cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental Verification and Comparison of MAFC Method and D-Q Method for Selective Harmonic Detection

This paper reviews two popular harmonic detection methods for power electronics applications. One is a d-q method, which dominates the three-phase active filter and STATCOM applications and the other one is a multiple adaptive feed forward cancellation (MAFC) method. The latter one is also called an adaptive neuron method, neural network method or Adaline method. The novelty of this paper is that it presents experimental results, which is rare in the literature. This paper first gives an introduction of MAFC method from adaptive control point of view. Then realtime (RT) implementation of two methods is introduced and realtime hardware in the loop tests (HIL) are fully performed to compare these two methods. Finally, experimental results using these two methods on a diode rectifier front end motor drive and a thyristor rectifier dc drive are presented. Both steady state and dynamic performances of these two methods are compared. The comparison results give guidance for using these two methods for power electronics applications like active filter or STATCOM.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE: MINDFULNESS IN THE SCHOOLS—HISTORICAL ROOTS, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

This article provides an introduction to the special issue on mindfulness in the schools by discussing the historical roots, current status, and future directions of mindfulness-based work related to youth and their caregivers. Definitions are provided to operationalize mindfulness and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs); key events in the movement of MBIs from clinical settings to school settings are summarized; and the upshot of current MBI-related work in schools is provided from both popular and scientific perspectives. Finally, an agenda for future research regarding mindfulness in schools is provided, followed by introducing and briefly discussing the target articles of this special issue.
Inhibition of alpha4 integrin to protect the brain against ischemic injury.

The potential use of anti-alpha4 antibody presents an attractive approach to the treatment of stroke for a number of reasons: firstly, access to the site of action; alpha(4) is expressed on circulating leukocytes, permitting efficacy with systemic administration and negating the requirement for passage across the blood-brain barrier, an important consideration for neuroprotective and neurotrophic agents and other antiinflammatory approaches such as chemokine inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic studies in the rat have demonstrated a maintained pharmacological action of alpha(4) antibody for up to 72 hours after a single intravenous dose using leukocytosis as a surrogate marker for activity. Finally, the ubiquitous pattern of alpha(4) expression on different leukocyte subsets makes it an attractive target to combat the early and late inflammatory responses to brain injury.
Effect of Time-Slowing Suggestions on Rate of Emission of an Operant Response

Five suggestible female subjects acquired an operant response conditioned on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. Each subject was then hypnotized and performed the response during 6-min. alternating baseline and experimental phases in an Abab withdrawal design. Experimental phases were preceded by administration of time-slowing suggestions. Return to baseline condition was accomplished via presentation of a time-normalization suggestion. Four of the subjects demonstrated noticeable decreases in operant response rate during time-slowed phases as compared to the preceding baseline phases. Subjects decreased their response rates despite a perceived response cost in doing so. Subjective reports indicated that all subjects experienced slowed time passage during experimental phases although subjective experiences varied greatly between individuals. An attempt is made to explain the differences between subjects in their overt and covert responses to time-slowing suggestions.
Which Voices? Whose Democracy?

(2001). Which Voices? Whose Democracy? Argumentation and Advocacy: Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 210-213.
Heart Rate Alters, But Does Not Improve, Calorie Predictions in Fitbit Activity Monitors

Background: Consumer-based activity monitors use accelerometers to estimate Calories (kcals), but it is unknown if monitors measuring heart rate (HR) use HR in kcal prediction. Purpose: Determine if there is a difference in kcal estimations in Fitbits measuring HR compared to those not measuring HR. Methods: Participants (n = 23) wore five Fitbits and performed nine activities for five minutes each, split into four groupings (G1: sitting, standing, cycling 50–150W; G2: level (0%) and inclined (10%) walking at 1.1 m/s; G3: level (0%) and inclined (10%) walking at 1.4 m/s; G4: level (0%) and inclined (3%) jogging at 2.2–4.5 m/s) in the laboratory. Three Fitbits (Blaze, Charge HR, Alta HR) assessed steps, HR, and kcals, and two Fitbits (Alta, Flex2) assessed steps and kcals. Steps, HR, and kcals data from the Fitbits were compared to criterion measures and between Fitbits measuring HR and Fitbits without HR. Results: Fitbits with HR had significantly higher kcal predictions (10.5–23.8% higher, p < .05) durin...
Collaborative Commemoration: Narratives as Transactional Memorials to Heal the Wounds of War and Trauma

Human beings tell stories to give voice to the indescribable, to make sense, to define themselves and their place in the world, and to convey to others a sense of their lived experience. Unlike gra...
Technologies for Knowledge Derivation: On-Line Analytical Processing

This chapter focuses on a technology for knowledge derivation, On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP). Decision makers frequently need high-level knowledge in order to make their decisions. What they often have is an abundance of raw data from transaction processing databases. OLAP is one technology that transforms raw data into higher-level knowledge useful to decision makers, thereby deriving new knowledge. The chapter first lays out a theoretical framework for knowledge derivation in a decision support context and then locates OLAP technologies within that framework. How OLAP technologies can work is described in detail. Some of the current products on the market are categorized and presented along the dimensions of data storage and data manipulation. Results of a recent survey of OLAP adoption are discussed. Two case studies are then presented demonstrating OLAP usefulness in a business decision context. The chapter ends with a discussion of current trends in the OLAP market and some predictions based upon the theoretical framework discussed in the early part of the chapter.
Radial evolution of interaction regions.

Near and outside 1 AU, corotating interaction regions bounded by shocks form at the leading edges of high-speed streams. This paper describes the radial evolution of interaction regions, the merging of interaction regions belonging to neighboring streams, and the coalescence of interaction regions belonging to successive solar rotations.
Social Entrepreneurship: Using the New Millennium Development Goals to Make an Impact on Society

Social entrepreneurs are gaining international attention motivated by change and to see the world as it can be, not as it is. One way to achieve impact is to identify new opportunities through the New Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The eight MDG initiatives include: eradicating poverty and hunger in the world, providing universal primary education, promoting general equality and empowerment for women, reducing the child mortality rate, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS and other diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability and developing global partnerships for development. Using the MDGs, everyone can participate in the creation of solutions to the world's social problems. The intention of the course is to combine the Berea College motto of learning, labor and service to create projects that will deepen students understanding of the world around them, use their skills and knowledge to make a positive impact and ultimately to serve a disadvantaged population either here in the region or in another part of the world. This interdisciplinary course will help students from all majors learn how social entrepreneurship can create a better world (nursing majors can develop affordable health services, sociology majors can learn how to develop partnerships with international organizations, psychology majors can address gender equality and empowerment, and agriculture majors can help create sustainable food solutions). Through the course, students will develop their own toolkit of skills to help prepare them to make an impact on the Appalachian region, inner-city communities or developing economies around the world. Students will be encouraged to use Gandhi's model of "be the change you wish to see in the world" to make a difference in the lives of others.
Utilization of LCP-Tacrolimus (Envarsus XR) in Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplant Recipients.

A higher incidence of rejection is seen in pancreas transplant recipients compared to those who receive kidney transplant alone.[1][1] Niederhaus and colleagues found that 21% of pancreas transplant recipients either had acute cellular or antibody-mediated rejection.[2][2] Notably, a marked graft
User Information Security Behavior Towards Data Breach in Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Enabled Organizations - Leveraging Protection Motivation Theory

User information security behavior has been an area of growing demand in information systems (IS) research. Unfortunately, most of the research done in user information security behavior have been in broad contexts, therefore creating a gap in the literature for similar research that focuses on specific technologies and organizational technology policies. With organization's looking to increase productivity, reduce cost, and increase the flexibility in how employees work, they are introducing policies such as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). However, increasing data breach tied to user negligence and noncompliance with security policies makes it imperative to better understand user information security behavior. The paper explores existing literature, proposes a conceptual model based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), and an approach to conduct the study. The paper also highlights contributions the study will make to the area of IS research.
Dynamic, Bioresponsive Hydrogels via Changes in DNA Aptamer Conformation.

DNA aptamers are integrated into synthetic hydrogel networks with the aim of creating hydrogels that undergo volume changes when exposed to target molecules. Specifically, single-stranded DNA aptamers in cDNA-bound, extended state are incorporated into hydrogel networks as cross-links, so that the nanoscale conformational change of DNA aptamers upon binding to target molecules will induce macroscopic volume decreases of hydrogels. Hydrogels incorporating adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding aptamers undergo controllable volume decreases of up to 40.3 ± 4.6% when exposed to ATP, depending on the concentration of DNA aptamers incorporated in the hydrogel network, temperature, and target molecule concentration. Importantly, this approach can be generalized to aptamer sequences with distinct binding targets, as demonstrated here that hydrogels incorporating an insulin-binding aptamer undergo volume changes in response to soluble insulin. This work provides an example of bioinspired hydrogels that undergo macroscopic volume changes that stem from conformational shifts in resident DNA-based cross-links.
Coteaching in Early Childhood Clinical Field Experiences: A Cross-Case Study of Learning Affordances.

Coteaching, a model for learning to teach, places teacher candidates alongside clinical educators in classrooms. Learning occurs through shared practice and on-going explication of thinking and ref...
A growth-based model for the prediction of fiber angle distribution in the intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus

There is a growing interest in the development of patient-specific finite element models of the human lumbar spine for both the assessment of injury risk and the development of treatment strategies. A current challenge in implementing these models is that the outer annulus fibrosus of the disc is composed of concentric sheets of aligned collagen fibers, the helical angles of which vary spatially. In finite element models, fiber angle is typically assumed to be constant, based on average experimental measurements from a small number of locations. The present study hypothesized that the full spatial distribution of fiber angles in the annulus fibrosus may be predicted for any disc geometry by assuming growth from a thin cylinder with constant fiber angle. This hypothesis was tested by developing an analytical model of disc growth and calibrating it with fiber angle measurements of adult bovine caudal discs. The calibrated model was then run on a representative human lumbar disc geometry. The model was able to accurately predict fiber angle distributions in both the experimental bovine caudal disc measurements and literature-reported human lumbar disc measurements. Despite its theoretical basis in development, the model requires only mature state geometry, making it practical for implementation in patient-specific finite element analyses, in which disc geometry is obtained from clinical imaging.
Management of Peyronie’s disease with collagenase Clostridium histolyticum in the acute phase

Peyronie’s disease (PD) can affect men of all ages and is associated with penile pain as well as curvature and erectile dysfunction. Treatment modalities for PD include conservative, less invasive and surgical treatments. Choice of treatment depends on the disease’s phase. Injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) is only the Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for the management of the chronic phase of the disease. Only a few limited studies have evaluated its potential benefits during the acute phase. To evaluate the current evidence on the use of injectable CCH during the acute or active phase of PD. We performed a PubMed database search for articles published between 2015 and 2018 that investigated the use of CCH for the management of the acute phase of PD. Search keywords included “Peyronie’s disease”, “collagenase Clostridium histolyticum”, and “acute phase”. Changes in penile curvature after treatment with injectable CCH. Mean curvature decrease ranged between 15.8° and 22.6° corresponding to 27.4–37.4% decrease from baseline after 2.5–4 cycles, corresponding to 5–8 injections, of CCH treatment in patients during the acute phase of PD. Intralesional CCH injection therapy during the acute phase of PD can be both safe and effective and clinically significant improvements in penile curvature may be achieved. Larger multi-institutional studies are, however, still needed to confirm these results and validate this additional indication for CCH.
An Examination of the Efficiency of Resource Allocation Auctions within Firms

Markets have a remarkable capacity for producing efficient resource allocations when information about relative values is dispersed across economic agents. We explore the use of market mechanisms inside the firm to address a resource allocation problem, and compare the outcome with the first- and second-best solution. Although the market mechanism does not always attain the first-best or even second-best benchmark, it is significantly simpler to implement. Moreover, we identify circumstances under which the losses involved in using a market rather than the optimal second-best contract are negligible.
Using Television Drama as Entertainment-Education to Tackle Domestic Violence in China

Don’t Respond to Strangers (DRTS) is the first and to date the only television drama in China that was intentionally produced to raise public consciousness about the insidious nature of domestic violence, to contribute to its elimination, and to protect and uphold the rights of women. Under the overarching framework of entertainment-education, we utilised protection motivation theory to carry out a systematic three-part mixed-methods evaluation of DRTS. Study 1 was a qualitative content analysis of how domestic violence was portrayed in all 23 episodes of DRTS, identifying themes and scenes that could influence viewers’ threat and coping appraisal of domestic violence. In Study 2, a quantitative content analysis of 1,848 viewer posts spread over an eight-year period was carried out on DRTS’ online forum, ascertaining how they reflected the viewers’ threat and coping appraisal about domestic violence. Study 3 was an on-line survey with Chinese nationals (N=326) that tested how their threat and coping appraisal with respect to domestic violence influenced the relationships between program exposure and three behavioural intention outcomes—i.e., victim coping, bystander intervention, and policy support. Our triangulated results suggested that, overall, DRTS was highly effective in using fear appeals to get the public’s attention on domestic violence, spur public discussions on the topic, and foster a favorable policy climate—one that culminated in 2015 in the passage of anti-domestic violence legislation.
DNA extraction for human microbiome studies: the issue of standardization

Among the laboratory and bioinformatic processing steps for human microbiome studies, a lack of consistency in DNA extraction methodologies is hindering the ability to compare results between studies and sometimes leading to errant conclusions. The purpose of this article is to highlight the issues related to DNA extraction methods and to suggest minimum standard requirements that should be followed to ensure consistency and reproducibility.
Dietary and Pharmacological Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

Context The effects of dietary intake of different fatty acids and pharmacological use of fatty acids, specifically long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), on cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention have been examined in a large number of observational studies and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent data and discusses potential mechanisms. Evidence acquisition The review is based on the authors' knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms seafood, fish oil, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ASCVD. Evidence synthesis We mainly discuss the recent clinical trials that examine the effects of different types of dietary fatty acids and pharmacological use of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD prevention and the potential mechanisms. Conclusions While replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat in particular, or intake of LC n-3 PUFA-rich seafood has generally shown benefit for ASCVD prevention and is recommended for cardiovascular benefits, data on effects of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD health are inconsistent. However, recent clinical trials support benefits of prescription EPA in ASCVD prevention. n-3 PUFAs may contribute to ASCVD prevention through multiple mechanisms, including lowering plasma triglyceride levels, anti-inflammatory effects, antithrombotic effects, and effects on endothelial function.
From Design to Delivery: Teaching Supply Chain Management to IB Majors

ABSTRACTCurricular development is critical for preparing students in a coordinated fashion for life after graduation – especially when their roles will involve cross-border business decisions. The ...
Laser-induced elastic wave classification: thermoelastic versus ablative regimes for all-optical elastography applications.

Significance: Shear wave optical coherence elastography is an emerging technique for characterizing tissue biomechanics that relies on the generation of elastic waves to obtain the mechanical contrast. Various techniques, such as contact, acoustic, and pneumatic methods, have been used to induce elastic waves. However, the lack of higher-frequency components within the elastic wave restricts their use in thin samples. The methods also require moving parts and/or tubing, which therefore limits the extent to which they can be miniaturized. Aim: To overcome these limitations, we propose an all-optical approach using photothermal excitation. Depending on the absorption coefficient of the sample and the laser pulse energy, elastic waves are generated either through a thermoelastic or an ablative process. Our study aimed to experimentally determine the boundary between the thermoelastic and the ablative regimes for safe all-optical elastography applications. Approach: Tissue-mimicking graphite-doped phantoms and chicken liver samples were used to investigate the boundary between thermoelastic and ablative regimes. A pulsed laser at 532 nm was used to induce elastic waves in the samples. Laser-induced elastic waves were detected using a line field low coherence holography instrument. The shape of the elastic wave amplitude was analyzed and used to determine the transition point between thermoelastic and ablative regimes. Results: The transition from the thermoelastic to the ablative regime is accompanied by the nonlinear increase in surface wave amplitude as well as the transformation of the wave shape. Correlation between the absorption coefficient and the transition point energy was experimentally determined using graphite-doped phantoms and applied to biological samples ex vivo. Conclusions: Our study described a methodology for determining the boundary region between thermoelastic and ablative regimes of elastic wave generation. These can be used for the development of a safe method for completely noncontact, all-optical microscale assessment of tissue biomechanics using laser-induced elastic waves.
Using the Economic Espionage Act to Protect Trade Secrets in Baseball

In 2016, Christopher Correa, a former employee of the St. Louis Cardinals, was sentenced to forty-six months in prison for violating the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act when he accessed a Houston Astros database without authorization. However, these were not the only charges Correa could have faced. This note uses the Correa case to illustrate how the Economic Espionage Act can be used to prevent trade secret theft in Major League Baseball. More specifically, this note asserts that the sabermetric data systems used by MLB teams to evaluate and track players are legally protectable trade secrets. Furthermore, due to the fluid nature of the baseball analytics talent pool and barriers to civil prosecution inherent in baseball’s structure, the Economic Espionage Act presents the best way to combat the misappropriation of this information. The note goes on to distinguish between teams’ off-field and on-field tactics and discusses how, if at all, this framework should apply to the collection and use of biometric data.
Optical frequency comb divider for microwaves with 10 -18 absolute instability

Microwaves with 1×10-18 absolute instability were derived from two independent Yb optical clocks. The optical clock phase is reproduced at 10 GHz with 1×10-19 fidelity, demonstrating that state-of-the-art optical clock uncertainty and instability can be converted to microwaves without any degradation.
Space Radiation Effects on SiC Power Device Reliability

Heavy-ion radiation can result in silicon carbide power device degradation and/or catastrophic failure. Test procedures and data interpretation must consider the impact that heavy-ion induced off-state leakage current increases will have on subsequent single-event effect susceptibility and testability. On orbit, reliable performance in the presence of increased off-state leakage currents due to cumulative ion-induced non-catastrophic single-event effects must be assured over the mission lifetime. This work presents a large body of heavy-ion test data for different diode, power MOSFET, and JFET devices. Susceptibility to single-event effects is compared between SiC and Si power devices. Initial recommendations on heavy-ion radiation test methods for silicon carbide power devices are made and radiation hardness assurance is discussed with the goal of moving one step closer to reliably getting this technology off the ground into a broad array of spacecraft and instruments that will benefit from its unique capabilities.
Allostatic load, metabolic syndrome and self-rated health in overweight/obese Non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American adults.

Abstract Aim This study examined the associations of high allostatic load (h_ALS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with and self-rated poor health (SRPH) in overweight/obese non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Mexican American (MA) adults. Methods The 2015–16 and 2017-18 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (n = 4403) were used for this study. Results Rates of h_ALS in overweight/obese NHW, NHW, and MA participants were 56.9%, 58.8%, and 51.9%, respectively (P Conclusions The effect of h_ALS on SRPH was much stronger in NHW, while the effect of MetS was strongest among NHB overweight/obese adults. The result of this study provides further evidence in favor of race/ethnic-tailored interventions, including education and weight control to reduced risks of bodywear and tear and SRPH.
Transport of vitamin B 12 in Escherichia coli.

Abstract The uptake of 60Co-labeled cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) by cells of Escherichia coli K-12λ was shown to consist of an initial rapid phase (complete in <1 min), followed by a slower secondary phase. Methods enabling the measurement of 60Co-B12 uptake after incubation times of 1 to 2 sec were used in studies on the initial rate of B12 uptake. This initial process showed saturation kinetics, with a Vmax of 56 molecules per sec per cell and a Km of 5 nm, and was essentially independent of cellular energy metabolism. No inhibition was obtained with cyanide, fluoride, arsenite, or 2, 4-dinitrophenol, and an energy of activation of 3.8 kcal/mole for this initial phase of uptake was calculated from its response to temperature changes between 15 and 35 C. The inhibition by HgCl2 (50% at 0.1 mm) but not by 1 mmN-ethylmaleimide or 1 mmp-chloromercuribenzoate was consistent with a role for a relatively inaccessible sulfhydryl residue at the initial B12 binding site. The secondary phase of B12 uptake was clearly dependent on the energy metabolism of the cell, and, from its response to temperature, an energy of activation of about 17 kcal/mole was calculated. Cyanide (10 mm), arsenite (10 mm), and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (0.1 mm) gave at least 70% inhibition of the rate of the secondary phase. The formation of other cobalamins, such as 5′-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin, was not an obligate part of B12 transport. The cells were also able to take up 60Co-labeled cobinamide cyanide.
VESTIBULAR TESTING IN CHILDREN WITH DIZZINESS AND BALANCE CONCERNS AFTER CONCUSSION: LABORATORY AND CLINICAL RESULTS:

Background:Dizziness is the second most common symptom in people who sustain a concussion and there are few reports on vestibular laboratory findings in the concussed pediatric population. Studies ...
Nuclear Energy Safety and International Cooperation: Closing the World's Most Dangerous Reactors

1. Political rules and nuclear safety 2. Ukraine's uneasy past and uncertain future 3. Armenia at the crossroads 4. Lithuania reluctant but resolved to obey 5. Bulgaria, what a strange trip it has been 6. Overcoming Slovakia's Meciar problem 7. Delaying disaster
Amicus Brief in Maryland Comptroller v. Wynne

The internal consistency test reveals that Maryland applies systematically higher “county” taxes to interstate commerce than to in-state commerce.Economic analysis of Maryland’s tax regime — including its taxes on inbound, outbound, and domestic activities — confirms what the internal consistency test suggests, namely, that the Maryland “county” tax discourages interstate commerce. Specifically, the Maryland tax regime discourages Maryland residents from earning income outside of Maryland, and it simultaneously discourages nonresidents from earning income in Maryland. Maryland alone causes this distortion; the distortion does not depend on the taxes imposed by any other state.Petitioner’s argument that Maryland’s outbound tax regime should be upheld because it is facially neutral when compared to Maryland’s domestic tax requires the Court to ignore Maryland’s inbound tax on nonresidents. Ignoring relevant parts of a state’s tax regime obscures the overall effect of that regime on interstate commerce. Although crediting other states’ taxes would cure Maryland’s dormant Commerce Clause violation, other practical and legitimate alternatives for curing the violation exist. Maryland, not the courts, should decide how to cure the constitutional infirmity in Maryland’s tax regime.
Knowledge-Based Enhancements of Active Set Strategies in Optimal Structural Design

In large structural optimization problems, an important factor in solution efficiency and reliability is a judicial selection of those inequality constraints that must be included in each iteration. Some of those constraints are expected to be active, that is, to be satisfied as strict equalities at the optimum. Such a selection process is generally called an active set strategy. There are both rigorous and heuristic arguments for developing an active set strategy. In the present article, this issue is approached from the viewpoint of a knowledge-based implementation, where heuristic decisions can be more precisely identified and subsequently codified. The resulting generalized active set strategy is a very practical one based on experiences with actual codes.
A Case of Severe Withdrawal Syndrome

One essential role of the central government in a federation is to universalize the good--if necessary, against the will of some federated states. This function does not imply superior knowledge or exceptional experience. In fact, it does not presuppose anything but sensitivity to public opinion and a semblance of constitutional authority. The current government of Canada is less inclined than its predecessors to intervene in the health sector; one might even say that federal leadership is lacking. Yet in fact, if innovation is now at a halt in our health system, it could be less because of what the federal government is (not) doing to support national solutions, and more because of intrinsic issues of management and orientation at the level of healthcare organizations and delivery systems.
A low power soft error suppression technique for dynamic logic

As the device sizes are shrinking, the next generation combinational logic will also become equally susceptible to soft errors as the memory elements. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to minimize the impact of soft errors in domino logic by using complementary pass transistor devices and additional weak keeper to selectively isolate the logic gates struck by single event upsets (SEUs). Experimental analysis shows that this technique achieves soft error suppression with no extra power consumption and modest area (2.6%) and delay (13.6%) overhead.
Country location choices of service multinationals: An empirical study of the international hotel sector

Abstract This article examines international country location choices for equity investment undertaken by global hotel chains. Why do certain host countries attract more hotel investment than others? A second underlying issue that we tackle in this article is whether the traditional foreign direct investment determinants used in past studies on manufacturing also apply to services—or whether service sector-specific determinants are better explanatory variables for understanding the distribution of service foreign direct investment across countries.
An investigation of Martian northern high‐latitude and polar impact crater interiors: Atypical interior topographic features and cavity wall slopes

Abstract– We examine Martian northern high-latitude and polar impact craters (NPICs) to better understand the north polar materials and polar processes. We examine topographic characteristics for 346 NPICs and compare them to global fit data (e.g., Garvin et al. 2003; Boyce and Garbeil 2007) as well as to a small set (N = 92) of southern high-latitude and polar impact craters (SPICs). We find that the NPIC population above 57° N is significantly shallower than the global crater population. This suggests that the NPICs (1) were initially shallow due to target properties of polar geologic units; (2) were once deeper, but have been infilled due to polar processes; or (3) a combination of both. Indeed, many of the NPICs exhibit considerable noncentral peak interior topographic features (IFTs), which may be indicative of infilling processes. The NPIC IFTs also appear to display trends in their preferential orientation within the crater cavity; some SPICs display similar interior features, but do not show a clear preference in their orientation within the crater cavity. In addition, the NPIC population displays cavity wall slope trends that seem to indicate steepening of slopes with increasing crater diameter in comparison to the global slope trend (Garvin et al. 2003). These trends suggest that the NPICs are unique in their geometry when compared to the global data set as well as with the SPICs further indicating that the north polar region may exhibit target properties and polar processes not seen in the south polar region or elsewhere on Mars.
Clinical Significance of Micrometastatic Disease in the Era of Sentinel Node

The 1990’s ushered in a new era of staging the regional lymph node basin for patients with cutaneous melanoma and invasive breast cancer. At the 1990 meeting of the Society of Surgical Oncology [1], intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy (LM/SL) with isosulfan blue dye (Lymphazurin 1%, Hirsch Industries, Inc., Richmond, VA) was proposed as an accurate alternative to routine elective lymph node dissection for staging the regional lymphatics in patients with cutaneous melanoma [2]. At the 1994 meeting of the American Surgical Association (Giuliano AE, Kirgan DM, Guenther JM, Morton DL. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for breast cancer. Presented at The American Surgical Association, San Antonio, TX, April 7-9 1994), LM/SL with isosulfan blue dye was proposed as an accurate alternative to routine level I and II axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with invasive breast cancer [3]. Other investigators [4–7] have proposed using radioactive technetium-labeled sulfur colloid to identify the sentinel node for melanoma [8] and breast cancer patients [9,10]. A mounting body of evidence suggests that a combination of the two methods maximizes the accuracy rate for identifying the sentinel node [11–14]. This paper does
Die Bürgerrechte II: Die Gewährleistung des Eigentums

Es mag als ein Paradox der Geschichte erscheinen, das in England, der Wiege des auf der freien Verfugung uber das Eigentum beruhenden Privatkapitalismus in seiner modernen Gestalt, niemals ein eigentliches „Grund“ recht auf Gewahrleistung des Privateigentums bestand, oder das das semantische Idealbild von der „Heiligkeit des Privateigentums“ dort Anerkennung gefunden hatte2. Die Wurzeln dessen, was in England als „Kollektivismus“ gilt, worunter die Unterordnung des Privateigentums unter die vom Parlament verkorperten Gemeinschaftsinteressen verstanden wird, reichen tief in die englische Geschichte zuruck, trotzdem England sich niemals dem Merkantilismus in dem Mase verschrieben hatte wie manche der Kontinentalstaaten. In der agrarischen Gesellschaft bestanden seit alters nachbarrechtliche Beschrankungen in der Nutzung des Grund und Bodens und allen Eigentums. Die Nachbarn waren gegen davon ausgehende Beeintrachtigungen (nuisance) — sich etwa mit dem Rechtsbegriff der Immissionen deckend — geschutzt und hatten gegen diese wie gegen widerrechtliche Eingriffe (trespass) und Fahrlassigkeit (negligence) nach common law zivil- und strafrechtliche Abwehrmoglichkeiten. In der Folgezeit aber wurden diese herkommlichen Eigentumsbeschrankungen in steigendem Mas von den statutarischen Einwirkungen der offentlichen Hand in den Schatten gestellt. Zumindest seit der industriellen und wirtschaftlichen Reformgesetzgebung der ersten Halfte des 19. Jahrhunderts ist anerkannt, das das Eigentum nur nach Masgabe der allgemeinen Gesetze und in Not- und Kriegszeiten uberhaupt nicht gewahrleistet ist. Kein Gebaude darf ohne behordliche Erlaubnis errichtet oder beseitigt werden.
BvgA functions as both an activator and a repressor to control Bvgi phase expression of bipA in Bordetella pertussis

The Bordetella bipA gene is expressed maximally when the BvgAS phosphorelay is semi-active, i.e. in the Bvg-intermediate (Bvg(i)) phase. We used a BvgA-FeBABE cleavage approach together with site-directed mutagenesis and bipA-lacZ fusion analyses to determine precisely where BvgA-phosphate (BvgA approximately P) binds at the bipA promoter and how that binding contributes to the complex transcription pattern displayed by bipA. BvgA approximately P bound with high affinity and cooperatively with RNAP to sequences at the bipA promoter immediately 5' to and overlapping those bound by RNAP to activate transcription under Bvg(i) phase conditions. bipA therefore, like fhaB, appears to be similar to classical class-II promoters with regard to the mechanism by which its transcription is activated. BvgA approximately P bound with relatively low affinity to sequences immediately 3' of those bound by RNAP at the bipA promoter and this binding mediated repression of bipA transcription under Bvg+ phase conditions. BvgA approximately P binding to these sequences occurred simultaneously, if not cooperatively, with RNAP, indicating that BvgA approximately P represses bipA expression by inhibiting transcription initiation and/or elongation, rather than by competing with RNAP for binding. As bipA is the first Bvg(i) phase gene to be characterized, and the first gene shown to be repressed by BvgA approximately P directly, our results will provide a basis for comparison as additional Bvg-regulated genes are identified and characterized.
Avian Response to Mechanical Aspen Restoration in Sierra Nevada Coniferous Forest

Using mechanical treatments to mimic natural disturbances is becoming a standard management and restoration approach. In the Sierra Nevada, as throughout much of western North America, much of aspen habitat is in poor health. Because of the high ecological value of healthy aspen, and its limited extent on the landscape, restoration to reverse the decline and improve stand health has become a management priority in the region. To evaluate the ecological effects of mechanically removing competing conifers to restore aspen in the Sierra Nevada, we compared vegetation characteristics and bird abundance in treated and untreated aspen stands on the Lassen National Forest before and up to 13 years after mechanical conifer removal. Treatments reduced total canopy cover and increased herbaceous cover and the number of aspen stems, while shrub and overstory aspen covers were unchanged. Of 10 aspen focal bird species, 7 increased in abundance following treatment relative to controls, including all species associated with early seral aspen habitat and cavity nesting species; none declined. In contrast, of the six conifer focal species, the four associated with denser conifer habitat declined as a result of the treatments. The two species associated with conifer edges and understory cover increased. Our results demonstrate mechanical conifer removal treatments can provide ecologically meaningful changes in habitat for the avian community and are an effective tool for restoring ecological values of degraded aspen habitat for birds in the Sierra Nevada.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH, SIZE, MOLTING, AND NUMBER OF ANTENNAL SEGMENTS IN ORCHESTIA TRASKIANA STIMPSON (AMPHIPODA, TALITRIDAE)

Dans cette etude on a examinee la possibilite d'utiliser le nombre d'articles ou podomeres comporte par la flagelle des antennes, comme indice de rang de mue chez l'amphipode Talitride Orchestia traskiana. Les resultats montrent que les mâles et les femelles possedant jusqu'a 13 podomeres acquierent, en moyenne, un podomere supplementaire lors de la mue. Les differences survenant dans la frequence d'acquisition des podomeres lors de la mue, entre les mâles et les femelles possedant plus de 13 podomeres, semblent etre liee a la difference existante entre les taux de croissance respectifs des sexes. Il a ete remarque que la longueur moyenne du corps d'un O. traskiana possedant entre 10 et 13 podomeres, telle qu'elle a ete mesuree dans une population prelevee sur le terrain, subit des variations saisonnieres, ce qui suggere ainsi une variation saisonniere dans l'accroissement de la mue.
Recruitment failure in Florida Keys Acropora palmata, a threatened Caribbean coral

Recovery of Acropora palmata from its currently imperiled status depends on recruitment, a process which is poorly documented in existing Caribbean coral population studies. A. palmata is thought to be well adapted to proliferate through the recruitment of fragments resulting from physical disturbances, such as moderate intensity hurricanes. This study monitored fifteen 150 m2 fixed study plots on the upper Florida Keys fore-reef for asexual and sexual recruitment from 2004 to 2007. Between July and October 2005, 4 hurricanes passed by the Florida Keys, producing wind speeds on the reef tract of 23 to 33 m s−1. Surveys following the hurricanes documented an average loss of 52% estimated live tissue area within the study plots. The percentage of “branching” colonies in the population decreased from 67% to 42% while “remnant” colonies (isolated patches of tissue on standing skeleton) increased from 11% to 27%. Although some detached branches remained as loose fragments, more than 70% of the 380 fragments observed in the study plots were dead or rapidly losing tissue 3 weeks after Hurricane Dennis. Over the course of the study, only 27 fragments became attached to the substrate to form successful asexual recruits. Meanwhile, of the 18 new, small encrusting colonies that were observed in the study, only 2 were not attributable to asexual origin (i.e., remnant tissue from colonies or fragments previously observed) and are therefore possible sexual recruits. In summary, the 2005 hurricane season resulted in substantial loss of A. palmata from the upper Florida Keys fore-reef from a combination of physical removal and subsequent disease-like tissue mortality, and yielded few recruits of either sexual or asexual origin. Furthermore, the asexual and sexual fecundity of the remaining population is compromised for the near future due to the lack of branches (i.e., “asexual fecundity”) and overall loss of live tissue.
Why the L-type pentose pathway does not function in liver

Abstract 1. 1. The classical pentose and not the L-type pathway functions in liver (Rognstad et al ., 1982; Landau and Wood, 1983a; Landau, 1985; Scofield et al ., 1985b). 2. 2. It seems necessary to summarize again the reasons for this conclusion because of a recent review by Williams and his coworkers in this Journal (Williams et al ., 1987).
Crew Exploration Vehicle Ascent Abort Trajectory Analysis and Optimization

The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle is the first crewed capsule design to be developed by NASA since Project Apollo. Unlike Apollo, however, the CEV is being designed for service in both Lunar and International Space Station missions. Ascent aborts pose some issues that were not present for Apollo, due to its launch azimuth, nor Space Shuttle, due to its cross range capability. The requirement that a North Atlantic splashdown following an abort be avoidable, in conjunction with the requirement for overlapping abort modes to maximize crew survivability, drives the thrust level of the service module main engine. This paper summarizes 3DOF analysis conducted by NASA to aid in the determination of the appropriate propulsion system for the service module, and the appropriate propellant loading for ISS missions such that crew survivability is maximized.
The Source of Roald Dahl's “The Visitor”

(1999). The Source of Roald Dahl's “The Visitor”. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 34-36.
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ORIGIN OF COLCHICINE‐INDUCED TRUE‐BREEDING DIPLOID MUTANTS IN SORGHUM

SANDERS, MARY E., CLIFFORD J. FRANZKE, and JAMES G. Ross. (South Dakota State Coll., Brookings.) Influence of environmental factors on origin of colchicine-induced true-breeding diploid mutants in sorghum. Amier. Jour. Bot. 46(2): 119-125. Illus. 1959.-Factors involved in the induction of true-breeding diploid mutants following colchicine treatment of sorghum seedlings (line 'Experimental 3') were studied by growing untreated and treated seedlings in aseptic cultures under controlled conditions and examining mature plants and progenies for genetic changes. Factors found to increase rate of early growth and survival of treated seedlings are: use of agar media rather than quartz sand plus liquid media, presence of major minerals in the medium, and presence of up to 2% sucrose in the medium. The beneficial effect of sucrose is contingent upon the presence of major minerals. IAA from 0.01 p.p.m. to 0.1 p.p.m. increased rate of both root and top growth of treated seedlings during early development. Increased osmotic values of the mediuir increased early growth rate and survival of treated seedlings up to a concentration equivalent to 0.123 molar sucrose while early growth of control seedlings fell off with every increase in osmiotic v-alue. This shift in optimum osmotic value of the medium would seem to indicate an increase in the osmotic concentration of the tissues of colchicine-treated seedlings. Progeny tests of some of the treated plants from the culture experiments demonstrated that, out of 137, none were true-breeding diploid mutants. There were instances of polyploidy and minor changes, but the 2 treated plants which were the only obvious mutants gave progenies which segregated for many characters. Improved growing conditions for treated seedlings decreased the colchicine effect of induction of true-breeding diploid mutants as well as the colchicine effects of retarded seedling growth and
Ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting

Postoperative nausea and vomiting, both early onset and delayed, continues to be a major concern of patients and practitioners. Postoperative nausea and vomiting is recognized as a debilitating and potentially dangerous occurrence during the recovery period. Extensive studies of the serotonin subtype 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist ondansetron have demonstrated efficacy and safety in all age groups. Ondansetron has been shown to be most effective in preventing early postoperative vomiting in high-risk populations. Nausea and delayed postoperative nausea and vomiting are more effectively treated by combination therapies. Further understanding of patient-to-patient variability in the metabolism of ondansetron and the interaction of the different receptors in the nausea–vomiting neuroendocrine pathway may eventually greatly decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Feeding Rate of Young-of-the-Year Ruffe on Eggs of Lake Whitefish

ABSTRACT We measured the feeding rate of individual (0.6–12.2 g) young-of-the-year ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) on the live eggs of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) at 3, 5, and 9°C in the laboratory. These temperatures were selected because they covered the range of lake temperatures over which eggs of most Great Lakes coregonines would be most vulnerable to predation by ruffe. Ruffe readily consumed lake whitefish eggs, and regression analysis showed consumption increased with ruffe size and water temperature. Mean daily egg consumption as a percent of mean ruffe body weight was 0.25% at 3°C, 0.59% at 5°C, and 1.00% at 9°C.