cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Housing the Decarcerated

The coronavirus pandemic exposed an issue at the intersection of the public health, carceral and housing crises – the lack of housing for the recently decarcerated. Early in the pandemic calls came to release incarcerated persons and cease arrests in light of the risks posed by failing to be able to socially distance while incarcerated. At the same time, the pandemic forced a national conversation about the sheer number of unhoused persons in our country. The pandemic created an emergent argument for both broad scale decarceration and publicly funded housing. The practical process of securing housing for the recently decarcerated, however, is fraught because of what is described in this article as the “culture of exclusion” that has long pervaded subsidized housing policy, enabled by a patchwork of federal laws, including the Anti-Drug Abuse Act (ADA) of 1988 and the Supreme Court case, HUD v. Rucker. The culture of exclusion is arbitrated by local housing authorities and works on three levels – eligibility, enforcement and set asides. As a result, formerly incarcerated persons are often rejected outright during the application process. In addition, persons who live in subsidized housing and are alleged to be engaged in or associated with anyone who is alleged to have participated in criminal conduct can be evicted making subsidized housing itself a pipeline into the prison industrial complex. This Article seeks to motivate a pathway towards housing the decarcerated by ending the culture of exclusion. In Part I, the article briefly updates the status of the prison abolition and right to housing movements. Part II builds on the idea that stable housing for formerly incarcerated persons is essential to the prison abolition movement’s success by reviewing summary results from pilot programs in New York, Washington and Michigan. Part III suggests that “one strike” policies, have created a broader “culture of exclusion,” which the Supreme Court validated in Rucker, further burdening the process of reentry for the recently decarcerated. Finally, Part IV, prescribes policy changes that are essential to housing the decarcerated even beyond repealing the ADA and overturning Rucker, including transcending the narrative of innocence, directing PHA discretion to admit not deny and utilizing civil rights laws to equalize voucher holders.
Interactions of cone cannabinoid CB1 and dopamine D4 receptors increase day/night difference in rod-cone gap junction coupling in goldfish retina.

Key points Although cone and rod photoreceptor cells in the retina have a type of cannabinoid receptor called a CB1 receptor, little is known about how cannabinoids, the active component in marijuana, affect retinal function. Studies have shown that a circadian (24-hour) clock in the retina uses dopamine receptors, which are also on photoreceptors, to regulate gap junctions (a type of cell-to-cell communication) between rods and cones, so that they are functional (open) at night but closed in the day. We show that CB1 receptors have opposite effects on rod-cone gap junctions in day and night, decreasing communication in the day when dopamine receptors are active and increasing communication when dopamine receptors are inactive. CB1 and dopamine receptors thus work together to enhance the day/night difference in rod-cone gap junction communication. The increased rod-cone communication at night due to cannabinoid CB1 receptors may help improve night vision. Abstract Cannabinoid CB1 receptors and dopamine D4 receptors in the brain form receptor complexes that interact but the physiological function of these interactions in intact tissue remains unclear. In vertebrate retina, rods and cones, which are connected by gap junctions, express both CB1 and D4 receptors. Because the retinal circadian clock uses cone D4 receptors to decrease rod-cone gap junction coupling in the day and to increase it at night, we studied whether an interaction between cone CB1 and D4 receptors increases the day/night difference in rod-cone coupling compared to D4 receptors acting alone. Using electrical recording and injections of Neurobiotin tracer into individual cones in intact goldfish retinas, we found that SR141716A (CB1 receptor antagonist) application alone in the day increased both the extent of rod-cone tracer coupling and rod input to cones, which reaches cones via open gap junctions. Conversely, SR141716A application alone at night or SR141716A application in the day following 30-min spiperone (D4 receptor antagonist) application decreased both rod-cone tracer coupling and rod input to cones. These results show that endogenous activation of cone CB1 receptors decreases rod-cone coupling in the day when D4 receptors are activated but increases it at night when D4 receptors are not activated. Therefore, the D4 receptor-dependent day/night switch in the effects of CB1 receptor activation results in an enhancement of the day/night difference in rod-cone coupling. This synergistic interaction increases detection of very dim large objects at night and fine spatial details in the day. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nature Has No Elementary Particles and Makes No Measurements or Predictions: Quantum Measurement and Quantum Theory, from Bohr to Bell and from Bell to Bohr.

This article reconsiders the concept of physical reality in quantum theory and the concept of quantum measurement, following Bohr, whose analysis of quantum measurement led him to his concept of a (quantum) “phenomenon,” referring to “the observations obtained under the specified circumstances,” in the interaction between quantum objects and measuring instruments. This situation makes the terms “observation” and “measurement,” as conventionally understood, inapplicable. These terms are remnants of classical physics or still earlier history, from which classical physics inherited it. As defined here, a quantum measurement does not measure any preexisting property of the ultimate constitution of the reality responsible for quantum phenomena. An act of measurement establishes a quantum phenomenon by an interaction between the instrument and the quantum object or in the present view the ultimate constitution of the reality responsible for quantum phenomena and, at the time of measurement, also quantum objects. In the view advanced in this article, in contrast to that of Bohr, quantum objects, such as electrons or photons, are assumed to exist only at the time of measurement and not independently, a view that redefines the concept of quantum object as well. This redefinition becomes especially important in high-energy quantum regimes and quantum field theory and allows this article to define a new concept of quantum field. The article also considers, now following Bohr, the quantum measurement as the entanglement between quantum objects and measurement instruments. The argument of the article is grounded in the concept “reality without realism” (RWR), as underlying quantum measurement thus understood, and the view, the RWR view, of quantum theory defined by this concept. The RWR view places a stratum of physical reality thus designated, here the reality ultimately responsible for quantum phenomena, beyond representation or knowledge, or even conception, and defines the corresponding set of interpretations quantum mechanics or quantum field theory, such as the one assumed in this article, in which, again, not only quantum phenomena but also quantum objects are (idealizations) defined by measurement. As such, the article also offers a broadly conceived response to J. Bell’s argument “against ‘measurement’”.
Puerto Rican Student Activism and Enacting Consciousness in Chicago: Learned Lessons and Implications for Practice:

This research study focuses on how the racialized experiences of second-generation Puerto Rican student activists in Chicago during the social movement era increased their political identity to dem...
An ossifying fibroma of the mandible. Report of a case.

Abstract A case of ossifying fibroma of the mandible has been presented. Treatment consisted of complete enucleation and curettage following a frozen-section diagnosis.
Immunological characterization of rabbit hemoglobin α and β chain synthesizing polysomes. Estimation of relative numbers of active α and β messenger ribonucleic acid

Abstract Anti-hemoglobin chain antibodies, purified by immunoadsorption to Sepharose-linked antigen and thereby made both RNase-free and immunologically specific for either β or α chain, are readily bound by nascent hemoglobin chains attached to rabbit reticulocyte polysomes. Antibodies to other antigens, e.g. anti-immunoglobulin G, are not bound. Use of chain-specific antibodies enabled us to determine quantitatively the mean number of ribosomes associated with rabbit hemoglobin β- and α-messenger RNA. Such mean sizes of β- and α-polysomes could be calculated, for example, from density gradient profiles of polysomes previously coated with either 125I-labeled anti-β chain or 125I-labeled anti-α chain. Complementary estimates were obtained, pre- and postimmunoprecipitation, from (a) the A260 density gradient profiles of polysomes and (b) the profiles of β and α polysomes differentially labeled with [3H]isoleucine and [14C]valine. All estimates were similar; viz. the β:α ratio for mean number of ribosomes per mRNA ranged from 1.5 to 1.86. Among unaltered polysomes from the same rabbits, the β:α ratio for total relative numbers of synthetically active β and α ribosomes was calculated from y intercepts of Dintzis-Naughton plots to be ∼1.04 to 1.17. With these two kinds of β:α ratios as a basis, the relative numbers of active α-mRNA and β-mRNA were found to be somewhat greater than previously described by Lodish and Jacobsen ((1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 3622). For individual animals, the α-mRNA:β-mRNA ratio ranged from 1.28 to 1.78. The addition of the further 25% of α-mRNA which is unattached to polysomes (Jacobs-Lorena, M., and Baglioni, C. (1972) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 69, 1425) suggests that total α-mRNA is 2-fold more abundant than β-mRNA.
Crimeware swindling without virtual machines

In previous work, we introduced a bait-injection system designed to delude and detect crimeware by forcing it to reveal itself during the exploitation of captured information. Although effective as a technique, our original system was practically limited, as it was implemented in a personal VM environment. In this paper, we investigate how to extend our system by applying it to personal workstation environments. Adapting our system to such a different environment reveals a number of challenging issues, such as scalability, portability, and choice of physical communication means. We provide implementation details and we evaluate the effectiveness of our new architecture.
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from cirrhotic patients retain similar capacity for maturation/activation and antigen presentation as those from healthy subjects (HUM7P.290)

Defects in dendritic cell function have been implicated in impaired T-cell responses against chronic hepatitis viruses but few studies have investigated the impact of liver cirrhosis on DC function. The purpose of this study was to compare the activation and APC capacity of MoDC from cirrhotic relative to healthy donors. CD14+ monocytes isolated from PBMC from cirrhotic or healthy donors were matured with GM-CSF/IL-4 x 24h, then activated with TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6/PGE2/GM-CSF/IL-4 x24h with pre- and post-activation phenotyping. MoDCs were irradiated to 30Gy and pulsed with 15mer peptide pools for two liver tumor antigens alphafetoprotein (AFP) and glypican-3 (GPC3) as well as 9-10mer peptides for CMV/EBV/influenza (CEF). Autologous T-cells purified from PBMC were plated with irradiated/pulsed DC (5:1) and expanded with IL-2, IL-15 and IL-21, refeeding on d13 and d20. Expanded T-cells were evaluated by IFNγ ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining on d27. 13 patients with cirrhosis (CIR) and 5 healthy age-matched donors (HD) were studied. No significant difference were identified in MoDC maturation/co-stimulatory phenotype between HD and CIR examining CD40, CD70, CD83, CD86, CD137, OX40L, or HLA-DR. No significant differences were observed in MoDC expansion of AFP, GPC3 or CEF-specific IFNγ+ T-cells by Elispot or ICCS. Conclusion: MoDCs isolated from cirrhotic individuals retain similar capacity for activation, maturation and antigen-presentation as those from healthy donors.
High-rate space-time codes motivated by SU(3)

Fully-diverse constellations, i.e., a set of unitary matrices whose pairwise differences are nonsingular, are useful in multiantenna communications especially in multiantenna differential modulation, since they have good pairwise error properties. Recently, group theoretic ideas, especially fixed-point-free (fpf) groups, have been used to design fully-diverse constellations of unitary matrices. Here we give systematic methods to design space-time codes which are appropriate for three-transmit-antenna differential modulation. The structures of the codes are motivated by the Lie group SU(3). One of the codes, called the AB code, has a fast decoding algorithm using the complex sphere decoder. The diversity products of the codes can be easily calculated and simulated performances show that the codes are better than the group-based codes (A. Shokrollahi, et al., 2001) especially at high rates and as good as the elaborately-designed nongroup codes (A. Shokrollahi, et al., 2001).
Cross-cultural views of self in the treatment of mental illness : disentangling the curative aspects of myth from the mythic aspects of cure

This paper compares Eastern and Western concepts of self within the context of the healing process. I draw upon the work of Sudhir Kakar and Heinz Kohut to illustrate differences in how mental illness is expressed and treated in India and the United States. I propose that cultural variances in the way that illness is expressed and treated relate to differences in culturally determined "myths" of the self. In India, where Kakar lives and works, the self is conceived as fluid and interdependent; in the West, the self is conceived as more solid and autonomous. The therapeutic methods employed by the Western-trained psychoanalyst and psychotherapist make use of the Western myth of self. Likewise, in India the shaman heals in accordance with the myths available to him. No matter what our cultural background, such myths lend coherence to our experience and influence the way in which we solve our problems, including the problem of "mental illness." Finally, I suggest that these "myths" of self are not static and point out ways in which the Western myth of self is evolving. As these myths change, so do our methods of treating mental illness.
Computer-aided design of monolithic MESFET distributed amplifiers

A computerized optimization method called simulated annealing is applied to the design of monolithic distributed amplifiers. The element values in the small-signal equivalent circuit model of the MESFETs, the characteristics of the gate and drain transmission lines, and the number of stages are generated to match a specified frequency response by this computer-aided design (CAD) process. The success of this process lies in the fact that it is fully automatic and the only input needed is the desired flat band gain and the 3 dB point. The method itself is sufficiently general that it can be applied to a variety of design problems. Excellent agreement is shown when the distributed amplifier designed is simulated using Touchstone, a popular microwave simulation program. >
Genetics: Crossover control in two steps

During meiotic cell division, chromosome pairs exchange genetic material in a tightly controlled crossover process. Higher-order chromosome structure may regulate this genetic reshuffling at two distinct stages of meiosis.
Efficient and flexible location management techniques for wireless communication systems

We consider the problem of managing the information required to locate users in a wireless communication system, with a focus on designing and evaluating location management techniques that are efficient, scalable, and flexible. The three key contributions of this paper are: (1) a family of location management techniques, HiPER (for Hierarchical ProfilE Replication), that efficiently provide life‐long (non‐geographic) numbering with fast location lookup; (2) Pleiades, a scalable event‐driven wireless system simulator with realistic calling and mobility patterns derived from several months of real traffic traces; and (3) multi‐day simulations comparing our proposed location management techniques with current and previously proposed techniques on a realistic geographical and network topology.
A restraining device for electrophysiological recording in the unanesthetized cat

Abstract A device is described for restraining unanesthetized cats during electrophysiological recording sessions. A method of permanently attaching a pedestal to the cat skull is discussed. The pedestal, in conjunction with the box, is used to restrain the animal.
Norepinephrine and 3,4-Dihydroxy-Phenethylamine Turnover in Guinea Pig Brain in vivo

By administering C(14)-la-beled tyrosine or H(3)-labeled 3,4-dihy-droxyphenylalanine to guinea pigs it has been possible to achieve sufficient labeling of the norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain to permit measurement of their turnover rates. The half-life of brain dopamine was about 2.5 hours. The half-life of norepinephrine was about 4 hours, suggesting a rate of synthesis of at least 0.03 to 0.04, microg/g per hr or 2.4 microg/day for the whole guinea pig brain.
Knowing Communities: A Review of Community Assessment Literature

Since the late 1800s library and information science (LIS) publications have discussed community assessment as a process for librarians to acknowledge the distinct needs and interests of their communities and respond by meeting those needs. The varied publications on the topic do not authorize any community assessment model or conceptual framework as the professional standard. This literature review examines community assessment publications, primarily in LIS. Instructional resources and publications provide a variety of suggestions for methods of conducting community assessments, while case studies illustrate the successes and challenges of various methods. Librarians must continue community engagement and advance cultural awareness in community assessment.
OXIDANT-SENSITIVE PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Abstract Reactive oxygen is an important regulator of vascular cell biology; however, the mechanisms involved in transducing signals from oxidants in endothelial cells are poorly defined. Because protein phosphorylation is a major mechanism for signal ransduction, cultured aortic endothelial cells were exposed to nonlethal concentrations of H 2 O 2 to examine oxidant-sensitive changes in phosphorylation state. Addition of H 2 O 2 increases the phosphorylation of the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) within 2 min. This response is maximal by 20 min and remains constant for more than 45 min. Levels of intrcellular free Ca 2+ in endothelial cells did not change following addition of 100 μM H 2 O 2 , nor did the ability of the cells to respond to bradykinin. H 2 O 2 -induced phosphorylations were either not affected or were slightly increased in cells pretreated with PKC inhibitors (H-8, staurosporin, or calphostin c). Two-dimensional analysis of phosphoproteins from homogenates of 32 P-labeled cells revealed that phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) did not cause the same degree of HSP27 phosphorylation as H 2 O 2 . Simultaneous addition of 10 ηM PMA and 50 μM H 2 O 2 decreased the oxidant-stimulated phoshorylation of the most acidic HSP27 isoform. These data suggest that signal transduction for H 2 O 2 -sensitive endothelial cell responses are not only independent of PKC, but may also be suppressed by the action of the kinase.
How we subsidize "offshore" medical schools.

There is a growing concern in the United States that our medical schools are graduating too many physicians and our teaching hospitals are training too many residents. Although the number of studen...
Page charges and copyright

What the AGU charges authors for publishing their work in its journals is and should be, to a certain extent, self regulating. It would be economically suicidal to charge less than necessary to meet the deficit beyond the income from subscribers, and it would also be self-defeating to charge more than necessary and therefore discourage potential contributors. Costs are already sufficiently discouraging. The arguments given by Harrison in the November 6 EOS, 60(45), for the differential in cost between copyrighted and public domain articles, however, concern the equitable sharing of those costs, and I take issue with the validity of the reasoning therein.
Abstract 4975: Identification of a novel interaction between EZH2 and p38 in triple negative breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: Breast cancer accounts for more than 40,000 deaths yearly in the United States, the majority of which are due to metastatic disease. The histone methyltransferase EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) is a member of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) responsible for transcriptional repression by trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27. EZH2 is an independent predictor of recurrence and mortality that is overexpressed in 55% of invasive breast carcinomas. We previously identified a novel link between EZH2 and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, an important mediator of breast cancer progression and metastasis. EZH2 binds to p38, and overexpression of EZH2 leads to phosphorylation and activation of p38. Based on in vitro evidence and recent studies implicating EZH2 in the methylation of non-histone targets, we hypothesized that EZH2 may methylate p38 in breast cancer cells. We further hypothesized that this methylation event may be important for p38 activation or stability. Methods: In order to test this hypothesis, we used stable shRNA knockdown of EZH2 in MDA-MB-231 and SUM149 breast cancer cell lines. We performed co-immunoprecipitation using p38 and pan-methyl lysine antibodies to assess changes in methylated p38 by immunoblot. We are currently performing LC MS/MS analysis to identify the specific residues that are methylated by PRC2 both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, in order to localize this interaction, we performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments on fractionated MDA-MB-231 and SUM149 lysates. Results: Stable knockdown of EZH2 resulted in reduced methylated p38 compared to vector controls, suggesting that EZH2 methylates p38 in vivo. We found that EZH2 and p38 interact in nuclear and, surprisingly, cytoplasmic fractions. Conclusions. We provide evidence that in addition to being a nuclear protein, EZH2 can be found in the cytoplasm of TNBCs, where it is able to complex with p38. Taken together, our data suggest that p38 methylation may represent an additional mechanism by which EZH2 mediates breast cancer progression in TNBC. Citation Format: Talha Anwar, Heather Moore, Maria E. Gonzalez, Celina Kleer. Identification of a novel interaction between EZH2 and p38 in triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4975. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4975
Pattern recognition of big nutritional data in RCT

As technology develops and research environment improves, large volume of data is collected for analyses. Unfortunately, these data are collected but not fully used or untouched. Particularly, such big data from health and medical studies pose significant challenges to the methodological field. This paper presents a new multi-clustering approach for pattern recognition of big data in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with multi-validation criteria. Specifically, a nutritional dataset was used to demonstrate our approach, which was generated from an NIH-funded RCT for patients with metabolic syndrome. The proposed approach includes a suite of emerging and popular clustering methods: probability-based Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Hidden Markov Random Fields(HMRFs), Self-Organizing Map (SOM)-based neural networks, K-means and Agglomerative Hierarchical method. Using our RCT data and multi-validation criteria, our approach identified a most sufficient set of nutritional variables and detected distinct dietary change patterns with a universal agreement among the proposed multi-methods. The trajectory patterns were then generated using the method with the most clustering accuracy which was cross-validated via simulation. These patterns generated new and finer results for outcomes of the RCT. While our approach demonstrated a more accurate and comprehensive clustering only for nutritional data in RCT, it can be generalized to big data in other research fields.
Kinetic study of the oxidative addition of methyl iodide to Vaska’s complex in ionic liquids

Abstract Oxidative addition of methyl iodide to Vaska’s complex in the ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate [C4mim][OTf], [C4mim] bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide [Tf2N], and N-hexylpyridinium [C6pyr][Tf2N] occurred cleanly to give the expected Ir(III) oxidative addition product. Pseudo-first order rate constants were determined for the oxidative addition reaction in each solvent ([Vaska’s] = 0.25 mM, [CH3I] = 37.5 mM). The observed rate constants under these conditions were 5–10 times slower than the rate seen in DMF. At high methyl iodide concentrations (>23 mM), the expected first order dependence on methyl iodide was not observed. In each ionic liquid, there was no change in the reaction rates within experimental error over the methyl iodide concentration range of 23–75 mM. At lower methyl iodide concentration, a decrease in rate was observed in [C4mim][Tf2N] with decreasing concentration of methyl iodide.
Rare Incidence of Ventricular Tachycardia and Torsades de Pointes in Hospitalized Patients With Prolonged QT Who Later Received Levofloxacin: A Retrospective Study

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in patients with prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) who received levofloxacin through retrospective chart review at a tertiary care teaching hospital in the United States. Patients and Methods We selected 1004 consecutive hospitalized patients with prolonged QTc (>450 ms) between October 9, 2009 and June 12, 2012 at our institution. Levofloxacin was administered orally and/or intravenously and adjusted to renal function in the inpatient setting. The primary outcome measure was sustained ventricular tachycardia recorded electrocardiographically. Results With a median time from the start of levofloxacin use to hospital discharge (or death) of 4 days (range, 1-94 days), only 2 patients (0.2%; 95% CI, 0.0%-0.7%) experienced the primary outcome of sustained ventricular tachycardia after the initiation of levofloxacin use. Conclusion In this study, the short-term risk for sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with a prolonged QTc who subsequently received levofloxacin was very rare. These results suggest that levofloxacin may be a safe option in patients with prolonged QTc; however, studies with longer follow-up are needed.
More efficient ion transport for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract A modification of the ion-lens system in an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer has been studied in an attempt to improve the ion transport efficiency. The modification consists of the placement of a metal rod down the axis of the lens-stack. The rod is suspended in place via a ceramic insulator inserted through the photon stop. A negative potential is applied to the rod to help focus the positively charged ions into the quadrupole. Prior to the implementation of this modification, a simple model was developed to determine if the voltages required would be practical. The resulting simulated ion trajectories showed that focusing occurs with applied voltages on the order of −10 V, which was approximately the optimal voltage found experimentally. The experimental data presented show that, with the modification, the limits of detection for 15 elements (m/z ranging from 24 through 238) improved by factors ranging from two to ten times over those of the unmodified instrument
Density estimation for a class of stationary nonlinear processes

Let {X t ;t∈ℤ be a strictly stationary nonlinear process of the formX t =e t +∑ r=1 ∞ W rt , whereW rt can be written as a functiong r (e t−1,...e t-r-q ), {e t ;t∈ℤ is a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables withE|e1| g 0 andq≥0 is fixed integer. Under certain mild regularity conditions ofg r and {e t } we then show thatX 1 has a density functionf and that the standard kernel type estimator\(\hat f_n (x)\) baded on a realization {X 1,...,X n } from {X t } is, asymptotically, normal and converges a.s. tof(x) asn→∞.
Intrinsic glue distribution at very small x

We compute the distribution functions for gluons at very small x and not too large values of transverse momenta. We extend the McLerran-Venugopalan model by using renormalization group methods to integrate out effects due to those gluons which generate an effective classical charge density for Weizs{umlt a}cker-Williams fields. We argue that this model can be extended from the description of nuclei at small x to the description of hadrons at yet smaller values of x. This generates a Lipatov-like enhancement for the intrinsic gluon distribution function and a nontrivial transverse momentum dependence as well. We estimate the transverse momentum dependence for the distribution functions, and show how the issue of unitarity is resolved in lepton-nucleus interactions. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
What could a message mean to a cloud? Kalidasa travels West

This article concerns the issue of cultural re-framing of a work from a distant time and place. I look at two translations of Kalidasa's poem Meghaduta, “The Cloud Messenger.” The first, published by Horace Wilson in 1814, was a highly assimilative translation but was very intelligently framed in Wilson's introduction and extensive annotations to make the poem legible to readers of the Greek and Roman classics while bringing out cultural difference. My second example, by the American translator Leonard Nathan in 1976, is a much better translation but actually a less successful cultural re-framing, as Nathan's introduction and notes play down the poem's violence and eroticism in order to give the poem a quasi-New-Critical balance and harmony. In discussing these translations, I ask how they work for readers with no knowledge of Sanskrit or of ancient Indian culture, using the translations to suggest ways in which readers can negotiate radical cultural/temporal difference.
Temporal Complexity of the Order Parameter at the Phase Transition

We study a decision making model in a condition where it is equivalent to the two-dimensional Ising model, and we show that at the onset of phase transition it generates temporal complexity, namely, nonstationary and nonergodic fluctuations. We argue that this is a general property of criticality, thereby opening the door to the application of the recently discovered phenomenon of complexity matching: For an efficient transfer of information to occur, a perturbing complex network must share the same temporal complexity as the perturbed complex network.
A high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of gas-phase hydrogen peroxide in ambient air using Fenton’s chemistry

Abstract A new method for determination of hydrogen peroxide in atmospheric samples is described. Cryogenically collected H 2 O 2 is reacted with sodium salicylate in the presence of Fe 2+ to produce dihydroxybenzoate, which is separated from the reaction mixture by high performance liquid chromatography and detected by UV absorption. Measurements of atmospheric H 2 O 2 were conducted in Las Vegas, NV from June 1999 to December 1999 to evaluate and characterize the method. Measured mixing ratios of H 2 O 2 (there were also non-detects) ranged from 0.012 to 2.74 ppbv, with expected correlations to primary gaseous pollutants and strong seasonal variation consistent with a photochemically derived species. It was concluded that the method is easy to use and has sufficient sensitivity and selectivity to be useful in atmospheric monitoring.
Three-dimensional structure, function and genetic control of immunoglobulins

Recent crystallographic analyses of the three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulins have shown how it is related to their binding affinities. Considered with evidence from sequencing, it is beginning to cast some light on how the genetics of immunoglobulins could have evolved to maximise binding diversity with a minimal genetic load.
Isolation and transformation of primary mesenchymal cells of the chick embryo

Abstract Pure primary mesenchymal cells from definitive streak stage chick embryos have been prepared free of epiblast and hypoblast cells. These cells have the potential in culture to differentiate into erythroid cells, beating heart muscle tissue, chondrocytes and epithelial cells. Transformation in vitro of pure primary mesenchymal cells by avian erythroblastosis virus ( wt -AEV) and a temperature-sensitive mutant ( ts 34-AEV) gave rise to rapidly growing cells which remained largely undifferentiated, could be cloned in semi-solid medium and could be maintained for up to 3 months in culture. The majority of mesenchymal cells transformed by wt -AEV (MAE cells) are benzidine-negative. Gel electrophoresis of radioactively labeled cell proteins, immunoprecipitated with specific antisera against chicken hemoglobin, showed that MAE cell clones synthesize the α D , π (or π 1 ) and some unidentified "globin" polypeptide chains. Treatment of MAE cell clones with 1.0 mM n-butyrate stops cell proliferation reversibly and causes an increased synthesis of α D and π (or π 1 ) globin polypeptide chains. In certain clones of mesenchymal cells transformed by a temperature-sensitive mutant of the virus, ts 34-AEV (MAE- ts 34 cells), benzidine-positive cells can be induced by a shift from 37° to 41 °C. The ability of the clone to undergo an increase in benzidine-positivity by temperature shift is decreased with the age of the clone. Different clones show a variable proportion of cells which are positive by immunofluorescence for both globin and chicken-specific histone H5. The α A and α D globin chains are synthesized in MAE- ts 34 clones, but the ratios and quantities of these chains vary for different clones. Temperature shift made little difference in the types and quantities of globin chains synthesized; the increase in benzidine positivity is probably due to an increase in heme biosynthesis.
Dielectric Constant Measurements Using Dielectrophoretic Levitation

A dielectrophoretic levitation scheme is used to measure the dielectric constant of insulating dieletric liquids and small solid spherical particles. The fixed ring-disk electrode system is first calibrated against a known standard dielectric liquid by levitating a small gas bubble in the liquid at a fixed location. The measurements are then performed by measuring the voltage required to levitate a gas bubble in the unknown liquid at the same location with respect to the electrode structure. A similar procedure is used for solid spherical particles. The system is unique because it requires no detailed knowledge of the electric field. Fabrication of the electrodes does not require precision machining, and the structure is relatively insensitive to leveling. The size of the gas bubble or solid particle is not critical as long as it is much smaller than the electrode structure. The measurement precision is limited by the accuracy of the voltage measurements and by the accuracy to which the dielectric constant (of the standard) and the specific gravities (of the unknown and the standard) are known. The measurements presented support the contention that this method is a simple and reliable method of measuring the dielectric constant of insulating dielectric liquids.
The role of prostaglandins in the development of refractoriness to LH stimulation by Graafian follicles.

Abstract The possibility that prostaglandins might be responsible for the development of the pre-ovulatory refractoriness to the stimulation by LH of cyclic AMP accumulation in vitro in the Graafian follicle was examined. Isolated rabbit Graafian follicles were obtained at estrus and at 0.5, 5 and 9 hours after an ovulatory dose of LH. The follicles were incubated in vitro in the presence of [8-3H]adenine and the accumulation of [8-3H]cyclic AMP measured. Follicles from estrous animals responded to the in vitro addition of LH with a marked increase of cyclic AMP accumulation and lost this response as the time of ovulation approached. Animals pretreated with indomethacin, which inhibits the usual pre-ovulatory rise of follicular prostaglandin levels, showed essentially the same loss of responsiveness. Indomethacin alone was without effect. It is concluded that prostaglandins are not the major factor in the development of refractoriness to LH stimulation in vitro which has been observed in pre-ovulatory follicles.
Use of an emergency medical pictorial communication book during simulated disaster conditions

During disasters, the needs of victims outstrip available resources. Rapid assessment of patients must be performed; however, language barriers can be an impediment to efficient patient assessment, especially if interpreter resources are limited. Dependency on interpretive services requiring technology such a telephones, cell phones, and video conferencing may be inefficient, as they may be unavailable during disaster conditions. A low-tech, portable tool that aids in communication with non-English speakers would be beneficial. The medical emergency communication (MEC) book, developed at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, has the potential to be a useful tool in this capacity. The goal of this pilot study was to compare the accuracy of a newly developed disaster-focused medical history obtained from Spanish-speaking patients or caregivers using the MEC book, compared to a control group with whom no book was used. Our hypothesis was that use of the MEC book improves accuracy of medical history taking between English-only speaking health care workers and Spanish-speaking patients better than a monolingual clinician trying to take a medical history without it. We anticipated a higher overall score in the group of subjects whose histories were taken using the MEC book than in the control group. Patient satisfaction with the MEC book also was measured.
The Question of the Commons: the Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources

This collection of eighteen original essays evaluates the use and misuse of common-property resources, taking as its starting point ecologist Garret Hardin's assertion in "The Tragedy of the Commons" that common property is doomed to overexploitation in any society. This book represents the first cross-cultural test of Hardin's argument and argues that, while tragedies of the commons do occur under some circumstances, local institutions have proven resilient and responsive to the problems of communal resource use.
Measuring author research relatedness: A comparison of word-based, topic-based, and author cocitation approaches

Relationships between authors based on characteristics of published literature have been studied for decades. Author cocitation analysis using mapping techniques has been most frequently used to study how closely two authors are thought to be in intellectual space based on how members of the research community co-cite their works. Other approaches exist to study author relatedness based more directly on the text of their published works. In this study we present static and dynamic word-based approaches using vector space modeling, as well as a topic-based approach based on latent Dirichlet allocation for mapping author research relatedness. Vector space modeling is used to define an author space consisting of works by a given author. Outcomes for the two word-based approaches and a topic-based approach for 50 prolific authors in library and information science are compared with more traditional author cocitation analysis using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The two word-based approaches produced similar outcomes except where two authors were frequent co-authors for the majority of their articles. The topic-based approach produced the most distinctive map. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implementation of Intraperitoneal Chemotheraphy for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer

In January 2006, a clinical announcement made by the National Cancer Institute suggested that intraperitoneal chemotherapy become standard care for patients with newly diagnosed stage III, optimally debulked epithelial ovarian cancer. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is new to many healthcare providers (i.e., physicians, nurses, and pharmacists). This article will discuss how to implement intraperitoneal chemotherapy in practice. Education and experience are the keys to successful implementation.
Robot grasp planning based on demonstrated grasp strategies

This paper presents a novel robot grasping planning approach that extracts grasp strategies (grasp type, and thumb placement and direction) from human demonstration and integrates them into the grasp planning procedure to generate a feasible grasp concerning the target object geometry and manipulation task. Our study results show that the grasp strategies of grasp type and thumb placement not only represent important human grasp intentions, but also provide meaningful constraints on hand posture and wrist position, which highly reduce both the feasible workspace of a robotic hand and the search space of the grasp planning. This approach has been thoroughly evaluated both in simulation and with a real robotic system for multiple daily living representative objects. We have also demonstrated the robustness of our approach in the experiment with different levels of perception uncertainties.
Models for understanding adolescent coping with bereavement

Abstract Several issues impinge on scholars and practitioners interested in adolescent bereavement. First and foremost, adolescent bereavement over the death of a family member or a friend is more prevalent than many persons recognize. Second, scholars and practitioners need models that link adolescent development with adolescent coping during bereavement. Third, models are needed (a) to assist in rethinking what “recovery from bereavement” denotes and (b) to afford criteria for assessing recovery from bereavement. The author reviews findings on bereavement during adolescent development and gives particular attention to three models that enhance our understanding of coping with the life crises bereavement presents to adolescents. One model links grief during adolescence to developmental tasks; another model presents adaptive tasks and coping skills; and the third model identifies sentiments essential for human wholeness. Findings from a variety of studies with bereaved adolescents provide data to test the...
SiO2 Sol−Gel Composite Films Containing Redox-Active, Polypyridyl−Ruthenium Polymers

The RuII-bpy derivatized, polystyrene polymers, [PS−CH2CH2NHCO−(RuII)n]Cl2n (n = 18 or 20), have been incorporated into SiO2 sol−gels and deposited as thin films on ITO (In2O3:Sn) electrodes. In these optically transparent, redox-active composite membranes, RuII can be oxidized reversibly to RuIII. With [Os(bpy)3]2+ or the [PS−CH2CH2NHCO−(OsII)20]Cl40 in an external CH3CN solution they display diffusional redox mediation and rectifying behavior. Cyclic voltammograms as a function of scan potential in the presence of [Os(bpy)3]2+ are shown at right.
Elucidation of heterocumulene activation by a nucleophilic-at-metal iridium(I) carbene

A carbene complex supported by the (PNP)Ir framework is shown to facilitate sulfur-atom transfer from CS2 and PhNCS by an unusual multiple-bond metathesis pathway, and kinetically trapped intermediates are provided to support the proposed metal-initiated mechanism for heterocumulene activation. Experimental and theoretical studies on a series of (PNP)Ir−L complexes suggest that a high-lying, nucleophilic Ir(dz2) orbital mediates this unique reactivity. The combination of evidence indicates that square-planar Ir(I) carbenes of this type are best formulated as nucleophilic-at-metal carbenes, exhibiting reactivity initiated by a nucleophilic metal center rather than a nucleophilic or electrophilic carbene and providing products that are complementary to those typically observed for high-valent alkylidenes.
Nonlinkage of the T cell receptor α, β, and γ genes to systemic lupus erythematosus in multiplex families

To test the possibility that T cell antigen receptor (TcR) genes are linked to the genes involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), genomic DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms were studied, using the Southern blot technique, in 5 families with multiple members with SLE, 14 unrelated SLE patients, and 14 normal controls. Polymorphic patterns were detected with probes for all 3 TcR chains, but there was no significant difference in the distribution of the restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern among the patients, the relatives, and the controls. Furthermore, in the families with at least 2 individuals with the disease, each of the 3 TcR chain genes did not cosegregate with the disease. We conclude that TcR alpha, beta, and gamma chain genes are not likely to be linked to genes related to SLE.
Mortality among Army Chemical Corps Vietnam veterans.

Army Chemical Corps personnel who served in Vietnam were among those service personnel with the greatest potential for exposure to herbicides. An earlier evaluation of the mortality experience of 894 Army Chemical Corps Vietnam veterans found a statistically significant excess risk of dying from digestive disease, primarily due to cirrhosis of the liver, and from motor vehicle accidents. That study was expanded to include 2,872 Vietnam veterans who served with the Army Chemical Corps and a comparison cohort of 2,737 veterans who never served in Southeast Asia but who did serve in the same occupational category. The results of the analysis comparing the Vietnam cohort to the non-Vietnam cohort support the earlier finding of a significant excess of deaths from digestive diseases (adjusted relative risk (RR) = 3.88, 95% C.I. = 1.12-13.45) primarily due to liver cirrhosis. Non-significant elevated relative risks were observed for all cancers combined, digestive and respiratory systems cancers, skin cancer, lymphopoietic cancers, and respiratory system diseases. Compared to the mortality rates in the general population, the non-Vietnam Army Chemical Corps veterans had a statistically significant deficit in mortality from all causes combined, which is consistent with a 'healthy selection bias' seen among military populations (SMR = 0.79, 95% C.I. = 0.66-0.94). For the Vietnam veterans, patterns of elevated but nonsignificant SMRs persisted for diseases of the digestive and respiratory systems and for selected cancer sites.
Optimization of Multiprobe Cryosurgery

This paper describes a general technique for optimising cryosurgical procedures. The method, which is based on the simplex minimisation algorithm, minimises unnecessary freesing by optimising various surgical parameters. The optimisation procedure is illustrated using a simplified model of prostatic cryosurgery. In this illustratine case, the function to be minimised, F, defined as the volume of healthy tissue destroyed during complete freesing of the prostate, is assumed to depend on three parameters: the number of cryoprobes used, the freesing length per cryoprobe, and the cryoprobe diameter