cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Billbug (Sphenophorus spp.) Seasonal Biology Using DNA Barcodes and a Simple Morphometric Analysis

Billbugs (Sphenophorus spp.) are a complex of grass-feeding weevil species that reduce the aesthetic and functional qualities of turfgrass. Effective billbug monitoring and management programs rely on a clear understanding of their seasonal biology. However, our limited understanding of regional variation in the species compositions and seasonal biology of billbugs, stemming primarily from our inability to identify the damaging larval stage to species level, has hindered efforts to articulate efficient IPM strategies to growers. We used a combination of DNA barcoding methods and morphometric measures to begin filling critical gaps in our understanding of the seasonal biology of the billbug species complex across a broad geographic range. First, we developed a DNA barcoding reference library using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences from morphologically identified adult billbugs collected across Indiana, Missouri, Utah and Arizona. Next, we used our reference library for comparison and identification of unknown larval specimens collected across the growing season in Utah and Indiana. Finally, we combined our DNA barcoding approach with larval head capsule diameter, a proxy for developmental instar, to develop larval phenology charts. Adult COI sequences varied among billbug species, but variation was not influenced by geography, indicating that this locus alone was useful for resolving larval species identity. Overlaid with head capsule diameter data from specimens collected across the growing season, a better visualization of billbug species composition and seasonal biology emerged. This approach will provide researchers with the tools necessary to fill critical gaps in our understanding of billbug biology and facilitate the development of turfgrass pest management programs.
Microwave Ranging via Least-Squares Estimation of Spectrally Sparse Signals in Software-Defined Radio

We present a least-squares algorithm for time delay (range) estimation of dual-tone spectrally sparse signals that minimizes bias errors. Dual-tone waveforms obtain near-optimal delay estimation performance by maximizing the mean-square bandwidth of the signal spectra, reducing the error bound. However, the choice of estimator may introduce bias, particularly for dual-tone waveforms with bandwidth (tone separation) that is small or is close to the Nyquist rate, and when the delay yields discretization errors. We address this problem by combining a matched filter with least-squares (MF-LS) optimization. We compare this with a simple matched filter and interpolation approach, and with a matched filter and sinc-function nonlinear least squares (NL-LS) fit. We demonstrate that the MF-LS algorithm has lower bias errors than interpolation and NL-LS over both bandwidth and delay. We present experimental 2.8-GHz measurements of two-tone delay estimation implemented in a software-defined radio and demonstrate that the MF-LS algorithm achieves a reduction in root-mean-square error (RMSE) of nearly an order of magnitude compared with interpolation or NL-LS.
Provisions of a Strategic Decision Protocol

An overview of the key provisions of the Strategic Decision Protocol is provided in Exhibit 7.1. When taken in concert, its provisions are intended to suggest how a retreat from empirical decision predicates might perhaps be prevented from degenerating into an uncontrolled retreat from reason. For the protocol recognizes that strategic decision execises will consistently be characterized by some sparsity of objective predicates.
Against Principled Antitrust

Competition policy is on the WTO agenda for the Doha Round, but it is unlikely that it will result in any substantive international standards; the goal, instead, seems to be to agree on core principles to guide the development of national law, including transparency, non-discrimination, and procedural fairness, perhaps extending to special and differential treatment for developing countries. While there is much to commend these principles, this paper takes a deliberately contrarian view, arguing that core principles are not at all where WTO competition policy should begin. It further disputes the appropriateness of applying an emerging meta-principle of the WTO constitution, that of bargaining for a "single undertaking," to competition policy. If antitrust is to be pursued globally, it should be addressed by principles and through negotiations tailored to its distinctive needs.
Consumption of Menus Containing the Equivalent of Two and Four Egg Yolks in Older Adults on Cholesterol Lowering Medication is Associated with Significant Changes in Serum Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations and Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD)

Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids which are deposited in the macula and protect against Age Related Macular Degeneration. This 18 week study consisted of Phases 1 and 3 of 4 week duration where...
Small Ball Probability, Inverse Theorems, and Applications

Let ξ be a real random variable with mean zero and variance one and A ={a 1; …; a n } be a multi-set in R d . The random sum $$S_A : = a_1 \xi _1 + \cdots + a_n \xi _n$$ where ξ i are iid copies of ξ is of fundamental importance in probability and its applications.
Agriculture in an Energy-Hungry World

Energy is a complex and pervasive subject, whose frontiers are still in the process of being defined. Many of the data are in dispute. Technical judgments do not agree. Conflicts of interest abound. The Nixon Administration, in its allocation plans for summer 1973 and January 1974, gave farmers top priority for fuel – ahead of hospitals, firemen, and police. Critics called this “cockeyed,” preferring to put other sectors of the economy ahead of agriculture.
A 15-watt dual band HBT MMIC power amplifier

A monolithic HBT power amplifier is presented for S and C band applications. The amplifier provides greater than 15 watts of peak output power at S and C bands with approximately 18 dB of gain. The amplifier also provides a minimum of 10 watts output power across the entire frequency range that encloses both bands.
Using Interactive Media in Dance Education

Music has always been always been an integral part of dance education. Using today's technology, interactive media can open your eyes to new ways to teach dance. This article provides practical inf...
Effect of an American Heart Association diet, with or without weight loss, on lipids in obese middle-aged and older men.

Forty-two obese [body mass index (kg/m 2 ) : 30 ± 5 ; weight : 92.9 ± 10.1 kg] men aged 60 ± 9 y were recruited to determine the effects of an American Heart Association (AHA) diet, with and without weight loss, on lipoprotein lipids. All subjects entered a 3-mo, weight-maintaining AHA diet followed by either a 9-mo weight-loss (AHA + WL, n = 28) or a 9-mo AHA plus weight-maintenance (AHA + WM, n = 14) intervention. Baseline diets were high in fat (35 ± 6% of energy) and cholesterol (380 ± 158 mg/d), and low in dietary fiber (18 ± 5 g/d). The 3-mo AHA diet resulted in an 11% decrease in plasma triacylglycerol (1.83 ± 0.15 to 1.47 ± 0.08 mmol/L, P < 0.05), a 16% decrease in plasma cholesterol (5.39 ± 0.96 to 4.56 ± 0.91 mmol/L, P = 0.0001), a 17% decrease in high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (1.09 ± 0.23 to 0.91 ± 0.18 mmol/L, P = 0.0001), and a 14% decrease in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (3.47 ± 0.83 to 2.98 ± 0.78 mmol/L, P = 0.0001). The AHA + WL group lost 9.8 ± 4.3 kg (P < 0.001, n = 28) and further reduced plasma triacylglycerol by 17% (P < 0.05), total cholesterol by 4% (P < 0.05), LDL cholesterol by 7%(P < 0.05), and significantly increased HDL cholesterol by 15% (P < 0.05) when compared with their 3-mo AHA-intervention values. These changes were significant (P < 0.05) when compared with the AHA + WM group, in whom lipoprotein lipids did not change. Thus, the addition of weight loss to the AHA Step I diet prevents the decrease in HDL cholesterol seen with a 3-mo AHA dietary intervention, and has complementary effects in lowering plasma cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol concentrations in obese middle-aged and older men.
Managing Risk under Time Stress

The evolution of automated and semi-automated systems is rendering continuous regulation relatively obsolete, leaving periodic “management” interventions as the main way in which operators exercise control. Consequently, the human is now more frequently required to respond in uncertain, unusual, or “emergency” conditions. Such circumstances connote high stress environments. Consequently, the research reported here investigates expertise at decision making under stress. The source of stress is ubiquitous in occurrence, namely time pressure. We present a process model that explains and predicts the decision behavior of skilled operators as they manage risk under time stress. The model identifies three components of decision making, (1) attention, (2) assessment, and (3) intervention. Attention (1) scans widely among information displays and focuses action narrowly upon one of three procedures for (2) assessing the attended information. Separate procedures assess (α) the risks posed by the environment, (β) r...
Young Adults in the United States: A Profile

What do we know about young adults in the United States? How many young adults are there between the ages of 18 and 34? What are their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics? What percent of them have “completed” any or all of the conventional milestones marking normative transitions into adulthood? How many have left home, finished school, work full time, have been married or had children — and by what age? Does the timing and sequencing of these transitions differ for young men and women? How does the “early-transition” cohort among young adults (ages 18-24) — in most respects the most vulnerable during this period of the life course — compare to older cohorts (ages 25-29 or 30-34)? Of those who have not yet formed households of their own, how many still live with their parents? How many live in college dorms or other group quarters? Especially among males in these age groups, how many are in the military, or in prison? In an era of movies like “Failure to Launch” and neologisms like “adultolescence,” this report sketches a profile of young adults in the United States at the turn of the century, based on an analysis of data from the 5% Public Use Microdata Sample of the 2000 census. The data are limited to young adults aged 18 to 34, and broken down for three age groups: 18-24 (“early transition”), 25-29 (“middle transition”), and 30-34 (“late transition”). A summed index (“adultra”) of the five conventional markers of transitions into adult statuses—leaving home, finishing school, entering the workforce, getting married, and having children — was computed: among 18-24 year olds only 16% had reached as many as four or all five of these “milestones,” while 70% of the 30-34 year olds had accomplished four or all five of these transitions into adult statuses. However, these five conventional “milestones” or “markers” in transitions to adult statuses should be seen only as a snapshot, a frozen moment in the life course, not as “completed” or irreversible social accomplishments or changes in social status. Most (and arguably all) of the five are reversible, in principle and in practice: e.g., young adults who leave home at one point in time may later return to live with their parents; those who are no longer attending school may do so subsequently, and those who “drop out” of college may “drop in” years after; those who hold a full-time job now may lose it or leave it for any number of reasons; marriage or cohabitation are scarcely permanent arrangements, but may eventuate in separation or divorce (or the death of a partner) and a new marital status. Even having a child of one’s own living in one’s household can be subject to status change. Nonetheless, such normative markers reflect key exits and entrances into adult statuses, and as such the typology of the five transitions remains useful as a means to sketch, if with broad brush strokes, a heuristically meaningful empirical portrait of the social situation of young adults.
Two putative GATA motifs in the proximal exon 1 promoter of the rat insulin-like growth factor I gene regulate basal promoter activity.

The insulin-like growth factor I gene is transcribed from two promoters, which direct synthesis of alternative first exons (exon 1 and exon 2) in insulin-like growth factor I messenger RNAs (mRNAs). An exon 1 promoter construct extending from +75 to +192 (the most upstream exon 1 start site was designated as +1) showed significant promoter activity in C6, OVCAR-3, and SK-N-MC cells. Within the +75 to +192 region, there are two perfect matches to the consensus binding site for GATA transcription factor, at +108 (GATA-A) and at +183 (GATA-B). Mutations of the GATA-A or GATA-B sequences resulted in slight (or no) effect on exon 1 promoter activity in both C6 and OVCAR-3 cells. However, mutation of the GATA-A sequence stimulated exon 1 promoter activity by 68% in SK-N-MC cells. Mutation of the GATA-B sequence inhibited exon 1 promoter activity by 4.4-fold in SK-N-MC cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that there were nuclear proteins in SK-N-MC cells capable of specifically binding to the GATA...
Analysis of the relative attitude estimation and control problem for satellite inspection and orbital rendezvous

A key component of satellite inspection and orbital rendezvous missions is relative attitude estimation and control. This paper analyzes a specific angles-only relative attitude estimation concept where it is assumed that a chaser spacecraft is capable of processing onboard imagery of a resident space object (RSO) and identifying the pixel locations of preselected RSO features. The pixel measurements along with chaser gyro and star camera data are processed by an extended Kalman filter to provide continuous estimates of the relative position and attitude. A novel linear covariance program is used to evaluate the effects of feature-tracking camera errors, gyro errors, star camera errors, measurement rates, and translation and rotational disturbances on relative navigation performance. Linear covariance techniques are further employed to evaluate the closed-loop performance of a relative attitude and position control system.
Chromium deficiency as a factor in atherosclerosis.

IT IS becoming increasingly clearthat severe atherosclerosis in man isusuallyassociated with abnormalities of glucose metabolism, a low tolerance to glucose being often found [l-4]. For many years the association of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis has been known; today, atherosclerosis is the largest single cause of death in diabetic subjects. The association of glucose and lipid metabolism is well known [5, 61, and in atherosclerosis, disorders of both are found in disease of the coronary arteries [7, 81 and in older atherosclerotic subjects without obvious localized arterial obstruction [9]. The common factor appears to be a high level of circulating insulin [l]. Chromium is a trace metal essential for glucose and lipid metabolism [lo], being necessary for the action of insulin [ll]. Experimental chromium deficiency leads, in rats [ 121 and squirrel monkeys [ 131, to diminished glucose tolerance, and eventually to a state mimicking mild to moderate diabetes mellitus in its physiological aspects [14]. In rats, chromium deficiency also has led to relatively elevated serum cholesterol levels [15] and to the deposition of aortic plaques [16]. Furthermore, the feeding of chromium to rats appeared to prevent both the formation of aortic plaques and the rise of serum cholesterol with age [17], human phenomena more or less common in industrial societies but unusual in more primitive ones [18]. Therefore, a syndrome similar to moderate human atherosclerosis has been reproduced in rats by chronic chromium deficiency. According to emission spectrographic analyses, chromium deficiency existed in a sizeable fraction of human tissues from United States subjects [19], but was rarely found in foreign tissues [20, 211. Samples from areas of the world where atherosclerosis is mild or virtually absent have shown more chromium than did those where the disease was endemic [22].
Synthesis, Biodistribution, and Estrogen Receptor Scintigraphy of Indium-111—Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid–Tamoxifen Analogue

This study was aimed at developing a hydrophilic diethyl-enetriaminepentaacetic acid–tamoxifen (DTPA–Tam) analogue for use in imaging estrogen receptor positive (ER+) lesions. In rat uterine cytosol, the IC50 of DTPA-Tam conjugate was 1 µM and of tamoxifen, 2 µM. Biodistribution, autoradiography, and radionuclide imaging of 111In–DTPA–Tam in breast-tumor-bearing rats showed that tumor-to-tissue ratios increased steadily between 30 min and 48 h. The in vivo response of MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts to tamoxifen and DTPA–Tam in nude mice demonstrated that DTPA–Tam could reduce tumor growth rate. These results indicate that DTPA–Tam, a new hydrophilic ER+ ligand, might be useful in diagnosing ER+ lesions.
Image and Allegory: The Simulacral Logic of Piers’s Pardon

Poststructuralist readings of Piers Plowman have often centered on the semantic instability of its allegorical characters. The vision of a purely aesthetic world — in which all bodies are images circulating without final reference — offered by theorists of the simulacrum dramatizes most fully the poem’s resistance to conservative, Platonic allegory. However, Langland curves this critique back on itself by suggesting that this aesthetic vision is likewise conceptual; art can never escape the syllogistic mode of allegory. The pardon scene brings these concerns into focus: Piers’s pardon is a simulacrum that critiques his desire to be pardoned. Piers sought to exemplify only his ethic of honest labor, but his experiences with Waster and Hunger undermined it as an informing principle. The simulacral pardon, in which he hoped to find an apology justifying his labor, disabuses him of such identifying principles; however, Langland transforms this aesthetic disinvestment into the informing idea of his allegory, o...
Neonatal modulation of adult rat hepatic microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities by Aroclor 1254 or phenobarbital.

The constitutive and Aroclor 1254-induced activities of hepatic microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylases in male and female rats were determined in animals from ages 11 to 120 days. In 11-day-old noninduced male rats, benzo[a]pyrenediones and 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene were the major microsomal metabolites; in 21-day-old males benzo[a]pyrene-diones and benzo[a]pyrene-9,10-dihydrodiol were predominant. In 60- and 120-day-old animals 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was the major microsomal metabolite. A similar trend was observed for the development of benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities in female rats. With the exception of 4,5-dihydrodiol formation, the highest induction of individual and total benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities by Aroclor 1254 was observed in the 21-day-old immature male rats, in which there was a 330- and 4.5-fold increase in the formation of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene and quinone metabolites, respectively. The induction of benzo[a]pyrene total metabolite formation by Aroclor 1254 in female rats from 11 to 120 days of age was relatively constant (i.e., 13.3- to 10.1-fold induction); however, the relative induction of the individual benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylases was highly variable. In a second set of experiments, male and female rats were neonatally exposed to phenobarbital (600 mumol/kg) or Aroclor 1254 (100 mumol/kg), and the effects of these xenobiotics on neonatal imprinting of hepatic microsomal benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities were determined in the 120-day-old animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Isolation, gratification, justification: offenders' explanations of child molesting.

Child sexual abusers' descriptions of their thoughts, behaviors, and relationships were identified by reviewing qualitative research studies published between 1982 and 2001. Offenders used cognitive distortions to meet personal needs, protect themselves from aversive self-awareness, and overcome internal inhibitions against engaging children in sexual activity. Offenders carefully groomed their victims by systematically separating them from their families and peers and socializing them into sexual relationships. Specific cognitive and behavioral processes were used to translate sexual arousal into offending behavior. Offenders justified the abuse by making excuses and redefining their actions as love and mutuality. Throughout the process, offenders exploited the power imbalance inherent in all adult-child relationships. The participants in these studies provided a unique perspective on child sexual abuse that can be used to help victims cope, guide treatment development and evaluation, and suggest new que...
An Optical Technique To Forestall The Re-Exposure In High-Speed Photography

When a high-speed photograph is being taken, the re-exposure often occurs on the film exposed by the signals before. It may disturb to identify the signals, even spoil the experimental data. Using the technique (controlling exposure amount and cutting off the beam path) described in this paper can effectively prevent the film from re-exposure.
Axial liquid mixing in liquid—solid and gas—liquid—solid fluidized beds containing low density particles☆

Abstract Axial dispersion coefficients in liquid—solid and gas—liquid—solid fluidized beds of low density particles were measured and analyzed. The particles used have densities and sizes, ranging respectively from 1.05 to 1.3 g/cm 3 and from 1.0 to 2.5 mm, comparable to those of bioparticles used in biological applications. The extent of axial liquid mixing in both systems is significantly less that that in beds of heavy particles, indicating that particle density effects on axial liquid mixing is important.
Anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, and prostate cancer prevention

Prostate cancer may be the most common preventable cancer among men in the United States (US) and the rest of the developed world. Emerging insights into the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer suggest that damage to the prostate epithelium, potentially inflicted by a variety of exposures, triggers procarcinogenic inflammatory processes to promote disease development. In this milieu, the damaged epithelium may generate proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) lesions, which may progress to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or to prostate cancer. To attenuate prostatic carcinogenesis driven by chronic or recurrent prostate inflammation, rational chemoprevention has thus far featured anti-inflammatory drugs and antioxidants. Results from clinical trials of these approaches have been mixed, emphasizing the need for mechanistic studies of the contribution of inflammation to prostatic carcinogenesis, more extensive analyses of the pharmacology, including distribution of drugs into target tissue, and, rational development of biomarkers to identify patients that are most likely to respond to anti-inflammatory drugs and antioxidants (targeted chemoprevention), alone, or in combination (combination chemoprevention).
Balancing different types of actin polymerization at distinct sites roles for Abelson kinase and Enabled

The proto-oncogenic kinase Abelson (Abl) regulates actin in response to cell signaling. Drosophila Abl is required in the nervous system, and also in epithelial cells, where it regulates adherens junction stability and actin organization. Abl acts at least in part via the actin regulator Enabled (Ena), but the mechanism by which Abl regulates Ena is unknown. We describe a novel role for Abl in early Drosophila development, where it regulates the site and type of actin structures produced. In Abl's absence, excess actin is polymerized in apical microvilli, whereas too little actin is assembled into pseudocleavage and cellularization furrows. These effects involve Ena misregulation. In abl mutants, Ena accumulates ectopically at the apical cortex where excess actin is observed, suggesting that Abl regulates Ena's subcellular localization. We also examined other actin regulators. Loss of Abl leads to changes in the localization of the Arp2/3 complex and the formin Diaphanous, and mutations in diaphanous or capping protein β enhance abl phenotypes.
Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression, 1920-1941

No two decades have done more to shape the character of late 20th-century American life that the 1920s and 1930s, when prosperity and depression deeply transformed society. These were the years when the new mass consumer culture of the Roaring Twenties - the automobile, electricity, radio, motion pictures and advertising - fundamentally altered how Americans worked and played, how they ate and dressed, and how they thought about themselves and saw one another. These were the years when the Great Depression shook the country's faith in traditional values and institutions, when women first did battle for an equal rights amendment, when prohibition came in and went out, and when Franklin D. Roosevelt became "commander in chief of a generation". Other books in this series are "Pivotal Decades 1900-20" and "The Proud Decades 1941-60".
Reevaluation of Nonphytate Phosphorus Requirement of Growing Pullets with and Without Phytase

Abstract An experiment was conducted to re-evaluate the nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) requirement of growing pullets and to determine to what extent this requirement could be reduced by phytase. Six diets in a 3 × 2 factorial design were used. The pullets of the control group (T1) were fed a sequence of 0.4-0.35-0.3% NPP for the age periods of 0 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12 to 18 wk, respectively, according to NRC (1994) recommendation. The NPP level was reduced by an increment of 0.1% in each phase in T2 and T3. The pullets of T4 to T6 were fed similar NPP levels to T1 to T3, respectively, with 300 units phytase/kg diet. From 18 to 30 wk of age, the pullets on all growing regimens were fed a layer diet with 0.4% NPP. Records were maintained for BW and feed intake during the growing period and for egg production during the laying period. Blood and tibia samples were taken at 6, 12, and 18 wk of age for determining plasma P, tibia weight, and tibia ash. Two digestion trials were conducted at Weeks 5 and 18 for determining total P excretion. Body weights at 18 wk and feed intake for the period of 0 to 18 wk were not different from the control for pullets fed the two lower NPP regimens (P > 0.05). Phytase had a favorable effect on BW at 18 wk (P = 0.0539) and feed intake for the period of 0 to 18 wk (P 0.05). Phytase, for the most part did, not have an effect on plasma P and bone quality (P > 0.05). Total P intake and total P excretion (mg/bird per day) were reduced due to lowering the dietary NPP in both digestion trials (P
Development of a real-time control architecture for a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle for intervention missions

The need for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for intervention missions becomes greater as they can perform underwater tasks requiring physical contacts with the underwater environment, such as underwater plug-in/plug-out, construction and repair, cable streaming, mine hunting, munitions retrieval, and scientific sampling. This paper describes a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle for intervention missions that has multiple on-board CPUs, redundant sensors and actuators, on-board power source and a robotic manipulator for dextrous underwater performance. Such a complex robotic vehicle system requires advanced control software architecture for on-board intelligence with a wide range of sensors and actuators to carry out required missions. In this paper, AUV control architectures are reviewed and a sensor data bus based control architecture (SDBCA) is presented. SDBCA is a modified hierarchical architecture that offers good controllability and stability while sensor data bus increases flexibility of system design, making it possible to have a prompt response from high-level control with respect to low-level sensor data. The overall sensor input mechanism of SDBCA becomes similar to the sensor input mechanism of subsumption architecture.
Doubly excited 3 P o resonance states of He below the N=2 and N=3 He + thresholds

Doubly excited $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}^{\mathit{o}}$ autoionizing states in He below the N=2 and N=3 thresholds of ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ ions are calculated by use of a method of complex-coordinate rotation. Hylleraas-type wave functions are used to calculate resonance parameters for intrashell states (the two electrons occupy the same shell) and other low-lying states, and products of Slater orbitals are used for high-lying intershell states (the two electrons occupy different shells). A total of 16 resonances below the N=2 ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ thresholds are reported in this work. This includes seven members in the 2${\mathit{snp}}_{+}$ (2\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}8) series, five members in the 2${\mathit{snp}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ (3\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}7) series, and four members in the 2pnd (3\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}6) series. A total of 19 resonances below the N=3 ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ threshold are also reported here. Using the (KTNn) notation, the present work includes five members in the (203n) series with (3\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}7), five members in the (003n) series (3\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}7), four members in the (113n) series (4\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}7), three members in the (-113n) series (4\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}6), and two members in the (-203n) series (4\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}5). Comparisons are made with other theoretical calculations.
Severe hypocalcemia following a single injection of denosumab in a patient with renal impairment

Monitoring renal function and adjusting dosing for patients with impaired renal function are not required with denosumab (60 mg every 6 months). However, these patients have an increased risk for developing hypocalcemia. This case report describes a patient with renal impairment who developed severe hypocalcemia after receiving denosumab.
Vampires, Desire, Girls and God: Twilight and the Spiritualities of Adolescent Girls

Fantasy fiction long has been read for its capacity to narrate religious meanings and themes for young readers. Since its publication in 2005, Stephenie Meyer’s young adult series Twilight, in which an adolescent girl falls in love with a vampire, has become a pop culture phenomenon among U.S. teen girls. Although vampires usually represent dangerous desire, rarely have these creatures been treated as spiritually attractive figures. Using feminist perspectives on the psychology of gender and Christian feminist theology, this article offers a critical exploration of Twilight’s constructions of intimate relationships, supernatural masculinities, and girlhood, arguing that Twilight’s girl-appeal stems from its ability to tap into both the sexual and spiritual desires of girls.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in herpesvirus infections.

A. INTRODUCTION B. MEASUREMENT OF CTL AND THEIR DIFFERENTIATION FROM OTHER FORMS OF CYTOTOXICITY 1. The chromium re lease assay 2. S p e c i f i c i t y con t ro l s 3. I d e n t i f i c a t i o n of e f f e c t o r c e l l s w i th a l l o a n t i s e r a 4. Ef fec t of i n h i b i t o r s on CTL 5. Target c e l l s C. INDUCTION OF CTL IN VIVO i . General c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s 2. Other f ac to r s a f f e c t i n g CTL induct ion in v ivo 3. The need to induce helper e f f ec t s 4. Induct ion of CTL in v ivo wi th i nac t i va ted v i r a l ant igen prepara t ions 5. In f luence of rou te of i n f ec t i on 6. Immune response gene cont ro l of CTL induc t ion in v ivo 7. Induct ion of immunity by a n t i i d i o t y p e immunization D. INDUCTION OF CTL IN VITRO 1. General character ist ics 2. Antigens involved in CTL induction 3. Cell interact ion required for CTL induction 4. Suppressor c i rcu i ts regulating CTL E. TARGET ANTIGEN RECOGNITION BY CTL F. ROLE OF CTL IN IMMUNITY i . General considerations 2. Correlating CTL production with remission of infection 3. Adoptive transfer of CTL G. ROLE OF CTL IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY H. CONCLUSIONS
Patterns of drinking in a small development town in Israel.

Summary The two central questions investigated in this study were the extent of alcohol consumption among the adult population in a small development town in Israel and the relationship between heavy drinking (daily drinking) and feelings of distress in four areas of life–economic, social, personal, and health. The findings indicated that the percentage of daily drinkers (8%) in [his population is higher than that found in a national survey of the adult urban Jewish population in Israel (2%). Two ‘deviant’ groups of drinkers were identified–daily drinkers and weekly drinkers (those who reported drinking 2-3 times per week). These two groups drink on non-ritual and non-ceremonial occasions. Daily drinkers frequently drink alone, drink several drinks at a time, and continue to drink without realizing how much. Daily drinkers tended to have strong feelings of powerlessness and a weak sense of coherence, and tended to be socially isolated. Drinking heavily is an infrequent response in the social context of the Israeli development town. No direct relationship was found between amount or kind of distress and extent of alcohol consumption. Those who do drink heavily, however, tend to be suffering from personal and social distress.
Time series shapelets: a new primitive for data mining

Classification of time series has been attracting great interest over the past decade. Recent empirical evidence has strongly suggested that the simple nearest neighbor algorithm is very difficult to beat for most time series problems. While this may be considered good news, given the simplicity of implementing the nearest neighbor algorithm, there are some negative consequences of this. First, the nearest neighbor algorithm requires storing and searching the entire dataset, resulting in a time and space complexity that limits its applicability, especially on resource-limited sensors. Second, beyond mere classification accuracy, we often wish to gain some insight into the data.In this work we introduce a new time series primitive, time series shapelets, which addresses these limitations. Informally, shapelets are time series subsequences which are in some sense maximally representative of a class. As we shall show with extensive empirical evaluations in diverse domains, algorithms based on the time series shapelet primitives can be interpretable, more accurate and significantly faster than state-of-the-art classifiers.
CRT-9 Long-Term Clinical Outcomes with Use of Intravascular Ultrasound for the Treatment of Coronary Ostial Lesions

A higher rate of adverse cardiac events is associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of ostial lesions compared with non-ostial disease. Adjunctive imaging using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) during PCI may improve outcomes in patients with ostial disease. We evaluated the long-term
Detection of explosives using orthogonal gas sensors

An orthogonal detection system comprised of two independent sensing platforms integrated into a single sensor was recently developed to detect trace levels of explosives including TATP, 2,6-DNT and ammonium nitrate in the vapor phase. The orthogonal sensor consists of a thermodynamic based sensing platform, which measures the heat effect associated with the interaction of specific target molecules with various metal oxide catalysts (ZnO and SnO2), and a conductometric sensing platform, which monitors the electrical conductivity changes of the same catalyst when exposed to the explosive molecules. The experimental results to date indicated that the orthogonal sensor platform was very effective in identifying explosives at the ppb level. At the same time, the additional sensor signature provides redundancy in the sensor response, which helps mitigate false positives. The orthogonal sensor response is linear when plotted as a function of target molecule concentration. XPS was employed to confirm the oxidation state of metal oxides used as catalysts, which were a function of deposition and post deposition heat treatments.
A Developmental Analysis of Errors of Adult Iranian Students of English as a Foreign Language.

A method was devised for eliciting responses from learners which enabled a comparison between expected and observed frequencies of errors against a standard of native English frequency of usage. A 69,113-running-word sample gathered from 22 Iranian college students over a four-month period of instruction yielded 2,402 errors. Errors were analyzed into 27 lexical categories and 16 verb operations according to five comprehensive dimensions. Syntactic class and verb operational categories were then rank-ordered for difficulty. Developmental error trends were plotted in five regular developmental stages according to the five dimensions of error elicited. Paradigmatic-semantic errors were found most predictive of general language acquisition when error rates were examined for predictive validity.
Should Incurable Patients Be Allowed to Die

We examined differences in attitudes to the question “Should incurable patients be allowed to die?” using the General Social Survey cumulative data from 1972–2002. Utilizing logistic regression, we examined support for this statement with age, gender, race and other background variables in the basic model. Our findings are in line with past work that finds younger people, men and self-defined liberals support non-treatment compared to others all else equal. Controlling for background variables; however, we found that whites are less likely to support non-treatment than blacks.
Ion-sensitive ATP-phosphorylation processes in the axonic membrane of the squid retinal nerve

Abstract The methods were developed to study the properties of ion-sensitive acceptors of the terminal (gamma) phosphate of ATP in the axon-rich retinal nerve preparation of the squid Loligo pealei. 2. The bulk of ion-sensitive phosphorylation activities were due to CN− (2 mM) and ouabain (10−4 M)-sensitive systems. 3. By using different ion combinations and neuroactive agents, several types of phosphorylation systems were recognized.
Relationship of clathrate instability to sediment deformation in the upper Neogene of California

Widespread soft-sediment deformation (SSD) in upper-bathyal continental-margin sediments has been explained by compaction-related dewatering and related physical processes that can destabilize margin sediments. We present the hypothesis that SSD in such facies resulted in part from instability of gas hydrates (clathrates), leading to overpressurization in sediments and resulting fluid flow and brecciation. Clathrate-related deformation must be widespread in upper-bathyal continental-margin methanogenic sequences at depths where clathrates are destabilized by changes in bottom-water temperatures and sea level. A close association exists between an array of SSD features with clathrate-hosting sediments in ocean drill cores. Similar features are conspicuous in the partly laminated, upper Neogene upper bathyal sediments of the Sisquoc Formation in southern California, suggesting that clathrates may have been responsible for abundant and well-developed SSD in these units. The lithology, methane-producing organic content, and depositional environment of the Sisquoc Formation are similar to those features in modern clathrate-hosting settings. These characteristics, in conjunction with the upper bathyal paleobathymetry of the unit, the geothermal gradient of the region, and δ 13 C values of benthic foraminifera and dolomite concretions suggest the occurrence of clathrates in the shallow subsurface of these sediments. We suggest that the analyzed parts of the Sisquoc Formation represent an exhumed zone of SSD resulting from clathrate instability in the shallow subsurface of the continental margin. Sedimentary rocks exhibiting an association of SSD features that resulted from clathrate formation and dissociation are named clathrites.
Strengths, Widths, and Shapes of the Oxygen Lines near 13,100 cm(-1) (7620 A).

The absorption by the oxygen A band near 13,100 cm−1 (7620 A) has been investigated. Spectral curves with resolution between 0.6 cm−1 and 1.2 cm−1 have been obtained for several samples of O2 and O2 + N2 with path lengths from 8 m to 1185 m and pressures up to 13.6 atm. The strength of the entire band is 4.09 ± 0.25 g−1 cm2 cm−1, and the relationship between the band strength and the strengths of the individual lines has been determined. Half-widths of self-broadened lines at 1 atm pressure vary from approximately 0.074 cm−1 at J = 2 to 0.043 cm−1 for J = 25. The lines are approximately 5% wider for air at the same pressure since broadening by N2 is more efficient than self-broadening. The wings of the lines absorb less than Lorentz-shaped lines beyond approximately 10 cm−1 from the centers.
The FDA Review Process for Cardiac Medical Devices in Children: A Review for the Clinician

Abstract Pediatric medical devices play a vital role in the treatment of children with cardiovascular disease. Most cardiac medical devices used in children today are used off-label where the risk–benefit of devices has not been well characterized. Pediatric medical devices face a variety of challenges to FDA approval largely due to the small target population, heterogeneity of the patient population and ethical considerations around device testing in children. While relatively few cardiac devices have received FDA approval in children, the number of devices navigating the approval process successfully appears to be growing. Most pediatric device approvals are being granted through the humanitarian device exemption (HDE) pathway, which is designed for rare diseases and therefore suitable for devices intended to treat most forms of congenital heart disease. This review summarizes the FDA review process for pediatric cardiovascular medical devices as it continues to evolve in response to the unique challenges of evaluating device performance in children with cardiovascular disease.
The relationship between apparent motion and object files

Object files (OFs) play an important role in theories of mid-level vision. On some influential views, OFs operate and persist only via spatiotemporal continuity. One open question concerns what occurs when direct spatiotemporal continuity is absent: Do OFs move in accordance with any motion correspondence ultimately resolved? Specifically, do OFs accord with apparent motion (AM) correspondences, which arise despite a lack of continuous spatiotemporal stimulation? In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with an AM display consisting of two circles that, across two frames, were seen as moving between two noncontiguous locations. The two objects were primed with two symbols and were then moved in a single step; a third symbol appeared, and could either match the symbol from the closer or the further object. We found a robust object specific preview benefit (OSPB) for the shorter path, in other words, the path along which AM was perceived. In order to control for the possibility that priming occurs at any ne...
Neogene Palaeontology and Geochronology of the Baringo Basin, Kenya

The period from 14 to four million years is poorly known in Africa, but during this time the Ethiopian fauna became established and hominids originated. The sedimentary sequence of the Tugen Hills in the Baringo area of Kenya provides important geological, environmental and plaeontological data concerning this interval. Concordant radiometric and palaeomagnetic determinations within the type section of the Ngorora Formation show that it spans more than 2 m.y., from 13 m.y.a. to less than 10 m.y.a., and from chrons 14 to 9. Other dates refine the calibration of the Younger Mpcsida, Lukeino and Chemeron units. Palaeontological results include the collection from the Ngorora Formation of one of the best Neogene macrofloras in Africa, and more fauna, including hominoids. No equids have been recorded older than 10 m.y.a. We also report new fauna from the more recent units.
Characterization of dolichyl diphosphate phosphatase from rat liver

Dolichyl diphosphate phosphatase (DolPPase) has been characterized in rat liver. Subcellular distribution studies indicate that the enzyme is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. The in vitro enzymatic activity is stimulated by EDTA, due to release of inhibition by trivalent cations found in the assay tubes. All di- and trivalent cations tested were inhibitory, with the trivalent ions Al3+ and Fe3+ showing greater than 70% inhibition at a concentration of 10 microM. The assay requires the presence of a detergent for optimal activity, with Triton X-100 giving maximum activity at 0.1%. The substrate specificity of DolPPase toward polyprenyl diphosphates has been determined and indicates that there is little preference of the enzyme for substrates of different chain length, and either stereochemical orientation or degree of saturation of the alpha-isoprene unit. Km values of 11-14 microM were obtained for all substrates tested. Preliminary studies on the transmembrane topology of the DolPPase using latency assays, indicate that the active site of the enzyme may reside on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum.
I've Always Liked Kids

When there is a lull in our busy Ben Taub Pediatric Emergency Center, I enjoy getting to know the medical students who spend 2 weeks with us. Some of the questions I ask them are, "Where are you from?" "Do you have brothers and sisters?" and "Have you decided on a specialty yet?" In answer to the last question, students often tell me, "I'm thinking about pediatrics—I've always liked kids."
Anti-CD137 antibodies in the treatment of autoimmune disease and cancer.

CD137 (4-1BB), is an inducible T-cell costimulatory receptor and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. It is expressed on activated T cells and activated natural killer (NK) cells, but is constitutively expressed on a population of splenic dendritic cells, (DCs). The natural counter receptor for CD137 is 4-1BB ligand, a member of the TNf superfamily that is weakly expressed on naive or resting B cells, macrophages, and DCs. Upon activation, the level of 4-1BBL expression increases on these cells. In T cells CD137-induced signals lead to the recruitment of TRAF family members and activation of several kinases, including ASK-1, MKK, MAPK3/MAPK4, p38, and JNK/SAPK. Kinase activation is then followed by the activation and nuclear translocation of several transcription factors, including ATF-2, Jun, and NF-κB. CD137-mediated T-cell costimulation as measured by enhanced proliferation and cytokine production can be induced by anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) or by employing immobilized 4-1BB ligand. In addition to augmenting suboptimal TCR-induced proliferation, CD137-mediated signaling protects T cells, and in particular, CD8+T cells from activation-induced cell death (AICD). Although studies with CD137-deficient or 4-1BBL-deficient mice failed to demonstrate any loss of essential immunological function, or other noteworthy deficits, we have found that 4-1BBL-deficient mice failed to generate a strong antiviral immune response following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) peptide vaccination. We further found that although compromised, the immune response to LCMV vaccination in these mice could be fully restored by injecting them with anti-CD137 MAbs at the time of vaccination. Finally, we have found that injecting normal mice with anti-CD137 MAbs had profound effects on their ability to develop immune responses to allo- and autoantigens. The results of these studies discussed in this article provide a rationale for assessing the potential use of anti-CD137 MAbs for therapeutic purposes.