cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Intrainstitutional Relocation on Morbidity in an Acute Care Setting

This study investigated the effects on morbidity of intrainstitutional room changes among stabilized male patients in an acute care setting. Controlling for potential confounders, patients who underwent room changes did not differ post-transfer from control patients in vital sign parameters. Younger movers, however, were found to be taking fewer medications post-transfer and were more likely to be independently ambulatory at discharge than younger controls, while older movers were found to be taking more medications and were less likely to be independently ambulatory at discharge in comparison to older controls. A parallel trend appeared with regard to physician evaluation of patient improvement. These findings suggest that age moderates the impact of intramural relocation on patients' health status; while younger patients experience a room change as beneficial, older patients may find it deleterious. Suggestions are offered for future research.
Serum progesterone, estradiol-17β, and glucocorticoids in the collared peccary during gestation and lactation as influence by dietary protein and energy

Abstract Sixteen pregnant collared peccaries were assigned to four experimental diets representing two levels of crude protein and two levels of digestible energy. Serum levels of progesterone, estradiol-17β(E 2 ), and glucocorticoids were measured by radioimmunoassay. There was no significant dietary effect ( P > 0.05) associated with any hormone during gestation. Progesterone did not differ between days 11 and 140 of gestation ( X ± SE = 36.48 ± 1.11 ng / ml , N = 72, began to decline during the last week prepartum, and continued to decline within 24 hr of birth. Glucocorticoid concentrations remained level throughout gestation ( X ± SE = 6.57 ± 0.45 μ g / dl , N = 74 ). E 2 levels were low during the first 90 days of gestation, rose significantly ( P 10.11 ± 1.73 pg / ml ( X ± SE , N = 8) at Days 81–90 gestation to 49.07 ± 12.87 pg/ml ( N = 3) at 2–4 days prepartum (Days 141–147 of gestation and declined rapidly to baseline levels within 24 hr of farrowing. Litter size had no effect on progesterone or E 2 concentrations. There was no significant dietary effect on litter size or gestation length. During lactation, glucocorticoids and E 2 remained stable and did not differ by diet, while progesterone concentrations appeard to be affected by diet. Individuals on the high energy-high protein diet returned to normal ovarian function before animals on the other three diets. Results indicated that the pregnant collared peccary can maintain a reproductive environment that allows for fetal development in the face of moderate caloric or protein restriction and that the lactating peccary can undergo a postpartum ovulation in the presence of good nutrition.
STU black holes and string triality

We found double-extreme black holes associated with the special geometry of the Calabi-Yau moduli space with the prepotential F = STU. The area formula is STU-moduli independent and has [SL(2, Z)]{sup 3} symmetry in space of charges. The dual version of this theory without prepotential treats the dilaton S asymmetric versus T,U-moduli. We display the dual relation between new (STU) black holes and stringy (S|TU) black holes using particular Sp(8,Z) transformation. The area formula of one theory equals the area formula of the dual theory when expressed in terms of dual charges. We analyze the relation between (STU) black holes to string triality of black holes: (S|TU), (T|US), (U|ST) solutions. In democratic STU-symmetric version we find that all three S and T and U duality symmetries are non-perturbative and mix electric and magnetic charges.
Editorial: Celiac disease in Turkey: lessons from the fertile crescent.

Abstract: Celiac disease (CD) is as frequent in Turkey as in Western countries. This finding challenges old theories hypothesizing a selective effect of agriculture spreading on the predisposition to develop CD. Despite the availability of reliable serological tests, e.g., the anti-transglutaminase and antiendomysial antibodies, gray areas of CD diagnosis are increasingly encountered in clinical practice. The diagnostic process must take into consideration the antibody level. The small intestinal biopsy is not the gold standard but one of the important investigations of the diagnostic paraphernalia. New evidence-based guidelines for CD diagnosis are urgently needed for both children and adults.
Spontaneous generation of cross-links in aldehyde-containing collagen☆

Abstract The ability of collagen to cross-link in vitro has been examined. The collagen from penicillamine-fed animals forms high molecular weight components at the expense of α-chains when incubated in fibrous form at 37 °. One of the components formed was found to be identical to the β 12 component found normally in collagen. CNBr digests of the β 12 -component were found to contain the same cross-linked peptide which is present in digests of β 12 formed in vivo . The cross-link is produced at the expense of lysine-derived aldehydes (allysyl residues) present in the uncross-linked α-chains. The collagen obtained from lathyritic animals did not cross-link when incubated in vitro . The collagen from penicillamine-fed animals contains about 10 times the level of allysine found in lathyritic collagen. It is concluded that the cross-linking of collagen can occur spontaneously following the formation of allysyl residues.
Measurement of Quantum Mechanical Operators

The limitation on the measurement of an operator imposed by the presence of a conservation law is studied. It is shown that an operator which does not commute with a conserved (additive) quantity cannot be measured exactly (in the sense of von Neumann). It is also shown for a simple case that an approximate measurement of such an operator is possible to any desired accuracy.
The structure of vitreous carbon from wide angle and low angle x-ray diffraction

Abstract Both wide angle and low angle X-ray diffraction patterns have been measured for a sample of vitreous carbon which has been subjected to a maximum heat-treatment of 1800°C. The wide angle scattering was used to calculate a radial distribution function, which showed that the basic atomic arrangement was that of hexagonal graphite like sheets with no graphitic registration between the sheets. The low angle scattering pattern was interpreted in terms of a theory due to Debye, and an exponential correlation function was found to be a reasonable approximation for representing the electron density fluctuations giving rise to this scattering. The electron density fluctuations originate from pores in the matrix with a mean chord intercept length of ⋍ 8 A. The mean chord intercept for the matrix is ⋍ 16 A in reasonable agreement with “crystallite sizes” L c ⋍ 15 A and L a ⋍ 22 A , calculated from the Scherrer equation. Lc should be interpreted as a distance between pores, and La as a defect distance in the matrix rather than indicating sharp crystallite boundaries.
Combined measure of neighborhood food and physical activity environments and weight-related outcomes: the CARDIA Study

Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors likely reflects access to a diverse and synergistic set of food and physical activity resources, yet most research examines discrete characteristics. We characterized neighborhoods with respect to their composition of features, and quantified associations with diet, physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance (IR) in a longitudinal biracial cohort (n=4143; aged 25-37; 1992-2006). We used latent class analysis to derive population-density-specific (<vs.≥1750 people per sq km) clusters of neighborhood indicators: road connectivity, parks and PA facilities, and food stores/restaurants. In lower population density areas, a latent class with higher food and PA resource diversity (relative to other clusters) was significantly associated with higher diet quality. In higher population density areas, a cluster with relatively more natural food/specialty stores; fewer convenience stores; and more PA resources was associated with higher diet quality. Neighborhood clusters were inconsistently associated with BMI and IR, and not associated with fast food consumption, walking, biking, or running.
A simple method for measuring spontaneous motor activity in squirrel monkeys during chair restraint

Abstract A simple, reliable and sensitive method for measuring spontaneous motor activity in squirrel monkeys during chair restraint is described. In this method the restraint chair is suspended from a wooden enclosure in a way that allows the chair to swing in any lateral direction. This movement is recorded by two brass rings which are connected to the chair and the fixed wooden enclosure, respectively. These brass rings act as electrical contacts which serve to trigger an electronic recording device. This method is extremely sensitive to even slight movements made by the animal while in the restraint chair and should provide a reliable means of obtaining consistent data under a variety of conditions.
ADAPTIVE CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR TRAJECTORY TRACKING IN A FUEL-CELL POWERED AUTOMOBILE

Abstract In this paper, a model reference adaptive controller is designed using the Lyapunov method, for tracking a time varying power profile in an automobile powered by a fuel cell. The adaptability of the controller is tested by implementing the controller on different power profiles which simulate actual power requirement of different road conditions.
Introduction of Frequency-Dependent Line Parameters into an Electromagnetic Transients Program

A new method is given for digitally modeling the frequency dependence of the line parameters for an overhead transmission line. Using Fourier transforms, the method models only the line characteristics, leaving the terminations to be chosen by the user. The model of the frequency-dependent line is embedded in a general purpose electromagnetic transients program providing the user with a wide choice of termination and excitation conditions. The method promises to be accurate, and provides insight into the propagation of the aerial and ground modes of transmission. A comparison of line modeling using the method of characteristics, ?equivalents, and frequency-dependent line parameters is given. Although the frequency dependence has been implemented for only one two-phase line, the method is general in principle.
`The biggest show in the world': race and the global popularity of The Cosby Show

The Cosby Show changed the face of international television distribution as profoundly as it altered American television culture. However, while many scholars have addressed the show's domestic pop...
A synopsis of the Buxaceae in Africa south of the Sahara

Summary. The African species of Buxus and Notobuxus are reviewed and their taxonomic relationship discussed. It is concluded that the 9 African species are best accommodated in 3 sections of Buxus, viz. 1 species in Sect. Tricera, 4 in Sect. Notobuxus and 4 in Sect. Buxella. The name Sect. Notobuxus is proposed in a new rank and combination; the new name Buxus acutata is proposed for Notobuxus acuminata when transferred to Buxus. The apparently rare B. nyasica, previously only known from the type gathering, has been documented by a new collection. This review, with some additional observations and conclusions, of African Buxaceae has been prompted by the writing of an account of the family for the Flora Zambesiaca, where the rarely collected species Buxus/Notobuxus nyasica occurs. The first review of African Buxaceae was published by Baillon (1859) who knew of one species, B. madagascarica Baill. from Madagascar. Baillon divided Buxus into two sections: Eubuxus in the Old World and Tricera in the New World; apart from the geographical distinction, the two sections could be separated on account of differences in the shape of the inflorescences. BailIon's arrangement was adopted by Mueller (1869), with the addition of more species, but none from Africa. Later, Baillon himself (Baillon 1873) added B. hildebrandtii from Somaliland, placing it with the other Old World species of Buxus. Oliver (1882) described a new species from Natal, placing it in a new, closely related genus, Notobuxus, on account of two extra stamens, making a total of 6, all with sessile anthers, and the absence of any rudiment of a gynoecium in the male flower. Later, Oliver (1886) described another species in Buxus, B. macowanii from southern Natal; this species had chiefly unisexual inflorescences with a single, terminal flower, and long exserted anthers. Van Tieghem (1897) reviewed the whole family, suggesting that in anatomical characters the African species were more closely related to one another than to the other species of Buxus. He further discussed the possibility of placing the African species in infrageneric taxa under Notobuxus, or to raise these taxa to generic rank. His conclusion was that all groups merited generic rank, and described therefore the genera Buxanthus and Buxella to accommodate the African species not placed in Notobuxus. Gilg (1899) described a new species in a new genus of Buxaceae, Macropodandra acuminata Gilg, from the northeast part of what is now Zaire, and described a new Buxus, B. benguellensis Gilg, from Angola, the latter being closely related to B. macowanii. Pax (1900) reduced van Tieghem's two new genera Buxanthus and Buxella to synonymy of Buxus sect. Eubuxus, while Hutchinson (1912) proposed
Discrepancies between labeled and actual dimensions of prosthetic valves and sizers.

Background and aims: The hemodynamic performance of a mechanical or stented bioprosthetic valve is primarily determined by the diameter of its orifice. Thus, in aortic or mitral valve replacement, assessment of the native annular size and selection of the correspondingly sized prosthetic valve is necessary to achieve maximum hemodynamic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the actual dimensions of aortic and mitral valve sizers and their corresponding prostheses, and to determine whether they differed from their marked dimensions. Methods: Mechanical and stented bioprosthetic valves and sizers were obtained from the manufacturers (CarboMedics, St. Jude, Medtronic-Hall, Starr-Edwards, Carpentier-Edwards, and Medtronic-Hancock), and the diameters were measured. Results: For the mechanical models, both aortic and mitral sizers were larger than their marked size by 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm. The aortic valves were all smaller than their corresponding sizers, but the relationship of the mitral valves to corresponding sizers varied with the manufacturer. For the bioprosthetic models the aortic and mitral sizers were true to marked size, the aortic valves were close to marked size and the mitral valves were smaller than marked size. Conclusions: These differences make optimal sizing difficult at best, particularly if more than one manufacturers’ product is used in an institution. These differences may or may not impact valve performance in an individual surgeon's hands. However, the wide range of variations across prosthetic type and manufacturer obligate the surgeon to be aware of these variances to achieve maximum hemodynamic performance for each patient.
Shelter Blues: Sanity and Selfhood among the Homeless

Shelter Blues: Sanity and Selfhood among the Homeless. Robert Desjarlais. Philadelpiha: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997. vii. 307 pp., illustrations, appendix, notes, bibliography, index.
EST‐SSR markers from Fragaria vesca L. cv. Yellow Wonder

Fourteen microsatellite primer pairs were developed from a cDNA library of heat-treated seedlings of Fragaria vesca cv. yellow wonder. Transferability to 13 species of Fragaria ranged from 71% in diploid species F. gracilis Losinsk., F. iinumae Makino, F. nilgerrensis Schltdl. ex J. Gay and F. nipponica Makino, to 100% in octoploid domestic strawberry and its progenitors. Polymorphism was high in polyploid Fragaria species. However, polymorphism and heterozygosity of eight EST-SSRs (expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeats) was low in 14 F. vesca genotypes.
Cadmium biodynamics in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and its implications for trophic transfer.

It has become increasingly apparent that diet can be a major source of trace metal bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. In this study, we examined cadmium uptake, efflux, and subcellular compartmentalization dynamics in the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus. L. variegatus is an important component of freshwater food webs in Europe and North America and is potentially useful as a standard food source for laboratory-based trophic transfer studies. Cadmium accumulation and depuration were each followed for 10 days. Rate constants of uptake (ku) and efflux (ke) were estimated and subcellular Cd compartmentalization was followed over the course of uptake and efflux. The partitioning of Cd into operationally-defined subcellular compartments was relatively consistent throughout the 20-day experiment, with the majority of Cd accumulating in the cytosol. No major changes in Cd compartmentalization were observed over uptake or depuration, but there appeared to be some exchange between heat-stable and heat-labile cytosolic protein fractions. Cadmium accumulation from solution was strongly affected by ambient calcium concentrations, suggesting competition between Cd and Ca for uptake sites. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to manipulate the whole body calcium content of L. variegatus as a potential tool for examining calcium influences on dietary Cd dynamics. The potential for this species to be an important conduit of Cd to higher trophic levels is discussed, along with its potential as a standardized food source in metal trophic transfer studies. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Mapping of Translating, Rotating Icebergs With an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

This paper presents a method for mapping translating, rotating icebergs with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). To map an iceberg, the AUV first circumnavigates it, collecting multibeam sonar ranges and iceberg-relative Doppler sonar velocities from the submerged iceberg surface. The primary challenge is then to estimate the trajectory of the mapping vehicle in a noninertial reference frame attached to the moving iceberg. The collected multibeam ranges may then be projected from this trajectory to form a map of the iceberg's submerged surface. The approach of the method involves identifying the iceberg-frame locations of all the Doppler sonar measurements made during circumnavigation, allowing the AUV's iceberg-relative trajectory to be computed from those locations. The measurement locations are estimated simultaneously with the trajectory of the iceberg to be most consistent with the inertial-space positions, inertial-space velocities, distances between points on the iceberg surface as measured by the Doppler sonar, and alignment of multibeam ranges measured at the beginning and end of the circumnavigation. The measurements depend nonlinearly on the modeled positions and iceberg trajectory, and the paper presents a solution formulation that deals efficiently with the nonlinearity. By incorporating iceberg-relative vehicle velocity into the estimation, the method achieves two significant advances beyond prior work by the authors. First, and most significantly, the method adds ice-relative vehicle velocity measurements (e.g., using a Doppler velocity logger). This makes the method robust to common vehicle inertial navigation errors. Second, inclusion of iceberg-relative vehicle velocity data allows for the identification of a more general model of iceberg trajectory, making the method robust to changes in iceberg translation and rotation rates. Currently, no iceberg circumnavigation data sets are available that include iceberg-relative velocity from Doppler sonar. However, this paper includes results from simulated free-drifting icebergs, and experimental results from an AUV seafloor mapping dive. The simulation data provide a moving iceberg testbed with known ground truth for the mapping results. The seafloor data provide a qualitative verification that the method works with real vehicle data.
On the completion of partial latin squares

Abstract In this paper a certain condition on partial latin squares is shown to be sufficient to guarantee that the partial square can be completed, namely, that it have fewer than n entries, and that at most [ (n + 1) 2 ] of these lie off some line, where n is the order of the square. This is applied to establish that the Evans conjecture is true for n ⩽ 8; i.e., that given a partial latin square of order n with fewer than n entries, n ⩽ 8, the square can be completed. Finally, the results are viewed in a conjugate way to establish different conditions sufficient for the completion of a partial latin square.
THE FULL EMPLOYMENT MODEL: A CRITIQUE

SUMMARY Full employment models proliferate in economic journals while excessive unemployment (U. S. and Canada, 1969-71) troubles some major (and many under-developed) economies. As in Keynes’ time, the analytic work is often at odds with reality. Patinkin, for example, decleares that ‘the labor market… does not interest us’ and that ‘its sole function is to provide the benchmark of full employment’. For Patinkin, and others, full employment exists apparently only by assumption. The implicit mechanism assumes that labor market bargains are made in real terms and, in describing the ‘equilibrium’ tatonnement, a fictional change in money wages is imposed while product prices are assumed to remain constant. Keynes rejected this ‘analysis’ on the grounds that higher (lower) money wages must lead to higher (lower) prices with, at best, limited employment effects ultimately analogous to monetary manipulations. Yet Keynes’ remarks on this vital matter are commonly ignored, even in ‘Keynesian’ models. This matter is reopened inasmuch as the analysis has profound policy implications. On the theoretical level it is also demonstrated that on plausible behavioral grounds Lange's representation of a perfectly elastic labor supply function (over some range) is defensible. Patinkin's supply points ‘off’ the supply function really entails a misspecification of the appropriate function.
Reconstruction of the esophagus using a free jejunal graft in complicated esophageal atresia

The use of a free jejunal graft to re-establish esophageal continuity in two patients with complicated esophageal atresia is described. The functional results have been good and this technique should be considered in patients with large gaps or when conventional methods of esophageal reconstruction fail.
The Nonstationary Stochastic Lead-Time Inventory Problem: Near-Myopic Bounds, Heuristics, and Testing

The purpose of the current paper is to combine the classical results of Kaplan Kaplan, R. 1970. Dynamic inventory model with stochastic lead times. Management Sci.162 491-507. and Ehrhardt Ehrhardt, R. 1984. s, S Policies for a dynamic inventory model with stochastic lead times. Oper. Res.321 121-132. for stochastic leadtime problems with recent work of Morton and Pentico Morton, T., D. Pentico. 1995. The finite horizon nonstationary stochastic inventory problem near-myopic bounds, heuristics, testing. Management Sci.412 334-343., which assumed zero lag, to obtain near-myopic bounds and heuristics for the nonstationary stochastic leadtime problem with arbitrary sequences of demand distributions, and to obtain planning horizon results. Four heuristics have been tested on a number of different demand scenarios over a number of random trials for four different leadtime distributions. The myopic simplest heuristic performs well only for moderately varying problems without heavy end of season salvaging, giving errors for this type of problem that are less than 1.5%. However, the average error for the myopic heuristic over all scenarios tested is 20.0%. The most accurate heuristic is the near-myopic heuristic which averages 0.5% form optimal across all leadtime distributions with a maximum error of 4.7%. The average error with increases in variance of the leadtime distribution.
Microfluidic endothelium for studying the intravascular adhesion of metastatic breast cancer cells.

Background The ability to properly model intravascular steps in metastasis is essential in identifying key physical, cellular, and molecular determinants that can be targeted therapeutically to prevent metastatic disease. Research on the vascular microenvironment has been hindered by challenges in studying this compartment in metastasis under conditions that reproduce in vivo physiology while allowing facile experimental manipulation. Methodology/Principal Findings We present a microfluidic vasculature system to model interactions between circulating breast cancer cells with microvascular endothelium at potential sites of metastasis. The microfluidic vasculature produces spatially-restricted stimulation from the basal side of the endothelium that models both organ-specific localization and polarization of chemokines and many other signaling molecules under variable flow conditions. We used this microfluidic system to produce site-specific stimulation of microvascular endothelium with CXCL12, a chemokine strongly implicated in metastasis. Conclusions/Significance When added from the basal side, CXCL12 acts through receptor CXCR4 on endothelium to promote adhesion of circulating breast cancer cells, independent of CXCL12 receptors CXCR4 or CXCR7 on tumor cells. These studies suggest that targeting CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling in endothelium may limit metastases in breast and other cancers and highlight the unique capabilities of our microfluidic device to advance studies of the intravascular microenvironment in metastasis.
Increased phospholipase A2 and thromboxane but not prostacyclin production by placental trophoblast cells from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies cultured under hypoxia condition

In this study we determined whether hypoxia could promote vasoactivator thromboxane (TX) and prostacyclin (PGI2) as well as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) production by placental trophoblast cells (TCs) from normal and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies. Placentas were obtained immediately after delivery from normal (n=9) and preeclamptic (n=9) pregnancies. TCs were isolated by dispase digestion of villous tissue and purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation. TCs (5x10(6) cells/well) were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) under hypoxia condition (2% O2/5% CO2/93% N2) for 48 h. TCs cultured under normoxia condition (5% CO2/air) were used as control. Culture medium was collected at the end of incubation. Productions for TX, PGI2 and PLA2 were measured by ACE competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test or paired t-test and the data are expressed as mean+/-SE (pg/microg cellular protein). Significance was set at a p-value of <0.05. We found: (1) PE-TCs produced more TXB2 and PLA2 than normal-TCs under normoxia conditions, TXB2: 4.33+/-1.03 vs. 1.84+/-0.29 pg/microg protein, p<0.05; PLA2: 0.38+/-0.08 vs. 0.21+/-0.03 pg/microg protein, p<0.05, respectively. (2) Hypoxia promoted both PE- and normal-TCs to generate more TXB2 and PLA2, TXB2: 6.36+/-1.72 vs. 3.05+/-0.45 pg/microg; PLA2: 0.52+/-0.10 vs. 0.30+/-0.04 pg/microg, respectively. (3) No change in 6-keto PGF1alpha production was observed for normal-TCs or PE-TCs when compared under normoxia vs. hypoxia condition, normal-TCs: 0.20+/-0.05 vs. 0.21+/-0.05 pg/microg; PE-TCs: 0.38+/-0.05 vs. 0.36+/-0.04 pg/microg, respectively. We concluded that hypoxia promotes both PLA2 and TX, but not PGI2, production by placental trophoblast cells cultured under hypoxia condition. These results suggest that increased PLA2 release may alter the arachidonic acid cascade and promote TX synthesis. Relative hypoxia could contribute to the increase in TX production and result in vasoconstriction in placental vasculature in preeclampsia.
Contribution of the supraglottic larynx to the vocal product: imaging and acoustic analysis

Horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a mass lesion located in the region of the pharynx superior to the true vocal folds. In contrast to full or partial laryngectomy, patients who undergo horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy often present with little or nor involvement to the true vocal folds. This population provides an opportunity to examine the acoustic consequences of altering the pharynx while sparing the laryngeal sound source. Acoustic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired in a group of four patients before and after supraglottic laryngectomy. Acoustic measures included the identification of vocal tract resonances and the fundamental frequency of the vocal fold vibration. 3D reconstruction of the pharyngeal portion of each subjects' vocal tract were made from MRIs taken during phonation and volume measures were obtained. These measures reveal a variable, but often dramatic difference in the surgically-altered area of the pharynx and changes in the formant frequencies of the vowel/i/post surgically. In some cases the presence of the tumor created a deviation from the expected formant values pre-operatively with post-operative values approaching normal. Patients who also underwent radiation treatment post surgically tended to have greater constriction in the pharyngeal area of the vocal tract.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Editorial Comment: Symposium: 2012 Musculoskeletal Infection Society

Interdisciplinary academic collaborations, reviews, and discussions are the mainstay of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS). The MSIS was founded in 1989 as a multidisciplinary educational and scientific forum for clinicians and scientists. Our mission is to advance knowledge in the field of musculoskeletal infection and its treatment by: (1) educating clinician and research members; (2) educating the medical community and the general public; and (3) promoting and maintaining professional standards in order to provide the best professional care to patients with musculoskeletal infection.
Some Legal Implications in Academic Advising

This article is a summary of federal regulations relating to academic advising. Issues covered include defamation, negligence, privacy, disabilities, civil rights, duty to report crimes, and privilege. Relevant state laws, interpretations, hypothetical situations, and the possible institutional and personal penalties—both civil and criminal—for not following the current laws are presented.
Space nuclear power plants—I

Abstract Space nuclear power plants can be configured in a number of different ways depending on the choice of primary loop transport, conversion techniques and heat addition and rejection systems. The large number of the possible configurations mandates a modular approach. A global approach to analyzing the various configurations has been developed. A generalized software, SNAPS (Space Nuclear Auxiliary Power analysis System), has emerged from the studies thus far. The first part of this project which we are presenting in this paper is this computer program SNAPS designed to simulate space nuclear power plants with different energy conversion techniques, to find optimal characteristics constrained in feasibility limitations, and to design the plant for maximum reliability and flexibility. This program is based on the flowsheeting approach in chemical engineering.
Role of liaison psychiatrist in teaching medical students

Abstract I have attempted to outline the approaches of the Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Service at Yale to the Undergraduate Curriculum. Several basic principles have been scored, i.e., emphasis on how data is obtained and objectified via the interview method, how the data is formulated according to a number of conceptual schemes, and how all aspects of the patient's life has relevance to the physician's understanding of symptoms. Emphasis is given to the model of the teacher as an integral part of the process. The form via which the process occurs and some aspects of the content which is transmitted through the process and the form are identified. These require evolving research and clinical programs on the part of staff in order to remain stimulating and rewarding to ourselves and our student.
Unambiguous detection of monopoles

The fission of a vortex line along the trajectory of a monopole in a superconducting medium is an unambiguous signature of a monopole. The numbern of the (stable) daughter vortices determines the monopole strengthg withg=2nφ/4π where ϕ0=2.07·10−7 G cm2.
Protein tyrosyl phosphatase-1B is expressed by normal human epidermis, keratinocytes, and A-431 cells and dephosphorylates substrates of the epidermal growth factor receptor

In the epidermis tyrosine kinases such as those found in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) phosphorylate regulatory molecules on tyrosine and play an important role in controlling epidermal growth. Phosphotyrosyl phosphatases (PTPase) that dephosphorylate EGF-R and other proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine must also play an important role in controlling epidermal growth. The presence and metabolism of one such PTPase, PTP-1B, was detected and studied in human skin using biochemical, immunochemical, and molecular biologic methods. The message for PTP-1B was expressed in human epidermis, in keratinocytes cultured from human epidermis, and in human keratinocyte cell lines. The 49-kDa but not the 37-kDa form of PTP-1B was identified in membranes prepared from these cells and tissues by immunodetection on Western blots. Nearly all of the labeled proteins identified by gel electrophoresis of an A-431 particulate fraction phosphorylated with [gamma-32P] ATP in the presence of epidermal growth factor are substrates for PTP-1B because their labeling decreased after incubation with a catalytically active and purified PTP-1B fusion protein. Immunohistochemical methods were used to show that PTP-1B was primarily localized to the basal cell layers in normal thick epidermis. The presence of PTP-1B in intact human epidermis suggests that this molecule is not an artifact limited to cultured cells but is an important molecule in the in vivo regulation of epidermal functions.
Polysomal distribution of late bacteriophage T4 messenger RNA

Abstract Analysis of T4-specific polysomal RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that discrete RNA species are associated with the various polysome fractions. In general, these species are not found throughout the gradient but are concentrated in a few fractions, so that there is a correlation between the size of a polysome and the size of its associated messenger.
The effect of sex steroids and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile on the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Abstract Estradiol benzoate (EB-5 mg/kg) or testosterone propionate (TP-50 mg/kg) administration to sexually immature rainbow trout resulted in an increase in liver weight to body weight ratios, and a diminution in hepatic microsomal benzphetamine- N -demethylation (BeND), ethoxycoumarin- and ethoxyresorufin- O -deethylations (ECOD, EROD) and cytochrome(s) P-450 content when compared to corn oil-pretreated controls. A low dose of TP (2 mg/kg) caused an increase in cytochrome(s) P-450 content but had no effect on the selected monooxygenase activities. EB administration prior to treatment with 150 mg/kg β-naphthoflavone caused a dose-dependent decrease in the magnitude of induction of cytochrome(s) P-450 and associated catalytic activities. These data suggest that the sex differences in monooxygenation observed in prespawning trout are mediated via the sex steroids and that fish may respond differently to inducers depending on their reproductive state at the time of exposure. Administration of the synthetic steroid, pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN), resulted in an increase in BeND and ECOD but had no effect on EROD or cytochrome(s) P-450 content.
Class and Compassion: Socioeconomic Factors Predict Responses to Suffering

Previous research indicates that lower-class individuals experience elevated negative emotions as compared with their upper-class counterparts. We examine how the environments of lower-class individuals can also promote greater compassionate responding—that is, concern for the suffering or well-being of others. In the present research, we investigate class-based differences in dispositional compassion and its activation in situations wherein others are suffering. Across studies, relative to their upper-class counterparts, lower-class individuals reported elevated dispositional compassion (Study 1), as well as greater self-reported compassion during a compassion-inducing video (Study 2) and for another person during a social interaction (Study 3). Lower-class individuals also exhibited heart rate deceleration—a physiological response associated with orienting to the social environment and engaging with others—during the compassion-inducing video (Study 2). We discuss a potential mechanism of class-based influences on compassion, whereby lower-class individuals’ are more attuned to others’ distress, relative to their upper-class counterparts.
The role of star in the production of an activated ligand for the EGF receptor signaling pathway.

The Star gene is a member of the EGFR signaling pathway which has diverse functions throughout Drosophila development. In order to investigate the protein distribution for Star, we have generated a polyclonal antibody. Here, we show that the Star protein is expressed perinuclearly in the early female germline and later is found in the oocyte cytoplasm. Star is expressed at low levels in other tissues. The subcellular localization of the protein has been determined when Star is overexpressed in the eye disc. Star is located in the nuclear and contiguous endoplasmic reticulum membranes. A functional assay in the wing disc demonstrates that Star expression can activate a nonprocessed membrane-bound form of the EGFR ligand Spitz and overexpression of Star in the eye disc promotes the formation of smaller Spitz proteins. Based on these results, we propose that the Star protein is likely to be involved in Spitz ligand processing.
Mission and responsibility of the technology transfer agent

This paper was written while vacationing on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. It deals with current conditions, shortcomings, and the potential improvement of the lots of its people through technology transfer. The authors' thoughts reflect a long-standing love affair with the Island and its people. They are unfinished but the message to the reader is clear. There is a hitherto overlooked dimension of Technology Transfer activities, the responsibility of the transfer agent to pursue his mission with wisdom and concern for all potential consequences of technological innovations.
Storing and Querying Scientific Workflow Provenance Metadata Using an RDBMS

Provenance management has become increasingly important to support scientific discovery reproducibility, result interpretation, and problem diagnosis in scientific workflow environments. This paper proposes an approach to provenance management that seamlessly integrates the interoperability, extensibility, and reasoning advantages of semantic Web technologies with the storage and querying power of an RDBMS. Specifically, we propose: i) two schema mapping algorithms to map an arbitrary OWL provenance ontology to a relational database schema that is optimized for common provenance queries; ii) two efficient data mapping algorithms to map provenance RDF metadata to relational data according to the generated relational database schema, and iii) a schema-independent SPARQL-to-SQL translation algorithm that is optimized on-the-fly by using the type information of an instance available from the input provenance ontology and the statistics of the sizes of the tables in the database. Experimental results are presented to show that our algorithms are efficient and scalable.
Hausdorff Dimension of Self-Similar Sets with Overlaps

The notion of ‘finite type’ iterated function systems of contractive similitudes is introduced, and a scheme for computing the exact Hausdorff dimension of their attractors in the absence of the open set condition is described. This method extends a previous one by Lalley, and applies not only to the classes of self-similar sets studied by Edgar, Lalley, Rao and Wen, and others, but also to some new classes that are not covered by the previous ones.
Biennial wormwood (Artemisia biennis) competition with soybean (Glycine max)

Biennial wormwood has become a serious weed of several crops in the northern Great Plains of the United States and Prairie Provinces of Canada. Greenhouse replacement series experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of watering regime (stressed and non-stressed) and nitrogen rate (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg kg-1 of soil) on competition between soybean and biennial wormwood. Soybean height was reduced after 9 weeks of competition with biennial wormwood compared with soybean grown in monoculture, whereas biennial wormwood plants were taller when grown with soybean than in monoculture. The change in plant height indicated that biennial wormwood height was increased due to interspecific competition, whereas soybean height was reduced. When moisture was limited, the relative yield of biennial wormwood was greater than that of soybean, indicating that biennial wormwood was more aggressive than soybean. Soybean growth was unaffected by an increase in nitrogen rate, whereas biennial wormwood fresh weight was 30% greater when the nitrogen rate was increased from 50 to 200 mg kg-1. Biennial wormwood aggressivity tended to increase as the nitrogen rate was increased from 50 to 200 mg kg-1. Overall results suggest that the negative impact of biennial wormwood competition with soybeans under field conditions may increase when soil moisture is limited and nitrogen fertility is increased.
Linguistic geometry for computationally challenging problems

Linguistic geometry (LG) includes a mathematical model for reasoning about multiagent discrete concurrent pursuit-evasion games. This approach gives us powerful tools for reducing the search space in various problems by introducing a concurrent multiagent game and decomposing it into a hierarchy of dynamic interacting subsystems. The LG tools provide a framework for the evaluation of the complexity and quality of solutions. We consider an approach to applying LG in various problem domains.
Joint Source-Channel Modeling and Estimation for Speech Dereverberation

Speech dereverberation is an important challenge in acoustic signal processing because of the detrimental effects upon the signal quality brought by the reverberant components due to acoustic reflections from the walls of the room enclosure. Most of the methods proposed so far such as microphone array beamforming and room impulse response inversion for deconvolution make very little use of the knowledge about the characteristics of the source signal. This paper presents a formulation of speech dereverberation as a probabilistic modeling problem in which joint estimation of the source and the channel (or its inverse) can be accomplished. We discuss reasonable representations of the source prior for inclusion in such a formulation and propose the corresponding solutions.
Diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia with MRI: multicenter retrospective study comparing gadobenate dimeglumine to gadoxetate disodium.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to report the results from a multicenter retrospective MRI study comparing gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoxetate disodium for diagnosis of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty patients (28 women and two men; mean age, 37.1 years) with hepatic FNH who underwent both gadobenate dimeglumine– and gadoxetate disodium–enhanced MRI at 1.5 T were assessed. MRI was performed during the arterial, portal venous, late venous, and hepatobiliary contrast-enhanced phases (10 and 20 minutes or 1–3 hours after contrast administration, respectively, for gadoxetate disodium and gadobenate dimeglumine). Qualitative (lesion conspicuity score) and quantitative (lesion signal intensity [SI] ratio and lesion contrast ratio) assessments were performed. RESULTS. In 30 patients, 51 FNHs were assessed (mean size 3.1 ± 1.5 cm). There was equivalent qualitative lesion conspicuity in the arterial phase between the two contrast agents and higher qualitative lesi...
Effect of Fishing Success on Angler Satisfaction on a Central Oregon Rainbow Trout Fishery: Implications for Establishing Management Objectives

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between fish populations, fishing success, and angler satisfaction is critical for effective fisheries management. Our objectives were to quantify angler satisfaction in a fishery for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in central Oregon and examine the factors influencing angler satisfaction. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the effect of several variables, including fishing success, on angler satisfaction. Measures of fishing success were present in all of the top candidate models. The probability of an increase in angler satisfaction rating was positively related to mean length and number of fish caught per hour. However, younger anglers tended to have higher satisfaction ratings at lower mean length and catch rates of fish than did older anglers. These models provided information on the expected percentage of anglers that will be satisfied given the average length of fish caught and the number of fish caught per hour. These results can ...
Does the Creation of Majority Black Districts Aid Republicans? An Analysis of the 1992 Congressional Elections in Eight Southern States

This article asks a relatively simple question: does the creation of majority black electoral districts in the South aid Republicans? Given the post-1990 reapportionment of state legislative and congressional districts, and the zeal with which Sections Two and Five of the Voting Rights Act have been enforced by Republican Justice Departments, this is a timely question. The rise in the electoral fortunes of southern Republicans in the past decade also demands an answer to this question. Using electoral and district-level census data for the congressional districts of eight southern states in the 1990 and 1992 elections, this article found that, of the nine seats taken by the Republicans in 1992, four were due to the creation of majority black districts. Further, the following analysis finds that several previously uncompetitive Democratically held districts were made competitive by the creation of majority black districts, and can be expected to swing Republican in the next few years, especially given furt...
A novel stability study on multiple time-delay systems (MTDS) using the root clustering paradigm

A novel treatment is presented for the stability of linear time invariant (LTI) systems with rationally independent multiple time delays. The stability analysis of the time-delayed systems (TDS) is quite complex, because they are infinite dimensional. Multiplicity and 'rationally independent' feature of the delays makes the problem even more challenging compared to the TDS with commensurate time delays (where time delays are rationally related). Recently the authors introduced a new perspective, which brings a unique, exact and structured methodology for the stability analysis of commensurate time delayed cases. The transition from this class of TDS to those with multiple delays using a similar perspective motivates the present study. The new framework is described and the enabling propositions are proven. We show that this procedure reveals all possible stability regions exclusively in the space of independent multiple time delays. As an added strength, it does not require the MTDS under consideration to be stable for zero delays. We present an example numerical case study, which is considered prohibitively difficult to solve using the peer methodologies.