cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entry Bias: Order of Patient Entry Influences Outcome in Trials of Allogeneic Transplant for Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Early trials evaluating nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic transplant (NST) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have reported widely discordant results. We performed a meta-analysis of the published literature to identify prognostic factors for NST. However, known RCC prognostic factors are not often detailed in these studies, hindering the identification of patient differences among studies. We explored the order of patient entry as a surrogate marker for patient selection, hypothesizing that patient selection, rather than treatment differences, accounted for early promising results. Patient specific data and adequate follow-up were available for 76 patients from six studies. The rank of patient entry on each individual trial was recorded as well as ≥ grade 2 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), recipient age, recipient sex, response (partial plus complete), and survival. Multivariable analyses for response and survival were modeled using logistic and cox proportional hazards regression, respectively. The mean overall response rate was 22/76 (29%), with responses across individual studies significantly varying from 0% to 57% P =.009 by Chi-square). Median Kaplan-Meier survival was 263 days. Neither age nor sex was significantly ( associated with response or survival. Acute GVHD occurred in 42% of individuals and correlated with response (OR=9.9, P =0.012) but not survival (HR=1.53, P =0.28). When adjusting by study, later patient entry rank reduced the probability of response (OR=0.30, P =0.007) and survival (HR=1.89, P =0.006). Alternatively, being among the first five patients enrolled in a given study relative to subsequent patients, increased the probability of response (OR=6.69, 95% CI 1.95–39.1, P =0.005), even when adjusting for aGVHD, and afforded a survival benefit (HR= 0.45, 95% CI 0.022 −0.92, P =0.028). The prognostic strength of patient entry rank strongly suggests “entry bias” in patient selection. This bias potentially accounts for the large variation in outcome among studies and for the promising results in early studies. Entry bias analysis offers a novel method to assess early phase trials for selection bias, when detailed individual prognostic information is lacking. Further study is warranted to determine to what extent, if any, entry bias occurs in other clinical trial settings.
Role of the Neck Region of the Rieske Fe-S Protein in Qo Site Catalysis

Ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase, or bc1 complex, plays a central role in both respiratory and photosynthetic processes. While the mitochondrial enzyme is made up of eleven subunits, numerous bacteria harbor a simpler homologous complex which contains only three subunits forming the core portion of the mitochondrial enzyme. These subunits bear two b-hemes (bL and bH) one c-heme (c1) and one I2Fe-25 I cluster as cofactors, and form two active domains called QO and Qi sites (for review see 1–2). In bacteria, the genes encoding for these three core proteins are clustered in an operon called pet or flic. In recent years, several structures for mitochondrial bc1 complexes have been published (3–5) but none of them fit completely with the entire catalytic mechanism. The distance between the iron sulfur cluster and heme c1 estimated from the structure of Xia et al. (31 A) cannot support fast electron transfer kinetics between these two redox centers. On the other hand, the cleft observed between the Rieske subunit and b subunit in the case of Zhang et al. structure is hardly compatible with the fact that some inhibitors of the Qo site and quinol and quinone interact with both the Rieske subunit and the cyt b subunit. Along the years the idea that the Rieske subunit may move to accommodate all the experimental data has emerged. In particular the recent crystallographic data obtained by Zhang and colleagues in presence and absence of stigmatellin revealed a movement of the Rieske head of about 16 A with a rotation of 57° (4). During this movement, the hydrophobic membrane anchor remains at the same position so that the binding of stigmatellin seems to require an extension of the connecting domain (the neck) between the tail and the head of the Rieske subunit. But whether or not this movement, and in particular the flexibility of the Rieske neck, is really required for the activity of the bc1 complex remains unknown. Using Rhodobacter capsulatus bc1 complex as a model we were first able to show biochemically that the neck region undergoes changes when stigmatellin binds, and that a full length Rieske with its amino terminal part is required for the activity of the complex. Later on, mutants engineered genetically in this region revealed that the length and flexibility and not the precise nature of each amino acid of this loop is important for the stability and activity of the complex.
The role of relevance in future teachers’ utility value and interest toward technology

Seeing the relevance of tasks for future use is important for developing value and interest in them. We employed a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design using a mixed-methods approach to examine if reflecting on the relevance of technology to future teaching practices influences elementary and secondary preservice teachers’ utility value and interest toward technology integration. The findings from 111 preservice teachers revealed that reflecting on the connections of technology to future teaching increased their maintained interest in technology integration regardless of their situational interest levels. Reflections also helped them recognize technology-supported classroom management strategies in their current implementations. Differences observed between elementary and secondary preservice teachers highlighted a need for helping secondary preservice teachers develop higher interest and deeper understanding of utility values of technologies for future practices. Results also underscored the importance of emphasizing various benefits of technology regarding collaboration, assessment, and self-paced learning—utility values that were minimally observed in the study.
Abstract 162: Clinical and Neuroradiological Characteristics of Moyamoya Syndrome: UT Houston Experience

Background: Moyamoya (MM) is a rare progressive arteriopathy characterized by progressive stenosis and occlusion of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) and ultimately the arteries of the circle of Willis. It is called moyamoya disease (MMD) when idiopathic and involving bilateral ICA, and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) when associated with well-recognized risk factors, or when idiopathic but unilateral. Given the paucity of literature on MMS, we analyzed the clinical and radiological characteristics of MM patients presenting to our institute. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients admitted with acute neurological deficits and had ‘moyamoya-like’ physiology from our stroke registry (07/04 to 03/11). We collected demographics, clinical and laboratory data, and prior and subsequent hospital admissions. Two clinically blinded neuroradiologists collected radiological data including vessels involved, type of collateralization, and disease stage and progression. Patients were categorized into MMD or MMS based on risk factors and the side of disease. Results: We identified 36 MM patients (mean age 41.3 years), 13 (36.1%) with MMD and 23 (63.9%) with MMS. Both groups had female preponderance and multiracial involvement; hemiparesis was the leading clinical sign, and most patients had low HDL levels (83%). In MMS group, 4 (17.4%) patients had idiopathic unilateral disease, 4 (17.4%) had atherosclerotic disease, 3 (13%) each had vasculitis and intracranial dissection, 2 (8.7%) each had sickle cell disease and APLA syndrome, and 1 (4.3%) each had Down’s syndrome, Lupus, thyrotoxicosis, hypercoagulable disorder and chronic cocaine use. The MMS patients tended to be older, and higher proportion had ischemic stroke (87%) and neurological worsening after acute event (35%). On the other hand, higher proportion of MMD patients had hemorrhagic stroke (38.5%), multiple (>5) hospital admissions (23%) and EEG abnormality (80%) and were discharged home (62%). In MMS group, 2 (8.7%) patients underwent hemicraniectomy. In MMD group, 12.5% had disease progression radiographically. The clinical and radiological characteristics of these patients are summarized in tables 1 and 2 respectively. Conclusion: We present the single-center experience of clinical and neuroradiological characteristics of patients with MMS.
Impact of insurance coverage on HIV transmission potential among antiretroviral therapy-treated youth living with HIV.

Objective To identify the prevalence of high HIV transmission potential in a cohort of youth living with HIV (YLWH), and determine the impact of insurance coverage on potential for HIV transmission. Design Retrospective cohort study of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated YLWH at a US adolescent HIV clinic, 2002-2015. Methods The primary exposure was presence or absence of insurance, defined as private, public or pharmacy-only coverage. The primary outcome was high HIV transmission potential, defined as time-concurrent incident bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STI) (gonorrhea, chlamydia or syphilis) and HIV RNA greater than 1500 copies/ml. Marginal structural models adjusting for baseline demographic covariates, prior history of STI and time-varying retention in care assessed the relationship between insurance status and HIV transmission potential. Results Participants (n = 240) were followed for a median of 22 (IQR 8.1-49) months after ART initiation, and were predominately African-American men and transgender women who have sex with men, with a median age at HIV diagnosis of 19 years (IQR 17-21). We identified 37 (15%) participants with at least one episode of high HIV transmission potential. Insurance coverage was associated with a greater than 50% lower odds of high HIV transmission potential (aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.84), and history of STI at or before entry to HIV care conferred more than three-fold higher odds of high transmission potential (aOR 3.21, 95% CI 1.55-6.63). Conclusion We found 15% of YLWH to have episodic high HIV transmission potential despite receiving ART. Insurance coverage, including pharmacy-only benefits, was protective against transmission risk, suggesting a pivotal role for universal ART coverage in treatment as prevention.
The Amyloid Precursor-like Protein APL-1 Regulates Axon Regeneration

Members of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) family have important functions during neuronal development. However, their physiological functions in the mature nervous system are not fully understood. Here we use the C. elegans GABAergic motor neurons to study the post- developmental function of the APP-like protein APL-1 in vivo. We find that apl-1 has minimum roles in the maintenance of gross neuron morphology and function. However, we show that apl-1 is an inhibitor of axon regeneration, acting on mature neurons to limit regrowth in response to injury. The small GTPase Rab6/RAB-6.2 also inhibits regeneration, and does so in part by maintaining protein levels of APL-1. To inhibit regeneration, APL-1 functions via the E2 domain of its ectodomain; the cytoplasmic tail, transmembrane anchoring, and the E1 domain are not required for this function. Our data defines a novel role for APL-1 in modulating the neuronal response to injury.
Instant Locking of Molecular Ordering in Liquid Crystal Elastomers by Oxygen‐Mediated Thiol–Acrylate Click Reactions

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) with intrinsic anisotropic strains are reversible shape-memory polymers of interest in sensor, actuator, and soft robotics applications. Rapid gelation of LCEs is required to fix molecular ordering within the elastomer network, which is essential for directed shape transformation. A highly efficient photo-cross-linking chemistry, based on two-step oxygen-mediated thiol-acrylate click reactions, allows for nearly instant gelation of the main-chain LCE network upon exposure to UV light. Molecular orientation from the pre-aligned liquid crystal oligomers can be faithfully transferred to the LCE films, allowing for preprogrammed shape morphing from two to three dimensions by origami- (folding-only) and kirigami-like (folding with cutting) mechanisms. The new LCE chemistry also enables widely tunable physical properties, including nematic-to- isotropic phase-transition temperatures (TN-I ), glassy transition temperatures (Tg ), and mechanical strains, without disrupting the LC ordering.
Recent advances in modulator technology for comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography

Abstract One of the greatest advancements in the field of gas chromatography (GC) has been the development of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). As the field of GC evolved from one-dimensional gas chromatography (1D-GC) to heart cutting (GC–GC), followed by the advent of GC × GC, the critical component at the center of this evolution has been the interface between the separation columns. The interface, referred to as the modulator for GC × GC, links the primary and secondary columns. This review covers the evolution of modulator systems from the founding of GC × GC in 1991 by Liu and Phillips, while focusing on the last six years. Since its inception, modulators have evolved into two distinct categories: thermal, and valve-based. The advantages and shortcomings of each category will be covered. Recent developments in the research, development, and commercialization of these various modulators is provided, with a glimpse into future modulator designs.
Pseudo-Relevance Feedback for Multimedia Retrieval

Video information retrieval requires a system to find information rele-vant to a query which may be presented simultaneously in different ways through a text description, audio, still images and/or video sequences. The actual search also takes place in the text, audio, image or video domain. We present an approach that uses pseudo-relevance feedback from retrieved items that are NOT similar to the relevant items. An evaluation on the 2002 TREC Video Track queries shows that this technique can substantially improve image and video retrieval performance on a real collection. We believe that negative pseudo-relevance feedback shows great promise for very difficult multimedia retrieval tasks that involve image or video similarity, especially when combined with other retrieval agents.
Isomerization of Sugars

In 1846 Dubrunfaut [1] observed that the optical rotation of a freshly dissolved α-d-glucose in water was changing with time and that after several hours it became constant. Open image in new window
What does ecosystem acoustics reveal about marine mammals in the Bering Sea

The Bering Sea is a highly productive marine ecosystem that supports valuable commercial fisheries, numerous marine mammal populations, and local communities. The ecological dynamics of the eastern Bering Sea shelf are a product of complex oceanographic processes in which physical processes are ultimately linked to biological production.
Electronic Structure Theory for Transition Metal Systems: A Survey

Theroretical models in common use today for studying the electronic structure and spectroscopy of transition metal containing systems are surveyed. Comparisons are made between the methods that demonstrate that transition metal complexes are “different” and results from common molecular orbital-based theories might be less accurate and more difficult to interpret than they are for molecules without transition metals. A simple interpretation of properties based on orbital arguments, for example, are often misleading. An evaluation of the models and their promise is made throughout the text.
Synergistic effect of nanodiamonds on the adsorption of tricresyl phosphate on iron oxide surfaces

Nanodiamonds (NDs) have potential uses in many applications, including as additives for liquid lubricants where they may be combined with more traditional chemicals, such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP), to form protective films on sliding surfaces. It has been shown that NDs can function synergistically with TCP to facilitate film formation on air baked iron. Here, reactive molecular dynamics simulations of TCP and NDs on an amorphous iron oxide surface reproduce experimental observations of the temperature at which film formation begins with NDs present and the effect of NDs on film composition. Analysis of chemical bonding in the simulations shows that the film formed in the presence of NDs comprises NDs and TCP that are both directly and indirectly bonded to the surface. Notably, the amount of phosphorus in the film, which is important for surface protection, is increased by TCP molecules that are indirectly bonded to the surface via NDs, which suggests that indirect bonding is one mechanism by which NDs facilitate film growth. The synergy of NDs and TCP has important implications for the development of NDs as emerging lubricant additives which must function with existing additives such as TCP in many applications.
Reporting Misstatements as Revisions: An Evaluation of Managers’ Use of Materiality Discretion

In recent years, firms reporting revisions of prior financial statements outnumber firms reporting restatements. Misstatements that are material to prior periods are required to be transparently disclosed as restatements, whereas immaterial errors can be reported as revisions. Based on SEC guidance and widely used materiality benchmarks, I find that a significant proportion, approximately one third, of revisions are “suspect” in that they meet at least one materiality criterion. These "suspect" revisions are more likely to be reported when managers have a strong incentive to avoid restatements, in particular, when they face the threat of compensation clawback for reporting a restatement. Overall, this evidence suggests that materiality discretion is being used opportunistically to conceal material misstatements as revisions.
E. coli Rep helicase and RecA recombinase unwind G4 DNA and are important for resistance to G4-stabilizing ligands

G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures can form physical barriers within the genome that must be unwound to ensure cellular genomic integrity. Here, we report unanticipated roles for the Escherichia coli Rep helicase and RecA recombinase in tolerating toxicity induced by G4-stabilizing ligands in vivo. We demonstrate that Rep and Rep-X (an enhanced version of Rep) display G4 unwinding activities in vitro that are significantly higher than the closely related UvrD helicase. G4 unwinding mediated by Rep involves repetitive cycles of G4 unfolding and refolding fueled by ATP hydrolysis. Rep-X and Rep also dislodge G4-stabilizing ligands, in agreement with our in vivo G4-ligand sensitivity result. We further demonstrate that RecA filaments disrupt G4 structures and remove G4 ligands in vitro, consistent with its role in countering cellular toxicity of G4-stabilizing ligands. Together, our study reveals novel genome caretaking functions for Rep and RecA in resolving deleterious G4 structures.
Toward Sampling for Deep Learning Model Diagnosis

Deep learning (DL) models have achieved paradigm-changing performance in many fields with high dimensional data, such as images, audio, and text. However, the black-box nature of deep neural networks is not only a barrier to adoption in applications such as medical diagnosis, where interpretability is essential, but it also impedes diagnosis of under performing models. The task of diagnosing or explaining DL models requires the computation of additional artifacts, such as activation values and gradients. These artifacts are large in volume, and their computation, storage, and querying raise significant data management challenges.In this paper, we develop a novel data sampling technique that produces approximate but accurate results for these model debugging queries. Our sampling technique utilizes the lower dimension representation learned by the DL model and focuses on model decision boundaries for the data in this lower dimensional space.
Outpatient Thoracoscopic Mediastinal Biopsy: A Safe and Cost-Effective Approach.

Background Most mediastinal biopsy patients are managed with an overnight inpatient stay and chest drainage. We sought to determine the safety, accuracy, and cost of outpatient thoracoscopic mediastinal biopsy by reviewing operative techniques, perioperative outcomes, and admission charges for this procedure. Methods This single-institution retrospective study reviewed all patients who underwent elective thoracoscopic mediastinal biopsy between 2012 and 2017. Patients were assigned to outpatient or inpatient management preoperatively based on surgeon judgment and preference. The procedures were performed in the supine or lateral decubitus position using ports only. Patients discharged on postoperative day 0 (outpatient) were compared with those discharged on postoperative day 1 or greater (inpatient). Results A total of 46 patients were included. Thirty-one patients were outpatients, and 15 were admitted. The outpatient cohort was younger than the inpatient group (48 years of age vs 66 years of age; P = .001). There was no statistically significant difference in other baseline characteristics. The operative time was longer (P = .001) and the total charges were higher (P = .003) in the inpatient cohort. One patient in each group had a nondiagnostic procedure. One patient in the outpatient group returned to the emergency department for pain but was discharged. There were no complications. Conclusions Outpatient thoracoscopic mediastinal biopsy is a safe and effective procedure that has lower charges compared with inpatient management and should be considered for patients undergoing this procedure.
Understanding Air-Sea Coupling Processes and Coupled Model Predictions Using GOTEX Measurements and COAMPS/NCOM and Aircraft Measurements for Understanding Air-Sea Coupling and Improving Coupled Model Predictions

Abstract : The long-term goal of this project is to improve physical parameterizations of the coupled model. The NPS project has two components, one is to use previous aircraft measurements from the Gulf of Tehuantepec (GoT) and the coupled COAMPS/NCOM to examine air-sea coupling processes and the performance of the coupled model; the other is to obtain new measurements with the NOAA P-3 over the Indian Ocean as part of the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) and ONR Litterol Littoral Air-Sea Processes (LASP) DRI. The objectives of the GOTEX-related project are to explore the coupled atmospheric boundary layer and upper ocean processes through in-depth data analyses of GOTEX (Gulf of Tehuantepec Experiment) measurements to improve our understanding of the small-scale spatial and temporal variability within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the ocean mixed layer (OML) in the gap outflow region, to determine the feedback process and the dominant mechanisms for cooling of SST within the Gulf of Tehuantepec (GoT), and to explore the simulated atmospheric and oceanic responses to the gap outflow events using the coupled COAMPS/NCOMS. The objectives of DYNAMO/LASP project were to address the basic science questions/hypotheses regarding air-sea interaction and tropical convection with the unique standalone suite of measurements on the NOAA WP-3D for concurrent atmosphere and oceanic sampling, and to bridge observations from fixed locations on ships and islands. The objectives of the NRL project are to obtain vertical profiles of the solar and IR irradiance throughout the atmospheric column in order to characterize the evolution of the solar and IR heating/cooling rate profiles for an MJO cycle. Also, to use the measured solar/IR irradiance profiles as input to, and validation of, the Navy's coupled ocean/atmosphere model, COAMPS.
A Machine Learning Based Framework for the Smart Healthcare System

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the smart healthcare system, where we employ the compressed sensing (CS) and the combination of the state-of-the-art machine learning based denoiser as well as the alternating direction of method of multipliers (ADMM) structure. This integration significantly simplifies the software implementation for the low-complexity encoder, thanks to the modular structure of ADMM. Furthermore, we focus on detecting fall down actions from image streams. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to reconstruct the image as visibly clear as possible and hence it helps the detection step at the trained classifier. For this efficient smart health monitoring framework, we employ the trained binary convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier for the fall-action classifier, because this scheme is a part of surveillance scenario. In this scenario, we deal with the fall-images, thus, we compress, transmit and reconstruct the fall-images. Experimental results demonstrate the impacts of network parameters and the significant performance gain of the proposal compared to traditional methods.
Triton's surface age and impactor population revisited in light of Kuiper Belt fluxes: Evidence for small Kuiper Belt objects and recent geological activity

Neptune's largest satellite, Triton, is one of the most fascinating and enigmatic bodies in the solar system. Among its numerous interesting traits, Triton appears to have far fewer craters than would be expected if its surface was primordial. Here we combine the best available crater count data for Triton with improved estimates of impact rates by including the Kuiper Belt as a source of impactors. We find that the population of impactors creating the smallest observed craters on Triton must be sub-km in scale, and that this small-impactor population can be best fit by a differential power-law size index near -3. Such results provide interesting, indirect probes of the unseen small body population of the Kuiper Belt. Based on the modern, Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud impactor flux estimates, we also recalculate estimated ages for several regions of Triton's surface imaged by Voyager 2, and find that Triton was probably active on a time scale no greater than 0.1-0.3 Gyr ago (indicating Triton was still active after some 90% to 98% of the age of the solar system), and perhaps even more recently. The time-averaged volumetric resurfacing rate on Triton implied by these results, 0.01 km$^3$ yr$^{-1}$ or more, is likely second only to Io and Europa in the outer solar system, and is within an order of magnitude of estimates for Venus and for the Earth's intraplate zones. This finding indicates that Triton likely remains a highly geologically active world at present, some 4.5 Gyr after its formation. We briefly speculate on how such a situation might obtain.
Experimental Research of Live Working on 1000 kV Double Circuit AC Transmission Line on the Same Tower

In order to coordinate with the construction of the 1000 kV AC double circuit transmission line on the same tower,and to improve the safety and feasibility in live working on transmission line,according to the practice of the tower model,conductors arrangements,live working position in the 1000 kV AC Transmission Demonstration Project of East China,live line work for the line is researched.The safety distance and complex gap of typical locations in live working position were tested at 1:1 ratio scale simulated tower.Meanwhile,the electric field distribution in the space near the line and towers was simulated by the methods of FEM,and the electric field intensity on human-body surface at earth working and potential working two operations were measured through simulated tower.Based on the results of the test and calculation,the minimum safety distance and complex gap of different typical working positions in live working were determined;the distribution of the electric field was summarized and the appropriate protective measures were established.The research result proved the safety and feasibility of live working on 1000 kV double circuit AC transmission line on the same tower.
Enhanced volatile fatty acids accumulation in anaerobic digestion through arresting methanogenesis by using hydrogen peroxide.

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) can be accumulated as a final product of anaerobic digestion via arresting methanogenesis. Herein, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was studied to inhibit methanogenesis for enhancing VFA accumulation with glucose as a substrate. The addition of 0.06 wt.% H2 O2 significantly reduced methane production and led to a VFAs concentration of 1233.1 ± 55.9 mg L-1 , much higher than 429.3 ± 5.6 mg L-1 in the control that did not have H2 O2 addition. The dominated VFAs with H2 O2 were acetic acid and propionic acid. A low H2 O2 dosage of 0.03 wt.% produced 466.3 ± 3.9 mg L-1 more VFAs than that of O2 addition at the similar (theoretical) dosage, but when the dosage was relatively higher, the VFA accumulation with O2 addition became more than that with H2 O2 addition, likely because of stronger oxidation of VFAs by the overly added H2 O2 . A hypothetical mechanism for H2 O2 inhibition suggests that at a low H2 O2 concentration the inhibition is mainly toward methanogenesis to limit their consumption of VFAs and a high H2 O2 concentration starts to inhibit hydrolysis and acidogenesis and/or oxidize VFAs. Those results encourage further exploration of H2 O2 -based arresting methanogenesis for VFAs production.
Changes in fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to changes in sleep characteristics over a 3-month period among young adults.

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether increases in fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption were associated with concomitant changes in insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and quality. Design Secondary longitudinal analysis of a randomized trial, baseline to 3 months. Setting Integrated health care systems in Detroit, Michigan and Danville, Pennsylvania. Participants About 1165 young adults who were low consumers of FV ( Intervention Online 3-arm program designed to increase FV consumption. Measurements We categorized FV changes into 4 categories: no change or decrease, 1 serving increase, 2 serving increase, and 3 or more serving increase. We then compared the changes in chronic insomnia classification (yes or no), sleep duration, quality, and time to fall asleep (all self-reported) across the FV change categories. Analyses were both overall and stratified by gender, adjusting for potential confounders (depression, physical activity, education, children, and study site). Results Average age ± SD was 26 ± 2.8 years (71% women). At 3-month follow-up, participants on average increased FV intake by 1.2 ± 1.4 servings. Women who increased FV intake by 3+ servings showed improvements in insomnia symptoms (2-fold higher odds of improvement; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6), sleep quality (0.2-point higher sleep quality score; 95% CI -0.01, 0.3), and time to fall asleep (4.2 minutes; 95% CI -8, 0) compared to women who did not change or decreased their FV intake. Associations were not as apparent among men. Conclusion Young women with low consumption of FV may experience improvements in insomnia-related sleep difficulties by increasing their consumption of FV.
Developing a decision support system to detect material weaknesses in internal control

Abstract Wells Fargo employees set up 3.5 million fraudulent accounts over several years. Wells Fargo ended up paying $4.5 billion in fines. The Wells Fargo scandal highlights the importance of management actions to prevent misstatements and potential frauds on a timely basis. This study utilized the design science research paradigm to develop a predictive framework (IT artifact) in order to stratify firms into multiple risk groups for disclosing material weakness(es) in internal control (MWIC). The proposed methodology employed a hybrid heuristic optimization-based machine learning methodology. Synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) was utilized to handle the learning problem with the imbalanced data. The best performing model was the proposed hybrid Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The proposed methodology was internally validated via k-fold cross validation, and then externally validated using several separate datasets. The (GA) selected variables were ranked from the most important to the least through Information fusion (IF) sensitivity. A web-based decision support system was built to predict the firm-specific MWIC risk category. The web-based tool can be used to create an early warning system for predicting MWIC(s).
Satellite Diversity to Mitigate Jamming in LEO Satellite Mega-Constellations

With current large-scale deployments of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the demand for data services provided by these satellite systems is expected to increase rapidly in the near future. To provide high-quality, high-rate data services it is essential to incorporate resiliency features, such as mitigation against potential jamming threats, to these systems. Low-orbit satellites are especially vulnerable to jamming attacks and could result in significant performance degradations even from low-power jammers. The availability of a large number of satellites in these mega-constellations can be exploited to realize satellite diversity. In this paper the feasibility of using satellite diversity to overcome jamming is investigated and the performance realized from such a diversity technique is evaluated. For a suitably selected set of diversity satellites, it is shown that a single jammer will not have a significant impact on more than a single satellite, and that the effects of this jammer can be completely mitigated by a 3-satellite diversity system.
Environmental degradation of electroplated nickel and copper coated SS316H in molten FLiNaK salt

Abstract Corrosion of nickel and copper electroplated coatings on SS316H in molten FLiNaK salt was studied. 500- and 1000-hour static corrosion tests were performed in molten FLiNaK at 700 degrees Celsius. Characterization of the coatings following corrosion indicated that they did not degrade in the molten salt during the corrosion experiment and fully protected the underlying SS316H from chromium dissolution. Interdiffusion between the copper coating and SS316H was extremely limited, interdiffusion between the nickel coating and SS316H. Diffusion modelling revealed that the nickel coatings still significantly reduced chromium dissolution over 60 years despite the interdiffusion.
Fabrication and Characterization of Hollow Microneedle Array Using Diffraction UV Lithography

Hollow microneedles are extremely attractive to drug delivery domains with high demands from clinics and industry. However, its complicated fabrication processes have impeded its wide adoption. This paper presents a simple one-step fabrication method for hollow microneedles based on diffraction UV lithography and solid-liquid light propagation. The fabrication process utilizes bottom-up exposure of a liquid photosensitive resin through photomask patterns comprising a plurality of apertures. Hollow microneedles with various heights were fabricated in a range of 400 µm to 600 µm from a few minutes of UV exposure. The fabricated hollow microneedles were characterized with force-displacement tests showing a good tip strength of 0.35 N per single unit. A hollow fluidic test on a pig cadaver skin showed great potential for drug delivery. Also, batch fabrication with multiple height microneedles on a single substrate has demonstrated compatibility with the manufacturing process.
Initial development of a self-assessment approach for coproduction value creation by an international community of practice.

BACKGROUND Coproduction offers a new way of conceptualizing healthcare as a service that is co-created by people (health professionals and people seeking health services) rather than a product that is generated by providers or health systems and delivered to patients. This offers new possibilities for those introducing and testing changes, and it enables additional ways of creating value. Fjeldstad and colleagues describe the architecture of several kinds of value creating systems: (i) Chain; (ii) Shop; (iii) Network and (iv) Access. An international Value Creating Business Model Community of practice (VCBM CoP) was formed by the International Coproduction of Health Network and explored these types of systems and developed a self-assessment guide for health systems to use to assess value. METHODS An international community of practice comprising leaders, clinicians, patients and finance specialists representing 12 health systems from four countries (USA, UK, Israel and Sweden) met monthly for 1 year and used a semi-structured process to iteratively refine and adapt Fjeldstad's model for use in healthcare and develop a draft self-assessment guide. The process concluded with initial focus group user experience sessions with six health systems. RESULTS The community of practice successfully completed a 1-year journey of discovery, development and learning, resulting in two products: (1) a full-version self-assessment guide (detailed) and (2) an abbreviated 'short-form' of the guide. Initial focus-group results suggest that there is initial perceived feasibility, acceptability and utility of the guides and that further development and research is reasonable to pursue. Results suggest significant variation and context specificity in the use of the guide, simple and complex knowledge transfer applications in use, and the need for the development of simple and technology supported versions for use in the future. CONCLUSION The VCBM CoP has successfully completed a 1-year collaborative learning cycle, resulting in the development of a self-assessment guide that is now ready for additional investigation using formal research methods. The CO-VALUE study has been designed to build on the work of the CoP and includes qualitative and quantitative assessment phases and a concept mapping study.
Solving the puzzle of Fe homeostasis by integrating molecular, mathematical, and societal models.

Abstract To ensure optimal utilization and bioavailability, iron uptake, transport, subcellular localization, and assimilation are tightly regulated in plants. Herein, we examine recent advances in our understanding of cellular responses to Fe deficiency. We then use intracellular mechanisms of Fe homeostasis to discuss how formalizing cell biology knowledge via a mathematical model can advance discovery even when quantitative data is limited. Using simulation-based inference to identify plausible systems mechanisms that conform to known emergent phenotypes can yield novel, testable hypotheses to guide targeted experiments. However, this approach relies on the accurate encoding of domain-expert knowledge in exploratory mathematical models. We argue that this would be facilitated by fostering more “systems thinking” life scientists and that diversifying your research team may be a practical path to achieve that goal.
Our Own Worst Enemies: Women Opposed to Woman Suffrage

Opposition by women to a movement which identifies itself as for women is not new. In the late 19th and early 20th century female anti-suffragists organized to oppose "the burden of the ballot." The writings of the "antis" (as the female anti suffragists became known) demonstrate an allegiance to class over gender, a sense of powerlessness beyond traditional roles and a fear of change. Exploring this early anti movement may give us a better understanding of the women opposed to the contemporary woman's movement. Can any reasonable man or woman deny that there is some impelling reason for the fact that woman suffrage is the only woman's movement that has ever been opposed by women organized for that purpose? (Mrs. A. J. George, 1915). A significant obstacle to the progress of the contemporary women's movement is conservative opposition by women themselves. This opposition to a movement identifying itself as representing women serves to fundamentally discredit the claims of those seeking reform in the name of all women. As the quotation from Mrs. George indicates, opposition by women to a cause which seems to benefit them is not new. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries women also organized in opposition to the women's movement, as represented by woman suffrage. Then as now, opposition stemmed from three closely related perceptions: that the rapid social change occurring in the nation was a threat to families and to the traditional function of women; that women had more in common with, thus more allegiance to, members of their own class than with all members of their gender; and that women were powerless outside their own narrow sphere. Class allegiance, fear of change and the sense of limited power are apparent in much of the anti-suffrage literature written by women. ANTI ORGANIZATION AND LEADERSHIP Organized resistance by womer to their own enfranchisement began almost concurrently with the woman suffrage movement. The strongest opposition to the suffrage came from the highly industrialized states experiencing a flood of immigration and rapid urbanization. The first and most active organization was the Massachusetts Association Opposed to the Further Extension of Suffrage to Women. Founded in 1890, it continued its fight against sutfrage through October of 1920 when the battle was
Impact of participation in NASA’s Digital Learning Network on science attitudes of rural, mid-level students

The purpose of this research was to determine whether videoconferencing combined with face-to-face instruction, as used in the delivery of the NASA Digital Learning Network Can A Shoebox Fly? Challenge module, was a feasible instructional method to increase positive student attitudes towards science. Overall, the data indicated that this was the case. This study utilized a mixed method approach to data collection. A pre-test, post-test one group design was used to collect quantitative data obtained from a science attitudinal survey. Qualitative data were gathered from face-to-face interviews with the subjects as well as informal observations by the researcher during the design process. Social presence theory, a sub-area of communication theory, was used as the theoretical framework for this study. It was determined that the NASA Digital Learning Network modules do create social presence within the distance learning environment.
Chapter 40 Toxicity

Publisher Summary The rare earths are considered only slightly toxic according to the Hodge-Sterner classification system. The acute lethal dose by various routes of administration is described in this chapter. The toxicity and usefulness of the rare earths is also reviewed. These elements have a very low acute toxicity. However, the production of skin and lung granulomas after exposure to them requires extensive protection to prevent such exposure. Toxicity from exposure to rare earth radionuclides is related to absorbed radiation dose. The rare earth radionuclides have proven useful clinically in radio hypophysectomy, treatment of mammary and prostatic carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome, diabetic retinopathy, and carcinoma in other body tissues and organs. Rare earth chelates have proven useful diagnostic agents in brain, lung, and renal scanning, and in determining regional blood flow and renal function.
Web intervention for adolescents affected by disaster: population-based randomized controlled trial

Objective To assess the efficacy of Bounce Back Now (BBN), a modular, Web-based intervention for disaster-affected adolescents and their parents. Method A population-based randomized controlled trial used address-based sampling to enroll 2,000 adolescents and parents from communities affected by tornadoes in Joplin, MO, and several areas in Alabama. Data collection via baseline and follow-up semi-structured telephone interviews was completed between September 2011 and August 2013. All families were invited to access the BBN study Web portal irrespective of mental health status at baseline. Families who accessed the Web portal were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: BBN, which featured modules for adolescents and parents targeting adolescents' mental health symptoms; BBN plus additional modules targeting parents' mental health symptoms; or assessment only. The primary outcomes were adolescent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Results Nearly 50% of families accessed the Web portal. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed time × condition interactions for PTSD symptoms (B = −0.24, SE = 0.08, p .01) and depressive symptoms (B = −0.23, SE = 0.09, p p = .06; depressive symptoms: B = −0.42, SE = 0.19, p = 0.03). A time × condition interaction also was found that favored the BBN versus BBN + parent self-help condition for PTSD symptoms (B = 0.30, SE = 0.12, p = .02) but not depressive symptoms (B = 0.12, SE = 0.12, p = .33). Conclusion Results supported the feasibility and initial efficacy of BBN as a scalable disaster mental health intervention for adolescents. Technology-based solutions have tremendous potential value if found to reduce the mental health burden of disasters. Clinical trial registration information Web-based Intervention for Disaster-Affected Youth and Families; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01606514.
PALEOSOLS AND WIND-BLOWN SEDIMENTS | Mineral Magnetic Analysis

Naturally occurring magnetic minerals such as magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite are useful for understanding earth materials and for interpreting the climate history of the Earth. Magnetic susceptibility, frequency-dependent susceptibility, various types of remanent magnetizations, and ratios of these quantities are used by Earth scientists to determine the concentrations, compositions, and grain size distributions of naturally occurring magnetic minerals. When these magnetic measurements are applied to soils and sediment, they provide answers to questions about soil processes and the history of the Earth.
Rapid scattering of radiation belt electrons by storm-time EMIC waves

[1] A storm main phase can produce a rapid depletion of electron fluxes in the Earth's outer radiation belt and the pitch-angle scattering by the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves is one mechanism that might account for the electron losses. To efficiently scatter the bulk of the electron population, below *1-2 MeV, the EMIC waves would need to have significant power very near a heavy ion gyrofrequency. We present a wave event at the storm main phase and carefully examine the wave spectrum to identify the energy range of electrons scattered by the waves. The EMIC waves exhibit power right below the He + gyrofrequency and we estimate that they can interact with electrons having energies as low as 400 keV producing rapid scattering at almost all pitch-angle values on the time scales of seconds. Our statistical analysis suggests that this event is not an exception; the majority of EMIC waves can scatter electrons with energies under 2 MeV. Our results show that EMIC waves can be one of the dominant radiation belt loss mechanisms during the storm main phase.
Nagorno Karabakh: An historical perspective

The author addresses the historicity of the claim made in various governmental and academic circles that the Armenians are relative newcomers to the land now known as Nagorno Karabakh. After briefly describing the ancient and mediaeval Armenian primary source materials, he describes attempts to deny their authenticity, placing the question in the context of achieving a lasting piece between the Armenians and Azeris and between the antagonists of similar controversies. Arguing that perceptions are as important as actualities, he asserts that the historical claims of all sides can and must be accurately examined to achieve a viable solution.