cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduction of nitrosobenzenes and N-hydroxylanilines by Fe(II) species: elucidation of the reaction mechanism.

Although there has been a substantial effort toward understanding the reduction of nitroaromatics in Fe(II)-treated ferric oxide systems, little has been done to gain insight into the factors controlling the transformation of their reaction intermediates, nitrosobenzenes and N-hydroxylanilines, in such systems. Nitrosobenzenes, the first intermediates, were reduced by Fe(II) solutions as well as by Fe(II)-treated goethite suspensions at pH 6.6. Experimental observations indicate a reactivity trend in which the presence of electron-withdrawing groups in the para position increased the rate of reduction of the nitrosobenzenes. N-Hydroxylanilines, the second intermediates, were reduced in Fe(II)-treated goethite suspensions but were not reduced by Fe(II)aq. Their reactivity trend indicates that electron-withdrawing groups in the para position decreased their rate of reduction. The bond dissociation enthalpy of the N−O linkage was the most useful molecular descriptor for predicting the rates of reduction of N...
Argon laser and trichiasis: a helpful tip.

Editor,—Trichiasis is a posterior misdirection of eyelashes. Owing to constant corneal irritation it can give rise to discomfort, recurrent infection, corneal ulceration, and pannus formation. Several modalities of treatment exist which include epilation, electrolysis, cryotherapy, and argon laser thermoablation.1 ,2 Argon laser offers the advantage …
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Standoff Detection of Explosive Residues

Recent advances in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) such as double pulse LIBS and advanced chemometric analysis have enabled discrimination between explosive and non-explosive residues on various surfaces at standoff distances.
Technique of Single-Particle Charge Measurement

Research and development in diverse fields of scientific and engineering interest often require a knowledge of the electric charge on a single macroscopic particle. The methods which have been developed for the determination of particle charge include electric and magnetic field deflection techniques, current measurements, and direct sensing by induced charge effects. Several methods are discussed, and experimental results are given for two of these methods. Charge magnitudes to about 10-17 C are of interest in these studies.
HIV+ Men and Women Show Different Performance Patterns on Procedural Learning Tasks

The literature suggests that nondeclarative, or nonconscious, learning might be impaired among HIV-seropositive (HIV+) individuals compared with HIV-seronegative (HIV–) matched control groups, but these studies have included relatively few women. We administered measures of motor skill and probabilistic learning, tasks with a nondeclarative or procedural learning component that are dependent on integrity of prefrontal-striatal systems, to well-matched groups of 148 men and 65 women with a history of substance dependence that included 45 men and 30 women seropositive for HIV. All participants were abstinent at testing. Compared to HIV– women, HIV+ women performed significantly more poorly on both tasks, but HIV+ men's performance did not differ significantly from that of HIV– men on either task. These different patterns of performance indicate that features of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) cannot always be generalized from men to women. Additional studies are needed to address directly the ...
Flow injection chemiluminescence study of acridinium ester stability and kinetics of decomposition

Abstract Decomposition of phenyl acridinium-9-carboxylate is monitored using electrogenerated chemiluminescence in a flow system. The formation of the pseudobase from the acridinium ester [AE] is described by rate = k'1[AE] + k''1[AE][OH-]0.5, where k'1 = 0.020 +/- 0.006 s-1 and k''1 = 2.1 +/- 0.8 (L/mol)-0.5 s-1. Irreversible decomposition of the pseudobase is described by rate = k'2[AE][OH-], where k'2 = 20.1 +/- 3.8 (L/mol s). These kinetic equations, plus measurement of variation in emission intensity for constant acridinium ester concentration, are used to predict the resulting emission intensity v. pH behaviour given various contact times (in the 0.25 to 25 s range) for the acridinium ester to be in an alkaline solution prior to initiation of the chemiluminescence reaction.
Ultimatums in two-person bargaining with one-sided uncertainty: Demand games

Abstract The demand game is a noncooperative two-person ultimatum game with one-sided uncertainty in which the Sender knows the value of the shared surplus (pie) but the Receiver only knows its probability distribution (Mitzkewitz and Nagel, 1993). We study experimentally the effects of systematic changes in the variability of the pie distribution on the Sender's proposals and Receiver's (binary) responses. In accordance with a behavioral theory that we propose, we find that 1. (i) the Sender's proportional share of the pie increases as the Receiver's uncertainty about the pie increases, and 2. (ii) for a given pie distribution, the Sender's proportional share decreases as the actual pie size increases.
The ARA Islas Orcadas marine geology coring program: a research bibliography

The final phase of operation of the US National Science Foundation research vessel, USNS Eltanin , was under the terms of an agreement between agencies of the governments of the US and the Republic of Argentina. Renamed ARA Islas Orcadas and operated by the Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service, the ship collected more than 2100 m of sediment cores and other specimens from the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean over a five-year period. These materials were shipped to Florida State University for processing and description, and from them have been distributed more than 27,000 samples to investigators worldwide. This article incorporates a bibliography covering all publications we have identified referring to results of analyses or other research based on samples from sediments collected by the Islas Orcadas programme.
The α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan, but not the serotonin-2A receptor antagonist M100907, partially attenuated reward deficits associated with nicotine, but not amphetamine, withdrawal in rats

Based on phenomenological similarities between anhedonia (reward deficits) associated with drug withdrawal and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, we showed previously that the atypical antipsychotic clozapine attenuated reward deficits associated with psychostimulant withdrawal. Antagonism of alpha(2) adrenergic and 5-HT(2A) receptors may contribute to these effects of clozapine. We investigated here whether blockade of alpha(2) or 5-HT(2A) receptors by idazoxan and M100907, respectively, would reverse anhedonic aspects of psychostimulant withdrawal. Idazoxan treatment facilitated recovery from spontaneous nicotine, but not amphetamine, withdrawal by attenuating reward deficits and increase the number of somatic signs. Thus, alpha(2) adrenoceptor blockade may have beneficial effects against nicotine withdrawal and may be involved in the effects of clozapine previously observed. M100907 worsened the anhedonia associated with nicotine and amphetamine withdrawal, suggesting that monotherapy with M100907 may exacerbate the expression of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia or nicotine withdrawal symptoms in people, including schizophrenia patients, attempting to quit smoking.
Determining 3-D object pose using the complex extended Gaussian image

A method based on the extended Gaussian image (EGI) which can be used to determine the pose of a 3-D object is presented. In this scheme, the weight associated with each outward surface normal is a complex weight. The normal distance of the surface from the predefined origin is encoded as the phase of the weight, while the magnitude of the weight is the visible area of the surface. This approach decouples the orientation and translation determination into two distinct least-squares problems. Experiments involving synthetic data of two polyhedral and two smooth objects as well as real range data of the same smooth objects indicate the feasibility of this method. >
Effects of River Discharge, Wind Stress, and Slope Eddies on Circulation and the Satellite-Observed Structure of the Mississippi River Plume

Abstract Satellite measurements of suspended sediment, temperature, and chlorophyll α are used in combination with surface current measurements to investigate surface circulation and structure of the Mississippi River plume. River discharge changes affect frontal locations, areal extent, and suspended sediment loads of the plume. During high river discharge (>20,000 m3 s−1) in spring, the sediment plume extends 23 km southwestward, covers 2700 km2, with maximum concentrations of 360 mg L−1. Plume temperatures vary seasonally from 10° to 28°C, with maximum surface fronts of 3.3°C km−1 in winter. East winds, prevalent in autumn, winter, and spring, drive a westward flow of river waters around the delta, linking two isolated shelf regions and increasing river discharge onto the Louisiana/Texas shelf. During peak river flow, this westward current exhibits velocities of 40–90 cm s−1, is 20 km wide, and transports 140,000–165,000 m3 s−1 of river and shelf water. It usually turns toward the coast between 89.5° W...
Contentious Hotspots: Ecotourism and the Restructuring of Place at the Biosphere Reserve Ria Celestun (Yucatan, Mexico)

Tourism mobilities, conservation, and development planning are central social processes in the restructuring of places. This paper will argue that this is especially manifest in Biosphere Reserves where global agendas are spatially articulated through the creation of ‘contentious hotspots’ or ‘heated spots’, that is, sites within the local in which global mobilities are condensed and constantly at play through the performance of disruptive practices. The paper draws evidence from the ethnographical account of two disputes at the Biosphere Reserve Ria Celestun (Yucatan, Mexico) where tourism mobilities and conservation planning have established the ria and the beach as those contentious hotspots where mobilities are concentrated, space and resources are appropriated, and locals and institutions fight to stay still.
Adherence to dietary recommendations in the special intervention group in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial

This chapter presents findings on adherence to the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial eating pattern by special intervention participants, on the basis of measures other than the 24-h dietary recall and blood cholesterol concentrations. These additional assessments included subjective ratings by a nutritionist, used during follow-up years 1 and 2, and a food record rating that was calculated from a 3-d food record, used during years 3-6. An additional tool used during the latter part of the trial was a checklist for evaluating degree of shortfall of the participant's diet from recommendations, level of motivation toward adherence, and factors in the social environment potentially influencing dietary behavior. Subjective ratings and food record ratings indicated that approximately 40-65% of participants were good or excellent adherers, with declines in these percentages over time. There were consistent strong relations between these ratings and change in serum cholesterol. Checklist evaluations gave similar overall findings, with about one-half to three-quarters of participants rated positively on infrequency of deviation from the eating pattern, motivation, and conducive environment. Several baseline traits predicted adherence. Adherence was better in older participants, in white than in black men, in nondrinkers, in those with fewer stressful life events, in those eating away from home less often, in less overweight men (although heavier participants exhibited greater changes in serum cholesterol, perhaps reflecting their poorer baseline diets), in those with higher serum cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure, and in nonsmokers.
The N-CoR complex enables chromatin remodeler SNF2H to enhance repression by thyroid hormone receptor

Unliganded thyroid hormone receptor (TR) actively represses transcription via the nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR)/histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) complex. Although transcriptional activation by liganded receptors involves chromatin remodeling, the role of ATP-dependent remodeling in receptor-mediated repression is unknown. Here we report that SNF2H, the mammalian ISWI chromatin remodeling ATPase, is critical for repression of a genomically integrated, TR-regulated reporter gene. N-CoR and HDAC3 are both required for recruitment of SNF2H to the repressed gene. SNF2H does not interact directly with the N-CoR/HDAC3 complex, but binds to unacetylated histone H4 tails, suggesting that deacetylase activity of the corepressor complex is critical to SNF2H function. Indeed, HDAC3 as well as SNF2H are required for nucleosomal organization on the TR target gene. Consistent with these findings, reduction of SNF2H induces expression of an endogenous TR-regulated gene, dio1, in liver cells. Thus, although not apparent from studies of transiently transfected reporter genes, gene repression by TR involves the targeting of chromatin remodeling factors to repressed genes by the HDAC activity of nuclear receptor corepressors.
POLITICS IS ABOUT THE GRIEVANCE

Poetry is about the grief; politics is about the grievance.—Robert FrostThe ruling passion in man is … a gregarious instinct to keep together by minding each others' business.—Robert Frost
Hyponatremia in congestive heart failure: Implications for neurohumoral activation and responses to orthostasis

To study the relationship between serum Na concentration and impairment of homeostatic mechanisms in advanced congestive heart failure (CHF), we evaluated the status of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin system, and regional visceral blood flow in 26 patients with this syndrome. Compared with normal subjects, hyponatremic patients had marked stimulation of PRA (P = 0.012), norepinephrine (P less than 0.001), and epinephrine (P less than 0.001) with severe impairment of renal (P less than 0.001) and hepatic (P less than 0.003) plasma flows. In contrast, normonatremic patients, with an apparently similar degree of CHF, demonstrated less pronounced abnormalities in all of these parameters. Moreover, the responses of neurohormones and regional blood flow to orthostatic stress were greatly attenuated in the hyponatremic patients, whereas, the normonatremic subjects had more normal responses. We conclude that serum Na concentration serves as a useful index of activation of the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin system, and impairment of regional perfusion in patients with advanced CHF.
The Emancipation of the Flesh: The Legacy of Romanticism in the Homosexual Rights Movement

The nineteenth-century German homosexual rights movement adopted the rhetoric of the “emancipation of the flesh,” which had its roots in Romanticism. Friedrich Schlegel’s Lucinde (1799) promoted the emancipation of the flesh by calling for a strong female sexuality that would help overcome the tyranny of the conventional bourgeois family. Karl Gutzkow’s controversial novel Wally (1835) harked back to Schlegel as it championed the emancipation of Jews as well as women. Heinrich Hossli, author of Eros, the two-volume apology for male-male love that appeared in 1836 and 1838, clearly read the journals in which the controversies about Wally played out. He and subsequent activists in the homosexual rights movement, particularly Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, drew on these radical Romantic calls for sexual emancipation.
Obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma can be complicated by obstructive jaundice with tumor growing into the extrahepatic bile duct. This complication is an autopsy finding in most reported cases and, rarely, is recognized ante mortem. We report two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who presented initially with obstructive jaundice. Clotted blood and tumor, which caused bile duct obstruction, was removed operatively and the biliary tract was drained in both patients. We conclude that 1) blood clot and fleshy debris removed from the common bile duct at operation for obstructive jaundice suggests the possibility of hepatocellular carcinoma; 2) the differential diagnosis of jaundice and fever in patients known to have hepatocellular carcinoma should include intrabiliary tumor causing obstruction and cholangitis; and 3) the association of obstructive jaundice and hepatocellular carcinoma may occur more often than previously recognized.
Erratum: Welfare impacts of the 1996 United States Canada Softwood Lumber (trade) Agreement

Note: Values are in millions of 1997 U.S. dollars. This change in Canadian producer surplus only accounts for Canadian exports to the U.S. market and does not cover Canadian domestic and other foreign markets for Canadian softwood lumber. In theory, the SLA should reduce softwood lumber prices in the two (domestic and other foreign) markets, which in turn lower producer surplus (and raises the amount of consumer surplus) in these markets. Since the primary focus of this paper is on U.S. market, we merely point out that a full welfare analysis for Canadian producers must include all three markets. Thus, the net Canadian producer surplus, including all three markets, should be lower than what we have estimated in this paper. At one extreme, Canadian producers could experience a net decrease in well-being as result of decrease in price and output of their softwood lumber in their own domestic and other exporting markets, even they are better off in the U.S. market with the SLA. Although this extreme scenario is not likely to be true because the U.S. market (accounts for 65% Canadian production) is the largest of the three markets for Canadian softwood lumber, a further study could clarify this issue. This number is calculated based on data in Table 1. Other producer surplus is the gain of Canadian exporters in provinces that are not covered by the SLA and of exporters from other countries that supply softwood lumber in the U.S. market. Table 5. Estimated welfare impacts for the first 4 years under SLA.
Analysis of linear time-varying systems and bilinear systems via Fourier series

A method for finding an approximate solution of linear time-varying systems and bilinear systems via Fourier series is proposed. Properties of Fourier series are first briefly presented and the operational matrix for integration together with the product operational matrix are utilized to reduce the dynamical equation of a linear time-varying system (or bilinear system) to a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are also given.
Quitting smoking before and after varenicline: a population study based on two representative samples of US smokers

Background Varenicline is known to have greater efficacy than other pharmacotherapy for treating nicotine dependence and has gained popularity since its introduction in 2006. This study examines if adding varenicline to existing pharmacotherapies increased the population cessation rate. Methods Data are from two cross-sectional US Current Population Surveys—Tobacco Use Supplements (2003 and 2010–2011). Smokers and recent quitters 18 or older (N=34 869 in 2003, N=27 751 in 2010–2011) were asked if they had used varenicline, bupropion or nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) in their most recent quit attempt. The annual cessation rate, as well as the per cent of smokers who had quit for ≥3 months, was compared between surveys. Results Varenicline use increased from 0% in 2003 to 10.9% in 2010–2011, while use of bupropion decreased from 9.1% to 3.5%, and NRT from 24.5% to 22.4%. Use of any pharmacotherapy increased by 2.4 percentage points. Varenicline users stayed on cessation aids longer and were less likely to relapse than users of other pharmacotherapies in the first 3 months of a quit attempt, after which the difference was no longer significant. The change in annual cessation rate was negligible, from 4.5% in 2003 to 4.7% in 2010–2011 (p=0.36). Conclusions Addition of varenicline to the list of approved cessation aids has mainly led to displacement of other therapies. As a result, there was no meaningful change in population cessation rate despite a remarkable increase in varenicline use. The population impact of a new therapy is a function of more than efficacy or reach of the therapy.
Quasi Rail-to-Rail Very Low-Voltage OPAMP With a Single pMOS Input Differential Pair

In this brief, a quasi-rail-to-rail low-voltage operational amplifier (VDD-VSS-VDSATP-VDSATN ) is introduced. A common-mode adapter that uses the common-mode voltage present at the common-source node of the available differential pair to accommodate the large common-mode input signal is proposed. The common-mode adapter operates properly at 300 kHz while driving a load capacitor of 15 pF and employs only 95 muW of static power. The amplifier was fabricated in a standard AMI 0.5-mum CMOS process (Vtn=0.7 V and Vtp=-0.9 V) and achieves an IM3 of - 48 dB at 300 kHz for a two-tone input signal of 0.8 Vpk-pk. A 1-V total supply voltage was used
The Effects of Community Policing on Complaints Against Officers

Between 1982 and 1989, the Houston Police Department was committed toforming partnerships with the community as part of its strategy to improvepolice service to the city. Using complaint data from the Internal AffairsDivisions of the Houston Police Department, this research examines whetherofficers assigned to areas of the city that implemented community policinghave fewer complaints than other officers. The results showed that officersworking in areas where community policing had been implemented receivedsignificantly fewer complaints than officers working in other areas. Anexception was complaints for criminal behavior, which increased. The resultssuggest that models of community policing that focus on creating communitypartnerships have the potential to reduce tension between the police and thepublic.
Public Health Lessons: Practicing and Teaching Public Health

The following four cases represent events that actually occurred at the local, statewide, national, and international levels. A general, succinct overview is provided of each case with references listed should the reader want to access additional resource materials. The concise format of these cases is intended to generate questions. Following the general overview of each case, I examine the lessons learned from the practitioner and educator perspective and I list the skills necessary to address the issues in the case. The reader will note that there are skills that are essential for the public health practitioner to master, whether one is in an internship, entry-level position, or the director of a public health organization and so these skills are consistently listed. I encourage the reader to regularly keep abreast of the news locally and abroad and to set aside time before a staff meeting or supervisory group meeting, or use the first few minutes of a class to discuss these issues. Ask your workforce or students, “Are we ready to handle such an event if it were to occur here?”; “What resources would we need to have accessible?”; “Have we partnered with the correct agencies in the community?”; “Do we have an established, trusted presence in the community?”; “Who else do we need on our team?”; “Do we need training in a specialty area, e.g., emergency preparedness?”; “What skills have we mastered and what skills do we need to obtain?” The discussion-based questions are endless but one runs the risk of not being prepared, either individually, or in their agency, should they not discuss how public health events are occurring around us daily. I encourage you to adapt these selected cases to use in your organization and/or classroom. Discussing these issues and reviewing the lessons learned will only help us to be better prepared public health practitioners and educators of public health students.
Surviving Trepanation: Approaching the Relationship of Violence and the Care of “War Wounds” Through a Case Study from Prehistoric Peru

The political instability that characterizes the early Late Intermediate Period (ca. AD 1000–1250) in Andean prehistory had widespread impacts on how people lived, ranging from changes in settlement patterns to an increase in skeletal trauma and infectious disease. This chapter explores the social experiences of violence and its implications for healthcare, primarily through the analysis of a notable case study: a young male from Andahuaylas, Peru, whose skeleton evinces fractures, post-traumatic impaired mobility, and multiple healed trepanations. Trepanation is a clear indicator of medical intervention, but is still just one step in the larger process of care and recovery. By explicitly defining trepanation as a form of care, we can use Tilley’s bioarchaeology of care framework to reconstruct the logic of healing. Furthermore, we can theorize care for traumatic injuries, which are not necessarily life threatening, and address the accommodations afflicted individuals would need to convalesce and survive in a high-altitude fortified settlement. Results demonstrate the underlying role violence played in generating novel healthcare practices and reifying new social categories in the ancient Andes. Ultimately, a care-based perspective enhances bioarchaeological studies of warfare by illuminating details of the physical effects of interpersonal violence and the social organization required to manage them.
Characteristics of Trace Ions Released from Embedded Metal Implants in the Rabbit

Vitallium, 316 stainless steel, incoloy, A-286 stainless steel, aluminum 2024-T3, titanium, zirconium, and puromi were embedded in the skeletal muscles of albino rabbits—one alloy to any one animal. Spectrographic analyses of the trace-metal concentration of the surrounding muscle, spleen, lung, liver, kidney, and control muscle were done. The spleen was found to be the most active site of trace-ion storage, the other organs tending to get rid of an early increase in concentration. Cobalt and nickel were the most active ions in terms of their presence in these organs.
Students' Academic Freedom: An Oxymoron?

Academic freedom has been identified as a concern of the First Amendment. While it is not clear whether this is a separate constitutional right, it is clear that the academic freedom of educators and institutions is firmly embedded in First Amendment jurisprudence. The article explores the dimensions of academic freedom for students as it has been recognized by the courts. Specifically, the article is concerned with instances in which student’s expression of ideas clashes with faculty and institutional interests. This can occur in instances of censorship of student press. In doing so, the article traces the historical development of academic freedom by the Supreme Court and the litigation that has crafted its contours.
Deinococci class. nov.

Dei.no.coc' ci. M.L. fem. pl. n. Deinococcales type order of the class; dropping the ending to denote a class; M.L. fem. pl. n. Deinococci the class of Deinococcales. “Deinococcus-Thermus” / Deinococci Keywords: Deinococci class. nov.; Deinococcales; Deinococcus-Thermus
Phenobarbital in the genetically obese Zucker rat. II. In vivo and in vitro assessments of microsomal enzyme induction.

In vivo and in vitro alterations in drug metabolism and the extent of enzyme induction of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system were evaluated in obese and lean Zucker and lean Sprague-Dawley rats. Phenobarbital enzyme-inducing regimens were administered p.o. to achieve similar steady-state phenobarbital plasma concentrations. Control rats received p.o. placebo solution. No significant intra- or inter-strain differences in antipyrine clearance (milliliters per hour) or apparent volume of distribution (liters) were observed between the placebo-treated lean Sprague-Dawley, lean Zucker and obese Zucker rats. Intra- and inter-strain differences in hepatic microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 content were observed. Compared to placebo, antipyrine clearance (milliliters per hour) after chronic phenobarbital pretreatment was increased in the Sprague-Dawley (198%) and lean Zucker rats (131%), but not significantly altered in the obese Zucker rats. Similarly, increases in hepatic weight, whole liver microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 content were also observed in the Sprague-Dawley (34, 124 and 352%, respectively) and the lean Zucker rats (24, 96 and 249%, respectively). However, no significant alterations in these parameters were observed in the obese Zucker rats after phenobarbital treatment. Results from these in vivo and in vitro studies implicate alterations in drug metabolism and genetic differences in cytochrome P-450 content in Zucker rats relative to the Sprague-Dawley strain. Obese Zucker rats failed to exhibit a significant induction response after phenobarbital pretreatment.
Succinylcholine-induced contractures in skeletal muscles of newborn cat.

SummaryIntravenous succinylcholine produces generalized, prolonged contractures in newborn cats prior to 10th-12th postnatal day. This sensitivity of immature muscles to succinylcholine is not related to detectable deficits in their functional innervation.
Associations between Religiosity, Spirituality, and Happiness among Adults Living with Neurological Illness

The study examined the associations between religiosity, spirituality, and happiness in 354 outpatients suffering from neurological disorders. After accounting for severity of cognitive decline, physical activity level, depression severity, and demographic variables (i.e., subject age, sex, ethnicity, and marital status) multivariate linear regression revealed a unique association between the Spiritual Well-Being Existential Spirituality scale (SWBS ES), and not the SWBS Religious Scale (SWBS RS), with both the Pemberton Remembered Happiness Index (PHI R) (p < 0.001), and the Pemberton Experienced Happiness Index (PHI E) (p < 0.001). Interventions focused on existential spirituality may improve health related quality of life among adult medical patients with neurological illness.
E.T. Net for health science education.

E.T.Net electronic conferencing offers biocommunicators opportunities to link with others involved with interactive technology in health sciences education, development, implementation, evaluation, and research. Conferences, or asynchronous message areas, include: AVLINE, CAI, shareware, hardware, digital images, UMLS User, NUCARE, and general. E.T.Net may be accessed, free of charge to users, via Internet, SprintNet, and DATAPAC in the U.S. and in many other countries.
Nucleic acid binding properties of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1. II. Co-operativity and specificity of binding site II.

Abstract The following properties characterize the interaction of nucleic acid binding site II of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 with oligo- and polyribonucleotides; all have been determined with site I complexed with oligo- or polydeoxyribonucleotides. (1) The intrinsic binding constant (K) of site II to single-stranded polyribonucleotides is fairly independent of base composition, though cytidinecontaining polymers bind with approximately threefold higher intrinsic affinities than do the comparable adenine-containing species. (2) Poly(rC) is bound to site II co-operatively; the co-operativity parameter (ω) ⋍ 31. Poly(rA) shows no binding co-operativity. The site size (n) for both polyribonucleotides binding at site II is about ten nucleotide residues. (3) The K value for site II is ⋍ 4 × 105 m −1 for poly(rA), and ⋍ 1 × 106 m −1 for poly(rC), in 0.12 m -Na+. Unlike site I, the binding affinity of site II increases somewhat with increasing salt concentration, suggesting that phosphate—basic protein residue contacts are not involved. (4) Varying Mg2 + concentration has no effect on K, and changes in the concentration of either Mg2+ or Na+ do not affect the magnitude of site II co-operativity. (5) Reaction of the exocyclic amino groups of poly (rC) with formaldehyde drastically reduces the affinity of site II for this polynucleotide, while the affinity of poly (rC) for site I is not altered by this treatment. (6) No major sequence specificity of K for site II is found with either homogeneous polynucleotides or the 3′ terminal dodecanucleotide of 16 S ribosomal RNA; we conclude that selectivity of S1 binding via site II depends largely on the presence or absence of base compositiondependent binding co-operativity. The binding properties of site II probably account for the ability of S1 to inhibit translation at high S1 to ribosome ratios (“factor i” activity). Possible mechanisms for the role of S1 protein as a part of the phage Qβ replicase complex and in protein synthesis are discussed in relation to the binding properties of site I and site II.
Behavior of Cholesterol and Catalysts in Supercritical Water

Cholesterol reacted over 5 wt % Pt/C, 5 wt % Pd/C, and HZSM-5 in supercritical water at 400 °C. The major products with the Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts are cholesterol-derived steroids, polynuclear aromatic compounds, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and gases (H2, CH4, and C2H6), resulting from hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and cracking reactions. HZSM-5 favored initial dehydration of cholesterol to form cholesta-3,5-diene and then catalyzed further isomerization and cracking reactions. The presence of H2 had little or no effect, except when the catalyst was absent, in which case added H2 led to higher cholestadiene yields and lower cholesterol conversion. Increasing the catalyst loading resulted in higher yields of lower molecular weight products but also significantly lower carbon recoveries. Characterization of the Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts showed carbon support gasification and particle growth after exposure to supercritical water.
The myonuclear domain is not maintained in skeletal muscle during either atrophy or programmed cell death

Skeletal muscle mass can increase during hypertrophy or decline dramatically in response to normal or pathological signals that trigger atrophy. Many reports have documented that the number of nucl...
Electron Capture Dissociation Produces Many More Protein Backbone Cleavages Than Collisional and IR Excitation

Capture of free, low energy ( 10 kDa, and proteins >20 kDa only undergo multiple reduction steps without apparent fragmentation.
Why it’s not OK for doctors to participate in executions

A plea for direct physician participation in executions is presented by Sandeep Jauhar in a New York Times Op-Ed (“ Why It’s OK for Doctors to Participate in Executions ”—April 21, 2017). Jauhar’s article is not a discussion of the ethics of capital punishment. He describes his own opposition “as a matter of principle, as a doctor.” However, since capital punishment is legal in 31 states, with required physician participation in several, he acquiesces to a utilitarian stance rather than the principled approach he acknowledges is expected of a physician in this circumstance.
An integrated approach to managing extended supply chain networks

Abstract In an effort to improve their competitive position in a rapidly changing marketplace, many companies have replaced their traditional supply chains with extended supply chain networks built on a foundation of supply chain collaboration. These extended networks require the use of decision support tools and technologies to improve both operating efficiencies and customer service, but many companies have struggled to realize the expected benefits of these tools and the increased collaboration. This article recommends that companies adopt an integrated strategy of people, processes, and technology to achieve their competitive supply chain goals. Our recommendation is backed by the results of a survey we conducted of senior-level practitioners concerning the importance and challenges of supply chain collaboration. The article concludes with a set of managerial recommendations to improve a company’s collaborative efforts within its supply chain.
Contemporary higher education reform in Ecuador: Implications for faculty recruitment, hiring, and retention

Currently, there is a shortage of research on how Ecuadorian universities are coping with the contemporary reforms of higher education under the government of Correa. In 2010, La Ley Organica de Educacion Superior (higher education law) defined the development, transparency and quality assurance of existing and new higher education institutions. This case study describes the challenges administrators have in recruiting, hiring, and retaining faculty in an environment where both fiscal and human resources are limited. The research reflects the current complexity of the higher education environment in Ecuador under contemporary reforms and creates a space for the discussion on the unique perspectives of administrators from both private and public institutions.
A new diversity estimator

The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of Gini-Simpson’s diversity index (GS) is widely used but suffers from large bias when the number of species is large or infinite. We propose a new estimator of the GS index and show its unbiasedness. Asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established when the number of species in the population is finite and known, finite but unknown, and infinite. Simulations demonstrate advantages of our estimator over the MLE, and a real example for the extinction of dinosaurs endorses the use of our approach. Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) codes is 60E05, which refers to distributions: general theory.
Academic Librarianship Today . Todd Gilman, ed. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. 248p. Paper, $55.00 (ISBN 978-1-4422-7875-2).

Todd Gilman has put together a first-rate book on the issues facing academic libraries and librarians today. Moreover, he has selected a genuine who’s-who of thinkers and practitioners, each of whom is uniquely able to provide a critical perspective on the fifteen topics included in the book. While some collections of essays are uneven, this volume provides consistently excellent pieces on difficult and complex matters. Each essay is concise, but it is by no means cursory. The volume begins with a superior historical sketch by Deanna Marcum, who definitely has the depth of perspective to offer a thoroughgoing synopsis of the recent past. To augment the history, Marcum connects the past to the present. Barbara Dewey follows with an overview of governance, describing the external and internal intricacies that make up the structural elements of colleges and universities. The scope of inclusion—from state and federal influences all the way to the roles of institutional general counsels and alumni affairs—is extremely difficult to locate elsewhere.
Optical gradients in a-Si:H thin films detected using real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry with virtual interface analysis

Abstract Virtual interface analysis (VIA) is applied to real time spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements taken during the growth of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films using various hydrogen dilutions of precursor gases and on different substrates during plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A procedure is developed for optimizing VIA model configurations by adjusting sampling depth into the film and the analyzed spectral range such that model fits with the lowest possible error function are achieved. The optimal VIA configurations are found to be different depending on hydrogen dilution, substrate composition, and instantaneous film thickness. A depth profile in the optical properties of the films is then extracted that results from a variation in an optical absorption broadening parameter in a parametric a-Si:H model as a function of film thickness during deposition. Previously identified relationships are used linking this broadening parameter to the overall shape of the optical properties. This parameter is observed to converge after about 2000–3000 A of accumulated thickness in all layers, implying that similar order in the a-Si:H network can be reached after sufficient thicknesses. In the early stages of growth, however, significant variations in broadening resulting from substrate- and processing-induced order are detected and tracked as a function of bulk layer thickness yielding an optical property depth profile in the final film. The best results are achieved with the simplest film-on-substrate structures while limitations are identified in cases where films have been deposited on more complex substrate structures.
Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Disorders Associated with Alcoholism

The occurrence of peripheral neuropathy is common in patients with chronic alcoholism (ethyl alcohol) and has been observed for many years (Lettsom, 1780; Jackson, 1822). Initially it was most frequently described in women (Jackson, 1822; Gowers, 1899), but subsequent reports indicate that it is as common (Victor and Adams, 1953) or even more common in men (Merritt, 1955; Mawdsley and Mayer, 1965). In the early reports, several clinical types were described, depending on which peripheral nerves were most involved (sensory or motor) and the disorder was related directly to the toxic effect of alcohol (Jackson, 1822; Dreschfeld, 1886). Subsequent observers related “alcoholic neuritis” to beriberi. With the knowledge that beriberi was a nutritional disorder, Shattuck (1928) related the polyneuropathy to vitamin B deficiency. Strauss (1935) provided additional information that the neuropathy in chronic alcoholism was not due to a neurotoxic effect of alcohol since ten such patients who consumed their daily supply of whiskey improved in the hospital on treatment consisting of a balanced diet and vitamins. Since then most authors have considered alcoholic polyneuropathy to be a nutritional deficiency disease (Victor and Adams, 1961). These patients invariably have a history of poor dietary intake and frequently show systemic evidence of nutritional deficiency. Many of these patients have other signs associated with chronic alcoholism and nutritional deficiency such as cirrhosis of the liver, anemia, Wernicke’s encephalopathy (Phillips et al., 1952), and amblyopia (Victor et al., 1960). However, the exact mechanism by which nutritional-vitamin deficiency produces the neuropathy in chronic alcoholism has not been determined.
Spatial patterns of urban sex trafficking

Abstract Purpose This study examines the extent of spatial concentration of sex trafficking within an urban setting. The influence of situational and socio-demographic neighborhood variables on such patterns is then investigated within the framework of crime opportunity and social disorganization theories. Methods Kernel density estimation and spatial clustering tests are used to analyze the distribution of sex trafficking offenses recorded between 2013 and 2015 in Austin, Texas. Negative binomial regression models are then estimated to examine the influence of situational and neighborhood variables on sex trafficking, using the census block group as the unit of analysis. Results The analyses reveal a significant geographic clustering of sex trafficking offenses that is positively associated with proximity to the interstate highway, the number of cheaper hotels/motels and sexually oriented businesses, and concentrated disadvantage. Other variables (distance from the local truck stop, residential instability, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity) were not significantly associated with sex trafficking. Conclusions These findings are largely consistent with criminological theories that emphasize the physical and social environment in facilitating crime. An understanding of the situational and neighborhood factors driving these spatial concentrations can inform intervention efforts by law enforcement and other agencies aimed at disrupting the underlying support structure of sex trafficking.
Headspace In-Tube Microextraction and GC-ICP-MS Determination of Mercury Species in Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Characterization of mercury contamination in petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) is necessary in order to assess the risk of corrosion of the processing infrastructure and to assess the level of human exposure to Hg-containing substances. Here we present an accurate and sensitive method for determination of Hg species in PHs by headspace sampling with a possibility of on-line pre-concentration using in-tube extraction (ITEX) combined with gas chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICP-MS) analysis. Mercury species were first extracted from the PHs matrix into an aqueous phase via dithizone chelation and subsequently converted with sodium tetrapropyl borate into volatile derivatives which could be sampled from the headspace prior to GC-ICP-MS analysis. For concentrations in the ng kg–1 range, the on-line ITEX method was applied, whereas the μg kg–1 range was accessible by static headspace. Quantitation of Hg species was carried out by a double isotope dilution method, with quantitative re...
Future Developments in His Bundle Pacing

Because there has been a significant push toward His bundle pacing (HBP), multiple studies and advancements are underway to provide new and improved delivery tools and lead designs, allowing one to apply this technology in daily practice. A better understanding of the pacing configurations and ultimately development of dedicated algorithms will alleviate some of these aforementioned challenges. Ultimately, with such technological advances and mounting clinical evidence, one can surely anticipate HBP to revolutionize the field of cardiac pacing.
Reconstituting Nuclear and Chromosome Dynamics Using Xenopus Extracts

Extracts prepared from the eggs of frogs, particularly Xenopus species, have provided critical material for seminal studies of nuclear and chromosome dynamics over several decades. Their usefulness for these types of analyses lies in several important characteristics: stockpiled nuclear components, absence of endogenous DNA, and intact and functioning signaling networks. These factors have allowed detailed molecular analyses of many aspects of chromosome biology, including DNA replication, checkpoint signaling, epigenetic control, and chromosome condensation, cohesion, and segregation. In this introduction, the preparation and application of Xenopus egg extracts for the study of chromosomes and chromatin are described in detail.