1.2% to 1.1% induced by bending. The electron mobility increased under tensile and decreased under compressive strain while that of the hole exhibited an opposite trend. For p-channel TFTs the normalized threshold voltage and subthreshold slope were a function of strain. In both n- and p-channel TFTs the off current decreased under tensile while it increased under compressive strain. The observed mobility and off current trends in poly-Si TFTs under strain are similar to those reported in single crystalline silicon devices.
Film Fracture Phenomena During Indentation

Discontinuities during both load and depth controlled continuous indentation tests have been ascribed to dislocation nucleation or multiplication and film fracture. In materials which exhibit permanent deformation prior to a discontinuity in loading, it is more likely that the phenomena is indeed controlled by film fracture, and not the rapid generation of dislocations. The current study has been undertaken to examine the properties of passivating films on engineering alloys. An electrochemical cell coupled with a scanning probe microscope and nanoindentation system allows growth and mechanical testing of passive films on an austenitic stainless steel as well as a titanium alloy. A complementary set of ex situ experiments shows the presence of deformation prior to film fracture with both load – depth sensing techniques as well as imaging the surface topography. The occurrence of excursions is shown in these materials to be linked directly with film fracture, rather than dislocation multiplication.
Variation of stress with charging rate due to strain-rate sensitivity of silicon electrodes of Li-ion batteries

highlights g rap hical a bstract � Increasing the charging rate results in an increase in stresses measured in a- LixSi. � Observations indicate that rate- sensitive plasticity occurs in a-LixSi. � A model of concurrent lithiation and rate-sensitive plasticity is developed. � Rate-sensitive material parameters are quantified for a-LixSi. � Results have important ramifications for rate-capabilities of silicon electrodes. abstract Silicon is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its enormous theoretical energy density. Fracture during electrochemical cycling has limited the practical viability of silicon electrodes, but recent studies indicate that fracture can be prevented by taking advantage of lithiation-induced plasticity. In this paper, we provide experimental insight into the nature of plasticity in amorphous LixSi thin films. To do so, we vary the rate of lithiation of amorphous silicon thin films and simultaneously measure stresses. An increase in the rate of lithiation results in a corresponding increase in the flow stress. These observations indicate that rate-sensitive plasticity occurs in a-LixSi electrodes at room temperature and at charging rates typically used in lithium-ion batteries. Using a simple mechanical model, we extract material parameters from our experiments, finding a good fit to a power law rela- tionship between the plastic strain rate and the stress. These observations provide insight into the un- usual ability of a-LixSi to flow plastically, but fracture in a brittle manner. Moreover, the results have direct ramifications concerning the rate-capabilities of silicon electrodes: faster charging rates (i.e., strain rates) result in larger stresses and hence larger driving forces for fracture.
Broad-stripe near-diffraction-limited mid-infrared laser with a second-order photonic-crystal distributed feedback grating

Electron-beam lithography was used to pattern a second-order photonic-crystal distributed feedback grating onto an antimonide type-II "W" laser emitting at /spl lambda//spl ap/3.7 /spl mu/m. For pulsed optical pumping, the output beam was essentially diffraction-limited up to a stripe width of 150 /spl mu/m, and remained no worse than eight times the diffraction limit for stripes as wide as 600 /spl mu/m. This represents a considerable improvement over all previous mid-infrared semiconductor lasers with such broad stripes.
Comparison of insulin diluent leakage postinjection using two different needle lengths and injection volumes in obese patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background:Smaller gauge, shorter needles have been shown to be as safe and effective for insulin delivery as longer needles in many patients. However, in obese patients with diabetes, results have...
Fault Detection of an Electro-Hydraulic Cylinder Using Adaptive Robust Observers

This paper presents the application of an Adaptive Robust Observer (ARO) to the detection of some common faults that occur in hydraulic cylinder drive units such as the lack of sufcient supply pressure, reduced hydraulic compliance and excessive leakage of the hydraulic uid. All of these faults could contribute to the reduced performance of the system and eventual complete failure. The inherent nonlinear system dynamics, severe parametric uncertainties and model uncertainties make fault detection in hydraulic systems difcult to implement in practice. To tackle these problems, the Adaptive Robust Observer presented in this paper is designed using the nonlinear system dynamics and robust lter structures which attenuate the effect of model uncertainties to give robust estimates of the states. By using online parameter adaptation the accuracy of the state-estimate is improved. Also, by estimating the parameters only when certain persistence of excitation conditions are satised, bounds on parameter estimation errors can be computed which would help in setting better threshold limits on the residual signals which improves the robustness of the fault detection scheme. Simulation and experimental results on the swing-arm of a three-degree of freedom hydraulic robot arm are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault detection scheme.
Substrate Surface Dependence of the Microstructure of μc-Si,Ge:H Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering (RMS)

We have investigated on the effect of different substrate surfaces in changing the microstructure of µc-SixGe1-x:H films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. Films were deposited on hydrogen terminated Si(111), Si(100) surfaces, and surfaces chemical and plasma oxides. The thin film microstructure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman scattering.
Species Differences in Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics: Are We Close to an Understanding?

(1991). Species Differences in Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics: Are We Close to an Understanding? Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 23, No. 3-4, pp. 355-373.
Function of Siglec‐8 on human eosinophils

Summary Eosinophil recruitment and activation are regarded as central to the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including asthma. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in these responses is therefore of great relevance to asthma pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutics. As part of ongoing efforts to discover novel eosinophil-specific molecules, we recently cloned Siglec-8 (formerly called sialoadhesin family member-2) from a human eosinophil cDNA library. Siglecs (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins) are a family of transmembrane, I-type lectins characterized by an N-terminal V-set Ig domain that binds sialic acid. We now know that Siglec-8 is expressed only on human eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, giving it a unique expression pattern on effector cells of allergic disease. We have determined that in eosinophils, Siglec-8 exists in two isoforms, one of which contains two putative cytoplasmic tyrosine-based signalling motifs, including an ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) sequence. Because of the ITIM sequence, we hypothesized that Siglec-8 ligation would inhibit eosinophil functions. Initial studies found that incubation of eosinophils with Siglec-8 binding monoclonal antibodies under cross-linking conditions caused rapid and profound caspase-dependent apoptosis, and this response could not be rescued by the survival-promoting cytokine interleukin (IL)-5. In fact, IL-5 enhanced the ability of Siglec-8 cross-linking to induce eosinophil apoptosis. Activation via Siglec-8 could potentially be used to inhibit eosinophil survival in vivo, providing a novel strategy for reducing or inhibiting these cells in allergic and other diseases.
Human ovarian tumour-derived chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) elicits T cell responses in vitro.

Summary Tumour-derived chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL), which is made up of numerousheatshockproteins,hasbeenusedsuccessfullytogeneratetumour- specific T cell responses and protective immunity against a wide range of murine tumours. In this study, we have investigated the potency of human ovarian cancer-derived CRCL to activate dendritic cells (DC) and to generate tumour-specific T cells in vitro. CRCL was generated from primary ovarian cancersandSKOV3-A2,aHER2/neu,Wilm'stumourgene1(WT1)andhuman leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive human ovarian tumour cell line.Periph- eralbloodmononuclearcellsfrombothHLA-A2 + healthydonorsandHLA-A2 + ovarian cancer patients were stimulated weekly with autologous DC loaded with ovarian tumour-derived CRCL. After four to six stimulations in vitro, specific cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity were measured. CRCL promoted interleukin (IL)-12 secretion and enhanced the immunostimulatory capacity of DC.Tcellsfromhealthycontrolsandfromovariancancerpatientssecreted higher amounts of interferon-g following in vitro restimulation with ovarian cancer-derived CRCL than with HER2/neu or WT1 peptide-pulsed DC. We were also able to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against cancer- specificantigenssuchasHER2/neuandWT1fromallhealthydonors,butfrom onlyoneof thefourovariancancerpatientswithbulkydisease.Theseprelimi- nary results substantiate further the concept that CRCL may prove to be a potent adjuvant for women suffering from ovarian cancer and that this per- sonalized vaccine may be a promising approach for active immunotherapy.
Informed Consent, Cultural Sensitivity, and Respect for Persons

The doctrine of informed consent to medical treatment or research is grounded in the ethical principle of respect for persons that regards individuals as autonomous agents "capable of deliberation about personal goals and of acting under the direction of such deliberation."1International ethical codes and human rights law appear to accept informed consent as a universal expression of respect for persons. The Nuremberg Code, Helsinki IV, and the Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences' ethical guidelines focus on the need for full disclosure to enable individuals to make free and informed decisions. Informed consent is also thought to be incorporated into the right to security of the person recognized in the International Bill of Human Rights. The right to autonomy or self-determination, then, is broadly perceived to be a morally necessary method of demonstrating genuine respect for human integrity. See also pp 820 and 826. But is the
Radiology in Cuba: A Different Path with Fewer Resources and More Compulsion

American radiologists have good reason to be self-congratulatory about the current state and bright prospects of their specialty. Imaging is now, more than ever, in the ascendancy as an essential component of diagnosis and therapy for a lengthening array of pathologic conditions. Every month new developments are highlighted by feature articles emphasizing the vitality of our specialty and the expanding range of techniques and machines under, our purview. The boast that American Radiology is the best in the world is not without some foundation.
“Animal disease challenges” fifteen years later: The hypothesis in light of new data

Abstract Zooarchaeological evidence reflects cattle's central role among pastoral livestock for millennia in the once-green Sahara. However, zooarchaeological evidence attest to two chronologically separated, but similar delays in the entry of cattle into eastern and southern sub- Saharan Africa, where domestic caprines precede cattle as the earliest domestic livestock for several hundred years. In an earlier paper, I proposed that this delay in the introduction of cattle was due to the disease challenges presented to domestic bovines by the novel and grave epizootiological threats by indigenous wild animals of sub-Saharan savannas, the preferred habitats of cattle. Herds of African buffalo and wildebeest, the latter absent from the Sahara-Sahel, are reservoirs of East Coast Fever (ECF) and wildebeest-derived malignant catarrhal fever (WD-MCF), respectively. Both pose serious veterinary challenges to bovine husbandry today and could have stalled the spread of pastoralism until their etiologies were understood and control measures developed by herders. The disease-challenge hypothesis could be falsified by discovering considerable cattle remains south of Lake Turkana between 4000 and 3000 BP. This paper reviews the hypothesis in light of the last 15 years' zooarchaeological research on early pastoralism in eastern Africa.
Usage of Convertible and Warrant Bonds by Japanese Firms: Risk Shifting or Delayed Equity?

This paper examines the risk-shifting and delayed equity explanations for Japanese firms using convertible securities in their financing mix. The popularity of equity-linked debt instruments in Japan where institutional arrangements mitigate the incentives to transfer wealth from bondholders to stock holders seems inconsistent with the risk-shifting explanation. Also the probability of choosing convertible securities over common equity is not positively related to the potential to transfer wealth from the bondholders to the stockholders. Similar results are obtained when we examine convertible debt ratios. However, we find evidence consistent with Stein's (1992) argument that firms use convertibles to delay equity when they have favorable information about the firm. The price increases preceding and following convertible issues and convertible usage are positively related to offering size and growth opportunities as predicted by Stein (1992). Overall, our findings support the delayed-equity explanation for Japanese firms issuing convertibles, but provide little support for the risk- shifting hypothesis.
WAC Regulates mTOR Activity by Acting as an Adaptor for the TTT and Pontin/Reptin Complexes

The ability to sense energy status is crucial in the regulation of metabolism via the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1). The assembly of the TTT-Pontin/Reptin complex is responsive to changes in energy status. Under energy-sufficient conditions, the TTT-Pontin/Reptin complex promotes mTORC1 dimerization and mTORC1-Rag interaction, which are critical for mTORC1 activation. We show that WAC is a regulator of energy-mediated mTORC1 activity. In a Drosophila screen designed to isolate mutations that cause neuronal dysfunction, we identified wacky, the homolog of WAC. Loss of Wacky leads to neurodegeneration, defective mTOR activity, and increased autophagy. Wacky and WAC have conserved physical interactions with mTOR and its regulators, including Pontin and Reptin, which bind to the TTT complex to regulate energy-dependent activation of mTORC1. WAC promotes the interaction between TTT and Pontin/Reptin in an energy-dependent manner, thereby promoting mTORC1 activity by facilitating mTORC1 dimerization and mTORC1-Rag interaction.
K-TEA MATHEMATICS SCORES OF LEARNING DISABLED STUDENTS IN RESOURCE AND INCLUSIVE SETTINGS

The relative effectiveness of mathematics instruction in resource rooms versus inclusive settings was examined with 30 boys in Grades 5 and 6 identified as learning disabled in mathematics. The boys were presented at the beginning of the school year and posttested at the end. Treatment was 45 min. of daily instruction in mathematics provided by six teachers for one school year. K-TEA Mathematics Computation and Application scores, separately compared in 2 x 2 repeated measures analyses of variance, were not significantly different; however, a significant gain was noted across settings for K-TEA Mathematics Application scores.
Disturbing asthma statistics reflect suboptimal management.

Beta agonists are used too often and inhaled steroids too little. Leukotrine receptor antagonists will be an important new asthma therapy, but allergy shots remain controversial.
Localization of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Incorporating Flow Models and Acoustic Detection

The localization of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) during subsurface travel is a challenging issue in that ocean flows are unknown and complex. This paper studies the localization problem of AUVs under ocean flows with spatial and temporal variability. To predict trajectories of AUVs, we develop an odometry model that employs the framework of controlled Lagrangian particle tracking. Odometry error, which is distinct from the classic odometry error of ground mobile robots, is affected by controllers of AUVs. We design a waypoint controller and then analytically derive the deterministic and stochastic error growth of odometry. This derivation ultimately allows us to develop discrete state and measurement equations for a particle filter algorithm that combines infrequent acoustic measurements and the odometry model. On-off acoustic measurements are provided by one receiver equipped in each AUV. Generating a graph from knowledge about non-disjoint regions composed of transmitters and detection ranges, we develop the particle filter algorithm with a special type of likelihood. This likelihood determines the weights of particles on the graph where real and predicted measurements are compared. The algorithms are verified by simulation results.
Single-Molecule Piezoelectric Deformation: Rational Design from First-Principles Calculations

Conventional piezoelectric materials change shape in response to an applied external electric field, frequently deforming at grain boundaries in addition to intrinsic unit cell changes. We detail a computational investigation, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations of single-molecule piezoelectrics. Rather than deforming along covalent bond lengths or angles, these molecular springs, derivatives of [6]helicene and phenanthrene, change conformation in response to the applied field, up to 15% of the molecular length. A substituted [6]helicene has a predicted piezoelectric coefficient of 48.8 pm/V, and one of the phenanthrenes yields a piezoelectric coefficient of up to 54.3 pm/V, which is significantly higher than polymers such as polyvinylidine difluoride (PVDF) and comparable to conventional inorganic materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO). We discuss structural properties that are found to yield large piezoresponse and hypothetical target molecules with up to 64% length change and a predicted pie...
EARTH VIEW - THIRD MILLENNIUM: A STUDENT DESIGNED 1 FT. RESOLUTION, INTERFEROMETRIC IMAGING SPACECRAFT

During the past academic year the University of Michigan (Aerospace Engineering) and the University of California at Santa Cruz (School of Engineering) collaborated in the conceptual design of a low-cost spacecraft capable of imaging the Earth in visible light at 1 ft. resolution. The spacecraft is called Earth View ‐ Third Millennium (EV-3M). The aerospace aspects were handled by the University of Michigan Team, while the communication, spacecraft computer and aspects of the imaging system were investigated by the UC Santa Cruz Team. The imaging system uses three ≈ 0.4 m apertures operating in an irregularly spaced, interferometric array on a 2-meter long truss. Measurements of the mutual intensity function J (made using combinations of the three apertures as the spacecraft rotates) are used to subpixelate the 1-meter resolution cells resolved by the 80-cm apertures. The communication system design focussed on the trade-off between dedicated ground stations and the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). TDRSS was found to be far more cost-effective. However, it appeared advisable to retain a single dedicated ground station for redundancy. The spacecraft computer system was straightforward in terms of spacecraft control, featuring a Honeywell Radiation Hardened Power PC microprocessor. Special purposed processors were needed for the sensor data processing.
Go Public!: Using Publicly Available Data to Understand the Foreclosure Crisis

Problem: While mortgage foreclosures are devastating communities across the United States, few planners know how to access the data necessary to document the number of foreclosures, where they are located, how the problem has changed over time, or how many households are affected, in order to assess how foreclosures affect borrowers, renters, and communities. There is no national dataset with foreclosure information, and in many communities, this information is buried in county property records, state legal files, and property auction lists. Purpose: This article explains foreclosure as a process and describes how to use publicly available data to study foreclosure and inform outreach efforts. It shows how a collaborative effort among researchers and practitioners can produce useful data and analysis to reduce incidences of foreclosure. It concludes with suggestions for improving data access and quality. Methods: The main foreclosure data used in the illustrative examples in this article were gathered fro...
Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

Abstract Background. Measurement of adrenocorticotropin levels in plasma from the inferior petrosal sinuses of patients with Cushing's syndrome can distinguish adrenocorticotropin-secreting pituitary tumors (Cushing's disease) from other causes of the syndrome, principally ectopic adrenocorticotropin secretion from an occult tumor. However, it is unknown whether such measurement consistently identifies patients with Cushing's disease and whether testing with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) enhances the value of the procedure. Methods. We prospectively studied 281 patients with Cushing's syndrome to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the procedure. Bilateral sampling was successfully accomplished in 278 patients, with no major morbidity; 262 of these patients underwent sampling before and after administration of ovine CRH. The adrenocorticotropin levels in the samples were used to calculate the ratio of the concentration in plasma from the inferior petrosal sinuses to the concentration in peripheral...
Recent Situation and Prospect of Welding Technology of Anti-rust Aluminum Alloy

Aluminum alloy material has advantages,such as good thermal conductivity,light weight,corrosion resistance and easy-formed and low temperature performance.Therefore,it has been widely applied in the automobile,shipbuilding,petrochemical,aerospace,and other industries.It is an urgent requirement,in the actual production,to improve its quality of welding and welding productivity.The main problems in anti-rust alloy welding were analyzed,some commonly used anti-rust aluminum alloy welding methods,the latest developments and their characteristics were introduced,and the anti-rust aluminum alloy welding trend of development was pointed out.
Analysis on Cooperation between Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis Control in Furong District of Changsha City in 2005-2008

[Objective]To know the situation,degree and problem of cooperation between clinic and tuberculosis-prevention institutions in implementation of tuberculosis control,so as to explore and improve a new way of thinking suitable for the sustainable development.[Methods]Analysis was made on data of reports,referrals,availabilities and management of tuberculosis-cases in Furong district of Changsha city in 2005-2008.[Results]A total of 1 295 primarily-diagnosed patients were registered at the anti-TB institution of Furong district of Changsha city in 2005-2008,among them,the out-patients accounted for 51.51%,referral and follow-up cases accounted for 45.17%.In all 2 516 cases reported by non-Tuberculosis prevention institution,the designated hospitals accounted for 49.44%,the clinical institutions accounted for 50.56%;the referral rate of cases in designated hospitals was 9.13%,the available rate of referral patients was 91.07%;the management rate of cases was 29.18%;the referral rate of cases in clinical institutions was 46.37%,and its available rate of referral patients was 40.50%;The rate of cases-track in anti-tuberculosis institution was 94.40%,its available rate of tracked patients was 19.90%;the general available rate of all patients was 29.42%.the total of recommended tuberculosis-suspects were 102,and its available rate was 38.24%.[Conclusion]Problems exist in the clinic-prevention cooperation of tuberculosis control in Furong district,and the effect of implementation is not good.
The End of an Era: California's First Attempt to Manage Its Groundwater Resources Through Its Sustainable Groundwater Management Act and Its Impact on Almond Farmers

ABSTRACTCalifornia is currently in its fourth year of one of the state's most lengthy droughts. This drought has had an enormous impact on the state's residents, particularly its almond farmers. To meet the rising demand in almonds during these difficult drought years, many farmers have decided to tap into the state's previously unregulated groundwater reserves. In an attempt to preserve the state's groundwater resources for future generations, California recently enacted three groundwater management bills into law, which collectively constitute the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. This article discusses and analyzes the adequacy of the act and how it will impact the state's almond farmers.
Developmental Changes in the Semantic Organization of Living Kinds.

Semantic knowledge contains information about both individual concepts and relationships between concepts. Relationships come in many forms, including taxonomic and thematic, and are critical for converting collections of attributes known about each entity into an interconnected web of semantic knowledge. According to computational modeling studies, increasing knowledge about entities and their relationships should support increasing elaboration in the organizational structure of semantic knowledge. In contrast, extant empirical research has presented a static picture of the developmental trajectory of semantic organization, in which concepts remain organized according to thematic relations into adulthood. The current developmental study introduces methodological innovations designed to overcome limitations that may have skewed the developmental trajectory described in prior studies. The picture that has emerged from this study reflects dramatic changes in semantic organization from preschool age to adulthood, in which an initially limited grasp of multiple types of relations expands and becomes increasingly robust with age.
Popular beliefs about the peptic ulcer diet.

Good medical practice today advocates the use of a liberal diet for patients with peptic ulcer. What are the common beliefs of patients, and the general public concerning this diet? Are they, indeed, traditional, with over-restriction the result for such patients?
The usefulness of an online platform for capturing literacy field experiences: Four lessons learned

Abstract This study explores the usefulness of an online platform for capturing field experiences of inservice teachers enrolled in a graduate level literacy course. Four lessons related to the online field experience are offered: (1) instructors cannot adequately assess teachers without visual examples; (2) teachers and instructors need detailed guidelines on how and when to provide effective feedback; (3) teachers naturally make connections between theory and practice; and (4) teachers and instructors may feel overwhelmed with the complexities associated with the course.
A survey of Japanese encephalitis antibody migrant workers in Shenzhen 2009

Objective To understand the immunological status of Japanese encephalitis (JE) antibodies amongst migrant workers and to provide epidemiological basis for public health strategies on JE prevention and control in Shenzhen. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used, and 1003 migrant workers aged 18 to 60 from 44 factories were investigated and their serum specimens were collected. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect JE antibodies qualitatively. Results The gross IgG seroprevalence rate for JE was 20. 2% (203/1003). Sex-specified seroprevalence was 21.2% (103/485) for male and 19. 3% (100/518) for female,respectively (χ2 = 579,P >0. 05). Age-specific seropositive rates were 22. 6% (12/53) for those below 20 years old, 18. 7% (120/642) for those between 20 -years old,26. 0% (58/223) for those between 30 -years old and 15. 3% (13/85)for those on or above 40 years old (χ2 =7.96,P>0.05). Proportions for self-reported positive immunization,non-immunization and unclear immunization history were 22. 1% (30/136) ,22. 1% (51/231)and 19. 2% (122/636), respectively (χ2 = 501, P > 0. 05). Seroprevalence by region of origins showed that workers from Guangdong province was the highest (30. 5%, 50/164), followed by workers from Guangxi (29.7%,22/74) whilst workers from Shan(3) xi (5.4% ,2/37) had the lowest rate. Seroprevalence rate for managers (29.0% ,31/107) was higher than that of technicians (7. 1% ,1/14) (χ2 =21.78,P<0.05).Serological positive rate of workers with university or above educational background was the highest (32. 7 %, 16/49), followed by that for individuals with college degree (10. 3 %, 10/97) (χ2 = 13.02, P <0. 05). Conclusion No associations are detected between JE seroprevalence and age, or sex, or self-reported immunization histories amongst migrant labor workers in Shenzhen. However, correlations between JE serological positive rate and region of origins,occupation and educational attainment are found to be significant. The gross seroprevalence of JE antibodies suggests that the level of JE antibodies amongst Shenzhen migrant workers is low and the population immunity barrier has yet to be established. It is necessary to strengthen prevention and control strategies of JE among labor workers of Shenzhen. Key words: Transients and migrants; Encephalitis,Japanese; Antibody formation; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Universal Current-Mode Control Schemes to Charge Li-Ion Batteries Under DC/PV Source

A pair of universal current mode control schemes for charging a Li-ion battery for mobile applications are discussed in this paper. The peak-current mode control schemes, based on a single control loop, is universal because it is designed with a single-stage buck charger for both a conventional wall adapter dc source as well as a solar photovoltaic (PV) module of comparable specifications. The charging schemes remove the need for an extra MPPT (maximum power point tracking) power converter stage. This control scheme is non-linear and incorporates all possible scenarios: mode of operation of a battery, current charging rate and power characteristic of input source. The algorithm uses need-based MPPT and ensures minimal battery discharge, and also uses minimum number of sense variables in the circuit. The methods differ in the way MPPT is implemented: perturb and observe (P&O) and fractional open circuit voltage. Simulation results demonstrating battery charge profile, validity of the algorithm under varying insolation conditions and platform workloads are presented, along with a discussion of the trade-offs of the two methods. Proof-of-concept hardware results are also provided.
Review and Evaluation of the RATCHET Model Used for the Hanford Dose Reconstruction Project

The Regional Atmospheric Transport Code for Hanford Emission Tracking (RATCHET) long-term, trajectory puff air dispersion computer model was developed by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory as part of the Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction (HEDR) project. The purpose of HEDR is to estimate monthly-averaged radiation doses that individuals could have received from operations at Hanford since 1945. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has responsibility to insure that all tools used in environmental radiation dose reconstruction performed under its direction be technically sound and defensible. In order to address concerns about the validity of atmospheric transport and deposition models, the CDC coordinated a through technical review of the RATCHET model by an expert panel of air-pollution scientists. It has been suggested that a statistical (i.e., a sector-averaged Gaussian plume) model might be better suited for calculating monthly-averaged air concentrations than the RATCHET trajectory-puff model. In order to check this suggestion, we implemented a version of the widely used AIRDOSE-EPA model, and compared this model with RATCHET for the month of January 1945. Hourly meteorological input data for AIRDOS for January 1945 were taken from the RATCHET input meteorological file. We used the winds from the 200 ft level of the Hanford tower because these correspond closely to the winds at the estimated plume height and at the source location. Figure 1 shows the contours of monthly-averaged concentration (Ci m-3) calculated by the RATCHET model, and Figure 2 shows the results from the AIRDOSE model. The highest concentration contours extend to the southeast for both models; however, beyond about 100 km from the source, RATCHET predicts that the isopleths turn to the northeast, but no similar swing is predicted by the AIRDOSE model. This comparison helps to highlight the critical nature of dose reconstruction over long averaging times. Over the complex terrain of eastern Washington, a single meteorological station cannot represent the effects of varying topography and changing meteorological conditions. It is concluded that sector-averaged models such as AIRDOSE are not suitable for dose reconstruction calculations over regions of complex terrain.
Analyzing Response Relationships in Childhood Aggression

The empirical study of aggression and violence in children occurs at many different levels of analysis, as is well illustrated by the other chapters of this volume. Each level is legitimate and equally necessary for providing a systematic conceptualization of the phenomenon. Although our understanding may be far from complete, the accumulation of surprisingly consistent findings that will be reported later in this book reveals the basic adequacy of a multilevel conceptualization for designing the broad requirements of therapeutic and preventative programs. At the same time, the clinician (who may be defined loosely as any formally designated agent of social change), even when oriented toward indirect community or family interventions, must ultimately deal with individual children revealing unique constellations of problems. Clinicians thus face the unenviable task of having to consider each of the many levels when assessing and treating individual cases of aggressive behavior. Effective clinical decision making in these circumstances represents a complex intellectual juggling act that is increasingly being recognized as a judgment task requiring unifying assumptions or an overall heuristic conceptual framework.
Our thoughts and prayers are with the victims: Explicating the public tragedy as a public relations challenge:

A tragedy is substantively different than an organizational crisis. Tragedies, whether man-made or natural disasters, have a considerably greater and singular impact than a traditional industry cri...
Sequence-Independent DNA Nanogel as a Potential Drug Carrier

DNA nanostructures largely rely on pairing DNA bases; thus, sequence designing is required. Here, this study demonstrates a sequence-independent strategy to fabricate DNA nanogel (NG) inspired by cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug that acts as a DNA crosslinker. A simple heating and cooling of the genomic DNA extracts and cisplatin produces DNA NG with a size controlled by the heating time. Furthermore, the drug-loaded NG is formulated by spontaneously mixing DNA segments, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. The in vitro cell studies demonstrate that the doxorubicin-loaded NG alters the drug distribution in cells while its cytotoxic potential is well-maintained. This chemotherapeutic-inspired method provides a facile one-pot and cost-effective strategy to fabricate size-controllable DNA NG that potentially acts as drug carrier.
Greater Advaita Vedānta: The Case of Niścaldās

Niścaldās (circa 1791–1863) was a Dādūpanthī monk and the author of the Vicārsāgar (The Ocean of Inquiry), a vernacular compendium of Advaita Vedānta. Though not widely known today, the work was quite popular in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: it was translated into over eight languages and was once referred to by Svāmī Vivekānanda as having “more influence in India than any [book] that has been written in any language within the last three centuries.” This article offers an introduction to the life and works of Niścaldās and highlights the preexistent popularity of Advaita Vedānta in early modern North India. It also explores reasons for the relative neglect of The Ocean of Inquiry by scholars, arguing that this neglect is symptomatic of a much wider neglect of sources that could shed valuable light on the history of Advaita Vedānta. The article suggests that the tradition’s rise to prominence cannot be fully understood without reference to what might be termed “Greater Advaita Vedānta,” or Advaita Vedānta as expressed not only in a received canon of Sanskrit philosophical works, but also in narratives and dramas, “syncretic” works blending Vedānta with other traditions, and vernacular works such as The Ocean of Inquiry.
Effects of venlafaxine versus lithium monotherapy on quality of life in bipolar II major depressive disorder: Findings from a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Bipolar disorder is associated with decreased quality of life, especially during depressive episodes. There are few studies that have examined whether quality of life improves following pharmacological treatments of bipolar depression. In this exploratory study, we examined the effects of antidepressant versus mood stabilizer monotherapy on quality of life ratings in bipolar II subjects during acute (12 week) treatment. Data were derived from a randomized double-blind comparison of venlafaxine (n = 65) versus lithium (n = 64) monotherapy. The Quality of Life Index (QLI) was administered at baseline (n = 126; 98%) and again at the end of treatment. We explored treatment differences in continuous changes on the QLI using last-observation carried forward. Additionally, we explored the likelihood of experiencing clinically-significant improvements as well as baseline correlates of QLI and changes in QLIe. Venlafaxine was superior to lithium in reducing symptoms of depression during acute treatment. However, there were no significant differences between treatments in QLI ratings. Changes in symptoms of depression were correlated to, but not redundant, with improvements in QLI ratings. These findings suggest that quality of life may be an important secondary outcome to target and measure as a part of comparative clinical trials of pharmacotherapy for bipolar II depression.
Comparing industry and academia priorities in bioenergy education: a Delphi study

Bioenergy is a rapidly growing subsector of the emerging bioeconomy, with the potential to create a substantial number of jobs. However, training programmes for these positions are limited, and the...
Systemic Humiliation and Practical Politics: Class Thematic Reasoning and the Rise of Donald Trump

For decades, we will wonder, why did it happen? How could the 2016 election have upended in so remarkable a fashion? What forces animated the populist surge and nurtured the disruptions that tore through all the checks and balances that the private party systems have put in place to prevent an unqualified outsider from seizing control? Why was the opposition in the Democratic Party so ineffective in mounting effective resistance? Finally, what does this mean for conflict behavior and conflict resolution efforts in the United States moving forward? Definitive answers to these questions will be hard to find, but one thing that is certain is that the conventional view of politics and political dynamics—the climate of common sense that animates the leadership cadre of the country—was out of step with the voting public. How the leadership class came to be so out of touch with the fire of indignation in the mass public, how ideas that seemed so secure were cast aside, and how a mode of thinking that seemed so natural to elites, especially those on the left, became a minority view that helped to create a unified Republican government is a story that social scientists and historians will puzzle over for decades. At the heart of these developments is the problem of society-wide conflict and the role that systemic humiliation—both of those in the cultural/representational majority and of those outside it—plays in conflict dynamics. The asymmetry of cultural power is critical for any explanation of how an appeal to identity works, and power needs to be recognized in its various and separable forms, but the very surprise of an event like this demands a new explanation, albeit one that builds on older ideas about how economic and cultural forces combine and interact in surprising and often unpredictable ways.
A 2.6GS/s Spectrometer System in 65nm CMOS for Spaceborne Telescopic Sensing

A fully integrated spectrometer system-on-a-chip (SoC) is demonstrated for the first time to support the back-end processing of spaceborne telescopic sensing. Like with all space-borne instruments, payload size, weight, and power are critically restricted by the launch vehicle capacity and available solar power. A custom integrated circuit (IC) approach naturally prevails over FPGA-based discrete solutions in these areas. Rather than concocting a system out of circuitries intended for different applications, as in [2], each component in this work is optimized along the operating principle of radio-frequency (RF) spectroscopy. Running at 2.6 GHz, the presented spectrometer features a three-bit flash ADC, an 8192-point polyphase filter bank (PFB), a 2048-point FFT processor, and a billion-count accumulator (ACC), all running off clocks derived from an integrated phase locked loop (PLL). The entire system consumes a peak power of 650 mW. It achieves the highest level of integration and best efficiency among current spectrometer solutions, and serves as the baseline component for upcoming NASA astrophysics spectroscopy missions.
Advantages of Longitudinal Research Designs in Studying Gang Behavior

Many prior studies of gangs are based on ethnographic methods in which an observer spends a substantial period of time on the street with one or more gangs, observing the relationships of the gang members and their behaviors. Other studies are comparative; researchers sample gang members and compare their behaviors and attitudes to those of non-members. While our understanding of gangs and gang members has been greatly enhanced by these studies, they often fail to address developmental issues. Observational and comparative studies open rather narrow windows into the life course of gang members, studying their behavior only during their period of active gang membership. These studies often contain little information on the lives of gang members before and after their active gang membership.1Failure to highlight developmental and life-course issues with respect to gang membership limits our understanding of both the antecedents and consequences of gang membership. Developmental issues such as these are best examined in the context of prospective, longitudinal studies. In these studies the individual gang member is the unit of analysis; in contrast, in many previous gang studies the gang itself is the unit of analysis.This chapter examines both the advantages and limitations of studying gang behavior within the context of longitudinal studies in which individuals, not groups, are followed over time.
Play, childhood, and playthings in Bor, South Sudan, 2009–2010

This essay contributes to the comparative ethnography of play by reporting on children's descriptions of play in Bor, South Sudan. By situating play within the socio-political and economic structur...
DeepCache: A Deep Learning Based Framework For Content Caching

In this paper, we present DEEPCACHE a novel Framework for content caching, which can significantly boost cache performance. Our Framework is based on powerful deep recurrent neural network models. It comprises of two main components: i) Object Characteristics Predictor, which builds upon deep LSTM Encoder-Decoder model to predict the future characteristics of an object (such as object popularity) -- to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose LSTM Encoder-Decoder model for content caching; ii) a caching policy component, which accounts for predicted information of objects to make smart caching decisions. In our thorough experiments, we show that applying DEEPCACHE Framework to existing cache policies, such as LRU and k-LRU, significantly boosts the number of cache hits.