cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Circadian Rhythms in Potassium Homeostasis

It has been known for decades that urinary potassium excretion varies with a circadian pattern. In this review, we consider the historical evidence for this phenomenon and present an overview of recent developments in the field. Extensive evidence from the latter part of the past century clearly shows that circadian potassium excretion does not depend on endogenous aldosterone. Of note is the recent discovery that the expression of several renal potassium transporters varies with a circadian pattern that appears to be consistent with substantial clinical data regarding daily fluctuations in urinary potassium levels. We propose the circadian clock mechanism as a key regulator of renal potassium transporters, and consequently renal potassium excretion. Further investigation into the regulation mechanism of renal potassium transport by the circadian clock is warranted to increase our understanding of the clinical relevance of circadian rhythms to potassium homeostasis.
REVENUE COSTS AND INCENTIVE EFFECTS OF THE MORTGAGE INTEREST DEDUCTION FOR OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING

We draw on household-level data from the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances to analyze how changes in the income tax deduction for mortgage interest would affect the distribution of income tax liabilities and the consumption of housing services. Our primary innovation is to focus on the responses of household portfolios and the homeowner loan-to-value ratio to such tax changes. We estimate that repealing the mortgage interest deduction in 2003 would have raised federal and state income tax revenues by $72.4 billion in the absence of any household portfolio adjustments, but by only $58.5 billion if homeowners drew down a limited set of financial assets to partially pay down their mortgage debt. Allowing for such portfolio adjustments not only reduces the estimate of how much tax revenue would be generated by repealing the mortgage interest deduction, but also attenuates the negative effect of such a tax change on owner-occupied housing demand. Our results underscore the importance of recognizing behavioral responses when estimating the revenue effects of changes in the income tax provisions relating to owner-occupied housing.
Relational antecedents of appraised problem-focused coping potential and its associated emotions

The present study examined a relational model of appraisal that specifies the situational and dispositional antecedents of appraised problem-focused coping potential, itself a hypothesised antecedent of the emotions of hope/challenge and resignation. The hypothesised relational antecedents of this appraisal were tested in a quasi-experiment in which individuals varying in self-perceived and objectively assessed math ability attempted to solve math problems on which difficulty was manipulated. Findings for the critical test problem largely conformed to predictions: Under difficult conditions, but not easy ones, increasing math ability was generally associated with elevated appraisals of problem-focused coping potential, increased hope/challenge, reduced resignation, and increased likelihood of solving the problem. However, problem-focused coping potential, hope/challenge, and the likelihood of solving the problem were all lower, and resignation was higher, for the highest ability participants, than would b...
Fluctuations in the Microwave Sky

This paper reviews the great progress recently made in searches for and the characterization of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. We now have secure detections on some angular scales and improved upper limits on others. As the sensitivity of such searches increases, understanding sources of foreground noise (e.g., Galactic and extragalactic radio emission) becomes more important. Also reviewed are the contributions aperture synthesis (interferometric) observations can make in characterizing cosmic background fluctuations and foreground sources of noise. Some recent results from the Very Large Array at \(\lambda\) = 3.6 cm are given; these set a limit \(\Delta\)T/T< 1.4 x 10-5 on fluctuations at \(\theta \sim {\text{80''}}\) - 80. Recent work on the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect is summarized.
Recoupling of heteronuclear dipolar interactions with rotational-echo double-resonance at high magic-angle spinning frequencies.

Abstract Heteronuclear dipolar recoupling with rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) is investigated in the rapid magic-angle spinning regime, where radiofrequency irradiation occupies a significant fraction of the rotor period (10–60%). We demonstrate, in two model 13C–15N spin systems, [1-13C, 15N] and [2-13C, 15N]glycine, that REDOR ΔS/S0 curves acquired at high MAS rates and relatively low recoupling fields are nearly identical to the ΔS/S0 curve expected for REDOR with ideal δ-function pulses. The only noticeable effect of the finite π pulse length on the recoupling is a minor scaling of the dipolar oscillation frequency. Experimental results are explained using both numerical calculations and average Hamiltonian theory, which is used to derive analytical expressions for evolution under REDOR recoupling sequences with different π pulse phasing schemes. For xy-4 and extensions thereof, finite pulses scale only the dipolar oscillation frequency by a well-defined factor. For other phasing schemes (e.g., xx-4 and xx-4) both the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation are expected to change.
Primary Care Physicians' Use of FDA-Approved Prescription Drug Labels

Background: In 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration reorganized the approved label format and content for prescription drugs —also known as the prescribing information (PI). This research examines primary care physicians9 use of the new PI and how it may influence their perceptions about prescription drugs. Methods: A total of 500 physicians responded to an Internet survey that displayed an interactive PI for a fictitious combination pain relief/heart attack–reducing drug. The physicians answered questions about perceived risk, perceived benefit, and intention to prescribe that focused on either the treatment indication or the prevention indication. Results: Physicians viewed PI sections in order, most often viewing sections relevant to safe use, such as Warnings and Precautions and Dosage and Administration. When asked to think about the drug9s efficacy, many viewed the Clinical Studies section. Viewing certain PI sections was associated with greater perceived risk and lower perceived benefits and intention to prescribe. Conclusions: These results suggest that the information in the PI could affect physician decision making and do not support further reorganization of the PI.
Chromatophore Behavior in the Isopod Ligia Occidentalis Dana, 1853

[Die Chromatophoren von L. occidentalis pasten sich schnell an dunklen und hellen Hintergrund an. Die Isopoden waren heller gefarbt auf hellem Untergrund und dunkler auf dunklem Untergrund. Bei Tieren, die Lichtintensitaten von 150 foot candles ausgesetzt waren, zeigte der Grad der Pigmentverschiebung in den Chromatophoren eine Beziehung zu der vom Untergrund reflektierten Lichtmenge. Der 24 Stunden Rhythmus (Dispersion des Pigmentes bei Tage, Konzentration bei Nacht) wurde sofort unterdruckt durch konstante Beleuchtung, durch totale Dunkelheit nach 12 Tagen. Die Ergebnisse der bisherigen Untersuchungen uber die hormonale Kontrolle der Pigment-aktivitat werden erortert und die Existenz von mindestens zwei kontrollierenden Hormonen postuliert. Die Veranderungen in den Chromatophoren stehen im Zusammenhang mit den Gewohnheiten und dem Verhalten der Art im Sinne einer positiven Schutzfarbung., Die Chromatophoren von L. occidentalis pasten sich schnell an dunklen und hellen Hintergrund an. Die Isopoden waren heller gefarbt auf hellem Untergrund und dunkler auf dunklem Untergrund. Bei Tieren, die Lichtintensitaten von 150 foot candles ausgesetzt waren, zeigte der Grad der Pigmentverschiebung in den Chromatophoren eine Beziehung zu der vom Untergrund reflektierten Lichtmenge. Der 24 Stunden Rhythmus (Dispersion des Pigmentes bei Tage, Konzentration bei Nacht) wurde sofort unterdruckt durch konstante Beleuchtung, durch totale Dunkelheit nach 12 Tagen. Die Ergebnisse der bisherigen Untersuchungen uber die hormonale Kontrolle der Pigment-aktivitat werden erortert und die Existenz von mindestens zwei kontrollierenden Hormonen postuliert. Die Veranderungen in den Chromatophoren stehen im Zusammenhang mit den Gewohnheiten und dem Verhalten der Art im Sinne einer positiven Schutzfarbung.]
Ultrastructure of Cocconeis diminuta pantocsek

The ultrastructural morphology of Cocconeis diminuta, a small benthic diatom, is described. It has been found to possess a typical naviculoid organisation, and does not differ significantly from other species examined with the electron microscope. The pseudoraphe, frequently regarded as an important taxonomic criterion, has been found to be a variable feature in C. diminuta and its significance in this regard appears doubtful. Special reference is made to the substructure of the pyrenoid, since it appears to possess a crystal lattice that is similar in structure to the one described in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans.
“Two First Authors”: Defining and Evaluating Collaborative Partnership

Abstract Models of academic collaboration typically assume roles dictated by experience or seniority. Our experience as two new faculty members engaged in a long-term curriculum revision project le...
Increased glucose uptake by intestinal mucosa and muscularis in hypermetabolic sepsis

The purpose of the present study was to determine the following: 1) whether the sepsis-induced increase in glucose uptake was a generalized response along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract; 2) the relative contribution of the mucosa and muscularis to the enhanced uptake; and 3) whether reducing intestinal blood flow would attenuate the elevated rate of glucose uptake. Hypermetabolic sepsis increased in vivo glucose uptake in all sections of the gastrointestinal tract (57-93%) except the stomach. The rates of glucose uptake per gram of tissue by the mucosa and muscularis were not different. However, because the mucosa accounted for the majority of the whole intestine mass, this layer was responsible for 76-78% of the glucose uptake by the entire small intestine. Intestinal blood flow, determined with the use of radiolabeled microspheres, increased by 127% in sepsis. In both groups, approximately 70% of the total intestinal blood flow was distributed to the mucosa. Somatostatin was infused to produce splanchnic vasoconstriction and decreased the sepsis-induced increment in intestinal flow to the mucosa and muscularis (38 and 54%), whereas the enhanced rate of glucose uptake was not altered. Somatostatin also produced a severe insulinopenia. These results indicate that hypermetabolic sepsis increases glucose uptake to a similar extent along the length of the small and large intestine and that the majority of this increase is due to an enhanced uptake by the mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE KNOWLEDGE GAP: An Analytical Review of Media Effects

The purpose of this article is to examine research evidence on knowledge gaps and to ask how strong this evidence is, particularly when amount of mass media publicity is taken into account. Many varying characteristics of 58 studies with relevant data are analyzed. Theoretical and methodological differences among the studies are pointed out, and some conclusions drawn about media effects on knowledge disparities and conditions under which knowledge gaps may or may not occur. Some reasons for conflicting results in the literature are explained, and suggestions are made for future research on knowledge differentials.
What Is Your Guess? A Four-Day-Old Boy with an Abnormal Metabolic Screen

A four-day-old boy with a positive result in newborn-screening testing was referred to the hospital for further evaluation. He was the product of a 39-week gestation and appeared well at birth. His laboratory results included the following plasma findings: ammonia, 109 μg/dL (reference interval, 20–65 μg/dL); citrulline, 169 μmol/L (reference interval, 2–50 μmol/L); and leucine, 278 μmol/L (reference interval, 32–153 μmol/L). Also found were increases in homocysteine and γ-aminobutyric acid. The amino acid spectrum is shown below …
Red aviation lights on wind turbines do not increase bat–turbine collisions

Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain why bat–wind turbine collisions occur; however, most of these hypotheses have yet to be tested and with high numbers of bat fatalities reported annually at wind resource facilities globally, there is a real need to understand this phenomenon. In this study, we tested whether aviation lighting influenced the number of bat fatalities at wind turbines. Thus, at a utility-scale wind facility in north-central Texas, we explored whether bat fatalities were higher at wind turbines with red flashing aviation lighting compared with turbines without such lighting. Over a 5-year period, we recorded fatalities at wind turbines as part of a long-term fatality monitoring programme. During standardized searches, we collected 916 bat carcasses representing all six species known to be present at the site. We found that bat fatalities were higher at wind turbines without aviation lighting compared with those with; a pattern that was driven by one species, Lasiurus borealis, and there was no significant difference between fatalities at wind turbines with or without aviation lighting for any other species. Our study demonstrates that wind turbines should continue to be fitted with synchronized, flashing red aviation lights, as this form of lighting does not appear to be one of the potential causes of bat fatalities at wind resource facilities. We therefore support further research that explores possible alternative causes of bat–wind turbine interactions. More specifically, we reiterate that there is still a pressing need to determine the aspects of bat ecology that result in individuals coming into contact with wind turbines.
Multiple Pudendal Sensory Pathways Reflexly Modulate Bladder and Urethral Activity in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Purpose: Electrical stimulation of pudendal afferents can evoke reflex bladder contractions with relaxation of the external urethral sphincter in cats. This voiding reflex is mediated by pudendal sensory fibers innervating the penile and prostatic urethra that engage spinal and spinobulbospinal micturition pathways, respectively. However, clinical translation of this potential therapy in individuals with spinal cord injury is limited by the lack of evidence showing analogous reflex mechanisms in humans. We investigated excitatory pudendal-to-bladder reflexes in 7 individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.Materials and Methods: We recorded isovolumetric bladder pressure and perineal electromyogram in response to intraurethral electrical stimulation at varying amplitudes and frequencies.Results: Selective electrical stimulation of the proximal (29.7 ± 11.6 cm H2O) and distal urethral (23.3 ± 9.28 cm H2O) segments evoked sustained reflex bladder contractions in different subsets (3 each) of participants. I...
R3D Align

Motivation: Comparing 3D structures of homologous RNA molecules yields information about sequence and structural variability. To compare large RNA 3D structures, accurate automatic comparison tools are needed. In this article, we introduce a new algorithm and web server to align large homologous RNA structures nucleotide by nucleotide using local superpositions that accommodate the flexibility of RNA molecules. Local alignments are merged to form a global alignment by employing a maximum clique algorithm on a specially defined graph that we call the ‘local alignment’ graph. Results: The algorithm is implemented in a program suite and web server called ‘R3D Align’. The R3D Align alignment of homologous 3D structures of 5S, 16S and 23S rRNA was compared to a high-quality hand alignment. A full comparison of the 16S alignment with the other state-of-the-art methods is also provided. The R3D Align program suite includes new diagnostic tools for the structural evaluation of RNA alignments. The R3D Align alignments were compared to those produced by other programs and were found to be the most accurate, in comparison with a high quality hand-crafted alignment and in conjunction with a series of other diagnostics presented. The number of aligned base pairs as well as measures of geometric similarity are used to evaluate the accuracy of the alignments. Availability: R3D Align is freely available through a web server http://rna.bgsu.edu/R3DAlign. The MATLAB source code of the program suite is also freely available for download at that location. Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. Contact: [email protected]
Thomas Paine Amidst the Early Feminists

Paine — like many male radicals of the late Enlightenment — was neither a steady nor consistently direct advocate of the rights of women, particularly women’s equal civil and political rights with men. In this way, he was no different from William Godwin in London, Bishop Talleyrand in Paris, or Charles Brockden Brown in America. Early in his career, from Common Sense (1776) to Rights of Man, Part I (1791), Paine was silent on the issue of women’s rights, and sometimes slipped into using derogatory, patriarchal language to describe women’s inequality with men. The shift from the republican-based discourse of Common Sense and the Crisis series (1776-1783) to the rights-based language of Rights of Man, Part I, seems to have pushed Paine toward a deeper philosophical consideration of women’s possession of the same natural rights as men. Much of what Paine argued in the later part of his career, especially in the second part of Rights of Man, Part II (1792) and Agrarian Justice (1797), either explicitly or implicitly endorses women’s equal rights with men, especially welfare rights but also political rights such as suffrage.
Reflections on Substance and Form in the Civil Rights Classroom

Legal education typically treats substance and form as unrelated entities -- the same pedagogical structure and tools are used regardless of the nature of the course. This Essay attempts to align the way we teach civil rights law with the nature of the subject matter by exploring three central conflicts that touch on both substance and form: the battle between coercion and freedom, the battle between public and private, and the battle between law and love. It argues that while the form of legal education polarizes each of these divides, the substance of civil rights law takes a more ambiguous position, creating a wide disconnect between the subject matter of civil rights courses and the structure of the typical law school classroom.
Military Power and the (Non-)Diffusion of Democracy

The diffusion of democracy has received growing and widespread attention among scholars of democratization in recent years. In quantitative testing, it is now common to control for neighbor diffusion, regional diffusion, global diffusion, or diffusion through alliances and regional international organizations. Yet relatively little attention has been paid to whether and how democratic diffusion effects are moderated. In this paper, I argue that an autocracy’s material power is likely to attenuate pressures to democratize due to foreign intervention, external demonstration effects, or snowballing. Using cross-national data on democratic transitions from 1950-2008, the results suggest that democratic diffusion is strong for autocracies with little material power and influence but non-existent for powerful autocracies, as measured by the Correlates of War project’s comprehensive index of national capabilities (CINC). Democratization was also more likely after the Cold War among weaker autocracies. A case study of the third wave of democratization in East Asia qualifies these quantitative findings, as it demonstrates that democratic diffusion can still topple materially capable dictatorships if U.S. influence is strong. The results have implications for China, in particular, where many authors have predicted democratization based on modernization and democratization trends in Asia but ignore the government’s geopolitical size and massive investments in military power.
Comparison of inpatient and outpatient thyroidectomy: Demographic and economic disparities.

Abstract Background Thyroidectomy is increasingly being performed as an outpatient procedure. In this study, we aim to examine patient characteristics and clinical factors associated with outpatient thyroid surgeries as compared to inpatient procedures. Methods A cross-sectional study for the period of 2007–2010. Inpatients and outpatients were selected from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases, respectively. All patients were adults (≥18 years) who underwent thyroidectomy in the States of Florida and New York. Results A total of 25,267 outpatients, and 8219 inpatients were included. Outpatients were more likely to be female, White, have private insurance, and have one or no comorbidities ( p p p p p Conclusions Racial and economic disparities exist in the utilization of ambulatory thyroidectomy. Experienced surgeons are more likely to provide ambulatory thyroidectomy, and surgeries performed by them are associated with more favorable outcomes and lower hospital charges.
Association of Family Functioning on Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior.

Objective: High family functioning is associated with reduced depression symptoms, better academic achievement, less disordered eating, and better metabolic control among youth. However, we know very little about the role of family functioning on physical activity and sedentary behavior among youth, which was the purpose of this study. Methods: Data from the 2003 and 2011–2012 cycles of the National Survey of Children’s Health were used. A total of 61,226 parents/guardians from the 2003 cycle and 40,446 parents/guardians from the 2011–2012 cycle (total n = 101,672) across all 50 states and the District of Columbia were examined. Parents answered questions related to family functioning and their child’s (age 6–17 yrs) physical activity and sedentary behavior. Results: Results were the same across both cycles; after adjustments, youth engaged in less physical activity if the family had worse family functioning (β = −0.06, P < .001). Similarly, youth engaged in more sedentary behavior if the family had worse...
A Graph-Based Approach to Measuring the Efficiency of an Urban Taxi Service System

Taxi service systems in big cities are immensely complex due to the interaction and self-organization between taxi drivers and passengers. An inefficient taxi service system leads to more empty trips for drivers and longer waiting time for passengers and introduces unnecessary congestion on the road network. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency level of the taxi service system using real-world large-scale taxi trip data. By assuming a hypothetical system-wide recommendation system, two approaches are proposed to find the theoretical optimal strategies that minimize the cost of empty trips and the number of taxis required to satisfy all the observed trips. The optimization problems are transformed into equivalent graph problems and solved using polynomial time algorithms. The taxi trip data in New York City are used to quantitatively examine the gap between the current system performance and the theoretically optimal system. The numerical results indicate that, if system-wide information between taxi drivers and passengers was shared, it is possible to reduce 60%–90% of the total empty trip cost depending on different objectives, and one-third of all taxis required to serve all observed trips. The existence of destructive competition among taxi drivers is also uncovered in the actual taxi service system. The huge performance gap suggests an urgent need for a system reconsideration in designing taxi recommendation systems.
Moving at the speed of science: Regulatory flexibility for unmet medical needs

We are in the midst of an unprecedented wave of disruptive science and medical breakthroughs. In recent years, scientific innovators have delivered cures for hepatitis C, new precision medicines for cancer, and vaccines for devastating infectious diseases such as dengue fever. Researchers have begun
Measuring the short-term substrate utilization response to high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals in the whole-body indirect calorimeter.

The paper demonstrates that minute‐to‐minute metabolic response to meals with different macronutrient content can be measured and discerned in the whole‐body indirect calorimeter. The ability to discriminate between high‐carbohydrate and high‐fat meals is achieved by applying a modified regularization technique with additional constraints imposed on oxygen consumption rate. These additional constraints reduce the differences in accuracy between the oxygen and carbon dioxide analyzers. The modified technique was applied to 63 calorimeter sessions that were each 24 h long. The data were collected from 16 healthy volunteers (eight males, eight females, aged 22–35 years). Each volunteer performed four 24‐h long calorimeter sessions. At each session, they received one of four treatment combinations involving exercise (high or low intensity) and diet (a high‐fat or high‐carbohydrate shake for lunch). One volunteer did not complete all four assignments, which brought the total number of sessions to 63 instead of 64. During the 24‐h stay in the calorimeter, subjects wore a continuous glucose monitoring system, which was used as a benchmark for subject's postprandial glycemic response. The minute‐by‐minute respiratory exchange ratio (RER) data showed excellent agreement with concurrent subcutaneous glucose concentrations in postprandial state. The averaged minute‐to‐minute RER response to the high‐carbohydrate shake was significantly different from the response to high‐fat shake. Also, postprandial RER slopes were significantly different for two dietary treatments. The results show that whole‐body respiration calorimeters can be utilized as tools to study short‐term kinetics of substrate oxidation in humans.
Computational Image Modeling for Characterization and Analysis of Intracellular Cargo Transport

Active intracellular cargo transport is essential to survival and function of eukaryotic cells. How this process is controlled spatially and temporally so that the right cargo is delivered to the right destination at the right time remains poorly understood. To address this question, it is essential to characterize and analyze the molecular machinery and spatiotemporal behavior of intracellular transport. To this end, we developed related computational image models. Specifically, to study the molecular machinery of intracellular transport, we developed anisotropic spatial density kernels for reconstruction and segmentation of related super-resolution STORM (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) images. To study the spatiotemporal behavior of intracellular transport, we developed hidden Markov models and principal component analysis for representation and analysis of movement of individual transported cargoes. We validated and benchmarked the image models using simulated and actual experimental images. The models and related computational analysis methods developed in this study are general and can be used for studying molecular machinery and spatiotemporal dynamics of other cellular processes.
Fables of Fact

In 1835, Charles Darwin discovered, in the course of his voyage on the “Beagle,” a species of frog which has since borne his name: Rhinoderma darwini, or Darwin’s frog. This small anuran (anurans include frogs and toads), classified among the rhinodermatins, an independent family comprehending a few species of South American frogs with a pectoral girdle intermediate between the movable and the stiff form, has a triangular cutaneous tip on its head (as is clearly visible in the Figure 1); the frog is still found in Chile and southward. Its brood-care behavior is not only singular among all frogs—amphibians, like reptiles, are often poor parents—but perhaps the most bizarre technique of parental care, or “philoprogeneity,” so far described.
Controllable Plasmonic Enhancement and Hot Spots of Metallic Nanoclusters Assembled by Green Fluorescent Proteins

Biocompatible metallic nanoparticles in optical regime have been incessantly explored for the state of art technologies of non-invasive sensing, high resolution imaging and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We propose three-dimensional numerical modeling to unveil the physical phenomena of gold nanoclusters assembled by green fluorescent protein (GFP) with FDTD technique. GFPs over metallic nanoparticles are physically modeled as a nanometer cylindrical shape with estimated refractive index depending on the molecular concentration of buffer solution. Electromagnetic field distributions in the vicinity of metallic nanoparticles accompanying with GFPs exhibit localized hot spot intensity and locations as a function of gap length between nanoparticles, incident polarization state of light, and array types. Calculated spectra is verified with experimental data in terms of buffer concentration with and without gold nanoparticles. In addition, plasmonic tunability within visible range is observed in randomized hetero gold nanoclusters assembled by specific binding between split-GFP with 40 nm gold particle and M3 peptide with 20 nm gold particle, giving rise to major electric capacitive coupling. SERS enhancement factor relies on the coupling location of hetero gold nanoparticles. Interparticle electric couplings between 40 nm gold particles and 20 nm gold particles in randomized hetero gold nanoclusters produce localized hot spots in response to the interparticle distance, polarization orientation, and nanoparticle size. In case of gold nanoheptamer, which is also assembled by site-specific GFP binding, symmetric localized hot spots are observed corresponding to the couplings between center gold nanoparticle and surrounding gold nanoparticles. By the variation of surrounding gold nanoparticle size, the number and position of localized hot spots, which can be called Raman active site, is controllable. According to numerical analysis of GFP-driven gold nanocluster, tailored gold nanoclusters are offered.
The Impact of R&D Alliance on the Survival of Newly Listed High Tech Firms

This paper investigates the extent to which R&D alliance participation affects the survival performance of newly listed high tech firms. The estimation strategy identifies the impact through changes on a firm’s alliance status. Using longitudinal data on high tech firms that had an initial public offering in the United States, results suggest that R&D collaborating firms experience greater survival, relative to non-R&D collaborating firms. In particular, participation in an R&D alliance is associated with an attenuation of delistment due to poor financial performance.
Muscle synergies after stroke are correlated with perilesional high gamma

Movements can be factored into modules termed "muscle synergies". After stroke, abnormal synergies are linked to impaired movements; however, their neural basis is not understood. In a single subject, we examined how electrocorticography signals from the perilesional cortex were associated with synergies. The measured synergies contained a mix of both normal and abnormal patterns and were remarkably similar to those described in past work. Interestingly, we found that both normal and abnormal synergies were correlated with perilesional high gamma. Given the link between high gamma and cortical spiking, our results suggest that perilesional spiking may organize synergies after stroke.
Expenditure on Snow and Ice Control for Roadway Maintenance

AbstractThis paper presents the relationships between various winter weather conditions and the total expenditure on purchasing and applying snow and ice control materials and operation costs (labo...
Lipopolysaccharide downregulates macrophage-derived IL-22 to modulate alcohol-induced hepatocyte cell death

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a Th17 cell hepatoprotective cytokine that is undergoing clinical trials to treat patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of macrophage...
Retrospective review of safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibition in refractory high-grade gliomas.

2033Background: Treatment options for refractory high grade gliomas (HGG) are limited. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression has been reported in 0-61% of HGGs and therefore might be a ...
Information-Seeking about Anxiety and Perceptions about Technology to Teach Coping Skills in Older Veterans.

ABSTRACTObjective: We sought to learn where older veterans seek information about anxiety and coping. Due to increasing use of technology in health care, we also explored benefits and barriers of using technology to teach coping skills.Methods: Twenty veterans (mean age = 69.5 years, SD = 7.3) participated in semi-structured interviews in which we inquired about where they seek information about anxiety. We explored quantitative and qualitative differences for veterans with high versus low anxiety. In follow-up focus groups, we examined opinions about learning coping skills using technology.Results: Though veterans primarily named health care professionals as sources of information about anxiety, online searches and reading books were frequently mentioned. Reported benefits of using technology were convenience and standardized instruction of coping skills. Barriers included lack of interaction and frustration with technology usability.Conclusion: Older veterans use multiple sources, heavily rely on interp...
Ab initio study of structural and electronic properties of copper and nickel tungstate

Abstract Calculating accurate band gaps of semiconducting and insulating materials is one of the major challenges currently facing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The atomic and electronic structure of antiferromagnetic NiWO4 and CuWO4 is studied in the plane wave based program VASP using pure, as well as hybrid forms of the exchange-correlation (xc) functional. It is shown that the atomic structure and the electronic density of states (DOS) of these two systems can be described as accurately with non-hybrid functionals as with more computationally expensive hybrid functionals. NiWO4 cell dimensions with less than 0.6% mean relative error can be achieved using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized gradient approximation (GGA) form of the xc functional. Lattice parameters comparable to those found with hybrid functionals for CuWO4 can be obtained with the PBE+ U correction method. The PBE+ U correction can also be applied to the CuWO4 system to produce the experimental band gap. The modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) meta-GGA gives band gaps close to experimental ranges for both the NiWO4 and CuWO4 systems.
Tamoxifen is better than low-dose clomiphene or gonadotropins in women with thin endometrium (<7 mm) after clomiphene in intrauterine insemination cycles: A prospective study

Aim: Gonadotropin stimulation is used as the second line of treatment in patients with thin endometrium following clomiphene citrate (CC) administration, which is associated with higher cost, multiple births, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Tamoxifen (TMX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, acts as an agonist on the endometrium. The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of low-dose CC, TMX, and gonadotropins in women with thin endometrium (
Kidney dysfunction in the low-birth weight murine adult: implications of oxidative stress

Maternal undernutrition (MUN) during pregnancy leads to low-birth weight (LBW) neonates that have a reduced kidney nephron endowment and higher morbidity as adults. Using a severe combined caloric ...
Tabulations and Correlations of Transition Temperatures of Classical Superconductors

Superconducting transition temperatures Tc are tabulated for about 800 classical compounds classified by their structure type. Some general trends in the data such as the correlation of Tc values with the number of valence electrons are commented upon.
Iodine-123 production for radiopharmaceuticals—XX: Excitation functions of the 124Te(p, 2n)123I and 124Te(p, n)124I reactions and the effect of target enrichment on radionuclidic purity☆

Abstract The excitation functions for the 124 Te( p , 2 n ) 123 I and 124 Te( p , n ) 124 I reactions were determined with thin films of 99.87% and 91.86% isotopically enriched 124 Te. The production rates and the optimum fractions of the excitation functions for obtaining the maximum radiochemical purity of 123 I with the different isotopic enrichments of 124 Te were established. Targetry, radiochemistry and a quantitative procedure for recovery of 124 Te are to be described in a subsequent paper. The 124 Te( p , 2 n ) 123 I reaction on ultrahigh enrichment 124 Te is a satisfactory and economical production method on cyclotrons with particle energies or beam intensities too low to produce 123 Xe as a source of high-purity iodine-123.
Learning Technology Review: Memrise

Review of an online language learning platform called Memrise . Producer Details: Memrise 3-5 Fashion Street London E1 6PX United Kingdom press@memrise.com www.memrise.com
Classroom as Workshop

So-called “flipped” classrooms are increasingly popular in postsecondary settings because they give students greater ownership of their learning and foster collaborative instruction. However, these approaches can present difficulties for instructors, who can feel that their expertise and authority is being displaced, and for students, who can find flipped classrooms confusing. Using the metaphor of the craftsman’s workshop as a guide, this essay presents a flipped classroom model that focuses on the “craft” of learning, in which instructors and students play specific roles and work together to understand educational content.
Built environment exposures of adults in the moving to opportunity experiment

This paper describes environmental exposures of adult participants in the Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing (MTO) experiment over a four to seven year period from baseline to the interim evaluation. The MTO experiment randomized participants living in public housing or private assisted housing at baseline into experimental and control groups and provided a housing voucher for experimental group participants to move to neighborhoods with less than 10 percent of the population below the poverty line. However, few studies have examined how this move affected exposures to health promoting environments. We used data on residential locations of MTO participants and archival data on the built and food environment to construct environmental exposure variables. MTO participants in the experimental and Section 8 groups lived in neighborhoods with higher food prices, less high intensity development and more open space relative to the control group. The findings suggest that housing policies can have potential health consequences by altering health-related environmental exposures.
A 0.6-V Tail-Less Inverter Stacking Amplifier with 0.96 PEF

This paper presents a highly power-efficient instrumentation amplifier. It adopts an inverter stacking amplifier (ISA) based 1st-stage that realizes 4x current reuse, thereby greatly reducing the supply current. To boost the power efficiency and enable its robust operation under 0.6V supply, the tail current sources are removed. A high CMRR of 84dB is maintained by combining chopping, closed-loop biasing, and inherent high impedance degeneration. A 3-stage topology with a class-AB last-stage realizes high loop gain and power-efficient dominant-pole compensation. A prototype tail-less ISA in 180nm achieves 1.38uV rms input referred noise (IRN) within 8-kHz BW, while consuming only 2.7uW. This leads to a power efficiency factor (PEF) of 0.96. To authors’ best knowledge, it is the best reported PEF to date.
Robotic Tissue Manipulation and Resection in Spine Surgery

Spine surgery has evolved from the advent of imaging and navigation guidance, particularly with the rise of robotic surgical assistance. Navigation guidance has demonstrated potential for increased accuracy of transpedicular screw placement and resecting primary and metastatic spinal tumors. Robotic surgery is widely accepted in other surgical fields because laparoscopic techniques applied to robots can increase operator dexterity and improve visualization. Robotic assistance with spinal tumors has enjoyed rising interest owing to the potential for safe and minimally traumatic resection. We discuss available robots used for navigation-guided transpedicular screw placement and state-of-the-art robotic techniques for spinal or paraspinal tumor resection.
Rules-Based Accounting Standards and SEC Enforcement

This archival study investigates the association between rules-based violations and the likelihood of SEC enforcement. I utilize two samples of firms subject to SEC investigations: 1) firms with investigations that end in an enforcement action and 2) firms with investigations that are dropped, and examine the impact of rules-based accounting violations on enforcement. Each enforcement action in the sample specifically cites the GAAP standard violated, and the degree to which the standards contain rules-based characteristics is quantified. The violations are classified as either rules-based or principles-based and a multivariate analysis is performed. The “roadmap” theory suggests that firms who commit rules-based violations are more likely to be subject to SEC enforcement, while the “roadblock” theory predicts the opposite effect. Overall, the results suggest the SEC is less likely to litigate cases that involve rules-based accounting violations, or more likely to drop/dismiss investigations centered on rules-based violations, consistent with the “roadblock” theory. No evidence is found of a relation between rules-based accounting violations and the dollar magnitude of penalties assessed. These results are relevant for financial statement preparers, auditors, and regulators.
Effect of cereal rye and canola on winter and summer annual weed emergence in corn

Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at two locations in Indiana to evaluate the influence of cover crop species, termination timing, and herbicide treatment on winter and summer annual weed suppression and corn yield. Cereal rye and canola cover crops were terminated early or late (2 wk before or after corn planting) with a glyphosate- or glufosinate-based herbicide program. Canola and cereal rye reduced total weed biomass collected at termination by up to 74% and 91%, in comparison to fallow, respectively. Canola reduced horseweed density by up to 56% at termination and 57% at POST application compared to fallow. Cereal rye reduced horseweed density by up to 59% at termination and 87% at POST application compared to fallow. Canola did not reduce giant ragweed density at termination in comparison to fallow. Cereal rye reduced giant ragweed density by up to 66% at termination and 62% at POST application. Termination timing had little to no effect on weed biomass and density reduction in comparison to the effect of cover crop species. Cereal rye reduced corn grain yield at both locations in comparison to fallow, especially for the late-termination timing. Corn grain yield reduction up to 49% (4,770 kg ha–1) was recorded for cereal rye terminated late in comparison to fallow terminated late. Canola did not reduce corn grain yield in comparison to fallow within termination timing; however, late-terminated canola reduced corn grain yield by up to 21% (2,980 kg ha–1) in comparison to early-terminated fallow. Cereal rye can suppress giant ragweed emergence, whereas canola is not as effective at suppressing large-seeded broadleaves such as giant ragweed. These results also indicate that early-terminated cover crops can often result in higher corn grain yields than late-terminated cover crops in an integrated weed management program.
2.12 – Optic Flow

Optic flow is the motion pattern generated at an eye that is moving relative to the environment. The flow pattern on the retina consists of a translational component of radial flow due to observer translation and a rotational component of solenoidal flow due to eye or head rotation (where yaw or pitch produces lamellar flow, and roll about the line of sight produces rotary flow). During pure translation, the direction of travel or heading is specified by the radial flow pattern. But when the eye is also rotating, as during a pursuit movement, the retinal flow is radically altered. How might the visual system decompose the flow pattern to recover the observer’s translational heading and rotation? This chapter reviews current approaches to this problem, based on information in the retinal flow and extraretinal signals about rotation. The psychophysical data indicate that translational heading is determined from the local and global motion parallax in the retinal flow, whereas observer rotation is determined from lamellar motion and extraretinal signals; this rotation estimate also contributes to the perceived heading. The path of self-motion may be determined from the heading with respect to environmental objects over time. These functions are performed in a distributed network in the dorsal pathway that includes areas MT, MSTd, VIP, 7a, and STP, although the precise implementation is a matter of ongoing investigation.
Parametric Statistical Inference for Comparing Means and Variances.

Purpose The purpose of this tutorial is to provide visual scientists with various approaches for comparing two or more groups of data using parametric statistical tests, which require that the distribution of data within each group is normal (Gaussian). Non-parametric tests are used for inference when the sample data are not normally distributed or the sample is too small to assess its true distribution. Methods Methods are reviewed using retinal thickness, as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), as an example for comparing two or more group means. The following parametric statistical approaches are presented for different situations: two-sample t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), paired t-test, and the analysis of repeated measures data using a linear mixed-effects model approach. Results Analyzing differences between means using various approaches is demonstrated, and follow-up procedures to analyze pairwise differences between means when there are more than two comparison groups are discussed. The assumption of equal variance between groups and methods to test for equal variances are examined. Examples of repeated measures analysis for right and left eyes on subjects, across spatial segments within the same eye (e.g. quadrants of each retina), and over time are given. Conclusions This tutorial outlines parametric inference tests for comparing means of two or more groups and discusses how to interpret the output from statistical software packages. Critical assumptions made by the tests and ways of checking these assumptions are discussed. Efficient study designs increase the likelihood of detecting differences between groups if such differences exist. Situations commonly encountered by vision scientists involve repeated measures from the same subject over time, measurements on both right and left eyes from the same subject, and measurements from different locations within the same eye. Repeated measurements are usually correlated, and the statistical analysis needs to account for the correlation. Doing this the right way helps to ensure rigor so that the results can be repeated and validated.