cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk factor analysis for second-stage palliation of single ventricle anatomy.

Background Single ventricle hearts can be surgically palliated by a series of operations culminating in the Fontan procedure, which establishes a total cavopulmonary connection. The second-stage procedure creates a physiologic connection between the superior vena cava and the pulmonary artery. Methods From 1998 to 2010, 557 patients with single ventricle heart disease underwent second-stage surgical palliation. This cohort was retrospectively analyzed to assess patient outcome by a number of anatomic, physiologic, and procedural factors. The analysis excluded patients undergoing hybrid first-stage procedures. Results The median age at operation was 165 days (range, 59 days to 49 years). The most common anatomic subtypes were hypoplastic left heart syndrome (52%), tricuspid atresia (12%), unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect (10%), double inlet left ventricle (9%), or other (17%). Left ventricular hypoplasia was present in 70%. A hemi-Fontan procedure was done in 89%, and 11% received a bidirectional Glenn. Concomitant atrioventricular valve repair was necessary in 9%. Early mortality was 4.7%, and 5.9% died after discharge but before Fontan. No early or late deaths occurred in patients with tricuspid atresia and double inlet left ventricle. Multivariate analysis demonstrated ventricular dysfunction, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect were significant adverse risk factors for survival to Fontan. Conclusions Second-stage palliation can be performed at low risk for patients with left ventricular dominance, but significant risk remains for patients with left ventricular hypoplasia and unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect. Atrioventricular valve insufficiency is a persistent problem that has not been neutralized by repair strategies.
On a stochastic singular diffusion equation in Rd

Abstract We establish the existence and uniqueness of a strong solution to the Cauchy problem for a singular diffusion equation with random noise in R d with initial data in L 2 ( R d ) with bounded variation or in H 1 ( R d ) . We also prove the existence of an invariant measure and extinction of a solution in finite time.
Protein Modulators Made to Order

Small molecules were created by diversity-oriented synthesis and subsequently subjected to microarray-based screening for their ability to bind a protein of interest. This general two-step method proved powerful in generating highly specific modulators of protein function.
THE ROLE OF INFLATION‐ADJUSTED ACCOUNTING DATA IN CORPORATE RISK ANALYSIS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION*

: Both in the U.S. and abroad, certain large companies are required to report accounting data adjusted for the effect of changing prices. This study investigated the role of such adjusted accounting data in corporate risk analysis. Loan decision situations were constructed for a firm whose income from continuing operations reported in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 33 (SFAS 33) was drastically reduced. Questionnaires were mailed to 1,050 randomly selected bank lending officers (BLOs) in 240 banks in 40 states and the District of Columbia. A group of BLOs received no SFAS 33 data and served as a control. While most of the responding BLOs did not seem to use SFAS 33 data in making their decisions, those who reported that they used such data reached significantly different decisions from those of the control group. More specifically, the users evaluated the firm twice as risky and recommended significantly lower loans than the control group with respect to both short-term and long-term loans. Furthermore, the users spent significantly more time in data analysis and decision making than the control group.
Lanthanide complexes of the conjugate base of 3,4,5-trimethyl-1-hydroxypyrazole 2-oxide

Abstract Lanthanide metal ion complexes of 3,4,5-trimethyl-l-hydroxypryazole 2-oxide(HL) have been prepared with the following stoichiometries: [LnL3(H2O)3] where Ln = La, Eu, Dy; [LnL3(H2O)] where Ln = Sm, Tb, Ho, Er and Yb; and [LnL3] where Ln = Pr. The existence of aquo ligands in the coordination spheres and the number of hydrate waters was established by thermogravimetric experiments. Spectral information indicates that bonding occurs to all the lanthanides via both oxygens of the di-N-oxide ligand.
Concentration multiplicity in a draft tube fluidized‐bed bioreactor involving two limiting substrates

Concentration multiplicity in a two-phase or three-phase draft tube fluidized-bed bioreactor containing biofloc particles is studied. The kinetics of biological reactions considered involve two limiting substrates. The necessary and sufficient conditions for concentration multiplicity in both the biofilm and bioreactor are examined in terms of effectiveness factor, inlet and bulk concentration of substrates, and liquid flow rate. Hysteresis behavior in both the biofilm and bioreactor and multiplicity of concentration profiles in the biofilm are also discussed.
Modular forms and Eisenstein's continued fractions

Found in the collected works of Eisenstein are twenty continued fraction expansions. The expansions have since emerged in the literature in various forms, although a complete historical account and self-contained treatment has not been given. We provide one here, motivated by the fact that these expansions give continued fraction expansions for modular forms. Eisenstein himself did not record proofs for his expansions, and we employ only standard methods in the proofs provided here. Our methods illustrate the exact recurrence relations from which the expansions arise, and also methods likely similar to those originally used by Eisenstein to derive them.
Replantation of amputated facial tissues with microvascular anastomosis

A challenge to the microsurgeon is perfecting the technique of replantation of small pieces of facial tissue, mainly because of the extremely small size of the arteries as well as a lack of suitable veins for drainage. In the past 4 years, we have had seven cases of facial amputations, which included one scalp, two nasal tips, two ears, one lower lip, and one eyebrow. All of these patients were replanted/revascularized by microvascular anastomosis. Only two of the cases had suitable veins for anastomosis. Alternative techniques used for improving venous outflow were arterio-venous fistula, chemical leeches, and pin pricks. Four of the cases were completely successful, two cases had partial loss of the replant, and one case failed due to absence of venous drainage. In facial amputation, an aggressive microsurgical attempt will result in more tissue surviving and a better cosmetic outcome than in any other reconstructive procedures.
The Response of Muscle Protein Anabolism to Combined Hyperaminoacidemia and Glucose-Induced Hyperinsulinemia Is Impaired in the Elderly

Muscle mass declines with aging. Amino acids alone stimulate muscle protein synthesis in the elderly. However, mixed nutritional supplementation failed to improve muscle mass. We hypothesized that the failure of nutritional supplements is due to altered responsiveness of muscle protein anabolism to increased amino acid availability associated with endogenous hyperinsulinemia. We measured muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, and amino acid transport in healthy young (30 ± 3 yr) and elderly (72 ± 1 yr) volunteers in the basal postabsorptive state and during the administration of an amino acid-glucose mixture, using l-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine infusion, femoral artery and vein catheterization, and muscle biopsies. Basal muscle amino acid turnover was similar in young and elderly subjects. The mixture increased phenylalanine leg delivery and transport into the muscle in both groups. Phenylalanine net balance increased in both groups (young, −27 ± 8 to 64 ± 17; elderly, −16 ± 4 to 29 ± 7 nmol/(min·100 mL); P ...
Quasilinear Time Complexity Theory

This paper furthers the study of quasi-linear time complexity initiated by Schnorr [Sch76] and Gurevich and Shelah [GS89]. We show that the fundamental properties of the polynomial-time hierarchy carry over to the quasilineartime hierarchy. Whereas all previously known versions of the Valiant-Vazirani reduction from NP to parity run in quadratic time, we give a new construction using error-correcting codes that runs in quasilinear time. We show, however, that the important equivalence between search problems and decision problems in polynomial time is unlikely to carry over: if search reduces to decision for SAT in quasi-linear time, then all of NP is contained in quasi-polynomial time. Other connections to work by Stearns and Hunt [SH86, SH90, HS90] on “power indices” of NP languages are made.
Neural-immune interactions in health and disease.

Abstract: Many lines of research have established the numerous routes by which the immune and central nervous systems (CNS) communicate. The CNS signals the immune system via hormonal and neuronal pathways and the immune system signals the CNS through similar routes via immune mediators and cytokines. The primary hormonal pathway by which the CNS regulates the immune system is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, through the hormones of the neuroendocrine stress response. The sympathetic nervous system regulates immune system function primarily via adrenergic neurotransmitters released through neuronal routes. Neuroendocrine regulation of immune function is essential for survival during stress or infection and to modulate immune responses in inflammatory disease. Glucocorticoids are the main effector endpoint of the neuroendocrine response system.
Computerized data base on immigrant arthropods

Immigrants make up a small (about 2%) portion of the arthropod fauna of North America, but are a very important component of the pest and beneficial fauna. Heretofore no generally accessible, computerized compendium has been available to provide access to the vast and dispersed body of knowledge on these organisms. The computerized North American Immigrant Arthropod Database (NAIAD) was developed to provide such a single source. This interactive data base contains 51 fields of core data on the 1,800 species of arthropods known to be immigrant to America north of Mexico. The COBOL program and data files reside on a Wang VS-100 minicomputer at Beltsville, Md., and the data files are accessible from remote locations via TTY (ADAS). Extensive hard copy, back-up files also are maintained. The NAIAD program and its use are described here, and the data fields included in the program are discussed. This data processing application will allow researchers worldwide access to a broad spectrum of information, will allow rapid publication of certain important subsets of information contained therein, and will help in accumulating, analyzing, and disseminating information about immigrant arthropods.
De novo design, synthesis, and characterization of antimicrobial beta-peptides.

β-Peptides are a class of polyamides that have been demonstrated to adopt a variety of helical conformations. Recently, a series of amphiphilic L+2 helical β-peptides were designed, which were intended to mimic the overall physicochemical properties of a class of membrane-active antimicrobial peptides, including magainin and cecropin. Although these peptides showed potent antimicrobial activity, they also showed significant activity against human erythrocytes. Operating under the assumption that their lack of specificity arose from excessive hydrophobicity, two additional β-peptides H-(β3-HAla-β3-HLys-β3-HVal)n-NH2 (n = 4, 5) were designed and synthesized. Both have high antimicrobial activities, but very low hemolytic potencies. The peptides bind in an L+2 conformation to phospholipid vesicles, inducing leakage of entrapped small molecules. The peptides have a low affinity for membranes consisting of neutral phosphatidylcholine lipids, but bind avidly to vesicles containing 10 mol % of acidic phosphatidy...
High energy neutron and pion-decay gamma-ray emissions from solar flares

Solar flare gamma-ray emissions from energetic ions and electrons have been detected and measured to GeV energies since 1980. In addition, neutrons produced in solar flares with 100 MeV to GeV energies have been observed at the Earth. These emissions are produced by the highest energy ions and electrons accelerated at the Sun and they provide our only direct (albeit secondary) knowledge about the properties of the accelerator(s) acting in a solar flare. The solar flares, which have direct evidence for pion-decay gamma-rays, are unique and are the focus of this paper. We review our current knowledge of the highest energy solar emissions, and how the characteristics of the acceleration process are deduced from the observations. Results from the RHESSI, INTEGRAL and CORONAS missions will also be covered. The review will also cover the solar flare capabilities of the new mission, FERMI GAMMA RAY SPACE TELESCOPE, launched on 2008 June 11. Finally, we discuss the requirements for future missions to advance this vital area of solar flare physics.
Chromosome end protection plasticity revealed by Stn1p and Ten1p bypass of Cdc13p.

Genome stability necessitates a mechanism to protect the termini of linear chromosomes from inappropriate degradation or recombination1,2. In many species this protection depends on 'capping' proteins that bind telomeric DNA3,4. The budding yeast Cdc13p binds single-stranded telomeric sequences5,6, prevents lethal degradation of chromosome ends7,8 and regulates telomere extension by telomerase5,9. Two Cdc13-interacting proteins, Stn1p and Ten1p, are also required for viability and telomere length regulation10,11. It has been proposed that Cdc13p DNA binding directs a Cdc13p–Stn1p–Ten1p complex to telomeres to mediate end protection12. However, the functional significance of these protein interactions, and their respective roles in maintaining telomere integrity, remain undefined. Here, we show that co-overexpressing TEN1 with a truncated form of STN1 efficiently bypasses the essential role of CDC13. We further show that this truncated Stn1p binds directly to Pol12p, a polymerase α-primase regulatory subunit, and that Pol12 activity is required for CDC13 bypass. Thus, Stn1p and Ten1p control a Cdc13p-independent telomere capping mechanism that is coupled to the conventional DNA replication machinery.
Unusual Component Dynamics in Poly(ethylene oxide)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends As Probed by Deuterium NMR

We analyze recent deuterium NMR data on blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), using a model for the blend dynamics based on the coupling model. This model has previously been shown to describe the relaxation properties of blends whose component dynamics are strongly composition dependent. We show herein that the unusual feature of PEO/PMMA blends, an invariance of the PEO dynamics to composition, is a natural consequence of the high frequency and temperature of the NMR experiments. To wit, when the independent relaxation time of our model approaches the characteristic time for intermolecular cooperativity (∼2 ps), the effect of local environment on the component dynamics becomes negligible. A similar situation pertains for poly(vinyl methyl ether) mixed with polystyrene, at temperatures sufficiently high that the segmental relaxation times become small. On the other hand, for blends of 1,4-polyisoprene with poly(vinylethylene), the component dynamics retain their depe...
Design of optimal neurocontrollers for the separately excited DC motor using a hybrid genetic algorithm-neural network approach

In this paper, we develop an optimal controller for the separately excited dc-motor. The motivating application for this new controller is electric vehicle propulsion systems, although industrial and manufacturing applications as well as consumer products can also benefit from this approach. To achieve these optimal electric motor controllers, we propose a hybrid genetic algorithm/neural network design approach. In this case, the global optimization properties of the genetic algorithm are combined with the learning and generalization abilities of neural networks to produce a smooth controller which globally minimizes some specified cost or criterion function. Simulation results indicate that such optimal controllers can significantly improve motor efficiency. In particular, for the 4000 lb hybrid-electric vehicle constructed at Wayne State University, the optimal controller produced by our hybrid genetic algorithm/neural network approach can improve the efficiency of the motor by as much as 28.7% over conventional controllers.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
OCLC and local systems - the product, the people: a self-assessment

The Director of the Local Systems Division of OCLC reviews development activities since early 1983. The purpose of the division is reaffirmed within the context of OCLC's broad charter. The staff structure and the commitment to continuing software development are described.
Oxygen and transition metal involvement in the charge compensation mechanism of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes

X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ni, Mn, and Co K-edges is used to investigate the charge compensation mechanism and its relationship to the magnetic moments in Li1−xNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2. Multiple analytical methods are compared to separate element-specific redox trends from collective effects. EXAFS is used not only for structural, but also for chemical information while XANES is used not only for chemical, but also for structural information. While Ni is found to be the only transition metal involved in the charge compensation reaction until half the Li is removed, the second half of the deintercalation reaction is not accompanied by transition-metal oxidation. It is deduced that over the second half of Li deintercalation, the oxidation of oxygen ions bonded to cobalt is responsible for charge compensation and for an increase in the magnetic moment.
Gypsy Moth Control with Dimilin® Sprays Timed to Minimize Effects on the Parasite Apanteles melanoscelus

Dimilin® (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6 difluorobenzoyl)-urea), an insect growth regulator, was applied by mist blower at 0.0078 lb AI/10 gal water to gypsy moth, blower at 0.0078 lb AI/10 gal water to gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., infested apple trees on 3 spray dates when gypsy moth larvae were in stadia 1 and 2, 2 and 3, and 3 and 4, respectively. Percent larval mortality was high on all 3 spray dates. The 1st spray resulted in decreased percent emergence of the larval parasite, Apanteles melunoscelus (Ratzeburg), from the gypsy moth host, while the 2nd and 3rd sprays did not. Six rates of Dimilin between 0.0078 and 0.00025 lb AI/10 gal water were applied similarly on May 29, 1975. Mortality data yielded a significant concentration-response curve for the gypsy moth with the higher rates being comparable in effectiveness to carbaryl at 0.5 lb AI/10 gal water. Residual activity of Dimilin was high for 2 weeks as opposed to one week for carbaryl.
Brownian bridges on Riemannian manifolds

We study properties of Brownian bridges on a complete Riemannian manifoldM. LetQ be the law of Brownian bridge fromx toy with lifetimet. Q is a probability measure on the space Ω x,y of continuous paths ω with ω(0)=x and ω(1)=y. We prove thatQ possesses the large deviation property with the rate function $$J_{x,y} (\omega ) = \frac{1}{2}\left[ {\int\limits_0^1 {\left| {\dot \omega (s)} \right|^2 ds - \rho (x,y)^2 } } \right].$$ We show that ifM and its metric are analytic then forany x, y onM there exists a probability measure μ x,y which is supported by a subset of the space of minimizing geodesics joiningx andy such that Ω →μ x,y weakly in Ω x,y ast→0. We also give a complete characterization of the exact support of μ x,y .
How the new generation of video game consoles have accelerated the need to preserve digital content – part 1

Purpose – This two-part study aims to expose the challenges and establish the necessity of preserving digital content, with a focus on console video games. Design/methodology/approach – Through a method of establishing the history of video game consoles, identifying the challenges presented by the format and addressing the current preservation efforts, this article serves as a brief retrospective of the issues and a guide to extending the conversation. Findings – Representing a unique format, heavily reliant on advances in technological and industrial standards, console video games have experienced a demonstrated lack of preservation. Originality/value – With special attention to the non-gamer, this is an introduction to the conversation and an invitation to lend expertise to not only an often overlooked area of popular culture, which is facing (and in some cases, has experienced) irretrievable loss of information, but also to other formats facing adjustment to the digital, always-online environment.
Abstract 4483: SR13668, a selective 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor, suppresses tumor growth by modulating the Akt signaling pathway

SR13668, an orally active cancer therapeutic agent, exhibits potent antitumor activity against various human cancer xenografts (e.g., breast, prostate, lung and ovarian cancer) without significant toxicity. An exploratory IND study of SR13668 has been completed with a two-stage design to compare the bioavailability of five SR13668 formulations, and the preferred formulation will be subjected to investigation in subsequent phase I testing. SR13668 inhibits growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream target GSK3β in PC-3 prostate and high pAkt expressing MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. SR13668 was also shown to block FGF- and IGF-stimulated Akt activation. Screening a broad selection of kinase targets, including Akt(1,2,3), PI3K, and PDK1, indicated that SR13668 is not a kinase inhibitor. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that SR13668 selectively inhibits 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), but does not affect other lipoxygenases (5-LOX and 15-LOX), or cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2). 12-LOX plays a major role in promoting cancer progression, invasion and metastasis as well as tumor angiogenesis. 12-LOX has been regarded as a novel target for cancer therapy, since it is generally absent in normal epithelia and is often constitutively expressed in various epithelial cancers. Unlike direct inhibitors of PI3K or Akt, SR13668 has no adverse effects on fasting glucose levels or body weights after 14 days of oral treatment with SR13668 at 500 mg/kg/day, a dose more than 10 times higher than that needed for antitumor activity. Pharmacologic intervention studies with lipoxygenase inhibitors for the prevention or inhibition of cancers have been difficult to interpret, as there are very few isoform-selective LOX inhibitors available. SR13668 is a highly specific 12-LOX inhibitor. No off-target activities were observed, when screened against a broad collection of 40 diverse enzymes and 80 transmembrane and soluble receptors, ion channels and monoamine transporters. The Phase 0 clinical study showed that SR13668 has long half-life (11.2 ± 3.1 hours), and patients did not experience significant adverse events related to SR13668 treatment; thus SR13668 is a promising candidate for further clinical investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4483. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4483
AlN/GaN superlattices grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract AlN/GaN superlattices with layer thickness between 0.5 and 20 nm have been grown. The substrates were α(6H)-SiC(0001) and Al 2 O 3 (0001) (sapphire). The growth was performed using a modified gas source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique. Standard effusion cells were used as sources of aluminum and gallium, and a small, MBE-compatible, electron cyclotron resonance plasma source was used to activate nitrogen gas prior to deposition. Auger, X-ray, and transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed the existence of well-defined layers. High resolution electron microscopy revealed pseudomorphic behavior between the two materials for layers thinner than 6 nm. By contrast, completely relaxed individual layers of GaN and AlN with respect to each other were present for bilayer periods above 20 nm. Cathodoluminescence showed a shift in the emission peak of up to 0.7 eV. The observed emission energy shifts were used to estimate the band discontinuities.
The Dilemma Between Orthodoxy and Identity

The orthodoxy referred to in the title is Quine’s doctrine of logical form on which logical form has to do exclusively with how “truth functions, quantifiers, and variables stack up”.1 In previous publications,2 I have argued that this doctrine is both arbitrary and mistaken because the so- called “non-logical (or extra-logical) vocabulary” contributes just as much to implication relations among sentences as the so-called “logical vocabulary”. My strategy then was to try to undermine Quine’s criticism of the analytic-synthetic distinction and to formulate an acceptable explanation of analyticitywithin the framework of linquistic theory. Now I wishto try another strategy. Rather than arguing as I formely did that Quine’s arguments give us no reason to exclude the “non-logical vocabulary” from logic proper, Iwant to argue here that Quinean orthodoxy gives us reason to exclude items of the “logical vocabulary” from logic proper. I want to change the focus of the debate and argue the other way around that if the orhodox theory with its distinction between these two vocabularies is not given up, then some items heretofor treated as logical must henceforth be treated as extra-logical. If this argument is sound, it will have considered force. Its force will be proportional to the disinclination of logicians to relinquish bread-and-butter logical apparatus simply to save a philosophical orthodoxy.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis by serum and amino acids in a rat neuroblastoma cell line

Abstract A procedure for arresting B65 rat neuroblastoma cells in the G1 (or G0) phase of the cell cycle is described. This procedure is used to study the effects of serum and amino acids on the initiation of DNA synthesis in this transformed cell line. The amino acid glutamine has DNA-stimulating activity which can be increased with the addition of cystine which alone is inactive.
Immediate reconstruction of oncologic hemipelvectomy defects.

Background: Soft tissue and bony tumors of the pelvis are rare, but when they occur, treatment presents both an oncologic surgical and a reconstructive challenge. After reconstruction, soft tissue defects can be large and there is usually exposed bone and/or joint. A retroperitoneal abdominal wall defect may also be present. Flap mobilization is generally necessary to eliminate dead space and cover the exposed bone, viscera, and/or prosthetic orthopedic material. We performed immediate reconstruction on 11 patients after radical pelvic resections for tumor. Patients and Methods: Eleven cases of radical pelvic resection and immediate reconstruction were identified during the period from 1992 to 2002 at University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey. All patients were treated by both the orthopedic oncology and plastic surgery teams. A retrospective review of office charts and hospital records was performed. Data were gathered regarding the following: tumor type and oncologic history, extent of resection, reconstructive modality, complications, and outcome. Results: All patients underwent radical resection of pelvic masses depending on the tumor type and location. Tumor types included chondrosarcoma (6), Paget osteosarcoma (1), giant cell tumor (1), metastatic uterine carcinoma (2), and invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising in a chronic decubitus ulcer (1). The reconstructive procedures performed were the following: rectus abdominus flaps (6), gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flaps (3), and thigh fillet flaps (2). The retroperitoneal defects were repaired with primary tissue approximation of the surrounding available musculature. Additionally, Gore-Tex mesh was used in 2 cases, tensor fascia lata was used in 2 cases, and acellular dermal matrix in 1 case. Blood loss for the combined procedures ranged from 400 mL to 1400 mL. The follow-up period in this series ranged from 24 to 114 months. Complications included skin flap loss with subsequent infection (1), local cellulitis controlled with antibiotics (1), regional recurrence (2). The postoperative course was uneventful for the remainder of the cases. Conclusion: Soft tissue reconstructions after extensive pelvic resections always present as complex reconstructive problems. Reconstruction is dictated by the size of the defects and by tissue availability. The extent and type of resections vary according to tumor size and location. In our experience, local pedicled muscle-based flaps, if available, usually provide adequate tissue mass to eliminate dead space, cover the extent of the wound, and close the retroperitoneal defect. Microvascular tissue transfer is always an option but was reserved in our series for cases with no suitable local alternative.
Solar powered residential hydrogen fueling station

Abstract This paper presents a conceptual design of a solar powered hydrogen fueling station for a single family home in Wallingford, Connecticut, USA. Sixty high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) solar panels (Total capacity: 18.9 kW) account for approximately 94.7% of the hydrogen home’s power consumption. The fueling station consists of a 165 bar high pressure electrolyzer for on-site production of 2.24 kg/day of hydrogen, three-bank cascade configuration storage tanks (4.26 kg of H 2 at 350 bar) and a SAE J2600 compliant hydrogen nozzle. The system produces 0.8 kg/day of hydrogen for a fuel cell vehicle with an average commute of 56 km/day (Fuel mileage: 71 km/kg H 2 ). Safety codes and standards applicable at the facility are described, and a well-to-wheel analysis is performed to contrast the carbon dioxide emissions of conventional gasoline and fuel cell vehicles. The energy efficiency obtained by incorporating a solar-hydrogen system for residential applications is also computed.
Determination of pyrimidine ribotide and deoxyribotide pools in cultured cells and mouse liver by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for determining tissue pools of uridine, deoxyuridine, cytidine, deoxycytidine, and thymidine monodi-, and triphosphates is presented. The method utilizes anion-exchange and, after conversion of nucleosides by acid phosphatase, reverse-phase chromatography on a preparative column with UV detection at 254 and 280 nm. The yield of this procedure is 80 ± 2% with sensitivity limit of 100 pmole nucleotide per sample. A sensitivity of 10 pmole can be achieved for each compound by rechromatographing appropriate nucleoside fractions on analytical columns. The recovery, including this step, is 66 ± 7%. The essay is reproducible and highly selective, with a lower sensitivity limit of approximately 0.1 μM using 150–250 mg (wet weight) tissue samples. Nucleotide pools have been determined in Balb/c mouse liver and in mouse lymphoma (S-49) cell culture, the latter with and without addition of 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) to the medium. Data obtained with this assay are similar to those using alternative methodologies. Observed depletion of dTXP pools and expansion of dUMP and dCXP pools after 5-FUra treatment are in agreement with published observations. Pools of dUDP and dUTP were not detectable (
On-road emission factors of PM pollutants for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) based on urban street driving conditions

Abstract An on-road sampling campaign was conducted on two major surface streets (Wilshire and Sunset Boulevards) in Los Angeles, CA, to characterize PM components including metals, trace elements, and organic species for three PM size fractions (PM10–2.5, PM2.5–0.25, and PM0.25). Fuel-based emission factors (mass of pollutant per kg of fuel) were calculated to assess the emissions profile of a light-duty vehicle (LDV) traffic fleet characterized by stop-and-go driving conditions that are reflective of urban street driving. Emission factors for metals and trace elements were highest in PM10–2.5 while emission factors for PAHs and hopanes and steranes were highest in PM0.25. PM2.5 emission factors were also compared to previous freeway, roadway tunnel, and dynamometer studies based on an LDV fleet to determine how various environments and driving conditions may influence concentrations of PM components. The on-road sampling methodology deployed in the current study captured substantially higher levels of metals and trace elements associated with vehicular abrasion (Fe, Ca, Cu, and Ba) and crustal origins (Mg and Al) than previous LDV studies. The semi-volatile nature of PAHs resulted in higher levels of PAHs in the particulate phase for LDV tunnel studies ( Phuleria et al., 2006 ) and lower levels of PAHs in the particulate phase for freeway studies ( Ning et al., 2008 ). With the exception of a few high molecular weight PAHs, the current study's emission factors were in between the LDV tunnel and LDV freeway studies. In contrast, hopane and sterane emission factors were generally comparable between the current study, the LDV tunnel, and LDV freeway, as expected given the greater atmospheric stability of these organic compounds. Overall, the emission factors from the dynamometer studies for metals, trace elements, and organic species are lower than the current study. Lastly, n-alkanes (C19–C40) were quantified and alkane carbon preference indices (CPIs) were determined to be in the range of 1–2, indicating substantial anthropogenic source contribution for surface streets in Los Angeles.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Secondary Fuel for Suppression of Combustion Dynamics

The effect of the spatial and temporal distribution of modulated secondary fuel on suppressing unstable combustion is evaluated in a laboratory-scale, lean premixed combustor. Two unstable operating conditions are established by varying the main fuel distribution and are characterized using high-frequency response-pressure measurements and phase-synchronized chemiluminescence imaging. The effectiveness of active combustion control employing phase-delayed subharmonic injection of secondary fuel is determined for two different secondary-fuel injection locations for each of the unstable operating conditions. Secondary fuel injection is characterized in terms of a flame-response function, which represents the temporal modulation of heat release due to the secondary fuel. The flame-response function for each injection location is used to calculate the flame-response Rayleigh index for each instability. It is found that the flame-response Rayleigh index can be used to predict the phase delay required for maximum damping. It is also shown that the most effective control for a given instability is achieved when the secondary fuel is injected into the damping region shown in the local Rayleigh index distribution for that instability.
Tadpoles Balance Foraging and Predator Avoidance: Effects of Predation, Pond Drying, and Hunger

Organisms are predicted to make trade-offs when foraging and predator avoidance behaviors present conflicting demands. Balancing conflicting demands is important to larval amphibians because adult fitness can be strongly influenced by size at metamorphosis and duration of the larval period. Larvae in temporary ponds must maximize growth within a short time period to achieve metamorphosis before ponds dry, while simultaneously avoiding predators. To determine whether tadpoles trade off between conflicting demands, I examined tadpole (Pseudacris triseriata) activity and microhabitat use in the presence of red- spotted newts (Notopthalmus viridescens) under varying conditions of pond drying and hunger. Tadpoles significantly decreased activity and increased refuge use when predators were present. The proportion of active time tadpoles spent feeding was significantly greater in predator treatments, suggesting tadpoles adaptively balance the conflicting demands of foraging and predator avoidance without making apparent trade-offs. Tadpoles responded to simulated drying conditions by accelerating development. Pond drying did not modify microhabitat use or activity in the presence of predators, suggesting tadpoles perceived predation and hunger as greater immediate threats than desiccation, and did not take more risks.
Physical studies of isolated eucaryotic nuclei.

The degree of chromatin condensation in isolated rat liver nuclei and chicken erythrocyte nuclei was studied by phase-contrast microscopy as a function of solvent pH, K+ and Mg++ concentrations Data were represented as "phase" maps, and standard solvent conditions selected that reproducibly yield granular, slightly granular, and homogeneous nuclei Nuclei in these various states were examined by ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, low-angle X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and binding capacity for ethidium bromide Homogeneous nuclei exhibited absorption and CD spectra resembling those of isolated nucleohistone. Suspensions of granular nuclei showed marked turbidity and absorption flattening, and a characteristic blue-shift of a crossover wavelength in the CD spectra. In all solvent conditions studied, except pH < 2 3, low-angle X-ray reflections characteristic of the native, presumably superhelical, nucleohistone were observed from pellets of intact nuclei. Threads (100–200 A diameter) were present in the condensed and dispersed phases of nuclei fixed under the standard solvent conditions, and examined in the electron microscope after thin sectioning and staining Nuclei at neutral pH, with different degrees of chromatin condensation, exhibited similar binding capacities for ethidium bromide. These data suggest a model that views chromatin condensation as a close packing of superhelical nucleohistone threads but still permits condensed chromatin to respond rapidly to alterations in solvent environment.
Natural convection cooling transients

Abstract An integral theory of natural convection transients, which has been successfully compared with experimental results, is used to study the transient temperature response of an element, having thermal capacity, whose energy input is abruptly terminated. An element thermal capacity parameter arises in the analysis whose value indicates the boundary between the regimes of true convection transients and essentially quasi-static processes. This value has been determined by calculations.
Using Direct Practice Skills in Administration

ABSTRACT Little attention has been given to identifying the relevance of interpersonal skills used in providing direct services to clients to the interactional skills used in administrative practice. Using a problem-solving framework to guide the analysis, this paper addresses the use of direct practice skills in administrative practice in the following three areas: (1) skills for committing to full exploration and assessment related to problem identification, (2) skills for building a culture of openness in developing and implementing a plan of action related to decision-making, and (3) skills for reaching new learning and closure as part of problem resolution.
Toward a political rehabilitation of environmentalism : Daniel Kemmis's community and the politics of place

At present, the progress achieved by the environmental movements of the 20th century is being challenged or arrested on many fronts. Environmental legislation at the national level has encountered limits to its efficacy, liberalizing trends in global trade policies continue to undermine such legislation, and, particularly in the United States, publics have become increasingly hostile to many aspects of the environmentalist agenda. In his book Community and the Politics of Place, Daniel Kemmis provides a critical analysis of some limitations of contemporary American politics and focuses on the potential role of place in edifying more participatory forms of democratic practice. Kemmis’s book is becoming a foundational work in environmental thought because it speaks to the crises of contemporary environmentalism by presenting an alternative vision of political practice that has the potential to lead to more effective environmental policies while also mending the public image of environmentalism.
The structure and geometry of 4×4 pandiagonal matrices

The 4x4 pandiagonal matrices are tesselated by a group of transformations with two generators, which are analogous to a rotation and a rotatory inversion, acting on a single vector. These matrices have equivalence classes that are tesselated by a subgroup associated with a triangular tesselation of the sphere. The relationship of various subgroups to the permutation structure of pandiagonal matrices is studied.
VI.—Contour-Lines on Geological Maps

AS one of your reviewers now some years ago criticized unfavourably the method of representing geological structure in maps by contour lines upon a bed of coal or other rock, and as, like him, most geologists are not yet practically familiar with the method, useful though it be, and nobody that might be thought wholly unbiassed has replied in your pages to his attacks, it may not be improper to call your attention to the unprejudiced opinion and explanation of Mr. Charles A. Ashburner, the geologist in charge of the survey of the anthracite region, under the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, who has up to this time published 26 large sheets of most elaborate maps and sections with one volume of text. After careful examination before adopting the method and after using it several years he writes of it in the report (page 8) as follows:—
A Data Fusion Algorithm for Large Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

A distributed search based data fusion algorithm is presented for target detections in large heterogeneous sensor networks. A score function is introduced as the objection function during the optimal search. The network state is determined when the score is the highest. A close to optimal solution can be obtained before the arrival of the next sensor data thus enabling real time target tracking. The algorithm is evaluated with a series of real-time simulations on networks of variable sensor compositions with a commodity Linux cluster.
Collection development policies: The case for

Une politique bien arretee et consignee par ecrit de developpement des collections d'une bibliotheque universitaire est indispensable a la planification de leurs acquisitions, la mise en œuvre d'outils de communication, leur gestion et en particulier le suivi des systemes de ressources partagees installes avec d'autres bibliotheques
Clinical Inertia and Blood Pressure Goal Attainment

Optimal blood pressure (BP) control is still not being achieved for the majority of patients with hypertension. Although the topic of patient adherence to health care practitioner recommendations is less than desirable and medication noncompliance adds to the cost of health care, another issue that affects the ability to attain optimal BP control is therapeutic, or clinical, inertia, which is the failure of health care providers to initiate or intensify therapy when indicated. This paper will discuss therapeutic inertia and other issues that prevent BP goal attainment.
Wild oat (Avena fatua) habitat and water use in cereal grain cropping systems

Abstract The advent of site-specific weed management has generated research aimed at predicting weed spatial distributions from existing weed maps or correlations with soil properties and edaphic factors. Forecasting the spatial distribution of annual weeds requires knowledge of fecundity, dispersal, management, and suitable habitat distribution. We hypothesized that wild oat habitat was limited by field-scale heterogeneity in plant-available water. We eliminated seed number and dispersal limitations by seeding wild oat in areas with and without historical wild oat patches in three similarly managed spring wheat fields that differed in soil properties and wild oat infestations and were situated within a 160-km radius of Great Falls, MT. Wild oat habitat was quantified by wild oat leaf area growth rate, mature shoot biomass, seeds produced per plant, biomass water use efficiency, and competitive ratio with spring wheat. Soil texture and plot elevation correlated with existing wild oat patch areas in indivi...
Longitudinal Evolution of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Infected Individuals

The underlying mechanisms of several bone disorders in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and any relation to antiretroviral therapy have yet to be defined. A longitudinal study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of osteopenia or osteoporosis in HIV-infected persons; to assess bone mineralization, metabolism, and histomorphometry over time; and to evaluate predisposing factors. A total of 128 patients enrolled the study, and 93 were observed for 72 weeks. "Classic" risk factors (low body mass index, history of weight loss, steroid use, and smoking) for low bone mineral density (BMD) and duration of HIV infection were strongly associated with osteopenia. There was a weak association between low BMD and receipt of treatment with protease inhibitors; this association disappeared after controlling for the above factors. Markers of bone turnover tended to be elevated in the whole cohort but were not associated with low BMD. BMD increased slightly during follow-up. Traditional risk factors and advanced HIV infection play a more significant pathogenic role in the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis associated with HIV infection than do treatment-associated factors.
Satellite remote sensing classification of thaw lakes and drained thaw lake basins on the North Slope of Alaska

Abstract The purpose of this research was to map thaw lakes and drained thaw lake basins (DTLBs) on the North Slope of Alaska using satellite remote sensing. This research is the first to map DTLBs on a large scale for Alaska's Arctic Coastal Plain. Thaw lakes and DTLBs were classified from seven Landsat-7 scenes using texture analysis, spectral transformations, and image segmentation. The overall classification accuracy was 97.7% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.96. Thaw lakes had a producer accuracy of 99.1% and a user accuracy of 98.6%, while DTLBs had a producer accuracy of 93.8% and user accuracy of 98.1%. A total of 7054 km2 of thaw lakes were mapped, accounting for 20.4% of the Arctic Coastal Plain; there were 8917 km2 of DTLBs covering 25.7% of the study area. Continued research in the analysis of thaw lakes and DTLBs is crucial to our understanding of the global carbon cycle, atmospheric methane concentrations, heat flow and climate change.