cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperphosphorylation of heat shock transcription factor 1 is correlated with transcriptional competence and slow dissociation of active factor trimers

In the course of its activation by heat and other stresses, the inactive monomer of human heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is converted to a DNA-binding homotrimer and is hyperphosphorylated. At least four Ser/Thr residues in HSF1 appeared to be inducibly phosphorylated during heat shock. Ser/Thr protein kinase inhibitors inhibited, and protein phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A and phorbol ester enhanced, hsp70-CAT reporter gene expression but not heat shock element DNA binding activity in HeLa cells undergoing a moderate heat shock. Calyculin A (5-20 nM) caused hyperphosphorylation of HSF1, the extent of which was comparable to that produced by moderate to severe heat shock. Upon recovery from a 42 degrees C/30 min-heat shock, HSF1 trimers disassembled quantitatively within 2 h. Calyculin A interfered with the dissociation of HSF1 trimers. Thus, hyperphosphorylation increases the effective half-life of the HSF1 trimer, which may prolong factor activity subsequent to heat shock. Hyperphosphorylation also dramatically stimulated the transactivation function of HSF1: exposure to calyculin A of cells induced to form inactive HSF1 trimers resulted in the conversion of the inactive to active trimers. Given that deletion of certain sequences renders HSF1 constitutively active, these results suggested that the activation of HSF1 trimers by calyculin A was a consequence of hyperphosphorylation of HSF1 rather than of a downstream factor.
Molecular imaging of Na+,K÷-ATPase in purified kidney membranes

Ion channels and pumps in cell membranes consist of multiple transmembrane segments that are thought to be critical for transport of ions. Channel structures constituted by these transmembrane segments are characteristic of ion channels, whereas such structures have not been identified in ion pumps until now. By applying atomic force microscopy on Na+,K(+)-ATPase molecules in canine kidney membranes under tapping mode, we identified a hollow in the protein with a characteristic internal diameter of 6-20 A and an external diameter of 20-55 A depending upon treatment conditions. This hollow may be interpreted as a channel-like conformation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase. In the regions where the proteins were absent, lipid head structures with 2 A width and 6 A length were imaged in an orthorhombic lattice.
DISTRIBUTIONS IN R WITH ROTATIONAL SYMMETRIES1

Summary Let X ∈ R be a random vector with a distribution which is invariant under rotations within the subspaces Vj (dim Vj. = qj) whose direct sum is R. The large sample distributions of the eigenvalues and vectors of Mn= n-1Σnl xixi are studied. In particular it is shown that several eigenvalue results of Anderson & Stephens (1972) for uniformly distributed unit vectors hold more generally.
Checklist procedures and the cost of automaticity

Automaticity is usually discussed in terms of its benefits. Automaticity has, however, a cost that manifests itself in procedures that are highly routinized but require close attention, such as verbal checklist procedures. In such procedures, errors occur because the routine leads to automaticity. In three paper-and-pen experiments, we tested this manifestation and investigated ways to decrease automaticity in verbal checklist procedures. In the experiments, subjects proofread sets of multiplication problems to detect erroneous operations, simulating the checklist procedure. In Experiments 1 and 2, two conditions were compared: a fixed-order condition (in which each set contained operations in the same order) and a varied-order condition (in which the operations were in a different order in each set). In Experiment 1, proofreading times were measured to establish the role of fixed sequential order as a consistent environment promoting the emergence of automaticity. In Experiment 2, we introduced errors into the material, and in Experiment 3 we introduced “alerting” conditions to interfere with the development of automaticity. The results indicated that the subjects in the varied-order and alert conditions detected significantly more errors than did those in the fixed-order condition. The implications of the findings for current theories of automaticity are discussed as well as those for the design of checklist procedures.
Killing Us With Kindness or What To Do With Those Gifts

As librarians increasingly concentrate on planned collection development, gift material may distract from specific selection goals. Marginal gifts — donated materials that are outside a library's stated collecting policies — should be evaluated carefully before being added to the collection. Gift books may duplicate material already in the collection or may be entirely outside the subject scope of the library. Gifts are never truly free; they cost the library time and money to process and may also create problems later if they must be discarded. It is the librarian's professional responsibility to evaluate them in terms of collection goals and not simply allow the human side of graceful acceptance to prevail.
Emergency department management of patients with ACE-inhibitor angioedema.

Abstract Background Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are one of the most prescribed medications worldwide. Angioedema is a well-recognized adverse effect of this class of medications, with a reported incidence of ACEI angioedema of up to 1.0%. Of importance to note, ACEI angioedema is a class effect and is not dose dependent. The primary goal of this literature search was to determine the appropriate Emergency Department management of patients with ACEI angioedema. Methods A MEDLINE literature search from January 1990 to August 2012 and limited to human studies written in English for articles with keywords of ACEI angioedema. Guideline statements and non-systematic reviews were excluded. Studies identified then underwent a structured review from which results could be evaluated. Results Five hundred sixty-two papers on ACEI angioedema were screened and 27 appropriate articles were rigorously reviewed in detail and recommendations given. Conclusion The literature search did not support any specific treatment protocol with a high level of evidence due to the limited—and limitations of the—available studies.
Synthesis of d2 Tungsten Arene Complexes and Their Reaction with Diphenylacetylene

The synthesis of the d2 arene complexes [W(NPh)(η6-arene)(o-(Me3SiN)2C6H4)] (arene = C6H5Et (3), C6H5Pr (4)) by the room-temperature hydrogenolysis of the dialkyl complexes [W(NPh)(o-(Me3SiN)2C6H4)(R)2] (R = CH2CH2Ph (1), CH2CH2CH2Ph (2)) is described. The ethylbenzene complex 3 reacts with diphenylacetylene, giving the metallacyclopent-3-ene complex 5.
Seasonal Variations in Fuel and Fuel Consumption by Fires in a Bluestem Prairie

Plots in an ungrazed, re—established grassland near Omaha, Nebraska, USA, dominated by little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius), were burned at 3—wk intervals from March through November 1976. The amount of vegetative biomass consumed during burning, a measure of flammability, was high throughout the study period, varying from >99% in April to 84% in mid—June. Areas burned in March were able to carry a second fire in October of the same year. High flammability throughout the growing season, in conjunction with current fire and climatic records, suggests that widespread, late—summer fires were probably common in presettlement, ungrazed, bluestem prairies. See full-text article at JSTOR
Characterization of the Two-Component, FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase SgcC That Requires Carrier Protein-Tethered Substrates for the Biosynthesis of the Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotic C-1027

C-1027 is a potent antitumor antibiotic composed of an apoprotein (CagA) and a reactive enediyne chromophore. The chromophore has four distinct chemical moieties, including an (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxy-β-tyrosine moiety, the biosynthesis of which from l-α-tyrosine requires five proteins: SgcC, SgcC1, SgcC2, SgcC3, and SgcC4; a sixth protein, SgcC5, catalyzes the incorporation of this β-amino acid moiety into C-1027. Biochemical characterization of SgcC has now revealed that (i) SgcC is a two-component, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent monooxygenase, (ii) SgcC is only active with SgcC2 (peptidyl carrier protein)-tethered substrates, (iii) SgcC-catalyzed hydroxylation requires O2 and FADH2, the latter supplied by the C-1027 pathway-specific flavin reductase SgcE6 or Escherichia coli flavin reductase Fre, and (iv) SgcC efficiently catalyzes regioselective hydroxylation of 3-substituted β-tyrosyl-S-SgcC2 analogues, including the chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, fluoro-, and methyl-substituted analogues, but do...
OKL38 is an oxidative stress response gene stimulated by oxidized phospholipids

Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OxPAPC) is present in oxidative modified LDL and accumulates in lesions of many chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In a microarray study, OxPAPC has been demonstrated to modulate the expression of >700 genes in human aortic endothelial cells. We found that the levels of mRNA for OKL38 [also named Bone marrow Derived Growth Factor (BDGI)], a tumor growth inhibitor, were strongly increased by OxPAPC. Here, we report that OKL38 is regulated by an oxidative signal induced by OxPAPC and its component lipid 1-palmitoyl-2-epoxyisoprostane E2-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. The stimulation of OKL38 by OxPAPC depends on superoxide production, because the NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor apocynin and the superoxide scavenger N-acetyl cysteine block this stimulation. Oxidative stress by tert-butylhydroquinone treatment also induced the expression of OKL38. The stimulation of OKL38 expression by OxPAPC is mediated via transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2), a common factor involved in the regulation of oxidative stress-stimulated genes. Activation of Nrf2 induces the expression of OKL38, whereas small interfering RNA knockdown of Nrf2 blocks the stimulation of OKL38 by OxPAPC. Our results suggest that OKL38 is regulated via the Nox/Nrf2 pathway in response to oxidative stress stimuli.
Thermocline flux exchange during the Pinatubo event

[1] We analyze the temperature anomaly of the Pinatubo eruption using an exact mathematical solution of a standard energy balance model that includes coupling between the mixed layer and the thermocline. Our solution yields a short response time τ = 4.4 months and a small climate sensitivity λ = 0.22 C/(W/m2), implying short-term negative feedback. Also, our analysis determines a value of the effective eddy diffusion constant κ = 2 × 10−6 m2/s that is much smaller than that assumed in many climate models. We find for this model that the heat flux to the thermocline reverses sign and integrates to zero for any forcing of finite duration. This effect should be observable in any future Pinatubo-type event.
Parliaments and Coalitions: The Role of Legislative Institutions in Multiparty Governance

Parliaments and Coalitions: The Role of Legislative Institutions in Multiparty Governance edited by Lanny W. Martin and Georg Vanberg. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. pp. xi + 174. £50.00, h...
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

SCHEMIC cardiomyopathy is an anatomic condition emanating from a sustained imbalance between oxygen supply and demand of the heart that, in turn, leads to myocyte loss with resultant myocardial scarring and ventricular failure. Cell loss can occur as a result of focal narrowing or occlusion of the main coronary arteries by atherosclerosis, spasm of the epicardial or intramural branches of the coronary circulation, and alterations of the capillary network, which in an independent or combined fashion create varying degrees of ischemia and tissue injury. These pathologic processes affecting the large, intermediate, and small sized arteries and arterioles, and the capillary microcirculation are responsible for a variety of clinical manifestations. The resulting clinical spectrum ranges from acute myocardial infarction to chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy developing years after initial segmental loss of functioning tissue. The latter may take the form of a dilated congestive ischemic myopathy that is characterized solely by discrete but multiple focal sites of myocardial damage in the ventricular wall. Structural alterations of the myocardium resulting from ischemia-induced tissue injury and their impact on the evolution of the cardiomyopathic heart have been studied experimentally in the last decade in order to elucidate the pathophysiologic events implicated in the onset, development, and progression of congestive heart failure of ischemic origin. This article reviews the quantitative morphological characteristics of the ventricular myocardium in ischemia in an attempt to analyze how both losses in cardiac mass and tissue regeneration by cellular reserve growth mechanisms participate in ventricular wall remodeling and ultimate myocardial dysfunction,
Quantitative anatomic analysis of "stent creep" of explanted Hancock standard porcine bioprostheses used for cardiac valve replacement.

Abstract The degree of progressive inward deflection of the stent posts (“stent creep”) during function of Hancock standard orifice porcine aortic valve bioprostheses is unknown. The present investigation determines, using a quantitative geometric analysis of clinically removed bioprostheses, the contribution of stent creep to progressive reduction in the outflow orifice area of these valves. Fifty-four Hancock standard orifice porcine aortic valve bioprostheses obtained at reoperation or at autopsy of 50 patients were studied; 47 of these were removed more than 21 months postoperatively. The projected geometric outflow orifice area of each prosthesis was planimetrically measured. To compare prostheses through the entire range of available sizes, this measured area was divided by that of an unimplanted valve of the same size to calculate a ratio designated the “normalized outflow area ratio” (NOAR). Thus, by definition, for all unimplanted standards, NOAR was 1.00. In 7 prostheses in place for less than 1 month, the NOAR was 1.00 ± 0.03 (mean ± standard deviation). In 47 prostheses removed 21 to 126 months postoperative, the NOAR was 0.91 ± 0.08. The relation between NOAR and duration of function determined by linear regression was NOAR = 0.955 − 4.560 × 10 −4 × Duration (in months). The minimum NOAR found was 0.74; the NOAR was less than 0.80 in 4 prostheses (8% of long-term valves). Thus, stent creep is usually not prominent after long-term function of Hancock standard orifice procine bioprostheses and suggests that clinically important progressive reduction of the geometric outflow orifice is infrequent.
Membrane structure of OsO4-fixed erythrocytes viewed "face on" by electron microscope techniques.

Abstract A carbon replica technique is used to study the membrane of OsO 4 -fixed rat erythrocytes. When metal-shadowed, the replicas show pebbly or granular structure at the level of 400 to 500 A. Examination of unshadowed replicas reveals organic material, attached to the carbon, in what seems to be a repeatedly looped, filamentous structure. The possible relationship of these filaments to elinin is discussed.
Control of a dynamic vibration absorber with magnetorheological damping

Two control techniques are explored analytically for a dynamic vibration absorber with a magnetorheological fluid damper replacing the absorber dashpot. The approaches include skyhook control and an approximation to a linear quadratic optimal control. The approximate-optimal control, which attempts to match the magnetorheological damper force to an optimal control force based on a linear absorber, is shown to improve the dymanic absorber performance over a substantial range of excitation frequencies and force levels, while the skyhook approach is less successful. Detuning the absorber natural frequency below the optimal detuning for a linear absorber improves performance in the approximate- optimal case.
Physiology--dinosaur or phoenix?

Physiologists are not accustomed to thinking of themselves as an endangered species, but perhaps we need to consider that possibility. Not long ago, a distinguished medical scientist asked me, "What's left in physiology today ifyou take away the neural and cellular parts?" When I finally grasped the assumptions behind his question, I was amazed, for he thought that all the other problems of physiology had been solved, that the physiology of organ systems and the integration of functions in living animals are completely understood. Physiology, he believed, had reached a static condition, like gross anatomy. Apart from a few minor details, the excitement was over. To a physiologist, this image clashes so sharply with reality that he wonders how it could arise. The answer, I suggest, is that scientists have become so specialized that we are in danger of forgetting the broad scope of biology. In seeking a full explanation, we must recall three developments in the years after the Second World War: advances in physiological knowledge stimulated by federal support of research, technical innovations that were in part the result of military needs, and the discoveries that created modern genetics and molecular biology. Some of the gains in physiology, particularly in the cardiovascular and respiratory fields, were widely recognized because they quickly found practical application in medicine and surgery. Others, like electrophysiology and the concept of cell "receptors," laid foundations that would become more and more important as time went on. Meanwhile, improvements in instrumentation altered virtually all of the life sciences, using the echoes of "sonar" to outline the internal structures of man, the X-ray diffraction of crystallographers to deduce the structure of complex biological molecules, and the digital computer
Depletion Flocculation Strategy for the Fabrication of Ceramic Powder Coatings on Ceramic Fibers

A colloidal processing approach combining the phenomena of depletion flocculation and steric stabilization has been used in the preparation of high-quality coatings (monolayer and thicker) of silicon particles on silicon carbide fibers. Grafting procedures for the steric additive and the use of the depletion flocculation method to achieve dispersions of relatively high solids concentration are described. The impact of processing parameters on coating quality is demonstrated through electron microscopic images. The relationship between optimal processing parameters and the size and shape characteristics of the solid particles used is also discussed.
The evaluation of various cladding materials for down-hole drilling applications using the pin-on-disk test

Abstract Eleven different hard-face claddings were evaluated for banding deep-hole drilling shafts to minimize friction and wear with the well casings. Friction forces were measured using 4140 pins on disks clad with both current commercial alloys and several developmental alloys. These were lubricated with simulated “mud” slurry consisting of bentonite clay and silica powder mixed in water. Loads and speeds were varied to determine the sensitivity of friction with operating conditions. The friction coefficients varied between 0.3 and 0.4 for all cases. Although the range is relatively narrow, differences of this magnitude could still be important in reducing the energy required to drill. Higher rotational speeds resulted in slightly lower friction coefficients, but the effect of loads between 2 and 5 N were not significant. The results were also evaluated with respect to alloy composition, oxide film composition, surface hardness and surface roughness, all variables which could have an effect on the friction coefficient. The lower alloy content iron based compositions seemed to produce lower friction coefficients, possibly due to the production of iron oxide flakes which could act as a solid lubricant. Although the hardness of the claddings varied over a wide range, there was no apparent relationship to friction as was also the case for the surface roughness. The microstructures of higher friction claddings had finer and more homogeneous features than lower friction claddings.
Review: Aspirin lowers the risk for MI but not for stroke in persons who do not have established vascular disease

Source Citation Hart RG, Halperin JL, McBride R, et al. Aspirin for the primary prevention of stroke and other major vascular events. Meta-analysis and hypotheses. Arch Neurol. 2000 Mar;57:326-32. ...
Measles Vaccine Strains for Virotherapy of Non–Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma

Introduction Oncolytic virus therapy is a promising therapy for numerous tumor types. Edmonston-strain measles virus (MV) has been tested in clinical trials for ovarian cancer, glioma, and myeloma. Therefore, the antitumor activity of MV against non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was assessed. Methods Human NSCLC cells and immortalized lung epithelial cell lines, Beas2B, were infected with either MV-producing green fluorescent protein or MV-producing carcinoembryonic antigen. Cells were assessed for viability, induction of apoptosis by caspase and poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, and for viral transgene production. The dependency of MV entry on CD46 and nectin-4 were determined using blocking antibodies. The role of host translational activity on viral replication was assessed by overexpression of eIF4E and translation inhibition. Antitumor activity was assessed by measuring treated NSCLC xenografts from flanks of nude mice. Results MV infection of NSCLC cells results in potent cell killing in most of the cell lines compared with immortalized Beas2B cells and induces apoptosis. MV infection was prevented by blocking of CD46, however independent of nectin-4 blockade. Tumor weights are diminished after intratumoral injections of MV-producing carcinoembryonic antigen in one of two cell lines and result in detectable viral transgene in serum of mice. Conclusions These data indicate that MV is oncolytic for human NSCLC and this was independent of nectin-4 expression. Dysregulated protein translational machinery may play a role in determining tumor tropism in NSCLC. MV combined with gemcitabine could be explored further as chemovirotherapy for NSCLC.
Hard choices--alternatives for reining in Medicare and Medicaid spending.

The debate over how to control the growth in Medicare and Medicaid spending has intensified, and alternative blueprints for reform have emerged. The two most prominent proposals have been put forward by House Budget Committee Chair Paul Ryan and the White House.
Grounding-line basal melt rates determined using radar-derived internal stratigraphy

We use ice-penetrating radar data across grounding lines of Siple Dome and Roosevelt Island, Antarctica, to measure the spatial pattern, magnitude and duration of sub-ice-shelf melting at these locations. Stratigraphic layers across the grounding line show, in places, a large-amplitude downwarp at, or slightly downstream of, the grounding line due to sub-ice-shelf basal melting. Localized downwarping indicates that melting is transient; melt rates, or the grounding line position, have changed within a few hundred years in order to produce the observed stratigraphy. Elsewhere, no melt- related stratigraphic signature is preserved. In part, heterogeneity in the amount of sub-ice-shelf melt is due to regional circulation patterns in the sub-shelf cavity, but local (on the order of tens of kilometers) heterogeneity in the melt pattern may reflect small differences in the shape of the ice-shelf base at the grounding line. We find that all of the grounding lines crossed have been in place for at most � 400 years.
Dynamic probability estimator for machine learning

An efficient algorithm for dynamic estimation of probabilities without division on unlimited number of input data is presented. The method estimates probabilities of the sampled data from the raw sample count, while keeping the total count value constant. Accuracy of the estimate depends on the counter size, rather than on the total number of data points. Estimator follows variations of the incoming data probability within a fixed window size, without explicit implementation of the windowing technique. Total design area is very small and all probabilities are estimated concurrently. Dynamic probability estimator was implemented using a programmable gate array from Xilinx. The performance of this implementation is evaluated in terms of the area efficiency and execution time. This method is suitable for the highly integrated design of artificial neural networks where a large number of dynamic probability estimators can work concurrently.
In Vitro Conversion of Corticosterone-4-14C to 18-Hydroxycorticosterone by Zona Fasciculata-Reticularis of Beef Adrenal

The in vitro conversion of corticosterone-4-14C to 18-hydroxycorticosterone by the zona fasciculata-reticularis of beef adrenals is shown. Whole homogenate or mitochondrial fractions from the fasciculata-reticularis are able to convert corticosterone-4-14C to 18-hydroxycorticosterone at a rate comparable to that of zona glomerulosa. Despite this significant conversion of corticosterone-4-14C to 18-hydroxycorticosterone, little, if any, was converted to aldosterone. (Endocrinology 80: 214, 1967).
Noise and interlocking signaling pathways promote distinct transcription factor dynamics in response to different stresses

All cells perceive and respond to environmental stresses through elaborate stress-sensing networks. Yeast cells sense stress through diverse signaling pathways that converge on the transcription factors Msn2 and Msn4, which respond by initiating rapid, idiosyncratic cycles into and out of the nucleus. To understand the role of Msn2/4 nuclear localization dynamics, we combined time-lapse studies of Msn2-GFP localization in living cells with computational modeling of stress-sensing signaling networks. We find that several signaling pathways, including Ras/protein kinase A, AMP-activated kinase, the high-osmolarity response mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and protein phosphatase 1, regulate activation of Msn2 in distinct ways in response to different stresses. Moreover, we find that bursts of nuclear localization elicit a more robust transcriptional response than does sustained nuclear localization. Using stochastic modeling, we reproduce in silico the responses of Msn2 to different stresses, and demonstrate that bursts of localization arise from noise in the signaling pathways amplified by the small number of Msn2 molecules in the cell. This noise imparts diverse behaviors to genetically identical cells, allowing cell populations to "hedge their bets" in responding to an uncertain future, and to balance growth and survival in an unpredictable environment.
Appropriate excitation wavelength removes obfuscations from pyrene excimer kinetics and mechanism studies.

The experimental procedures of time-resolved laser photolysis studies of pyrene excimer formation in solution have been scrutinized and the appropriate modifications have been implemented. Contrary to the experimental methods applied in all related previous work, the selection of a suitable excitation wavelength (such that the corresponding pyrene absorbance is less than 0.5 absorbance units) utilized in our study results in simple homogeneous kinetics. Consequently, the rate parameters obtained and the mechanism proposed differ significantly from those published previously. The rate constant values of the unimolecular decay of the pyrene monomer, the unimolecular decay of the pyrene excimer, and the excimer formation in decane solution (η = 0.860 mPa s) at 25 °C are (2.38 ± 0.01) × 106 s−1, (2.78 ± 0.02) × 107 s−1, and (3.11 ± 0.06) × 109 M−1 s−1, respectively. The dissociation of the excimer to form a singlet excited state pyrene and a ground state pyrene was shown to be negligible. The energies of activation corresponding to the monomer and excimer unimolecular decays were found to be 2.51 ± 0.07 and 25.7 ± 0.7 kJ mol−1, respectively. Also, our temperature resolved laser photolysis data revealed that the excimer formation has a negative energy of activation equal to −11.2 ± 0.5 kJ mol−1. This unique phenomenon may be attributed to steric effects in the collision of the reactants. The current findings are important for the correct data analysis and interpretation in many applications of the pyrene excimer.
Catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: psychopathology and pathophysiology

Catatonia was originally described as a psychomotor syndrome in the 19th century by Kahlbaum including motor, affective and behavioral symptoms. Later, at the beginning of the 20th century, catatonia was rather considered as the motoric manifestation of schizophrenia. Accordingly, neuropathological research focused predominantly on those neuroanatomical substrates, i.e. the basal ganglia being primarily involved in the generation of movements. Even though some authors observed minor alterations in the basal ganglia, consistent findings in these subcortical structures could not be obtained. Since neuroleptics can induce catatonic-like symptoms i.e. neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), there has been a recent re-emergence in clinical and scientific interest in catatonia. However, exact psychopathological and pathophysiological characterization of both NMS and catatonia remains unclear. Clinically, catatonia and NMS show more or less similar motor symptoms i.e. akinesia. These may be accounted for by dysregulation in cortical-subcortical circuits between motor/premotor cortex and basal ganglia i.e. the so-called “motor loop”. While in NMS the “motor loop” may be dysregulated by neuroleptic blockade of subcortical striatal D-2 receptors one may rather assume cortical gaba-ergic alteration in catatonia. The premotor/motor cortex and consecutively the “motor loop” may be dysregulated by gaba-ergic abnormalities in orbitofrontal cortex. Gaba-ergic cortical dysfunction may account for affective and behavioural abnormalities in catatonia which cannot be observed as such in NMS. Consequently, one may characterize catatonia as a cortical “psychomotor syndrome” while NMS may rather be regarded as subcortical “motor syndrome”.
Design, fabrication and demonstration of a MEMS steam generator for ejector pump applications

The design, fabrication, successful demonstration and characterization of a microfabricated steam generator based on the homogeneous catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide are presented. The device consists of a mixer, a reactor and a nozzle, and it produces a jet of high-speed steam that can be used for driving ejector pumps and for nanosatellite microthrusters. Numerically implemented coupled chemical, thermal and fluidic modeling was used to design the device, which was then fabricated via bulk micromachining and enclosed in a thermally insulating package. The device operated successfully with 90% peroxide catalyzed by a ferrous chloride tetrahydrate solution. Refractive index analysis is used to confirm full peroxide decomposition, and visual inspection and temperature measurements are used to confirm full water vaporization. The experimental results are analyzed to provide comprehensive model verification.
Euler-Maclaurin Formula

In q-calculus, the Jackson formula (19.2) provides a way to compute explicitly a q-antiderivative of any function. Recall that the Jackson formula was deduced formally using operators. We will do a similar thing for the h-antiderivative in this chapter.
How to Incorporate Cooperative Learning Principles in the Classroom: It’s More Than Just Putting Students in Teams

This article describes how to structure team assignments using a cooperative learning framework. With examples from a classroom situation, it provides techniques for creating an environment where teams achieve mutual goals and group rewards and where members are responsible for doing their share of the work and for mastery of the material to be learned.
Effect of High Dietary Vitamin E on Lipid Stability of Oven-cooked and Hot-smoked Trout Fillets

Supplementing α-tocopheryl acetate (300 and 5000 mg/kg diet) in a trout finishing diet was done to minimize lipid oxidation in oven-cooked fillets and hot-smoked products. Hot-smoked processing did not affect α-tocopherol content of finished products compared with raw fillets. Feeding diets containing 5000 mg vitamin E/kg increased muscle α-tocopherol content that minimized lipid oxidation in (1) oven-cooked fillets produced from fresh and 7-d refrigerated fillets and (2) hot-smoked products following refrigerated storage for 8 wk. Dietary vitamin E did not affect fatty acid composition of products from either cooking method. Oven-cooked fillets produced from 7-d refrigerated, raw fillets and refrigerated, smoked products had lower percentages of omega-6 fatty acids and lower omega-3 fatty acids:omega-6 fatty acids ratios compared with fresh, raw samples.
Simple mass spectrometric differentiation of the n-3, n-6 and n-9 series of methylene interrupted polyenoic acids

A method is described to assign the positional series of methylene interrupted polyenoic acids, in complex mixtures, isolated from hydrolysed lipid extracts. It entails a simple comparison of the intensities of three ions of m/z 108, 150 and 192.
Photoemission Studies of the Electronic Structure of Solids

A discussion of ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy is given, A central theme which is applied to photoemission is that both theory and experiment profit from mutual interaction. Examples which are discussed include experimental and theoretical studies of d-bands in Cu, studies of Au including liquid Au, studies of the Pd/H system, the magnetic semiconductor of EuS, and chemisorbed CO on Ni.
Frequency domain fluorimetry using a mercury vapor lamp

Frequency Domain (FD) fluorimetry, capitalizes on the frequency response function of a fluorophore and offers independence from light scatter and excitation/emission intensity variations in order to extract the sample's fluorescent lifetime. Mercury vapor lamps, a common source of industrial facility lighting, emit radiation that overlaps the UV/blue absorption spectrum of many fluorophores and may be used as an efficient and portable excitation source. The AC power modulation of mercury vapor lamps modulates the lamp's intensity at 120 Hz (in the United States) and higher harmonics. The fluorescent lifetimes for 3 different materials (willemite, uranium doped glass and U3O8) are measured with conventional techniques and compared with the FD technique using the power harmonics from a mercury vapor lamp. The mercury lamp measurements agree to within 25% of the conventional methods.
Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer

Background: According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer accounts for ∼27% of all incident cancer cases among men and is the second most common (noncutaneous) cancer among men. The relation between diet and prostate cancer is still unclear. Because people do not consume individual foods but rather foods in combination, the assessment of dietary patterns may offer valuable information when determining associations between diet and prostate cancer risk. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns (nonvegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, vegan, and semi-vegetarian) and prostate cancer incidence among 26,346 male participants of the Adventist Health Study-2. Design: In this prospective cohort study, cancer cases were identified by matching to cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to estimate HRs by using age as the time variable. Results: In total, 1079 incident prostate cancer cases were identified. Around 8% of the study population reported adherence to the vegan diet. Vegan diets showed a statistically significant protective association with prostate cancer risk (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85). After stratifying by race, the statistically significant association with a vegan diet remained only for the whites (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.86), but the multivariate HR for black vegans showed a similar but nonsignificant point estimate (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.18). Conclusion: Vegan diets may confer a lower risk of prostate cancer. This lower estimated risk is seen in both white and black vegan subjects, although in the latter, the CI is wider and includes the null.
More Character Formulas

In this lecture we give two more formulas for the multiplicities of an irreducible representation of a semisimple Lie algebra or group. First, Freudenthal’s formula 025.1) gives a straightforward way of calculating the multiplicity of a given weight once we know the multiplicity of all higher ones. This in turn allows us to prove in §25.2 the Weyl character formula, as well as another multiplicity formula due to Kostant. Finally, in §25.3 we give Steinberg’s formula for the decomposition of the tensor product of two arbitrary irreducible representations of a semisimple Lie algebra, and also give formulas for some pairs \( \mathfrak{h} \subset \mathfrak{g}\) 11 c g for the decomposition of the restriction to \( \mathfrak{h}\) of irreducible representations of \(\mathfrak{g} \).
Achieving Beautiful Lip Augmentation

Achieving successful and beautiful lip augmentation is a balance of the physician’s aesthetic eye, the patient’s natural anatomy, and the patient’s desired look. A key to a satisfied patient is to understand the patient’s concerns and goals. This is established during the consultation, in which the patient’s goals for her lips are discussed. Does a patient want her lips larger or simply to have better definition when applying lip liner? Patients have unique preferences, such as whether he or she wants the upper lip larger or smaller than the lower lip or how large the lip should be. Some want central fullness, while others desire a full lip across the entire length. These goals are discussed in the context of the examination period. Some patients have very thin lips, which may not be amenable to the goals that they have in mind. Some have a very long distance from the nose to the vermillion border and augmentation would make a heavy protruding upper lip. Many patients are afraid to have the lip overdone and need reassurance that enhancement can be very natural and undetectable. Patients with a history of herpes simplex virus may need to be treated prior to the procedure. Allergies and filler choices are discussed as well. The discussion will therefore outline a reasonable outcome, duration, expense, risks, and benefits.
Diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and the role of endoscopic ultrasound.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PETs) such as the one described in the interesting case report by Adebajo and associates1 are exceedingly rare but generate much clinical interest due to their protean and often dramatic manifestations. They comprise 1–2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. The annual incidence of clinically symptomatic PETs is less than 1 in 100,000, although the prevalence of asymptomatic PETs in autopsy studies is higher, ranging from 0.8% to 10%.2,3 Nonfunctioning PETs are most common, accounting for 70–90% of all PETs,3 followed by insulinomas and gastrinomas, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing tumors, glucagonomas, somatostatinomas, and others occur very rarely, in decreasing order of incidence. Among the other hormones secreted by PETs extremely rarely are growth hormone–releasing factor, parathyroid hormone–related protein, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Although PETs do occur sporadically, they have a much higher incidence (30–75%) in patients with the hereditary syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1 (MEN-1). Other inherited syndromes less commonly associated with PETs include von Hippel-Lindau disease, von Reckling-hausen disease, and tuberous sclerosis.
An Improved Cluster Pair Correlation Method for Obtaining the Absolute Proton Hydration Energy and Enthalpy Evaluated with an Expanded Data Set

An improved cluster pair correlation method that is based on the method originally introduced by Tuttle et al. (Tuttle et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 925−932) was developed and evaluated using a significantly larger data set than used previously. With this larger data set, values for the absolute proton hydration free energy of −259.3 and −265.0 kcal/mol were obtained using the original and improved method, respectively. The former value is ∼4.5 kcal/mol less negative than previously reported values obtained with the same method but with smaller data sets. The dependence of this value on data set size indicates that the uncertainty in the original method may be greater than previously realized. The improved method has the advantages of higher precision, and the effects of cluster size on the proton hydration free energy and enthalpy values can be more readily evaluated. Data for ions with extreme pKas, many of which were included in previous estimates of the proton hydration free energy, were found to...
Substitution of [Ru10C2(CO)24]2- with Allene. Reversible Formation of [Ru10C2(CO)22(μ-η2:η2-C3H4)]2- and [Ru10C2(CO)20(μ-η2:η2-C3H4)2]2-

Substitution of carbonyl ligands in [Ru10C2(CO)24]2- (1) by allene (1,2-propadiene) proceeds cleanly in diglyme at 90 °C (1 atm) to afford the monoallene derivative [Ru10C2(CO)22(μ-η2:η2-C3H4)]2- (2). Treatment of either 1 or 2 with allene at 140 °C (1 atm) forms the disubstituted derivative [Ru10C2(CO)20(μ-η2:η2-C3H4)2]2- (3) in high yield. The new clusters have been isolated as salts with [PPN]+ or [PPh3CH2CH2PPh3]2+ counterions and have been characterized by analytical, spectroscopic, and X-ray crystallographic methods. The framework structures of both molecular cluster anions 2 and 3 are based on edge-shared bioctahedra, with the allene ligands bridging one or two pairs of apical positions, respectively. The idealized symmetries are C2 for 2 and D2 for 3. The solution structures and dynamics of 2 and 3 have been studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy, including variable-temperature and 13C−13C COSY experiments.
Secondary Production of the Amphipod Ampelisca abdita Mills and Its Importance in the Diet of Juvenile Winter Flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) in Jamaica Bay, New York

The benthic amphipod Ampelisca abdita dominates mudbottom benthic communities in Jamaica Bay (New York). In this study, we investigated the trophic role of Ampelisca in relation to winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) populations—the most frequently trawled fish species in Jamaica Bay. Flounders collected by trawl during summer 1989 were primarily juveniles. Stomach analyses indicated that amphipod crustaceans contributed >99% of prey individuals, with A. abdita making up 88%. Density and size frequency analyses of Ampelisca at three sites indicated two overlapping cohorts: a spring cohort released in June and a summer cohort released in late summer. Most overwintering survivors come from the summer cohort. Secondary production of Ampelisca was estimated at three sites using the cohort summation of biomass method. Estimates of annual production ranged from 25 g DW to 47 g DW m−2 (mortality + residual biomass); production due to growth ranged from 20 g DW to 26 g DW. Simulations of spring cohort production using a range of plausible growth and mortality schedules suggested that P∶B may be more sensitive to variability in survivorship than growth. Ampelisca secondary production in Jamaica Bay is compared with other amphipod species and with macrobenthic production in other coastal and estuarine systems. We conclude that observed amphipod production is probably more than sufficient to support local winter flounder populations in Jamaica Bay, and we speculate that high nutrient loadings may indirectly stimulate amphipod production. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY058 00010
Solute diffusion in swollen membranes: VI. A model for diffusion in heterogeneous media

A new model is derived to calculate the solute diffusion coefficient through heterogeneous membranes consisting of a crosslinked, swollen phase and an impermeable, crystalline phase. The solute diffusion coefficient is shown to depend on various structural characteristics of the amorphous permeable phase and on the volume fraction of the impermeable phase.
Exploring the familial impact of cold case homicides

ABSTRACTIn the aftermath of an unsolved homicide, surviving family members are forced to cope with the murder and how it affects their family unit. This paper examines the experiences of 12 cold case homicide survivors from four families, providing a much needed voice to cold case homicide survivors. Utilizing in-depth interviews to understand the survivors’ stories, five themes emerged including time spent with related survivors, becoming overprotective, impacts on existing relationships, pressure to stay strong and the difficulties of family traditions. The findings provide an initial framework for understanding the impact of a cold case homicide on the family unit for both survivors and related practitioners. The data indicates that throughout the grief process survivors should be encouraged to engage in private and collective grieving, recognize and address their behavioral and emotional changes, openly discuss the perceived impact on their relationships and reshape family traditions.
Adhesion and direct integrin engagement differentially regulate gene transcription, transcript stabilization and translation.

460 Adhesion and direct integrin engagement differentially regulate gene transcription, transcript stabilization and translation K. Mondal*, A. K. Lofquistt, J. M. Watsont, J. S. Morrist, L. K. Pricet and J. S. Haskill*t$ *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, tLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and $Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A.
Perturbative analysis of the electron electric dipole moment and CP violation in two-Higgs-doublet models

I consider a general two-Higgs-doublet model with $CP$ violation. I give a perturbative expansion for the mass eigenstates in terms of the small $CP$-violating phase. I use these analytical expressions to show that $\mathcal{O}({10}^{\ensuremath{-}2})$ $CP$ violation is allowed by the experimental bounds on the electron electric dipole moment in some regions of the parameter space. These regions also include parameters that are expected to give a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition required for electroweak baryogenesis. I also comment on how to incorporate the $CP$ violation into the searches for a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition which could explain the matter/antimatter asymmetry in the Universe.
Youth Whose Weight Exceeds Healthy Guidelines Are High-Risk Targets for Tobacco Prevention Messaging and Close Monitoring of Cigarette Use

Abstract Background: Adolescents are long-standing tobacco prevention targets, given that smoking patterns typically originate before adulthood. Pediatric overweight/obesity remains at epidemic levels. Links between these two biobehavioral risks are not well understood, yet of keen public health and pediatric care relevance. The aims of the present study were to examine smoking behaviors and attitudes of overweight (OV), obese (OB), and severely obese (SO) adolescents, compared to healthy weight (HW), utilizing the nationally representative sample, Monitoring the Future. Methods: Smoking behavior prevalence (ever, current, or age of initiation), perceived risk of harm, disapproval of others smoking, and peer smoking were determined for a pooled 2008–2009 sample of 19,678 10th graders (Mage=16.09±0.47 years) by CDC-defined BMI percentile-based categories within race/ethnic group (69.5% white, 14.5% African American, and 16.0% Hispanic). Logistic regression examined the impact of excess weight status on smo...
Beyond Early Intervention: Supporting Children With CIs Through Elementary School

Background:The development of cochlear implants (CIs) and the broader availability of early intervention, made possible by newborn hearing screening, have raised prospects that deaf children can be mainstreamed at the start of elementary school and fare well with minimal support. This report examine