cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A calculation of the surface energies of fcc transition metals

Abstract The surface energies of six transition metals — nickel, gold, silver, platinum, palladium and copper — have been calculated using the Baskes and Melius interatomic potential. The results obtained fall within 10% of the experimental values, thus indicating that the Baskes and Melius potential could provide a valuable tool for the computer modelling of surface phenomena.
Georgia Powers: an Unlikely Journey, the Proof She was There

Black women’s historical, social, and political visibility in Kentucky is necessary for “black feminist” scholarship and discourse, but importantly, for maintaining Kentucky’s history. The black “woman experience” in the past has been and still is very invisible. A telling of Georgia Powers’ history from a sociological perspective links her story within the social, political, feminist, and historical context of our nation’s history. Black women through the centuries have wanted to share their experiences and tell how they labored for common causes. This woman through her gendered modernizing politics has done much to encourage people/citizens to believe public engagement is worth the time.
Bilateral paraaortic lymphadenectomy in the presence of double inferior vena cava

Three cases of stage IB cervical carcinoma with preoperative diagnosis of double inferior vena cava by CT scan are presented. Its importance during paraaortic lymphadenectomy and the relevant embryology of the inferior vena cava and its major anomalies are discussed.
An Architecture for Reconfigurable Multi-core Explorations

Multi-core systems are now the norm, and reconfigurable systems have shown substantial benefits over general purpose ones. This paper presents a combination of the two: a fully featured reconfigurable multi-core processor based on the Leon3 processor. The platform has important features like cache coherency, a fully running modern OS (GNU/Linux) and each core has a tightly coupled reconfigurable coprocessor unit attached. This allows the SPARC instruction set to be extended for the running application. The multi-core reconfigurable processor architecture, including the coprocessor interface, the ICAP controller and the Linux kernel driver, is presented. The experimental results show the characteristics of the platform including: area costs, the memory contention, the reprogramming cost... Speedups up to 100x are demonstrated on a cryptography test.
Concurrent analysis of large structures—I. Algorithms

Abstract Parallel structural analysis of framed structures on shared memory multiprocessor computers is presented. Emphasis is directed towards parallelizing each computational step of the solution process. Parallel algorithms are developed to maintain the workload balance throughout the solution process and to assure best concurrent performance and speed-up. A substructuring algorithm is used in order to achieve the workload balance during the solution of the generalized displacements. Concurrency is achieved through the use of the notion of cheap concurrency and the concept of threads. Two strategies for avoiding a racing condition are presented. Minimal storage schemes are introduced to allow for large scale structures to be handled effectively. An accompanying paper demonstrates the performance of the algorithms through solution of several truss and frame problems on an Encore Multimax shared memory multiprocessor computer, for a variable number of processors. The algorithms are particularly suitable for analysis of large structures.
Impossibility of adding gauge couplings to spontaneously broken N = 8 supergravity☆

Abstract When the four mass parameters of spontaneously broken N = 8 supergravity are taken to be equal, the theory possesses at global SU(4) symmetry. Since it contains massless vectors in the adjoint representation, it is tempting to add gauge interactions so as to make the SU(4) symmetry local. In this paper we show that it is impossible to do this in a way that is consistent with the spontaneous character of the symmetry breaking.
Effect of raisin consumption on oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity

Aim: Oxidative stress can initiate increased inflammation that elevates risk for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of daily consumption of raisins on markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial activation in response to an acute high-fat meal in overweight individuals. Methods: Seventeen overweight men and women consumed 90 g raisins or isocaloric placebo (264 kcal/day) for 14 days in a randomized, crossover design while following a low-flavonoid diet. The oxidative [urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-epi PGF2α) and serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)], inflammatory (serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6), endothelial (serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1) and metabolic [free fatty acids (FFAs), triacylglycerol, glucose and insulin] response to four high-fat (53%) meals was tested pre- and postintervention. Results: Urinary 8-epi PGF2α decreased (−22%) and fasting ORAC increased (+3%) after both interventions combined. Fasting protein-free ORAC was modestly (+3.5%) higher during the raisin than the placebo intervention. Neither the meals nor the raisins consistently induced fasted markers of inflammation or endothelial dysfunction. Gender influenced postprandial metabolic responses in that males responded with higher serum FFAs, sVCAM-1 and glucose compared with females. Conclusions: Serum antioxidant capacity was modestly increased by daily raisin consumption, but this did not alter fasted or postprandial inflammatory response in these relatively healthy but overweight individuals. Providing all food in regular pattern reduced measures of oxidative stress.
Comparison of Pd-Co-Au electrocatalysts prepared by conventional borohydride and microemulsion methods for oxygen reduction in fuel cells

Abstract Pd–Co–Au/C catalysts synthesized by the conventional borohydride reduction method and reverse microemulsion method followed by heat treatment at 500–900 °C in a reducing atmosphere have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and polarization measurements for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuels cells. While a single phase Pd–Co–Au alloy is formed at temperatures as low as 500 °C with the microemulsion method, heat treatment at 900 °C is needed to obtain single phase with the conventional borohydride method. The samples prepared by the microemulsion method show better catalytic activity for ORR compared to those prepared by the conventional borohydride method due to a higher degree of alloying at lower temperatures while keeping the particle size small and the surface area high. The activity of the samples prepared by the microemulsion method is comparable or slightly better than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst at 60 °C.
The reactions of hospitalized children to illness.

The emotional reactions of the hospitalized child to illness are determined by the nature and degree of stress from both realistic and unconscious sources and the balance of forces within the child, his parents, and the hospital environment which facilitate or impede adaptation.
Economic Modeling in Networking: A Primer

Economic Modeling in Networking: A Primer is designed to provide engineering students who have a basic training in economic modeling and game theory an understanding of where and when game theoretic models are employed, the assumptions underpinning key models, and conceptual insights that are broadly applicable. In recent years, engineers have been increasingly called upon to have basic skills in economic modeling and game theory at their disposal for two related reasons. First, the economics of networks has a significant effect on the adoption and creation of network innovations, and second, engineered networks serve as the platform for many of our most basic economic interactions today. Despite these confluences, the typical engineering student does not garner economic training until later in their graduate career, if at all. This monograph takes the stance that basic economic understanding is a critical tool in the arsenal of the modern engineering student. Economic Modeling in Networking: A Primer is intended to help engineering students to work with economic models but also to cast a critical eye over such models. As such, it is also an ideal complementary text to a good introductory textbook or course on microeconomics or game theory
Predicting risk of endovascular device infection in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (PREDICT-SAB).

Background— Prompt recognition of underlying cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection in patients presenting with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is critical for optimal management of these cases. The goal of this study was to identify clinical predictors of CIED infection in patients presenting with SAB and no signs of pocket infection. Methods and Results— All cases of SAB in CIED recipients at Mayo Clinic from 2001 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. We identified 131 patients with CIED who presented with SAB and had no clinical signs of device pocket infection. Forty-five (34%) of these patients had underlying CIED infection based on clinical or echocardiographic criteria. The presence of a permanent pacemaker rather than an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (odds ratio, 3.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.65–9.23; P =0.002), >1 device-related procedure (odds ratio, 3.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–8.86; P =0.018), and duration of SAB ≥4 days (odds ratio, 5.54; 95% confidence interval, 3.32–13.23; P <0.001) were independently associated with an increased risk of CIED infection in a multivariable model. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the multivariable model was 0.79, indicating a good discriminatory capacity to distinguish SAB patients with and without CIED infection. Conclusions— Among patients presenting with SAB and no signs of pocket infection, the risk of underlying CIED infection can be calculated based on the type of device, number of device-related procedures, and duration of SAB. We propose that patients without any of these high-risk features have a low risk of underlying CIED infection and may be monitored closely without immediate device extraction. Prospective studies are needed to validate this risk prediction model.
Effects of cross-spectrum estimation in convolutive blind source separation: A comparative study

The joint approximate diagonalization of a set of time-varying cross-spectral matrices is a method well-suited for blind separation of speech signals. The elements of the cross-spectral matrices are most commonly estimated using the Welch's method of weighted overlapped segment averaging. The segment length is restricted by the length of the mixing channel impulse responses which might be exceedingly long depending on the reverberation characteristics of the room. However, long effective data lengths risk averaging over non-stationary segments, cause higher estimation errors and large processing delays, and imperil the exploitation of non-stationarity in adjoining frames. This paper discusses the cross-spectral matrix estimation in the orthogonal multitaper framework, where a single segment of data is used for each cross-spectral matrix by averaging direct estimates over multiple windows or tapers. Four different nonparametric cross-spectrum estimators that fall into this framework are compared via numerical simulations involving convolutively mixed speech signals with premeasured room impulse responses.
Dancing around elephants.

Most nephrologists are now accepting that there are similar general clinical outcomes between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Patient selection had played a role in the different earlier versus later outcomes, but these cofounders are understood and reconciled, and they
Ernst Mayr and the modern concept of species

Ernst Mayr played a central role in the establishment of the general concept of species as metapopulation lineages, and he is the author of one of the most popular of the numerous alternative definitions of the species category. Reconciliation of incompatible species definitions and the development of a unified species concept require rejecting the interpretation of various contingent properties of metapopulation lineages, including intrinsic reproductive isolation in Mayr's definition, as necessary properties of species. On the other hand, the general concept of species as metapopulation lineages advocated by Mayr forms the foundation of this reconciliation, which follows from a corollary of that concept also advocated by Mayr: the proposition that the species is a fundamental category of biological organization. Although the general metapopulation lineage species concept and Mayr's popular species definition are commonly confused under the name "the biological species concept," they are more or less clearly distinguished in Mayr's early writings on the subject. Virtually all modern concepts and definitions of the species category, not only those that require intrinsic reproductive isolation, are to be considered biological according to the criterion proposed by Mayr. Definitions of the species category that identify a particular contingent property of metapopulation lineages (including intrinsic reproductive isolation) as a necessary property of species reduce the number of metapopulation lineages that are to be recognized taxonomically as species, but they cause conflicts among alternative species definitions and compromise the status of the species as a basic category of biological organization.
Quinidine‐induced agranulocytosis

A case of agranulocytosis in an 86-year-old man after 8 weeks treatment with quinidine sulfate is described. Acute phase serum from the patient demonstrated antineutrophil activity by the microgranulocytotoxicity assay. Review of the literature reveals that more than one mechanism could cause this idiosyncratic immune-mediated agranulocytosis.
Epinephrine for acute bronchiolitis, but not steroids alone, reduces hospital admissions

Commentary on: L Hartling, RM Fernandes, L Bialy, et al.. Steroids and bronchodilators for acute bronchiolitis in the first two years of life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ2011;342:d1714.
Some covering theorems for locally inverse semigroups

A regular semigroup 5 is said to be locally inverse if each local submonoid eSe, with e an idempotent, is an inverse semigroup. In this paper we apply known covering theorems for inverse semigroups and a covering theorem for locally inverse semigroups due to the author to obtain some covering theorems for locally inverse semigroups. The techniques developed here permit us to give an alternative proof for, and slight strengthening of, an important covering theorem for locally inverse semigroups due to F. Pastijn.
Molecular and cell biology of the prototypic arenavirus LCMV: implications for understanding and combating hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses

Arenaviruses merit interest as experimental model systems to study virus-host interactions and as clinically important human pathogens. Several arenaviruses, chiefly Lassa virus (LASV), cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) in humans. In addition, evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected human pathogen. Moreover, arenaviruses pose a biodefense threat. No licensed arenavirus vaccines are available, and current therapy is limited to the use of ribavirin, which is only partially effective and associated with significant side effects. The development of arenavirus reverse genetics systems has made it possible to manipulate the arenavirus genome, which is contributing to significant progress in understanding arenavirus molecular and cell biology, as well as arenavirus-host interactions underlying arenavirus-induced HF disease in humans. This, in turn, should facilitate the development of novel both vaccines and antiviral drugs to combat the dual threats of naturally occurring and intentionally introduced arenavirus infections.
Energy-efficient detection in sensor networks

There is significant interest in battery-powered sensor networks to be used for detection in a wide variety of applications, from surveillance and security to health and environmental monitoring. Severe energy and bandwidth constraints at each sensor node demand system-level approaches to design that consider detection performance jointly with system-resource constraints. Our approach is to formulate detection problems with constraints on the expected cost arising from transmission (sensor nodes to a fusion node) and measurement (at each sensor node) to address some of the system-level costs in a sensor network. For a given resource constraint, we find that randomization over the choice of measurement and over the choice of when to transmit achieves the best performance (in a Bayesian, Neyman-Pearson, and Ali-Silvey sense). To facilitate design, we describe performance criteria in the send/no-send transmission scenario, where the joint optimization over the sensor nodes decouples into optimization at each sensor node.
Cutting xylem under tension or supersaturated with gas can generate PLC and the appearance of rapid recovery from embolism

We investigated the common assumption that severing stems and petioles under water preserves the hydraulic continuity in the xylem conduits opened by the cut when the xylem is under tension. In red maple and white ash, higher percent loss of conductivity (PLC) in the afternoon occurred when the measurement segment was excised under water at native xylem tensions, but not when xylem tensions were relaxed prior to sample excision. Bench drying vulnerability curves in which measurement samples were excised at native versus relaxed tensions showed a dramatic effect of cutting under tension in red maple, a moderate effect in sugar maple, and no effect in paper birch. We also found that air injection of cut branches (red and sugar maple) at pressures of 0.1 and 1.0 MPa resulted in PLC greater than predicted from vulnerability curves for samples cut 2 min after depressurization, with PLC returning to expected levels for samples cut after 75 min. These results suggest that sampling methods can generate PLC patterns indicative of repair under tension by inducing a degree of embolism that is itself a function of xylem tensions or supersaturation of dissolved gases (air injection) at the moment of sample excision. Implications for assessing vulnerability to cavitation and levels of embolism under field conditions are discussed.
Visual control in quake II with a cyclic controller

A cyclic controller is evolved in the first person shooter computer game Quake II, to learn to attack a randomly moving enemy in a simple room by using only visual inputs. The chromosome of a genetic algorithm represents a cyclical controller that reads grayscale information from the gameplay screen to determine how far to jump forward in the program and what actions to perform. The cyclic controller learns to effectively find and shoot the enemy, and outperforms our previously published neural network solution for the same problem.
Spatial Gene-Expression Gradients Underlie Prominent Heterogeneity of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons

Tissue and organ function has been conventionally understood in terms of the interactions among discrete and homogeneous cell types. This approach has proven difficult in neuroscience due to the marked diversity across different neuron classes, but it may be further hampered by prominent within-class variability. Here, we considered a well-defined canonical neuronal population—hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells (CA1 PCs)—and systematically examined the extent and spatial rules of transcriptional heterogeneity. Using next-generation RNA sequencing, we identified striking variability in CA1 PCs, such that the differences within CA1 along the dorsal-ventral axis rivaled differences across distinct pyramidal neuron classes. This variability emerged from a spectrum of continuous gene-expression gradients, producing a transcriptional profile consistent with a multifarious continuum of cells. This work reveals an unexpected amount of variability within a canonical and narrowly defined neuronal population and suggests that continuous, within-class heterogeneity may be an important feature of neural circuits.
Beyond Contract: Utilizing Restitution to Reach Shadow Offenders & Safeguard Information Privacy, Stanford University Press, Forthcoming

This essay is a book chapter in a forthcoming book by Stanford University Press (a collection of papers written in conjunction with a March 2004 privacy and security conference at Stanford Law School). The essay argues that liability under the theory of restitution should be imposed on third party companies that mishandle an individual's personal data. These third party companies are generally information brokers and aggregators that compile personal information on millions of individuals from a variety of commercial and governmental sources. The author refers to such entities as "shadow offenders" because they generally have no direct commercial or contractual relationship with consumers and lack privity of contract with consumers. Largely because of this lack of a direct commercial relationship, shadow offenders often escape notice and legal liability for their handling of personal data. A restitutionary remedy for victims of improper data use and handling at the hands of such entities would apply in cases wherein shadow offenders are unjustly enriched by their mishandling or misuse of personal information. Such a remedy would incentivize such third party companies to properly safeguard and handle personal information where, traditionally, few such incentives have existed. In addition, a remedy based in restitution would not only allow for a form of recovery that avoids the problems associated with attempting to bring causes of action based primarily in contract, but would also offer a means of redress that does not depend on conceptualizing personal data as property or calculating the monetary value of data to the individual. Finally, in contrast to public remedies obtained under consumer protection statutes, the restitutionary remedy allows for individualized recovery by consumers whose personal information is mishandled, misused, or improperly safeguarded.
Characterization and Monitoring of Silicon-on-Insulator Fabrication Processes by High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction

High-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) was used to monitor silicon-on-insulator (SOI) processing steps. The use of HRXRD is attractive since it is non-destructive and can be applied directly to product wafers. We show the usefulness of this technique for the characterization of amorphizing implants for shallow junctions, solid phase re-crystallization of implanted junctions, cobalt-silicide formation, and oxidation; all are critical processes for CMOS fabrication on SOI.
Comparison of methods for estimating short-term extreme response of wave energy converters

Short-term extreme response statistics are often required to obtain the long-term (deployment life) response for an offshore structure. A number of methods are available to produce these response statistics for data collected from either physical experimentation or numerical modeling. Here, we consider the application of a series of such methods to determine the short-term extreme response statistics for a simple wave energy converter (WEC). Using data created from a frequency-domain model, each method is implemented multiple times to provide an understanding of its accuracy and variance. The results are compared along with an empirical “truth” result that uses all of the available data. Trade-offs between the amount of data required by a given method and its accuracy are presented and discussed.
Image-processing pipelines: applications in magnetic resonance histology

Image processing has become ubiquitous in imaging research—so ubiquitous that it is easy to loose track of how diverse this processing has become. The Duke Center for In Vivo Microscopy has pioneered the development of Magnetic Resonance Histology (MRH), which generates large multidimensional data sets that can easily reach into the tens of gigabytes. A series of dedicated image-processing workstations and associated software have been assembled to optimize each step of acquisition, reconstruction, post-processing, registration, visualization, and dissemination. This talk will describe the image-processing pipelines from acquisition to dissemination that have become critical to our everyday work.
Induction of cleft palate in rabbits by several glucocorticoids.

SummarySix glucocorticoids were administered separately to pregnant rabbits of one breed over a 4-day period preceding the time of normal palate closure. Triamcinolone, dexamethasone and prednisolo...
alpha 3A beta 1 integrin localizes to focal contacts in response to diverse extracellular matrix proteins

In vitro binding assays and inhibition of cell adhesion with monoclonal antibodies have implicated the integrin alpha 3 beta 1 as a receptor for a variety of extracellular ligands. However, reports of alpha 3 beta 1-ligand interactions are inconsistent, and transfection studies have suggested that alpha 3 beta 1 is not sufficient for cell attachment to ligands other than kalinin/laminin 5. We used immunofluorescence to study subcellular localization of the alpha 3A cytoplasmic domain variant in different cultured cell types. Using standard fixation and permeabilization methods, antibodies specific for alpha 3A stained most cell types in a diffuse pattern, consistent with previous reports. Surprisingly, however, chemical cross-linking of integrins to the extracellular matrix and extraction of the cytoskeleton prior to immunofluorescence revealed alpha 3A in focal contacts of most cells tested, suggesting that the cytoplasmic domain was concealed in intact focal contacts by cytoskeletal or other cytoplasmic proteins. The alpha 3A subunit localized to focal contacts in several cell types cultured on fibronectin, kalinin/laminin 5, EHS-laminin/laminin 1, type IV collagen, or vitronectin. In contrast, alpha 5 and alpha V integrins were detected in focal contacts only in cells grown on their known ligands (fibronectin, and fibronectin or vitronectin, respectively). Therefore, our results show that alpha 3A beta 1 responds to a broad spectrum of extracellular ligands. Time course comparisons of the recruitment of alpha subunits from different fibronectin receptors suggested that localization of alpha 3A beta 1 to fibronectin-induced focal contacts was independent of the recruitment of alpha 5 and alpha 4 integrins. However, other studies have shown that alpha 3A beta 1 does not mediate initial cell adhesion to many of the ligands that induced its focal contact localization, including fibronectin. Therefore, we suggest that alpha 3A beta 1 may be a secondary receptor with post-cell-adhesion functions for a broad spectrum of extracellular matrices.
The Mental Health of Older LGBT Adults

There are approximately one million older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults in the USA. Their mental health issues result from interactions between genetic factors and stress associated with membership in a sexual minority group. Although advancements in acceptance and equal treatment of LGBT individuals have been occurring, sexual minority status remains associated with risks to physical and mental well-being. Older LGBT adults are more likely to have experienced mistreatment and discrimination due to living a majority of their lives prior to recent advancements in acceptance and equal treatment. All LGBT adults experience one common developmental challenge: deciding if, when, and how to reveal to others their gender identity and/or sexual orientation. LGBT individuals have higher rates of anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders and also are at increased risk for certain medical conditions like obesity, breast cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Improved education and training of clinicians, coupled with clinical research efforts, holds the promise of improved overall health and life quality for older LGBT adults.
Twisted Thiophene-Based Chromophores with Enhanced Intramolecular Charge Transfer for Cooperative Amplification of Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity.

Exploiting synergistic cooperation between multiple sources of optical nonlinearity, we report the design, synthesis, and nonlinear optical properties of a series of electron-rich thiophene-containing donor–acceptor chromophores with condensed π-systems and sterically regulated inter-aryl twist angles. These structures couple two key mechanisms underlying optical nonlinearity, namely, (i) intramolecular charge transfer, greatly enhanced by increased electron density and reduced aromaticity at chromophore thiophene rings and (ii) a twisted chromophore geometry, producing a manifold of close-lying excited states and dipole moment changes between ground and excited states that are nearly twice that of untwisted systems. Spectroscopic, electrochemical, and nonlinear Z-scan measurements, combined with quantum chemical calculations, illuminate relationships between molecular structure and mechanisms of enhancement of the nonlinear refractive index. Experiment and calculations together reveal ground-state struct...
Tolerance towards explosives, and explosives removal from groundwater in treatment wetland mesocosms.

A short-term study was performed to determine the feasibility of using constructed wetlands to remove explosives from groundwater, and to assess accumulation of parent explosives compounds and their known degradation compounds in wetland plants. Tolerance towards explosives in submersed and emergent plants was screened over a range of 0 to 40 mg L-1. Tolerance varied per compound, with TNT evoking the highest, 2NT the lowest, and 24DNT, 26DNT, and RDX an intermediate growth reducing effect. Submersed plants were more sensitive to TNT than emergent ones. A small-scale 4-month field study was carried out at the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant, Chattanooga, TN. In this surface-flow, modular system, the influent contained high levels (>2.1 mg L-1) of TNT, 2,4DNT, 2,6DNT, 2NT, 3NT, and 4NT, and the HRT was 7 days. The performance criteria of US EPA treatment goals for local discharge of 2,4DNT concentration <0.32 mg L-1, and 26DNT concentration <0.55 mg L-1 were not met at the end of the experiment, although explosives levels were greatly reduced. Low levels of 2ADNT and 4ADNT were transiently observed in the plant biomass. Results of two other, older, constructed wetlands, however, indicated that in these systems treatment goals were met most of the time, residues of explosives parent compounds and known degradation compounds in plant tissues were low and/or transient, and in substrates were low.
Time to Go Beyond Triple-Gauge-Boson-Coupling Interpretation of W Pair Production.

$W$ boson pair production processes at ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and $pp$ colliders have been conventionally interpreted as measurements of $WWZ$ and $WW\ensuremath{\gamma}$ triple gauge couplings (TGCs). Such an interpretation is based on the assumption that new physics effects other than anomalous TGCs are negligible. While this ``TGC dominance assumption'' was well motivated and useful at LEP2 thanks to precision electroweak constraints, it is already challenged by recent LHC data. In fact, contributions from anomalous $Z$ boson couplings that are allowed by electroweak precision data but neglected in LHC analyses, which are enhanced at high energy, can even dominate over those from the anomalous TGCs considered. This limits the generality of the anomalous TGC constraints derived in current analyses and necessitates extension of the analysis framework and a change of physics interpretation. The issue will persist as we continue to explore the high-energy frontier. We clarify and analyze the situation in the effective field theory framework, which provides a useful organizing principle for understanding standard model deviations in the high-energy regime.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in Latina women: Examining the efficacy of the Moms' Empowerment Program.

Objective Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem, affecting every 1 in 4 women in their lifetime. Latinas have been found to experience IPV at rates equal to or even higher than rates in the general population. The consequences of experiencing such violence can be severe, and result in increased risk for developing both physical and mental health problems, notably, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although treatments for PTSD in IPV-exposed women have been developed and evaluated, this is the first study to test the efficacy of a program tailored specifically to meet the needs of Latinas who experience IPV. Method This study examines the efficacy of a Spanish-language adaptation of the Moms' Empowerment Program, a 10-week group treatment program for IPV-exposed women. A total of 93 low-income, mostly immigrant Latinas were included in this community trial. All women were Spanish-speaking, and information about violence exposure and PTSD symptoms were collected immediately before and after the implementation of the intervention. Results Findings show that women who participated in the intervention had a significantly greater reduction in PTSD symptoms than women in the wait-list comparison group. Specific reductions by symptom domains were also analyzed. Conclusions This adaptation of a program designed to reduce problems associated with experiencing IPV addressed several mental health treatment needs for Latinas, particularly the need for services in Spanish. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to tailor current treatment programs for IPV in ways that are both effective and culturally sensitive. (PsycINFO Database Record
Two for the price of one: RNA modification enzymes as chaperones

Although folding of nascent proteins often requires assistance from molecular chaperones, the extent to which newly made RNAs need other macromolecules to help them reach their native states is less studied. One class of proteins and ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) that is proposed to assist RNA folding consists of the enzymes that modify RNA nucleosides. Of the more than 100 distinct modifications, the most abundant is pseudouridine, an isomer of uridine present in most types of RNA, including tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, and spliceosomal RNAs (1). Pseudouridine increases the rigidity of the RNA backbone and can enhance base stacking, stabilize base pairs, and alter RNA structure (2). Pseudouridine synthases fall into two categories, stand-alone enzymes and those pseudouridine synthases that function as part of archaeal and eukaryotic RNPs called box H/ACA RNPs. Although many stand-alone pseudouridine synthases are dispensable for viability of Escherichia coli and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , deletion of some tRNA pseudouridine synthases results in growth defects that can be complemented by catalytically inactive mutants (3⇓–5). Thus, these proteins are proposed to have a second function as tRNA chaperones (4, 5). Similarly, although the RNA moiety of box H/ACA RNPs guides the pseudouridine synthase to specific uridines (2), base-pairing between these box H/ACA RNAs and their pre-rRNA targets could also influence RNA folding (6). However, evidence that these proteins and RNPs act as chaperones is lacking, as is knowledge of the mechanisms by which they could function. In PNAS, Keffer-Wilkes et al. (7) use biophysical and genetic approaches to demonstrate that the stand-alone E. coli tRNA pseudouridine synthase B (TruB) assists tRNA folding in vitro, identify a molecular mechanism, and provide evidence that TruB is a tRNA chaperone in vivo. For relatively short molecules, tRNA biosynthesis is amazingly complex. All tRNAs are transcribed as precursors … [↵][1]1Email: sandra.wolin{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Development of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0.

The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) operationalizes indicators of addictive-like eating, originally based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for substance-use disorders. The YFAS has multiple adaptations, including a briefer scale (mYFAS). Recently, the YFAS 2.0 was developed to reflect changes to diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. The current study developed a briefer version of the YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) using the participant sample from the YFAS 2.0 validation paper (n = 536). Then, in an independent sample recruited from Mechanical Turk, 213 participants completed the mYFAS 2.0, YFAS 2.0, and measures of eating-related constructs in order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0, relative to the YFAS 2.0. The mYFAS 2.0 and YFAS 2.0 performed similarly on indexes of reliability, convergent validity with related constructs (e.g. weight cycling), discriminant validity with distinct measures (e.g. dietary restraint) and incremental validity evidenced by associations with frequency of binge eating beyond a measure of disinhibited eating. The mYFAS 2.0 may be an appropriate choice for studies prioritizing specificity when assessing for addictive-like eating or when a briefer measurement of food addiction is needed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A one-on-one interview with Ricardo Martinez, NHTSA's new administrator. Interview by Jack Sheehan.

From car crashes to pedestrians struck to bicyclists run down, vehicle accidents are among the most common EMS emergencies. The new man in charge of overseeing the safety of the nation's highways and motor vehicles is Ricardo Martinez, MD. Language: en
Warfield Duality and Module Extensions Over a Noetherian Domain

The relationship between the torsion-free property of certain extension functors and a duality defined by Warfield is explored. We show that Warfield duality holds over a Noetherian integral domain whose integral closure inside the quotient field is finite over the ring, if and only if every ideal can be generated by two elements.
“I’ll Always Consider Myself Mechanical”: Cyborg Juliette and the Shakespeare Apocalypse in Hugh Howey’s Silo Saga

Hugh Howey’s science fiction trilogy, the Silo Saga, explores the relationship between apocalypse, trauma, and memory, invoking Shakespeare by referring to a play-within-the-novel—The Tragic Historye of Romeus and Juliette—whose title suggests that in this post-apocalyptic world, “Shakespeare” has somehow become “(not) Shakespeare.” In the fictional world of the novel, such a transformation results from the systematic loss and gradual recovery of cultural memory that occurs in the wake of traumatic events. At the same time, the novel dramatizes the coming of age of Juliette Nichols, who becomes “(not) Juliet(te)”—that is, neither Shakespeare’s Juliet nor The Tragic Historye’s Juliette—when she responds to her own personal tragedies and traumatic events by attempting to fix things and prevent future catastrophes. She revises the script that previously defined her, becoming “(not) Juliet(te)”—a tool-wielding cyborg who selects her own profession and rewrites her own prescribed identity.
Tub Txawj, Ntxhais Ntse: Experiences of Hmong American Undergraduates

Exploring the educational experiences of 13 Hmong American undergraduates attending a predominantly White university, a total of six males and seven females participated in four semi-structured 90-minute focus groups (2 all female, 1 all male, and 1 mixed gender) framed within a psychosociocultural approach. Students shared their narratives about the individuals who influenced and the factors that informed their educational experience. The narratives were analyzed for emergent themes using a social constructivist approach and a multi-step content analysis. Twelve emergent meta-themes were identified and framed within the psychosociocultural approach. The psychological themes were college self-efficacy, feelings of intellectual phoniness, experience of microaggressions, and cognitive flexibility in making sense of the unwelcoming environment. The social dimension themes included different types of support from parents, siblings, Hmong college peers, and student-based groups and programs. Four themes emerged for the cultural dimension that included shifting perceptions of gender roles, community responsibility, community pressure, and shifting parent-child relationships. The study’s findings aligned with the extant research on Hmong American undergraduates and extended the understanding of gender scripts and the influence of familial and cultural expectations within higher education. Directions for future research and implications for student affairs professionals working with Hmong American undergraduates are discussed.
Convergent validity of actigraphy with polysomnography and parent reports when measuring sleep in children with Down syndrome

Background There is a need for rigorous measures of sleep in children with Down syndrome as sleep is a substantial problem in this population and there are barriers to obtaining the gold standard polysomnography (PSG). PSG is cost-prohibitive when measuring treatment effects in some clinical trials, and children with Down syndrome may not cooperate with undergoing a PSG. Minimal information is available on the validity of alternative methods of assessing sleep in children with Down syndrome, such as actigraphy and parent ratings. Our study examined the concurrent and convergent validity of different measures of sleep, including PSG, actigraphy and parent reports of sleep among children with Down syndrome. Method A clinic (n = 27) and a community (n = 47) sample of children with Down syndrome were examined. In clinic, children with Down syndrome wore an actigraph watch during a routine PSG. In the community, children with Down syndrome wore an actigraph watch for a week at home at night as part of a larger study on sleep and behaviour. Their parent completed ratings of the child's sleep during that same week. Results Actigraph watches demonstrated convergent validity with PSG when measuring a child with Down syndrome's total amount of sleep time, total wake time after sleep onset and sleep period efficiency. In contrast, actigraph watches demonstrated poor correlations with parent reports of sleep, and with PSG when measuring the total time in bed and total wake episodes. Actigraphy, PSG and parent ratings of sleep demonstrated poor concurrent validity with clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea. Conclusion Our current data suggest that actigraph watches demonstrate convergent validity and are sensitive to measuring certain sleep constructs (duration, efficiency) in children with Down syndrome. However, parent reports, such as the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, may be measuring other sleep constructs. These findings highlight the importance of selecting measures of sleep related to target concerns.
Peter Bellwood, First Migrants: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective (Malden, MA, Oxford and Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2013), 308 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4051-8908-8. £22.99/€31.10 pbk, ISBN: 978-1-4051-8909-5. £59.95/€81.00 hbk.

Peter Bellwood, First Migrants: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective (Malden, MA, Oxford and Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2013), 308 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4051-8908-8. £22.99/€31.10 pbk, ISBN: 978-1-4051-8909-5. £59.95/€81.00 hbk.
Ultrasound Is Reasonably Accurate in Detecting Synovitis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

In this systematic review of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ultrasonography was reasonably accurate compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting synovitis in fingers and wrists. The use of MRI as a reference standard is convenient, but problematic.
Levels in Pānini's Aṣṭādhyāyī

In 1969 Kiparsky and Staal proposed that Pānini'sAṣṭādhyāyī contained afour-level hierarchy of rules. While modifying the interrelation ofthe levels, Kiparsky (2002) still maintains the four-levelhierarchy. R. Rocher (1964: 51) and Cardona (1976: 215-224) arguedagainst such a hierarchy, the former maintaining that Pāninioperated just with a two-level hierarchy of meaning and speech.Cardona was willing to accept the propriety of speaking of oneintermediate level on the grounds that the assignment ofkāraka terms involved both semantic and cooccurrenceconditions. The present paper clarifies the issue, argues that theassignment of abstract l -affixes to the same level askāraka classification by Kiparsky is problematic, that mostrules considered to be purely phonetic (sandhi rules) in factinclude morphological conditions and concludes that although thereare intermediate stages in derivation, Pānini considers thereto be just two levels. The semantic and syntactic levels areproperly coalesced in a syntacticosemantic level and the abstractmorphological and the morphophonemic level are properly coalescedin a single morphophonemic level.
Clinical Update: Medical Care of Transsexual Patients

Transsexual patients often have difficulty finding care because many physicians are not comfortable prescribing appropriate hormone regimens. Management of hormones for transsexual patients is not difficult, and these medications are safer than many therapies routinely prescribed by the primary care physician. The diagnosis of gender identity disorder (GID) must be established by an experienced mental health professional prior to consideration for hormonal management. Medical evaluation includes a thorough medical history, social history, family history, physical examination, and basic laboratory screening. If there are no medical contraindications, a variety of regimens for the male-to-female transsexual may be initiated, with initial close follow-up for medical and psychological well-being. There is less variation in female-to-male management with testosterone, but initial frequent follow-up is equally important. This review is intended to teach primary care providers how to initiate and maintain hormone regimens for transsexual patients and describe medical issues unique to transsexual patients.
Differential and Hyperbolic Geometry in More Dimensions

The differential geometry of Chapter 5 is extended to spaces with more than two dimensions. General manifolds are defined, and a space is determined by a manifold equipped with a line element or metric tensor. In particular, the line element for three-dimensional hyperbolic space is given in terms of the spherical coordinates, and a second proof that the geometry of the horosphere is Euclidean is given. Various models of three-dimensional hyperbolic space are described. Lastly, spaces with indefinite metric, in which the metric tensor is not required to be a positive definite matrix, are discussed. A particular case of this is the Minkowski geometry used in the theory of special relativity. The Minkowski geometry appears in the next chapter in connection with the relation between hyperbolic isometries and Lorentz transformations of relativity theory.
Abstract 002: Adherence to Ideal Life’s Simple 7 Metrics is Associated With Epigenetic Biomarkers of Aging in African Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: DNA methylation age acceleration (DNAmAA) scores, which are epigenetic biomarkers of aging and physiological responses to environmental factors such as lifestyle and health behaviors,...