cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Balloon: representing and querying the near future movement of predictive moving objects

The spatio-temporal uncertainty is an inherent feature of moving objects. One scenario where uncertainty exists is the movement of moving objects in the future, which results from lacking the knowledge of the prediction method. To solve this problem is useful, for example, to predict the locations of a hurricane and its relationships with points of interest on the land. The solution calls for a sound model to describe and handle the uncertainty properly. This paper introduces such a model which represents the spatio-temporal uncertainty in the near future. We introduce an uncertainty model called the balloon model specifically for future movements. We discuss how to implement the balloon model in the moving object database and define some important operations on querying the uncertainty.
Induction of apoptosis by 3-amino-6-(3-aminopropyl)-5,6-dihydro-5,11-dioxo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline via modulation of MAPKs (p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and c-Myc in HL-60 human leukemia cells.

Recently, we reported that 3-amino-6-(3-aminopropyl)-5,6-dihydro-5,11-dioxo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline (AM6-36), sharing structural similarity with naturally occurring isoquinolines, induced activities mediated by retinoid X receptor (RXR) response element accompanied by antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cells. To further characterize the biologic potential of AM6-36, we currently report studies conducted with HL-60 human leukemia cells. AM6-36 significantly inhibited cellular proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 86 nM. When evaluated at low test concentrations (≤0.25 μM), AM6-36 induced arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. At higher concentrations (1 and 2 μM), the response shifted to apoptosis, which was consistent with the effect of AM6-36 on other apoptotic signatures including an increase of apoptotic annexin V+ 7-AAD– cells, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and activation of several cas...
Immunization of Mice with Inactivated Herpes Simplex Virus.

SummaryUltraviolet inactivated herpes simplex virus prepared in rabbit kidney cell cultures was injected intravenously and in-traperitoneally into mice. The majority of mice so immunized survived a 1000 LD50 intracerebral herpes simplex virus challenge and were shown to possess neutralizing antibody against the virus. These findings are contrary to the findings of studies in which inactivated allantoic fluid virus was used as antigen. However, they are in agreement with early experiments which employed inactivated herpes simplex virus prepared in mouse or rabbit brain and a recent report in which antigen was also prepared in rabbit kidney cell culture.
The Influence of Culture and Sex on the Perception of Persons

University students in the U.S. and Ethiopia described individual members of designated groups. The descriptions were content analyzed to determine the cultural differences in the frequencies with which the members of the two cultures used each content category. Strong cultural differences were found, which were consistent regardless of the group membership of the individuals being described. The most significant of the differences involved the Ethiopans' stress on the categories “Opinions and Beliefs” and “Interpersonal Interactions”, and the Americans' emphasis on “Abilities and Knowledge”. While the Ethiopian sample included only males, the American sample included both males and females, allowing an analysis of the sex differences in the American data. This analysis revealed that the American males used the “Abilities and Knowledge” category more than the American females (although the American females still used this category far more than the Ethiopians), while the American females stressed “Interpersonal Interactions” (although not to the extent that the Ethiopians did). The differences found in the study are discussed in terms of the cultural forces which make particular categories of perception relevant in perceiving another person. RESUME Des universitaires americains et ethiopiens ont procede a des descriptions d'individus appartenant a certains groupes precis. Une analyse du contenu de ces descriptions a fait emerger des differences culturelles marquees quant a la frequence d'apparition de certaines categories de contenu. Ces differences se sont revelees constantes quel que soit le type d'individu decrit. Les differences les plus nettes portent sur les categories “Opinions et Croyances” et “Relations Interpersonnelles”, plus souvent utilisees par les Ethiopiens, tandis que les Americains font davantage appel a des proprietes du type “Aptitudes et Connaissances”. La comparaison des sujets masculins et feminins de l'echantillon americain (le groupe ethiopien etant exclusivement masculin) a permis de constater les tendances suivantes: les garcons americains accordent plus d'importance a la categorie “Aptitudes et Connaissances” que leurs condisciples feminins; celles-ci, toutefois, utilisent cette měme categorie bien davantage que les Ethiopiens et mettent plutot l'accent sur les “Relations Interpersonnelles”, bien que dans une mesure moindre que les Ethiopiens. Les differences observees dans cette etude sont discutees en termes de forces culturelles qui, lors de la perception interpersonnelle, induisent preferentiellement certaines categories de proprietes.
Interactions among Proteins Involved in Bud-site Selection and Bud-site Assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Bud formation in yeast involves the actions of the Ras-type GTPase Rsr1, which is required for the proper selection of the bud site, and the Rho-type GTPase Cdc42, which is necessary for the assembly of cytoskeletal structures at that site. The Cdc24 protein is required both for proper bud-site selection and bud-site assembly and has been recently shown to display guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) activity toward Cdc42. Here, we demonstrate, using recombinant proteins, that Cdc24 can also bind directly to Rsr1. This binding has no effect on the ability of Rsr1 to undergo intrinsic or GEF-stimulated GDP-GTP exchange. However, Cdc24 can inhibit both the intrinsic and GTPase-activating protein-stimulated GTPase activity of Rsr1 and thereby acts as a GTPase-inhibitor protein for Rsr1. Cdc24 thus appears to bind preferentially to the activated form of Rsr1. The SH3 domain-containing bud-site assembly protein Bem1 also binds directly to Cdc24, and we show here that this interaction is inhibited by Ca. Neither Bem1 nor Cdc42 affects the GTPase-inhibitor protein activity of Cdc24 toward Rsr1, and neither Bem1 nor Rsr1 affects the GEF activity of Cdc24 toward Cdc42. Taken together, these results suggest that Cdc24 enables the direct convergence of a Ras-like protein (Rsr1) and a Rho-like protein (Cdc42) with the SH3-domain-containing protein (Bem1) and that independent domains of Cdc24 are responsible for these different interactions. These results also suggest that rather than directly controlling the GEF activity of Cdc24, the primary roles of Rsr1 and Bem1 might be to control the positioning of Cdc24 within the cell.
Twinned Finite Plane Deformations Generated by Prescribed Rotation Fields

In previous work, it has been shown that any suitably smooth plane proper-orthogonal tensor field can serve as a rotation tensor for generating a plane finite deformation. In this paper, this previous analysis is used to study plane finite twin deformations. We show that given a defined smooth curve which separates two arbitrarily prescribed rotation fields, a twin deformation field can be generated in a neighborhood surrounding such curve. Examples are presented for cases where the Jacobian of the finite deformation field is discontinuous or continuous across the defined curve. Twinning in an elastic region is also analyzed in some detail.
Comparative catalytic studies of lactic dehydrogenases in the amphibia: Environmental and physiological correlations☆

Abstract 1. 1. The mixtures of lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the hearts of amphibians are catalytically more variable between species than are the mixtures of these enzymes found in skeletal muscles. 2. 2. The catalytic properties of the lactic dehydrogenases in amphibian hearts show a positive correlation with oxygen availability in the external medium that normally surrounds the skin in nature. 3. 3. The above molecular characteristics are further found to correlate with structural and physiological properties of the species involved bearing upon oxygen availability to the tissues and oxygen utilization by the tissues.
Relation of clearance and distribution of injected glutathione to protection against radiation injury.

Summary and Conclusions1. The clearance of intravenously injected reduced glutathione from the blood of dogs is rapid ( 3 hours). 3. The distribution of injected reduced glutathione is not uniform throughout the body. Of the organs studied it concentrates to a considerable extent in the liver, spleen, and kidneys.4. These experiments suggest that concentration of glutathione at sites vital for survival may be the prime factor in glutathione protection of the irradiated mammal. Whether the protection arises from preventing radiation death of essential cells or whether the protection is mediated through protection of humoral factors essential to orderly hemopoiesis remains unanswered.
Saltwater Waste and Landscape Change, Smackover Field, Arkansas

The most enduring legacy of inadequate waste management in old hydrocarbon fields is the extensive saltwater-scarred landscapes present in many of these areas. The features may be prominent for decades after saltwater disposal. The extent and natural healing of saltwater-modified landscapes vary based on several factors, including the saltwater volumes that were disposed, the method of surface disposal, climate and rainfall, surface topography, soil types, and vegetation types. The Norphlet district of Smackover Field, Arkansas, is an outstanding example of longterm saltwater disposal onto the ground. Saltwater damage was studied by digitizing scar distribution from 1936 and 1996 aerial photography, mapping saltwater production patterns, and observing modern landscape features in different stages of recovery. The most prominent and long-term saltwater scars are present in intermittent creeks away from the Smackover Creek floodplain. Scars on the floodplain are either more broad because of the poor drainage of polluted water or have healed more rapidly because of the flushing effect of nearby perennial streams. Creek scars in 1996 aerial photography and in the field are in different stages of recovery. Drainage scars are dominated by either salt-resistant vegetation or the absence of any vegetation. A few areas have recovered completely with the return of trees to the creek banks. Lease pits used for saltwater storage also remain as prominent features, but they, too, have healed and disappeared over the decades. Mary Barrett is an Associate Professor of Geology at Centenary College of Louisiana. She received her B.S. and M.S. from Stephen F. Austin State University and her Ph.D. degree from Johns Hopkins University, all in geology. She worked for Mobil Exploration and Producing in Dallas, New Orleans, and Denver before joining the Centenary faculty. At Mobil, she specialized in improved recovery from aging fields. At Centenary, she expanded her interests in aging fields to consider their history and surface environmental impacts. Her Smackover work received the DEG excellence of presentation award for the best technical paper at the New Orleans 2000 meeting.
Abstract 5664: The antiangiogenic effect of two drugs loaded nanocarriers and its potential application for cancer metronomic treatment.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Purpose: To synthesize and evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of individual and mixed paclitaxel (PTX) and rapamycin (RAP) conjugated micelles Methods: RAP or PTX were conjugated to poly(ethyleneglycol)-block-poly(aspartate-hydrazide) utilizing a pH-sensitive linker based on hydrazone prodrug strategy. The synthesized drug-polymer conjugates were characterized using NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). RAP and PTX polymer conjugates, PEG-RAP and PEG-PTX respectively were assembled into individual and mixed micelles. The size of these micelles was determined using dynamic light scattering. The micelle drug content was quantified by RP-HPLC. The antiangiogenic effect of individual and mixed micelles was evaluated in in vitro Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) model through proliferation, tube formation and migration assays. The HUVEC cell proliferation was evaluated by the CellTiter-Blue® Cell Viability Assay, the tube formation was evaluated by measuring the total area covered by the HUVEC capiliary formation while the HUVEC cell migration was determined by xCELLigence System. Results: PEG-RAP and PEG-PTX were successfully synthesized and the molecular weight of the polymers was determined by GPC and NMR. The number of drug molecules attached to the polymer for RAP and PTX were 22 and 25 respectively. PEG-RAP and PEG-PTX were assembled into individual and mixed micelles as mono dispersed populations in the range of 40-100nm. The IC50 of PEG-RAP and PEG-PTX individual micelles were 12μM and 2nM respectively. The mixed micelles showed synergistic effect in inhibiting the HUVEC cell proliferation. Individual and mixed micelles inhibited HUVEC tube formation and migration with the mixed micelles showing a synergistic effect. Conclusions: We were successful in synthesizing new conjugates of RAP and PTX with a pH-sensitive linker. These polymers were formulated into individual and mixed micelles. Antiangiogenic effect was observed with individual and mixed micelles. The antiangiogenic effect was synergistically enhanced with the use of mixed micelles. Citation Format: Adam G. Alani, Gyan Mishra. The antiangiogenic effect of two drugs loaded nanocarriers and its potential application for cancer metronomic treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5664. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5664
Children's competency to testify.

Case law and relevant psychological research on children's competency to testify are reviewed. Memory in young children is not problematic if direct, simple questions are used. Children's difficulty in free recall, however, may make them more subject to leading questions. There is no pronounced developmental trend in honesty, and attempts on voir dire to assess honesty are probably invalid. Of most concern is young children's ability to form “just impression of the facts.” Even children's limited conceptual skills may not be problematic, however, if jurors can discern the objective reality from the child's description, a point as yet unresearched. Research is also needed on the ways in which the courtroom setting affects a child's behavior.
Mg2+ and ATP or adenosine 5′-[γ-thio]-triphosphate (ATPγS) enhances intrinsic fluorescence and induces aggregation which increases the activity of spinach Rubisco activase

Abstract ATP and Mg 2+ caused a transient increase in the intrisinc fluorescence of Rubisco activase which was inhibited by the presence of ADP. Only minor changes in fluorescence were observed with ATP or Mg 2+ alone. The fluorescence increase was stabilized by addition of an ATP regenerating system or by substitution of ATP with a non-hydrolyzable analog, adenosine 5′-[γ-thio]-triphosphate (ATPγS). The initial rate of increase in fluorescence also depended on the concentration of protein in a manner consistent with second-order kinetics. The concentration dependence for the effect of ATPγS was sigmoidal, although at pH 8 the half-saturation requirements for both ATPγS (12 μM) and Mg 2+ (1.5 mM) were not too dissimilar to the binding affinities (6 μM and 2 mM, respectively) determined indirectly with the fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonapthalene-8-sulfonate. However, the concentration dependence of ATP was about 5-fold higher than its binding affinity, also sigmoidal and quite similar to the concentration responses of ATP hydrolysis and activation of Rubisco by the protein. These characteristics of the intrinsic fluorescence indicate that it monitors a conformational change in the protein occurring after binding of the nucleotide and associated with increased aggregation. Direct evidence of increased aggregation in the presence of Mg 2+ and ATP or ATPγS was obtained by gel-filtration chromatography. However, the apparent molecular mass was heterogenous and also varied with temperature. The increased aggregation of the protein resulted in altered kinetic properties. The ATP hydrolysis activity of the protein increased and the half-maximal ATP concentration decreased as the protein concentration was increased in the assay. Also, a brief pretreatment of the protein with ATP and Mg 2+ to increase aggregation eliminated the otherwise observed time delays in the Rubisco activation and ATP hydrolysis kinetics.
Bymixer provides on-line calibration of measurement of CO2 volume exhaled per breath.

The measurement of CO2 volume exhaled per breath $$(V_{CO_2 ,br} )$$ can be determined during anesthesia by the multiplication and integration of tidal flow $$(\dot V)$$ and $$P_{CO_2 } $$ . During side-stream capnometry, $$P_{CO_2 } $$ must be advanced in time by transport delay (TD), the time to suction gas through the sampling tube. During ventilation, TD can vary due to sample line connection internal volume or flow rate changes. To determine correct TD and measure accurate $$V_{CO_2 ,br} $$ during actual ventilation, TD can be iteratively adjusted (TDADJ) until $$V_{CO_2 ,br} $$ /tidal volume equals $$P_{CO_2 } $$ measured in a mixed expired gas collection $$(P\bar E_{CO_2 } )$$ (J. Appl. Physiol. 72:2029–2035, 1992). However, $$(P\bar E_{CO_2 } )$$ is difficult to measure during anesthesia because CO2 is absorbed in the circle circuit. Accordingly, we implemented a bypass flow-mixing chamber device (bymixer) that was interposed in the expiration limb of the circle circuit and accurately measured $$(P\bar E_{CO_2 } )$$ over a wide range of conditions of ventilation of a test lung-metabolic chamber (regression slope=1.01;R 2=0.99). The bymixer response (time constant) varied from 18.1±0.03 sec (12.5 l/min ventilation) to 66.7±0.9 sec (2.5 l/min). Bymixer $$(P\bar E_{CO_2 } )$$ was used to correctly determine TDADJ (without interrupting respiration) to enable accurate measurement of $$V_{CO_2 ,br} $$ over widely changing expiratory flow patterns.
Construction and Characterization of a proU-gfp Transcriptional Fusion That Measures Water Availability in a Microbial Habitat

We constructed and characterized a transcriptional fusion that measures the availability of water to a bacterial cell. This fusion between the proU promoter from Escherichia coli and the reporter gene gfp was introduced into strains of E. coli, Pantoea agglomerans, and Pseudomonas syringae. The proU-gfp fusion in these bacterial biosensor strains responded in a quantitative manner to water deprivation caused by the presence of NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl, or polyethylene glycol (molecular weight, 8000). The fusion was induced to a detectable level by NaCl concentrations of as low as 10 mM in all three bacterial species. Water deprivation induced proU-gfp expression in both planktonic and surface-associated cells; however, it induced a higher level of expression in the surface-associated cells. Following the introduction of P. agglomerans biosensor cells onto bean leaves, the cells detected a significant decrease in water availability within only 5 min. After 30 min, the populations were exposed, on average, to a water potential equivalent to that imposed by approximately 55 mM NaCl. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of a proU-gfp-based biosensor for evaluating water availability on leaves. Furthermore, the inducibility of proU-gfp in multiple bacterial species illustrates the potential for tailoring proU-gfp-based biosensors to specific habitats.
Immunomodulation of local and systemic immunity after subchronic pulmonary exposure of mice to benzo(a)pyrene.

A single intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of 3H-BaP (2.5 mg/kg) cleared rapidly from the lung with a half life of approximately 8 h. In contrast, the amount of 3H-BaP (expressed as counts/min/mg tissue) in the lung-associated lymph nodes (LALN) continued to increase over a 6 day period while a low, persistent level of BaP was detected in the spleen. To determine whether humoral immunity was affected by BaP accumulation in lymphoid organs, B6C3F1 mice were given seven daily i.t. instillations of 0.4, 4.0 or 40 mg BaP/kg, and immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) 1 day after the last BaP instillation. When antigen was given by i.t. instillation, the number of antigen-specific, antibody-forming cells (AFC) decreased in the LALN after BaP exposure. Interestingly, the number of AFC in the LALN from BaP-exposed mice were significantly increased after intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization. However, these same mice had lower numbers of AFC in the spleen. When 51Cr-SRBC were instilled in the lung, the pulmonary clearance of radiolabeled antigen was slowed in BaP-exposed mice. When 51Cr-SRBC were placed in the peritoneal cavity, the amount of radiolabeled antigen that reached the LALN was similar in BaP-exposed and vehicle mice. However, four time more radiolabeled antigen translocated from the peritoneal cavity to the lung in BaP-exposed mice, while significantly less antigen reached the spleen and liver. Thus, BaP-induced immunomodulation of the humoral immune response appears to be influenced by the route of immunization, as well as by the proximity of the responding lymphoid tissue to the site of BaP deposition.
Adherence and growth of a Bacillus species on an insoluble polyester polyurethane

Abstract Laser Doppler velocimetry, electrical impedance, and static light scattering measurements were employed to quantify the growth of a Bacillus species at the expense of a heterogeneous, insoluble polyester polyurethane. Progress of the culture was arbitrarily divided into 3 phases: adherence of polyurethane to the bacteria, bacterial multiplication, and aggregation of the bacteria with the remaining, undegraded polymer. Observations with all 3 instruments indicated that multiple binding of the small colloidal polyurethane to the bacterium occurred over the course of 4 to 5 hours. During this extended lag period, the average volume of the bacterium–polyurethane complex increased to nearly three times that of the bacterium alone. The Bacillus cells then entered an exponential phase of growth with a doubling time of 55 minutes. Beyond 8 hours, the number of free bacteria in the culture declined concomitant with the appearance of large aggregrates composed of hundreds of cells and residual polyurethane. Further culture development ceased beyond 24 hours, leaving portions of the heterogeneous substrate unmetabolized. Phase contrast, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopic observations provided qualitative corroboration of the significant events in the culture deduced from the instrumental analyses. These data demonstrate that physical measurements of colloidal suspensions may be used to study and quantify the complex interactions of bacteria with heterogeneous insoluble substrates.
A Comparison of Students' Attitudes toward Two Teaching Methods: Traditional versus Distance Learning

The purpose of the study was to identify students' attitudes toward two teaching methods (traditional versus distance learning), to compare the relationship between students' attitudes and their demographic characteristics, and to provide feedback to instructors who teach via technological means. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents were female (61%), less than 23 years of age (86%), in their junior or senior years (69%), and with a Grade Point Average of C or above (76%). Out of 74 respondents in the study, 52 students received the traditional teaching method while 22 received the distance learning method.
Failure of muscarinic blockade to antagonize analepsis induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and MK-771 in the rat

In the rat, the antimuscarinics atropine and scopolamine amine failed to block the reduction in pentobarbital-induced sleep time produced by either thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or MK-771 (a TRH analog). Previous reports have indicated that the marked analeptic effect produced by TRH is antagonized by such agents. It is not clear at this time whether the difference between our findings and these previous studies indicates a reduced sensitivity of cholinergic receptors in the rat to muscarinic blockade, a different neurochemical mechanism of action of TRH in the rat, or other unknown factors.
Death following an exchange transfusion with hemoglobin SC blood

solved by using an IBM 2991 computerized blood cell processing system to wash the red cells serially, rinse them, and then resuspend them in compatible fresh plasma. This reprocessing would correct any abnormalities of dilution or concentration. It might also possibly restore other factors necessary for adequate red cell membrane functioning. The report by Hersher et al I suggests that cryptogenic hyperkalemia is a significant cause for serious neonatal arrhythmias. Our data describe one possible source of an excessive potassium load from freshly drawn blood used in the very premature infant. We have not been able to find similar data about this hazard of exchange transfusion in recent publications. The critically ill, extremely premature infant who requires an exchange transfusion seems particularly vulnerable to the effects of hyperkalemia. The potassium load imposed by an exchange transfusion with hyperkalemic blood might be extraordinary. The rise in extracellular potassium concentration would occur over a very short period of time, the transmembrane myocardial electric potential could be rapidly perturbed, and dysrrhythmia could quickly ensue. We suggest that all blood used for exchange transfusions, particularly in sick preterm infants, should have the potassium concentration determined prior to the procedure. If values are greater than 6 mEq/1, another unit of blood should be substituted. Serial samples of blood for transfusion of newborn infants, if studied, will determine the magnitude of this problem for individual institu
Parents' Rights and Juvenile Court Jurisdiction: A Review of Before the Best Interests of the Child

This new book' by the authors of Beyond the Best Interests of the Child' also makes a major contribution to the field of family law. Concentrating this time on the subject of child neglect and abuse, the authors mount a powerful attack on state intrusion into families under current child protection laws. Like Beyond the Best Interests, this book has attracted wide attention and provoked intense controversy. It should be read by all those concerned about the law's impact on children and families.
Retention of Riverine Sediment and Nutrient Loads by Coastal Plain Floodplains

Despite the frequent citation of wetlands as effective regulators of water quality, few quantitative estimates exist for their cumulative retention of the annual river loads of nutrients or sediments. Here we report measurements of sediment accretion and associated carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus accumulation as sedimentation over feldspar marker horizons placed on floodplains of the non-tidal, freshwater Coastal Plain reaches of seven rivers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. We then scale these accumulation rates to the entire extent of non-tidal floodplain in the Coastal Plain of each river, defined as riparian area extending from the Fall Line to the upper limit of tidal influence, and compare them to annual river loads. Floodplains accumulated a very large amount of material compared to their annual river loads of sediment (median among rivers = 119%), nitrogen (24%), and phosphorus (59%). Systems with larger floodplain areas and longer floodplain inundation retained greater proportions of riverine loads of nitrogen and phosphorus, but systems with larger riverine loads retained a smaller proportion of that load on floodplains. Although the source and longterm fate of deposited sediment and associated nutrients are uncertain, these fluxes represent the interception of large amounts of material that otherwise could have been exported downstream. Coastal Plain floodplain ecosystems are important regulators of sediment, carbon, and nutrient transport in watersheds of the Chesapeake Bay.
Turbulent buoyant flows into a two dimensional storage tank

Abstract A numerical model was developed to simulate the turbulent mixing processes that occur when a cold fluid flows into a two dimensional tank containing a warmer fluid. The process simulates the charging of a chilled water thermal energy storage tank. The numerical model employs a transient stream function-vorticity formulation to predict the streamline and temperature distributions in the tank. The turbulent effect was modeled by a two equation turbulent model using the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent length scale equations. The results for a lower corner inlet flow show that the cold fluid will not extensively mix with the warmer fluid in the tank for Archimedean number greater than five and inlet Reynolds number less than 1000. The warm and cold fluids will thermally stratify under these conditions and limitations.
The neural correlates of Neuroticism differ by sex prospectively mediate depressive symptoms among older women.

Abstract Background Mood disorders in old age increase the risk of morbidity and mortality for individuals and healthcare costs for society. Trait Neuroticism, a strong risk factor for such disorders into old age, shares common genetic variance with depression, but the more proximal biological mechanisms that mediate this connection are not well understood. Further, whether sex differences in the neural correlates of Neuroticism mirror sex differences in behavioral measures is unknown. The present research identifies sex differences in the stable neural activity associated with Neuroticism and tests whether this activity prospectively mediates Neuroticism and subsequent depressive symptoms. Methods A total of 100 (46 female) older participants (> 55 years) underwent a resting-state PET scan twice, approximately two years apart, and completed measures of Neuroticism and depressive symptoms twice. Results Replicating at both time points, Neuroticism correlated positively with resting-state regional cerebral blood-flow activity in the hippocampus and midbrain in women and the middle temporal gyrus in men. For women, hippocampal activity mediated the association between Neuroticism at baseline and depressive symptoms at follow-up. The reverse mediational model was not significant. Conclusions Neuroticism was associated with stable neural activity in regions implicated in emotional processing and regulation for women but not men. Among women, Neuroticism prospectively predicted depressive symptoms through greater activity in the right hippocampus, suggesting one neural mechanism between Neuroticism and depression for women. Identifying responsible mechanisms for the association between Neuroticism and psychiatric disorders may help guide research on pharmacological interventions for such disorders across the lifespan.
Characterization of the common fragile site FRA9E and its potential role in ovarian cancer.

Characterization of the common fragile site FRA9E and its potential role in ovarian cancer
Novel light sources for biophotonics imaging

We discuss novel light sources based on telecom fibers and devices for multiphoton fluorescence imaging and coherent Raman scattering imaging.
Neonatal EEG-sleep disruption mimicking hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after intrapartum asphyxia.

Abstract Objectives : EEG-sleep organization of asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated full-term neonates was compared during the first 3 days after birth. Background : Aggressive fetal and neonatal resuscitative efforts have reduced the severe expression of the neonatal brain disorder termed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Neonates may alternatively express altered EEG-sleep organization over the first days of life after asphyxia which may mimic mild or moderate hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. None of ten asphyxiated infants had EEG-confirmed seizures or pharmacologically-induced encephalopathies. All asphyxiated infants expressed fetal distress on fetal heart monitoring prior to delivery, and required neonatal resuscitation, as reflected in depressed 1, 5, and 10 min Apgar scores. Moderate to severe metabolic acidosis was also documented at birth in the asphyxiated group. All ten asphyxiated infants displayed either hyperalertness/irritability or somnolence/lethargy during the first 24 h after birth, suggesting mild to moderate post-asphyxial encephalopathy. Twenty-two 1 h 21-channel EEG polygraphic studies were obtained from the first through third days of life on nine asphyxiated infants and scored for EEG-sleep states. Studies on 23 non-asphyxiated newborns were also obtained between 1 and 3 days of life and scored for EEG-sleep state. EEG-sleep states were assigned to every minute of each record by visual analyses, without knowledge of the presence or absence of asphyxia. Comparisons of active, quiet, and indeterminate sleep percentages between neonatal groups were performed. Nested MANOVA was used which took into account multiple observations per child in the asphyxiated group. Results : The percent of active sleep was 44.7% (±14.7), the percent of quiet sleep was 38.7% (±14.3), and the percent of indeterminate sleep was 13.3% (±11.4) in the non-asphyxiated group. The percent of active sleep was 18.9% (±18.5), the percent of quiet sleep was 46.5% (±21.1), and the percent of indeterminate sleep was 33.4% (±19.7) in the asphyxiated group. A significant decrease in active sleep ( F =39.5, P F =4.6, P F =21.5, P F =21.8, P Conclusions : An increased percentage of quiet sleep and indeterminate sleep at the expense of decreased active sleep reflects postnatal brain adaptation to asphyxia in infants despite the absence of overt clinical or electrographic evidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Brain adaptation in newborns after acute asphyxial stress may be expressed as altered sleep organization, despite clinical signs which may masquerade as mild to moderate post-asphyxial encephalopathy. EEG-sleep studies can assist in a more accurate classification of newborn encephalopathy that does not satisfy the criteria for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Effects of acute restraint stress on tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression in locus coeruleus of Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Abstract Norepinephrine (NE) is thought to play a role in the stress response, and may be involved in stress-related psychopathological conditions such as depression or anxiety. Heterogeneity in individual responses to the same stressor suggest that a genetic susceptibility to the effects of stress may contribute to such pathology. To address possible mechanisms underlying this genetic aspect of the stress response, we examined acute stress-induced changes in mRNA expression for several components of the NE system in the locus coeruleus (LC) and adrenal medullae of stress-susceptible Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and their parent Wistar (W) strain. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), NE transporter (NET) and α2A receptor mRNA were measured in the LC by in situ hybridization 30 min and 2 h after the onset of 30 min restraint stress. Adrenal TH mRNA was measured by slot blots. No basal differences were observed for any measure, but in the LC, expression of TH mRNA increased by 40% in W rats at 30 min (n=8, p
Distribution of Cisplatin in Bone Marrow Cells: Quantitative X-Ray Imaging

The distribution of cisplatin in freeze-dried cryosections of rabbit bone marrow cells was measured with an imaging system. Cisplatin contains a single atom of platinum per molecule which allowed the concentration of the drug to be measured throughout the cryosections. This technique was chosen because it does not require the separation of cells into homogeneous subpopulations. X-ray imaging measured not only the distribution of the element labeling the drug, but also other elements which were used to follow the effect of the drug on membrane ion transport. In samples incubated for 10 hr in cisplatin a high selectivity in the uptake of this drug was observed. Only a few of the large early cells were found to accumulate this drug, while in the smaller more mature cells platinum could not be detected. Most of the platinum accumulated in the cytoplasm and was not evenly distributed. Cells containing high levels of platinum lost their cytoplasmic potassium and gained extracellular sodium and chloride. In some cases cells that contain lower concentrations of platinum with normal levels of potassium were found, indicating that the alteration of the membrane permeability or the inhibition of the K/Na pump did not occur during the initial accumulation of the drug. This membrane permeability or pump change requires the accumulation of high concentrations of the drug, resulting in the loss of potassium and the gain of sodium.
Semi-Off-Shell String Amplitudes

Abstract We study n-string amplitudes with one or two strings off-shell using the Polyakov path integral. The residues of the poles of these amplitudes correspond to the correct S-matrix elements. The coupling of gravitons to off-shell amplitudes shows that objects invariant under all world-sheet symmetries are also invariant under spacetime gauge symmetries. We interpret our results in terms of a local operator expansion.
Removal of soy protein-bound phospholipids by a combination of sonication, β-cyclodextrin, and phospholipase A2 treatments.

Abstract One of the contributing factors to generation of off-flavours in soy protein isolate (SPI) during storage is autoxidation of residual amounts of phospholipids present in SPI. Thus, removal of phospholipids from SPI is a likely first step to improve its flavour stability and enhanced utilisation of SPI in food products. We describe a β-cyclodextrin-based (βCD) process to remove protein-bound phospholipids and free fatty acids in SPI. Treating SPI solution (8%) with 10 mM βCD alone at pH 8.0 decreased the phospholipid content of SPI by about 36%. A greater than 99% removal of phospholipids and free fatty acids was achieved by using a combination of treatments involving sonication of the SPI solution for 5 min at 50 °C followed by treatment with phospholipase A 2 and βCD. SPI prepared by this method was white in colour. The results presented here offer a process for removing residual off-flavour causing phospholipids from soy protein.
Changing the rules of the game: Reflections toward a feminist analysis of sport

Abstract Sport, play and games are institutionalized forms of activity used to help maintain male cultural hegemony. Despite reform which has improved access to sport for highly skilled females, the vast majority of girls and women are still systematically denied opportunities to develop physical competence. Imposition of various social control mechanisms enforces this denial, serving to disable women and to perpetuate women's lack of control over our bodies. Despite the thorough identification of sport with masculinity, its strong symbolic value for patriarchy, and women's lack of full access, sport, play, and games have received little attention from feminist scholars. The dynamics which perpetuate a lack of feminist dialogue about sport may stem from the dualistic view which supports patriarchy, and its influence even on feminist scholars. Homophobia, lesbian-baiting, fear, and lack of understanding among those who could engage in the dialogue are further barriers. Yet sport may have the potential to be reclaimed and to function for women's benefit. A shift in framework must first occur, so that women-centered questions form the bases of our analyses of sport. Women-centered questions in two areas, sport and women's sense of meaning of self, and sport and women's sexuality, give rise to a rich vision of sport as a women-defined and women-serving endeavor, useful in cracking the foundations of patriarchal control. While reconceptualization of support is a difficult task, it must begin with changes in the concept of domination and submission upon which sport under patriarchy is based. Eliminating this expression of dualism may enable women to use the sport experience to help reclaim ourselves as unified, self-controlling women.
Control of structure and evaluation

Scalar conformance controls the structure phase of expression evaluation. Program control of this phase is achieved through insertion and deletion of scalar levels of structure. The basic functions to do this are ENCLOSE and DISCLOSE with axis. Their application in some common cases is made easier with proposed extensions to BRACKET INDEX and INTERVAL. This approach provides the function of a RANK operator with greater flexibility while keeping data structure information with the data.A number of simple expression transformations have proved useful experimentally. Two operators are defined which in their several invocations provide full and partial currying and commutation of left and right arguments; composition, power, and dual of functions; composition, conversion between dyadic and monadic function syntax.The variations in the definitions of partitions have led to suggestions that more than one primitive operation may be needed. Extensions to EACH and ENCLOSE are proposed which provide a wide range of function while satisfying numerous identities. Since these two operations are each used in APL2 to create a level of structure, the extensions are appropriate.
Assignments of dissociation constants of primaquine by 13C-NMR spectroscopy

The first and second dissociation constants of primaquine have been determined by titration in acetonitrile-water mixtures and estimated in pure water by using linear regression analysis. The assignments of dissociation constants were unambiguously achieved by studying the 13C nmr spectral data obtained on the mono-, di-, and trihydrochloride salts.
Effects of Moist Froude Number and CAPE on a Conditionally Unstable Flow over a Mesoscale Mountain Ridge

Abstract In this study, idealized simulations are performed for a conditionally unstable flow over a two-dimensional mountain ridge in order to investigate the propagation and types of cloud precipitation systems controlled by the unsaturated moist Froude number (Fw) and the convective available potential energy (CAPE). A two-dimensional moist flow regime diagram, based on Fw and CAPE, is proposed for a conditionally unstable flow passing over a two-dimensional mesoscale mountain ridge. The characteristics of these flow regimes are 1) regime I: flow with an upstream-propagating convective system and an early, slowly moving convective system over the mountain; 2) regime II: flow with a long-lasting orographic convective system over the mountain peak, upslope, or lee slope; 3) regime III: flow with an orographic convective or mixed convective and stratiform precipitation system over the mountain and a downstream-propagating convective system; and 4) regime IV: flow with an orographic stratiform precipitatio...
Sources of uncertainty in ionospheric modeling: The neutral wind

The neutral wind is a critical input parameter for physics-based ionospheric models, affecting both the height of the F layer and the total electron content. Unfortunately, the currently available models of the thermospheric wind do not seem to represent it very accurately, and this places a serious limitation on the effectiveness of ionospheric modeling and forecasting. We make use of several decades' worth of midlatitude ionosonde observations of the F region peak, in order to compare the effectiveness of several neutral wind models when used as drivers for an ionospheric model. We check the simulation results against the ground truth of the ionosonde observations using the technique of forecast skill scores. We find that with the ionospheric model in use here (the Utah State University Time Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM)), a very simple neutral wind pattern outperforms the more complex models. Increases in skill scores as high as 50% are obtained, relative to the reference case of zero wind; also, in some cases, there are similarly large decreases in skill scores. We view this as a sensitivity study, rather than an effort to identify the best wind model in an absolute sense, because any ionospheric model is an assemblage of algorithms, boundary conditions, and drivers that are themselves imperfect. We identify reasons for the large variability in skill scores with respect to season, longitude, and solar cycle level. We close with a brief discussion of other parameters in ionospheric modeling that are similarly uncertain, e.g., a downward electron flux and the Burnside factor.
Crystal Structure of Yeast DNA Polymerase ε Catalytic Domain

DNA polymerase e (Pole) is a multi-subunit polymerase that contributes to genomic stability via its roles in leading strand replication and the repair of damaged DNA. Here we report the ternary structure of the Pole catalytic subunit (Pol2) bound to a nascent G:C base pair (Pol2G:C). Pol2G:C has a typical B-family polymerase fold and embraces the template-primer duplex with the palm, fingers, thumb and exonuclease domains. The overall arrangement of domains is similar to the structure of Pol2T:A reported recently, but there are notable differences in their polymerase and exonuclease active sites. In particular, we observe Ca2+ ions at both positions A and B in the polymerase active site and also observe a Ca2+ at position B of the exonuclease site. We find that the contacts to the nascent G:C base pair in the Pol2G:C structure are maintained in the Pol2T:A structure and reflect the comparable fidelity of Pol2 for nascent purine-pyrimidine and pyrimidine-purine base pairs. We note that unlike that of Pol3, the shape of the nascent base pair binding pocket in Pol2 is modulated from the major grove side by the presence of Tyr431. Together with Pol2T:A, our results provide a framework for understanding the structural basis of high fidelity DNA synthesis by Pol2.
Outcomes of lateral retroperitoneal reservoir placement of three-piece penile prosthesis in patients following radical prostatectomy

While placement of a three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) with a midline reservoir can be performed with favorable outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP), postoperative fascial scarring can introduce surgical complexity, increase intra-operative complications and/or potential obstacles for future inguinal and/or perineal surgeries. We describe the implantation of the IPP with lateral reservoir placement through a separate incision to avoid surgical complications. We obtained clinical characteristics of all patients (1998-2009) who underwent RP before IPP placement with lateral reservoir placement (cases). For comparison, patients who underwent IPP placement with midline reservoir placement were also identified (controls). Thirty-one patients with a history of RP underwent IPP placement using the lateral placement technique without intra-operative or post-operative complications. There were no significant differences in the intra-operative complication rate among 31 control patients. However, at a median follow-up of >2 years, there was a significantly higher rate of post-operative complications in controls, likely reflecting the increased co-morbidities in this group. The results of this study suggest that three-piece IPP with lateral retroperitoneal reservoir implantation is associated with comparable long-term outcomes and can be performed safely in patients who have previously undergone RP.