cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Energy Barriers and Elucidating the Charge Transport Mechanisms across Interspherulite Boundaries in Solution‐Processed Organic Semiconductor Thin Films

Grain boundaries act as bottlenecks to charge transport in devices comprising polycrystalline organic active layers. To improve device performance, the nature and resulting impact of these boundaries must be better understood. The densities and energy levels of shallow traps within and across triethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene (TES ADT) spherulites are quantified. The trap density is 7 × 1010 cm−2 in devices whose channels reside within a single spherulite and up to 3 × 1011 cm−2 for devices whose channels span a spherulite boundary. The activation energy for charge transport, EA, increases from 34 meV within a spherulite to 50–66 meV across a boundary, depending on the angle of molecular mismatch. Despite being molecular in nature, these EA’s are more akin to those found for charge transport in polymer semiconductors. Presumably, trapped TES ADT at the boundary can electrically connect neighboring spherulites, similar to polymer chains connecting crystallites in polymer semiconductor thin films.
Flipping the paradigm on malaria transmission-blocking vaccines

The idea of malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) surfaced more than two decades ago. Since then, the research paradigm focused on developing TBVs that target surface antigens of parasite sexual stages. Only recently has an effort emerged that flipped this paradigm, targeting antigens of the parasite's obligate invertebrate vector, the Anopheles mosquito. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of mosquito-based TBVs and discuss the utility of this approach for future vaccine development.
Bad Apples, Bad Cases, and Bad Barrels: Meta-Analytic Evidence About Sources of Unethical Decisions at Work

As corporate scandals proliferate, practitioners and researchers alike need a cumulative, quantitative understanding of the antecedents associated with unethical decisions in organizations. In this meta-analysis, the authors draw from over 30 years of research and multiple literatures to examine individual ("bad apple"), moral issue ("bad case"), and organizational environment ("bad barrel") antecedents of unethical choice. Findings provide empirical support for several foundational theories and paint a clearer picture of relationships characterized by mixed results. Structural equation modeling revealed the complexity (multidetermined nature) of unethical choice, as well as a need for research that simultaneously examines different sets of antecedents. Moderator analyses unexpectedly uncovered better prediction of unethical behavior than of intention for several variables. This suggests a need to more strongly consider a new "ethical impulse" perspective in addition to the traditional "ethical calculus" perspective. Results serve as a data-based foundation and guide for future theoretical and empirical development in the domain of behavioral ethics.
The anatomy and brooding biology of Pottsiella erecta (Potts, 1884) (Ectoprocta: Gymnolaemata: Ctenostomata), with an expanded diagnosis of the Pottsiellidae

Pottsiella erecta (Potts, 1884) is a freshwater benthic colonial species of the Ectoprocta, Class Gymnolaemata. Despite a number of published observations on P. erecta, the species has remained poorly understood and its relationships to other freshwater gymnolaemates unclear. The present study provides anatomical and brooding characteristics pertinent to resolving the relationship of P. erecta with other freshwater gymnolaemates. Among several features, P. erecta contains a collar, lacks any manifestation of the wall of the cardia, has a continuous funiculus, a simple communication plate, lacks a dorso-ventral muscle, and is an external brooder. The combination of characters precludes placing P. erecta with any freshwater or marine group and the monotypic family Pottsiellidae is reinstated for this species. An expanded diagnosis of the Pottsiellidae is provided.
Survey of recognition of Arabic scripts for indoor unmanned aerial vehicles using classical methods for pattern recognition

Interest in unmanned aerial vehicles has been growing significantly and even more interest in Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(A-UAV). The A-UAV in this work is a quad rotor designed for indoor applications capable of performing recognition of name plates in various written arabic script which can be generalized to any form of cursive writing. This paper deals with theory and implementation of holistic recognition of words by fitting ellipses to extracted script contour data and then evaluates the performance of our implemented pattern recognition techniques for real-time systems.
LOWERING FLOORS AND RAISING CEILINGS: A LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF AN EARNINGS-AT-RISK PLAN ON PAY SATISFACTION

The attitudes of 101 bank employees were measured before and after the implementation of an earnings-at-risk (EAR) incentive pay plan which reduced base pay and increased employee risk and uncertainty with respect to total pay. Pay outcome satisfaction and pay process satisfaction both declined significantly over time, but the decrease in pay outcome satisfaction was the greater of the two. An examination of pay satisfaction antecedents at both points in time revealed relatively stable across-time relationships and provided information about some of the reasons for the changes. Perceived reward-to-effort ratio, which declined significantly over time, influenced both dimensions of pay satisfaction at both points in time. Perceived understanding of the pay system, which also declined over time, had a somewhat greater influence on pay process satisfaction than on pay outcome satisfaction, particularly at Time 2. In contrast to actual pay levels, changes in incentive and base pay amounts added more explained variance to the pay outcome satisfaction regression model. The study points out the potential for negative employee reactions to EAR incentive plans, and indicates that managers must ensure that employees understand these systems and feel that EAR plans will reward them equitably for their efforts.
Photosystem II and Hypoxic Quiescence in Alligatorweed

Stem cuttings of alligatorweed [Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.] were subjected to various light and chemical inhibitor treatments to obtain information about the physiological nature of the hypoxic quiescence induced by dark submergence. White or red light at 40 μE m−2 s−1 stimulated growth from submerged stem cuttings but far-red at 5 μE M−2 s−1 did not. Photo-system II inhibitors, such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) 1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) at 1.4 × 10−5M or 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) at 10−5M, completely inhibited the growth that normally occurs in a submerged state under continuous white light at 40 μE m−2 s−1. These concentrations of DCMU or simazine did not reduce nonphotosynthetic growth from underwater nodes of emersed stem cuttings partially exposed to air in the light for 1 week. Hydrogen peroxide at 50 mg/1 added every other day partially relieved the simazine-induced inhibition of growth from submerged, illuminated cuttings. These data indicated that sprouting and early growth of submerged, illuminated alligatorweed depended on the oxygen produced by photosystem II to support respiration and to overcome hypoxic quiescence.
Clinical Trial Management of Subjects

There is a continuing need for research into the pharmacology of aging. Part of this need involves toxicity studies in older animals. Currently, older patients are under-represented in clinical trials. As they become more involved, their unique qualities must be understood and addressed. Changes in the way society deals with older people also must be made to complement this effort.
Linkage mapping of principal components for femoral biomechanical performance in a reciprocal HCB-8 × HCB-23 intercross.

Abstract Studies of bone genetics have addressed an array of related phenotypes, including various measures of biomechanical performance, bone size, bone, shape, and bone mineral density. These phenotypes are not independent, resulting in redundancy of the information they provide. Principal component (PC) analysis transforms multiple phenotype data to a new set of orthogonal “synthetic” phenotypes. We performed PC analysis on 17 femoral biomechanical, anatomic, and body size phenotypes in a reciprocal intercross of HcB-8 and HcB-23, accounting for 80% of the variance in 4 PCs. Three of the 4 PCs were mapped in the cross. The linkage analysis revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) with LOD = 4.7 for PC2 at 16 cM on chromosome 19 that was not detected using the directly measured phenotypes. The chromosome 19 QTL falls within a ~ 10 megabase interval, with Osf1 as a positional candidate gene. PC QTLs were also found on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 that coincided with those identified for directly measured or calculated material property phenotypes. The novel chromosome 19 QTL illustrates the power advantage that attends use of PC phenotypes for linkage mapping. Constraint of the chromosome 19 candidate interval illustrates an important advantage of experimental crosses between recombinant congenic mouse strains.
Project ACORN and distributed approaches to ATM networks

Centralized and distributed approaches to the design and implementation of a multi-gigabit per second asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch are discussed. The implementation constraints associated with a centralized switch are demonstrated and an alternative distributed optical network architecture is described. The distributed approach exploits unique opportunities presented through the use of a passive optical medium. A network based on these principles (TeraNet), has been implemented that offers user access rates of 1 Gbit/s. The distributed ATM switch fabric resides in small, geographically dispersed access stations interconnected by a shared, all-optical medium carrying many wavelength-multiplexed channels. Although the underlying multihop architecture for the ATM network produces a lower per-port throughput than that afforded by a large centralized ATM switch, significant implementation advantages exist. Possible techniques to yield a higher per-port throughput approaching that of a large centralized switch are also discussed. >
Abstract 15938: Mice With XX Chromosomes Develop More Severe Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Than With XY Chromosomes Regardless of Their Gonadal Sex

Rationale: Female rodents have shown protection against development of experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). Estrogen has been shown to be protective against experimental PH. The precise role of sex hormones and sex chromosomes in this protection is still not clearly understood. The four core genotypes (FCG) model comprises mice in which sex chromosome complement (XX vs. XY) is independent of animal’s gonadal sex. The four genotypes are XX gonadal males or females, and XY gonadal males or females. As females have demonstrated protection against development of experimental PH, we hypothesized that having an extra X chromosome may render protection against the development of PH. Methods: Inbred C57BL/6 four core genotype mice were gonadectomized at day 75 after birth to eliminate the role of gonadal hormones in adulthood, and 30 days after gonadectomy, were placed in hypoxia chamber (10% oxygen) for three weeks (n=4-5 per group). Direct cardiac catheterization was performed terminally to assess cardiopu...
Abstract WP44: Acute Damage to Corticospinal Tract Detected by Diffusional Kurtosis Correlates with Motor Outcome at 3 Months After Stroke - A Preliminary Report

Background: Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a recently developed diffusion MRI method that yields, in addition to conventional diffusion information, the diffusional kurtosis (K) and white-matter-specific metrics (WMM) that may better characterize tissue microstructure after stroke. This study aims to quantitatively test the hypothesis that motor impairment 3 months post- stroke is correlated with the acute damage to the corticospinal tract (CST) measured by kurtosis metrics. Methods: DKI was acquired from 15 first-time acute ischemic stroke patients in the acute phase (within 48 hours) with various degrees of motor deficit. Patients were assessed at baseline (between 2 to 5 days from onset of symptom) and at 90 days (+/- 14 days) after stroke using the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS). Kurtosis metrics, including WMM (intra-axonal diffusivity (D a ), extra-axonal axial (D e,// ) and radial (D e,// ) diffusivity ) as well as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), mean Kurtosis (MK) were measured in the lesional CST. Correlation analyses were applied among these metrics and FMMS at 90 days. Results: Corticospinal tract intra-axonal environment was altered by acute ischemia. D a ( r = 0.75, p = 0.001) and D e,// ( r = 0.52, p=0.048) measured in the acute phase correlated with motor outcome at 3 months. FA, MD, MK and D e,// showed no significant correlations. Conclusions: The preliminary data supports acute damage to CST detected by WMM with DKI correlated with motor outcome at 3 months. The WMM has potential to be an early imaging biomarker for motor outcome prediction.
Microstructural and compositional contributions towards the mechanical behavior of aging human bone measured by cyclic and impact reference point indentation

The assessment of fracture risk often relies primarily on measuring bone mineral density, thereby accounting for only a single pathology: the loss of bone mass. However, bone's ability to resist fracture is a result of its biphasic composition and hierarchical structure that imbue it with high strength and toughness. Reference point indentation (RPI) testing is designed to directly probe bone mechanical behavior at the microscale in situ, although it remains unclear which aspects of bone composition and structure influence the results at this scale. Therefore, our goal in this study was to investigate factors that contribute to bone mechanical behavior measured by cyclic reference point indentation, impact reference point indentation, and three-point bending. Twenty-eight female cadavers (ages 57-97) were subjected to cyclic and impact RPI in parallel at the unmodified tibia mid-diaphysis. After RPI, the middiaphyseal tibiae were removed, scanned using micro-CT to obtain cortical porosity (Ct.Po.) and tissue mineral density (TMD), then tested using three-point bending, and lastly assayed for the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Both the indentation distance increase from cyclic RPI (IDI) and bone material strength index from impact RPI (BMSi) were significantly correlated with TMD (r=-0.390, p=0.006; r=0.430, p=0.002; respectively). Accumulation of AGEs was significantly correlated with IDI (r=0.281, p=0.046), creep indentation distance (CID, r=0.396, p=0.004), and BMSi (r=-0.613, p<0.001). There were no significant relationships between tissue TMD or AGEs accumulation with the quasi-static material properties. Toughness decreased with increasing tissue Ct.Po. (r=-0.621, p<0.001). Other three-point bending measures also correlated with tissue Ct.Po. including the bending modulus (r=-0.50, p<0.001) and ultimate stress (r=-0.56, p<0.001). The effects of Ct.Po. on indentation were less pronounced with IDI (r=0.290, p=0.043) and BMSi (r=-0.299, p=0.037) correlated modestly with tissue Ct.Po. These results suggest that RPI may be sensitive to bone quality changes relating to collagen.
Characteristics, Use and Possible Functions of the Perch Songs and Chatter Calls of Male Common Yellowthroats

The vocal repertoire of male Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) includes a single distinctive perch song, a flight song, and several calls, including a chatter call. To ascertain the function of perch songs and chatter calls and to determine if these vocalizations are altered to convey different information, I examined the singing and calling behavior of male yellowthroats throughout the breeding cycle and in different behavioral contexts. The singing behavior of males changed in two ways after pairing: singing rates declined, suggesting that perch songs play a role in mate attraction, and most songs were uttered with reduced volume. These low volume songs appeared to be directed at mates, perhaps serving to stimulate ovulatory cycles, elicit copulation solicitation, or provide information about potential predators. Male yellowthroats uttered regular volume songs at low rates after pairing, suggesting that their function is not limited to mate attraction. Regular volume songs uttered after pairing appeared to be used in both intrasexual and intersexual contexts. The use of chatter calls did not decline until after females began incubating, and most were directed at conspecific males in aggressive (territorial) contexts. Male yellowthroats typically uttered longer perch songs (more phrases per song) during the nest building/egg laying and incubation/nestling periods, however, the possible function of these longer songs is unknown. My results provided no other evidence that male yellowthroats convey motivational information by varying the temporal and frequency characteristics of either perch songs or chatters
Marginal Utility and the Theory of Relative Advantage: The Case of Alabama

Objective Using the “theory of relative advantage” (Hood, Kidd, and Morris, 2012), this study tests a number of hypotheses focusing on the short- and long-term influences of Governor George Wallace on the partisan voting alignment of Alabama counties at the presidential and gubernatorial levels. Methods The analysis uses county-level vote shares data for president and governor from 1952 to 2012 in a confirmatory factor analysis to model party alignments among counties within a state and to identify the sequence and timing of party realignments (Aistrup, 2012). Results We find that Wallace's presidential county voting patterns in 1968 deviated significantly from Alabama's New Deal structure of partisan competition, and that the structured partisan competition associated with Reagan's election in 1980 follows the same patterns initiated by Wallace in 1968. However, Wallace's New Right alignment at the gubernatorial level does not emerge until the controversial 1986 gubernatorial election. There is a marginal utility function modeled as a curvilinear relationship between black voter mobilization and the change in the Republican bias between the New Deal and the New Right alignment. Conclusions The theory of relative advantage provides a strong theoretical platform for understanding how the political cues provided by Wallace affected the timing and sequence of changes in the structure of partisan competition among Alabama counties at the presidential and gubernatorial levels.
Total Gamma Absorption in C 12 , N 14 , O 16 , and Al 27 at 20 Mev

Total gamma absorption cross sections were measured of ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ from 20.0 to 21.2 Mev, and of ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$, and ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$ from 20.0 to 20.5 Mev using monochromatic gamma rays. A direct absorption technique was used, utilizing ${\mathrm{T}}^{3}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma}){\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ photons, varied in energy by changing the energy of the incident protons. The ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ cross section showed structure with possible resonances at 20.15 Mev, 20.46 Mev, and 20.92 Mev, with integrated cross sections of 1.1, 1.0, and 6.6 Mev millibarns, respectively. ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ showed a sharply rising cross section suggesting a strong resonance above about 20.3 Mev. The cross sections of ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}$ were smooth over the energy interval investigated.
Choosing Sampling Interval Durations for Remotely Classifying Rocky Mountain Elk Behavior

Abstract Dual-axis accelerometer global positioning system collars can be used to remotely record the activity level and behavior of free-ranging animals, but inter- and intraspecific variations in motion among behaviors necessitate calibration for each species of interest. To date, little work has been done to determine the best duration for sampling intervals when using activity monitors that incorporate dual-axis accelerometers. However, we expected that the duration of behaviors relative to the duration of sampling intervals could affect the accuracy of calibration and behavior classification models. Furthermore, we considered the potential effect of winter diet supplementation (hay) on behavior classification. We used Lotek 4500 global positioning system collars featuring dual-axis accelerometer activity monitors to collect data for calibration and classification trials on Rocky Mountain elk Cervus elaphus nelsoni. We used discriminant function model structures to determine the number of accurately c...
Design of Power Line Carrier Channel Characteristics Analyzer

Power line carrier communication is the main local communication mode in the current user eleco energy data acquire system,but due to the power line network's complexity,the effect of the carrier communication is not ideal.A kind of portable analyzer is designed in this paper,and in the system the function of the time and frequency domain characteristic analysis,impedance and transmission characteristic analysis are realized,which may provide theoretical and practical references for making the construction scheme of the carries communication.
Inhibition of paraventricular neurons by subfornical organ and AV3V in cats

The study was designed to examine, by electrophysiological techniques, influences of rostral periventricular structures on neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in a large animal (the cat) in which stimulating and recording sites could be precisely identified. Extracellular single action potentials were recorded from the PVN in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized and hemispherectomized cats. Of 246 neurons tested, 24-47% were inhibited and 9-21% were excited by electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ (SFO), the nucleus preopticus medianus (POMn), and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). The onset latencies of inhibition (19-26 ms) were shorter than those of excitation (28-80 ms). Responses of both neurosecretory and nonneurosecretory neurons were similar to the stimulation of all sites tested. Among these sites, the POMn had the strongest influence on the PVN in view of the proportion of the responsive neurons. Moreover, antidromically evoked action potentials in the PVN neurons (n = 10) were only observed after stimulation of the POMn. Chemical stimulation of POMn and SFO by microinjection of sodium glutamate (50-100 nl, 0.5 M) also inhibited 16 of 38 PVN cells; the remaining neurons were unaffected. These results suggest that activation of the POMn, OVLT, and the SFO neurons mainly inhibits the PVN neurons in the cat.
Adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Gonococcal Treatment Guidelines Among Chicago Health Care Providers, 2011–2012

BACKGROUND Expansion of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae requires rapid adaptation of treatment guidelines and responsive provider practice. We evaluated patient factors associated with provider adherence to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gonococcal treatment recommendations among Chicago providers in 2011 to 2012. METHODS Laboratory-confirmed cases of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea were classified via surveillance data as originating from Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) or non-CDPH providers. Recommended treatment was determined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines: April 2011-July 2012 (period 1) and August-December 2012 (period 2, after August 2012 revision). Multivariable log-binomial regression identified factors associated with recommended treatment over time, stratified by provider type. RESULTS April 2011 through December 2012, 16,646 laboratory-confirmed gonorrhea cases were identified, of which 9597 (57.7%) had treatment information: 2169 CDPH cases and 7428 non-CDPH cases. Documented recommended treatment increased for CDPH (period 1: 71.3%, period 2: 80.8%; P < 0.01) and non-CDPH providers (period 1: 63.5%, period 2: 68.9%; P < 0.01). Among CDPH cases, statistically significant factors associated with recommended treatment were male sex (adjusted prevalence rate ratio [aPRR], 1.16) white versus black race (aPRR, 0.68), same-day treatment (aPRR, 1.07), and period 2 (aPRR, 1.11). Among non-CDPH cases, statistically significant factors were as follows: male sex (aPRR, 1.10), other versus black race (aPRR, 0.91), same-day treatment (aPRR, 1.31), greater number of within-facility reported cases (aPRRs ranging from 1.22 to 1.41), and at least 50% within-facility missing treatment data (aPRR, 0.84). CONCLUSIONS Recommended treatment improved over time, yet remains suboptimal. Efforts to reduce variability and improve provider adherence to recommended treatment are urgently needed.
Usability evaluation of randomized keypad

In this work, the usability of a randomized numeric keypad was examined and compared to the usability of a conventional numeric keypad. The comparison used completion time measurements and the error rate of short (4-digit) and long (8-digit) PINs to contrast efficiency and accuracy of the keypads. The results showed that the average completion time with a randomized keypad is longer than with a conventional keypad. Additionally, the number of errors with a randomized keypad was significantly higher than with a conventional keypad, particularly when using long PINs. Accordingly, a randomized numeric keypad is more applicable to tasks with short (4-digit) PINs.
Cycling Dynamics of NH 4 + and Amino Acid Nitrogen in Soils of a Deciduous Boreal Forest Ecosystem

Conventional studies of nitrogen (N) cycling in forest ecosystems have focused on inorganic N uptake as the primary source of N for plant metabolism. More recently, however, alternative sources of N for plant nutrition, such as free amino acids, have gained attention, particularly in nutrient-limited systems. Using a multiple stable isotope ( 13 C and 15 N) design, that allowed us to simultaneously assess root uptake of ammonium (NH4 ) and glycine, we compared the cycling dynamics of NH4 and amino acid N within the soils of several interior Alaskan floodplain balsam poplar stands. Our design included multiple sampling periods extending from 45 min to 14 days, which permitted us to study interpool transfers of our carbon (C) and N isotopes over time. Microbial biomass N was the largest sink of both 15 N-ammonium and glycine. Percent recovery of 15 N for this pool was an order of magnitude larger than fine-root 15 N uptake for most sampling periods. Although recovery of 15 Ni n
Miniaturized aerosol impactor with integrated piezoelectric thin film resonant mass balance

This work presents chip-scale integration of a thin film piezoelectric MEMS resonant mass balance within an aerosol impactor. A microfabrication process has been developed to build AlN thin film resonant mass balance, impactor nozzle, and impaction micro-chamber on the same silicon substrate. In addition to drastic miniaturization of a conventionally bulky instrument and allowing real-time particulate mass concentration, this approach addresses issues related to alignment between MEMS resonators and nozzles in discrete MEMS balance-impactor assemblies. Furthermore, small nozzle diameters achievable through microfabrication, minimize the air flow and therefore pump capacity requirements. Thin film piezoelectric resonant mass balances offer lower power consumption and improved thermal stability compared to previously demonstrated thermal-piezoresistive resonant balances. Much smaller thickness of the resonant mass balances in this work, also provide higher mass-sensitivity. Laboratory tests were performed on a 7.58 MHz prototype device, embedded within its microfabricated impactor stage with cut-off size of 80nm. Devices demonstrated in this work can be potentially used in personal air-quality monitors due to their small size, low cost, and functionality.
The Potential Value of Lifecycle Planning for Resource Communities and the Influence of Labour Force Mobility

This chapter explores the evolution of two mining communities in remote South Australia and the interaction between planning and labour force mobility . It compares and contrasts two mining operations in remote South Australia at different points in the mine life and how public policy and mining companies impact on the local community and region in a variety of ways. As economic and public policies have changed, so too has the level of dependency on mining activities for a range of work, services and infrastructure. Similarly, as public policy mining operations have changed, the mobility of the labour force has altered. This chapter documents the importance of planning, resources, community development and managing community perceptions of the future.
Arius and the Vampire: Figures of Heresy and Disruption in James Joyce’s Ulysses

This essay focuses on two figures in James Joyce’s Ulysses, the heretic Arius and the vampire, who when examined together address issues of anxiety over the body and artistic creation. Stephen’s early musings on Arius lead directly into his primary act of artistic creation, a poem he writes that begins, “He comes, pale vampire.” Like the heretic, the vampire will recede into the background, but will continue to haunt the novel, offering troubling and disruptive commentary on the narrative. Joyce’s less literal vampires have the ability to change forms—a rat in the cemetery, a bat flying over a church, ghosts of deceased characters, and a “black panther vampire”—and along with his paradigmatic heretic, Arius, they seem to float from the mind of character to character, forcing them to question received wisdom about creation, procreation, authority, succession, and the relationship of body to mind. Throughout the novel, heretics and vampires work as figures of disruption, as symbols of an alternative taxonomy, and as reminders of the threat or promise of undeserved births and unnatural death. Ultimately, we will see that vampire narratives, classical heresy, and Ulysses share a common central project: questioning and rethinking the act of creation itself.
Pacific carbon cycling constrained by organic matter size, age and composition relationships

Organic matter represents a large pool of carbon in the ocean. Radiocarbon and chemical analyses suggest that larger particles are preferentially remineralized in the Pacific Ocean, with smaller particles and molecules persisting longer.
Identification of p53 Aberration-Dependent as Well as Non-p53-Mediated Resistance to MDM2 Inhibitors in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia.

MDM2 inhibitors are under development as novel therapeutic agents in cancers and multiple such compounds have entered early-phase clinical trials. AML is characterized by a relatively low incidence of p53 mutations, thus constituting a tumor type that may have high response rates to MDM2 inhibitors. We have measured apoptosis induction following ex-vivo treatment with the MDM2 inhibitors MI63 and MI-219 in highly purified AML blasts from 80 patients using Annexin-V FACS-based readouts at 40 hours post treatment. IC 50 values for apoptosis induction were calculated using dose response curves and the program XLfit. Data were integrated with p53 exons 5–9 sequence data and p53 immunoblotting data before and after MDM2 inhibitor treatment. Results: AML blast sensitivities to treatment with MI219 fell into three classes: sensitive with IC 50 values 50 values ≥2 to 50 >10μM (26/80=32% of all cases). All eight cases with p53 exons 5–9 sequence mutations were resistant to MI-219. p53 immunoblotting analysis before and after MI219 treatment revealed that the vast majority of resistant cases with wild-type p53 exons 5–9 displayed wild-type p53 induction. Conclusion: AML is characterized by a substantial proportion of cases with partial or complete resistance to MDM2 inhibitor treatment. Further, given that the majority of these cases display wild-type p53 induction after MDM2 inhibitor treatment, it can be concluded that post-p53 network defects confer blocks to apoptosis induction in resistant AML blasts. To identify and catalogue these defects we have begun expression array-based analysis of transcriptome differences in sensitive versus resistant cases, SNP 6.0 array-based analyses of genomic aberrations in sensitive versus resistant cases and targeted molecule interrogations. In summary, our data provide important supportive information regarding the planned initiation of human clinical trials with MDM2 inhibitors in AML. Such trials may benefit from ex-vivo testing of AML blasts for sensitivity to MDM2 inhibitors as part of pre-enrollment patient selection.
Are College Graduates Agents of Change? Education and Political Participation in China

Modernization theorists believe that education empowers citizens to take collective action to challenge authoritarian rule. However, education in most authoritarian countries is government run, and authoritarian governments have enormous incentives to shape the form and content of education in their favor. Educated people in authoritarian regimes are therefore more likely to perceive the strength of the repressive regime and not likely to become “agents of change” to challenge the status quo. I test this argument by examining the effect of higher education on political participation in China. Exploiting a massive college expansion reform that created exogenous variation in access to college education, I show that higher education only has a positive effect on people’s individualistic, expressive behavior, but has no effect on collective action. I also find that China’s college graduates do not differ from the less educated in a range of political attitudes, such as demand for political rights. These findings call into question previous theoretical and practical emphasis on education’s empowering effect in non-democracies.
The impact of pretreatment MRI on genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity after radiation therapy in patients with localized prostate cancer.

119Background: MRI has several advantages relative to other imaging modalities in evaluating, diagnosing, and planning treatment for prostate cancer yet it is rarely ordered for localized disease. While the diagnostic abilities have been studied, little has been done to associate clinical outcomes with prostate cancer patients who received MRI. We evaluated the effect of pre-treatment MRI on genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in prostate cancer patients who received definitive radiation treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed prostate cancer patients who underwent definitive radiation treatment at our facility between January 01, 1999 and July 31, 2014. All patients who underwent MRI of the pelvis or prostate within 5 years prior to treatment were included in the MRI cohort. The American Urological Symptom Score (AUA) and Rectal Assessment Scale (RAS) were used to measure GU and GI toxicity, respectively. We compared the toxicity profile of patients in our MRI cohort to a compar...
Updike’s Creative So(u)rcery in Gertrude and Claudius

In John Updike’s Gertrude and Claudius we have the uncommon example of a novelist spelling out for his readers in both a Foreword and an Afterword the sources that he used for his work, in this cas...
The impact of transdermal flunixin meglumine on biomarkers of pain in calves when administered at the time of surgical castration without local anesthesia

Abstract Castration is a common husbandry practice performed on cattle worldwide. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provide analgesia at the time of castration, labor and medicine costs have been cited as reasons for not including analgesic into castration protocols. This study was conducted to assess the impact of transdermal flunixin meglumine on biomarkers of pain in calves when administered at the time of surgical castration without local anesthesia Twenty three Holstein calves were randomly assigned to (1) a flunixin castrated group (CAST + FLU) (n = 8); (2) a placebo castrated group (CAST + PLBO) (n = 8) or (3) a previously castrated, negative control group (SHAM + PLBO) (n = 7). Treated calves received topical flunixin meglumine applied to their dorsal midline at the label dose of 3.33 mg/kg during the surgical castration procedure. Outcomes collected and analyzed included: plasma cortisol, substance P, ocular infrared thermography (IRT), and gait analysis (step force, foot contact area, foot contact pressure, impulse). Biomarkers were statistically analyzed using repeat measures analysis. Plasma cortisol concentrations were higher (P = 0.0016) and the area under the effect curve tended to be higher (P = 0.0979) in the CAST + PLBO. Specifically, the CAST + FLU group had significantly lower cortisol levels compared to CAST + PLBO groups at 2, 3, 4, and 12 h. There were no differences between treatment groups for substance P levels. Mean IRT values tended to be higher for CAST + FLU calves (35.4 °C) compared to CAST + PLBO (34.5 °C) and SHAM + PLBO (34.3 °C) calves (P = 0.06). The total step force applied was similar for all treatment groups. The calves undergoing surgical castration placed more force onto their fore limbs (P = 0.02) indicating a shift in their weight distribution to the front limbs. There were no measured differences in total step contact area and step contact pressure. SHAM + PLBO calves has lower total impulses compared to CAST + FLU and CAST + PLBO (P = 0.004). Transdermal flunixin reduced plasma cortisol concentrations and mitigated the stress response for 8 h when given at the time of castration. Transdermal flunixin provided negligible analgesic effects on the pain biomarkers of substance P, IRT and gait analysis when given at the time of castration. Further research is needed to assessment the impact of transdermal flunixin when administered as part of a multimodal analgesic protocol that includes local anesthesia.
"We've Learned It's a Medical Illness, Not a Moral Choice": Qualitative Study of the Effects of a Multicomponent Addiction Intervention on Hospital Providers' Attitudes and Experiences.

Background Substance use disorders (SUD) represent a national epidemic with increasing rates of SUD-related hospitalizations. However, most hospitals lack expertise or systems to directly address SUD. Healthcare professionals feel underprepared and commonly hold negative views toward patients with SUD. Little is known about how hospital interventions may affect providers' attitudes and experiences toward patients with SUD. Objective To explore interprofessional hospital providers' perspectives on how integrating SUD treatment and care systems affect providers' attitudes, beliefs, and experiences. Design In-depth semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The study was part of a formative evaluation of the Improving Addiction Care Team (IMPACT), an interprofessional hospital-based addiction medicine service with rapid-access pathways to post-hospital SUD treatment. Setting Single urban academic hospital in Portland, Oregon. Participants Multidisciplinary hospital providers. Measurements We conducted a thematic analysis using an inductive approach at a semantic level. Results Before IMPACT, participants felt that hospitalization did not address addiction, leading to untreated withdrawal, patients leaving against medical advice, chaotic care, and staff "moral distress." Participants felt that IMPACT "completely reframes" addiction as a treatable chronic disease, improving patient engagement and communication, and humanizing care. Participants valued post-hospital SUD treatment pathways and felt having systems to address SUD reduced burnout and provided relief. Providers noted that IMPACT had limited ability to address poverty or engage highly ambivalent patients. Conclusions Providers' distress of caring for patients with SUD is not inevitable. Hospital-based SUD interventions can reframe providers' views of addiction and may have significant implications for clinical care and providers' well-being.
Performance Characterisation and Simulation of Intel's Integrated GPU Architecture

Integrated GPUs (iGPUs) are ubiquitous in today's client devices such as laptops and desktops. Examples include Intel's HD or Iris Graphics and AMD's APUs. An iGPU resides on the same chip as the CPU, which is in contrast to a conventional discrete GPU that would typically be connected over the PCI-E bus. Much like discrete GPUs, iGPUs are also capable of general purpose computation in addition to traditional graphics roles. Further, iGPUs have some interesting differences compared to traditional GPUs such as a cache-coherent memory hierarchy and a shared last level cache with the CPU. Despite their wide spread use, they are not studied very extensively. To the best of our knowledge, this paper introduces the first open source trace generation and microarchitectural simulation framework for Intel's integrated GPUs. We characterise the performance of Intel's Skylake and Kabylake GPUs through detailed microbenchmarks, and use the performance evaluations to guide our models and validate the simulator.
Crystallization of amorphous TiPd

Abstract Phase formation in the TiPd alloy system is investigated by using a physical vapor deposition technique. An amorphous phase at 65at.%Ti has been produced. Upon heating this thin film amorphous structure, a direct transformation to a high temperature b.c.c. phase results, followed by ordering and phase separation. The details of the amorphous structure and transformation are analyzed using X-ray diffraction, hot stage transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
Nonlinear Regression, Experimental Design, and Phase I Clinical Trials

In typical Phase I studies in the development of relatively benign drugs, the drug is initiated at low doses and subsequently escalated to show safety at a level where some positive response occurs, and healthy volunteers are often used as study subjects. In Sect. 2.2 we describe some basic pharmacologic principles and models underlying dose determination.
The Order of Transcendental Phenomenological Inquiry that Wills to Return to the “Things Themselves”

The preceding chapters have sought to identify the various transcendental phenomenological refrainings from those positings in which the naturalness of my mental life consists so that, step by step, there are uncovered the layers of actional and passive oriented constituting of the real, objective world and of my real, objective mental living in the world. Even though a diversity of Husserl’s texts were consulted as a guide for establishing the phenomenological discriminations and their correlative reductive unbuildings (and, correspondingly, by implication the various stages of reductive building-up to be elaborated in the second part of this book), the basic literary expression and philosophic touchstone has remained the definition of transcendental phenomenology expressed in the Introduction to the three books that comprise the uncompleted Ideas Pertaining to a Purely Descriptive, Eidetic Transcen-dentally Pure or Transcendental Phenomenology and to a Transcendental Phenomenological Philosophy.
Trial Paper Submission 1

40) Aggregate demand for emerging markets in downturn – not possible because of limited govt capacity. 41) Momentum in prices when fed starts boom. Arsonist sets fire and says wind made the blaze even more.
Intravenous vs Oral Acetaminophen as a Component of Multimodal Analgesia After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Blinded Trial.

Abstract Background Multimodal analgesia including acetaminophen is increasingly popular for analgesia after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Intravenous (IV) administration of acetaminophen has pharmacokinetic benefits, but unclear clinical advantages. The authors hypothesized that IV acetaminophen would reduce pain with activity, opioid usage, or opioid-related side effects, compared to oral acetaminophen. Methods In this double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 154 THA patients received either IV or oral acetaminophen as part of a comprehensive opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia strategy. Primary outcomes were pain with physical therapy on postoperative day (POD) 1, opioid side effects (POD 1), and cumulative opioid use. Results There was no difference in opioid side effects, pain scores, or opioid use between the groups. Conclusion Patients in both groups had low pain scores, minimal opioid side effects, and limited opioid usage (corresponding to 6 doses of tramadol 100 mg over 3 days). This highlights multimodal analgesia as an effective method of pain control for THA.
Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a uniformly fatal hematologic malignancy that results from the clonal expansion of plasma cells within the bone marrow. Skeletal-related complications affect nearly all patients with multiple myeloma and have a major impact on both patient morbidity and mortality. These complications most frequently include the development of osteolytic lesions that lead to severe bone pain, hypercalcemia, and pathologic fractures. Comprehensive skeletal imaging, using first plain radiographs and then more advanced modalities if necessary, is critical both at the time of diagnosis and throughout the course of therapy to assess the skeletal impact of the disease. The widespread use of intravenous bisphosphonate therapy has significantly improved the quality of life of myeloma patients by limiting the amount of osteolytic destruction that occurs. Bisphosphonate treatment, however, does not lead to repair of bone damage that has already occurred. The recent identification of multiple molecular targets with key roles in the osteolytic process has illuminated our understanding of myeloma bone disease, and may transform our future approaches to providing multiple myeloma patients with optimal skeletal care.
Microwave Photonic Link With Improved SFDR Using Two Parallel MZMs and a Polarization Beam Combiner

This article presents a linearized microwave photonic link by means of two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) and a polarization beam combiner (PBC). The proposed link exhibits significant suppression in third-order nonlinearity, which results in fifth order limited performance. Experiments are conducted and measured results demonstrate 17-dB improvement in spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), resulting in a fifth order limited SFDR of 124 dB/Hz4/5. An Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and a high-power Modified Uni-Traveling Carrier (MUTC) photodiode are used to realize a link gain of 6 dB at 60 mA photocurrent for operation at 1 GHz. LTE signals with various instantaneous bandwidths centered at 1 GHz are delivered by the linearized link where spectral regrowth is dramatically suppressed.
The (in)congruence of measures of corporate social responsibility performance and stakeholder measures of corporate social responsibility reputation

A central proposition of the “business case” for corporate social responsibility (CSR) is that a company's CSR practices are linked to consumer behavior and a firm's financial performance through reputational mechanisms. This study addresses the equivocal support for this proposition through an empirical analysis of the survey items most often used to assess a company's CSR and its stakeholder reputation. This study tests the congruence among nine different measures of environmental, social, and governance dimensions of CSR and a public corporate reputation measure. Two distinct factors are identified—direct CSR impact and assessment/reputation—suggesting that the global corporate reputation does not capture tangible CSR impact (environment and social) and is only congruent with a measure of intangible CSR performance (governance). The study highlights the importance of taking a multidimensional approach. Addressing measurement issues helps unpack the theoretical and practical link between CSR and corporate reputation and provides strategic guidance when planning CSR business and communication strategies.