cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface Layer Turbulence Measurements during a Frontal Passage

Abstract Very little is known about the nature of turbulence in the transition zone of a synoptic-scale cold front, especially at the dissipative scales. Lacking this knowledge, accurate models of surface frontogenesis are compromised. To address this problem, high-frequency measurements from sonic and hot-wire anemometers are used to analyze the finescale turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) within a cold front observed in the MICROFRONTS field experiment. To quantify the turbulence in the front, velocity spectra and dissipation rates are calculated as functions of time and stability in the ASL. The normalized first and second moments of the one-dimensional velocity spectrum conform to the scaling suggested by Kolmogorov's equilibrium hypotheses, even during the intense turbulence associated with the frontal passage. The spectra compare well with other data collected at high Reλ in the ASL, but not as well with a recent model of the dissipative range of turbulence. Dissipation rate ϵ is calc...
Neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with duct-independent systemic blood flow

We describe a newborn who had echocardiogaphic features of severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and duct-dependent systemic blood flow. Blood flow to the upper body could be maintained only by prostaglandin El, as in the case of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Forward flow was gradually established from the left ventricle, and the patient weaned from prostaglandin El. Although the patient's mother had poorly controlled diabetes, the patient at 24 months of age shows residual but lessened ventricular hypertrophy and increased cavity size.
HLA-derived Peptides which Inhibit T Cell Function Bind to Members of the Heat-Shock Protein 70 Family

Synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences of HLA class I molecules have inhibitory effects on T cell function. The peptides investigated in this study have sequences corresponding to the relatively conserved region of the alpha 1 helix of HLA class I molecules that overlaps the "public epitope" Bw4/Bw6. These HLA-derived peptides exhibit inhibitory effects on T lymphocytes and have beneficial effects on the survival of allogenic organ transplants in mice and rats. Peptides corresponding to the Bw4a epitope appear most potent as they inhibit the differentiation of T cell precursors into mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and target cell lysis by established CTL lines and clones. To elucidate the mechanism through which these peptides mediate their inhibitory effect on T lymphocytes, peptide binding proteins were isolated from T cell lysates. We show that the inhibitory Bw4a peptide binds two members of the heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 family, constitutively expressed HSC70 and heat-inducible HSP70. Peptide binding to HSC/HSP70 is sequence specific and follows the rules defined by the HSC70 binding motif. Most intriguing, however, is the strict correlation of peptide binding to HSC/HSP70 and the functional effects such that only inhibitory peptides bind to HSC70 and HSP70 whereas noninhibitory peptides do not bind. This correlation suggests that small molecular weight HLA-derived peptides may modulate T cell responses by directly interacting with HSPs. In contrast to numerous reports of HSP70 expression at the surface of antigen-presenting cells and some tumor cells, we find no evidence that HSC/HSP70 are expressed at the surface of the affected T cells. Therefore, we believe that the peptides' immunodulatory effects are not mediated through a signaling event initiated by interaction of peptide with surface HSP, but favor a model similar to the action of other immunomodulatory compounds, FK506 and cyclosporin A, with a role for HSC/HSP70 similar to that for immunophilins, FKBPs and CyP40.
Using minimal communication to improve decentralized conflict resolution for non-holonomic vehicles

This work considers the problem of decentralized coordination between multiple non-holonomic vehicles, each navigating to a specified goal. By augmenting the Generalized Roundabout Policy (GRP), which guarantees collision avoidance, this paper improves the performance and liveness characteristics for such problems. These gains are achieved by integrating a second hybrid policy with GRP that updates the desired direction for each vehicle based on a dynamic priority scheme. In this scheme, minimalistic communication between vehicles is employed, such that information is periodically exchanged when changes in the high-level operating mode or prioritization occur. This information exchange is taking place only locally and data are exchanged only between neighboring vehicles. Additionally, each agent selects a control using only this local information and rules established by the two underlying hybrid automata. The proposed technique scales well due to its decentralized nature and as the computational complexity depends on the maximum number of vehicles in communication range for a vehicle. This paper presents simulations which show that the proposed approach can solve problems faster than using GRP alone, as well as solve instances in which GRP fails to find a solution, with minimal communication and computational overhead.
Availability, usage and expected contribution of potential nursery habitats for the California halibut

Over the last several decades, human alterations have greatly changed the face of the California coastal zone, including the widespread loss of estuaries. The California halibut, Paralichthys californicus, is an ecologically and economically important finfish, and is known to depend upon inshore waters for nursery grounds. However, it remains poorly understood as to which specific habitat types (open coast, enclosed bays and estuaries, small lagoons) are most important as productive nursery grounds. In light of continued coastal change, information is needed on the relative importance of nursery habitat types for the proper implementation of marine reserves designed to protect the halibut. The contribution of nursery habitat types will be determined using trace element analysis of California halibut otoliths (ear bones). These elements can be viewed as signatures that serve as a record of the environmental conditions experienced by fish over time and which differ across habitat types. Also, statistical analysis of long term CalCOFI data will be analyzed to examine how changes of coastal habitat types over time have affected the larval abundances and distributions of the halibut. To determine the level of connectivity between halibut populations, stable isotope analysis of otolith material (which varies with temperature and indicates latitudinal position over time) will be employed as well as molecular tools. A matrix model, that includes life-history information on halibut from specific habitats, will be created. With sensitivity analysis, this model will describe how halibut standing stocks are affected by coastal habitat alteration. Additionally, a patch isolation model will be employed to examine the effects of disturbance on halibut metapopulations (why connectivity data is needed). This study will identify key nursery habitat for juvenile California halibut and reveal the sensitivity of halibut standing stocks to perturbations of coastal habitat types. Also, this study will be one of few to incorporate microconstituent analysis, molecular tools, and modeling in order to more fully understand population structure and dynamics within a species.
Chromophore assisted laser inactivation of cellular proteins

A molecular understanding of biology requires that we establish the in situ functions of the proteins in cellular processes. To address this, we developed chromophore- assisted laser inactivation (CALI) for probing the in vivo function of proteins. CALI inactivates specific proteins in living cells by using non-blocking antibodies conjugated with malachite green (MG) dye. MG absorbs 620 nm laser light (which is not absorbed by cells) to generate short lived free radicals with limited range of oxidative damage (15 angstroms) around the dye. This inactivates the bound protein without significantly affecting its neighbors. CALI has been applied to 40 proteins and achieved specific inactivation in almost all those tested. We have developed micro-CALI which uses a focused laser beam (10 micrometers ) to acutely inactivate specific proteins within cells. We have used this to address the molecular mechanisms of neuronal growth cone motility and has implicated a diversity of proteins (e.g. molecular motors, cytoskeletal, and signaling molecules) in discrete steps of growth cone motility. We hope that micro-CALI will be a useful research tool for addressing dynamic processes in biology and medicine.
Development of educational partnerships dedicated to remote sensing of ice sheets cyberinfrastructure

The Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) is a Science and Technology Center with the mission of developing new technologies and computer models to measure and predict the response sea level change to the mass balance of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. The data processing and computer modeling requirements of CReSIS demand a distributed cyberinfrastructure. Real-time processing and data analysis infrastructure are being developed for field use and for use at partner institutions for both education and research.
T-Cell Lymphokines, Interleukin-4 and Gamma Interferon, Modulate the Induction of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Migration by Serum and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

Abstract Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)–induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) fibrinolysis is necessary for SMC migration. In order to determine whether the T-cell lymphokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and gamma interferon (γ-IFN) affect SMC fibrinolysis and migration, we examined the effects of human recombinant IL-4 and γ-IFN on human aortic SMC tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) antigen production, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Although IL-4 had no direct effect on SMC TPA antigen, IL-4 potentiated SMC TPA antigen levels and activity in conditioned media and cellular lysates in media containing 2% fetal bovine serum but did not change UPA or PAI-1 production. γ-IFN attenuated IL-4 augmentation of SMC TPA antigen production in conditioned media, although γ-IFN itself had no direct effects on SMC TPA and PAI-1 antigen production. IL-4 augmented PDGF induction of SMC TPA antigen. γ-IFN inhibited PDGF induction of SMC TPA antigen and IL-4 potentiation of this process. γ-IFN diminished the promigratory effects of both IL-4 and PDGF on in vitro SMC migration. Tranexamic acid, a plasmin inhibitor, abrogated the stimulation of SMC migration by IL-4. Therefore, IL-4 and γ-IFN modulate the induction of SMC TPA and SMC migration by 2% fetal bovine serum and PDGF.
A phase detector for 12.5Gbps clock and data recovery with optimal detection

We propose a phase detector using a matched filter that maximizes the performance for a given input noise condition. The matched filter performs optimal detection that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the sampling instant. The phase detector is designed for a 12.5Gbps clock-and-data recovery (CDR) circuit. Through optimal detection, the system rejects various types of noise, such as narrowband colored noise or additive white noise. The performance of the proposed phase detector is compared with a typical one through simulation. A delay-locked loop (DLL)-based clock recovery circuit is also implemented with the proposed phase detector and shows stable lock-in operation with the data SNR as low as 4.69dB. It also shows 2.2ps of root mean square (RMS) clock jitter when the second harmonic clock signal leakage degrades the data SNR to 5dB.
Respiration derived from the electrocardiogram: a quantitative comparison of three different methods

Three methods were developed to derive the respiration from the electrocardiogram (ECG). The basis for deriving the respiration from the ECG relies on the fact that during respiration, the heart's position in the thoracic cavity changes. Consequently, the angle of the mean cardiac vector also changes during respiration. Two orthogonal leads of ECG and a measure of respiration were taken from 9 healthy subjects during rest, paced breathing, and exercise. To determine the optimum method, the ECG derived respiration was compared to the measured respiration using cross-correlation and coherence. The results indicate that one method provides more accurate results than the other two.
Cocaine and Psychiatric Symptoms

BACKGROUND: Cocaine is an addictive drug that produces numerous psychiatric symptoms, syndromes, and disorders. The symptoms include agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, delusions, violence, as well as suicidal and homicidal thinking. They can be primary to the drug's effect or secondary to exacerbation of comorbid psychiatric disorders. DATA SOURCES: A computerized literature search was conducted using MEDLINE to identify reports of psychiatric symptoms secondary to cocaine use. Additional reports were found via bibliographies of various published reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: The use of cocaine in the "crack" form is often associated with more frequent and intense symptoms. Paranoia occurs in 68% to 84% of patients using cocaine. Cocaine-related violent behaviors occur in as many as 55% of patients with cocaine-induced psychiatric symptoms. Homicide has also been associated with cocaine use in as many as 31% of homicide victims. In suicide, cocaine has been found to be present in as high as 18% to 22% of cases. Many patients with cocaine dependence have also been found to have a comorbid psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSION: Cocaine can produce a spectrum of psychiatric symptoms with which primary care practitioners need to be familiar. Comorbid psychiatric disorders are frequent in patients with cocaine use disorders and can worsen with cocaine use. Nonaddictive medication may be necessary to treat comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depressive disorders. Primary care practitioners need to be familiar with the treatment programs for patients with cocaine use disorders so appropriate referral can easily take place and follow-up care can be understood and maintained.
CO(2) capture from dilute gases as a component of modern global carbon management.

The growing atmospheric CO2 concentration and its impact on climate have motivated widespread research and development aimed at slowing or stemming anthropogenic carbon emissions. Technologies for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) employing mass separating agents that extract and purify CO2 from flue gas emanating from large point sources such as fossil fuel–fired electricity-generating power plants are under development. Recent advances in solvents, adsorbents, and membranes for postcombust- ion CO2 capture are described here. Specifically, room-temperature ionic liquids, supported amine materials, mixed matrix and facilitated transport membranes, and metal-organic framework materials are highlighted. In addition, the concept of extracting CO2 directly from ambient air (air capture) as a means of reducing the global atmospheric CO2 concentration is reviewed. For both conventional CCS from large point sources and air capture, critical research needs are identified and discussed.
Robust stability against structured and unstructured perturbations

The problem of unstructured perturbations is considered when the linear system is also subject to parameter perturbations or uncertainties which are not necessarily small. This motivates the consideration of a family of interval plants, i.e. plants with transfer function coefficients varying in prescribed ranges. For such families of systems subject to prescribed ranges of parameter perturbations precise and nonconservative bounds on the level of unstructured perturbations can be tolerated. Auxiliary results on passivity and strict positive realness that are of interest in their own right are also developed. >
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) for Energy Cache Control in Modular Distributed Hydrogen-Electric Energy Systems

The proposed energy cache control enables fast compensation of stochastic power fluctuations through the use of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) connected to the DC bus of Distributed Generation (DG). The term energy cache control is chosen to reflect its analogy to the utilization of the data cache in computers. The SMES provides an energy cache for other types of storage with a higher capacity of energy but also longer response times. Together, the two types of storage provide high controllability over diverse time scales. The SMES so enables the creation of modular DG building blocks which can be readily connected to the network in a plug-and-supply mode. In the developed case study, the SMES is part of a DG unit of a model commercial facility that includes renewable-based electric power generation and a hydrogen-electric conversion and storage plant composed of an electrolyser, a fuel cell, and tanks. It is shown how the cache energy control deals with fast fluctuations of power generation and load that are caused by changing wind and sudden power demands of an elevator, respectively. Through its shock-absorbing role, the energy cache control of the SMES prevents the involved disturbances from propagating over the network interface and makes the DG unit behave as a good citizen in terms of network integration.
Sexual Segregation in Southern Mule Deer

Sexual segregation in southern mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus fuliginatus ) was studied on East Mesa, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San Diego Co., California, from June 1977– January 1979. Spatial separation of the sexes occurred throughout the dry portion of the year (May–October), but was most pronounced during and immediately following the fawning period (June–August). Bucks occurred most frequently on dry meadows during sexual segregation, and does and fawns primarily in moister meadows. Bucks occurred farther from summer sources of water than did other sex and age classes of deer. Sexual segregation was not attributable to food habits or selection of vegetative types. However, the percent cover of Sisymbrium altissimum , a preferred food, was higher and in earlier phenological stages on ranges occupied primarily by does than in meadows where bucks predominated. The proportion does and fawns comprised of all deer in eight meadow systems was correlated positively with overall population density; an inverse relationship existed between the proportion of bucks and deer density. Consequently, the availability of forage per individual did not vary between ranges inhabited by bucks and does. Sexual segregation in southern mule deer may occur as a result of the greater needs for water of lactating does. Larger body size and rumen to body volume ratio of bucks reduce rates of water loss and may allow males to subsist on vegetation in drier phenological states.
Intrinsic optical bistability of black body radiation

We report experimental observations of optically-induced bistable switching of black body radiation emitted by a random medium.
A Novel Inductive Biphasic Proximal Humerus Internal Fracture Fixator

There are about 14.5 occurrences of fracture fixation per every 100, 000 in the population every year. As a result, approximately 370, 000 hospitals visits occur every year. Presently, there are two exclusive schools of thought for internal fracture fixation: rigid and biological fixation. Rigid fixation utilizes stiffer implants for precise fragment positioning. However, significant stress shielding occurs as a result of the fixation. Biological fixation utilizes more flexible implants to reduce surgical trauma and allows for more functional healing but the possibility of non-union and delayed healing increases as well. We aim to combine these previously exclusive schools of thought by developing a novel proof-of-concept biphasic internal fixator design which varies its stiffness between the typical stiffness of the two schools. The design utilizes a shape memory polymer (SMP) to allow for biphasic actuation of the device. Upon inductively heating the polymer above its glass transition temperature (Tg), the SMP layer changes from a thicker initial shape to a preprogrammed "memorized" thinner shape. This leads to change of cross-sectional area and moment of inertia of the device resulting in a decreased axial, torsional, and bending stiffnesses; thus, reducing the effects of stress shielding while ensuring precise fragment union. ANSYS was used to perform finite element analysis (FEA) on our model of the device. Preliminary results from our FEA suggest that a forty percent reduction in stiffness may be achieved through utilizing a material which decreases its thickness from 7 mm to 2 mm.
Thoughts on John of Saxony's method for finding times of true syzygy

Abstract This article examines John of Saxony's iterative method for finding the times from mean to true syzygy (i.e., conjunction or opposition of the Moon and Sun). It argues that the method, composed c. 1330, contains several ambiguities, but is so robust that only one of these ambiguities affects the time correction. Furthermore, the method yields times of true syzygy that correspond, to the nearest minute, to the time when the true elongation, as computed by the planetary equations of the 1483 Alfonsine Tables, makes its closest approach to 0° or 180°. Hence John's method yields “exact” Alfonsine times, unlike all other known medieval methods or tables that only approximate those results. It will also be shown that John Somer (1380s) and Regiomontanus (1440–1450s) wielded John's method with considerable computational skill.
Nomadic behaviour and colony fission in a cooperative spider: life history evolution at the level of the colony?

The concept of colony-level life history evolution is introduced for the cooperative spiders by describing the life cycle and demography of Aebutina binotata (Araneae: Dictynidae), a species living in groups containing up to several dozen adult females plus their offspring. In a life cycle remarkably similar to that of army ants, the colonies ofA . binotata were found to reproduce by fission and to alternate nomadic and sedentary phases in tight association with their internal demography. Colonies of other cooperative spiders, on the other hand, remain stationary as they grow for a number of generations before producing propagules that are relatively small subsets of the maternal colony. It is suggested thatA . binotata's peculiar life cycle may have unfolded as a consequence of the two-dimensional architecture of its nests. Expanding two-dimensional nests may fragment more easily than the three-dimensional nests characteristic of other species. A long distance group migration or nomadic phase, described here for the first time for a spider, may have followed as a mechanism to cope with potential disadvantages of fission while selecting for strict synchronization of individual life cycle stages within the nests. It is shown, however, that, as in other cooperative spiders, A. binotata's sex ratio is also highly female biased. The theoretical implications of biased sex ratios in a species with fissioning colonies are briefly discussed.
Would Diamond Nanorods Be Stronger than Fullerene Nanotubes

On the basis of literature ab initio data, we show that diamond nanorods would have a brittle fracture force and a zero strain stiffness that exceeds carbon nanotubes for radii greater than about 1-3 nm, depending on the orientation of the diamond nanorod. The energetic stability of diamond nanorods is predicted by molecular modeling to be comparable to single-walled carbon nanotubes. It is concluded that diamond nanorods represent an important and viable target structure for synthesis. With its exceedingly high bulk modulus and hardness, diamond has historically been considered the strongest material. Recently, however, it has been claimed based on both theory and experiment that carbon nanotubes are both stiffer and stronger along their axis than diamond. A problem with this claim is that it is difficult to make a fair comparison between these two representatives from the macro- and nanoscales unless some additional assumptions about their structure are made, for example an effective “thickness” of a sheet of carbon atoms comprising a nanotube. In this paper the mechanical properties of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs) are compared to the predicted properties of an equivalent nanoscopic-scale diamond structure, namely a diamond nanorod (DNR). Our general analysis suggests that while a SWNT will have a higher strength-to-weight ratio, above a critical radius between about 1 and 3 nm (depending on the DNR structure) the force needed for brittle fracture of a DNR exceeds that of a SWNT. This higher fracture force, which at the nanoscopic scale is a less ambiguous property than fracture stress, results from the larger load-bearing crosssectional area of DNRs compared to SWNTs at the same diameter. Similarly, the calculations show that the zero strain stiffness of DNRs will exceed that of SWNTs for radii greater than about 1 nm. Experimental loading of SWNTs in ropes has yielded estimates for the tensile Young’s modulus that range from 320 GPa to 1.47 TPa, 1 and breaking strengths that range from 13 to 52 GPa (a strain of up to almost 6%), 1 values that
Zinc(II)-Mediated Carbene Insertion into C–H Bonds in Alkanes

The cationic zinc adduct {[HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Zn(NCMe)2}ClO4 catalyzes the functionalization of tertiary, secondary, and primary C–H bonds of alkanes via carbene insertion. Ethyl diazoacetate serves as the :CHCO2Et carbene precursor. The counteranion, supporting ligand, and coordinating solvents affect the catalytic activity. An in situ generated {[HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Zn}+ species containing a bulkier {B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4}− anion gives the best results among the zinc catalysts used.
DECANCELLATION OF THE OS CALCIS, ASTRAGALUS, AND CUBOID IN CORRECTION OF CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINOVARUS

In summarizing the results of this operation, we feel it offers many advantages: 1. It allows full correction of the club foot at an early age. [See Fig. 3-A, 3-B, 4-A, 4-B, 5-A AND 5-B In Source PDF]. [SEE FIG. 6-A, FIG. 6-B, IN SOURCE PDF] 2. It is particularly applicable to the resistant and neglected club foot. 3. It leaves the foot with a good range of motion and there is not the stiffness which results from multiple manipulative procedures. 4. It shortens the period of treatment, and avoids the dissatisfaction of parents who tire of the length of time taken by the manipulative procedures and, therefore, neglect the child. 5. In five cases (when braces were not worn nor physiotherapy carried out), there was a recurrence of the deformity and the operation had to be performed a second time; but in all the cases except one the final results were good and the tendency to \[SEE FIG. 7-A, FIG. 7-B, IN SOURCE PDF\] \[SEE FIG. 7-C FIG. 7-D IN SOURCE PDF\] recurrence, which is found in the manipulative method, has not been evident. 6. We have found no interference with the growth of the bones operated upon, but checking the growth might be advisable as there would be less tendency to recurrence of the deformity.
Hemodynamic and renal effects of acute and progressive nitric oxide synthesis inhibition in anesthetized dogs.

This study evaluated the effects of progressive nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in the regulation of systemic and regional hemodynamics and renal function in anesthetized dogs. TheN G-nitro-l-arginine...
Fair Trade Fish: Consumer Support for Broader Seafood Sustainability

Sustainable seafood initiatives began with efforts to promote and certify seafood sourced from well-managed stocks caught with a reduced impact on the marine environment. More recently, social equity in fisheries has been the subject of increased concern with suggestions that seafood cannot be certified as sustainable if its production results in social harm, such as unfair wages or the use of forced or child labour. Together with local seafood, which has been promoted as an eco-friendly and socially conscious alternative to globally sourced seafood, these initiatives signal a growing interest in fisheries as a social–ecological system. However, this increasingly complex landscape of environmental sustainability and social justice may be difficult for the public and seafood consumers to navigate. Here, we investigate consumer understanding of and responsiveness to a range of seafood sustainability initiatives by testing preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for seafood across the three types of sustainability: ecological sustainability, local origin and social sustainability. More than half of respondents demonstrated good understandings of both ecological sustainability and social sustainability with respect to seafood, and respondents were willing to pay more for all three types of sustainability. However, WTP for social sustainability benefits was the lowest, and consumers perceived a high degree of overlap of these benefits with those from locally sourced seafood. These results indicate that seafood certification taking a system-wide approach has potential to succeed, but that it will need to emerge in concert with the increased public education about social problems associated with globalized fisheries.
Egg quality, fatty acid composition and immunoglobulin Y content in eggs from laying hens fed full fat camelina or flax seed

The current study was conducted to evaluate egg quality and egg yolk fatty acids and immunoglobulin (IgY) content from laying hens fed full fat camelina or flax seed. A total of 75, 48-week-old Lohman brown hens were randomly allocated to 3 treatments, with 5 replicates containing 5 laying hens each replicate. The hens were fed corn-soybean basal diet (Control), or Control diet with 10 % of full fat camelina (Camelina) or flax seed (Flax) for a period of 16 wk. Hen production performance egg quality, egg yolk lipids, fatty acids and IgY were determined every 28 d during the experimental period. Egg production was higher in hens fed Camelina and Flax than in Control hens (P < 0.05). Egg weight and albumen weight was lowest in eggs from hens fed Camelina (P < 0.05). Shell weight relative to egg weight (shell weight %), and shell thickness was lowest in eggs from hens fed Flax (P < 0.05). No difference was noted in Haugh unit, yolk:albumen ratio, and yolk weight. Significant increase in α-linolenic (18:3 n-3), docosapentaenoic (22:5 n-3) and docoshexaenoic (22:6 n-3) acids were observed in egg yolk from hens fed Camelina and Flax. Total n-3 fatty acids constituted 1.19 % in Control eggs compared to 3.12 and 3.09 % in Camelina and Flax eggs, respectively (P < 0.05). Eggs from hens fed Camelina and Flax had the higher IgY concentration than those hens fed Control diet when expressed on a mg/g of yolk basis (P < 0.05). Although the egg weight was significantly lower in Camelina-fed hens, the total egg content of IgY was highest in eggs from hens fed Camelina (P < 0.05). The egg n-3 fatty acid and IgY enhancing effect of dietary camelina seed warrants further attention into the potential of using camelina as a functional feed ingredient in poultry feeding.
Recharacterisation and photo-documentation of five North American Bursaphelenchus species from C.L. Massey’s type material

The type specimens of five Bursaphelenchus species described by Massey, i.e ., B. bestiolus , B. corneolus , B. elytrus , B. newmexicanus and B. wilfordi , were re-examined and photo-documented to update their descriptions in light of a contemporary understanding of the genus. The presence of a lateral field, basal swelling of stylet, P1 ventral single papilla of males and a pair of three-celled structures in females, which were not described or mentioned in the original descriptions, were observed, although the number of lateral incisures were not clarified because of sample condition. Within these five species, the intrageneric groupings of B. bestiolus and B. wilfordi had been unclear. In the present study, because of newly observed morphological characters, B. bestiolus is considered to belong to the hofmanni -group, and is close to B. talonus and B. rufipennis . These three species form a species complex and are distinguished from each other only by female tail morphology. The species status of B. wilfordi is still unclear, although, based on spicule morphology and structure and arrangement of genital papillae, we consider it to belong to the hofmanni -group, close to B. parvispicularis , B. paraparvispicularis and B. osumiana . However, female characters of B. wilfordi are also similar to members of the cocophilus -group and Parasitaphelenchus . Re-isolation and molecular identification are necessary to confirm the status of these species. By contrast, the affiliations of B. corneolus with the hofmanni -group and B. elytrus and B. newmexicanus with the eggersi -group were confirmed. Based upon its morphological traits, B. corneolus is close to B. gerberae and B. paracorneolus , and is distinguished from these species by its spicule morphology, female tail morphology and female post-uterine sac length. However, male specimens of B. corneolus were not available for the present study and confirmation is necessary. Bursaphelenchus elytrus is similar to B. tusciae and is distinguished from it by its spicule (condylus) morphology and excretory pore position. Bursaphelenchus newmexicanus is close to B. glochis and is distinguished from it mostly by morphometrics and spicule (condylus) morphology. However, morphometrics usually vary among individuals and populations of a species, necessitating morphometric and molecular comparisons of more isolates (strains) in order to clarify specific status.
The Revised Army Alpha Examination as a Predictor of Intelligence and Brain Impairment

The Revised Army Alpha Examination is shown to be a reasonably strong predictor of WAIS (r = .81) and a set of subscales to be a fairly good predictor of brain impairment among a VA sample (n = 183). As a short group-administered test that provides eight subtest scores, its clinical and predictive qualities should be useful in research and clinical applications.
An Approach to Thermocouple Measurements That Reduces Uncertainties in High-Temperature Environments

Obtaining accurate temperature measurements with thermocouples in flame environments is challenging due to the effects of radiative heat losses, as these losses are difficult to quantify. Efforts to minimize radiative losses by, for example, suction pyrometry often result in a significant sacrifice in spatial resolution. In this work, a new experimental methodology is presented that both minimizes the temperature correction and allows the remaining correction to be accurately quantified. The approach is based on increasing and controlling the convective heat transfer to the thermocouple junction, which is accomplished by spinning the thermocouple at high speed. The rotation yields a large and known convective velocity over the thermocouple. Heat transfer can then be modeled for the thermocouple, and a functional relationship between temperature and rotational speed can be found. Fitting this model to the data allows for an accurate temperature correction. To test the feasibility of the rotating thermocoup...
MODES OF SPECIATION IN BIRDS: A TEST OF LYNCH'S METHOD.

The view that allopatric speciation is the predominant mode of speciation in animals seems firmly established (Mayr 1942, 1963). Mayr suggested that many species evolve via the establishment of small demes, often peripherally isolated, by dispersal of a few founders from the main body of the range. The view that dispersal is the primary means of achieving allopatry was seriously challenged by the school of vicariance biogeography (Platnick and Nelson 1978). Proponents of this approach suggest that vicariant events fragment ancestral populations and are just as important as, if not more important than, dispersal. Vicariant events are not necessarily expected to cause the isolation of small peripheral populations. Thus, dispersalist and vicariance biogeography predict different frequencies of geographic modes of speciation (Bush 1975), especially in regard to the prevalence of peripheral isolation. Cracraft (1982) studied the geography of speciation among Australian birds and concluded that speciation by vicariance was more common than peripheral isolation. Nevertheless, the frequency of geographic modes of allopatric speciation in birds is not well established. Lynch (1989) hypothesized that the frequency of vicariant, peripheral isolates, and sympatric speciation could be discovered by examining the relative range size and range overlap of sister taxa, either sister species or sister groups. Parapatric speciation, a third form of allopatric speciation (Bush 1975; Endler 1977), was not considered by Lynch because it appears to be phylogenetically indistinguishable from other forms of allopatric speciation (Wiley 1981; Cracraft 1982). In brief, Lynch (1989) suggested that if sister taxa are allopatric and occupy ranges of similar size, their speciation mode is most parsimoniously considered vicariance. If the range
Unconformable stratigraphy in East Antarctica: Part II. Englacial cosets and recrystallized layers

Complex unconformable englacial stratigraphy, including a segment of distinctive cosets of bed sequences, occurs throughout the thickness of a 3.2 MHz ice-sheet radar profile we acquired across the upper Byrd Glacier (East Antarctica) catchment. Some cosets span >10 km, are >100 m thick and are delineated by distinct horizons. At 40-90 m depth in firn, comparisons between 200 MHz and specially processed 3.2 MHz profiles reveal that the delineating horizons result from density-modified layers produced by decades to millennia of subaerial exposure, as detailed in our related paper (Part I). These comparisons, together with reflected waveforms at depth, also reveal that the modified layers retain their chemical stratification, and therefore the original unconformable surface. Two profile segments show high-amplitude transverse folds spanning much of the ice-sheet thickness. The parallel nature of most of them suggests basal sliding beneath long-term up-ice-flow accumulation zones, which we identify in satellite images as the likely sources for the cosets. The unconformable stratigraphy at depths greater than 2000 m shows that antidunal deposition and intense firn recrystallization zones have persisted for tens of thousands of years in this region of East Antarctica.
Age of drinking initiation as a moderator of the efficacy of a brief, web-based personalized feedback alcohol intervention

ABSTRACTEarly initiation of alcohol use is associated with high-risk drinking and an increased risk of adult alcohol dependence. The current study tested age of drinking initiation as a moderator of the efficacy of a brief, Web-based intervention on frequency of drinking and alcohol-related consequences among ninth-grade students (N = 513). At a three-month follow-up, students in the intervention group reported a reduction in drinking frequency and alcohol-related consequences relative to those in the control group. In addition, age of drinking initiation was a significant moderator of intervention efficacy. Intervention effects were greatest among two groups of students—those who reported abstinence at baseline and those who initiated drinking at age 11 or younger. Results support a brief, Web-based intervention as a promising strategy for reducing frequency of drinking and the associated consequences as a prevention strategy for students who report no drinking history and as an intervention strategy for...
Racial and Ethnic Variation in Time to Prostate Biopsy After an Elevated Screening Level of Serum Prostate-specific Antigen.

Objective To examine the racial and ethnic variation in time to prostate biopsy after an elevated screening level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Methods Male members of the Kaiser Permanente of Southern California health plan, 45 years of age or older, with no history of prostate cancer or a prostate biopsy, and at least 1 elevated screening level of serum PSA between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2007 were retrospectively identified (n = 59,506). All participants were passively followed via electronic health records until their time of prostate biopsy, death, membership disenrollment, or study conclusion (December 31, 2014), whichever was the initial event. Proportional hazard regression analyses were used to estimate the association between time from an elevated screening level of serum PSA to prostate biopsy, adjusting for age, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Results Median time until biopsy was 0.6 years (214 days), with approximately 41% of participants receiving a prostate biopsy within the study period. Results from the fully adjusted analysis indicated that the non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islanders (hazard ratio: 1.10, 95% confidence interval: [1.04, 1.15]) and the non-Hispanic blacks (hazard ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: [1.00, 1.08]) had a slightly shorter time to prostate biopsy after an elevated screening level of serum PSA compared to the non-Hispanic whites. Conclusion These data suggest that, within an integrated healthcare organization, minimal differences exist between racial and ethnic subgroups in their time to prostate biopsy after an elevated screening level of serum PSA.
Applying Structural Systems Thinking to Frame Perspectives on Social Work Innovation

Objective:Innovation will be key to the success of the Grand Challenges Initiative in social work. A structural systems framework based in system dynamics could be useful for considering how to adv...
LITTLE OLD LADIES ARE MUCH MALIGNED: DIVERSITY RECONSIDERED

There are two critical issues that educational program and policy planners need to consider when developing educational programs and policies for the older adult. First, Third‐Age Baby Boomers are the most privileged generation yet to be studied; second, this generation (the older adult generation of the 21st century) is the most diverse generation to exist. By considering diversity rather than stereotypical conceptualizations of the older adult, education for the older adult will be an asset, a resource for society.
Organizational Culture and University Responses to Parenting Students: A Case Study

This case study examines implications of a university’s culture on advocating for supportive policies and programs for parenting students. Four themes illuminated several key tensions within the institution that affected support for parenting students: the lack of formal policy, an emphasis on faculty practices around accommodations, concerns about differential treatment, and the problematization of parenting students. Findings are used to suggest future avenues for investigation and advocacy strategies that incorporate organizational culture.
Recombinant Factor VIIa Partially Reverses the Effects of Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Agents on Thrombin Generation and Thromboelastography.

Commonly used anticoagulants and anti-platelet agents have the potential drawback of bleeding complications and some lack an antidote for their quick reversal. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has recently been suggested as a general hemostatic agent but its use has only been approved for hemophiliacs with inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro ability of rFVIIa to reverse the effects of the following anticoagulant and/or anti-platelet agents: aspirin/plavix (n=12), heparin/aspirin/plavix (n=10), and coumadin (n=10). The criteria for patient selection were as follows: adult patients receiving coumadin; INR≥2, adult patients receiving heparin; aPTT≥ 50 seconds. After IRB approval and informed consent, blood was collected from patients receiving these medications and the effects of rFVIIa were studied using the thrombin generation assay and rotational thromboelastography (RoTEG®). Primary hemostasis in whole blood was assessed using the Multiplate® platelet analyzer following stimulation with collagen (final concentration was 3.2 μg/ml). Patients in the aspirin/plavix and heparin/aspirin/plavix groups, but not the coumadin group, had significantly decreased platelet activation compared to the control group. In platelet-poor plasma, the lagtime for thrombin generation was increased in all patient groups receiving anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents but the time-to-peak thrombin concentration was increased only in the heparin/ASA/plavix and coumadin goups. The addition of rFVIIa (2 and 6 μg/ml) shortened the lagtime in all patient groups so that it was not significantly different from controls. In the coumadin group, the time-to-peak thrombin concentration was reversed with rFVIIa at 2 μg/ml but was not reversed in the heparin/aspirin/plavix group even at 6 μg/ml. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was decreased only in patients receiving coumadin and could not be reversed at the highest concentration of rFVIIa (6 μg/ml). In whole-blood thromboelastography, the clotting time (CT) in the heparin/aspirin/plavix and coumadin groups were increased compared to controls. Addition of rFVIIa (6 ug/ml) reversed this anticoagulant effect in the coumadin group but not the heparin/aspirin/plavix group. The mean clot firmness (MCF) was decreased only in the heparin/aspirin/plavix group and addition of rFVIIa (6 ug/ml) reversed this effect. Although the number of patients collected in the heparin/aspirin /plavix group was 10, only 4 could be used in the final analysis for thrombin generation and thromboelastography since those with aPTTs>85 seconds did not achieve a CT nor did they generate sufficient thrombin to be evaluated in the allotted time (30 minutes for thromboelastography and 90 minutes for thrombin generation) The in vitro addition of rFVIIa (2 and 6 μg/ml) did not reverse this effect. This study shows that rFVIIa accelerates thrombin generation and CT, but does not completely reverse the effects of these agents on thrombin generation and thromboelastography.
Obesity and colon polyps in the black women's health study: An opportunity for prevention

PL02-01 Objective. Colorectal adenomas are thought to be precursor lesions to colorectal cancer, a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in African-American women. Studies suggest that obesity is a risk factor for adenomas in White women, but little is known about the relation in African-American women. We prospectively examined the association between selected anthropometric factors and colorectal polyps in African-American women. Research Methods and Procedures. Data were obtained from the Black Women’s Health Study, a prospective cohort study of African-American women. From 1997 to 2003, we followed 33,403 women aged ≥30 years with no prior diagnosis of cancer or polyps. Cox regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of polyps, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results. After 211,797 person-years of follow-up, 1,189 cases of colorectal polyps were reported. The IRR comparing women with a current body mass index (BMI) ≥35 to
Minority Public Shareholders in China's Concentrated Capital Markets – A New Paradigm?

This article provides a detailed analysis of the role of public shareholders in firm monitoring and corporate governance in one of the world’s most concentrated ownership environments — China’s controlled capital markets. It moves beyond the existing literature to explore in a comparative fashion innovative and sometimes idiosyncratic ways by which public shareholders can be involved in firm monitoring and corporate governance. In so doing, this article sheds new light on the global shift in the role of public shareholders towards greater empowerment and governance participation. Contributing to comparative corporate governance literature, this article offers a new analysis of current and prospective developments in the Chinese market, which is of particular importance globally as this market becomes increasingly central to the world economy.