cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformity Behaviors: a Qualitative Phenomenological Exploration of Binge Drinking Among Female College Students

The present study explored binge drinking as a conformity behavior as it related to self-esteem and social acceptance in young adults. The researcher gathered information regarding the lived experience of young adults’ engagement in binge drinking to increase self-esteem and social acceptance using a qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach (IPA). A purposive sample of five female college students aged 22–24 meeting the inclusion criteria via researcher-developed screening was recruited. Data was collected via face-to-face, semi-structured interviews that were then transcribed, member-checked, and analyzed according to the IPA methodology. Themes included the following: low self-esteem was associated with behavior, low self-esteem was associated with binge drinking, and low relational value was associated with binge drinking. These findings have expanded upon the existing research regarding the role of binge drinking as a conformity behavior as it impacted self-esteem and social acceptance in attempts to increase relational value in young adults.
O24 Preliminary Evaluation of a University Food Pantry During COVID-19 Using Implementation Science Metrics

Objective To conduct a preliminary evaluation of a university food pantry using implementation science (IS) metrics. Target Audience Food insecure students at a Midwest university during Fall 2020. Use of Theory or Research Previous research has identified a need for IS to be incorporated into nutrition interventions to better address program sustainability at community and institutional levels. Program Description A satellite campus food pantry was created in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and is located at the university's recreation center. This food assistance program provides free food for students in need and was open 3 hours a day, twice a week from August to December. Evaluation Methods Pantry staff tracked implementation costs, food waste, and student usage. Pantry clients were invited to take an anonymous online survey to assess their satisfaction and acceptability of the pantry using valid and reliable questionnaires. Results In 28 service days, there were 353 visits with a total of 475 people served, and 150 different student users. The majority (n = 113, 75.3%) only visited the pantry once or twice, while 24.7% (n = 37) visited the pantry at least once a month. Of students relying on the pantry for monthly visits, only 27% were affected by COVID-19. Thus far, 97% of implementation costs are attributed to staff pay. The majority of landfilled food waste (591.4 pounds) was produce (15.8% fruit, 49.9% vegetables) and 18.2% was from premade items like sandwiches, salads, and pastas. Average student satisfaction (n = 45) was 27.3 out of 30 and acceptability was 13.7 out of 16. Conclusion The pantry is well accepted by students and results suggest it may be needed beyond pandemic times with limited users being affected by COVID-19. Additionally, while advantageous that the pantry receives premade food from other campus programs, more research is needed to determine if the pantry is the best option for redistributing these food items.
Hypothalamic miR-204 Induces Alteration of Heart Electrophysiology and Neurogenic Hypertension by Regulating the Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Potential Role of Microbiota.

There is abundant evidence demonstrating the association between gut dysbiosis and neurogenic diseases such as hypertension. A common characteristic of resistant hypertension is the chronic elevation in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity accompanied by increased release of norepinephrine (NE), indicating a neurogenic component that contributes to the development of hypertension. Factors that modulate the sympathetic tone to the cardiovascular system in hypertensive patients are still poorly understood. Research has identified an interaction between the brain and the gut, and this interaction plays a possible role in the mechanism of heart damage-induced hypertension. Data, however, remain scarce, and further study is required to define the role of microbiota in sympathetic neural function and its relationship with heart damage and blood pressure (BP) control. Experimental evidence has pointed toward a bidirectional relationship between alterations in the types of bacteria present in the gut and neurogenic diseases, such as hypertension. Our published data showed that miR-204, a microRNA that plays an important role in the CNS function, is affected by gut dysbiosis. Therefore, miR-204 could be a key element that regulates normal sinus rhythm and neuronal hypertension. In this review, we will shed light on the potential mechanism by which microbiota affects hypothalamic miR-204, which in turn, could hinder the sympathetic nerve drive to the cardiovascular system leading to arrhythmia and hypertension.
The Neural Crest and Its Derivatives

In 1868 Wilhelm His discovered the neural crest and he traced the origin of spinal and cranial ganglia from the neural crest (Fig. 4.1). These discoveries raised several theoritical problems—the origin and boundaries of the neural crest, the modes of cell migration, and the fates of cells of neural crest origin. For the past century these problems—origin, migration, and fate—have been the manun conceptual platforms from which research programs on neural crest development have been launched.
Sex differences in behavioral impulsivity in at-risk and non-risk drinkers.

Introduction: Mounting evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that females are more vulnerable to drug and alcohol abuse than males. Some of this increased risk may be related to behavioral traits, such as impulsivity. Here we examined sex differences in two forms of behavioral impulsivity (inhibitory control and impulsive choice) in young men and women, in relation to their level of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems (at-risk or non-risk). Methods: Participants performed a go/no-go task to assess inhibitory control and a measure of delay discounting to assess impulsive choice. Results: On the measure of inhibitory control, at-risk women committed significantly more inhibitory errors than at-risk men, indicating poorer behavioral control among the women. By contrast, no sex differences were observed between at-risk men and women in delay discounting, or between the male and female non-risk drinkers on any measure. Conclusion: Heavy drinking women displayed poorer inhibitory control than heavy drinking men. It remains to be determined whether the sex differences in inhibitory control are the result of drinking, or whether they pre-dated the problematic drinking in these individuals.
Stretchable Inductor Design

High-quality inductors are difficult to realize in stretchable electronics, since the thick parallel traces needed to minimize resistance also result in a highly rigid structure. Adding periodic waves or kinks to the traces of an inductor coil has been found to result in a more compliant structure that will not permanently deform or break after stretching by tens of percent. In this paper, the effects on electrical performance of creating inductor coils from stretchable wavy traces are investigated. Eight different tortuous trace designs were modeled and experimentally tested in one- and three-turn inductors, as well as an electrical transformer design. Incorporating waves into an inductor was found to result in a negative mutual coupling along the traces, degrading the inductor performance. The incremental self-inductance per resistance of the added length due to the waviness, $\sim 1.2$ nH/ $\Omega $ , was similar for all interconnect types tested. This value is less than a third that of using a longer straight conductor of similar cross section (4.4 nH/ $\Omega )$ , resulting in a drop in ratio of inductance to resistance and resulting peak quality factor in the measured inductors by as much as a factor of two.
MAP Kinase Signaling Specificity

Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of signaling pathways that control how cells respond to their environment. There are many different MAPKs and to keep pathways distinct, particular MAPKs must bind their ligands with high specificity. In their Perspective, Weston et al . discuss the structural basis for the signaling specificity of MAPKs.
Quantum-dot cellular automata by electric and magnetic field coupling

Even as CMOS technology advances into the nanoscale regime, computing with quantum dots, molecules, or single-domain nanomagnets remains a viable goal in nanotechnology research. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a paradigm for low-power, high-speed, highly dense computing that could be realized in a variety of materials systems. This paper reviews the basic paradigm of QCA, discusses various materials systems in which QCA might be constructed, reviews a series of experiments performed in the metal tunnel junction technology, and presents ideas for future QCA implementations in molecules and nanomagnets.
Modeling the Etiology of Adolescent Substance Use: A Test of the Social Development Model

The social development model is a general theory of human behavior that seeks to explain antisocial behaviors through specification of predictive developmental relationships. It incorporates the ef...
Is Implied Taylor Rule Interest Rate Applicable as a Carry Trade Strategy

This paper evaluates the performance of carry trade strategies with implied Taylor rule interest rate differentials and compares the performance statistics of them over the naive carry trade strategy with actual interest rates. Carry trade, a currency speculation strategy, between high-interest rate and low-interest rate currencies generates high payoff on average and has a possibility of crash risk. I argue that the crash risk is reduced with implied Taylor rule interest rate differentials as a trading strategy in Yen and Franc trades for the whole sample period. During the recent financial crisis, the carry trading strategies with Taylor rule perform best in terms of mean returns, risk adjusted returns and downside risk. Keywords: Carry Trade; Taylor Rule Fundamentals. JEL Classifications : E32; E37; E43; F31; F37; G15.
3p22.1 and 10q22.3 Deletions Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH): A Potential New Tool for Early Detection of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Background Our objective was to study the feasibility of detecting chromosomal deletions at 3p22.1 and 10q22.3 by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and to examine their distribution in different areas of the airway in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Brush biopsies from the mainstem bronchus on the normal side contralateral to the tumor (NBB) and mainstem bronchus on the tumor side (TBB) were obtained from 122 patients who underwent surgical resection. Touch preparations from the tumor (TTP), normal lung parenchyma, and bronchi adjacent to the tumor were also obtained. Two FISH assays using probes complementary to 3p22.1 and 10q22.3 were used to detect deletions. Results NBB showed a relatively low deletion rate of 3p22.1 and 10q22.3 compared with TTP (p Conclusion Deletions of the 3p22.1 and 10q22.3 regions can be reliably detected by FISH. As one progresses from the contralateral normal bronchus to the bronchus on the side of tumor and the tumor itself, the percentage of chromosomal deletions increases in a statistically significant fashion. This suggests that, FISH analysis of bronchoscopic brushes may be useful for identifying patients at high risk for developing non-small cell lung cancer.
Third Virial Coefficient for the Gas of Long Rods

Abstract The Onsager theory for the liquid crystal phase transition of a gas of hard rods is known to be accurate if the rods are long enough. In order to quantify the necessary length, the first correction term (the third virial coefficient) to the Onsager theory is estimated numerically. On the basis of a study of the behavior of this function (for the cases L/D = 10, 20, 40, and 100), a model function which approximates its angular dependence is proposed. This is used to estimate the corrections to the predictions of the Onsager theory arising from the finite length of the rods, in both isotropic and ordered phases. It is concluded that the Onsager approximation is not quantitatively accurate for L/D < 100.
Deposition of Ba1−xSrxTiO3 and SrTiO3 via liquid source CVD (LSCVD) for ULSI DRAMS

Abstract In 1991 we demonstrated the use of a deposition machine that injected liquid sol-gel material into a vacuum chamber at room temperature for the production of high quality lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films. This year we have modified the machine to produce strontium titanate and barium strontium titanate films of sufficient quality for DRAM applications.
Timing subdural haematoma

Introduction: One specific technique by which subdural haematoma can be timed has been one of the most challenging problems faced by pathologists. Currently, the most documented technique used for timing trauma is the Perl's stain for haemosiderin indicative of two days time lag between trauma and death. Trauma leads to the activation of a group of cells known as macrophages and offers a possible new means of timing trauma. The aim of this project was to reach a sensible conclusion about timing subdural haematoma by using a variety of markers against macrophages. Materials and methods: Using dural tissue from 28 subjects diagnosed with subdural haematoma, a three step amplification protocol (DAKO, UK) was applied to 5–7 µm sections of the dura, with DAB as chromogen, for subsequent light microscopic analysis. Results: Both qualitative (using a simple scoring system) and quantitative analysis were carried out in this study. Quantitative analysis comprised image capture using a digital camera mounted on a Zeiss axioplan microscope and image analysis by calculation of the percent areas of immunoreactivity per section using Optimas v6.2. Conclusions: PGM 1 and MHC II are not definitive at dating subdural haematoma within the first 48 h period. The early expression of these antibodies makes them good diagnostic tools for dating trauma when combined with other methods such as the Perl's stain.
ROLE OF SPIN IN THE MONOPOLE PROBLEM

The scattering of an electric charge from a magnetic monopole is discussed in a way which explicitly incorporates conservation of angular momentum. The Dirac quantization condition for the physical charges is derived from the correspondence principle and the requirement of rotational invariance. The same discussion shows that the initial and final states of the scattering reaction contain an extra spin, which cannot be associated with either particle alone. In the classical nonrelativistic theory it is known that such an extra spin appears, and that it may be identified with the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field. A quantized version of this nonrelativistic spin theory is obtained and shown to be equivalent to the Dirac theory based on a singular vector potential. The spin approach gives an interesting perspective on the relativistic monopole problem. Among the standard $S$-matrix postulates, that of crossing symmetry must be modified or abandoned if a relativistic theory is to succeed.
Self-similar multiscale structure of lignin revealed by neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation.

Lignin, a major polymeric component of plant cell walls, forms aggregates in vivo and poses a barrier to cellulosic ethanol production. Here, neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that lignin aggregates are characterized by a surface fractal dimension that is invariant under change of scale from $~$1--1000 \AA{}. The simulations also reveal extensive water penetration of the aggregates and heterogeneous chain dynamics corresponding to a rigid core with a fluid surface.
Evolution of a Cybersecurity curriculum

This paper is a case study on the development and subsequent modifications to an Information Security/Cybersecurity academic program at a small, four year, Liberal Arts College. The courses and content are described as well as changes to them over an seven year period, responding to changes in this field. The curriculum is compared to the NICE framework.
Surface area of dental enamel, bone, and hydroxyapatite: chemisorption from solution.

The surface areas of three different samples of hydroxyapatite, samples of deproteinized bone, and samples of whole and deproteinized enamel were determined by adsorption of an adduct (the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with N-phenylglycine) from methylene chloride solution. In all cases, the surface areas of these samples agree well with those obtained by the BET (N2) method.
Evaluation of Hydrogen Cracking Susceptibility in X120 Girth Welds

To reduce the cost of long distance gas transmission, high strength pipeline steels are being developed. Implementation of high strength pipeline materials requires the avoidance of hydrogen cracking during field girth welding. A study of hydrogen cracking in X120 girth welds has been conducted. Cracking resistance of both the weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) were investigated. The laboratory tests included the controlled thermal severity (CTS) test, the WIC test and the Y-groove test. In addition, multi-pass plate welds and full pipe welds were completed and examined for the presence of hydrogen cracks. The suitability of each test method for predicting cracking in X120 girth welds is determined. The morphology of hydrogen cracks in X120 girth welds is described, and the conditions necessary to prevent hydrogen cracking are identified. Following the laboratory studies, construction of X120 pipelines without cracking was demonstrated through a 1.6 km field trial.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
On the failure of calmodulin to activate Ca2+ pump ATPase of dog red blood cells

Abstract 1. 1. Ca2+-pump ATPase activities of membranes isolated from human and dog RBCs were compared under a variety of conditions. 2. 2. Specific activity of the dog enzyme was less than that of human. 3. 3. Unlike the human enzyme, the dog Ca2+-pump ATPase was not stimulated by exogenously added calmodulin (CaM) or oleate. 4. 4. The Ca2+ dependence of the dog Ca2+-pump ATPase resembled that of the CaM-activated form of the human enzyme. 5. 5. Cross-linking of Azido-125I-CaM to dog RBC membranes did not label a Ca2+-pump ATPase of molecular weight similar to that found in human RBC membranes. 6. 6. It is suggested that the Ca2+-pump ATPase in isolated dog RBC membranes exists in an activated state, not due to endogenous CaM, but possibly due to partial proteolysis.
Hawking-Unruh phenomenon in the parton language

Inelastic hadron interactions at high energies are accompanied by a pulse of a strong chromo-electric field. This field leads to the decay of QCD vacuum which proceeds through the emission of partons with a thermal spectrum. In a semi-classical treatment, the effective temperature of the spectrum is determined by the acceleration of partons in the classical chromo-electric field, in accord with the general arguments given by Hawking and Unruh.
Whole genome association of SNP with newborn calf cannon bone length

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe associations between 34,957 SNP genotypes and newborn calf cannon bone length in a crossbred Bos indicus–Bos taurus F2 population. Cannon bone length was measured on 463 newborn F2 Nelore–Angus calves from full-sibling families. All models included birth year–season of birth combinations and family as fixed effects. Two Bayesian association analyses were conducted; in those the estimated proportion of SNP loci not contributing to trait variance was 0.998. The proportion of Markov Chain Monte Carlo iterates in which 1 Mb windows of SNP loci had detectable genetic variance was used as evidence of association; the largest of these ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 in the Bayesian analyses and included windows on BTA14 and BTA24. Single marker regression analysis identified 363 SNP loci associated with cannon bone length; the majority of these (323) were on BTA14. Separately, a preselected group of 860 SNP loci was evaluated, chosen based upon proximity to 38 genes with known influence on endochondral bone growth. Significant associations were detected for 18 loci in that analysis. Representative loci were chosen from linked SNP within those 18 to comprise the final set of 8 loci with detected association. Stepwise regression was utilized to select a subset of these that best accounted for variation in cannon bone length. Four markers in the physical regions of genes coding Vitamin D3 Receptor (VDR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF1R) as linear and linear×linear covariates explained 0.06 of the phenotypic variation in cannon bone length. This procedure using a preselected set of genes, however, resulted in omission of the large association on BTA14 detected in the other analyses. The identified chromosomal regions were consistent with others previously identified with genes influencing stature-type traits in cattle (e.g., PLAG1). No advantage of analyzing actual cannon bone length or breeding values was evident; many of the same regions were identified by both, but associations unique to one or the other were also detected.
The Evaluation of Two Commercially Available, Portable Raman Systems

Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have many attributes that make them attractive for field detection of environmental contaminants, industrial process control, as well as materials detection/identification in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, law enforcement/first responders, geology, and archeology. However, portable, robust, inexpensive Raman systems are required for these applications. In this communication, the performances of two commercially available, portable Raman systems are evaluated.
Thermal expansion of molybdenum in the range 1500–2800 K by a transient interferometric technique

The linear thermal expansion of niobium has been measured in the temperature range 1500–2700 K by means of a transient (subsecond) interferometric technique. The basic method involves rapidly heating the specimen from room temperature up to and through the temperature range of interest in less than 1 s by passing an electrical current pulse through it and simultaneously measuring the specimen temperature by means of a high-speed photoelectric pyrometer and the shift in the fringe pattern produced by a Michelson-type interferometer. The linear thermal expansion is determined from the cumulative shift corresponding to each measured temperature. The results for niobium may be expressed by the relation (l-l0)/l0=5.4424×10−3−8.8553×10−6T+1.2993×10−8T2 −4.4002×10−12T3+6.3476×10−16T4 where T is in K and l0 is the specimen length at 20°C. The maximum error in the reported values of thermal expansion is estimated to be about 1% at 2000 K and not more than 2% at 2700 K.
Enhancing Mechanical Engineering Distance Education Through IT-Enabled Remote Laboratories

The use of remotely operated laboratory experiments is gaining credibility to substitute traditional experimentation practices for distance learning students. Universities have been exploring this option to cater to the growing number of nontraditional students who are only able to participate in education remotely. In this paper the authors discuss how recent advances in robotic and network control have laid the foundation for which remote labs can be built and used as a novel educational tool. Models of how to implement remote laboratory experiments demonstrate the important considerations and best practices which would be addressed when developing an experiment. The consideration of network navigation is essential to foster the smooth connection between remote users and local equipment without inhibiting existing system functionality. Firewall communication through static and dynamic IP addresses must be delegated carefully while network and security administrators open channels for communication. Command and control interfaces can substantially reduce this complex orchestrate by serving as a dedicated web server. With the proper pedagogical and technical developments, remote laboratories will become a viable means to provide realistic experiences to anyone throughout the world.
Double-stapled vs. handsewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis.

Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the treatment of choice for most patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. Whether or not a double-stapled technique, which should preserve the anal transition zone and avoid prolonged anal dilation, facilitates superior fecal continence compared with conventional mucosal resection and handsewn anastomosis is unknown. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare functional results after double-stapled and handsewn IPAA. METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive patients (13 females, 14 males; mean age, 37 years) who had proctocolectomy and double-stapled IPAA (J) for chronic ulcerative colitis were identified. Each was matched by sex, age, and surgeon to a control who had undergone a conventional handsewn anastomosis. Functional results at six months after ileostomy closure were compared. RESULTS: Median stool frequency in each group was seven. The prevalence of pouchitis was 22 percent in both groups. One pouch failure occurred in each group. The percentage of patients from the double-stapled group with daytime spotting was similar to that of the handsewn group (18 percentvs.26 percent,P>0.5). Nighttime soiling rates were similar as well (41 percentvs.48 percent,P>0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Double-stapled IPAA appears to convey no early functional advantage over handsewn IPAA for chronic ulcerative colitis.
Consequences of the photon-gluon induced couplings of QCD

Abstract We seek potentially observable effects, for high-energy interactions, of the quark-loop induced couplings between photons and gluons in QCD. Typically, two photon-two gluon processes are about 5–10% of competing reactions in rate, whereas one photon-three gluon processes, for which different quark loops interfere destructively, are less than 1%. Possibilities for improving the visibility of the former in various reactions are investigated.
Solid State and Solution Characterization of Chiral, Conformationally Mobile Tripodal Ligands

The synthesis of the ligands N,N-bis[(2-pyridyl)methyl]-1-(2-pyridyl)ethanamine (1, α-MeTPA), N,N-bis[(6-phenyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]-1-(2-pyridyl)ethanamine (2, α-MePh2TPA), N,N-bis[(2-quinolyl)methyl]-1-(2-pyridyl)ethanamine, (3, α-MeBQPA), and N,N-bis[(2-pyridyl)]methyl(phenyl)(2-pyridyl)methanamine (4, α-PhTPA) is described. The ligands form chiral, pseudo C3-symmetric complexes with ZnII and CuII salts that possess an available electrophilic coordination site. X-ray crystallographic structures of the complexes [Zn(α-MeTPA)Cl](ClO4), [Zn(α-MeBQPA)Cl](ClO4), and [Zn(α-PhTPA)Cl](ClO4) show that the spatial arrangement of the three pyridyl groups resembles a propeller whose directional sense is controlled by a substituent on one methylene arm. Chiroptical measurements provide supporting information that the complexes maintain similar structures in solution. Monte Carlo/stochastic dynamics (MC/SD) simulations of the [Zn(L)Cl]+ complexes indicate that only two conformers are populated at normal temperatures, s...
Stability of open bite correction with sagittal split osteotomy and closing rotation of the mandible.

Purpose To determine the long-term stability of bilateral sagittal split osteotomies with counterclockwise (closing) rotation of the mandible combined with rigid internal fixation in the correction of anterior open bite deformities. Materials and Methods A total of 28 patients who had completed orthodontic therapy and had at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up were evaluated using cephalometric analysis for dental and skeletal changes. We evaluated 7 angular and 6 linear measurements cephalometrically at 3 points for each patient: immediately preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and after a minimum of 1 year of postoperative follow-up. Results Of the 28 patients, 12 exhibited some degree of opening rotation (range 1% to 64%, mean 16%), and 16 showed no open rotation or continued to experience bite closure. However, all patients had a positive overbite at 1 year of follow-up, indicating that even though skeletal relapse was observed postoperatively, dental compensation resulted in the maintenance of the occlusal relationships. Conclusions Bilateral sagittal split osteotomies and closing rotation of the mandible using rigid fixation is a relatively stable procedure and a viable surgical treatment option for the correction of anterior open bite in instances in which maxillary osteotomies are not indicated to improve or enhance facial esthetics.
Strategies for electrochemical biosensors

Abstract New initiatives for the development of novel biosensors require a synthesis of biological and analyical concepts. Possible strategies involve the use of chemoreceptor structures, immunoagents, and cellular materials from plant or animal sources.
Consistent object representation method for computer vision applications

The human visual system uses two-dimensional (2D) boundary information to recognize objects since the shape of the boundary usually contains the pertinent information about an object. Thus, representing a boundary concisely and consistently is necessary for object recognition. In this paper, we propose a consistent object representation method using mean field annealing (MFA) technique for computer vision applications. Since a curvature function computed on a preprocessed smooth boundary, which is obtained by the MFA approach is consistent, we can consistently detect corner points in this curvature function space. Furthermore, the MFA approach preserves the sharpness of corner points very well. Thus, we can detect corner points easier and better with this method than with other existing methods. Ideal corner points rarely exist for a real boundary. They are often rounded due to the smoothing effect of the preprocessing. In addition, a human recognizes both sharp corner points and slightly rounded segments as corner points. Thus, we use `corner sharpness,' which is qualitatively similar to a human's capability of detecting corner points, to increase the robustness of the proposed algorithm.
The Use of the Soil-Plant-Air-Water Model to Predict the Hydraulic Performance of Vegetative Treatment Areas for Controlling Open Feedlot Runoff

Several Iowa beef feedlots have interim, National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits for vegetative treatment systems (VTS) to control and treat feedlot runoff. In Iowa, performance of these systems is predicted for permitting purposes using either the Iowa State University-Vegetated Treatment Area (ISU-VTA) Model or the Iowa State University -Vegetated Infiltration Basin/Vegetated Treatment Area (ISU-VIB/VTA) Model. For an Iowa NPDES permit, these systems must be shown through modeling to have equal or better performance than a conventional runoff containment basin on the basis of median nutrient mass released over 25 years. Modeling is also a useful design tool for both Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) and non-CAFO sized operations wishing to utilize VTS systems. Field-scale VTS performance monitoring conducted over the past two years by ISU has shown that the current ISU models do not accurately predict actual hydraulic performance at the monitored VTSs. The ISU models are being revised to improve their performance. Along with improving the ISU-VTS model performance, other modeling alternatives are being investigated. The Soil-Plant-Air-Water (SPAW) model is one possible alternative for modeling the hydraulic performance of a VTA. For this paper, the SPAW predicted performance was compared to monitoring results at four VTAs located in Iowa. Two different methods were used to model the VTA performance, the first method utilized the field module of SPAW; this method was found to have Nash-Sutcliffe modeling efficiencies ranging from 0.16 to 0.57. At all locations, the SPAW model underestimated the amount of release that occurred from the VTAs. The second modeling method utilized the pond module of SPAW, for this method the Nash-Sutcliffe modeling efficiencies ranged from 0.26 to 0.83. Again, the SPAW model underestimated the cumulative volume of effluent released from the VTAs.
Investigation of Luminescence Characteristics of Osmium(II) Complexes in the Presence of Heparin Polyanions.

The luminescence characteristics of six osmium carbonyl complexes with phenanthroline (phen) or bipyridine (bpy) and pyridine (py), 4-phenylpyridine (4-phpy), or triphenylphosphine (PPh3) complexes in the presence of polyanion heparin were studied in both ethanol and aqueous solutions. The influence of heparin on the luminescence of the complexes is heavily dependent on the type of ligands in the complexes and the solvent used. In the ethanol solutions, the heparin solution enhanced the luminescence of the five osmium complexes, with the strongest enhancement to the 4-phenylpyridine complexes; linear curves were obtained in the luminescence enhancement ratio () versus the heparin concentration range of 1–40 μg/mL. In aqueous solutions, heparin quenching of the complexes was more significant; a linear quenching curve was obtained with [Os(phen)2CO(PPh3)](PF6)2 in the lower concentration range of 1–12 μg/mL. The interaction of these complexes with heparin in the solutions is discussed. The complexes are shown to be successful in the fast and sensitive detection of heparin in commercial injectable samples.
A Curriculum of the Borderlands: High School Chicana/o-Latina/o Studies as Sitios y Lengua

Drawing from a nine-month critical teacher inquiry investigation, this article examines the experiences of eleventh and twelfth grade students who participated in a year-long Chicana/o-Latina/o Studies course in California shortly after the passing of Arizona House Bill 2281 (HB 2281). Through a borderlands analysis, I explore how these students describe their experiences participating in such a course, and in doing so, debunk some of the myths upon which HB 2281 was constructed. I find that these classroom experiences served as sitios y lenguas (decolonizing spaces and discourses; Perez in The decolonial imaginary: Writing Chicanas into history, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1998) in which high school students were able to reflect on the ongoing transformation of their social, political, and ethnic identities, and developed a relational ontological base. This article explores the physical and metaphorical borders (Anzaldua in Borderlands/La frontera: The new mestiza, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco 1987) that Chicana/o and Latina/o youth navigate and challenge while simultaneously working for social change in their communities. Lastly, it conveys what we stand to lose if the decolonizing spaces and discourse constructed in Ethnic Studies courses become casualties of xenophobic policy.
Thalamo-amygdalar relationships. An evoked potential study

Abstract Stimulation of dorsal thalamic nuclei from rostral to caudal and mediolateral levels in cats under chloralose anesthesia consistently evoked responses from the basal nucleus of the amygdala. These responses varied in waveform and latency with respect to different functionally distinct thalamic nuclear groups. Within these groups certain characteristics were observed. Stimulation of the anterior reticular (prothalamic), anterior, and ventral anterior nuclei evoked medium to high spike-like responses of short latency indicating a possible direct relationship to the amygdala. Stimulation of the extrinsic relay nuclei evoked the most distinctive responses from the amygdala in the form of relatively high amplitude (75–150 μV) sharply peaked responses of medium latency (11–20 msec). Associational nuclei (LD, LP) evoked medium slow wave responses of long latency. Stimulation of dorsomedial, midline, centromedian, and parafascicular nuclei evoked amygdalar responses of low to medium amplitude and of slow-wave type having mixed latency.
Ultrastructure of Haller's organ in the tick Amblyomma americanum (L.).

Haller's organ on the tarsus of the tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae; nymphal stage) was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It consists of a distal bristle group, (the “anterior pit”), and a proximal “capsule” which encloses several sensilla. The seven sensilla of the anterior pit (A1–A7) are all thick-walled and multi-innervated (2–9 neurons), but at least three different types can be differentiated. Sensilla A1 and A2 possess large, plugged pores (>1000 A) and are the only sensilla with branching dendrites. A3 and A5 are characterized by a spoke-wheel arrangement of the cuticle wall and very fine pores (100–200 A) penetrating the “spokes” centrally; A4, A6, and A7 do not exhibit any pore system but a single opening at the bristle tip is assumed.
Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement

Newmark's sliding-block model is widely used to estimate coseismic slope performance. Early efforts to develop simple regression models to estimate Newmark displacement were based on analysis of the small number of strong-motion records then available. The current availability of a much larger set of strong-motion records dictates that these regression equations be updated. Regression equations were generated using data derived from a collection of 2270 strong-motion records from 30 worldwide earthquakes. The regression equations predict Newmark displacement in terms of (1) critical acceleration ratio, (2) critical acceleration ratio and earthquake magnitude, (3) Arias intensity and critical acceleration, and (4) Arias intensity and critical acceleration ratio. These equations are well constrained and fit the data well (71%bR 2 b88%), but they have standard deviations of about 0.5 log units, such that the range defined by the mean±one standard deviation spans about an order of magnitude. These regression models, therefore, are not recommended for use in site-specific design, but rather for regional-scale seismic landslide hazard mapping or for rapid preliminary screening of sites. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mae West: An Icon in Black and White

Prologue 1. The Biggest and the Best 2. The Way She Does It 3. Shimmadona 4. Speaking of the Influences of the Jook 5. You Can Be Had 6. The Subject of the Dream 7. Goodnight to the Dichotomies 8. IF You Can't Go Straight, You've Got to Go Round 9. Naturally, I Disagree 10. Bring Me Rabelais 11. Well, Why Ask? 12. You're Never Too Old to Be Younger Epilogue: All My Past is Really a Prologue Notes
Out There? Looking for Lesbians in British Art — Some Preliminary Observations

The article seeks to explore some of the difficulties that may be experienced within higher art education both by the student of art who is lesbian and by researchers focusing on the subject of lesbians and art. For those interested in this area of study there may be particular obstacles which are not present for heterosexual students and which act as a barrier to exclude more readily available information and images. The potential importance and relevance of these exclusions for the lesbian student of art are examined in relation to the political and social oppression which lesbians have experienced, the effects of which can be seen in both historical and contemporary lesbian images and artwork. The article also examines possible issues around ‘coming-out’ and homophobia for lesbian students and researchers within education generally, the prevalence of assumptions of heterosexuality, and the importance of awareness of these issues for educators of gay students. The conclusion drawn is that there is diversity inherent within any grouping but a more inclusive art education policy would inform the culture of all.
Conformational changes mediate interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2) binding to IL-10 and assembly of the signaling complex.

Interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2) is a critical component of the IL-10·IL-10R1·IL-10R2 complex which regulates IL-10-mediated immunomodulatory responses. The ternary IL-10 signaling complex is assembled in a sequential order with the IL-10·IL-10R1 interaction occurring first followed by engagement of the IL-10R2 chain. In this study we map the IL-10R2 binding site on IL-10 using surface plasmon resonance and cell-based assays. Critical IL-10R2 binding residues are located in helix A adjacent to the previously identified IL-10R1 recognition surface. Interestingly, IL-10R2 binding residues located in the N-terminal end of helix A exhibit large structural differences between unbound cIL-10 and cIL-10·IL-10R1 crystal structures. This suggests IL-10R1-induced conformational changes regulate IL-10R2 binding and assembly of the ternary IL-10·IL-10R1·IL-10R2 complex. The basic mechanistic features of the assembly process are likely shared by six additional class-2 cytokines (viral IL-10s, IL-22, IL-26, IL-28A, IL28B, and IL-29) to promote IL-10R2 binding to six additional receptor complexes. These studies highlight the importance of structure in regulating low affinity protein-protein interactions and IL-10 signal transduction.
Photosynthetic accessory pigments - Evidence for the influence of phycoerythrin on the submarine light field

Upwelled water-leaving spectral radiances and the submarine light-field source are theorized to have the physical scattering and absorption effects of photosynthetic accessory pigments. A laser is employed to induce phycoerythrin pigment fluorescence, and the presence of the photosynthetic accessory pigment is measured in oceanic waters with a spectral fluorescence method. Experimental data from active-passive correlation spectroscopy demonstrate that water-leaving spectral radiances of about 600 nm are highly correlated with phycoerythrin pigment fluorescence. Because the data on the phycoerythrin and chlorophyll fluorescences are entered randomly in the correlation the results are considered unambiguous. An estimate of the photopigment is derived that agrees with measurements of its laser-induced fluorescence.
Race and Job Dismissal African American/White Differences in Their Sources During the Early Work Career

This study combines data from 8 years (1991 to 1997 and 1999) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to assess predictions from the compositional and particularistic perspectives concerning the determinants of job dismissal among African American and White males during 3 years of the early work career. The findings from logistic regression analyses provide most support for the particularistic perspective. Specifically, dismissal for African Americans, relative to Whites, is widespread. Compared to Whites, African Americans are susceptible to dismissal across categories of traditional stratification-based causal factors—namely, human capital credentials (e.g., education, job absences), background socioeconomic status, and job/labor market characteristics (e.g., union status, economic sector, industry). In addition, analyses indicate that particularism as a determinant of dismissal is more pronounced in working-class than middle-class occupations.
On the Origin of Cometary C2 and C3: Hydrogen Atom Migration in Diacetylene?

The photolysis of C10H2 in air-saturated hexane by 253.6 nm photons yields the polyyne C8H2 in approximately 5% of all C10H2 disappearances; perhaps due to the migration of the hydrogen atom on Γ1 (I use the symbol Γn to designate the specific carbon atom number n in the chain; Γ1 is carbon atom 1) to Γ3 in the electronically excited C10H*2 molecule followed by the rupture of the Γ2-Γ3 carbon-carbon bond. C6H2 and C12H2 were not seen to form. This new result strengthens the hypothesis that hydrogen migration along carbon chains of photon-excited polyynes followed by the rupture of one carbon bond could be very common among these compounds. It is suggested here that diacetylene forms photochemically from acetylene in the cometary coma followed by the swift photochemical formation of C2 from diacetylene by hydrogen migration from Γ1 to Γ3 followed by the rupture of the Γ2-Γ3 carbon-carbon bond. Hydrogen migration from Γ1 to Γ4 in excited diacetylene followed by the rupture of the Γ3-Γ4 carbon bond might form cometary C3. Neither C2 nor C3 were detected in the current study. Their formation by hydrogen migration is therefore hypothetical but the case for C2 is observationally stronger than for C3. Removal of air from the solution increased the disappearance rate of C10H2 by a factor of almost 103, which implies that the excited molecule is in a triplet state with an estimated lifetime of 160 μs.
Indeterminate EMU admissions: does repeating the admission help?

Abstract Epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) admissions during 2007–2009 at Mayo Clinic Hospital Arizona were reviewed. Of the 106 indeterminate admissions, 13 (12%) went on to have a second admission. During the second admission, 8 (62%) were diagnosed. Five patients went on to have a third or fourth admission, with none of them receiving a diagnosis. Nineteen (18%) patients had ambulatory EEG monitoring after an indeterminate admission, with only one (5%) receiving a diagnosis after ambulatory EEG monitoring. Even in patients who were initially indeterminate, medication management changed 37% of the time. Admission to the EMU was helpful for spell classification, with 80% of the patients receiving a diagnosis after the first admission. Based on this study, a second admission should be considered if no diagnosis is reached after the first admission. If no diagnosis is made after the second EMU admission, subsequent admissions are unlikely to produce a definitive diagnosis.
Syntheses of Highly Fluorescent GFP-Chromophore Analogues

Eight B-containing compounds, i.e., 1a-h, were prepared as mimics of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorophore. The underlying concept was that synthetic GFP chromophore analogues are not fluorescent primarily because of free rotation about an aryl-alkene bond (Figure 1b). This rotation is not possible in the beta-barrel of GFP; hence, the molecule is strongly fluorescent. In compounds 1a-h, radiationless decay via this mechanism is prevented by complexation of the BF2 entity. The target materials were prepared via two methods; most were obtained according to the novel route shown in Scheme 1b, but compound 1f was made via the procedure described in Scheme 2. Both syntheses involved formation of undesired compounds E-4a-h that formed simultaneously with the desired isomeric intermediates Z-4a-h. Both compounds form BF2 adducts, i.e., 1a-h and 5a-h, respectively. Methods used for spectroscopic characterization and differentiation of compounds in the series 1 and 5 are discussed, and these are supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses for compounds 1c, 5c, 1f, and 5f. Electronic spectra of compounds 1a-h and 5a-h were studied in detail. Those in the 5 series were shown to be only weakly fluorescent, but the 1 series were strongly fluorescent compounds (comparable to the boraindacene, BODIPY, dyes). Compounds 1g and 1h are water soluble, and 1h has particularly significant potential as a probe, since it also has a carboxylic acid group for attachment to biomolecules.