cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species stimulate insulin-like growth factor I synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Objectives: The objective was to study potential regulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I), its binding proteins, and the IGF I receptor by reactive oxygen species in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods: We used cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells exposed to xanthine (100 μM) and xanthine oxidase (5 μU/ml) or H2O2 (200 μM) and measured IGF I mRNA levels by solution hybridization/RNase protection assays, IGF I protein levels by radioimmunoassay, and IGF binding proteins by Western ligand blotting. Additionally, we measured the effect of anti-IGF I antiserum on xanthine/xanthine oxidase- and H2O2-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation. Results: Xanthine/xanthine oxidase and H2O2 stimulated increases in IGF I mRNA and protein levels and reduced IGF binding protein-4 levels in conditioned medium. The effect of xanthine/xanthine oxidase was inhibited by the scavengers superoxide dismutase and catalase. Xanthine/xanthine oxidase- and H2O2-stimulated DNA synthesis was completely inhibited by a neutralizing anti-IGF I antiserum. Conclusion: Reactive oxygen species increased vascular smooth muscle cell synthesis of IGF I and reduced levels of the inhibitory IGF binding protein-4. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species-induced DNA synthesis was inhibited by an anti-IGF I antiserum. These findings suggest that the autocrine IGF I system plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle cell growth responses to reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the findings have important implications for understanding biological responses to changes in redox state.
Modeling and control of constrained dynamic systems with application to biped locomotion in the frontal plane

The general problem of control of state-space constrained dynamic systems is considered. Based on the derivation of the constraint forces as explicit functions of the state and the input, a general model is presented that encompasses both the constrained case and the corresponding unconstrained case. Stability and point-to-point motion of these systems in the vicinity of an operating point are considered under operating conditions which either maintain or deliberately violate the constraints. Algorithms for computation of the necessary feedback gains in the vicinity of the operating point are discussed. For a three-link biped model, several motions in the vicinity of the vertical stance are considered, and the necessary feedback gains are derived. Digital computer simulation of some biped motions are carried out to serve as examples and to demonstrate use of the theory. This work is to be regarded as an elementary step in better understanding of human motor control and in the design of robots and prosthetic devices.
Bringing out the DCs' softer side in GVHD.

In this issue of Blood, Capitini et al use mouse models to demonstrate that STAT1 loss or inhibition causes dendritic cell (DC) modulation, resulting in lesser GVHD.1
DENTISTRY IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Dental problems are commonly seen in the emergency department. Although most emergency physicians have had little formal training in dentistry, the majority of these problems can be diagnosed and treated without the need for emergent dental consultation. The necessary procedures may require initial instruction by a cooperative consultant but are easily learned and well within the scope of practice of the emergency physician. Time invested in familiarization with the diagnosis and treatment of the more common dental problems will be rewarded with patient satisfaction.
SU-GG-T-194: Experimental Determination of Correction Factors for Miniphantoms with Different Z for Measurement of In-Air Dosimetry Quantities at Off-Axis Points

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to experimentally determine the correction factors for miniphantoms of different Z for off‐axis measurements of in‐air quantities. Method and Materials: Measurements were performed for two megavoltage photon beams (6x and 15x). Different amount of miniphantom materials were used with radiological buildup depths ranging from 1.8 to 25 g/cm2. We used four mini‐phantom materials: Lucite, Graphite,Copper and Lead. In‐air quantities include: in‐air off‐axis ratio, in‐air wedge factor and output factor. Results: The mini‐phantom material has an effect on the measured in‐air dosimetric quantities. The correction factor increases with increasing Z of material, build‐up and energy. There is a maximum 1% headscatter correction factor. This error increases with increasing beam energy and increasing Z material. Off‐axis ratio correction factor also increases with increasing Z material and with increasing energy. A maximum error of 6% was observed. Conclusion: We concluded that the mini‐phantom material has an effect on the measured in‐air dosimetric quantities. The correction factor increases with increasing of Z material, build‐up and energy. There is a maximum 1% headscatter correction factor, which is the highest for lead. An off‐axis correction factor of up to 6% was determined.
Performance of vibro-acoustography in detecting microcalcifications in excised human breast tissue: a study of 74 tissue samples

X-ray mammography is the principal modality used today for detection of breast microcalcifications and breast lesions associated with breast cancer. X-ray mammography, however, is ionizing and its sensitivity is greatly reduced in dense breasts. Hence, alternative noninvasive and nonionizing breast imaging tools that can aid physicians to better diagnose early-stage breast lesions are of great interest. Vibro-acoustography is a novel noninvasive imaging technique that uses ultrasound in a fundamentally new way. This method uses the radiation force of ultrasound to vibrate the tissue at low (kilohertz) frequency and records the resulting response to produce images that are related to the mechanical properties of the tissue. The goal of this study is to evaluate the performance of vibro-acoustography in detecting breast microcalcifications by conducting vibro-acoustography on 74 fixed breast tissue samples with known microcalcifications based on their radiographs. The results indicate that in most cases micro-calcifications can be detected by vibro-acoustography. Further development of vibro-acoustography may lead to a novel-imaging tool for in vivo detection of microcalcifications.
Cocaine inhibits baroreflex control of blood pressure by actions at arterial baroreceptors.

Blood pressure and heart rate often increase during cocaine intoxication, but the mechanisms of these cardiovascular responses are poorly understood. The most often suggested theories are central n...
Disparities by Race, Age, and Sex in the Improvement of Survival for Major Cancers: Results From the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program in the United States, 1990 to 2010.

Importance Substantial progress has been made in cancer diagnosis and treatment, resulting in a steady improvement in cancer survival. The degree of improvement by age, race, and sex remains unclear. Objective To quantify the degree of survival improvement over time by age, race, and sex in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal analyses of cancer follow-up data from 1990 to 2010, from 1.02 million patients who had been diagnosed as having cancer of the colon or rectum, breast, prostate, lung, liver, pancreas, or ovary from 1990 to 2009 and who were included in 1 of 9 population-based registries of the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Main Outcomes and Measures Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for cancer-specific death were estimated for patients diagnosed as having any of these cancers during 1995 to 1999, 2000 to 2004, and 2005 to 2009, compared with those diagnosed in 1990 to 1994. Results Significant improvements in survival were found for cancers of the colon or rectum, breast, prostate, lung, and liver. Improvements were more pronounced for younger patients. For patients aged 50 to 64 years and diagnosed from 2005 to 2009, adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 0.57 (95% CI, 0.55-0.60), 0.48 (95% CI, 0.45-0.51), 0.61 (95% CI, 0.57-0.69), and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.30-0.36), for cancer of the colon or rectum, breast, liver, and prostate, respectively, compared with the same age groups of patients diagnosed during 1990 to 1994. However, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for elderly patients (those 75-85 years old) were only 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82-0.95), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.69-0.84), and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.61-0.70), for the same 4 cancer sites, respectively. A similar, although weaker, age-related period effect was observed for lung and pancreatic cancers. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for lung cancer were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73-0.77) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.81-0.86), respectively, for patients aged 50 to 64 years and 75 to 85 years diagnosed between 2005 and 2009, compared with the same age groups of patients diagnosed between 1990 and 1994 (0.73 [95% CI, 0.69-0.77] and 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85-0.95], respectively. Compared with whites or Asians, African Americans experienced greater improvement in prostate cancer survival. From 1990 to 2009, ovarian cancer survival declined among African Americans but improved among whites. No apparent sex difference in the degree of improvement for any non–sex-specific cancer was noted. Conclusions and Relevance Younger patients experienced greater benefit from recent oncology advances than elderly patients. African Americans experienced poorer survival than whites for all cancers, and the racial difference decreased for prostate cancer but increased for ovarian cancer. Identifying factors associated with varied improvement in cancer survival can inform future improvements in cancer care for all.
Religion and the Primary Process in the 2008 Presidential Election

This paper examines the role of religion in the 2008 presidential primaries, focusing on three questions: (1) Did religion play a major role in the primaries? (2) In what ways did religion play a role? and (3) Did the primary election process reveal a continued existence of a “God gap” in American electoral politics. Religion did indeed play a major role in the presidential primaries although in ways which differed from recent presidential elections. Democrats made a concerted effort to narrow the “God gap” and the Democratic nominee, Barak Obama, proved to be more comfortable with religion and religious rhetoric than did his Republican opponent, John McCain. Nonetheless, McCain’s issue positions resonated better with the G.O.P.’s grass-roots evangelical supporters. Regardless of the specific outcome of the 2008 primaries, religion promises to shape the outcomes of future presidential primaries as well as general elections.
ICA-Based Signal Equalization for Digital Receivers

A technique using independent component analysis (ICA) for blind receiver signal processing is investigated. The problem of the receiver signal processing is viewed as of signal equalization and implementation imperfections compensation. Based on this, a model similar to a general ICA problem is developed for the received signal. Then, the use of ICA technique for blind signal equalization in the time domain is presented. The equalization is regarded as a signal separation problem, since the desired signal is separated from interference terms. A common problem using ICA-based techniques is to find a satisfactory number of the mixing signals to populate the mixing matrix. This problem is addressed in the paper by over-sampling of the received signal. By using ICA for equalization, besides channel equalization, other transmission imperfections such as DC bias offset, carrier phase and IQ imbalance will also be corrected. Simulation results for a system using 16-QAM modulation are presented to show the performance of the proposed scheme.
INTEGRATING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION METHODS IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE RESEARCH

For many years, there has been an ongoing debate about whether we should focus on qualitative or quantitative evaluation. Although prior discussions have often been adversarial (i.e., advancing one to the exclusion of the other or defending one's existence), most practitioners largely consider them to be two sides of the same coin. The need for integration is particularly evident when evaluating substance abuse programs because the individuals involved often have competing contextual demands and multiple problems that require the use of multiple types of treatment, outcomes, and analysis models. Unfortunately, there is little published literature on how to do this. In this paper, some specific opportunities and techniques are identified for combining and integrating qualitative and quantitative methods from the design stage through implementation and reporting.
Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithms for Re-entrant Hybrid Flowshop Scheduling

This paper focuses on a re-entrant hybrid flowshop scheduling (RHFS) problem with the objective of minimizing the sum of weighted completion time of jobs. In the re-entrant hybrid flowshop considered here, there are several stages, each with identical parallel machines. This problem is strongly NP-hard since it is more complicated than general hybrid flowshop which is already proven to be NP-hard. We present the first implementation of the Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) for the problem. The complication and time-consumption of solving all the subproblems at each iteration in subgradient optimization motivate the development of the surrogate subgradient method where only one subproblem is minimized at each iteration and an adaptive multiplier update scheme of Lagrangian multipliers is designed. The computational experiments are performed on randomly generated test problems and the results demonstrate that the proposed method can solve the problem effectively in a reasonable amount of the computation time.
Choosing a test of normality for small samples

The Cornu criterion and the coefficient of skewness test are shown to be preferable to other tests when testing the hypothesis that small samples, less than 100, have been obtained from a normal population. The Cornu ratio of mean deviation to standard deviation is highly negatively correlated with the coefficient of kurtosis.
Seafloor in the Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 Search Area

On the morning of 8 March 2014, Malaysia Airlines flight MH370, from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing, lost contact with air traffic control shortly after takeoff and vanished. While the world waited for any sign of the missing aircraft and the 239 people on board, authorities and scientists began to investigate what little information was known about the plane's actual movements.
Identification of the site of covalent attachment of nafcillin, a reversible suicide inhibitor of β-lactamase

Nafcillin was shown to reversibly inhibit beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 with characteristics indicative of a type A inhibitor [Citri, Samuni & Zyk (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 1048-1052]. At nafcillin concentrations above 80 mM, complete inactivation occurred within 200 s. Upon removal of the excess nafcillin the inhibited enzyme was re-activated completely, with a rate constant of 2.0 x 10(-3) s-1 (25 degrees C). The inhibited enzyme was shown to be in the form of a covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate. Digestion by pepsin and trypsin yielded a single nafcillin-labelled peptide fragment which was isolated, sequenced and shown to be: Ala-Tyr-Ala-Ser-Thr-Ser-Lys. This sequence corresponds to the region surrounding the active-site serine residue, Ser-70, indicating that the inhibitor is covalently attached to the same residue as productive substrates.
Counseling a patient with the antenatal diagnosis of a cerebellar abnormality and a pharyngeal cyst

Introduction Prenatal counseling with regards to the prognosis of a cerebellar abnormality is hindered not only by the diverse clinical presentations but also by the presence of subtle findings. We present a case of a distinct combination of asymmetric cerebellar hypoplasia secondary to an anterior meningoencephalocele through a clival defect that caused a severe airway obstruction in the newborn. Case Description A 21-year-old gravida 4 para 0 mother with a dichorionic–diamniotic twin pregnancy was referred for a second trimester sonographic survey. An asymmetric cerebellar hypoplasia, mega cisterna magna, and a pharyngeal cystic mass were noted on twin A. Magnetic resonance imaging report confirmed posterior fossa abnormalities and shed no light on the differential diagnosis of the cystic mass. The pregnancy ended by Cesarean delivery at 32 weeksʼ gestation after a preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Twin A had a severe airway obstruction. Postnatal evaluation confirmed a midline anterior meningoencephalocele through a defect in the clivus. The microarray chromosomal analysis demonstrated a 5q15 variant with uncertain clinical significance. Conclusion Antenatal recognition of the unique combination of a cerebellar hypoplasia with a pharyngeal cyst can impact the prenatal counseling as well as neonatal management.
Polyunsaturated Protected Lipid: Effect on Triglyceride Molecular Weight Distribution

Abstract Five lactating Holsteins were fed a polyunsaturated protected lipid supplement for 28 days. There were no significant changes in dry matter consumed or milk produced per cow per day. No changes in protein, solids-not-fat, and freezing point of the milk were significant. All cows increased from 22 to 34% in daily milk fat production. As expected, the fatty acid composition of the milk fat changed markedly during protected lipid feeding with increases in production of C4, C18:0, C18:l, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acids. The production of triglyceride classes with 40, 52, and 54 fatty acid carbons also increased. Per day mammary production of the short chain fatty acids increased while the medium chain length fatty acid output decreased. This supports evidence by other researchers that two mechanisms of mammary synthesis are generating short and medium chain length fatty acids in milk fat.
Optimal XOR hashing for a linearly distributed address lookup in computer networks

Hashing algorithms have been widely adopted to provide a fast address look-up process which involves a search through a large database to find a record associated with a given key. Modern examples include address-lookup in network routers for a forwarding outgoing link, rule-matching in intrusion detection systems comparing incoming packets with a large database, etc. Hashing algorithms involve transforming a key inside each target data to a hash value hoping that the hashing would render the database a uniform distribution with respect to this new hash value. When the database are already key-wise uniformly distributed, any regular hashing algorithm would easily lead to perfectly uniform distribution after the hashing. On the other hand, if records in the database are instead not uniformly distributed, then different hashing functions would lead to different performance. This paper addresses the case when such distribution follows a natural negative linear distribution, which is found to approximate distributions in many various applications. For this distribution, we derive a general formula for calculating the distribution variance produced by any given non-overlapped bit-grouping XOR hashing function. Such a distribution variance from the hashing directly translates to performance variations in searching. In this paper, the best XOR hashing function is determined for any given key size and any given hashing target size.
High-Pressure Steam Flow in Turbine Bypass Valve System Part 1: Valve Flow

This paper presents a study of steam e ow behavior through a high-pressure turbine bypass valve when it suffers a high-pressure reduction in an electric-power-plant cogeneratorsystem. Efforts have been mainly directed at investigating the process of steam e ow and property variations in the aforementioned bypass valve as well as at obtaining correlations between the e ow rate and the valve opening ratio. Modeling of the high-pressure turbulent steam e ow was performed on a three-dimensional nonstaggered grid system by employing the e nite volume differencing method and by solving the three-dimensional, turbulent, compressible Navier ‐Stokes and energy equations. Through this research numerous data have been acquired and analyzed. These efforts enable us to obtain a correlation data set for the valve-opening vs the e ow rate coefe cient of the valve. One of the signie cant accomplishments isto use the model presented here to further improvethedesign of a high-pressuresteam turbine bypass e ow valve to reduce a high-velocity spot in the valve e ow pass so that noise can be suppressed.
Syphilis and Pregnancy

Untreated syphilis during pregnancy is associated with spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, nonimmune hydrops, premature delivery, and perinatal death. Syphilis in the United States is currently found among racial and ethnic minorities who live in poverty. A major contributor to the increased incidence of syphilis in the late 1980s and early 1990s was the use of crack cocaine and the exchange of illegal drugs for sex. Gestational syphilis primarily affects women who are young and unmarried and who receive inadequate or no prenatal care. A pregnant woman with syphilis can transmit the infection to her unborn infant in utero, presumably by a transplacental route or possibly during delivery by contact with a genital lesion. The effect of concurrent maternal infection with Treponema pallidum and HIV on the risk of fetal infection with T. pallidum and HIV remains to be elucidated. The risk of prematurity, perinatal death, and congenital infection is directly related to the stage of maternal syphilis during pregnancy. An early clue to the diagnosis of congenital syphilis is provided by examination of the placenta. The infected placenta is often large, thick, and pale; the histologic findings consist of focal villitis, endovascular and perivascular proliferation in villous vessels, and relative immaturity of the villi. Penicillin remains the drug of choice for treatment of both acquired and congenital syphilis. Prevention of syphilis among pregnant women has remained an elusive public health goal.
Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran: The Staff Policies and the Purges

Nothing demonstrated more clearly the frustrations of the emerging educated middle class than its view of the internal workings of the Ottoman state. That the CUP represented this class has been a central claim of this study. Few have accorded this class the independence it deserves. It is usually seen as being under tutelage and pursuing the project of another more “fundamental” class, more closely tied to the production process, be it the (industrial) bourgeoisie or the landowners. Yet this was a cohesive and independent professional middle class, capable of pursuing programs of its own. In this so-called bourgeois revolution, it displayed strong antagonism toward the prosperous Ottoman bourgeoisie, which was ethnically distinct. On the other hand, when it did foster the development of the Turkish industrial bourgeoisie from scratch, through the planned National Economy program during the First World War, its aims were both ethnic and economic. The CUP, and the revolution, were not organic evolutionary byproducts of an economic system. The class and its programs could not be reduced to economic determinacy, and if anything, it was the emerging bourgeoisie that was under its tutelage. The Turkish bourgeoisie would not have come into existence in that shape, form, and time without the intervention of the middle class in a project that had nationalism and orientation to the state at its core. Before concern for the economy, the CUP was focused on the blocked mobility of the emerging class. Here educational credentials were its weapon of choice. It portrayed its zeal not as expression of self-interest but a wish for the general good, adamant that its particularistic interests converged with those of the empire’s inhabitants. Its harsh staff reforms were depicted as a necessary, albeit painful, step toward saving the empire and achieving all that a rational, modern state promised. With this attitude it easily dismissed criticisms of narrow self-interestedness and focused with confidence on the “scientific” task at hand, something it could not as easily do when it came to criticisms of its constitutional conduct. No position of high rank was safe any longer. Most top administrators and military men were either guilty of connection to the sultan, or considered to be without merit or proper education. The low-ranking bureaucrats of all kinds, and military rankers, were no more secure. Their large numbers were argued to be a drain on the treasury.
Influence of Ascorbic Acid on Oxidation of Tyrosine by Ultraviolet Light

SummaryAscorbic acid furthers the actinic transformation of tyrosine into dopa and that of synephrin into epinephrine but inhibits any further oxidation. It reduces melanin to a water-soluble yellow substance.
Temperature evolution of an experimental salt-gradient solar pond

A salt-gradient solar pond is a low-cost, large-scale solar collector with integrated storage that can be used as a source of energy in low-grade-heat thermal desalination systems. This work presents the thermal evolution of an experimental solar pond for both the maturation and heat extraction time periods. The temperature profile was measured every 1.1 cm using a vertical high-resolution distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system, with a temperature resolution of 0.04oC. Temperatures of 34 and 45oC were achieved in the bottom of the pond when the lights were on for 12 and 24 hours per day, respectively. Heat was extracted at a rate of 139 W from the solar pond, which corresponded to an efficiency of 29%. Stratification and mixing were clearly observed inside the solar pond using the vertical high-resolution DTS system.
Fabrication of bulk graded microcellular nickel foams using combined electroless and electroplating of polymer sphere template

Abstract Graded microcellular nickel foams are a special category of nickel foams having regions with varying pore sizes. Potential applications for these functionally graded foams include heat-exchangers, energy absorption, and filtration. In this study, a new technique of fabricating bulk graded microcellular nickel foams employing a combined electroless and electro-deposition on a polymer template is presented. The polymer template is fabricated using a vacuum extraction technique. Electroless plating ensures initial nickel deposition on the polymer template and subsequent electroplating is used to control the density of the nickel deposits. The resulting foams have average porosity of around 94%.
INBREEDING AND THE EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISM UNDER KIN SELECTION: EFFECTS ON RELATEDNESS AND GROUP STRUCTURE.

Relatedness, the central concept of Hamilton's (1964a, 1964b) theory of kin selection, refers to similarity in genetic structure among groups of individuals, and plays a key role in the evolution of interactions that affect the fitness of genetically related individuals. Such interactions include, but are not limited to, interactions that are considered "social" in the usual sense of the word. For example, relatedness represents an important component of reproductive value in populations evolving sex ratio modification (Hamilton, 1972; Trivers and Hare, 1976; Uyenoyama and Bengtsson, 1981, 1982) and parthenogenesis (Williams, 1971, 1980; Maynard Smith, 1974; Uyenoyama, 1984). Relatedness within groups is determined by the rules of group formation (assortation of interacting phenotypes into demes (Hamilton, 1971)), and in the particular case of groups defined with respect to genealogical relationship it depends on the mating system. Numerous definitions of relatedness in inbred populations appear in the kin selection literature (Hamilton, 1971, 1972; Flesness, 1978; Bartz, 1979; Michod, 1979; Michod and Anderson, 1979; Aoki, 1981; Seger, 1981). However, because many of these measures were proposed independently of studies of changes in genotypic frequencies (studies in which the mating system is explicit), the significance of such definitions to requirements for the evolution of altruism remains unclear (Hamilton, 1971; Michod, 1979, 1980). Michod and Hamilton (1980) demonstrated that the several proposed definitions of relatedness are equivalent and identical to
Spin Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) Magnetometers

A little more than a decade ago spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) magnetometers set a new record of magnetic field sensitivity surpassing cryogenic SQUIDs. Since then a lot of progress has been made in design, commercialization, and development of novel applications of the SERF magnetometers. In addition, the operation of the SERF magnetometer was extended beyond the SERF regime resulting in the discovery of ultra-high sensitivity high frequency and scalar magnetometers. This chapter will cover some basic principles of SERF and high-density SERF-like magnetometers in the regimes when spin-exchange collisions affect the line-width of the magnetometers. Various topics will be covered: the SERF operation, the role of spin-exchange collisions, fundamental and technical noises in SERF and other high-density magnetometers, light shifts, optical pumping. The formalism of density matrix equations will be briefly described with some illustrations. At some conditions, Bloch equations can also provide adequate treatment of spin dynamics, so this topic is also briefly covered. Some applications, such as magnetoencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), of SERF, high-frequency, and scalar magnetometers will be discussed. The number of applications will grow in the future, especially when high-sensitivity SERF magnetometers become commercially available and their operation becomes simple and user-friendly. Finally, it is anticipated that in the near future many applications developed with SQUIDs will be gradually replaced with those based on SERF and other ultra-sensitive atomic magnetometers.
The role of Wernicke's area in language comprehension.

The aphasia literature frequently states that Wernicke’s area is responsible for language understanding. The aim of this study was to pinpoint the core function of Wernicke’s area. Neuroimaging and clinical data indicate that Wernicke’s area participates in phonological and lexical recognition. A mu
Seven principles of inductive software engineering: What we do is different

Abstract Inductive software engineering is the branch of software engineering focusing on the delivery of data-mining based software applications. Within those data mines, the core problem is induction , which is the extraction of small patterns from larger data sets. Inductive engineers spend much effort trying to understand business goals in order to inductively generate the models that matter the most.
Radio spectroscopy of stellar flares: magnetic reconnection & CME shocks in stellar coronae

High-cadence spectroscopy of solar and stellar coherent radio bursts is a powerful diagnostic tool to study coronal conditions during magnetic reconnection in flares and to detect coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We present results from wide-bandwidth VLA observations of nearby active M dwarfs, including some observations with simultaneous VLBA imaging. We also discuss the Starburst program, which will make wide-bandwidth radio spectroscopic observations of nearby active flare stars for 20+ hours a day for multiple years, coming online in spring 2016 at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. This program should vastly increase the diversity of observed stellar radio bursts and our understanding of their origins, and offers the potential to detect a population of CME-associated radio bursts.
Time Since Inciting Event Is Associated With Higher Centralized Pain Symptoms in Patients Diagnosed With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Background and Objectives We hypothesized that patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) with a longer time since their inciting event would demonstrate more symptoms of centralized pain. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 160 patients with CRPS using validated measures of pain, negative mood, and functioning at the time of their new patient evaluation. The 2011 Fibromyalgia Survey Criteria is a validated self-report measure of widespread body pain and comorbid symptoms (eg, trouble thinking, headaches). The measure was used as a surrogate for centralized pain symptoms. Univariate analyses and multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between patient characteristics and the duration of CRPS. Results The cohort was divided into tertiles based on the time since the inciting event ( 3 years) for univariate comparisons. Unlike the other measures of pain, mood, and function, the fibromyalgia survey score was significantly associated with a longer duration of symptoms. In a multivariate model adjusting for age and sex, each year since the inciting event was associated with an increase of 0.28 in fibromyalgia survey score (Est 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.46; P = 0.002). The finding was distinct from self-reported spread of CRPS symptoms, which was not different based on time since the inciting event. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the longer the patients have CRPS the more likely they are to report symptoms suggestive of centralized pain. These data may explain why some patients with a longer duration of CRPS do not respond to peripherally directed therapies.
Accent, Juncture, Intonation, and My Grandfather's Reader

(1957). Accent, Juncture, Intonation, and My Grandfather's Reader. WORD: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 234-245.
Engaging in social partnerships: Democratic practices for campus-community partnerships

The best elements of Novella Zett Keith’s Engaging in Social Partnerships: Democratic Practices for Campus-Community Partnerships are deeply insightful, offering powerful ways of conceiving of the role of democratic practitioners and their public work. There are, however, elements that challenge the reader to gain access to, and focus sufficiently, on these insights.
Pyrimidinyl Biphenylureas: Identification of New Lead Compounds as Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB1

The allosteric modulator 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea (PSNCBAM-1, 2) bound the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and antagonized G protein coupling. This compound demonstrated potent anorectic effects similar to the CB1 antagonist rimonabant that once was marketed for the treatment of obesity, suggesting a new chemical entity for the discovery of antiobesity drugs. To increase structural diversity of this class of CB1 ligands, we designed and synthesized two classes of novel analogues, in which the pyridine ring of 2 was replaced by a pyrimidine ring. These positively modulate the binding of the CB1 orthosteric agonist CP55,940 while exhibiting an antagonism of G-protein coupling activity. Interestingly, compounds 7d and 8d demonstrated ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated via β-arrestin unlike the orthosteric CP55,940 that does so in a G protein-dependent manner. These can serve as new lead compounds for the future development of CB1 allosteric modulators that show biased ag...
Beyond Geek Speak: Dedicated Communications Expert is Critical to a Successful Campus IT Shop

A healthy relationship between an IT shop and the campus it serves is like any other, dependent upon frequent, effective and open communication. With it, you're a partner in critical conversations at the highest levels, establishing credibility, shaping decisions and demonstrating value when resources are dwindling. Without it, you risk becoming an anonymous utility, just one of many bills to be paid. At West Virginia University, communication isn't outsourced to the campus PR shop or delegated to a technical expert as one of 15 duties. It's the primary responsibility of a member of the Information Technology Services senior leadership team, a proactive, practical, professional brand ambassador who helps improve visibility and rapport.In three years, ITS has developed: formal communication strategies for both planned and unplanned outages, including a DDoS attack; an outage listserv for IT staff and campus VIPs; an emergency texting messaging service with 200+ subscribers; a working partnership with University Relations; comprehensive strategic communication plans for campus on enterprise IT projects; regular IT updates to the campus; an extensive glossary of acronyms to ensure a common language; strong social media engagement; and compelling infographic messaging. But strong external communication requires internal communication, and at WVU, that meant culture change. Learn how a non-traditional team (a journalist, a graphic designer and a web developer) acquired IT expertise organically, and how they helped shape a workplace where frequent, fearless questioning is valued and where outreach is engaging, personal and producing tangible results.
Prognostic Impact of Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index (PAPi) in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure: Insights From the ESCAPE Trial.

Abstract Background The pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi), defined as the ratio of pulmonary artery pulse pressure to right atrial pressure, emerged as a powerful predictor of right ventricular (RV) failure in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction and those undergoing left ventricular assist device placement; however, its prognostic utility in the advanced heart failure population remains largely unknown. Methods and Results We comparatively analyzed PAPi with traditional indices of RV function including RV stroke work index and right atrial/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio (RAP/PCWP) in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness trial. Median PAPi score was 2.35 in 190 patients. PAPi was significantly associated with clinical (jugular venous distention, ascites, edema), echocardiographic (right atrial size, vena cava size, tricuspid regurgitation velocity), and hemodynamic signs of RV failure (RAP, PCWP); all P Conclusions PAPi serves as a marker of RV dysfunction and strongly predicts adverse clinical events in patients with advanced heart failure. Incorporating PAPi into existing risk models can substantially improve patient selection for advanced therapies and clinical outcomes in this population.
Long-Run Supply

This chapter develops the long-run supply curve for a competitive industry. It begins with the simplest case, in which the industry consists of identical firms whose cost curves are not affected by the number of firms. Next it allows for these identical firms’ costs to be influenced by the number of firms. Then it analyzes the case in which each firm has unique cost curves. Finally, it addresses the implication of allocative efficiency.
Acute NaCl Loading Reveals a Higher Blood Pressure for a Given Serum Sodium Level in African American Compared to Caucasian Adults.

Purpose: Black individuals are more prone to salt-sensitive hypertension than white individuals. Small changes in serum sodium (Na+) result in increased blood pressure (BP). However, it remains unclear if there are racial differences in BP responsiveness to increases in serum Na+. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine if black adults have altered BP responsiveness to acute changes in serum Na+ compared to white adults. Methods: We measured beat-by-beat BP, serum Na+, plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (Ang II), and aldosterone (Aldo) during a 60-minute 3% NaCl infusion (hypertonic saline infusion, HSI) in 39 participants (19 black, age: 23±1, 20 white, age: 25±1). Data reported as black vs. white cohort, Mean ± SEM. Results: Baseline BP and serum Na+ were similar between groups and increased during HSI in both black and white participants (p<0.01). However, the peak change in serum Na+ was greater in black participants (Δ6.01±0.34 vs Δ4.85±0.38 mmol/L, p=0.03). There was a significant group effect (p=0.02) and an interaction between race and serum Na+ on systolic BP (p=0.02). Larger categorical changes in serum Na+ corresponded to changes in systolic BP (p<0.01) and black participants demonstrated greater systolic BP responses for a given categorical serum Na+ increase (p<0.01). Baseline Aldo was lower in black adults (7.2±0.6 vs. 12.0±1.9 ng/dL, p=0.03), there was a trend for lower baseline PRA (0.59±0.9 vs. 1.28±0.34 ng/mL/hour, p=0.07), and baseline Ang II was not different (14.2±1.8 vs. 18.5±1.4 pg/mL, p=0.17). PRA and Aldo decreased during the HSI (p≤0.01), with a greater decline in PRA (Δ-0.31±0.07 vs. Δ-0.85±0.25 ng/mL/hour, p<0.01) and Aldo (Δ-2.5±0.5 vs. Δ-5.0±1.1 ng/dL, p<0.01) in white participants. However, the racial difference in PRA (p=0.57) and Aldo (p=0.59) reduction were no longer significant following baseline covariate analysis. Conclusions: Black individuals demonstrate augmented serum Na+ to an acute hypertonic saline load and greater systolic BP responsiveness to a given serum Na+. The altered BP response may be attributable to lower basal PRA and Aldo and a subsequently blunted RAAS response during the HSI.
lptG contributes to changes in membrane permeability and the emergence of multidrug hypersusceptibility in a cystic fibrosis isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Purpose In the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is exposed to a myriad of antibiotics leading to alterations in antibiotic susceptibility. This study identifies mutations resulting in hypersusceptibility in isogenic mutants of a P. aeruginosa clinical isolate, PA34. Methods PA34 was exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of doripenem or meropenem during growth to mid-log phase. Antibiotic susceptibility of surviving colonies was determined by agar dilution. Two carbapenem-resistant colonies hypersusceptible to non-carbapenem antibiotics were selected for further analysis. Antibiotic resistance gene expression was evaluated by RT-rtPCR and OprD production by SDS-PAGE. PA34 and isogenic mutants were evaluated with whole genome sequencing. Sequence variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and cognate genes in eight carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates hypersusceptible to non-carbapenem antibiotics were sequenced. Lipopolysaccharide preparations of PA34 and hypersusceptible mutants were evaluated with ProQ-Emerald stain. Results Isogenic mutants showed 4- to 8-fold MIC increase for imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem. However, they were hypersusceptible (≥4-fold MIC decrease) to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and non-carbapenem β-lactams. Expression of ampC or mex-opr efflux pumps was unchanged, but OprD production was decreased. Mutations causing Q86H AlgU and G77C LptG amino acid substitutions and nonsense mutations within OprD were observed in both mutants. Lipopolysaccharide modifications were observed between isogenic mutants and PA34. Non-synonymous mutations in LptF or LptG were observed in 6/8 hypersusceptible clinical isolates resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. Conclusion Evaluation of hypersusceptible mutants identified the association between lptG and a hypersusceptible phenotype. Modifications in lipopolysaccharide profiles suggests LptG modification interferes with lipopolysaccharide transport and contributes to hypersusceptibility.
A decade of Science Translational Medicine

In this Editorial, co-Chief Scientific Advisors of Science Translational Medicine, Elazer Edelman and Garret FitzGerald, discuss challenges and opportunities for the next decade of translational research.
Metagenomic Approaches for Detecting Viral Diversity in Water Environments

AbstractMethods for detecting and monitoring known and emerging viral pathogens in the environment are imperative for understanding risk and establishing regulatory standards in environmental and p...
Choosing Choice: How Gender and Religiosity Shape Abortion Attitudes among Latinos

The relationship between religiosity and political attitudes is well established in the United States, particularly around gendered issues like abortion. However, this relationship can be complicated by the highly gendered and racialized nature of social identities. In this paper, we explore how different forms of religiosity (belonging to a denomination, specific religious beliefs, and religious behavior in church and in private) interact with gender to shape Latino abortion preferences. Using two sets of national survey data, we find that Evangelicalism and church attendance are more strongly associated with anti-abortion attitudes among Latino men, while religious beliefs are gender neutral. Our results illustrate the importance of intersectional approaches to studies of social identities and political preferences, as well as the importance of including gender in research on the role of the Evangelical church on immigrant political behavior.
iPad® Video Prompting to Teach Cooking Tasks to Korean American Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder:

In response to the growing necessity for considering the cultural and contextual needs of youth with disabilities in experimental studies, this study examines the effectiveness of an intervention p...
Jewish Foodways and Religious Self-Governance: The Failure of Communal Kashrut Regulation and the Rise of Private Kosher Certification

More products in the typical American supermarket are labeled kosher than are labeled organic, natural, or premium. Generating more than $12 billion in annual retail sales, kosher food is big business. Surprisingly, of the estimated twelve million American kosher consumers — individuals who specifically seek out kosher-certified foods — only 8 percent are religious Jews who eat exclusively kosher food. Most choose kosher food for reasons related to health, food safety, taste, vegetarianism, and lactose intolerance or to satisfy non-Jewish religious requirements such as halal. The popularity of kosher food is part of a more general infiltration of traditional Jewish foodways into American culture, a phenomenon reflected in the successful marketing slogan ‘‘You don’t have to be Jewish to love Levy’s real Jewish Rye.’’Kosher certification has been a medium for influence between Jewish and American culture in both directions. At the same time that kosher certification illustrates the infiltration of traditional Jewish foodways into the American mainstream, the turbulent history of kosher certification in the United States demonstrates how quintessentially American legal and economic institutions have shaped Jewish communal self-governance. Religious liberty and free markets in America undermined the thousand year-old kehilah model of kosher regulation, which was based on state supported centralized communal control over religious standards and economic activity. These same features of American liberalism nurtured the emergence of a highly successful system of private entrepreneurial kosher certification agencies.
Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of Haemophilus somnus and Pasteurella sp bacterins

The role of bacteria in the production of acute bovine respiratory disease (BRD) (shipping fever) has long been recognized. Although numerous bacteria have been isolated from the respiratory tracts of affected cattle, Pasteurella sp. have been considered to be the major bacterial pathogens for many years while Haemophilus somnus has more recently been incriminated as a significant etiologic agent. It has been established beyond any reasonable doubt that Pasteurella multocida and/or Pasteurella hemolytica is an essential component in the etiology of shipping fever and that the advanced clinical signs, characteristic fibrinous pneumonia and death losses are basically due to pasteurellosis.