cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of ecological context and relatedness on larval cannibalism in a fungus-associated beetle

The fitness consequences of extreme competitive interactions such as cannibalism are often governed by the environment because the costs and benefits of such behaviors depend on the ecological and social context of the participants. However, most studies of context-dependent cannibalism are conducted under extreme circumstances or examine only a single environmental context, conditions that are unlikely to exist in natural populations. In this study, we tested the effect of multiple environmental contexts on the frequency of cannibalism in forked fungus beetle larvae (Bolitotherus cornutus), which develop in 1 of 3 different fungus species. We paired larvae in laboratory trials and measured the effect of 1) ecological context (the 3 fungi) and 2) the relatedness of the paired larvae on the frequency of cannibalism. We found a strong effect of ecological context on cannibalism: larvae in 1 fungus cannibalized nearly twice as often as larvae in the other two. We did not detect an effect of relatedness on cannibalism in the 1 species of fungus in which trials were conducted. Cannibalism conferred benefits in the form of accelerated growth rates in all measured traits relative to noncannibals. However, contrary to most studies, cannibalism was most common in the highest quality fungus, contradicting the hypothesis that cannibalism occurs in poor environments to compensate for resource deficiencies. We discuss alternative mechanisms that may drive the ecological context dependence of cannibalism in B. cornutus and emphasize the importance of studying context-dependent behavior in naturally occurring environments.
The kinesinlike protein subito contributes to central spindle assembly and organization of the meiotic spindle in Drosophila oocytes

In the oocytes of many species, bipolar spindles form in the absence of centrosomes. Drosophila melanogaster oocyte chromosomes have a major role in nucleating microtubules, which precedes the bundling and assembly of these microtubules into a bipolar spindle. Here we present evidence that a region similar to the anaphase central spindle functions to organize acentrosomal spindles. Subito mutants are characterized by the formation of tripolar or monopolar spindles and nondisjunction of homologous chromosomes at meiosis I. Subito encodes a kinesinlike protein and associates with the meiotic central spindle, consistent with its classification in the Kinesin 6/MKLP1 family. This class of proteins is known to be required for cytokinesis, but our results suggest a new function in spindle formation. The meiotic central spindle appears during prometaphase and includes passenger complex proteins such as AurB and Incenp. Unlike mitotic cells, the passenger proteins do not associate with centromeres before anaphase. In the absence of Subito, central spindle formation is defective and AurB and Incenp fail to properly localize. We propose that Subito is required for establishing and/or maintaining the central spindle in Drosophila oocytes, and this substitutes for the role of centrosomes in organizing the bipolar spindle.
Not All Cues Are Created Equal: The Conditional Impact of Female Candidates on Political Engagement

Over the past several decades women's lives in the public sphere have increased dramatically, providing women with more political resources than they have ever had before. Yet the gap between men and women's level of political engagement in a number of key areas of political life has persisted. This suggests that political or contextual factors, rather than resources or socialization, may be key in understanding these differences. One contextual factor that may be important to female political engagement is competitive female candidates. The hypothesis that visible and competitive women matter to female citizens is tested by examining the relationship between various political attitudes and behaviors and the presence (or absence) of a viable statewide female candidate. The models indicate that there is overwhelming support for the hypothesis that women citizens in states with competitive and visible female candidates increase their political engagement. These results suggest that descriptive representatio...
Precise control of DNA orientation for improved functionlity in protein binding microarrays

We demonstrate controlled orientation of surface anchored DNA and utilize spectral self-interference fluorescent microscopy (SSFM) to measure fluorophore height with sub-nm precision to precisely quantify DNA orientation and conformation.
Development of Guidelines for Anchor Design for High-Tension Cable Guardrails

High-tension cable guardrail is becoming increasingly popular in median and roadside applications because of the promise of reduced deflections on impact and reduced maintenance. As the performance of these systems is observed in service, there is a growing concern over the end anchorage foundation performance of current systems. Foundations for high-tension systems must not only be capable of restraining the impact load of a vehicle but must also restrain the initial pretension on the cable system as well as temperature-induced loads. Although it may be acceptable for many roadside safety devices to require foundation repair after impact, foundation failure caused by environmentally induced loads would be a significant maintenance problem. Because initial tensionand temperature-induced loads can be greater than those loads applied during impact, these loadings must be considered in foundation design. Foundation deflection can reduce cable tension, increasing deflection of the system during impact and let...
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Culture and Delegitimization: A Feminist Analysis

The condition referred to as multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), chemical injury (CI), environmental illness (El), 20th-century disease or toxic encephalopathy has generated controversy because victims' claims of harm from low levels of chemicals in the environment conflict with general mainstream belief in the safety of these substances. Mainstream (western) culture's response to persons with MCSICI has interacted with sexism, served to delegitimize victims thereby reducing their power, reduced the victim's context (because of forced isolation), and jeopardized jobs and relationships. This article will analyze the situation of the chemically injured person and culture's response from a feminist perspective, and discuss cultural delegitimization as a process used by a chemical culture to neutralize the message of the person with MCSICI, i.e., that the environment is unsafe for her/him, and, by extension, for others.
Automated surveillance for central line-associated bloodstream infection in intensive care units.

Objective. To develop and evaluate computer algorithms with high negative predictive values that augment traditional surveillance for central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Setting. Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1,250-bed tertiary care academic hospital in Saint Louis, Missouri. Methods. We evaluated all adult patients in intensive care units who had blood samples collected during the period from July 1, 2005, to June 30, 2006, that were positive for a recognized pathogen on culture. Each isolate recovered from culture was evaluated using the definitions for nosocomial CLABSI provided by the National Healthcare Safety Network of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Using manual surveillance by infection prevention specialists as the gold standard, we assessed the ability of various combinations of dichotomous rules to determine whether an isolate was associated with a CLABSI. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated. Results. Infection prevention specialists ...
Immunology of the Lymphomas

In the past 50 years, important discoveries have helped our current understanding of the immune system and its neoplasms. Early investigations led to the identification of distinct subpopulations of lymphocytes, the T (thymic-derived), B (bursa-equivalent), and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes that were not necessarily discernible by morphology and had differing functions (Papermaster and Good, Nature, 196:838–840, 1962 and Cooper et al., Nature 205:143–146, 1965). Cell-mediated immunity was found to be a function of T lymphocytes, while antibody responses (humoral immunity) were found to be a function of B lymphocytes. T and B cells were differentiated by the presence of certain antigens or proteins on their cell surfaces, specifically erythrocyte-rosette receptors (T) and surface immunoglobulins (B). It was later noted that different stages of lymphocyte maturation could be distinguished by the combination of particular antigens, generally glycoproteins, present on the cell surface, termed differentiation antigens. These antigens may be identified by specific, pure hybridoma antibodies (monoclonal antibodies) raised against them. The discovery of surface antigens on lymphocytes revolutionized the study of lymphoma (Nowell, Cancer Res, 20:462–466, 1960; Shevach et al. Transplant Rev, 16:3–28, 1973; and Jaffe et al., Cancer Treat Rep, 61:953–962, 1977). The combination of surface antigens (now termed cluster designation or CD group) present on a particular cell was designated its immunophenotype. The use of immunophenotypes has been helpful in classifying lymphomas into groups of B- or T-cell types and has provided insight into lymphocyte maturation. The result has been the development of new schemas of lymphocyte differentiation and new histologic classification systems attempting to correlate histology with phenotype. The progress in technology at the molecular level now permits detection of the earliest commitment to B- and T-lymphoid differentiation and serves to confirm immunophenotypic data. These technological advances have also led to the development of novel, targeted therapeutics in the form of monoclonal antibodies specific for the malignant equivalent of the developmental antigens associated with differentiation. As our understanding of immunologic interactions and function has matured, it has also become possible to modify these functions that may prevent tumor cell apoptosis and augment tumor cell killing by T and NK cells. Most recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors active in lymphoma have also been developed and are now becoming standard of care in treating a variety of lymphoid tumors. As described below, our ability to harness the immune system has progressed from developing a single “magic bullet” to amassing an arsenal of weaponry in the treatment of lymphoma.
Mud re-distribution in epicontinental basins - Exploring likely processes

Abstract Fine grained clastic sediments are very common in the interior deposits of ancient epicontinental seas. Not only do they make up the gross lithology in these basins, but they can also be traced for more than 1000 km offshore from basin margins. Given that epicontinental seas were overall shallow and in many parts most likely less than 100 m deep, basin floor slopes can safely be expected to be in the 0.01 to 0.001° range for much of depositional history. Known processes that bring muds to the basin margin and beyond are hypopycnal river plumes, hyperpycnal fluvial discharge events, storm-setup relaxation flows, and gravity-driven fluidized muds. With the exception of river plumes, all of these processes require the presence of sufficient slope for sustained movement. Due to that constraint, these processes combined might in the majority of situations have been able to move muddy sediments on the order of 100 km offshore. Whereas this is sufficient to distribute mud across marginal shelf seas, it becomes problematic in the case of much larger epicontinental seas. For example, those of Upper Devonian or Upper Cretaceous times extended in places for thousands of kilometers, and thus a process is needed that can move muddy sediments the rest of the way. Flume studies of the bedload transport of mud, combined with observations from the rock record, suggest that wind or tide induced bottom current circulation was most likely essential for moving muddy sediments from the periphery of epicontiental seas to their interiors. Remobilization of seafloor muds during frequently recurring lowering of sea level is likely to have aided in this process.
The Development and Testing of APTA Clinical Performance Instruments

Background and Purpose. The purposes of this article are to describe the process of developing the physical therapist (PT) and physical therapist assistant (PTA) Clinical Performance Instruments (CPIs) and to present the available information on the psychometric properties of each instrument. Subjects. Two hundred seventeen PTA students and 282 PT students participated in the pilot studies of the CPIs, and 181 PTA students and 319 PT students participated in field studies. Methods. To construct each instrument, content was first gathered from a variety of instruments and American Physical Therapy Association documents related to PT and PTA practice and education. Data compiled during the pilot and field study phases of the project led to the construction of the fourth (final) versions of the CPIs, which although not studied are currently in use. Results. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [2,1]) measuring the interrater reliability of the CPI total score were good (ICC=.87) for the PT total score and moderate (ICC=.77) for the PTA total score. Construct validity was supported by the substantial differences in mean CPI score for students completing first as compared with final clinical experiences, by the correlation between CPI item scores and total days of clinical experience, and by the lack of correlation with the Social Skills Inventory score. Discussion and Conclusion. Sale of the fourth (final) versions of the PT CPI occurred in November 1997 and of the PTA CPI in March 1998. Data based on psychometric evaluation of the final version have not yet been collected and reported. In the task force's opinion, the third drafts can provide reliable and valid measurements of PT or PTA student clinical performance. The fourth versions were based on this iteration.
The Relationship Between Family Functioning and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Emotional Clarity

Emotion regulation has been implicated in the etiology of depression. A first step in adaptive emotion regulation involves emotional clarity, the ability to recognize and differentiate one's emotional experience. As family members are critical in facilitating emotional understanding and communication, we examined the impact of family functioning on adolescent emotional clarity and depressive symptoms. We followed 364 adolescents (ages 14-17; 52.5% female; 51.4 % Caucasian, 48.6% African American) and their mothers over 2 years (3 time points) and assessed emotional clarity, depressive symptoms, and adolescents' and mothers' reports of family functioning. Emotional clarity mediated the relationship between adolescents' reports of family functioning and depressive symptoms at all time points cross-sectionally, and according to mothers' reports of family functioning at Time 1 only. There was no evidence of longitudinal mediation for adolescents' or mothers' reports of family functioning. Thus, family functioning, emotional clarity, and depressive symptoms are strongly related constructs during various time points in adolescence, which has important implications for intervention, especially within the family unit.
Management of Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia Associated with Petroclival Meningioma.

Objective Petroclival meningioma (PM) presents with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in < 5% of cases. Neurosurgeons often face the dilemma of formulating a treatment protocol when TN recurs. In this study, we sought to set up a protocol in patients with PM who had a recurrent TN. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of 57 patients with PM. Of the 57 patients, only 7 patients presented with TN, and six patients experienced recurrent TN. The study population was evaluated clinically and radiographically after treatment. Results Overall improvement of pain control after various treatments was 67%, and tumor control was 100%. The pain-free period was 2 years for the Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) group and 4 years for the resection group when treated as a primary treatment (p = 0.034). Of the six patients, four patients had Barrow Neurosurgical Institute (BNI) score I (no TN, no medication), and two patients had BNI score III (some pain controlled with medication). The Karnofsky performance scale score was significantly improved after treatment compared with the pretreated status (78 versus 88; p = 0.044). Conclusion Microsurgical resection is superior to GKRS in achieving and maintaining pain-free status in patients with recurrent trigeminal pain associated with PM.
Myeloid neoplasms with isolated isochromosome 17q demonstrate a high frequency of mutations in SETBP1, SRSF2, ASXL1 and NRAS

Isolated isochromosome 17q, i(17q), accounts for less than 1% of myeloid neoplasms that are commonly classified as myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). We have shown previously that these cases have distinctive clinicopathologic features, a poor prognosis and absence of TP53 mutations. However, their molecular mutation profile has not been studied. Here, we explored the mutation profile of 32 cases of myeloid neoplasm with isolated i(17q) that included AML, MDS/MPN, MDS and MPN. In addition to the common i(17q), these neoplasms had frequent mutations in SRSF2 (55%), SETBP1 (59%), ASXL1 (55%), and NRAS (31%); TET2 and TP53 mutations were rare. Eight of 28 patients (29%) showed concurrent mutations in ASXL1, SRSF2, SETBP1 and RAS. There was a significant association between mutations in SETBP1 and RAS (p = 0.003). The mutation pattern was independent of the morphologic diagnosis. Sequential analysis of 5 cases showed evolution from a diploid karyotype to i(17q) and that SRSF2 and ASXL1 mutations precede the detection of i(17q) whereas SETBP1 mutations are associated with i(17q).
Reliability of clinical measurement in temporomandibular disorders

SummaryThe ability to dependably measure clinical signs and symptoms is a minimum requirement for arriving at rational diagnoses and treatment plans for any health problem. This report examines interexaminer reliability as it applies to the measurement of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular diso
Intercolonial Interactions and Nestmate Discrimination in the Giant Tropical Ant, Paraponera clavata

We examine intercolonial interactions of the giant tropical ant, Paraponera clavata, at food resources and investigate the role of nestmate recognition in these interactions. Workers near colony entrances express discrimination of nestmates from non-nestmates by attacking the latter. Foragers engage in scramble competition with non-nestmates for large ephemeral food resources; agonism may occur secondarily in this context. Nests of this species are significantly overdispersed, but discrete territorial boundaries are apparently not defended. Agonistic interactions effectively exclude non-nestmates from the area near the nest; the nestmate recognition system serves primarily to protect the nest itself. IN THIS STUDY WE EXAMINE INTERCOLONIAL interac
Staging and Treatment Frameworks for Dementia Management

The purpose of this article is to introduce the 2016 SIG 15 Perspectives series that will focus on issues pertinent to the different stages of dementia. This article will provide current statistics...
Abstract P4-02-20: Plasticity of the ER and HER2 Signaling Networks Results in Compensatory Escape Pathways Contributing to Treatment Resistance

Bidirectional crosstalk between the estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 has been demonstrated in preclinical model systems. We have previously shown in HER2+ breast cancer cells with low ER that potent HER2- targeted therapy results in ER reactivation that functions as an escape pathway to evade therapeutic inhibition. Here we investigated the role of HER pathway components in resistance to endocrine therapies using UACC812 cells, which are endogenously amplified for HER2. Endocrine resistant (R) derivatives of the UACC812 line were developed through long-term (>6 months) culturing with estrogen deprivation (ED) alone or with 4-OH-tamoxifen (Tam, 10-7M). Endocrine treatment [continued ED, estrogen (E2, 10-9M), Tam (10-7M), or fulvestrant (Ful, 10-7M)] of parental cells slowed cell growth compared to estrogen treatment (P 200 days) complete regression in all mice. Our results further illustrate the plasticity of the ER and HER2 pathways and provide additional support for the role of the HER network, especially EGFR, in resistance to endocrine therapy in ER+/HER2+ breast cancer. The data emphasize the need for complete HER blockade for optimal therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-20.
Mosaic Evolution in Cultural Frameworks: Skateboard Decks and Projectile Points

There has been significant debate in paleoanthropology and more recently, archaeology, over the concept of mosaic evolution. Essentially, proponents of the concept argue that different aspects of organisms evolve separately while others argue that organisms evolve as integrated entities. Similarly, archaeologists debate the relevance of cultural evolution as a complex multi-scalar process. In this paper we conduct two cladistic analyses of cultural phenomena focusing on skateboard decks and projectile points from an archaeological site to examine variability in the evolutionary process. We find evidence for mosaic evolution in both studies and conclude that modularity likely is an important factor in cultural evolution, at least at the level of artifact design. We caution future investigators of evolution in ancient stone tools that modularity could have complicating effects on phylogenetic outcomes unless explicitly considered.
Intelligibility and localization of speech from virtual directions

We studied the intelligibility of speech and the ability of listeners to localize speech when synthetic direction information was added to the signal. Masked thresholds for single synthesized words...
Cardiovascular responses to exhaustive upright cycle exercise in highly trained older men

It is unclear whether the markedly enhanced aerobic exercise capacity of older endurance-trained men relative to their sedentary age peers is mediated primarily by central or peripheral cardiovascu...
Azide Tripodal Dendrons from Behera's Amine and Their Clicked Dendrimers.

Diazo transfer reactions on Behera’s amine and its next-generation analogue formed G0 and G1 azide dendrons bearing three and nine tert-butyl-protected esters, respectively. The utility of the new dendrons was demonstrated by copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, with 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene, forming two novel dendrimers in a convergent manner. Acid-mediated dendrimer deprotection was successful, and the resulting carboxy-terminated dendrimers were analyzed by NMR and DOSY experiments.
The effect of a dopamine agonist on dysarthric speech production: a case study.

UNLABELLED The effect of Permax (pergolide mesylate), a dopamine agonist, was assessed in an individual with traumatic brain injury. The participant evidenced symptoms of hypokinetic dysarthria. His performance on and off Permax was evaluated in a BABA design. Measures were obtained across physiological systems. There were few differences in the on and off conditions. In the on condition, he evidenced an abnormally large velopharyngeal orifice area, dysfluencies in stimulus sentences, and less precise articulation. However, listeners perceived him to be more animated in the on condition. In addition, he reported better performance in the on condition. The study highlights potential discrepancies among participant report, listener perception, and objective measures. LEARNING OUTCOMES As a result of this activity, the participant will be able (1) to recognize the effect of dopamine agonists as an adjunct to other pharmacological interventions and (2) to determine potential discrepancies among participant report, listener perception and objective physiological and acoustic measures.
Immune Complexes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract Antigen-antibody complexes (immune complexes) are responsible for glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and a variety of other systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations. This traditional view of immune complexes implicates them as the cause of end-organ damage in lupus. Increasingly, immune complexes are recognized for a regulatory role, interacting with Fc receptors and complement receptors on cells of the adaptive and innate immune system, and upregulating or modulating inflammatory pathways either directly (i.e., as an immune complex), or indirectly by enhancing cellular delivery of antigens such as RNA and DNA that then upregulate the immune response in lupus.
American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for the prevention and treatment of head lice infestation

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) established diagnosis and treatment guidelines for pediculosis in 2002. Ideally, diagnosis should be based on the observation of a live louse. The presence of nits is also used by many people to positively diagnose an infestation, although a nit located farther from the scalp than 1 cm is unlikely to be viable. Other material on the scalp may be mistaken for nits, leading to misdiagnosis. Because lice are not associated with serious medical problems, the primary consideration of the AAP regarding treatment is the safety of pediculicides and other products used to treat head lice. From a pediatrician's perspective, no significant risk is acceptable. Over-the-counter (OTC) pyrethroid products (pyrethrin and permethrin) are commonly used by parents to treat their children and are generally considered safe for most people. Pyrethroids are not completely ovicidal, however, so a second application is required. Misuse and overuse of these products have contributed to the development of resistance. Prescription products include permethrin 5%, lindane, and malathion 0.5%. Resistance to permethrin 5% and lindane has been documented. In addition, lindane is associated with serious adverse events and should be used with caution only in a select population. Malathion 0.5% is about 98% ovicidal, and no resistance has been reported. Malathion is highly effective, but AAP guidelines note that the product is flammable and serious adverse effects can occur with ingestion. Very few cases of ingestion have occurred, and no reported cases of flammability, but children being treated with malathion should be carefully supervised, and this pediculicide should not be used unless treatment with OTC products has failed. AAP guidelines also state that no-nit policies in schools are detrimental, causing lost time in the classroom, inappropriate allocation of the school nurse's time for lice screening, and a response to infestations that is out of proportion to their medical significance. Accurate diagnosis, safe treatment options, and a common-sense approach to managing infestations in schools are recommended.
Landsat 8 OLI radiometric calibration performance after three years(Conference Presentation)

The Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) impressed science users soon after launch in early 2013 with both its radiometric and geometric performance. After three years on-orbit, OLI continues to exceed expectations with its high signal-to-noise ratio, low striping, and stable response. The few artifacts that do exist, such as ghosting, continue to be minimal and show no signs of increasing. The on-board calibration sources showed a small decrease in response during the first six months of operations in the coastal aerosol band, but that decrease has stabilized to less than a half percent per year since that time. The other eight bands exhibit very little change over the past three years and have remained well within a half percent of their initial response to all on-board calibration sources. Analysis of lunar acquisitions also agree with the on-board calibrators. Overall, the OLI on-board the Landsat 8 spacecraft continues to provide exceptional measurements of the Earth's surface to continue the long tradition of Landsat.
Systems Pharmacology: An Overview

Systems pharmacology has evolved from a discipline that focuses on drug action at the organ level to a discipline that combines traditional pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling with recent systems biology approaches. The integration of high-throughput data technologies with computational data analysis and modeling offers new opportunities to overcome the one disease, one target, one drug approach. Whole genomic or transcriptomic sequencing and proteomics allow qualitative, and sometimes quantitative, snapshots of the cellular state at any given condition (e.g., during disease or after drug treatment) that can be the basis for the development of whole cell models to predict drug responses. Networks of protein–protein interactions that were confirmed by experimental and computational analysis of the structure of the interaction partners can be combined with graph theory to identify modules regulating the cellular state. Dynamic modeling and sensitivity analysis allow the identification of robust and fragile nodes within these modules to identify putative drug targets for single or combinatorial drug treatment. Traditional pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling complements these approaches by predicting drug concentration and target perturbation at the site of drug action. Such general systems pharmacology models are a great leap forward towards the development of patient-specific drug response models as a main component of precision medicine.
Effect of Tears and Tear Residues on Worn Etafilcon and Polymacon Disposable Contact Lenses on the Adhesion of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) ulcerative keratitis is the most severe complication of contact lens wear. The highest incidence of infection occurs with extended-wear hydrogel contact lenses, compared with daily-wear hydrogel lenses and with rigid gas-permeable lens wear.1–6 Corneal infection in contact lens users is believed to be initiated by the adhesion of the microorganism to the lenses.7–9 The microorganisms can then be transferred to the contact lens-compromised cornea when the immunological defense mechanism of the ocular surface is blocked by the wearing of the lens.10,11 In normal eyes, without a contact lens, blinking and the normal flow of tears cleanse the cornea of surface debris, desquamated epithelial cells, air polluters, and microorganisms. The mucoid component of the tears inhibits bacterial binding to the cornea surface. Enzymes and immunoglobulins in the tear fluid also protect the cornea against microorganisms.12 Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) released from the palpebral conjunctiva to the tears destroy invading microorganisms.13 However, hydrogel contact lenses that allow minimum tear exchange over the cornea interfere with all these lines of defense of the ocular surface.14 Also, with some of the available hydrogel lenses during daily-wear, and with all hydrogel lenses under the closed eye during sleep, the cornea becomes more vulnerable to microorganism invasion, due to the hypoxic stress induced by the lenses on the corneal epithelium.10,15,16
Producing Heritage: Politics, Patrimony, and Palatability in the Reinvention of Lowcountry Cuisine

AbstractThis article explores the way heritage agrobiodiversity provides fertile terrain for staking new claims of locality, culinary regional identity, and deliciousness in the United States. To do so it considers the contemporary reinvention of an “authentic” southern cuisine in the Carolina Lowcountry. In this region, heritage grains—otherwise perceived to be bland or unremarkable—are being strategically positioned to serve as a vehicle for promoting a culinary and cultural distinctiveness rooted in biodiversity and Lowcountry cuisine is being built on discourses of heritage and taste. Focusing in depth on two instrumental actors in the region’s agricultural and culinary reinvention, it is suggested that, much like the concept of terroir, heirloom grains are being employed to leverage new values on the marketplace and construct new definitions of deliciousness. The reinvention process, however, is riddled with accentuations and erasures, emphasizing the “tasty” aspects while eliding unsavory others.
3-Dimensional Plasmonic Substrates Based on Chicken Eggshell Bio-Templates for SERS-Based Bio-Sensing

A simple technique is presented to fabricate stable and reproducible plasmonic substrates using chicken eggshell as bio-templates, an otherwise everyday waste material. The 3-dimensional (3D) submicron features on the outer shell (OS), inner shell (IS), and shell membrane (SM) regions are sputter coated with gold and characterized for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance with respect to coating thickness, enhancement factor (EF), hot-spots distribution, and reproducibility. The OS and IS substrates have similar EF (2.6 × 106 and 1.8 × 106, respectively), while the SM provides smaller EF (1.5 × 105) due to its larger characteristic feature size. The variability from them (calculated as relative standard deviation, %RSD) are less than 7, 15, and 9 for the OS, IS, and SM substrates, respectively. Due to the larger EF and better signal reproducibility, the OS region is used for label-free sensing and identification of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria as an example of the potential SERS applications. It is demonstrated that the detection limit could reach the level of single bacterial cells. The OS and IS regions are also used as templates to fabricate 3D flexible SERS substrates using polydimethylsiloxane and characterized. The simple, low-cost, and green route of fabricating plasmonic substrates represents an innovative alternative approach without the needs for nanofabrication facilities. Coupled with hyperspectral Raman imaging, high-throughput bio-sensing can be carried out at the single pathogen level.
Effect of heat treatment variations on the mechanical properties of Inconel 718 selective laser melted specimens

Abstract The wide usage of Inconel 718 alloy is based on its fusion weldability and its availability in many different forms including cast, wrought and powder. Thus with the emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for metals, Inconel 718 is a prime candidate for materials to be considered. Powders that have been developed for powder metallurgy are readily available for use in various AM processes such as selected laser melting (SLM) powder bed. While much research has focused on optimizing the deposition parameters to achieve fully densified specimens, subsequent heat treatments and their effect on the microstructure also need to be understood. This study evaluated the microstructure of SLM specimens of Inconel 718 after various heat treatments and compared the resulting effect on the quasi-static mechanical properties.
Hip Dysplasia in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Neuromuscular hip dysplasia is common in children with cerebral palsy, especially those with GMFCS IV or V functional level. The pathophysiology of progressive hip subluxation and dislocation comes from abnormal muscle tone superimposed over growth and developmental delay. Proactive surgical care in the form of soft tissue releases and hip osteotomy is successful in stopping progressive subluxation and dislocation. Neglected hip dysplasia in CP leads to painful dislocations that can be treated with salvage surgical procedures but with lower success rates than preventive and reconstructive techniques.
We Have Made the Mediterranean; Now We Must Make Mediterraneans

This chapter aims to explore the contribution of Italian critical theory to the idea of Mediterranean-ness. Informed by the performative discoursive mold of “making Italians,” the writings of Franco Cassano (Southern Thought) and Iain Chambers (Mediterranean Crossings) have projected the image of an equivalence between Southern-ness and Mediterranean-ness in the name of a counterhistoricist discourse in which the South finally finds itself to be the subject of its own thought. Building on their insights, this chapter proposes that the geocritical connection between South and Mediterranean is rooted historically in the permanence of an ancient matrix of non-identitarian form of belonging that has eluded precise definition, but has found echo in almost any literary or scholarly expression of the Mediterranean imaginary.
Abstract P369: Relation of Breast Arterial Calcification With Ankle Brachial Index

Presence of breast arterial calcification (BAC) has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), angiographically-defined coronary disease and with incident coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure. However, a relationship between BAC and peripheral vascular disease has not been established. The ankle brachial index (ABI) is an indicator of the severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that predicts future CVD risk. We utilized cross-sectional data collected at the baseline examination (2012-15) of the MultIethNic Study of BrEast ARterial Calcium Gradation and CardioVAscular Disease (MINERVA Study), a cohort study of 5,145 post-menopausal women who were members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California (KPNC) who were free of clinical CVD at baseline. Presence and gradation (in mg of calcium mass) of BAC in digital mammograms was ascertained with a validated densitometry method. ABI, the average of two ankle systolic pressure readings divided by the average of two brachial systolic pressure readings, was measured by trained and certified personnel after a ten-minute rest. A total of 3,693 women had complete data on all variables of interest; their mean (SD) age was 66 (4) years and 64% were white, 12% African-American, 14% Asian, 9% Latina and 1% mixed or other. While 28.2% presented with any detectable BAC (i.e., BAC mass > 0 mg), 5.4% had an ABI 1.40 and were excluded from analyses (none had BAC>0). Prevalence of ABI
Safe use of X window system protocol across a firewall

This paper describes a method for safe use of the X window system protocol across a firewall. The approach uses an agent in the communications stream to enforce an access control policy. Topics covered include risks, policy, implementation, and a summary of prototype efforts. Results can be applied to other distributed or client/server applications.
Creating a Community of Practice to Support Data Linkage Across Government Agencies

IntroductionSince 2008, our team has studied sites with strong track records of integrating cross-sector data to address complex social problems. We have identified best practices and are supporting 16 sites with individualized technical assistance and participation in a learning community to facilitate data sharing that leads to actionable intelligence. Objectives and ApproachThis presentation will provide an overview of our findings in studying established integrated data systems from across the United States, and a summary of our efforts in supporting the development of new integrated data systems (IDS). Specifically, we will answer: What are the core features of integrated data systems (IDS) needed to support data linkage across government agencies? How can sites develop these core features to facilitate data sharing, and ultimately, actionable intelligence? What are the common roadblocks to successfully sharing data across agency siloes? How can these roadblocks be addressed to create a sustainable data sharing ecosystem? ResultsAgencies collect vast amounts of data, yet struggle to assess program impacts due to data siloes. The ability to link data across agencies to develop potential policy and service improvements is difficult, and at times, impossible. This technical assistance supports a different approach. Our Integrated Data System (IDS) Learning Community initiative is an 18-month engagement for sites selected through a competitive process. As of September 2018, sites will be 11 months into the IDS development process. This presentation will discuss site-based approaches to facilitate data sharing, with an emphasis on governance, foundational agreements, data management and security, and stakeholder driven processes that ensure ethical use of data. This discussion will include progress to date, common challenges and solutions to developing an IDS. Conclusion/ImplicationsWhile there is broad agreement in the value of integrating data across domains, developing the capacity and skills necessary to link administrative data for policy evaluation and research remains an elusive goal. Initial results indicate that an individualized yet collaborative technical assistance approach is successful in developing data integration capacity.
Hyaline membrane disease (HMD): an historical and Oslerian perspective

Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) offers an illustration of a disease discovered during the lifetime of William Osler and effectively treated in the twentieth century-the perspective that suggests that there was a straightforward progressive identification of the disease process, a discovery of the underlying biochemical agent responsible for the pathophysiology, and the pharmacological refinement of that agent to be used to treat the disease is illusory. By reviewing the timeline from the earliest pathological description of what was to be later termed HMD to the discovery of surfactant and its impact on infant mortality, this narrative will demonstrate how various random historical events served to affect the progress of developing a treatment for HMD; how the marked reduction in deaths due to HMD may have set the stage for unrealistic expectations; and how the humanities have warned us of the potential for excessive optimism in our understanding of nature.
Review: Ernest Weissmann: Socially Engaged Architecture, 1926–1939, by Tamara Bjažić Klarin

Tamara Bjažic Klarin Ernest Weissmann: Socially Engaged Architecture, 1926–1939 Zagreb: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2015, 350 pp., 226 b/w illus. $57 (paper), ISBN 9789531541893 Tamara Bjažic Klarin's Ernest Weissmann , published in both Serbo-Croatian and English, is the first scholarly monograph available on this little-known yet highly significant figure in the history of modern architecture and urbanism. Based on extensive archival research, Klarin, described here as a “longtime associate of the Croatian Museum of Architecture,” offers a definitive and well-illustrated account of Weissmann's European career before 1939. She has consulted many Serbo-Croatian language archives in Zagreb and elsewhere in the former Yugoslavia, as well as the Bauhaus Archive in Berlin and the Ernest Weissmann Archive, which is now available at the Frances Loeb Library, Harvard Graduate School of Design. Ernest Weissmann (1903–85) grew up in the Croatian capital of Zagreb, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He received his diploma in architecture there in 1926 from the Department of Architecture at the Technical School of Higher Education, today the University of Zagreb. In the late 1920s he moved to Paris and worked with Adolf Loos on the Tristan Tzara House in Montmartre (1927–29). With the help of Gabriel Guevrekian, Weissmann then joined Le Corbusier's atelier around the same time as Josep Lluis Sert, Charlotte Perriand, and Kunio Maekawa. These associates, all then working on the Centrosoyuz project in Moscow, would later be central figures in the Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne, founded in 1928. Once back …
Which ingroup, when? Effects of gender, partisanship, veteran status, and evaluator identities on candidate evaluations

Military service is acknowledged as one of many elements voters use to evaluate candidates, but it has primarily been studied as a univariate element of a candidate’s biography. This project experi...
Understanding the Origin of 2D Self-Assembly of TricarbazoleMacrocycles: An Integrated Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Dynamics Study

The intermolecular interactions underlying self-assembly are important for designing supramolecular architectures with defined function and composition over various length scales. Here, an integrated quantum mechanical/molecular dynamics (QM/MD) approach is introduced to explore the intermolecular interactions governing the two-dimensional self-assembly of a shape-persistent macrocycle, that is, tricarbazolo triazolophane (tricarb), on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Three structural motifs (row, zig-zag, and rosette) for the self-association and growth of tricarb oligomers are analyzed using dispersion-corrected density functional theory to reveal their relative stability. QM analysis shows that the major factor in the self-assembly, via H-bonding contributions to the interaction energies, originates from favorable local dipole orientations between triazole units in the zig-zag and rosette motifs. Closing of the macrocyclic loop leads to the formation of a tertiary structure, which induces stab...
Identification of traits and functional connectivity-based neurotraits of chronic pain.

Psychological and personality factors, socioeconomic status, and brain properties all contribute to chronic pain but have essentially been studied independently. Here, we administered a broad battery of questionnaires to patients with chronic back pain (CBP) and collected repeated sessions of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain scans. Clustering and network analyses applied on the questionnaire data revealed four orthogonal dimensions accounting for 56% of the variance and defining chronic pain traits. Two of these traits—Pain-trait and Emote-trait—were associated with back pain characteristics and could be related to distinct distributed functional networks in a cross-validation procedure, identifying neurotraits. These neurotraits showed good reliability across four fMRI sessions acquired over five weeks. Further, traits and neurotraits all related to the income, emphasizing the importance of socioeconomic status within the personality space of chronic pain. Our approach is a first step in providing metrics aimed at unifying the psychology and the neurophysiology of chronic pain applicable across diverse clinical conditions.
Memristor design rules for dynamic learning and edge processing applications

The ability to dynamically learn and adapt to changes in the environment is one of the hallmarks of biological systems. In this work, we identify the subset of the design space of memristive materials that is optimal for dynamic learning applications. Using an architecture inspired on the learning center of the insect brain, we implement a model system consisting of a discrete implementation of spiking neurons where dynamic learning takes place on a set of plastic synapses formed by memristor pairs in a crossbar array. Using two separate benchmarks, one comprising the dynamic learning of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset and another one targeting one shot learning, we have identified the key properties that memristive materials should have to be optimal dynamic learners. The results obtained show that a fine degree of control of the memristor internal state is key to achieve high classification accuracy during dynamic learning but that within this optimal region learning is extremely robust both to device variability and to errors in the writing of the internal state, in all cases allowing for 2σ variations greater than 40% without significant loss of accuracy, hence overcoming two of the perceived limitations of memristors. By additionally requiring that learning takes place concurrently to information processing, we are able to derive a set constraints to the memristor dynamics.