cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron Interaction Cross Sections in Al and Al2O3; Calculations of Mean Free Paths, Stopping Powers, and Electron Slowing-Down Spectra

The prospects for obtaining better theoretical calculations of experimentally interesting electron interaction effects, over a wide range of electron energies, are now considerably improved through the development of models for valence electron excitation in simple insulators and through the availability of theoretical atomic generalized oscillator strengths for inner shell electron excitation in several low-Z atomic systems. We describe briefly the way in which this information may be used to calculate mean free paths, stopping powers, and electron slowing-down spectra in Al metal and the insulator Al2O3.
Preterm infant linear growth and adiposity gain: trade-offs for later weight status and intelligence quotient.

Objective To examine trade-offs between cognitive outcome and overweight/obesity in preterm-born infants at school age and young adulthood in relation to weight gain and linear growth during infancy. Study design We studied 945 participants in the Infant Health and Development Program, an 8-center study of preterm (≤37 weeks gestational age), low birth weight (≤2500 g) infants from birth to age 18 years. Adjusting for maternal and child factors in logistic regression, we estimated the odds of overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile at age 8 or ≥25 kg/m 2 at age 18) and in separate models, low IQ ( z -score changes in infant length and BMI from term to 4 months, from 4 to 12 months, and from 12 to 18 months. Results More rapid linear growth from term to 4 months was associated with lower odds of IQ Conclusion In these preterm, low birth weight infants born in the 1980s, faster linear growth soon after term was associated with better cognition, but also with a greater risk of overweight/obesity at age 8 years and 18 years. BMI gain over the entire 18 months after term was associated with later risk of overweight/obesity, with less evidence of a benefit for IQ.
Morphosynthesis of Nanostructured Polymer Gels by Polymerization within Reverse Hexagonal Mesophases

Free radical polymerization of divinyl benzene (DVB) and styrene (St) was performed within reverse hexagonal phases of the anionic surfactant bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT). The morphologies before and after polymerization were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), polarized light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Polarized light microscopy and SAXS show no significant changes in textures and order during polymerization. A detailed investigation of the polymer matrix after polymerization and removal of the template reveals the formation of regular micrometer-sized layerlike morphologies. The polymer layers have a hierarchical structure, as they consist of aligned strings of polymer beads with diameters of about 100 nm. Structure formation is directed by the lyotropic phase during polymerization-induced phase separation on a nanometer scale. A mechanism of morphosynthesis is discussed on the basis of characteristic distortions within liquid crystal...
An algorithm for the design of patient monitoring systems

Specialized care facilities must be extended to the small hospital if equality of medical care is to be available to all. The sophisticated patient monitoring systems, essential to the efficient operation of these facilities, are not cost effective for this class of hospital. This paper presents an algorithm for the cost-effective design of computerized monitoring systems. The algorithm takes into account the requirements of the medical staff, as well as the patient loading statistics for the hospital. It thus provides a means of adjusting the monitoring system to the specific needs of a given hospital.
Changing Etiology of Anastomotic Aneurysms

Anastomotic aneurysms in patients at the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center between 1974-1979 were analyzed to determine their etiol ogy. Thirty-nine aneurysms occurred in 29 patients w...
Photostick: a method for selective isolation of target cells from culture

Sorting of target cells from a heterogeneous pool is technically difficult when the selection criterion is complex, e.g. a dynamic response, a morphological feature, or a combination of multiple parameters. At present, mammalian cell selections are typically performed either via static fluorescence (e.g. fluorescence activated cell sorter), via survival (e.g. antibiotic resistance), or via serial operations (flow cytometry, laser capture microdissection). Here we present a simple protocol for selecting cells based on any static or dynamic property that can be identified by video microscopy and image processing. The “photostick” technique uses a cell-impermeant photochemical crosslinker and digital micromirror array-based patterned illumination to immobilize selected cells on the culture dish. Other cells are washed away with mild protease treatment. The crosslinker also labels the selected cells with a fluorescent dye and a biotin for later identification. The photostick protocol preserves cell viability, permits genetic profiling of selected cells, and can be performed with complex functional selection criteria such as neuronal firing patterns.
Subcellular localization of lipoxygenase and lipolytic acyl hydrolase enzymes in plants

Abstract The subeellular localization of two lipid-degrading enzymes, lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) and lipoxygenase (LOX) was studied. In potato tubers the ac
Ethnic Dance: The Origins of Jazz

(1988). Ethnic Dance: The Origins of Jazz. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 57-61.
a Surrogate-Parameter Approach to Modeling Groundwater Basins

: A surrrogate-prarmeter approach to modeling groundwater basins is presented, which has the following advantages over current simulation-type methods: (i) conducivness to modeling nonhomogeneous and nonisotropic basins; (ii) there is no need to guess boundary conditions if accurate information is not available; (iii) the model is amenable to systematic calibration or identification through the use of optimization techniques; and (iv) compatibility with systematic algorithms for analyzing a wide range of management strategies. Since the parameter identification problem is large-scale and nonconvex, it is decomposed through application of generalized duality theory, into several subproblems of smaller size which are solved independently a number of times in order to achieve an overall solution. Results are presented for a hypothetical system of four interacting wells.
Senescence and life span

Senescence is a general cellular process that occurs as a response to stress and damage. It forms an alternative response of cells to damage that might otherwise cause programmed cell death. Whereas telomere shortening leading to telomere dysfunction was the first described cause of senescence, it is now known that senescence can result from many sources of damage. Senescent cells are found in tissues in vivo, but the cause of senescence in these cells is mostly unknown. In many cases, senescence may be the result of the action of activated oncogenes in cells. By preventing activated oncogenes from initiating a clone of neoplastic cells, senescence acts as a protective mechanism against cancer development. Until recently, the fate of senescent cells in vivo was unknown, but new evidence indicates that they are cleared by components of the innate immune system. In this way, senescence and apoptosis act as parallel pathways by which severely damaged cells are eliminated from the body. Some senescent cells persist in tissues, in some cases increasing in frequency as a function of age. It is hypothesized that these persistent senescent cells have adverse effects on tissue function. If so, senescence may be an example of antagonistic pleiotropy, providing an anticancer mechanism in early life but having adverse effects on tissue function in late life. Much more research is needed to address the broader question of the overall impact of senescence on life span.
Convergence theorem for fuzzy martingales

Abstract We study fuzzy set-valued measures in a Banach space and their relationships to fuzzy random variables. Our main result is a convergence theorem for fuzzy martingales. Our tool is a Radon-Nikodym type theorem for fuzzy measures which are absolutely continuous with respect to probability measures.
Light-emitting diode device for display of numerical data on any ultrasound oscilloscope.

By removing the light emitting diode (LED) chips from a commercial compact calculator and reconnecting the LED chips by cable to the calculator, the author produced an inexpensive device to display numerical data on any ultrasound oscilloscope screen. The chip is clipped to the face of the oscilloscope and photographed as part of the Polaroid or 70mm scan. Eight digits and one symbol can be displayed showing date, patient number, decibel level and position of scan.
Resolved-Sideband Raman Cooling to the Ground State of an Optical Lattice

We trap neutral Cs atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice and cool them close to the zero point of motion by resolved-sideband Raman cooling. Sideband cooling occurs via transitions between the vibrational manifolds associated with a pair of magnetic sublevels, and the required Raman coupling is provided by the lattice potential itself. We obtain mean vibrational excitations ${\overline{n}}_{x}\ensuremath{\approx}{\overline{n}}_{y}l0.024$, corresponding to a population $g95%$ in the vibrational ground state. Atoms in the ground state of an optical lattice provide a new system in which to explore quantum state control and subrecoil laser cooling.
Design of a Compliant Energy Storage Impulse Mechanism for a Desktop Stapler

This paper outlines the research, design and testing of a compliant staple gun style mechanism for use in a desktop model stapler. A survey of existing staple gun style desktop staplers is used to create target specifications to design the new compliant stapler. The initial proof of concept satisfies the primary function and user specifications. Future iterations of the mechanism will be tested and designed to be capable of performing the repeated iteration of long term stapler use.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Discipline in the African American Community: The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Beliefs and Practices

Objective. To describe and compare disciplinary beliefs and practices among African American parents from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of self-identified African American parents of children Results. A total of 175 of the 189 parents who were approached for the study completed the survey for a participation rate of 92.5%. Middle/upper socioeconomic status (SES) parents in this study were more likely to be married (60.9% vs 14.7%), older (31.4 years vs 25 years), and more educated (80% having attended at least some college vs 34.4%) than lower SES parents. There were no significant differences between middle/upper and lower SES parents with regard to their belief in a preferred disciplinary method (teaching, spanking, removing) or approach (positive, negative). Lower SES parents were more likely to endorse spanking a 1- to 3-year-old child if they were doing something that was not safe (90.5% vs 78.3%). Middle/upper SES parents were significantly more likely to reward their child for positive behavior than lower SES parents (66.1% vs 47.1%). Conclusions. Lower and middle/upper SES parents in this study population were reasonably similar with respect to disciplinary beliefs and practices. Exceptions to this generalization were that lower SES parents were more likely to endorse spanking as a response to an unsafe behavior on the part of the child, and middle/upper SES parents reported higher levels of reward for positive behavior.
Yield Goal versus Delta Yield for Predicting Fertilizer Nitrogen Need in Corn

Fertilizer N needs of corn (Zea mays L.) vary widely both among and within fields. Many states use yield goal to help determine differences in fertilizer N need, but some states have questioned yield goal-derived recommendations because of the poor correlation of yield with fertilizer N need. In this study, data from 298 previously reported experiments in five states (Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) were combined to evaluate fertilizer N response of corn. Corn grain yield at the economically optimum N rate (EONR) was positively but poorly correlated with EONR (r 2 = 0.02). This was consistent with others who have observed that maximum or optimum economic yield is a poor predictor of EONR. Our analysis indicated N supplied by the soil and previous management reduced N need from that predicted by yield alone at most locations. Delta yield (grain yield at optimum N rate minus grain yield of the control) was a much better predictor of EONR at these same locations (r 2 = 0.47). A theoretically derived equation based on the delta yield concept was similarly capable of predicting EONR for corn. These results indicate that fertilizer recommendation systems that rely solely on yield or ignore yield entirely are limited to explaining less than 50% of the variation in EONR for corn. Farmers should be encouraged to monitor delta yield as a more effective indicator of EONR than actual yield. Greater understanding of the delta yield concept is needed before relying on it to predict fertilizer N requirements.
SU-FF-J-08: Evaluation of 4DCT and Soft-Tissue Registration in the Clinical Process for SBRT Patient Treatment

Purpose: Soft‐tissue‐based registrations are routinely performed for 3D alignment in SBRT. One approach often reported is to perform registration of the ITV (reconstructed over multiple phases of a 4D‐CT) with the daily, free‐breathing CBCT, using first bony‐landmark alignment followed by soft‐tissue matching. As the ITV and free‐breathing CBCT target volumes are both spatially and temporally different, alignment of them to determine daily shifts is questionable. We performed a study to compare the 4D‐ITV with the free‐breathing CBCT target volume to assess the extent of differences in these volumes, ultimately to determine whether soft‐tissue matching is beneficial or desirable. Method and Materials: Free‐breathing helical and 4D‐CT scans (4 phases sorted retrospectively) were acquired on a Philips, 16‐slice 4D‐CT scanner. KV‐CBCT scans were then acquired on the treatment unit using the on‐board‐imager. 3D/3D auto matches (between the CBCT and ITV) were performed analogously to daily setup for SBRT patients. Multiple 4D‐CT scans were then acquired to sample the interplay between breathing phase and starting point of the helical scan and to determine the influence of this interplay on the reconstructed ITV. Results: The calculated shift from registration of 5 CBCT scans using a structure VOI showed a variation of up to 3mm. CBCT volumes were significantly smaller than the ITV but were always enveloped within the ITV; the center‐of‐mass location of the CBCT volume within the ITV varied between CBCT scans up to 3mm. Target volume differences were also noted between the free‐breathing CT and CBCT scans, due to increased volume averaging with CBCT.Conclusions: Daily shifts determined using soft‐tissue alignment of 4D‐ITV and CBCT and may introduce a source of systematic error in the delivery process, which may not be properly accounted for in the ITV‐to‐PTV margin design. Based on these, albeit preliminary findings, we are considering modifying our clinical procedures.
The impact of carbon sp2 fraction of reduced graphene oxide on the performance of reduced graphene oxide contacted organic transistors

One of the major bottlenecks in fabricating high performance organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is a large interfacial contact barrier between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors (OSCs) which makes the charge injection inefficient. Recently, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been suggested as an alternative electrode material for OFETs. RGO has tunable electronic properties and its conductivity can be varied by several orders of magnitude by varying the carbon sp2 fraction. However, whether the sp2 fraction of RGO in the electrode affects the performance of the fabricated OFETs is yet to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the performance of OFETs with pentacene as OSC and RGO as electrode can be continuously improved by increasing the carbon sp2 fraction of RGO. When compared to control palladium electrodes, the mobility of the OFETs shows an improvement of ∼200% for 61% sp2 fraction RGO, which further improves to ∼500% for 80% RGO electrode. Similar improvements were also observed in current on-off ratio, on-current, and transconductance. Our study suggests that, in addition to π-π interaction at RGO/pentacene interface, the tunable electronic properties of RGO electrode have a significant role in OFETs performance.
Mask metrology system XY-5i for 256-Mbit DRAM

As semiconductor LSI has become highly more integrated and its chip's pattern has become much finer, it shall be demanded in mask production to position the pattern even more accurately than ever. To meet the mask metrology requirements for future LSI designs, Nikon Corporation has developed the XY-5i. In this paper, first, we present the required accuracy for reticle and the required accuracy for the metrology system in each DRAM generation. Then we present the main specifications of the XY-5i. Second, we will explain the new technologies which are introduced so as to improve the coordinate measurement repeatability. And the performance will be demonstrated with actual measurement data from the XY-5i. Third, we will explain the new flexure compensation and the mirror bow compensation, which are introduced in order to improve coordinate nominal accuracy. The effectiveness of these compensations is shown with actual data in this paper.
Role of amniotic fluid homocysteine level and of fetal 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrafolate reductase genotype in the etiology of neural tube defects.

A mutation in the gene 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), leading to altered homocysteine metabolism, has been identified in parents and fetuses with fetal neural tube defects. We sought to determine which is of greater importance in fetal neural tube defect formation: the fetal MTHFR mutation or elevated amniotic fluid homocysteine level. We retrieved stored amniotic fluid from cases of isolated fetal neural tube defect diagnosed from 1988 to 1998 (n = 80), and from normal controls matched for race, month and year of amniocentesis, and maternal age. The presence or absence of the 677C-->T mutation of MTHFR was determined and homocysteine levels were measured; cases and controls were compared. Significantly more cases than controls were heterozygous or homozygous for the 677C-->T MTHFR mutation (44% vs 17%, P 1.85 micromol per liter); 27% vs 10%, P = 0.02. Thirty one cases and 12 controls had an abnormal genotype; however, amniotic fluid homocysteine levels were not significantly different between these two groups (6/31, or 19% of cases had an elevated homocysteine compared to 1/12, or 8% of controls; P = 0.65). In contrast, 40 cases and 60 controls had a normal genotype; the neural tube defect cases had significantly higher homocysteine levels (13/40, or 32% of cases had an elevated homocysteine level compared to only 6/60, or 10% of controls; P = 0.008). Although both abnormal fetal MTHFR genotype and abnormal amniotic fluid homocysteine concentration are significantly associated with neural tube defects, the association with amniotic fluid homocysteine concentration is significant regardless of the fetal MTHFR genotype. The relationship between maternal and fetal homocysteine metabolism is complex.
Planning student laboratories—what isn't new?

Planning a computer lab is a complex project on any campus. Most planners start from scratch because either they aren't aware that others have done it already, they believe that their situation is unique or they just don't have time to investigate efforts elsewhere. Even when planning a second lab, technical, political and environmental constraints change so much that the methods used for the first lab do not apply to the second.Columbia University Center for Computing Activities (CUCCA) is in the process of planning its second computer lab. The lessons we learned in designing and operating our first lab did not necessarily help us in the second. However, in searching for issues that are common to planning any computer lab, we have found ways to plan for the unexpected: changing technology, new faculty requests, even a change in location. Instead of basing our planning on new considerations that differed from our first lab, we ended up defining issues that are common to any lab and creating a framework to accommodate the myriad of changing constraints that make every lab unique.Our framework has helped us answer some of the questions that many lab planners face. In designing the space, what layout will make it usable for both a classroom and a laboratory? In the budgeting process, how do the capital costs of installing a lab affect the continuing costs of operating it? What are the operational problems in a large lab? For upgrading facilities and growth, how does the choice of hardware and software fit into the plans for future services? How can the work be scheduled to least interfere with the present level of services?Although planning is still a complex process, the guidelines presented in this paper will provide useful information for lab planners at every level. In fact at Columbia, where microcomputing has spurred the development of departmental labs, lab planning referrals have become one of the services provided by our group. Once the issues are outlined and the possibilities are presented, informed choices can be made to create a facility to meet the needs for the chosen user population.
Occurrence of positive immunofluorescence in the dermo-epidermal junction of sun-exposed skin of normal adults

A bright, continuous, granular deposition of immunoreactants at the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) of lesional skin is highly suggestive of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE). A recent study of the direct immunofluorescence (IF) of sun-exposed skin in normal adults has demonstrated findings similar to the bright, continuous granular pattern found in cutaneous LE. This data suggests that positive IF from sun-exposed cutaneous lupus lesions is nonspecific. Forty-one healthy adults, without a history of dermatoses or photosensitivity, presenting to the dermatology clinic for the excision of skin cancers were studied. Excess non-lesional tissue, removed from Moh's excision sites (sun-exposed face and neck) in order to obtain appropriate cosmetic closure, was examined for the deposition of immunoreactants. The specimens were incubated with fluoresceinated monovalent anti-human immunoglobulin specific for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, Clq, and fibrinogen and examined independently by 2 immunodermatologists without prior knowledge of patient or site. None of the samples demonstrated immunoreactant deposition consistent with cutaneous LE. IF of several specimens (21/41) had a weak (1+ or 2+), interrupted pattern of fibrinogen at the DEJ,--a common, non-specific finding. Weak, interrupted, linear and granular patterns were seen with IgM (10/41), Clq (9/41), IgG (2/41), IgA (2/41), and C3 (1/41). Fibrinogen was the only immunoreactant demonstrating a bright (3+), continuous, granular pattern (4/41). This data suggests that sun-exposure alone does not induce the deposition of immunoreactants at the DEJ in a pattern similar to that found in cutaneous LE.
The Effect of the Exhaust Pipe Arrangement on Motorcycle Engine Acoustics

This paper uses a commercial CAE software GT-POWER to simulate the V-twin cylinder motorcycle engine exhaust acoustics. Ten different engine exhaust pipes with equal and unequal length and with or without arc connecting tube are designed. The engine performance and tailpipe exhaust noise on nineteen different engine speeds from 1000rpm to 10000rpm in wide-open throttle are studied. It is found that the effect of exhaust pipe configuration on the engine performance appears to be negligible. The tailpipe exhaust flow rate will be reduced and the overall sound level will bring down as the arc tube is connected to the exhaust front pipes. Also, the equal pipe length adapted with arc tube design gives a major function on pressure attenuation which may reduce the noise level significantly. The results may be useful for exhaust pipe design.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Stimulation of tissue plasminogen activator by denatured proteins and fibrin clots: A possible additional role for plasminogen activator?

Abstract Purified plasminogen activator from pig heart displays weak activity toward plasminogen, with or without detergents present. The activation rate is enhanced at least 50 times upon addition of low concentrations (1 μg/ml) of many proteins following their denaturation by acid, base, or heat. No native proteins, at concentrations up to 10 mg/ ml, enhanced plasminogen activator activity. The degree of enhancement by many denatured proteins was as great as that caused by the presence of a fibrin clot, and occurred at lower protein concentrations. Similar observations with activators from human vena cava and cadaver perfusate suggest that the effect is probably general to tissue activators. None of the denatured proteins examined enhanced the activity of urokinase, streptokinase, staphylokinase, or plasmin. Small proteins known to renature rapidly, such as RNAse, and highly ordered structural proteins, such as collagen and keratin, could not be converted to stimulators of plasminogen activators by treatment with acid or base. If, as appears likely, plasminogen activator can indeed recognize and be stimulated by misfolded proteins, a possible role in selective catabolism of damaged protein in general, not solely fibrin clots, is evident. If the nature of the stimulatory peptide grouping can be elucidated, plasminogen activator may also be a valuable tool both for study of protein denaturation and clarification of the clot stimulatory effect in fibrinolysis.
Blood aluminum levels as a function of aluminum intake from drinking water.

Questions regarding the health effects of aluminum are still unanswered. The speciation, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of aluminum are not well understood. Furthermore, no animal or human studies of aluminum absorption have been reported using drinking water as the source of aluminum. The following experiment attempted to reach a better understanding of the bioavailability of aluminum from drinking water. Its objective was to determine whether or not increased aluminum ingestion from drinking water would be reflected in increased serum and whole blood aluminum levels in the baboon experimental model.
Secure Flow-Through Provisioning Model in Distributed Network Management Systems

Operation support system (OSS) operates on 24times7 basis managing fault, configuration, accounting, performance and security operations from various network elements in a VoIP network. In traditional telephony systems there was a single point of connection from the OSS to the switch. Today VoIP networks are multi-vendor based distributed systems handling voice, data and multimedia content with multiple network elements and element management systems. Service providers expect a carrier grade quality system with single interface from OSS and a transparent flow through configuration management and provisioning system in VoIP networks. The challenge to network vendors and OSS service providers is to provide and end-to-end intelligent flow-through provisioning system across the various network elements and management systems. This paper describes practical tested architecture principles, design and emerging trends of flow-through provisioning system that is scalable and secure to serve millions of customers in a VoIP network
Interaction of methane and carbon monoxide with oxygen adspecies on Ni(111)

Abstract The elementary step in the surface-catalyzed oxidation of methane was investigated by studying the reaction kinetics of chemisorbed oxygen on Ni(111) with gaseous methane over a temperature range from 423 to 573 K. The rates of disappearance of oxygen aadatoms at specified initial surface densities was monitored by means of Auger electron spectroscopy. At oxygen coverages of less than 1 4 of a monolayer, the rate of surface oxygen removal was of first order. The reaction was more rapid with methane than with carbon monoxide under the same conditions of temperature and reactant concentration. The activation energies were found to be 25±2 kJ mol−1 for methane, and 30±2 kJ mol−1 for carbon monoxide. At oxygen coverages greater than 1 2 of a monolayer, the rates of oxygen removal were reduced significantly. This decline in reaction rate reflects the change in surface coordination of the oxygen adspecies. In comparison with an oxygen-free Ni(111) surface, the presence of oxygen adatoms is highly effective in activating methane.
Striking a nerve

ABSTRACT In this final word on the special issue on the American school of international political economy (IPE), I reflect on four questions raised by the contributing authors. First, to what extent is there a transatlantic divide in IPE? Second, what is the difference between the American and British schools of IPE? Third, what are the strengths of each school? Fourth, what can and should be done about the divide?
"I mell a kunk!" --Evidence that children have more complex representations of word pronunciations which they simplify.

A case study is reported in which a child (3 years; 4 months old) who produced, forms such as mell and kunk (for smell and skunk, respectively) was asked to choose between his own forms and correct forms in a comprehension task. The results demonstrate that the child understood the correct forms to be the correct forms, suggesting that the child had greater competence than performance in regard to these phonological forms.
Adrenal Changes in Animals Bearing Transplanted Tumors.

The purpose of this preliminary note is to report the changes observed in the adrenal and thymus glands of mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumors. This study was undertaken in view of the accumulating evidence suggesting adrenal dysfunction in animals (1, 2, 4, 8) and in patients (5, 6, 9) with neoplastic growths. ascorbic acid levels, together with the standard errors, are given in Table 1. The values for the adrenals refer to both glands. The values listed in Table 1 indicate that with increasing tumor size there is a progressive adrenal hypertrophy and thymus involution, the latter apparently reaching a minimum at the 9th day following implantation. A significant lowering of the ascorbic acid of the adrenal becomes apparent on the 9th day and continues to drop on the 12th day, evidently tending toward a lower level which would coincide with the death of the animals on or about the 15th day (11). The excessively high adrenal weights in the 12-day control group are probably due to coincidence with a change in the estrus cycle
Translumbar high inferior vena cava access placement in patients with thrombosed inferior vena cava filters.

Venous access is a dire necessity in some patients such as those with end-stage renal disease or short gut syndrome. The right internal jugular vein is the preferred entry site for tunneled central venous catheters. Alternatively, the left internal jugular is considered next, with the external jugular and subclavian veins being considered later. Catheterrelated venous stenosis approaches 40% in certain sites, resulting in loss of access sites. As sites are lost, insertion of functional long-term central venous catheters becomes challenging. Translumbar inferior vena cava (IVC) access created in two patients with limited venous access sites who had thrombosed IVCs containing IVC filters is described. Because of the higher IVC punctures in these cases, procedural planning with cross-sectional imaging is crucial to avoid puncturing the right renal artery as it passes posterior to the IVC.
Introducing a Real‐Life Situation into the Foreign Language Classroom

experience! The basic steps involved in the sending and receiving of mail in your own classroom can provide a valuable means of helping your students develop their communicative skills in a foreign language. Why not, then, incorporate such an exercise into a language lesson that will prepare your students to deal effectively on a practical level with a real-life situation? In an earlier article I referred to a series of
Anti-lipolytic effects of β-hydroxybutyrate

Abstract The addition of β-hydroxybutyrate to epididymal fat incubated in vitro reduced the production of glycerol and free fatty acids. Inhibition of lipolysis was maximal (∼ 30%) when physiologic concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (0.1 mg./ml.) were added to tissues obtained from fasting rats. At a concentration of 10 mg./ml., β-hydroxybutyrate also abolished lipolysis in response to 0.05 μg./ml. epinephrine and severely reduced the lipolytic effects of ACTH (1 μg./ml.), TSH (25 mU/ml.) and glucagon (10 μg./ml.). Increasing the concentration of epinephrine produced a progressive but significantly lesser lipolytic response in β-hydroxybutyrate treated (10 mg./ml.) than in control tissues. β-hydroxybutyrate, 10 mg./ml., abolished the lipolytic response to theophylline (0.54 mg./ml.), but did not inhibit the lipolytic response to exogenous cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (CAMP) in the presence of theophylline. These results are consistent with the concept that β-hydroxbutyrate may modulate the production of fatty acids during fasting and suggest that the antagonism of epinephrine-induced lipolysis may result from inhibition of CAMP formation in adipose tissue.
Interfacial Energetics of Silicon in Contact with 11 M NH4F(aq), Buffered HF(aq), 27 M HF(aq), and 18 M H2SO4

Open-circuit impedance spectra, channel impedance spectroscopy on solution-gated field-effect devices, and differential capacitance vs potential (Mott−Schottky) measurements were used to determine the energetics of n-Si(111), n-Si(100), and p-Si(111) electrodes in contact with aqueous 11 M (40% by weight) NH_4F, buffered HF (BHF), 27 M (48%) HF(aq), and concentrated (18 M) H_2SO_4. A Mott−Schottky analysis of A_s^2C_(sc)^(-2)-vs-E (where As is the interfacial area, and C_(sc) is the differential capacitance as a function of the electrode potential, E) data yielded reliable barrier heights for some silicon/liquid contacts in this work. Performing a Mott−Schottky analysis, however, requires measurement of the differential capacitance under reverse bias, where oxidation or etching can occur for n-Si and where electroplating of metal contaminants can occur for p-Si. Hence, open-circuit methods would offer desirable, complementary approaches to probing the energetics of such contacts. Accordingly, open-circuit, near-surface channel conductance measurements have been performed using solution-gated n^+-p-Si(111)-n^+ and p^+-n-Si(100)-p^+ devices. Additionally, open-circuit impedance spectra were obtained for silicon electrodes in contact with these solutions. The combination of the three techniques indicated that the surfaces of n-Si(111) and n-Si(100) were under accumulation when in contact with either 11 M NH_4F(aq) or BHF(aq). The barrier heights for n-Si(111) and n-Si(100) in 11 M NH_4F(aq) were −0.065 ± 0.084 V and −0.20 ± 0.21 V, respectively, and were −0.03 ± 0.19 V and −0.07 ± 0.24 V, respectively, for these surfaces in contact with buffered HF(aq). Consistently, p-Si(111) surfaces were determined to be in inversion in contact with these electrolytes, exhibiting barrier heights of 0.984 ± 0.078 V in contact with 11 M NH_4F(aq) and 0.97 ± 0.22 V in contact with buffered HF(aq). In contact with 27 M HF(aq), n-Si(111) and n-Si(100) were in depletion, with barrier heights of 0.577 ± 0.038 V and 0.400 ± 0.057 V, respectively, and p-Si(111) was under inversion with a barrier height of 0.856 ± 0.076 V. Measurements performed in 18 M H_2SO_4 revealed barrier heights of 0.75 ± 0.11 V, 0.696 ± 0.043 V, and 0.889 ± 0.018 V for n-Si(111), n-Si(100), and p-Si(111), respectively, demonstrating that in 18 M H_2SO_4, the band edge positions of Si were different for different doping types. The barrier height data demonstrate that the observed low recombination rates of silicon in contact with 11 M NH_4F, BHF, or 18 M H_2SO_4 cannot necessarily be attributed to a reduction in the number of surface trap states. In part, low surface recombination rates are expected for such systems because the very large or very small barrier height for silicon in contact with these liquids provides a potential barrier that prevents one type of photogenerated carrier (either electrons or holes) from reaching the surface, thereby producing a low steady-state surface recombination rate.
Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pUL83 inhibits IFI16-mediated DNA sensing for immune evasion

Summary Nuclear sensing of viral DNA has emerged as an essential step in innate immune responses against herpesviruses. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into host recognition of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and subsequent immune evasion by this prominent DNA virus. We establish that the interferon-inducible protein IFI16 acts as a nuclear DNA sensor following HCMV infection, binding viral DNA and triggering expression of antiviral cytokines via the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. The HCMV tegument protein pUL83 inhibits this response by interacting with the IFI16 pyrin domain, blocking its oligomerization upon DNA sensing and subsequent immune signals. pUL83 disrupts IFI16 by concerted action of its N- and C-terminal domains, in which an evolutionarily conserved N-terminal pyrin association domain (PAD) binds IFI16. Additionally, phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain modulates pUL83-mediated inhibition of pyrin aggregation. Collectively, our data elucidate the interplay between host DNA sensing and HCMV immune evasion, providing targets for restoring antiviral immunity.
Correlation of Study Methods Assessing Gastroesophageal Reflux Induced Laryngeal Inflammation

Correlation of Study Methods Assessing Gastroesophageal Reflux Induced Laryngeal Inflammation
Fusion of Information for Sensor Self-Localization by a Monte Carlo Method

We propose a distributed algorithm for sensor localization using beacon nodes. In this algorithm, beacon nodes broadcast distributions which contain information about their location. Nearby sensor nodes with unknown location information use this transmitted information and received beacon signal characteristics to estimate their positions. Sensors that estimate their positions become new beacons. A Monte Carlo method known as Importance Sampling is used for fusing these distributions and for obtaining approximations of the posterior distributions of the sensor locations. We also compute the Bayesian Cramer-Rao bounds for self-localization of sensors and study the impact of the beacons' prior location information and other system parameters. We analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm through computer simulations and compare it with numerically obtained bounds.
Virtual Instrument Simulator for CERES

A benchtop virtual instrument simulator for CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System) has been built at NASA, Langley Research Center in Hampton, VA. The CERES instruments will fly on several earth orbiting platforms notably NASDA's Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) and NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites. CERES measures top of the atmosphere radiative fluxes using microprocessor controlled scanning radiometers. The CERES Virtual Instrument Simulator consists of electronic circuitry identical to the flight unit's twin microprocessors and telemetry interface to the supporting spacecraft electronics and two personal computers (PC) connected to the I/O ports that control azimuth and elevation gimbals. Software consists of the unmodified TRW developed Flight Code and Ground Support Software which serves as the instrument monitor and NASA/TRW developed engineering models of the scanners. The CERES Instrument Simulator will serve as a testbed for testing of custom instrument commands intended to solve in-flight anomalies of the instruments which could arise during the CERES mission. One of the supporting computers supports the telemetry display which monitors the simulator microprocessors during the development and testing of custom instrument commands. The CERES engineering development software models have been modified to provide a virtual instrument running on a second supporting computer linked in real time to the instrument flight microprocessor control ports. The CERES Instrument Simulator will be used to verify memory uploads by the CERES Flight Operations TEAM at NASA. Plots of the virtual scanner models match the actual instrument scan plots. A high speed logic analyzer has been used to track the performance of the flight microprocessor. The concept of using an identical but non-flight qualified microprocessor and electronics ensemble linked to a virtual instrument with identical system software affords a relatively inexpensive simulation system capable of high fidelity.
Comparison of acute and chronic ethanol administration on rates of ethanol elmination in the rat in vivo

Abstract Rats were treated with ethanol employing both acute (one 6.5 g/kg dose or three 5.0 g/kg doses) and chronic (40 days treatment with the Porta diet) models. The magnitude of the increase in the rate of ethanol elimination with all three methods of treatment was similar (52–79 per cent). Furthermore, the increased rate persisted after removal of ethanol for the same time intervals irrespective of the method of treatment. The half-time of the decline was between 20 and 24 hr with all methods. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that increases in ethanol elimination due to acute as well as chronic treatment with alcohol are mediated via similar mechanisms.
Problem of the isoscalar axial-vector current in neutral-current phenomenology

The matrix element of the isoscalar axial-vector current between nucleon states is not simply related to the corresponding coupling constant appropriate for analyzing inclusive reactions. The consequences for the theoretical analysis of elastic neutrino-proton scattering and of parity violation in atomic hydrogen and deuterium are discussed.
Evaluation of ivermectin at an elevated dose against encysted equine cyathostome larvae

The efficacy of a high dose of ivermectin (1.0 mg per kg Eqvalan liquid drench) on encysted cyathostomes was tested in a controlled study using 12 adult ponies with naturally acquired cyathostome infections. Six treated ponies and six non-treated controls were held in separate stalls for a period of 5 weeks. Cyathostome burdens, which included lumenal larvae, adults and encysted larvae, were determined at necropsy. The viability of encysted larvae, based on morphologic integrity, was assessed by observation of mural transillumination and by the histologic appearance of 12 larvae per pony. Efficacy against adult cyathostomes was 99.9%. Lumenal cyathostome larval numbers were reduced by 87%. Numbers of encysted cyathostome larvae, identified by transillumination of the large intestine, were reduced by 35%. However, this reduction was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) and differences in viability of encysted larvae were not observed. The data strongly indicated that ivermectin has little demonstrable effect on encysted equine cyathostomes.
LEONARDO “PEPE” AUERNHEIMER

(2011). Leonardo “Pepe” Auernheimer. Journal of Applied Economics: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. I-III.
HYDROGEN-HYDROGEN/DEUTERIUM-DEUTERIUM BONDING IN PALLADIUM AND THE SUPERCONDUCTING/ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PdHx/PdDx

A common quantum-chemical origin of superconductivity and anomalous electrochemical properties of hydrogen/deuterium in palladium is proposed, based on the presence of an interstitial “network” of delocalized H-H/D-D sσ-bonding molecular orbitals at the Fermi energy. Dynamic Jahn-Teller oscillations of the protons/deuterons (“optical phonons”) promote electron pairing and superconductivity at low temperature, while they could be a principal source of electrochemically induced heat from Pd electrodes. “Cold” nuclear fusion in Pd might also be promoted by such D-D oscillations, but at an extremely low rate and with insignificant heat production.
The Unusual Channel Resistance of the Texas Hill Country and its Effect on Flood Flow Predictions

The importance of hydraulic roughness estimates in modeling river flow cannot be overstated. Spatial and temporal variation of flow resistance can have a dramatic effect on the prediction of floodplain width, depth, and other hydraulic properties. The Texas Hill Country, a physiographic region of uplifted and differentially eroded limestone in south-central Texas, is the site of considerably heterogeneous fluvial forms and processes. Predictions of the spatial extent of floods in this area are difficult given this topographic and fluvial heterogeneity. In this report, we present a new method to extract spatial maps of hydraulic roughness using channel geometry and newly accessible USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) data. We use these data to construct maps of hydraulic roughness at different discharges and to test roughness prediction methods suggested by previous authors. Our method for extracting roughness values is general and should be applicable in most areas of the United States. The patt...
A novel dynamic graph-based computational model for predicting salivary gland branching morphogenesis

In this paper, we introduce a biologically motivated dynamic graph-based growth model to describe and predict the stages of cleft formation during the process of branching morphogenesis in the submandibular mouse gland (SMG) from 3 hrs after embryonic day E12 to 8 hrs after embryonic day E12, which can be considered as E12.5. Branching morphogenesis is the process by which many mammalian exocrine and endocrine glands undergo significant morphological transformations, from a primary bud to an adult organ. Although many studies have investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving branching morphogenesis, it is not clear how the shape changes that are inherent to establishing organ structure are produced. Using morphological features extracted from sequential images of SMG organ cultures we were able to develop a dynamic graph-based predictive model that is able to mimic the process of cleft formation and predict the final state. In addition, we compare our model to a state-of-the-art Glazier-Graner-Hogeweg (GGH) simulative tool, and demonstrate that the dynamic graph-based predictive model has comparable accuracy in modeling growth of clefts across SMG developmental stages, as well as faster convergence to the target SMG morphology.