cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Once Upon a Time in queer fandom

I approach the topic of queer female fandom through the television program Once Upon a Time (2011–) and its femslash fan fiction in order to investigate how fans explore queer scenarios and deal with narrative weaknesses of the canon story line.
Conceptualizing Cross-Border Differences in MNC Apologies as a Strategic Response to Culture

In today’s world a corporate blunder often leads to a swift apology, but what if the blunder happens overseas? A conceptual framework is presented for understanding cross-border differences in the ...
A Statistic’s Five Years: A Story of Teacher Attrition:

The author is one of the almost 50% of beginning U.S. public school teachers who leave the profession within 5 years (Ingersol, 2003; Scherff, 2008). The first year she left teaching, 2012-2013, sh...
Subcortical Local Functional Hyperconnectivity in Cannabis Dependence

Abstract Background Cannabis abuse (CA) has been associated with psychopathology, including negative emotionality and higher risk of psychosis, particularly with early age of initiation. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. Because aberrant dopamine signaling is implicated in cannabis-associated psychopathology, we hypothesized that regular CA would be associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity in dopamine midbrain-striatal circuits. Methods We examined resting-state brain activity of subcortical regions in 441 young adults from the Human Connectome Project, including 30 subjects with CA meeting DSM-IV criteria for dependence and 30 control subjects matched on age, sex, education, body mass index, anxiety, depression, and alcohol and tobacco usage. Results Across all subjects, local functional connectivity density hubs in subcortical regions were most prominent in ventral striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal midbrain, and posterior-ventral brainstem. As hypothesized, subjects with CA showed markedly increased local functional connectivity density relative to control subjects, not only in ventral striatum (where nucleus accumbens is located) and midbrain (where substantia nigra and ventral tegmental nuclei are located) but also in brainstem and lateral thalamus. These effects were observed in the absence of significant differences in subcortical volumes and were most pronounced in individuals who began cannabis use earliest in life and who reported high levels of negative emotionality. Conclusions Together, these findings suggest that chronic CA is associated with changes in resting-state brain function, particularly in dopaminergic nuclei implicated in psychosis but that are also critical for habit formation and reward processing. These results shed light on neurobiological differences that may be relevant to psychopathology associated with cannabis use.
Driving factors behind foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq

With the rise of the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the phenomenon of foreign fighters became a significant security concern. Governments around the world have become preoc...
Kite surfing: epidemiology of trauma

Kite surfing has become an increasingly popular recreational activity worldwide. Thrill seekers can span the water at high speeds and reach great heights risking injury and death. We report the case of a young kite surfer who sustained a fracture dislocation of the right acetabulum that required specialised surgical management. We present this case with a review of the literature outlining the incidence of pelvic and acetabular fractures in the kitesurfing community. Overall, there is a low incidence of pelvic fractures in comparison with other orthopaedic traumas reported among kite surfers, and the most commonly injured sites are the foot and ankle. Emergency departments should be alert to this activity and its associated injury patterns due to its ever-increasing popularity.
Boundary conditions of the effect of customer coproduction: the case of service failure

Research on the relationship between customer coproduction and satisfaction has produced mixed results even after accounting for the role of attribution. This paper extends prior research on bounda...
A Review of Recent Achievements in Analytical Emission Spectroscopy

Reviews are becoming increasingly important as an aid in helping spectroscopists remain abreast of current developments in specialized fields of interest. A totally comprehensive review is no longer feasible and is of questionable desirability. These restrictions necessarily limit the scope of this review to fundamental studies and applications which are new, unique, or extensive.
5-Aminosalicylate Therapy

Aminosalicylates (5-aminosalicylates, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA, mesalamine, mesalazine) are widely used medications as first-line therapy in mild to moderate inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis [1, 2]. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action remains unclear, they appear to have a number of important anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The first drug in this class, sulfasalazine, was originally developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and is a combination of sulfapyridine, a sulfa antibiotic, and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a compound with anti-inflammatory properties. The discovery of the medication’s efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease eventually led to elucidation of its pharmacokinetics [3]. The azo bond in the prodrug is cleaved by bacteria in the colon releasing 5-ASA, which has a topical therapeutic effect in the colon, and sulfapyridine, which is absorbed and contributes to the majority of the side effects associated with the drug. What has followed over the past two decades is the development of delivery systems for 5-ASA that allow release in the distal bowel without the potential confounding side effects of the antibiotic. Numerous clinical trials have supported the efficacy of these medications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Unfortunately there are very few studies in pediatric patients addressing either pharmacokinetic properties or efficacy. Therefore, the gastroenterologist treating children with inflammatory bowel disease must infer best practice from the adult literature [4]. Even in adults, a number of controversies remain in the clinical use of these medications including: the optimum dose and dosing interval for induction and maintenance of remission; the most appropriate preparation given the clinical setting; the overall efficacy in Crohn disease; the efficacy in preventing post-operative recurrence in Crohn disease; chemoprevention for colon cancer; and adherence [5, 6].
Abstract 5131: Obese conditions induce changes in stromal fibroblast phenotype

Background: Over 40% of American women present a BMI ≥30, which is particularly alarming since obesity confers a worse prognosis for both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Although the molecular mechanisms behind this remain unclear, obese conditions have been shown to upregulate certain components of the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) secretome and senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), both directly correlated with tumorigenesis. However, studies have yet to determine whether obesity induces a cohesive SASP or CAF-like phenotype from any one cell type of the breast tumor microenvironment. Because fibroblasts represent the most common breast tumor cell type, it is of particular importance to investigate obesity-induced changes in this cellular compartment and their effects on cancer cell behavior. Methods: Direct effects of obesity were examined by exposing IMR-90 and HCA2 human fibroblasts to media supplemented with 2% sera from obese women and measuring changes in gene and protein expression, while indirect effects were evaluated by exposing the fibroblasts to conditioned media (CM) from obesity-stimulated MCF-7 and T47D cells and assessing changes in expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Breast cancer cells were also exposed to CM from obesity-stimulated fibroblasts and measured for changes in proliferation, survival, motility, and invasion. Results and Conclusions: Obese conditions induced proinflammatory changes in fibroblasts both directly and indirectly and stimulated changes in the paracrine signaling between fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. These data contribute to the growing evidence implicating obesity in the promotion of breast cancer progression. Additionally, these findings provide a new line of research to develop potential therapeutic targets to improve outcome. Citation Format: Brittany Harlow, Albert Davalos, Andrew Brenner, Christopher Jolly, Stephen Hursting, Linda deGraffenried. Obese conditions induce changes in stromal fibroblast phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5131.
After-Hours Work Connectivity: Technological Antecedents and Implications

Background: Knowledge workers have become “technologically-tethered,” increasingly using mobile and communication technologies to engage in work during nonwork or “after-hours” personal time. Literature review: Research has identified several individual- and organizational-level predictors of this after-hours technology-enabled work behavior and its primarily negative consequences. However, little is known regarding the behavior's potential benefits or the ways in which it is affected by technology characteristics. Research questions: 1. How do technology characteristics affect after-hours work connectivity? 2. How does after-hours technology use affect work–life balance? Methodology: We test our hypotheses with a survey-based research design involving 312 knowledge workers, and analyze our data with covariance-based structural equation modeling. Results: After-hours work connectivity increases when the technology affords lower levels of immediacy and greater levels of concurrency, rehearsability, and reprocessability. A post-hoc analysis reveals that workers who might be expected to have low levels of after-hours work connectivity—such as those who have children at home or whose employers have a high segmentation norm—have higher levels of after-hours connectivity than their counterparts when the technology has high concurrency. We also find support for a curvilinear (inverted-U shaped) relationship between after-hours technology use and work–life balance. Conclusion: Individuals are amenable to interweaving technology-enabled work with nonwork tasks when the technology facilitates asynchronous and user-controlled interactions. Furthermore, this interweaving has a positive impact on work–life balance, up to a point. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.
Electroluminescence Analysis For Separation of Series Resistance From Recombination Effects in Silicon Solar Cells with Interdigitated Back Contact Design

Electroluminescence (EL) is used to separate series resistance (Rs) from junction recombination effects in interdigitated back contact (IBC) Si solar cells. We applied iterative techniques using EL images at different injection bias to derive spatial maps of Rs and dark saturation current density (J0) in two devices with different processing. Higher Rs regions were around emitter strips while higher J0 regions were around base strips, some regions showed both effects. Mean values of Rs and J0 from EL agreed very well with lumped values from dark IV diode analysis with mean Rs and J0 values of 0.5 Ohms-cm2, 5.3*10-9A/cm2,1.1 Ohms-cm2 and 4*10-10A/cm2 for both cells respectively.
Hybridization between sympatric hammerhead sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean.

Hybridization between closely related species has been documented across a wide range of taxa but has not been well studied in elasmobranchs. Hammerhead sharks have drawn global conservation concer...
Hybrid Robotic Reinforcement Learning for Inspection/Correction Tasks

Abstract The ability to rapidly program robots for complex tasks is an important precursor to wider adoption of robotics in industry. Robot programming is often time consuming and brittle to unanticipated variations in processing. Automated robot task learning is a solution to this problem. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a commonly used approach for a robot to autonomously learn simple tasks. In RL, rewards are used to guide the robot towards learning an optimal plan or control policy. RL, however, has proven to be of limited value for problems with large-state spaces and considerable environmental variability. In this paper, we investigate formulation of the RL approach for inspect/correct types of tasks, specifically a misplaced block in a simple grid-world environment (requiring searching the gird world to identify a missing block and returning the missing block back to the target). We use a hybrid method, combining the SARSA algorithm and a model of the environment. The model of the environment is used as a reference model to reduce the state space, avoiding unnecessary exploration of the environment. A main focus of this research is the impact of task variability on RL performance.
Combined Simulation Method of Multi-source Automatic Generation Control

The interaction between ultra-high voltage (UHV) AC and DC transmission terminals is becoming closer and closer, and the impact of faults on the operation of power grid is changing from local to global. High power loss due to UHV DC blocking has serious impact on safe operation of the receiving system, yet the system frequency can fast recover by using multi-area automatic generation control (AGC). Based on the whole power grid model of testing platform, the external multi-area AGC system is simulated in this paper. Then a combined simulation system is formed by the simulated AGC system. The combined simulation system covers the whole power grid, which can improve the accuracy of active power response.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Receptors with InterfacialHydrogen Bonds for Peptide Recognition in Water

Protein receptors bind their peptide ligands by a combination of hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions to achieve high affinity and selectivity. Construction of synthetic receptors for peptides by the same principle, however, is challenging because of the complexity of the guest molecules and subtle structural differences among closely related sequences. Molecular imprinting of peptides in surface–core doubly-cross-linked micelles yielded hydrophobic pockets complementary to the hydrophobic side chains of peptides. Amide-functionalized bis­(acrylamide) cross-linkers such as N,N′-methylene­bis­(acrylamide) (MBAm) used in the core cross-linking installed a layer of hydrogen bonds at the surfactant/water interface and was found to enhance the molecular recognition of peptides in water, particularly hydrophilic ones rich in polar residues. An extremely strong imprinting effect was obtained, with the imprinted/nonimprinted ratio ranging from 3000 to 10000 for model tripeptides. These hydrogen bonds allowed distinction of closely related peptide sequences and enabled a general, simple, one-pot preparation of highly selective receptors for binding complex hydrophilic peptides with <200 nM affinity in aqueous buffer.
From bit player to key mechanism: the role of sleep in exercise.

Citation:McCrae CS, Curtis AF. From bit player to key mechanism: the role of sleep in exercise. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(suppl_1):19S–20S.
The Suppressive Impacts of Voter Identification Requirements

Political observers argue that the United States is in a contemporary era of voter suppression. We study one mechanism that may limit voter participation, the requirement to show identification doc...
Examining Behavioral Manifestations of Split Alliances in Four Couple Therapy Sessions

We designed this theory-building study to discover how split alliances are manifested in couple therapy. From an archival database, we selected four cases in which the partners’ self-reported allia...
Effects of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment on Sound-Level and Speech Production Errors in Individuals With Aphasia and Acquired Apraxia of Speech

Purpose This retrospective pilot study investigated whether sound-level and speech production errors decreased in confrontation naming following Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) for four participants with acquired apraxia of speech (A-AOS) and aphasia for whom lexical retrieval was previously reported. Specifically, we investigated a potential increase in correct number of syllables per word and posttreatment changes across three domains of speech: segmental production, fluency, and prosody. It was hypothesized that treatment shown to increase lexical retrieval in persons with aphasia and A-AOS could potentially facilitate a reduction in sound-level and speech production errors consistent with dual diagnoses of A-AOS and aphasia. Method Naming responses from four participants with aphasia and A-AOS who previously participated in VNeST studies were investigated for correct number of syllables per word and measures of segmental speech, fluency, and prosody. Results Significant gains in at least one measure of speech production were reported for three of the participants. One participant demonstrated decreased segmental speech errors, two showed significant reduction on syllable segmentation, and two demonstrated a significant reduction on false starts and pauses. Significant gains in production of correct number of syllables were limited to one participant, and one participant did not demonstrate increased accuracy on any measure of speech production. Conclusions While speech production errors consistent with motor speech impairment cannot always be definitively distinguished from the confound of aphasia, two participants produced significantly decreased segmentation of syllables, a characteristic unique to A-AOS. The sound-level and speech production changes recorded may be attributed to a combination of interacting motor and language processes and resource allocation. In addition, specific components of VNeST may have contributed to speech production changes. Future work will focus on a prospective study of effects of language therapy (e.g., VNeST) on measures of speech production with investigation beyond the single-word level.
The Creative Neurons

Creativity generates novel solutions to tasks by processing information. Imagination and mental representations are part of the creative process; we can mull over ideas of our own making, and construct algorithms or scenarios from them. Social scenario-building can be viewed as a human cognitive ‘super-power’ that involves abstraction, meta-representation, time-travel, and directed imaginative thought. We humans have a ‘theater in our minds’ to play out a near-infinite array of social strategies and contingencies. Here we propose an integrative model (Tinbergen, 1963) for why and how humans evolved extraordinary creative abilities. We posit that a key aspect of hominin evolution involved relatively open and fluid social relationships among communities, enabled by a unique extended family structure similar to that of contemporary hunter-gatherer band societies (Walker et al, 2011). Intercommunity relationships facilitated the rapid flow of information – “Culture” – that underpinned arms-races in information processing, language, imagination, and creativity that distinguishes humans from other species.
Electrical simulation and analysis of large complex electrical systems

Circuit modelling and simulations of large, complex electrical systems presents obstacles related to issues such as circuit partitioning, model validation, consistency, speed, and model management. This paper presents the methodology and processes used by a group at Sandia National Laboratories to resolve these issues in their effort to develop a circuit level simulation model for a large-scale electrical system using the PSPICE schematics hierarchical-based circuit simulator.
Symbiotic Potential, Competitiveness, and Serological Properties of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Indigenous to Korean Soils.

The symbiotic potential of Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolates indigenous to seven Korean soils was evaluated by inoculating soybeans with 10- and 1,000-fold-diluted soil suspensions (whole-soil inocula). At both levels, significant differences in the symbiotic potential of the indigenous B. japonicum isolates were demonstrated. The relationship between rhizobial numbers in the whole-soil inocula (x) and nitrogen fixation parameters (y) was best predicted by a straight line (y = a + bx) when the numbers in the inocula were 100 to 10,000 ml-1, while the power curve (y = axb) predicted the variation when the numbers were 1 to 100 ml-1. Thirty isolates from three soils showed wide differences in effectiveness (measured as milligrams of shoot N per plant), and several were of equal or greater effectiveness than reference strain B. japonicum USDA 110 on soybean cultivars Clark and Jangbaekkong. On both of the soybean cultivars grown in a Hawaiian mollisol, the Korean B. japonicum isolate YCK 213 and USDA 110 were of equal effectiveness; USDA 110 was the superior strain in colonization (nodule occupancy). Korean isolates YCK 117 and YCK 141 were superior colonizers compared with USDA 110. However, B. japonicum USDA 123 was the superior colonizer compared with isolates YCK 213, YCK 141, and YCK 117. In an immunoblot analysis of 97 indigenous Korean isolates of B. japonicum, 41% fell into the USDA 110 and USDA 123 serogroups. Serogroups USDA 110 and USDA 123 were represented in six of the seven soils examined. In one Korean soil, 100% of the B. japonicum isolates reacted only with antisera of YCK 117, an isolate from the same soil.
6.2 /spl Aring/ In/sub 0.2/Al/sub 0.8/Sb/InAs/sub 0.7/Sb/sub 0.3/ HEMTs for low voltage high-frequency applications

The paper presents the performance of In/sub 0.2/Al/sub 0.8/Sb/InAs/sub 0.7/Sb/sub 0.3/ HEMTs that are fabricated for the first time in a uniform alloy of InAs/sub 0.7/Sb/sub 0.3/ as the channel layer with adjacent In/sub 0.2/Al/sub 0.8/Sb barrier layers, with a lattice constant of 6.2/spl Aring/. The paper also presents the cross-sectional view of the material structure used in the fabrication process, X-ray analysis spectrum of the material structure, diffraction peaks of the layers, drain characteristics of HEMT and gate transfer characteristics as a function of gate bias. The addition of Sb to the InAs channel offers the possibility of improvement in low-voltage high-frequency applications.
Access and Aggregation: Privacy, Public Records, and the Constitution

In this article, Professor Solove develops a theory to reconcile the tension between transparency and privacy in the context of public records. Federal and state governments maintain public records containing personal information spanning an individual's life from birth to death. The web of state and federal regulation that governs the accessibility of these records generally creates a default rule in open access to information. Solove contends that the ready availability of public records creates a significant problem for privacy because various bits of information when aggregated paint a detailed portrait of a person's life that Solove refers to as a digital biography. A growing number of private sector organizations assemble these digital biographies, which are used in a number of disturbing ways that are not in line with the purposes of freedom of information laws. To combat this problem, Solove argues, commercial access and use restrictions must be imposed on public record systems, and a federal baseline of protection must be established. Information privacy must be reconceptualized to abandon the secrecy paradigm, the longstanding notion that there is no claim to privacy when information appears in a public record. Privacy must be understood as an expectation of a limit on the degree of accessibility of information. Engaging in an extensive analysis of the applicability of the Constitution to public record systems, Solove contends that attempts to limit the use and accessibility of public records do not run afoul of the First Amendment rights to access government information and to freedom of speech and press. Therefore, viewed in light of Solove's theory of information privacy, the regulation of public record regimes must be substantially rethought.
Catalyst deactivation: How we cannot yet subvert nature

This paper in many ways presents the author's 35 year encounter with catalyst deactivation in various forms and disguises. It is a combination of personal experience with historical development and scientific progression. Overall developments are surveyed, and in a way how they impacted one worker in the field. Old results are reported in an historical context, but some new ones are also given. There are some lessons: o 1) It is impossible to understand catalyst deactivation without knowing the chemistry of the reactions and the catalysts involved. 2) It is impossible to understand catalyst deactivation without knowing something about the interactions of reaction and mass transport kinetics. 3) It is impossible to understand catalyst deactivation without knowing something about chemical reaction and chemical reactor dynamics. Number 3) above renders us into the uncomfortable realm of unsteady-state phenomena—we must realize that this is quite long-term as well as short-lived.
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates Statin-Induced Restoration of Vasa Nervorum and Reversal of Diabetic Neuropathy

Background— Peripheral neuropathy is a frequent and major complication of diabetes. Methods and Results— Severe peripheral neuropathy developed in type II diabetic mice, characterized by significant slowing of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities. Rosuvastatin restored nerve vascularity, including vessel size, and nerve function also recovered to the levels of nondiabetic mice. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in sciatic nerves was reduced in diabetic mice but was preserved by rosuvastatin. Coadministration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with rosuvastatin attenuated the beneficial effects of rosuvastatin on nerve function and limited the recovery of vasa nervorum and nerve function. In vitro, rosuvastatin inhibited downregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression induced by high-glucose conditions in cultured Schwann cells. Furthermore, Akt phosphorylation in Schwann cells, downregulated by high-glucose conditions, was also restored by rosuvastatin, consistent with the c...
Novel Copper-Tartrate Coordination Compounds

Abstract Using the thermometric enthalpy titration methodology, the hexa-ligand species CuT6 [where T represents the tartrate ion and charges are omitted] has been shown to exist even in dilute tartrate solutions. Kinetic considerations suggest a radical difference between CuT3 CuT2 and the more highly coordinated species CuT3, CuT4, CuT5 and CuT6. It is evident that the hydroxyl groups on the tartrate ion are singularly important contributers to this effect
Integration of urban growth modelling products with image-based urban change analysis

Urban change detection using remotely sensed data has been extensively studied. One current application of detection products is the formulation of calibration data for urban change prediction models. As multi-temporal scenes become available and urban growth prediction models increase in popularity and accuracy, it is natural to envisage a bi-directional relationship where, in addition to detection products assisting prediction models, the prediction information acts as ancillary input to enhance spectral-based change detection products. This closed feedback loop has the potential to significantly increase the accuracy of both detection and prediction efforts. Consequently, our objective is to evaluate the integration of prediction information with spectral data for urban change monitoring. A case study was carried out in the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area. Probabilities of urban change generated from two existing urban prediction models based on decision trees and logistic regression are combined as additional information content with a Landsat Thematic Mapper TM scene. Detailed assessments at the pixel and block scales are implemented to evaluate urban change classification accuracy using different input data and training sample sizes. Results show that in pixel-based assessments, the fusion of decision tree change probabilities and TM spectral bands with sufficient training samples leads to improvements. In terms of overall accuracies, the improvement is 2.0–2.4%, from 87.3% spectral-only model and 87.7% prediction probability model to 89.7% for the fused model. Similarly, the corresponding kappa coefficients show increases of 0.07–0.08, from 0.60 for the spectral model and 0.61 for the urban prediction model to 0.68 for the fused model. Accuracies aggregated at the block scale present an approximate 2.1–4.3% increase when the fusion-based model is employed compared with the exclusive use of either spectral or prediction probability data, namely 87.6% fused vs 83.4% spectral and 85.7% prediction. It is also important to state that the standard deviation of accuracies between blocks is significantly reduced by more than 3% 11.5% vs 14.9% and 14.7%, suggesting higher consistency in classification performance. This is a desirable attribute for subsequent use of these products, for example by the urban planning community. Statistical tests at the block scale also demonstrate that such improvements are significant. It is also observed that to receive the integration benefits, the remote sensing classifier needs a large but reasonable training data set size, while the prediction model should be based on advanced modelling methods. Further assessments on block accuracy with respect to urbanization conditions i.e. urban presence and change sizes indicate the ability of the fusion to address spectral limitations, especially in blocks with high relative change. These initial results encourage the expansion of spectral/prediction data fusion to other sites, modelling techniques, and input data.
Initial experience with a new compression device for hemostasis after femoral arterial puncture.

We evaluated a new hemostasis device to maintain focused pressure over the femoral artery puncture site for 2–6 hours in 330 cases after diagnostic catheterization or coronary angio-plasty. No patient developed later hematoma or vascular complications. The initial favorable experience suggests that this hemostasis device has advantageous features of stability and site visualization and is a suitable adjunct to current methods of maintaining puncture site pressure after brief manual compression following arterial catheterization. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of platelet lysate on colony formation of human breast cancer cells.

The effect of platelet lysate on the growth of human breast cancer cells was studied in the two-layer soft agar culture system. Lysate was prepared from frozen-thawed outdated human platelets. Eighteen to 446 colonies (mean: 85) grew from 50 of 57 tumors plated at a density of 5 × 105 cells/plate, yielding control plating efficiencies from 0.004–0.089. The viability of the cells plated ranged from 10–80%. All tumors were also plated with 200µg/ml platelet lysate. Significant enhancement of colony formation (CF) (p<0.025) appeared in 26 of the 57 tumors tested. The number of colonies grown from these 26 tumors ranged from 36–580 (mean: 152). The extent of enhancement varied from 1.25–3.19. Significant suppression of CF (p<0.025) appeared in 6 of the 57 tumors. The extent of the suppression varied from 0.35–0.67. Platelet lysate induced no change in CF in the 7 tumors that failed to form colonies in control plates. There was no relationship between tumor cell viability and either the number of colonies appearing in control plates or the response of CF to platelet lysate. By contrast, there was a significant correlation (p<0.005) between viability and the extent of enhancement of CF by lysate. Concentrations of lysate varying from 50–400µg/ml did not yield a consistent dose-related increase in CF. The results indicate that platelet lysate significantly enhances colony formation from a substantial percentage of human breast tumors.
Photosynthetic responses to a climate‐warming manipulation for contrasting meadow species in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA

1. Microclimate was measured and photosynthetic responses to a climate warming manipulation were compared for the evergreen shrub Artemisia tridentata and the herbaceous forb Erigeron speciosus in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. 2. Soil was warmer and drier under infra-red heaters compared with control plots. 3. Midday xylem pressure potential did not differ for A. tridentata on heated vs control plots but was lower for E. speciosus on heated plots compared with controls. Leaf temperatures did not vary for the two species on heated or control plots. 4. There were no significant treatment or species differences in the diurnal patterns of CO2 assimilation or stomatal conductance to water vapour. Also, there were no differences in responses to leaf temperature. 5. The quantum yield for CO2 assimilation over a range of PPFD was lower for plants on heated plots. There was a marked difference between species in the pattern of stomatal conductance to water vapour over a range of PPFD, but no differences as a result of the heating treatment. 6. The quantum efficiency of PSII electron transport was significantly affected by heating. Non-radiative energy dissipation was greater for A. tridentata compared with E. speciosus. There was recovery of FV/FM for A. tridentata but not for E. speciosus. 7. Heating appears to affect plants via changes in soil water content rather than by increasing leaf temperature. The deciduous species E. speciosus appears to undergo some permanent closure of PSII on heated plots, in contrast to the evergreen shrub A. tridentata. Such differences may help explain the increase in above-ground biomass accumulation in response to heating for shrubs, compared with the decrease observed for deciduous herbaceous species.
Pattern of presynaptic nerve activity can determine the type of neurotransmitter regulating a postsynaptic event

The mammalian superior cervical ganglion has been the classical preparation for studying cholinergic transmission between neurones1–3. Recently, however, evidence has been presented showing that, in addition to the postsynaptic changes mediated via nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, there is a non-cholinergic component to transmission in this ganglion4,5, as in frog paravertebral ganglia6,7. In the rabbit superior cervical ganglion, Ashe and Libet recorded a late, slow excitatory postsynaptic potential in response to preganglionic nerve stimulation in the presence of nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists4. We have found, in the rat superior cervical ganglion, that a postsynaptic biochemical consequence of preganglionic nerve stimulation, namely the acute activation of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH; EC 1.14.16.2), is mediated in part by acetylcholine and in part by a non-cholinergic neurotransmitter5. The regulation of this enzyme activity is of particular interest because it catalyses the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the postganglionic neurotransmitter, noradrenaline. In the present paper, we report that the relative importance of cholinergic and non-cholinergic transmission in the regulation of TH activity varies with the pattern of electrical stimulation of the preganglionic nerve trunk.
Using Hidden Markov Models to enable performance awareness and noise variance estimation for energy detection in cognitive radio

Cognitive Radio (CR) systems are expected to enable dynamic access to the frequency spectrum in future generations of wireless communication systems by allowing unlicensed secondary users (SU) to access licensed spectrum that is not actively used by licensed primary users (PU). Due to its simplicity, energy detection is a main approach to identify spectrum opportunities in CR systems. However, the performance of energy-based spectrum sensing depends on accurate estimation of the noise energy which is required to determine the optimal sensing threshold that implies desired values for the probabilities of detection and false alarm. In this paper we study the use of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to describe the output of energy detectors used for spectrum sensing in CR systems, and we present a novel approach that enables performance awareness and noise variance estimation for the energy detector. The proposed approach uses the values of the probabilities of detection and false alarm estimated from the HMM output to determine when the detector performance degrades due to changes in noise variance and to estimate the new variance value. Numerical results obtained from simulations are presented to illustrate application of the proposed approach.
Commercial Sub-markets in Suburban Cuyahoga County, Ohio

In this study, auditor appraisal real property tax data are aggregated and used to identify high and low intensities of commercial activities in census tracts. Then, the tracts are cross-classified by standard occupation classification (SOCs) categories. A discriminant analysis is performed to test whether differences actually exist in tract intensities based on the SOCs. The discriminant function correctly classified 80.0 per cent of the low- and 68.2 per cent of the high-intensity cases. An analysis of SOC percentage distributions in Cleveland, the suburban commercial sub-markets and the balance of the county reveals that jobs are more highly concentrated in the county than in the city. An index of specialisation shows that sub-markets are highly specialised in 10 of 21 SOCs, while an index of entropy shows that the sub-markets are relatively identical in occupational structure. Lastly, a multivariate analysis of variance is performed comparing the sub-markets, firm and housing characteristics, and the ...
Use of the pocketbook mussel,Lampsilis ventricosa, for monitoring heavy metal pollution in an Ozark stream

Missouri has been recognized for lead production since the early 1800's and has been the primary producer of lead for the US since 1902. Huge piles of coarse to finely ground dolomitic residue (tailings) occur throughout the Old Lead Belt. Tailings contain relatively high concentrations of heavy metals and have resulted in the contamination of stream ecosystems. In 1977 a dam on the abandoned Desloge tailings pond in the Old Lead Belt ruptured and an estimated 90,000 cubic meters of tailings entered Big River. Erosion of tailings into Big River continue from this site as well as from other tailings piles in the region. The objective of this study was to determine which tailings ponds were the major sources of heavy metals in Big River by using caged pocketbook mussels (Lampsilis ventricosa C. Barnes 1823). The pocketbook mussel was selected for this study because it occurs throughout the Big River drainage basin, and it is large, and relatively unaffected by handling and confinement for extended periods of time.
Three crises facing sexology

Three crises facing sexology are described: what is happening with sexuality in the culture, what is happening with sexuality in academia, and what is happening with sexuality in medicine. In each case, the response of sexology has been benign neglect, disinterest, and a failure to understand the profound implications of these challenges for a field that considers itself the premiere source of accurate facts and comprehensive theories about sexuality. As a consequence we are losing control of our subject matter, and we are losing our professional legitimacy. A wake-up call is offered for sexologists to become more knowledgeable, for our paradigms and organizations to become more inclusive, and for our research methods to become more sophisticated.
A low temperature luminiscence study of the colored merocyanine form of substituted 6-nitrobenzo-spiropyrans

Abstract The emission spectra of colored merocyanine forms of substituted 6-nitrobenzospiropyrans (1-4)were studied at 77 K. The merocyanine form obtained by UV irradiation of a solution of spiropyrans at room temperature is a dynamic equilibrium mixture of stable trans forms. The merocyanine form obtained by UV irradiation of the same solution at 77 K is a short- lived intermediate. The assignment of this short-lived intermediate to the trans-cis-cis (TCC) form is based on MM2 calculations. This TCC intermediate was also observed during the visible light irradiation of the hydrochloric acid salt form of 1 (5) prepared at 197 K.
Physician clinical management strategies and reasoning: a cross-sectional survey using clinical vignettes of eight common medical admissions

Physicians often select clinical management strategies not strongly supported by evidence or guidelines. Our objective was to examine the likelihood of selecting, and rationale for pursuing, clinical management strategies with more or less guideline support among physicians using clinical vignettes of eight common medical admissions. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using clinical vignettes of attending physicians and housestaff at one internal medicine program in New York City. Each clinical vignette included a brief clinical scenario and a varying number of clinical management strategies: diagnostic tests, consultations, and treatments, some of which had strong evidence or guideline support (Level 1 strategies) while others had limited evidence or guideline support (Level 3 strategies). Likelihood of selecting a given management strategy was assessed using Likert scales and multiple response options were used to indicate rationale(s) for selections. Our sample included 79 physicians; 68 (86%) were younger than 40 years of age, 34 (43%) were female. There were 31 attending physicians (39%) and 48 housestaff (61%) and 39 (49%) had or planned to have primarily primary care internal medicine clinical responsibilities. Overall, physicians were more likely to select Level 1 strategies “always” or “most of the time” when compared with Level 3 strategies (82% vs. 43%; p < 0.001), with wide variation across the eight medical admissions. There were no differences between attending and housestaff physician likelihood of selecting Level 3 strategies (47% vs. 45%, p = 0.36). Supportive evidence and local practice patterns were the two most common rationales behind selections; supportive evidence was cited as the most common rationale for selecting Level 1 when compared with Level 3 strategies (63% versus 30%; p < 0.001), whereas ruling out other severe conditions was cited most often for Level 3 strategies. For eight common medical admissions, physicians selected more than 80% of management strategies with strong evidence or guideline support, but also selected more than 40% of strategies for which there was limited evidence or guideline support. The promotion of evidence-based care, including the avoidance of care that is not strongly supported by evidence or guidelines, may require better evidence dissemination and educational outreach to physicians.
Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Summer/Fall 2014

This Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walt Whitman Quarterly Review by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact lib-ir@uiowa.edu. Recommended Citation Folsom, Ed. "Walt Whitman: A Current Bibliography, Summer/Fall 2014." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 32 (2014), 98-106.
Reservation-Based Packet Bufferswith Deterministic Packet Departures

High-performance routers need to temporarily store a large number of packets in response to congestion. DRAM is typically needed to implement large packet buffers, but the worst-case random access latencies of DRAM devices are too slow to match the bandwidth requirements of high-performance routers. Existing DRAM-based architectures for supporting linespeed queue operations can be classified into two categories: prefetching-based and randomization-based. They are all based on interleaving memory accesses across multiple parallel DRAM banks for achieving higher memory bandwidths, but they differ in their packet placement and memory operation scheduling mechanisms. In this paper, we describe novel reservation-based packet buffer architectures with interleaved memories that take advantage of the known packet departure times to achieve simplicity and determinism. The number of interleaved DRAM banks required to implement the proposed packet buffer architectures is independent of the number of logical queues, yet the proposed architectures can achieve the performance of an SRAM implementation. Our reservation-based solutions are scalable to growing packet storage requirements in routers while matching increasing line rates.
Two-Dimensional TLC Analysis of Ginsenosides from Root of Dwarf Ginseng (Panax trifolius L.) Araliaceae

A procedure is reported for the two-dimensional TLC separation of ginsenosides from the root of Panax trifolius L. The solvent systems and spray reagents described are useful for the identification of ginsenosides in various species of Panax. The results of the separation and identification with controls of at leas four ginsenosides from the root of P. trifolius L. are reported. The total percentage of ginsenosides was 0.0061%.
Isolation and single crystal study of [Nb2(μ-OMe)2(OiPr)8]. Can alcohol interchange provide the homoleptic niobium isopropoxide?

Niobium isopropoxide, Nb(OiPr)5, is an attractive precursor of simple and complex niobium oxides in sol-gel technology. This compound cannot, unfortunately, be obtained by alcohol interchange starting from linear chain homologues such as Nb(OMe)5 or Nb(OEt)5. The equilibrium in the latter reaction favours formation of mixed-ligand complexes, [Nb2(OR)2(OiPr)8], R = Me, Et. In particular, [Nb2(OMe)2(OPri)8] (1) has been isolated in high yield from repeated treatment of Nb2(OMe)10 with excess of isopropanol. The X-ray single crystal study reveals a dinuclear structure containing a pair of edge-sharing octahedra with methoxide ligands in the bridging position. Infrared (IR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) studies confirmed the incomplete ligand substitution. The 1H-NMR spectra suggest equilibrium between different molecular forms in solution. Solvothermal interaction of 1 with La chips in toluene/isopropanol media results in formation of a mixture of LaNb2(OiPr)13 and La2Nb4(μ4−O)4(OH)2(μ−OiPr)8(OiPr)8 (2).
Orbit properties of the Isochronous Cyclotron Ring with radial sectors

Abstract The isochronous cyclotron considered here consists of a ring of radial magnet sectors separated by straight sections. The general features of such cyclotrons are discussed, and a complete analysis is presented of their orbit properties using the hard-edge approximation. This analysis proceeds through the transfer matrix technique, which is simplified by the symmetry of the magnet structure; the only complication arises from the inconstancy of the magnetic field index resulting from the isochronism condition. Computed orbit properties are presented and discussed for a wide variety of possible geometries; these properties include the extreme values of the beam widths, as well as the focusing frequencies, as a function of the energy. Problems associated with certain resonances are also considered. The results indicate that isochronous cyclotrons of this type should be quite capable of producing proton beams at energies up to about 500 MeV.