cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iterative parallelism as research praxis: embracing the discursive incommensurability of scholarship and everyday politics

Discussions of geography's role outside the academy have tended toward arguments for greater public relevance, either by revising the discipline's empirical foci, or by adopting more public-oriented or activist approaches to research. While we are sympathetic to these ideas, we see an inherent tension between the discursive goals of academic scholarship and the everyday political world beyond it. Political discourse makes productive use of signifiers for which multiple meanings already exist, and gains power by exploiting their ambiguity. Academic discourse, on the other hand, seeks to clarify meanings through definitions and carefully delimited empirics in order to elucidate new ideas. We argue that the recognition and appreciation of these divergent discursive goals can serve efforts to make geographic scholarship more widely relevant if scholars make academic contributions iteratively parallel to political ones, rather than attempting to blend the two as a simultaneous practice. Scholarship that works to produce and utilise analytical terms of art within scholarly discourses to more accurately describe political processes can enable new critiques and the imagination of new political possibilities that are difficult to conceptualise from within everyday political discourses. The most strategic way for a scholar to make a political intervention, however, is to frame the suggestion within existing political discourses. Therefore, contributions in each discourse serve specific, unique purposes. The two discourses can also usefully play off of each other. When new political practices arise in the everyday political realm, new research projects can usefully evaluate their impacts to inform further suggestions for political interventions. We elucidate these ideas in three principles to guide an academic praxis of iterative parallelism for scholars interested in making political impacts alongside their scholarship.
PS2-13: Personalized Physician Learning Intervention to Improve Hypertension Control: Randomized Trial Comparing Two Methods of Physician Profiling

Background/Aims To assess the impact of personalized physician learning (PPL) interventions using simulated learning cases on control of hypertension and dyslipidemias in primary care settings.
Formation Principles for Templated Vanadium Selenite Oxalates

A set of formation principles governing organically templated vanadium selenite oxalates are described in the context of nine new compounds. The compositions of the reaction mixture dictate the form of the secondary building units from which [(VO)2(C2O4)(SeO3)2]n2n– layers are constructed. The strength of hydrogen-bonding interactions is maximized in these compounds, directly affecting the orientations of the organic ammonium cations and enabling amine packing efficiency to affect layer tessellation. The orientations of selenite stereoactive lone pairs are driven by the minimization of internal void space. Compound symmetry can be directed to chiral space groups through the use of chiral components, with the use of either (R)-2-methylpiperazine or (S)-2-methylpiperazine, resulting in noncentrosymmetric, polar, chiral structures that crystallize in the space group P21 (No. 4).
Flow Simulation in Solid Rocket Motors Using Advanced CFD

This paper describes a recently developed flow solver intended for the simulation of solid rocket motors. It solves the integral form of the 3-D Euler/NavierStokes equations on moving and/or deforming grids. The grids are structured and can be composed of an arbitrary number of blocks. The object oriented design of the flow solver enables an easy addition of physical modules for the modeling of turbulence, particles, smoke, species and radiation. The solver contains a module to move the interior grid including the block boundaries according to the boundary deformation. Furthermore, the flow solver is able to exchange data with an exterior program through a set of standard interfaces. This feature is used to supply the flow solver with boundary conditions (e.g. related to the burning surface) as well as with the movement of the surface grid due to burn back and/or structural deformation. The numerical schemes utilized and the implementation are described in some detail. The accuracy of the new flow solver is demonstrated for three solid rocket motors.
Effects of Insecticides on Pediobius foveolatus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Parasitoid of the Mexican Bean Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

We studied the effects of insecticides on Pedtobius foveolatus (Crawford), a parasitoid of the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna vartvestts Mulsant. Acephate, carbaryl, carbophenothion, dimethoate, encapsulated methyl parathion, and methomyl (two formulations) were applied by helicopter to a soybean field at normally recommended rates. The effects on immature parasitoids were assessed by exposing parasitized hosts at the time of application. Adult parasitoid mortality was assessed by exposing females to field residue samples. Insecticide applications had no effect on the survival of mature pupae of P. foveolatus. However, prepupae and young pupae were vulnerable, especially to methyl parathion and acephate. The residues of parathion and carbaryl caused high adult mortalities for 6 to 9 days following application. The remaining insecticide residues dissipated to nontoxic levels after 1 to 3 days. It was concluded that acephate, dimethoate, and methomyl were most promising for developing a Mexican bean beetle management program involving P. foveolatus.
Chlorpromazine; a major advance in psychiatric treatment.

(1954). Chlorpromazine—A Major Advance in Psychiatric Treatment. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 297-299.
Mechanisms of Hypoxemia and Hypercapnia in the Perioperative Period

Abstract There are numerous mechanisms of hypoxemia and hypercapnia during the perioperative period. Mechanisms of hypoxemia include oxygen delivery problems, decreased FAC-CC relationship, hypoventilation, decreased cardiac output, increased oxygen consumption, decreased hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and increased nonalveolar right-to-left shunting. Mechanisms of hypocapnia include increased carbon dioxide production, increased alveolar dead space, and increased external dead spaces. Pulmonary diseases often involve multiple mechanisms to produce hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
Imaginary Worlds: The Status of Modeled Economic Evaluation Claims Published in Value in Health January 2015 to December 2015

The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which modeled or simulated cost-effectiveness claims published in Value in Health in 2015 meet the standards of normal science. To meet these standards, modeled or simulated claims must be credible. They must be capable of empirical evaluation and replication. If these standards are not met then such claims run the risk of being labeled as pseudoscience. Following a systematic review of all publications in Value in Health, 16 papers were identified. Of these 14 presented a cost-per-QALY analysis, with 9 presenting their claims for comparative effectiveness in a lifetime cost-per-QALY framework. With the focus of the assessment on whether or not these studies generated testable claims, none of the studies met this standard. They were best seen as thought experiments or imaginary worlds. Recipients of such claims can of course, on the one hand, reject them outright as not meeting accepted standards in normal science. After all, QALYs are never collected by health care systems and are unlikely to be collected. This means that the outcome metrics are untestable and may never have been intended to be tested. On the other hand, if the recipient believes that the model or simulation provides a sufficient correspondence to reality then the claims made are necessarily entailed. The issue of testing is irrelevant to the belief in the credibility of the claims. The modeled or simulated claims are immune to failure. The review concluded that none of the claims presented were in a testable form and that while 7 (at most) of the studies had the potential to generate testable claims, the rest were immune to failure. In the absence of testable claims, the studies reviewed are most appropriately characterized as imaginary worlds or thought experiments. Type: Commentary
Thermal lethality of salmonella in chicken leg quarters processed via an air/steam impingement oven.

Chicken leg quarters were injected with 0.1 ml of the cocktail culture per cm2 of the product surface area to contain about 7 log(CFU/g) of Salmonella. The inoculated leg quarters were processed in an air/steam impingement oven at an air temperature of 232°C, an air velocity of 1.4 m/s, and a relative humidity of 43%. The endpoint product temperatures were correlated with the cooking times. A model was developed for pathogen thermal lethality up to 7 log(CFU/g) reductions of Salmonella in correlation to the product mass (140 to 540 g) and cooking time (5 to 35 min). The results from this study are useful for validating thermal lethality of pathogens in poultry products that are cooked via impingement ovens.
Joint Compensation of IQ Imbalance and Phase Noise in OFDM Systems

The joint effects of IQ imbalance and phase noise on OFDM systems are analyzed, and a compensation scheme is proposed to improve the system performance. The scheme consists of a joint channel estimation algorithm and a joint data symbol estimation algorithm. In the proposed channel estimation algorithm, the channel coefficients are jointly estimated with the IQ imbalance parameters and the phase noise components. Its performance is demonstrated to be close to the associated Cramer-Rao lower bound. In the proposed data symbol estimation algorithm, the joint compensation is decomposed into IQ imbalance compensation and phase noise compensation. It is shown both by theory and computer simulations that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver. As a result, the sensitivity of OFDM receivers to the physical impairments can be significantly lowered, simplifying the RF and analog circuitry design in terms of implementation cost, power consumption, and silicon fabrication yield.
Design Of Safer Roadside Structural Elements

Structural design of roadside appurtenances such as signs, lighting posts, and guardrails should be such that they inflict minimum damage to highway users when and if the appurtenances are struck by vehicles. Sign and lighting posts that cannot be located 30 ft from the lane edge can utilize breakaway post details recently developed which cause the post to fail relatively easily when hit by a vehicle. Beam type guard-rail should be blocked out, have 6 ft-3 in. post spacing, and should be anchored. Lateral clearances to bridge piers or abutments should be 30 ft from lane edge when possible. Full approach shoulders should be provided on nearly all bridges. Safety and aesthetics are compatible. A selected bibliography is included.
Active sites in copper proteins an electronic structure overview

A detailed picture of the unique electronic structure of active sites in copper proteins is essential to our understanding of their biological functions. This has been achieved through a combination of complementary spectroscopic techniques, chemical perturbations, and parallel studies on copper complexes which serve as spectral analogues. These studies provide a basis for the generation of a “spectroscopically effective” picture of the active site and allow a correlation of changes in geometric and electronic structure with variation in function. When combined with high-resolution crystallographic information, single crystal spectral studies allow a correlation of electronic features with specific geometric features and provide a great deal of insight into the bonding at the site.
The Twenty-First Century Delivery of Legal Services: Thoughts for Legal Education

The twenty-first century lawyer will face rapid and unsettling changes in the way legal services are delivered. Legal futurists foresee many aspects of legal services being delivered more efficiently with the use of technology. For example, future breakthroughs in artificial intelligence may expand the ability to automate many tasks that currently require the skill of a lawyer. Similarly, less complex legal services such as the drafting of wills and trusts are being commoditized and provided more quickly and cheaply by new market entrants, such as LegalZoom, which provide on-line documents to millions of satisfied consumers. Additionally, new categories of licensed legal professionals are beginning to challenge established models of delivering legal services, and will continue to do so. These changes are all, and will continue to be, disruptive. Although every business faces disruptive changes at some point, in the legal services area these changes involve unique issues, particularly when they encounter the barriers that control entry into a regulated profession that is intertwined with the judicial branch of government. For example, as new technologies and market players increase the public's access to legal services, questions arise about how to define and protect the fundamental values of the legal profession, how to maintain the independence of lawyers and the judicial branch, how to define the practice of law, and how to increase the public's access to affordable and competent legal services. For legal educators, it can be challenging-and often impossible-to imagine how these changes will affect our students during their professional careers. Furthermore, although we can envision some of the changes on the horizon, others are not yet within view. Within this framework, legal education needs to prepare students for the future. This essay examines three categories of disruptive changes that will be relevant to the future delivery of legal services-technological advancements, new regulated categories of legal professionals, and new unregulated market players. During their careers, today's law students will have to grapple with how these changes will affect the legal profession and access to legal services. This essay provides some thoughts for legal educators about preparing law students for this task. Part I of this essay will give a brief overview of the three changes and how they may impact the future delivery of legal services. Part II will discuss how these changes challenge the identity and values of the legal profession and how these challenges should impact the future of legal education.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of 15Cr-5Ni Stainless Steel Produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

This research work examines the mechanical behavior of 15Cr-5Ni stainless steel parts produced by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). The main objective of this research is to identify the influence of low-temperature precipitation hardening on tensile properties and fracture toughness of DMLS fabricated specimens. Test specimens were fabricated according to ASTM E8/M8 and ASTM E399 standards using EOS M290 laser sintering machine. Following DMLS specimens were subjected to precipitation hardening for an hour at a temperature of 486 °C. To evaluate the influence of heat treatment on mechanical properties of the DMLS produced parts, tension tests and linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness tests were performed at the room temperature. Furthermore, microscopic observation of fractured surface was performed to study the failure mechanisms in more detail. The outcomes indicated that the post-DMLS heat treatment improves mechanical properties in the terms of yield stress, Young’s modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. However, this process has a negligible negative effect on the ductility. Moreover, the fracture toughness test results indicated ductile fracture mechanism in the DMLS produced specimens while the specimens were subjected to precipitation hardening demonstrates brittle fracture.
Fans, Friends, Advocates, Ambassadors, and Haters: Social Media Communities and the Communicative Constitution of Organizational Identity:

Organizational identity is always somewhat socially co-authored. The social-media context provides an opportunity to interrogate the extent of this co-authoring in an interaction-heavy and difficul...
Familial thrombophilia associated with fibrinogen paris V: Dusart syndrome.

We report on a family with a history of venous thromboembolism associated with fibrinogen Paris V (fibrinogen A-Arg554→Cys). Ten members experienced thrombotic events, including 4 with fatal pulmonary emboli. Pulmonary embolism was the presenting feature in 4. Those with the mutation and a history of thrombosis had somewhat higher fibrinogen concentrations than those with the mutation and no thrombosis (294 ± 70 mg/dL vs 217 ± 37 mg/dL, respectively). The Paris V mutation consistently caused a prolongation of the reptilase time, and fibrin clots containing the abnormal fibrinogen were more translucent than normal clots. Given the early onset of symptoms and the initial presentation with pulmonary embolism in some family members, it was justifiable to offer prophylactic anticoagulation with warfarin to carriers of the mutation. Fibrinogen Paris V has now been reported in 4 apparently unrelated families, indicating that it is a relatively common cause of dysfibrinogenemia-associated thrombosis.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENYEBAB GASTRITIS DENGAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN GASTRITIS

Sebagian besar masyarakat menganggap bahwa penyakit sistem pencernaan (gastritis) adalah dikarenakan pola makan yang salah atau tidak teratur. Untuk memperbaiki pola makan maka diperlukan pengetahuan yang baik dan perilaku yang positif karena akan mempengaruhi bagaimana seseorang melakukan tindakan pencegahan agar gastritis tidak terjadi. Tujuanan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang penyebab gastritis dengan perilaku pencegahan gastritis pada Mahasiswa S.1 Keperawatan Universitas Muhamadiyah Banjarmasin. Subjek yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa S.1 Keperawatan dengan sampel sebanyak 277 responden yang diambil menggunakan tehnik accidental sampling dan uji statistik menggunakan Spearman Rank. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang penyebab gastritis dengan perilaku pencegahan gastritis dengan nilai P = 0,000 < I± 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan masyarakat dan khususnya mahasiswa dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan penyebab gastritis.
Thermodynamic Aspects of the Application of Ceramics/Refractories in Advanced Energy Technologies

The present paper is concerned with equilibrium relations in refractory materials and their reaction products with coal-ash slags in slagging coal gasifiers. Phases containing chromium oxide have shown exceptional resistance to corrosion in such gasifiers. High-temperature equilibrium data on systems involving chromium oxide as a component at various oxygen partial pressures are discussed. Particular attention is given to the presence of Cr2+ in silicate melts under strongly reducing conditions. It is shown that the latter may cause large decreases in liquidus and solidus temperatures compared to those prevailing under more oxidizing conditions.
Capitation payment, length of visit, and preventive services: evidence from a national sample of outpatient physicians.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that capitation payment to physicians reduces the length of physician-patient encounters but increases use of preventive and health counseling services. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey of outpatient physicians and their office staff (1997 and 1998). PATIENTS AND METHODS A random national sample of 46,320 ambulatory care visits was used. Weight-adjusted multivariate regression techniques were utilized to examine the effects of capitation on duration of physician visit and number of preventive and health counseling services. RESULTS Physicians spent 5.6% less time (P < .01) with patients in capitated plans than with those in noncapitated plans. The effect of payment method on length of visit was 3.5 times stronger among physicians receiving only capitated payment, compared with physicians receiving only noncapitated payment. Patients in capitated plans were 17% more likely to receive health counseling services (P < .01) than patients in noncapitated plans. Patients under capitation were 3% more likely to receive preventive services compared to patients in non-health maintenance organizations, noncapitated plans (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Capitation is associated with a modest decrease in the amount of time physicians spend with their patients and with increased receipt of preventive and health counseling services, on average. These trends are driven by physicians who receive capitated payment predominantly. Physicians with a mix of patients from capitated and noncapitated plans spend approximately equal time with each type of patient, which reflects an ethic of impartiality in medical judgment.
IT incident management by analyzing incident relations

IT incident management aims to maintain high levels of service quality and availability by restoring normal service operations as quickly as possible and minimizing business impact. Enterprises often maintain many applications to support their business. It is a significant challenge to diagnose incidents at application level due to complicated causes often aggregated from the shared IT environment, network, hardware, software, and changes. In this paper, we present a new approach to diagnosing application incidents by effectively searching for relevant co-occurring and reoccurring incidents. These relevant incidents reveal patterns of application failures and provide insights into incident resolution and prevention. This paper also provides a case study where we implement this approach and evaluate its performance in terms of search accuracy.
The More Things Change: Buprenorphine/naloxone Diversion Continues While Treatment Remains Inaccessible.

Objectives Buprenorphine/naloxone, an evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder, is sometimes diverted for non-medical use. In Rhode Island, the prevalence of opioid use and, more recently, of fentanyl in the illicit drug supply is driving overdose fatalities, which increases the need for treatment and raises questions about the changing role of diverted medication in shaping overdose risk. Methods This study considered data from 2 Rhode Island based studies (conducted in 2009 and 2016, respectively) of people who use illicit or diverted prescription opioids and their patterns of buprenorphine/naloxone diversion. Using targeted sampling, individuals who use opioids completed a brief questionnaire about their drug use. For the 2016 study, logistic regression was used to identify associations with recent and lifetime use of diverted medication. Results A total of 128 individuals who use opioids non-medically participated in the 2016 study. Of these, 38% (n = 13) reported diverted buprenorphine/naloxone use in the past 2 months, similar to the pattern observed in 2009 (41%, n = 41). Common motivations for using diverted medication included the management of withdrawal symptoms (40%, n = 35) and self-treatment of opioid use disorder (39%, n = 34). Few reported using to "get high" (12%, n = 4). Seeking buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in the previous 12 months was positively associated with using diverted medication in the past 2 months (odds ratio = 5.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.0-26.5, P = 0.05). Participants of both studies reported the same barriers to care in 2009 and 2016. Conclusion The use of diverted/buprenorphine remains common among people who use opioids non-medically and indicates a severe shortage in treatment capacity and inaccessibility of existing services.
Andromeda’s violent past

The Andromeda galaxy’s stellar halo and disk show signs of an active recent merger history. Recent work suggests that most of the disturbances in Andromeda’s disk and the inner halo may be due to a single merger event.
Institutional Arbitrages, Institutional Change, and Reverse Merger Firms' Performance

Although lax disclosure requirements for reverse mergers (RMs) expose investments in RM firms to a significant lemons problem and uncertainty, RM remains as a popular method of going public, and RM...
The Incremental Value Relevance of Media Coverage of Earnings Announcements: Evidence from the Trading of Short Sellers

We investigate the relation between media coverage and the trading behavior of short sellers around earnings announcements, an event which garners significant market attention. Prior research finds conflicting evidence on the role of the media in the price discovery process. We find that short sellers increase their activity in line with the tone of media coverage around earnings announcements, after controlling for earnings news and other variables that affect relative levels of short selling. This evidence is consistent with media coverage disseminating incremental value relevant information to sophisticated capital market traders. Furthermore, we show that information in the media successfully forecasts earnings information in the days leading up to the earnings announcement, and that short sellers trade in a manner consistent with information provided in media coverage preceding the earnings announcement. Our findings are consistent with the media facilitating the price discovery process around the release of earnings.
A comprehensive mechanism for liquid-phase decomposition of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoctane (HMX): Thermolysis experiments and detailed kinetic modeling

Abstract The nitramines 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoctane (HMX), and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) are energetic materials commonly used in solid propellants and explosives. In order to predict ignition and deflagration of propellants containing these ingredients, their thermal decomposition behaviors must be thoroughly understood. In this study, the thermal decomposition of HMX was investigated using synergetic application of experimental and computational methods. Mole fraction profiles of the gaseous decomposition products evolving from the liquid-phase HMX were obtained using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for two types of thermolysis experiments – thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and confined rapid thermolysis (CRT). Four heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min) in TGA experiments and four set temperatures (290, 300, 310 and 320 °C) in CRT experiments were considered. In the TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results, steep mass loss and rapid decomposition were observed after the melting of the HMX at 280 °C. CH2O and N2O were identified as the major decomposition products. Smaller quantities of H2O, HCN, NO and NO2, CO and CO2 were also formed. In the complementary computational study, liquid-phase elementary reactions were investigated using quantum mechanics calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory with the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM). A zero-dimensional model was developed to simulate the TGA and CRT experiments based on conservation of mass and species in the condensed-phase and the gas-phase control volumes. The predicted mass loss and gas-phase mole fraction profiles of the decomposition products are in good agreements with the corresponding experimental results, indicating that the comprehensive mechanism proposed here captures the important reactions occurring during liquid-phase decomposition of HMX.
Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Targets B Cells in Lethal Human Infections

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne banyangvirus and is associated with high fatality. Despite increasing incidence of SFTS and serious public health concerns in East Asia, the pathogenesis of lethal SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in humans is not fully understood. Numbers of postmortem examinations to determine target cells of the viral infection have so far been limited. Here we showed that B cells differentiating into plasmablasts and macrophages in secondary lymphoid organs were targets for SFTSV at the end stage of lethal infection, and the majority of SFTSV-infected cells were B cell-lineage lymphocytes. In affected individuals, B cell-lineage lymphocytes with SFTSV infection were widely distributed in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs, and infiltration of these cells into the capillaries of the organs could be observed occasionally. Moreover, a human plasmablastic lymphoma cell line, PBL-1, was susceptible to SFTSV propagation and had a similar immunophenotype to that of target cells of SFTSV in fatal SFTS. PBL-1 can therefore provide a potential in vitro model for human SFTSV infection. These results extend our understanding of the pathogenesis of human lethal SFTSV infection and can facilitate the development of SFTSV countermeasures.
Non-catastrophic perforation of a composite overwrapped pressure vessel

Abstract Most spacecraft have a pressurized tank on board, such as a liquid propellant tank or a breathable air supply tank. Because of the serious damage that might result following an on-orbit micro-meteoroid or orbital debris (MMOD) particle impact, a primary design consideration of such (often highly) pressurized tanks is the mitigation of the damage that might occur in the event of such an impact. While catastrophic failure (i.e. rupture) following a high-speed MMOD particle impact would be disastrous, a puncture and the resulting thrust caused by the expulsion of fluids or gas from the perforated tank could result in the de-stabilization of the spacecraft's orbit which could, in turn, also lead to loss of the spacecraft. As such, in the event that catastrophic failure does not occur, risk assessments must still consider whether or not a perforation of a pressurized tank might occur and, in the event of a perforation, what size hole is created by the impact. This paper presents the development of a ballistic limit equation for highly pressurized COPVs that would differentiate between combinations of impact parameters and operating conditions that would result in a hole (without rupture) in the front side of the impacted pressure vessel from those that would not. Empirical models for the hole-out area in the composite overwrap and in the interior liner material in the event of a front side perforation are also developed and discussed.
Learning by Exporting or Self-Selection into Exporting?

This paper explores the export-productivity relationship using firm-level data from Egypt over the 2003–2008 period. Previous studies using data from developed countries suggest that self-selection...
Allocating Remdesivir Under Scarcity: Social Justice or More Systemic Racism.

The recommendation to consider assigning priority to certain communities in order to mitigate or minimize the effects of existing health disparities has been featured in many scarce resource alloca...
Tweeting from the Bench: Twitter and the Physician-Scientist Benefits and Challenges

Social media platforms such as Twitter are increasingly utilized to interact, collaborate, and exchange information within the academic medicine community. However, as Twitter begins to become formally incorporated into professional meetings, educational activities, and even the consideration of academic promotion, it is critical to better understand both the benefits and challenges posed by this platform. Twitter use is rising amongst healthcare providers nationally and internationally, including in the field of hematology and oncology. Participation on Twitter at national conferences such as the annual meetings of American Society of Hematology (ASH) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has steadily increased over recent years. Tweeting can be used advantageously to cultivate opportunities for networking or collaboration, promote one’s research and increase access to other’s research, and provide efficient means of learning and educating. However, given the novelty of this platform and little formal training on its use, concerns regarding patient privacy, professionalism, and equity must be considered. These new technologies present unique opportunities for career development, networking, research advancement, and efficient learning. From “tweet ups” to Twitter journal clubs, physician-scientists are quickly learning how to capitalize on the opportunities that this medium offers. Yet caution must be exercised to ensure that the information exchanged is valid and true, that professionalism is maintained, that patient privacy is protected, and that this platform does not reinforce preexisting structural inequalities.
Multi-layered Diplomacy in a Global State

This final chapter will return to the themes of theory and practice, space and place, and the importance of examining the vertical axis. The goal will be to identify potential connections between the fields of International Relations and Native American Studies via a new understanding of sovereignty. This global approach would embrace cosmopolitan ideas of governance and diplomatic structures that honor the increasing number of sites of diplomacy and a notion of identity that extends from the local and/or tribal to the international. In a moment in which old hierarchical ideas of sovereignty and the physical, economic, and mental traumas inflicted by the global pandemic underway as this book went to press, are being used to shore up a form of patriotism that is isolationist and exclusionary. A recognition of the long-standing plurality already contained within ideas of sovereignties and diplomacies will be offered as a more fruitful way forward and toward a truly global “California for all”.
Machine learning for suicide risk prediction in children and adolescents with electronic health records

Accurate prediction of suicide risk among children and adolescents within an actionable time frame is an important but challenging task. Very few studies have comprehensively considered the clinical risk factors available to produce quantifiable risk scores for estimation of short- and long-term suicide risk for pediatric population. In this paper, we built machine learning models for predicting suicidal behavior among children and adolescents based on their longitudinal clinical records, and determining short- and long-term risk factors. This retrospective study used deidentified structured electronic health records (EHR) from the Connecticut Children's Medical Center covering the period from 1 October 2011 to 30 September 2016. Clinical records of 41,721 young patients (10-18 years old) were included for analysis. Candidate predictors included demographics, diagnosis, laboratory tests, and medications. Different prediction windows ranging from 0 to 365 days were adopted. For each prediction window, candidate predictors were first screened by univariate statistical tests, and then a predictive model was built via a sequential forward feature selection procedure. We grouped the selected predictors and estimated their contributions to risk prediction at different prediction window lengths. The developed predictive models predicted suicidal behavior across all prediction windows with AUCs varying from 0.81 to 0.86. For all prediction windows, the models detected 53-62% of suicide-positive subjects with 90% specificity. The models performed better with shorter prediction windows and predictor importance varied across prediction windows, illustrating short- and long-term risks. Our findings demonstrated that routinely collected EHRs can be used to create accurate predictive models for suicide risk among children and adolescents.
After-Action Review for AI (AAR/AI)

Explainable AI is growing in importance as AI pervades modern society, but few have studied how explainable AI can directly support people trying to assess an AI agent. Without a rigorous process, ...
Optimizing Data Locality and Termination Criterion for t-SNE

The t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is known to be a successful method at visualizing high-dimensional data, making it very popular in the machine-learning and data analysis community, especially recently. However, there are two glaring unaddressed problems: (a) Existing GPU accelerated implementations of t-SNE do not account for the poor data locality present in the computation. This results in sparse matrix computations being a bottleneck during execution, especially for large data sets. (b) Another problem is the lack of an effective stopping criterion in the literature. In this paper, we report an improved GPU implementation that uses sparse matrix re-ordering to improve t-SNE's memory access pattern and a novel termination criterion that is better suited for visualization purposes. The proposed methods result in up to 4.63 x end-to-end speedup and provide a practical stopping metric, potentially preventing the algorithm from terminating prematurely or running for an excessive amount of iterations. These developments enable high-quality visualizations and accurate analyses of complex large data sets containing up to 10 million data points and requiring thousands of iterations for convergence.
Travel time models for tier-to-tier SBS/RS with different storage assignment policies and shuttle dispatching rules

Abstract This paper explores both random and class-based storage policies and three shuttle dispatching rules, random, distance-based, and demand-rate based, for a tier-to-tier shuttle-based storage and retrieval system (SBS/RS). Modeling the system as a discrete-time Markov Chain, this study derived the shuttle distribution under each policy combination, and further developed the expected travel time models for both single-command (SC) and dual-command (DC) operations. The developed models can help a warehouse designer or manager to comprehensively make four decisions for SBS/RS, whether SC or DC operations should be adopted, the most appropriate storage policy, the best shuttle dispatching rule, and the number of shuttles. The travel time models can evaluate each possible policy combination quickly through multiple criteria, such as the capacity, customer responsiveness, and costs of shuttles. Numerical experiments showed significant impacts of the policy combination on the expected travel time. Class-based storage, if implementable, is always better than random storage under each combination of shuttle dispatching rule and operational mode (i.e., SC or DC). Under random storage and SC operations, the distance-based shuttle dispatching rule is always better than the random rule, and their difference is concave in the number of shuttles. When classed-based storage is adopted and the number of shuttles is small, the demand-rate-based rule is the best under SC operations. Its benefit becomes more obvious when demand rates become more heterogeneous until some point but decreases as the system has more shuttles. Under DC Operations, depending on equipment speeds, the distance-based shuttle dispatching rule can be worse than the random rule under random storage. Under class-based storage and DC operations, the demand-rate-based rule is still the best when demand rates are heterogeneous. The differences between SC and DC operations are more significant when demand rates are more homogenous. When a system wants to be more responsive to customers, it should be run under SC operations. If the overall capacity is of interest, DC operations are much better.
Detectors for Trace Organic Analysis by Liquid Chromatography: Principles and Applications

Although liquid column chromatography (LC) had been used as a means of chemical separation for many years prior to 1969, it was not accepted as a method useful for rapid, routine analysis, due to the relatively long times required to achieve resolution. Significant theoretical and technological advances have since been made in this field, and excellent separations can now be achieved within a few minutes using high-efficiency LC column packings. Liquid chromatography offers many advantages over gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) in that no restrictions are placed on the size, volatility, or thermal stability of the sample molecules. In addition, LC offers tremendous flexibility in the choice of mobile and stationary phases such that most sample components can be conveniently resolved using some appropriate combination of mobile and stationary phases.
Predicative Analogy and Cognition

The most prevalent sense of ‘analogy’ in cognitive science and AI literature, which I refer to as predictive analogy, is the process of inferring further similarities between two given situations based on some existing similarities. Though attempts to validate predictive analogy on logical grounds have been singularly unsuccessful, it is claimed that all the empirical evidence points to the usefulness of predictive analogy in cognition. In this article I critically analyze this claim. I argue that the classroom experiments by cognitive psychologists to demonstrate predictive analogy as a problem-solving heuristic do not really do so. Moreover, the few studies of real-world problem-solving situations definitely point away from predictive analogy. I present some examples where predictive analogy prevents one from seeing things as they are, thereby hindering cognition. Having exposed its ‘dark side’, I argue for a balanced perspective where predictive analogy is best seen as a psychological process that is as likely to be a liability as an asset to cognition.
Mouse models for studying pain in sickle disease: effects of strain, age, and acuteness.

Clinical management of severe pain associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains challenging. Development of optimal therapy would be facilitated by use of murine model(s) with varying degrees of sickling and pain tests that are most sensitive to vasoocclusion. We found that young (≤3 month old) NY1DD and S+SAntilles mice (having modest and moderate sickle phenotype, respectively) exhibit evidence of deep tissue/musculoskeletal pain. Deep tissue pain and cold sensitivity in S+SAntilles mice increased significantly with both age and incitement of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). C57/BL6 mice (genetic background strain of NY1DD and S+SAntilles) were hypersensitive to mechanical and heat stimuli, even without the sickle transgene. H/R treatment of HbSS-BERK mice with severe sickle phenotype resulted in significantly decreased withdrawal thresholds and enhanced mechanical, thermal and deep tissue hyperalgesia. Deep hyperalgesia incited by H/R in HbSS-BERK was ameliorated by CP 55940, a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Thus, assessment of deep tissue pain appears to be the most sensitive measure for studying pain mechanisms across mouse models of SCD, and HbSS-BERK mice may best model vaso-occlusive and chronic pain of SCD.
Accounting for Spatial Autocorrelation in the 2004 Presidential Popular Vote: A Reassessment of the Evidence

Ordinary least squares econometric approaches to estimating election vote outcomes potentially ignore spatial dependence (or autocorrelation) in the data that may affect estimates of voting behavior. The presence of spatial autocorrelation in the data can yield biased or inconsistent point estimates when ordinary least squares is used inappropriately. Therefore, this paper puts forward a spatial econometric model to estimate the vote outcomes in the 2004 presidential election. We contribute to the literature in two ways. One, we extend the voting behavior literature by considering newly developed spatial specification tests to determine the proper econometric model. The results of two different spatial specification tests suggest that a spatial Durbin model provides a better fit to the data. Two, we offer a richer interpretation of the spatial effects, which differ from standard ordinary least squares estimates, of the county-level vote outcome for the 2004 presidential election.
ACT-R meets fMRI

ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought - Rational) is a theory and computational model of human cognitive architecture. It consists of a set of modules with their own buffers, each devoted to processing a different kind of information. A production rule in the core production system can be fired based on the chunks in these buffers and then it changes the chunks in the buffer of the related modules or the state of the related modules, which may leads to fire a new production rule and so on to generate the cognitive behavior. It has successfully predicted and explained a broad range of cognitive psychological phenomena and found applications in the human-computer interface and other areas (see http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu) and may have potential applications in Web intelligence. In recent years, a series of fMRI experiments have been performed to explore the neural basis of cognitive architecture and to build a two-way bridge between the information processing model and fMRI. The patterns of the activations of brain areas corresponding to the buffers of the major modules in ACT-R were highly consistent across these experiments; and ACT-R has successfully predicted the Blood Oxygenation Level-Depend (BOLD) effect in these regions. The approach of ACT-R meets fMRI may shed light on the research of Web Intelligence (WI) meets Brain Informatics (BI).
Complexity of contact lens fitting after refractive surgery.

Abstract PURPOSE: To quantify and describe the complexity of contact lens correction on corneas altered by refractive surgery. DESIGN: A case-control study involving postrefractive surgery patients and controls from one multidisciplinary contact lens practice. METHODS: The contact lens care of one randomly selected eye of 30 postrefractive surgery patients (15 postincisional and 15 postlamellar refractive surgery cases) was retrospectively analyzed and compared with that of 30 age-and-gender matched nonrefractive surgery controls. We quantified the complexity by the number of diagnostic lenses used to establish the initial lens order, the number of ordered lenses required to complete the fit, and the number of office visits during the first 4 months of lens care. Final contact lens optical powers, corrected visual acuities, complications, and lens success/failure were also studied. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Postrefractive surgery eyes utilized statistically more diagnostic lenses ( P = .048), ordered lenses ( P = .008), and office visits ( P P = .06) between the two groups, contact lens corrected LogMAR acuities were statistically worse ( P = .013) in the postrefractive surgery eyes than in the control group. Contact lens failures occurred in four postrefractive surgery eyes, while no eyes in the control group failed to tolerate contact lenses. CONCLUSIONS: Corneas altered by either incisional or lamellar refractive surgery techniques are more challenging to fit with contact lenses than nonsurgically altered eyes, requiring more lenses and chair time, while resulting in slightly poorer contact lens corrected visions and more failures.
Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Future Alcohol Use in Patients with Co-occurring Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol Dependence: A Prospective Analysis in an 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial of Acamprosate

Background Bipolar disorders and alcohol use disorders commonly co-occur, yet little is known about the proximal impact of bipolar symptoms on alcohol use in patients with this comorbidity. The present study examined the impact of depressive symptoms and alcohol craving on proximal alcohol use in patients with co-occurring bipolar disorder and alcohol dependence.
Spin symmetry in e+e− annihilation into heavy mesons

Abstract We employ the spin symmetry of the heavy quark effective theory to discuss the exclusive total cross sections for the production of heavy mesons in electron-positron annihilation. We verify and extend the results derived previously on the basis of spin counting arguments by De Rujula, Georgi and Glashow.