cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and in control subjects with HLA-B8/-DR3

Abstract purpose: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction as measured by the presence of overt thyroid disease, abnormal results of thyroid function tests, or antithyroid antibodies was compared in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and a normal control group who had the HLA-B8/-DR3 haplotype. patients and methods: The study population consisted of 56 patients with DH and 26 control subjects with the HLA-B8/-DR3 haplotype. All were examined for thyroid function abnormalities and thyroid autoantibodies. results: Patients with DH had a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function test results and autoantibodies: 32% versus 4% for controls (Z = 2.01, p 2 = 6.55, p conclusions: The findings suggest that thyroid disease is independently associated with DH. Examination of patients with DH should include thyroid function tests along with assays for antithyroid antibodies.
SU-GG-I-03: Self-Assessment as a Strategy to Improve Performance of Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Breast Ultrasound

Purpose: The aim of this work was to develop and apply a computerized auto‐assessment method in which a computer‐aided diagnosis(CADx) system itself provides a level of confidence for its output for each radiologist‐identified lesion. Method and Materials: We investigated the potential of computer‐derived confidence levels both 1) as an output aid to radiologists indicating a confidence level for the computer‐estimated probability of malignancy and 2) as an automated method to improve the computer classification performance — in the task of differentiating between cancerous and benign lesions — without eliminating any lesions from the database. For the former, the CADxcancer classification performance was assessed within 3 confidence categories where each category included a range of confidence levels. For the latter, the computer‐derived confidence levels were used as an automated criterion in the determination of the computer‐estimated probability of malignancy for each actual lesion based on probabilities obtained from different views. The stand‐alone computer performance was assessed within a leave‐one‐case‐out protocol using a database of sonographic images from 542 patients (19% cancer prevalence). Results: The classification performance increased substantially from an area under the ROC curve (AUC value) of 0.66 to 0.72 to 0.92 for confidence categories ‘Poor’, ‘Fair’ and ‘Good’, respectively. The use of the auto‐assessment method in an automated classification‐improvement protocol resulted in a modest but statistically significant increase in the AUC value with respect to the performance obtained using the ‘traditional’ CADx approach, increasing the AUC value from 0.89 to 0.90 (p‐value 0.03) for the entire database.Conclusion: We believe that computer‐provided confidence levels may be helpful to radiologists who are using CADx output in diagnosticimage interpretation. Conflict of Interest: This work is supported in parts by the NIH. Some authors stockholders of, grant support of, and/or royalties from R2 Technology/Hologic Inc.
Coarse-Grained Parallel Algorithms for Multi-DimensionalWavelet Transforms

This paper presents parallel algorithms for computing multi-dimensional wavelet transforms on both shared memory and distributed memory machines. Traditional data partitioning methods for n-dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWTs) call for data redistribution once a one dimensional wavelet transform is computed along each dimension. To avoid the data communication inherent in this redistribution, two new partitioning methods called CRBP (Communication Reduced Block Partitioning) and CRLP (Communication Reduced Layer Partitioning) are proposed. The efficiency of the algorithms is compared through several examples implemented on a cluster of SGI workstations. Two kinds of parallel approaches are used to compute multi-dimensional wavelet transforms on shared memory machines: homogeneous parallelism, and heterogeneous parallelism. Homogeneous parallelism uses traditional data partitioning while heterogeneous parallelism uses the CRBP approach. The effectiveness of these approaches is demonstrated through several examples implemented on an SGI Power Challenge. The paper discusses the effectiveness of each of the approaches on the two kinds of architectures.
Transduction of a non-photic cue: from the auditory system to a neuroendocrine response?

Decades of research have shown that exposure to social signals such as conspecific song enhances reproductive function in birds. How such signals are processed by the brain, and particularly how these signals are transduced into an endocrine response, is not well understood in songbirds. Here, we review evidence that in birds, social cues such as song induce in the brain a response that is in many ways similar to the response to photostimulation. Using the expression of immediate early genes to map neuronal responses to environmental cues, we and others have shown that the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) undergoes significant changes in patterns of neuronal activity in response to both photic and social cues. Thus, this brain region may participate in a final common pathway for the transduction of both kinds of cues into an endocrine response. Interestingly, female songbirds require prior photostimulation in order to respond either behaviorally or hormonally to hearing male song. We propose that this requirement involves the need for both the MBH and the auditory system to be primed with estrogen in order for auditory cues to initiate an endocrine response, and we present new evidence consistent with this hypothesis.
Poster: Evaluating Asynchrony in Gibraltar RAID's GPU Reed-Solomon Coding Library

GPU has been utilized for Reed Solomon coding tasks for arbitrary (k+n) RAID system. In this project, we apply the asynchronous design with CUDA in order to run multiple coding tasks simultaneously. Results show significant performance boosts for small block coding tasks by concurrent kernels.
Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of transvenous catheter embolectomy for massive embolism

Abstract Persistent pulmonary dysfunction, noted clinically and experimentally following open and transvenous pulmonary embolectomy, was studied in 20 dogs subjected to acute muscle strip embolism to elevate mean pulmonary arterial pressures above 40 mm Hg. Five of twelve control dogs died from embolism within 24 hr. Immediate extraction of the emboli by an improved transvenous catheter techniques was possible in eight animals. In this group, hemodynamics and respiratory gas exchange returned to control levels and continued to improve after 24 hr despite the fact that five dogs had one residual embolus which could not be removed. The explanation for the reversibility of the abnormalities and for further significant decreases in pulmonary arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance after 24 hr remains uncertain but may be related to more expeditious embolectomy by the steerable catheter. Although the time intervals used experimentally between embolism and embolectomy are unrealistic in clinical circumstances, it seems likely that the ability to remove pulmonary emboli rapidly in the critically ill patient will decrease the likelihood of prolonged pulmonary dysfunction following acute thromboembolism.
Management of psychotic pregnantpatients in a medical-psychiatricunit

Abstract All psychotic pregnant patients requiring psychiatric treatment in a general hospital were admitted to a medical-psychiatric unit (MPU). During a three-year period, ten patients (11 pregnancies) received care that included psychotherapy and antipsychotic medication as well as psychosocial and educational interventions. The protection of mother and fetus, clinical stabilization, and coordination of psychiatric, obstetric, and perinatal care were achieved successfully in all cases. However, attempts to educate the patients in family planning and birth control were largely unsuccessful. The clinical observations suggest that an MPU can adapt readily to providing comprehensive care to such patients.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. VI. Results of treatment in childhood

A retrospective study was undertaken reviewing records of all children seen in the Division of Radiation Therapy at Stanford University Hospital between 1961 and 1971 with a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Of 41 patients who had been originally diagnosed as having a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a diagnosis was confirmed in only 32. Two cases were interpreted as malignant histiocytosis, and 7 other patients were diagnosed as having Hodgkin's disease. Of the 32 patients with a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, all but 1 had lymphoma of the diffuse type, with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma being the most common histologic diagnosis. Lymphangiography was attempted in all but 1 patient. Fifty-five percent of Stage I patients and 38% of Stage II patients are alive and free of disease more than 2 years after the completion of radiation therapy alone. There were no relapses seen after 12 months. Bone marrow involvement was seen in 5 patients at presentation and developed in an additional 8 patients following the initiation of radiation therapy.
The impact of a brief tobacco-use cessation intervention in public health dental clinics

ABSTRACT Background Public health dental clinic patients use tobacco at disproportionately high rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a tobacco-use cessation program delivered via public health dental practitioners. Methods Two public health dental clinics participated in this quasiexperimental design study. First, all patients in one clinic who used tobacco (n = 178) received usual care. Next, the authors trained all practitioners to conduct a tobacco-use assessment and provide a brief cessation intervention. Subsequently, all patients in both clinics who used tobacco (N = 190) received the intervention. All enrolled patients had an income at or below the federal poverty level. The authors conducted follow-up assessments at six weeks and three and six months after enrollment. Results Differences in self-reported quitting by condition between participants in the two groups were significant across all endpoints. Patients in the intervention group were more likely to quit than those receiving usual care (15.5 versus 4.3 percent) and after 12 months (18.8 versus 4.6 percent). Controlling for enrollment differences between patients in the two groups (age, race/ethnicity, time to first cigarette after waking), the authors found that differences between groups were significant for quitting at three months ( P P Conclusions The results of this study suggest the viability and effectiveness of delivering a tobacco intervention to low-income smokers via public dental practitioners. A randomized clinical trial is warranted. Clinical Implications The potential reach of public health dental clinics is great. Because of the high percentage of tobacco-using patients in these clinics, the public health impact of a program such as the one reported here would be significant.
Clinical Comparison of Automatic, Noninvasive Measurements of Blood Pressure in the Forearm and Upper Arm

BACKGROUND When the upper arm (area from shoulder to elbow) is inaccessible and/or a standard-sized blood pressure cuff does not fit, some healthcare workers use the forearm to measure blood pressure. OBJECTIVE To compare automatic noninvasive measurements of blood pressure in the upper arm and forearm. METHODS A descriptive, correlational comparison study was conducted in the emergency department of a 1071-bed teaching hospital. Subjects were 204 English-speaking patients 6 to 91 years old in medically stable condition who had entered the department on foot or by wheelchair and who had no exclusions to using their left upper extremity. A Welch Allyn Vital Signs 420 series monitor was used to measure blood pressure in the left upper arm and forearm with the subject seated and the upper arm or forearm at heart level. RESULTS Pearson r correlation coefficients between measurements in the upper arm and forearm were 0.88 for systolic blood pressure and 0.76 for diastolic blood pressure (P < .001 for both). Mean systolic pressures, but not mean diastolic pressures, in the upper arm and forearm differed significantly (t = 2.07, P = .04). A Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the distances between the mean values and the limits of agreement for the 2 sites ranged from 15 mm Hg (mean arterial pressure) to 18.4 mm Hg (systolic pressure). CONCLUSIONS Despite strict attention to correct cuff size and placement of the upper arm or forearm at heart level, measurements of blood pressure obtained noninvasively in the arm and forearm of seated patients in stable condition are not interchangeable.
Detecting Fish Population Responses to a Minimum Length Limit: Effects of Variable Recruitment and Duration of Evaluation

Abstract We used a simulation model to evaluate how recruitment variability and evaluation duration would affect fisheries managers' ability to detect fish population responses to a minimum length limit. Length limits modeled were 254 mm for white crappie Pomoxis annularis and 305, 356, and 457 mm for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Simulations were conducted at recruitment variation (coefficient of variation, CV = 100 × SD/mean) of 20–100% for age-1 recruits. We evaluated how population density, population biomass, total catch (fish harvested and released), yield, and proportional stock density (PSD) would differ in response to a single 3-year or 5-year length limit evaluation. For white crappies, simulations suggested that a 254-mm length limit would not provide detectable differences (P > 0.10) in any population parameter if recruitment variability exceeded 90% for either evaluation period. Mean CV in recruits to age 0 or age 1 for empirical white crappie populations was 82% (range = 55–124, N =...
Proper time-frequency energy distributions and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is used for understanding time-frequency distributions (TFDs) or density functions. The relationship between the uncertainty principle and proper TFDs is explored. Specifically, the authors address negative values in a TFD, the interpretation of TFDs as energy density functions, and local time-frequency resolution. This is done in light of having previously devised a method for constructing proper distributions. >
Optimizing the electron microprobe analysis of hydrous alkali aluminosilicate glasses

The time-dependent loss of NaKa X-ray intensity during electron-beam irradiation of hydrous alkali alumino silicate glasses is apparently more significant during the initial few seconds of beam exposure than it is for anhydrous glasses, and it is pronounced for incident beam currents > 2-5 nA (using 15-20 /.Lmbeam diameters). Exponential fits of NaKa intensity vs. time show a progressive decrease in the apparent zero-time intercepts for incident beams from 2 to 20 nA, and thus methods for correcting Na concentrations solely on the basis of curve fitting and extrapolation to zero-time values may underestimate Na contents by almost 10% (relative) for higher beam currents. Similar exponential fits to the intensity-time data for AlKa and SiKa show that "grow-in" is greater for Al than for Si. For incident currents ~ 5 nA, the magnitudes of all intensity changes also increase with total H20 content of glass. On the basis of these observations, the optimal conditions for analysis of hydrous alkali aluminosilicate glasses include a 2 nA beam with 20 /.Lmdiameter and counting times of 20-40 s for the analysis of alkali aluminosilicate components, with Na and Al analyzed first (simultaneously, if possible). These methods minimize Na loss and grow-in for Al and Si to the point that little or no correction is needed, provide good statistical accuracy, and work with a wide variety of standard materials (i.e., glass standards with compositions and H20 contents comparable to the unknowns are not needed). For complete analysis of more complex multicomponent systems, two beam conditions are recommended: an initial 2 nA, 20 /.Lmdiameter beam for analysis of alkali alumino silicate components, followed by a 20 nA, 20 /.Lmdiameter beam for analysis of all other components. With the use of these methods, the H20 contents of hydrous glasses (H20 as the only unknown) can be determined by difference with uncertainties mostly 5 nA, corrections for Na loss ignoring Al (and Si) grow-in underestimate H20 contents by about 10-50% of concentration.
Putting the 'bio' into bioinformatics.

A report on the 13th Annual Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB), Detroit, USA, 25-29 June 2005.
Field Tests of a Wind-Electric Controller for Parallel Stock Water Pumping and Heating

Many of the improvements in wind-electric stock water pumping systems are attributable to advanced controller strategies and hardware that maximize performance over a range of wind speeds. The cost of the early and more complex controllers was of the order of one quarter of the whole system. Sophisticated yet inexpensive-programmable micro-controllers are now being introduced that enhance both performance and reliability. This study utilized a micro-programm able logic controller (PLC) to place a variable auxiliary load in the form of a stock water heater in parallel with the pump motor. This improves the system's economic viability on the Northern High Plains by mitigating stock tank freezing to help extend the grazing season. For the variable auxiliary load, the PLC uses long period pulse width modulation to drive a 3-phase solidstate relay. This continuously variable load strategy was designed to both increase the power factor when the pump is operating, and to extract resistive heating power in wind regimes not suitable for operating the pump. This paper reports on the preliminary but encouraging field studies directed toward optimizing the low wind speed water heating performance of this multi-tasking controller when the pump motor is inoperable.
XTC MRI: Sensitivity improvement through parameter optimization

Xenon polarization Transfer Contrast (XTC) MRI pulse sequences permit the gas exchange of hyperpolarized xenon-129 in the lung to be measured quantitatively. However, the pulse sequence parameter values employed in previously published work were determined empirically without considering the now-known gas exchange rates and the underlying lung physiology. By using a theoretical model for the consumption of magnetization during data acquisition, the noise intensity in the computed gas-phase depolarization maps was minimized as a function of the gas-phase depolarization rate. With such optimization the theoretical model predicted an up to threefold improvement in precision. Experiments in rabbits demonstrated that for typical imaging parameter values the optimized XTC pulse sequence yielded a median noise intensity of only about 3% in the depolarization maps. Consequently, the reliable detection of variations in the average alveolar wall thickness of as little as 300 nm can be expected. This improvement in the precision of the XTC MRI technique should lead to a substantial increase in its sensitivity for detecting pathological changes in lung function. Magn Reson Med 57:1099–1109, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of an Introductory Geography Course on Student Perceptions of Geography at the University of Idaho.

This case study surveyed students in geography courses at the University of Idaho, investigating perceptions of geography's role in their daily lives, relevance to careers or academics, and parts of their geographic skill. Primarily, white, younger than 20, gender-balanced students in Introduction to Physical Geography and Human Geography courses comprised the study sample. A sample of 265 students formed the pre-course survey and 82 students formed the post-course survey. Pre-course, men held a more positive sense of geographic skill, while women viewed more positively geography's relevance to careers and academics. Post-course, women's agreement concerning geography's role significantly increased, outpacing men's agreement.
Dynamic mechanical analysis of polymeric systems in liquid environments

Dynamic mechanical properties of polymer systems immersed in liquid environments have the potential of providing a wealth of characterization information relating to durability and performance characteristics of the material. However, when oscillatory experiments are performed in liquids, the effect of fluid drag on the sample and/or clamps must be subtracted from the data if the true material properties of the polymer are to be measured. Using classic dimensional analysis, a correlation was developed for calculating the friction of a sample/clamps combination in different liquids In relation to a Reynolds number defined for the immersed system. The methodology was adapted to the DuPont DMA using a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) polymer sheet to avoid any liquid sorption by the sample. It was found that storage and loss friction parameters could be determined and subtracted from the measured data to provide fluid-independent dynamic mechanical properties for the sample.
Evaluation of Flattening Filter-free Lung/Tissue Heterogeneity Dose Calculations for 2 Commercial Planning Systems

Materials/Methods: Two TPS (Philips Pinnacle 9.0 and Varian Eclipse 10.0) were evaluated using phantom geometries constructed from Solid Water (Gammex) and lung equivalent material (0.28 g/cm3). The phantom consisted of 3 cm Solid Water, 11 cm lung equivalent material, and 4 cm of Solid Water, with a 2 cm x 2 cm cylinder of Solid Water located at 10 cm depth along the central axis to represent a lung tumor (FIGURE 1). Planar dose measurements were taken with film for a 10MV FFF beam at four lung/tissue interfaces (3 cm, 9 cm, 11 cm, and 14 cm depth) and at mid-tumor (10 cm depth) for two field sizes (MLC shaped 2x2 cm2, and a jaw collimated 4x4 cm2). Most other calculated planes had less than 3% of pixels exceeding the gamma criteria. The Eclipse calculated dose was marginally more accurate than the Pinnacle dose calculations. One exception was the Eclipse calculated dose exceeded measured dose by 7% along the central axis for the 2x2 cm2 field at the plane distal to the lung tissue. Profile comparisons of both TPSs to film measurements are given in FIGURE 2a and 2b. Film measurements differed from ion chamber measurements in the center of the Solid Water cylinder by less than 1.5% for both field sizes. 3cm
Hybrid multiprocessing using WDM optical fiber interconnections

We present the design of a wavelength division multiplexed fiber optic bus for multiprocessors that allows both the shared memory model and the distributed memory model to be supported efficiently. We establish this by presenting the results of a fairly detailed trace-driven simulation of the performance of a system using the proposed interconnection. We also discuss some of the engineering issues involved in the design of such a WDM fiber bus and briefly mention approaches for cutting down on the cost of the optonic interface components. Our results seem to indicate that efficient performance in the shared and distributed memory modes of operation stems from the operational concurrency of the WDM channels and the high data rate and low latency possible from the use of the new fiber channel optical receivers and transmitters. >
A Molecular Profile of Cocaine Abuse Includes the Differential Expression of Genes that Regulate Transcription, Chromatin, and Dopamine Cell Phenotype

Chronic drug abuse, craving, and relapse are thought to be linked to long-lasting changes in neural gene expression arising through transcriptional and chromatin-related mechanisms. The key contributions of midbrain dopamine (DA)-synthesizing neurons throughout the addiction process provide a compelling rationale for determining the drug-induced molecular changes that occur in these cells. Yet our understanding of these processes remains rudimentary. The postmortem human brain constitutes a unique resource that can be exploited to gain insights into the pathophysiology of complex disorders such as drug addiction. In this study, we analyzed the profiles of midbrain gene expression in chronic cocaine abusers and well-matched drug-free control subjects using microarray and quantitative PCR. A small number of genes exhibited robust differential expression; many of these are involved in the regulation of transcription, chromatin, or DA cell phenotype. Transcript abundances for approximately half of these differentially expressed genes were diagnostic for assigning subjects to the cocaine-abusing vs control cohort. Identification of a molecular signature associated with pathophysiological changes occurring in cocaine abusers’ midbrains should contribute to the development of biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for drug addiction.
Principal Component Analysis of Dynamic Relative Displacement Fields Estimated from MR Images

Non-destructive measurement of acceleration-induced displacement fields within a closed object is a fundamental challenge. Inferences of how the brain deforms following skull impact have thus relied largely on indirect estimates and course-resolution cadaver studies. We developed a magnetic resonance technique to quantitatively identify the modes of displacement of an accelerating soft object relative to an object enclosing it, and applied it to study acceleration-induced brain deformation in human volunteers. We show that, contrary to the prevailing hypotheses of the field, the dominant mode of interaction between the brain and skull in mild head acceleration is one of sliding arrested by meninges.
Specificity in the familial aggregation of overt and covert conduct disorder symptoms in a referred attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder sample.

Background. To examine the familial associations of overt and covert antisocial behavior within the diagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) in families ascertained by referred children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to test if these familial associations differed between male and female probands.Method. Subjects were clinically-referred male and female ADHD children (n=273) and their first-degree biological relatives (n=807). Scores for overt and covert conduct problems were calculated by summing the DSM-III-R conduct disorder symptoms, as derived from structured diagnostic interviews. Familial aggregation analyses were conducted with multivariate regression modeling methodology.Results. Proband overt scores significantly predicted the overt scores of their relatives, and proband covert scores significantly predicted the covert scores of their relatives. There was no evidence of covert symptom scores predicting overt scores or vice versa. There was some evidence that the aggregation of covert symptoms was stronger in the families of female probands.Conclusions. These results provide preliminary evidence that overt and covert conduct disorder symptoms are independently transmitted through families and may represent distinct familial syndromes.
Self-Employment Concentration and Earnings among Mexican Immigrants in the U.S.

Recent research has assessed the implications of entrepreneurship for immigrant incorporation by examining the hypothesis that self-employed immigrants earn higher incomes than other immigrant workers in the labor market. With the important exception of several pioneering ethnographic and case studies, however, little attention has been paid in the literature to whether immigrants who are not self-employed derive any income benefit from the activities of immigrants in their communities who have gone into business for themselves. In this article, we draw upon the ethnic entrepreneurship and urban ecological literatures to develop a hypothesis about how the relative size of the local ethnic market conditions the extent to which interurban variation in the self-employment rate of Mexican immigrants will influence the incomes of Mexican immigrants who are not self-employed. Further, we use data from the 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing to investigate this hypothesis for Mexican immigrants residing in sixty U.S. metropolitan statistical areas. Results from the analyses indicate that the effects of variation in levels of self-employment depend upon the relative size of the local ethnic market: among cities with smaller ethnic markets, higher concentrations of self-employment are related to lower Mexican-immigrant eamings, while among cities with larger ethnic markets, higher concentrations of self-employment are related to small increases in wages
Geomorphic History of Dunes at Petoskey State Park, Petoskey, Michigan

Abstract Coastal dune fields commonly occur along the shoreline of Lake Michigan. This study focuses on the geomorphic history of dunes at Petoskey State Park in northern lower Michigan. Results from this study revealed that 5 distinctive geomorphic units occur in the park: a lake terrace, parabolic dunes, linear and incipient parabolic dunes, and active dunes. Samples for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating were collected throughout the park and suggested that eolian activity began around 4800 cal. yr B.P. and has continued until the present time. In general, the dunes are progressively younger and smaller towards the shoreline. Intensive shoreline progradation and significant vertical aggradation of sand dunes has occurred at Petoskey State Park throughout the Middle and Late Holocene in association with fluctuations of the level of Lake Michigan.
Buckling of Eccentrically Loaded Steel Columns

The problem of eccentrically loaded inelastic compression members has received considerable attention since the beginning of the 20th century. Load-deflection curves of the plastic behavior of the eccentrically loaded columns were derived by J.F. Baker, M.R. Horne, and J.W. Roderick. Their method can only be applied to particular cases by performing a lengthy trial-and-error procedure. During the 1950's, T.V. Galambos and R.L. Ketter treated the wide-flange column by representing the moment-curvature relationships in graphical form, and then using these functions in integrating a given column numerically by successive approximation; critical loads charactertized by excessive bending were obtained by repeated use of this procedure to obtain a load-deflection diagram. Ketter later presented the results of additional computations for the purpose of evaluating approximate interaction curves. More recently, Horne developed a method of obtaining critical load of columns of a rectangular cross section loaded symmetrically by equal and eccentricities. G.F. Hauck and S.L. Lee extended Horne's method to treat wide-flange or box sections. Furthermore, they developed approximate equations for dealing with columns with arbitrary boundary conditions and end loads. Herein, the approximate equations given in the work of Lee and Hauck are extended to particular cases of eccentrically loaded wide-flange and box-section columns without end deflections. These equations are used to find the critical loads for various combinations of end moments and column stiffnesses. The results are presented in graphical form.
Peromyscus maniculatus (Deer mouse)

It is well-known that the chromosome morphology of this species is extremely polymorphic. Not only may they differ from subspecies to subspecies, but also from individual to individual within a population. Generally speaking, Southern subspecies possess a lower number of biarmed chromosomes whereas Northern subspecies possess a higher number of biarmed chromosomes. Most of the short arms are heterochromatic (Bradshaw and Hsu, 1972).
Operation of Third Generation JPL Electronic Nose on the International Space Station

The Third Generation ENose is an air quality monitor designed to operate in the environment of the US Lab on the International Space Station (ISS). It detects a selected group of analytes at target concentrations in the ppm regime at an environmental temperature range of 18 - 30 o C, relative humidity from 25 - 75% and pressure from 530 to 760 torr. This device was installed and activated on ISS on Dec. 9, 2008 and has been operating continuously since activation. Data are downlinked and analyzed weekly. Results of analysis of ENose monitoring data show the short term presence of low concentration of alcohols, octafluoropropane and formaldehyde as well as frequent short term unknown events.
Creating Interactive Audiences for Student Writers in Large Classes: Blogging on the NewsActivist Learning Network.

This article considers how instructors with larger classes can utilize Web 2.0 tools to help students develop as writers. Meeting the needs of readers defines strong writing, yet students need to interact with authentic audiences to learn to do this well. A growing body of educators is exploring how blogging can be used to enhance student learning. In this article, we describe how a blogging platform, NewsActivist, was used to create an interactive audience for student writers in a large sociology course. The article provides details on course and assignment design to meet major learning outcomes and support student growth as writers. Data from reflective essays and a user survey are presented that demonstrate the value of NewsActivist and its interactive audiences for student writers. The platform was found particularly useful to motivate students to care about their writing and to provide feedback to help students learn.
O01.4 Blood Transcriptional Profiling of Women with Chlamydia Trachomatis Identifies a Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Signature

Objective Most women with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection are asymptomatic, while ∼3% progress to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) within two weeks of untreated infection. The identification of biomarkers that predict development of PID would aid in identification of women at risk for complications of infertility and ectopic pregnancy. The specific aim of this study was to identify a whole blood transcript signature for acute PID due to chlamydial infection. Methods We performed gene expression microarrays using whole blood from 79 women who had a gynecologic exam, and cervical and endometrial microbiologic testing. Samples were divided into five groups: Group 1, women with acute PID who were CT+ at endometrium (PID+, CT+, and E+); Group 2, asymptomatic women who were CT+ at endometrium (PID-, CT+, E+); Group 3, asymptomatic women who were CT+ at cervix (PID-, CT+, E-); Group 4, asymptomatic women who were CT- at cervix and endometrium (PID-, CT-, E-); Group 5, women with symptoms of PID who were negative for CT or other sexually transmitted pathogens (PID+, STI-, E-). Results We identified a transcript signature that discriminated women with chlamydial PID from all other groups. Pathway analysis revealed that the chlamydial PID signature contained genes from interferon response pathways. Gene transcription in a subset of women with chlamydial endometrial infection clustered with women with chlamydial PID. Conclusions Our study raises the possibility that transcriptional biomarkers with potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools can be identified to combat chlamydial reproductive tract disease in women.
Chromodacryorrhea, a New Criterion for Biological Assay of Acetylcholine

Summary1. By using chromodacryorrhea, the phenomenon of the shedding of bloody tears by rats, as a criterion, acetylcholine can be detected in as small amount as 0.2 γ. 2. Since there are 4 ranges of minimal dosages detectable with this phenomenon, from 2 mg to 0.2 γ, depending on the mode of injection and treatment, this same criterion can be used for a wide range of concentration of acetylcholine with accuracy.
Fathers with serious mental illnesses: A neglected group.

In recent years, policy makers, researchers, and practitioners alike have come to recognize how the traditional emphasis on mothers has overshadowed the equally critical contribution of fathers to child development and family life. In spite of this growing recognition of the importance of fathers, the need to better understand and support fathers with serious mental illnesses (SMI) has received little attention within mental health, public welfare, child protection, or criminal justice systems. In an effort to counter the continuing neglect of fathers with SMI, this paper provides an overview of the scant existing research focusing on fathers with SMI and sets forth a series of recommendations highlighting the need for greater inclusion of fathers in future research and ways to support men with SMI in their role as parents.
Zhang Xueliang’s View of Education and Personality

Zhang Xueliang would view that education is fundamental to national development while teacher is the foundation of education.He considered that education of the patriotism and personality should be stressed.And he also pointed out that spending education should be changed into productive education, that rural education should be stressed, that high input should be thrown into education,and that teacher should be well paid.For the sake of the nation,he did things never against any others and did not want to be understood,but he acted according to his conscience.From this we see that Zhang’s unselfish personality and courageous behavior are of great significance for us to fulfill the task of making our country strong through science and education.
Immunophilins and the nervous system

The search for immunosuppressant drugs to increase the success of organ transplantation led to the discovery of the immunophilins, proteins that interface with a range of signal transduction systems inside cells, especially in the nervous and immune systems. Here we review how these interesting molecules work and consider their therapeutic potential.
Controlling your control flow graph

Code Reuse Attacks (CRAs) are software exploits in which an attacker directs program control flow through existing code without injecting malicious code to achieve his objective. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Sequence Checker (DSC), a framework to verify the validity of control flow between basic blocks in the program. Unique codes are assigned to every basic block in the program at compile time in such a way that the Hamming distance between two legally connected basic blocks is a known constant. At runtime, Hamming distance between the codes assigned to the source and destination basic blocks are calculated and compared against the known constant, to verify the control flow. Execution is aborted if the Hamming distance comparison does not match. We implemented DSC on a cycle-accurate x86 simulator. DSC has been able to detect all the CRA gadgets reported by the ROPGadget tool. The average performance overhead is 4.7% over a baseline processor.
Impact of the bluff-body material on the flame leading edge structure and flame–flow interaction of premixed CH4/air flames

Abstract In this paper we investigate the interaction between the flame structure, the flow field and the coupled heat transfer with the flame holder of a laminar lean premixed CH 4 /air flame stabilized on a heat conducting bluff body in a channel. The study is conducted with a 2-D direct numerical simulation with detailed chemistry and species transport and with no artificial flame anchoring boundary conditions. Capturing the multiple time scales, length scales and flame-wall thermal interaction was done using a low Mach number operator-split projection algorithm, coupled with a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement and an immersed boundary method for the solid body. The flame structure displays profiles of the main species and atomic ratios similar to previously published experimental measurements on an annular bluff body configuration for both laminar and turbulent flow, demonstrating generality of the resolved flame leading edge structure for flames that stabilize on a sudden expansion. The flame structure near the bluff body and further downstream shows dependence on the thermal properties of the bluff body. We analyze the influence of flow strain and heat losses on the flame, and show that the flame stretch increases sharply at the flame leading edge, and this high stretch rate, together with heat losses, dictate the flame anchoring location. By analyzing the impact of the flame on the flow field we reveal that the strong dependence of vorticity dilatation on the flame location leads to high impact of the flame anchoring location on the flow and flame stretch downstream. This study sheds light on the impact of heat losses to the flame holder on the flame–flow feedback mechanism in lean premixed flames.
Seasonal and Temporary Work

The labour shortage in the Soviet Union has not only led the state to experiment with increasing the number of workers by tapping non-traditional sources of labour, but it has also led to an increasing use of seasonal and temporary employment to meet immediate needs. On the demand side, seasonal and temporary employment allows state economic planners to fill gaps in the labour force in jobs that do not require year-round employment. In the case of seasonal employment the need for labour is more or less predictable, such as during the peak times in agriculture. At times, the seasonal nature of work merges with the temporary status of a job and the distinction is strictly legal rather than functional. On the supply side such employment taps several wide ranging sources of labour, including collective farmers who are idle in the off-seasons, urbanites on holiday, workers who take unpaid leaves of absence and housewives who want a few months’ work. Seasonal employment can be voluntary, in which case work is chosen over leisure (e.g. holiday-makers and housewives) or workers substitute one form of employment for another (e.g. moonlighting urbanites). It can also be involuntary, as in the case where industrial workers are assigned to the autumn harvest.
Communicative Competence: An Interactive Approach

(1984). Communicative Competence: An Interactive Approach. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 56-79.
Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in the Malaria Parasite Erythrocyte Cycle

Free calcium (Ca2+) is involved in the Apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium falciparum cycle of development, both at the time of invasion and at the time of egress from host erythrocytes. We hypothesized that the two prominent and transient erythrocyte crenation events (echinocytosis), one shortly following parasite invasion and one immediately preceding parasite egress, result from the activation of a calcium-dependent potassium channel, the Gardos channel (KCNN4 / KCa3.1), native to the red blood cell (RBC) and resident in its plasma membrane.To test if a Ca2+-dependent K+ flux (followed by water) causes the observed post-invasion RBC echinocytosis, parasite invasion was observed and quantified using RBC loaded with a Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM) in a new light microscopy invasion assay. We confirmed that neither invasion nor the subsequent RBC echinocytosis were affected. Furthermore, RBC were treated with several inhibitors of Gardos channels, prior to and during parasite invasion. Again, no adverse effect on invasion or echinocytosis was observed. Finally, high external KCl that eliminates the potassium gradient across the RBC membrane did not inhibit the post-invasion RBC echinocytosis. Thus, it is unlikely that activation of the Gardos channel explains the echinocytosis of RBC following parasite invasion. While exploring the effect of calcium free medium on invasion, we found that it is often aborted but still leads to echinocytosis. Contrary to invasion in the presence of calcium, echinocytosis after abortive invasion is not reversed and often leads to RBC hemolysis.We conclude that alternative calcium independent mechanisms, such as the modification of the RBC cytoskeleton or the sudden incorporation of lipoidal substances secreted during invasion by the P. falciparum merozoite, and their effect on RBC curvature stress may explain the observed echinocytosis.
Performance Implications of Processing-in-Memory Designs on Data-Intensive Applications

The popularity of data-intensive applications and recent hardware developments drive the re-emergence of processing-in-memory (PIM) after earlier explorations several decades ago. To introduce PIM into a system, we must answer a fundamental question: what computation logic should be included into PIM? In terms of computation complexity, PIM can be either relatively simple, fixedfunctional, or fully programmable. The choice of fixedfunctional PIM and programmable PIM has direct impact on performance. In this paper, we explore the performance implications of fixed-functional PIM and programmable PIM on three data-intensive benchmarks -- including a real data-intensive application. Our results show that -- with PIMs -- we obtain 2.09x-91.4x speedup over no PIM cases. However, the fixed-functional PIM and programmable PIM perform differently across applications (with performance difference up to 90%). Our results show that neither fixed-functional PIM nor programmable PIM can perform optimally in all cases. We must decide the usage of PIM based on the characteristics of the workload and PIM (e.g., instruction-level parallelism), and the PIM overhead (e.g., PIM initialization and synchronization overhead).
Transcriptomic responses to seawater acidification among sea urchin populations inhabiting a natural pH mosaic.

Increasing awareness of spatial and temporal variation in ocean pH suggests some marine populations may be adapted to local pH regimes and will therefore respond differently to present-day pH variation and to long-term ocean acidification. In the Northeast Pacific Ocean, differences in the strength of coastal upwelling cause latitudinal variation in prevailing pH regimes that are hypothesized to promote local adaptation and unequal pH tolerance among resident populations. In this study, responses to experimental seawater acidification were compared among six populations of purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) inhabiting areas that differ in their frequency of low pH exposure and that prior research suggests are locally adapted to seawater pH. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrate urchin populations most frequently exposed to low pH seawater responded to experimental acidification by expressing genes within major ATP producing pathways at greater levels than populations encountering low pH less often. Multiple genes within the tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport chain, and fatty acid beta oxidation pathways were up-regulated in urchin populations experiencing low pH conditions most frequently. These same metabolic pathways were significantly over-represented among genes both expressed in a population-specific manner and putatively under selection to enhance low pH tolerance. Collectively, these data suggest natural selection is acting on metabolic gene networks in order to redirect ATP toward acid-base regulatory processes and enhance tolerance of seawater acidification. As a trade-off, marine populations more tolerant of low pH may have less energy to put toward other aspects of fitness and to respond to additional ocean change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.