cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cottage Cheese Whey Pretreatment and 2-phase Crossflow Microfiltration/Ultrafiltration on Permeate Flux and Composition

: The effect of chemical pretreatment with calcium chloride and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in combination with 2-phase crossflow microfiltration and ultrafiltration was studied. Solutions of untreated and chemically treated whey were microfiltered at 3 flow rates, with 0%, 10%, and 20% air injection. Significant increases (p < 0.05) in flux were found for untreated and EDTA treated whey at 10 L/min when 20% air was applied. Microfiltration permeates also had a higher (p < 0.05) protein concentration at this flow rate when air was used. Ultrafiltration of the microfiltration permeates resulted in no difference (p < 0.05) between the flux of untreated permeate ultrafiltered with 20% air and calcium chloride treated whey permeate with 0% air injection. This suggests that 2-phase flow with air injection could be used to increase the efficiency of both the microfiltration and ultrafiltration of whey and chemical pretreatment could be minimized.
Report on the 2006 AAPT Apparatus Competition

Each year at the AAPT summer meeting there is an apparatus competition in which members of the physics community can share ideas for new or improved apparatus to aid in the teaching of physics. The 2006 competition at the summer meeting in Syracuse, NY, was the largest competition in quite a while and continued an upward trend in the number of entries. Entries ranged in complexity, cost, and target audience, from a $20 apparatus for experimenting with standing waves on the surface of water, to an open design of an atomic force microscope (Fig. 1), which was also relatively low in cost (as far as AFMs go) at around $15,000.
Game Theoretic Approach to Joint CDMA Codeword and Power Adaptation

In this paper we present a distributed algorithm for joint codeword and power adaptation in the uplink of a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system from the perspective of non-cooperative game theory. We defi ne a new convex cost function based on which each user adjusts its codeword and power to meet a specifi ed Quality of Service (QoS), and investigate existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium point. Using the game-theoretic approach we also propose an algorithm for adjusting codewords and powers in a dynamic context, with variable QoS for active users. The proposed algorithm is illustrated with numerical examples obtained from simulations.
Preparing for the next version

Purpose – This paper aims to look at the utility of Web 2.0 technologies in the context of the profession as a whole.Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory paper.Findings – It is found that in many cases Web 2.0 technologies are appropriate given prudence in how they are used and their transparency to the patron. It was also found that patrons appreciate new uses of cutting edge technology as long as traditional library services are not abandoned.Practical implications – It is important for libraries to gauge how much time and resources are expended on new, cutting edge technologies and evaluate how those resources can be used most effectively. There is no need for libraries to completely reinvent themselves in order to make use of Web 2.0 technologies; however, there is a lack in the education of librarians on how to make good use of these technologies.Originality/value – This paper will hopefully assist libraries in taking stock of the current availability of Web 2.0 services, and think th...
Severity of End Organ Damage as a Predictor of Outcomes after Implantation of Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD)

Purpose The optimal timing of implantation of LVAD in management of advanced heart failure remains controversial. We hypothesize that in patients with cardiogenic shock, the severity of end-organ dysfunction as determined by the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is a determinant of outcomes after LVAD implantation. Methods and Materials We determined the pre-operative SOFA score and short and long-term outcomes of 97 consecutive patients who received Heartmate II (HMII) or Heartware (HW) LVAD at our institution since January 2007. The performance of the score in predicting outcomes was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare long term survival across SOFA score sub-groups. Results ν 18±10 days, p=0.03). One year survival for SOFA scores 0-2, 3-5, 6-8 and ≥9 was 94%, 75%, 64% and 29% respectively. SOFA score was significantly lower in survivors at 6, 9,12, 24, and 36 months. SOFA score did not predict adverse outcomes of bleeding, cerebrovascular events, infection or pump exchange. [ figure 1 ] Conclusions These results show that pre-operative SOFA score is a powerful predictor of outcomes after LVAD implantation. Long-term outcomes of patients with advanced heart failure treated with LVAD can be significantly improved by early intervention prior to emergence of end-organ dysfunction.
Pre-admission academic predictors of the goals of a primary care-oriented medical school.

Summary. This study investigated the relationship of two widely-used preadmission academic predictors (undergraduate grade point average and the Medical College Admission Test) to a sequence of four goals for a primary care-oriented medical school. Graduates from the first four classes of a new medical school (n=237) were used in the study. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed. It was concluded that pre-admission academic variables (undergraduate GPA and MCAT) are useful in screening for academic success in medical school (especially for preclinical courses) and licensability (especially NBME Part 1 and 2). Furthermore, no useful predictor of residency performance or choice of a primary care specialty was identified. Provisos related to the conclusions and future research directions are discussed.
4481 The colon single-stripe sign: diagnostic implications for ischemic colitis.

A unique endoscopic appearance of a single linear ulcer has been noted at colonoscopy in a group of patients with acute abdominal symptoms, often in the clinical setting of an ischemic event. Twelve patients (8F/4M, mean 75.2 yr) with endoscopic evidence of only a single ulcerated band running along the longitudinal axis of the colon (colon single-stripe sign, CSSS) were further studied. The CSSS was >8 cm in length and isolated to a segment of the left colon. To better understand the etiology of this lesion, the clinical characteristics and course of CSSS were compared with 26 cases of ischemic colitis with large circumferential ulcers (15F/11M, mean 63.7 yr) and 58 consecutive patients with other forms of non-ischemic colitis including IBD (25 cases), infectious colitis (13), radiation colitis (4), amyloid (1), nonspecific colitis (15)(36F/22M, mean 48.1 yr). RESULTS: Both CSSS and ischemic colitis groups were older than the non-ischemic colitis group. Unequivocal evidence of a preceding ischemic event was noted with comparable frequency (p=0.2) in the CSSS and ischemic colitis groups, significantly different from the non-ischemic colitis group (p
Temperature-Dependent Current Transport in Low-k Inorganic Dielectrics

Low-k dielectric films based on an organic polymer, FOx® flowable oxide from Dow-Corning Corporation, have been examined. The electric field dependence of the leakage current appears consistent with Poole-Frenkel bulk-limited conductivity. The β parameter value appropriate to the Poole-Frenkel theory is at least 120% larger than the experimentally determined value. Comparison between measurements obtained using Al and Hg electrodes confirms that Poole-Frenkel conduction is in fact dominant. On this basis a typical field-independent trap depth in the range 0.09-0.14 eV is deduced, and the low field conductivity is found to be 1.2 × 10 -16 -5.7 X 10 14 S cm -1 . The role of moisture adsorption is discussed.
Energy levels in chlorophyll and electron transfer processes.

— A brief account of the localized model for charge carrier generation in solid dyes is given, and generalized to include transfers of electrons and holes between unlike molecules. A part of the experimental basis for the localized model is the finding that the dye molecule sees its environment as a classical dielectric medium, even when it is composed of like molecules; since the effects of the environment on the ionization energy of chlorophyll are small, a close relationship can be inferred between laboratory energy levels and those effective in the chloro-plast. The measured energy diagrams suggest a very low yield of charge carriers in either pure chlorophyll, but leave open the possibility of a substantial yield at an interface between chlorophylls a and b. The energy levels are consistent with the idea that charge carrier transfers between excited chlorophyll molecules and acceptors take place in the primary process.
Device Applications of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals: Importance of Polarization Charge Interactions

We discuss the conditions under which the electric fields produced by polarization space charge need to be included in calculating the response of ferroelectric liquid crystals to applied electric fields. We present a simple example to illustrate the basic physical effect of polarization space charge and apply the result to geometries of electro-optic interest.
A Measurement of Mountain Drag

Abstract The pressure drag on the Blue Ridge Mountain in the central Appalachians has been determined by measuring the pressure on each side of the ridge. During the first two weeks of January 1974 several periods with significant drag were observed with pressure differences typically 0.5 mb (50 Pa) across the ridge. This corresponds to a mountain drag which is at least equal to the skin friction drag in the Appalachian region if the other ridges in the area experience a similar drag. As expected, the drag seems to occur when the environmental wind has a component perpendicular to the ridge. Such a cross flow appears necessary but not sufficient for the production of drag. The measured mountain drag seems also to be associated with blocking of the surface flow upstream, a condition which occurs most frequently in stable nighttime conditions. While none of the possible drag mechanisms can be absolutely excluded or verified, drag due to flow separation appears unlikely and the mechanism of wave drag (of som...
The variational iteration method for solving linear and nonlinear systems of PDEs

In this work, the variational iteration method (VIM) is used for analytic treatment of the linear and nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. The method reduces the calculation size and overcomes the difficulty of handling nonlinear terms. Numerical examples are examined to highlight the significant features of the VIM method. The method shows improvements over existing numerical techniques.
Evaluation of mandibular movements in the horizontal plane made by partial mandibulectomy patients —A pilot study

The purpose of this pilot study of the partial mandibulectomy patient was to make ttracings of their mandibular movement in a horizontal plane of orientation in the hope that the results would provide information regarding the prosthetic rehabilitation of these patients. The anterior part of a pantograph recording unit was used in making the tracings. The results of the study indicate that racings on partial mandibulectomy patients are diagnostic in nature regardless of the range and extent of movement seen. As has been stated by other authors who have studied this type of patient, more clinical research should be undertaken before a full understanding of the ramifications of prosthetic rehabilitation of the partial mandibulectomy patient can be realized.
Presenilin 1 mutations increase amyloid precursor protein production and proteolysis in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

Abstract Recent findings suggest that Presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations play a major role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by increasing the production of the beta amyloid peptide (Aβ). The exact mechanism whereby mutations in PS1 lead to this effect is not clear. To examine the question of how PS1 might be involved in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, we constructed a chimera of human APP695 fused at the C-terminal to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). This construct was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes in the presence of wild type PS1 or one of three PS1 mutations associated with AD. The cellular location of the APP695–EGFP construct was examined by fluorescent confocal microscopy. In addition, membrane fractions of oocytes expressing APP695–EGFP in the presence or absence of wild type or mutant forms of PS1 were evaluated by Western blot analysis. The results show that APP695–EGFP is primarily expressed on the cell surface and undergoes limited cleavage. Specifically, APP695 was cleaved in the Aβ domain to generate three distinct C-terminal fragments that correspond in length to stubs expected after cleavage with α-, β- and γ-secretase, respectively. The presence of wild type PS1 not only increased the production of proteolytic C-terminal fragments of APP, but the production of APP itself. These findings were even more pronounced in the presence of all three PS1 mutations, suggesting that PS1 mutations may lead to over-expression of APP not just increased γ-secretase activity.
Superconvergent dispersion relations

Abstract The more general aspects of the saturation problem for superconvergent dispersion relations are reviewed and discussed. It is found that complete sets of superconvergence conditions for forward amplitudes generally have solutions corresponding to higher collinear symmetries of the vertices. The saturation of mesonic superconvergence relations with infinite sequences of quark-antiquark states is considered in detail for forward and nonforward amplitudes. It is argued that, for sufficiently bounded amplitudes, the saturation of superconvergence conditions at a given value of t (e.g., t = 0 and a few derivatives at this point) with a finite number of resonances can be reasonable, approximate scheme for the calculation of coupling constants and masses.
Probabilistic Standard Penetration Test-Based Liquefaction-Triggering Procedure

AbstractA probabilistic version of the Idriss and Boulanger standard penetration test (SPT)–based liquefaction triggering correlation is derived using a maximum likelihood approach and an updated case history database. Measurement and estimation uncertainties in the cyclic stress ratio (CSR) and SPT (N1)60cs values and the effects of the choice-based sampling bias in the case history database are taken into account. The results of sensitivity analyses show that the position of the most likely triggering curve is well constrained by the case history data and that the magnitude of the total error term is also reasonably constrained. The most likely value for the SD of the error term in the triggering correlation is, however, found to be dependent on the uncertainties assigned to the CSR and (N1)60cs. The results of the sensitivity study appear to provide reasonable bounds on the effects of different interpretations on the positions of the triggering curves for various probabilities of liquefaction. Methods ...
THE STATE WITHIN A STATE: SOME COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE URBAN GHETTO AND THE INSURGENT STATE

(1971). THE STATE WITHIN A STATE: SOME COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE URBAN GHETTO AND THE INSURGENT STATE. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 105-112.
The bain strain energy in anisotropic Fe3Pt crystals

Abstract The effect of the elastic anisotropy on the Bain strain energy is calculated by means of the reciprocal lattice method. With the assumption that the temperature hysteresis in the martensitic transformation is proportional to the Bain strain energy, the characteristics of the martensitic transformation in Fe3Pt associated with ordering can be interpreted well by the fact that the elastic anisotropy exerts a large effect on the Bain strain energy.
Comparison of health-related quality of life between heterozygous women with Fabry disease, a healthy control population, and patients with other chronic disease.

Purpose: Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal disorder due to mutations in the GLA gene. Manifestations of the disease are documented in hemizygous males. Recent studies have indicated that women with GLA mutations may report symptoms. The impact on their health-related quality of life is unclear. This study compares the quality of life of obligate heterozygotes to a historical healthy control population and to populations with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The RAND-36 and Fabry-disease specific questions were administered to study participants. Study subjects were obligate heterozygotes for mutations in GLA. Mean scores in each of the subscales from the RAND-36 were compared between study subjects and previously published data from the Women's Health Initiative and studies on multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Results: Comparisons between 202 study participants and the Women's Health Initiative indicated that all eight subscale scores of the RAND-36 were significantly lower for women with Fabry disease (P < 0.0001). The mean scores of the study participants more closely resembled the mean scores of the participants in the multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis studies. Conclusion: Study participants reported clinically important effects on health-related quality of life. It is critical to develop management protocols for this population.
CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICE AND DYSPLASIA: CHANGES FOLLOWING THE 1970 SENATE HEARINGS

An initial shift away from the pill was followed by a rebound toward the prehearing pattern of contraceptive choice; pill preference, however, is no longer a meaningful indicator of the cancer precursor, dysplasia of the cervix.
How Smart are Smart Sanctions

For over a decade, the comprehensive trade sanctions against Iraq have hung like amillstone around the practice of economic statecraft. Scholars and policymakersalike recognize that the sanctions have had a devastating humanitarian impact onthe Iraqi population. Yet the sanctions have failed to coerce the Iraqi regime intofull compliance with the requisite UN Security Council resolutions. At the sametime, the United Nations has relied heavily on this tool of statecraft over the pastdecade, imposing sanctions fourteen times since 1990. In his 2002 Nobel lecture,Jimmy Carter said that nations must ‘‘strive to correct the injustice of economicsanctions that seek to penalize abusive leaders but all too often inﬂict punishmenton those who are already suffering from the abuse.’’ This presents a challenge: isthere any way to accommodate the rising demand for multilateral sanctions whileminimizing the humanitarian costs such policies create?Enter David Cortright and George Lopez. Under the auspices of the Universityof Notre Dame’s Fourth Freedom Forum, Cortright and Lopez are responsible fora healthy fraction of the recent scholarly work on economic sanctions (Cortrightand Lopez 1995, 2000, 2002). Their latest effort, Smart Sanctions: Targeting EconomicStatecraft, examines the prospect of smart sanctions: measures that are tailored tomaximize the target regime’s costs of noncompliance while minimizing the targetpopulation’s suffering. In its eleven chapters, this edited volume reviews the varioustypes of smart sanctions and their implementation by the United Nations, theUnited States, and the European Union. It will likely serve as the deﬁnitiveresource on the subject for some time.The logic behind smart sanctions is that for economic coercion to work properly,it is necessary to understand the domestic political economy of the targeted state.Most of the sanctions literature argues that as the costs imposed on the targeteconomy increase, so will the likelihood of success. However, some scholars(Kaempfer and Lowenberg 1992; Kirshner 1997) argue that this formulation is toosimplistic. What matters is not the target’s gross economic damage, but whether thetarget government and its key domestic constituencies feel signiﬁcant economicpain from noncompliance. Smart sanctions are designed to raise the target regime’scosts of noncompliance while avoiding the general suffering that comprehensivesanctions often create. Like precision-guided munitions, smart sanctions targetresponsible parties while minimizing collateral damage. Examples include assetfreezes, travel bans, and arms embargoesFmeasures that stand in stark contrast tothe comprehensive trade ban against Iraq.Are smart sanctions more efﬁcient? At ﬁrst glance, the answer seems to be ‘‘no.’’Cortright and Lopez’s introductory chapter reviews the fourteen UN sanctionsepisodes since 1990. They note ‘‘even with this small number of cases, the obviousconclusion is that comprehensive sanctions are more effective than targetedor selective measures. Where economic and social impact have been greatest,
Application of the technology and innovation park concept in the developing world: Dimensions and considerations

In the developing world, applications of the technology and innovation park concept continue to emerge, characterized by sophisticated cutting-edge infrastructure technologies combined with a supportive business environment focused on knowledge-based industries. Three models of park application were identified and illustrated with examples drawn from a study of twenty technology and innovation parks in developing countries. Despite its implicit nature, innovation theory provides the underlying premise — that investments in technology and innovation will lead to economic development. Based on the findings of this study, revisions to innovation theory are proposed.
The relationship of social competition with endocrine weights and activity in male chickens

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to study conditions in which social competition might influence the weight and function of endocrine glands. The results indicated that: 1. (1) Aggressiveness per se was not phenotypically related to endocrine weight. 2. (2) The left adrenals of male chickens placed as a minority in pens of strangers were significantly heavier than those of birds remaining in their own flocks. Plasma cholesterol levels of these males were also depressed. 3. (3) There was a highly significant increase in the weights of both left and right adrenals in males maintained in groups continuously as compared to those kept in individual cages. 4. (4) The relationship between social rank and left adrenal weight was significant only when other types of social competition were minimized. 5. (5) Weights of thyroid, pituitary, spleen and testes and levels of cholesterol in the adrenals were not significantly affected by the social conditions imposed in these experiments.
Growth traits among sorghum genotypes in response to aluminum

Abstract Aluminum (Al) has many detrimental effects on plant growth, and shoots and roots are normally affected differently. A study was conducted to determine differences among sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes with broad genetic backgrounds for growth traits of plants grown at 0,200,400,600, and 800 μM Al in nutrient solutions (pH 4.0). Genotypes were categorized into “Al‐sensitive”, “intermediate Al‐tolerant”, “Al‐tolerant”, and SC 283 (an Al‐tolerant standard). As Al increased, shoot and root dry matter (DM), net main axis root length (NMARL), and total root length (TRL) became lower than controls (0 Al). Aluminum toxicity and/or nutrient deficiency symptoms become more severe, and shoot to root DM ratios and specific RL (TRL/root DM) values also changed as Al in solution increased. Root DM had greater changes among genotypes than shoot DM, and NMARL at 400 μM Al, and TRL at 200 μM Al had greater differences among genotypes than root DM, ratings for toxicity and/or deficiency symptoms, a...
Crisis and Risk Approaches to Emergency Management Planning and Communication: The Role of Similarity and Sensitivity

To advance crisis communication theory and research, this article features communities of concern as the focal point and examines whether multiple voices are best to supply crisis information, evaluation, and advice to make communities more fully functioning. A funded study was conducted (606 completed calls) in three counties in the Houston, Texas (Metropolitan Statistical Area) MSA. The project features these concepts: concern/perception of risk and knowledge of response protocols, risk management/communication, crisis management/communication (precrisis, crisis event, postcrisis), cognitive involvement, fear/denial/efficacy (self, response, and community), and communication infrastructures. The basic question addressed was whether a diverse community becomes more fully functioning by having community emergency management planning and communication (law of requisite variety) reflect that diversity. Results indicate that approximately half of the persons surveyed do not feel adequately prepared to respon...
The Behavior of Wave 2 in the Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere during Late Winter and Early Spring

The behavior of wave 2 in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) winter and early spring stratosphere has been examined in detail using 10 years of NMC data. Wave 2 is characterized by a broad meridional structure peaking between 55 and 65 S, and regular eastward propagation, with periods ranging from 5 to 40 days. The range of maximum geopotential height amplitudes is from 600 to 1000 m for a year. Consideration is also given to the relationship of wave 2 to other features of stratospheric circulation, Eliassen-Palm fluxes, and synoptic maps. The results obtained show that the zonal mean state of the SH stratosphere frequently satisfies conditions for instability. It is concluded that both instability of zonally symmetric and asymmetric states, and nonlinear interactions between wave 1 and wave 2 are of importance for determining the behavior of wave 2 in the SH winter and spring stratosphere.
Use of Pd and Pt buffers to induce soft magnetic properties in Fe70Co30 thin films

Abstract The influence of thin Pd and Pt buffers on the magnetic and structural properties of high moment Fe70Co30 thin films has been studied. A 50 nm thick FeCo film with no buffer showed isotropic magnetic characteristics and a coercivity of 40 Oe. Use of the Pd or Pt buffer reduced the coercivity of 50 nm FeCo films to about 15 Oe with more defined uniaxial properties. Reduction in the average FeCo grain size and clearly defined columnar grain boundaries were observed in these films. When the FeCo film thickness was increased to 200 nm, the FeCo no longer exhibited soft magnetic properties, regardless of the buffer material. A large increase in average column width was also observed in the 200 nm thick film.
Preparation and properties of the systems Co1-xRhxS2, Co1-xRuxS2, and Rh1-xRuxS2

Members of the systems Co/sub 1-x/Rh/sub x/S/sub 2/ (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.6) were prepared, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties studied. The observed ferromagnetic moments for compositions where x less than or equal to 0.2 indicate a ferromagnetic alignment between Co(3d/sup 7/) electrons. This is the first observation of localized behavior of 4d electrons in the pyrite structure. Members of the systems Co/sub 1-x/Ru/sub x/S/sub 2/ (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) and Rh/sub 1-x/Ru/sub x/S/sub 2/ (0.5 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) were also prepared and their crystallographic and magnetic properties studied. From comparison with the Co/sub 1-x/Rh/sub x/S/sub 2/ system, it appears that the 4d electrons of Rh(4d/sup 7/) are localized in the presence of Co(3d/sup 7/) but are delocalized in the presence of Ru(4d/sup 6/). The magnetic susceptibility of the Co/sub 1-x/Ru/sub x/S/sub 2/ system is sensitive to the homogeneity of the products and indicates that Ru(4d/sup 6/) behaves as a diamagnetic ion.
Copy Number Variants (CNVs) in primate species using array-based comparative genomic hybridization

A substantial amount of genomic variation is now known to exist in humans and other primate species. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are thought to represent the vast majority of genomic differences among individuals in a given primate species and comprise about 0.1% of the genomes of two humans. However, recent studies have now shown that structural variation may account for as much as 0.7% of the genomic differences in humans, of which copy number variants (CNVs) are the largest component. CNVs are segments of DNA that can range in size from hundreds of bases to millions of base pairs in length and have different number of copies between individuals. Recent technological advancements in array technologies led to genome-wide identification of CNVs and consequently revealed thousands of variable loci in humans, comprising as much as 12% of the human genome (iafrate1). CNVs in humans have already been associated with susceptibility to certain complex diseases, dietary adaptation, and several neurological conditions. In addition, recent studies have shown that CNVs can be successfully implemented in population genetics research, providing important insights into human genetic variation. Nevertheless, the important role of CNVs in primate evolution and genetic diversity is still largely unknown. This chapter aims to outline the strengths and weaknesses of current comparative genomic hybridization array technologies that have been employed to detect CNV variation and the applications of these techniques to primate genetic research.
Heat exchange between unequal countercurrent vessels asymmetrically embedded in a cylinder with surface convection

Abstract A three-dimensional approximate analytic solution is presented for the unequal countercurrent heat transfer between parallel paired vessels asymmetrically embedded in a long cylinder with surface convection. The analysis assumes that the velocity profile in the vessels is parabolic, the Peclet number is large compared to unity and the radius of the cylinder is several times larger than the distances from the center of the cylinder to the vessels. A perturbation method is employed by taking the reciprocal of the Peclet number as a small parameter. The new solution approach takes into consideration the axial thermal interaction and describes the three-dimensional asymmetric thermal field due to the vessels, the wall temperatures of which are nonuniform in the cross-sectional plane. Application of the model to whole limb heat transfer is discussed.
Fluctuating Asymmetry and Steroid Hormones: A Review

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) represents random, minor deviations from perfect symmetry in paired traits. Because the development of the left and right sides of a paired trait is presumably controlled by an identical set of genetic instructions, these small imperfections are considered to reflect genetic and environmental perturbations experienced during ontogeny. The current paper aims to identify possible neuroendocrine mechanisms, namely the actions of steroid hormones that may impact the development of asymmetrical characters as a response to various stressors. In doing so, it provides a review of the published studies on the influences of glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens on FA and concomitant changes in other health and fitness indicators. It follows the premise that hormonal measures may provide direct, non-invasive indicators of how individuals cope with adverse life conditions, strengthening the associations between FA and health, fitness, and behavior.
The effects of noncontingently available alternative stimuli on functional analysis outcomes

The effects of noncontingently available alternative stimuli on functional analysis outcomes were evaluated for 2 individuals. Results suggested that noncontingent access to preferred items resulted in reduced levels of attention-maintained behavior. The results are interpreted in terms of establishing operations.
Endoscopic sclerosis of experimental esophageal varices in dogs

An experiment was designed to develop in dogs an appropriate model for producing esophageal varices and to study the effectiveness of endoscopic sclerosing of such varices. Upper esophageal (downhill) varices were successfully made in 11 dogs by partially ligating both the superior vena cava and azygous vein. Four dogs had peroral fiberoptic injections of 5% sodium morrhuate into proven varices prior to sacrifice. Lower esophageal varices were made successfully in 5 dogs by multiple infra-abdominal systemic portal venous interruption plus creation of a splenic arteriovenous shunt. These dogs were followed by weekly endoscopy previous to variceal injection at 4 to 8 weeks. Varices not sclerosed were patent at necropsy; all endoscopically sclerosed varices showed thrombosis, perivenous fibrosis, and thickening of the intima at necropsy. Three dogs with varices developed superficial ulcers at the site of injection. Observations were made of the effect of injecting dilated superficial epigastric veins. This study confirms that fiberoptic endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices in experienced hands is a safe, reliable, and simple technique of thrombosing esophageal varices. The application of this technique to the severely ill patient with bleeding varices is supported by these experiments.
Autoindexing with outlier rejection and identification of superimposed lattices

Constructing a model lattice to fit the observed Bragg diffraction pattern is straightforward for perfect samples, but indexing can be challenging when artifacts are present, such as poorly shaped spots, split crystals giving multiple closely aligned lattices and outright superposition of patterns from aggregated microcrystals. To optimize the lattice model against marginal data, refinement can be performed using a subset of the observations from which the poorly fitting spots have been discarded. Outliers are identified by assuming a Gaussian error distribution for the best-fitting spots and points diverging from this distribution are culled. The set of remaining observations produces a superior lattice model, while the rejected observations can be used to identify a second crystal lattice, if one is present. The prevalence of outliers provides a potentially useful measure of sample quality. The described procedures are implemented for macromolecular crystallography within the autoindexing program labelit.index (http://cci.lbl.gov/labelit).
Low rate audio coder with hierarchical filterbanks and lattice vector quantization

We describe a perceptual audio coder that employs nonuniform hierarchical filterbanks and entropy-coded lattice vector quantization. The nonuniform filterbanks present a good match to critical-band sampling, and they avoid the complications of block-size adjustment during signal transients. An entropy-coded lattice vector quantizer provides efficient quantization and coding of the filterbank samples. The coder achieves "transparent" quality at a rate of 96 kb/s, and efficient algorithms exist for the filterbank and vector quantizer subsystems. >
Predictors of Psychological Well-being among Assisted-Living Residents

Assisted-living facilities are a rapidly growing source of supportive housing for frail elderly people. This study examined the psychological well-being of elderly assisted-living residents and factors associated with well-being. Participants were nondemented elderly residents of an assisted-living community in the urban southeast. Depression, life satisfaction, and demographic, health, and social support variables were measured through face-to-face interviews. A sizeable minority of the residents reported high levels of depressive symptoms and low life satisfaction. Female gender, self-reported health, functional impairment, perceived social support, and participation in activities were significantly associated with well-being. The predictive value of gender and health variables were reduced when social support was introduced. Implications for policy and social work practice are discussed.
Gel-Cast Organic-Inorganic Systems

The studies reported herein were designed to develop a better understanding of the influence of different crosslinking agents on the polymerization of acrylamide gel systems and upon the resulting physical properties of the composites. Specimens were developed via a gel-casting process for viscoelastic and diametral tensile strength testing and the chemical reactions were monitored by Raman spectroscopy and isothermal calorimetry. The studies have demonstrated the ability to tailor the properties of a gel-cast system over a relatively wide range of reaction rates and the resulting mechanical properties by utilizing small adjustments to the overall chemistry of the system.
The Dramatic Function of the Running Slave Rhoda (Acts 12.13–16): A Piece of Greco-Roman Comedy

Rhoda, the slave maid (παιδισκη) in Acts 12.13–16, has been seen as a classic example of a touch of realism that lends authenticity to Luke's narrative: the vivid and precise detail of her flighty joy presents such a candid snapshot of her individuality and eccentric Christian faith that it could only come from a historical source, perhaps the eyewitness reminiscence of Rhoda herself. While less willing than earlier commentators to accept the description in its final form as factual, more recent scholars still perpetuate the goal of discerning the historical core behind the account and continue to read it as a piece of realistic drama. Many, to be sure, have detected in the scene the presence of other elements, such as comedy and extraordinary suspense, but this idea is downplayed or subordinated as further evidence of realism; a few discount the idea as a modern reading. Nonetheless, a consensus emerges: Rhoda's dramatic function in the narrative is to heighten realism. Some scholars then discover a further theological theme of liberation: Rhoda's genuine, assertive behaviour to speak her mind ‘breaks down’ the oppressive hierarchy between master and slave – revealing Luke's so-called subversion of slavery as a social institution – and the subsequent vindication of Rhoda's speech as trustworthy authenticates and uplifts the Christian witness of women (cf. Gal 3.28).
Lidar characterization of crystalline silica generation and transport from a sand and gravel plant

Light detection and ranging (Lidar) remote sensing two-dimensional vertical and horizontal scans collected downwind of a sand and gravel plant were used to evaluate the generation and transport of geologic fugitive dust emitted by quarry operations. The lidar data give unsurpassed spatial resolution of the emitted dust, but lack quantitative particulate matter (PM) mass concentration data. Estimates of the airborne PM10 and crystalline silica concentrations were determined using linear relationships between point monitor PM10 and quartz content data with the lidar backscatter signal collected from the point monitor location. Lidar vertical profiles at different distances downwind from the plant were used to quantify the PM10 and quartz horizontal fluxes at 2-m vertical resolution as well as off-site emission factors. Emission factors on the order of 65–110 kg of PM10 (10–30 kg quartz) per daily truck activity or 2–4 kg/t product shipped (0.5–1 kg quartz/t) were quantified for this facility. The lidar results identify numerous elevated plumes
New evolution equations for the joint response-excitation probability density function of stochastic solutions to first-order nonlinear PDEs

By using functional integral methods we determine new evolution equations satisfied by the joint response-excitation probability density function (PDF) associated with the stochastic solution to first-order nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). The theory is presented for both fully nonlinear and for quasilinear scalar PDEs subject to random boundary conditions, random initial conditions or random forcing terms. Particular applications are discussed for the classical linear and nonlinear advection equations and for the advection-reaction equation. By using a Fourier-Galerkin spectral method we obtain numerical solutions of the proposed response-excitation PDF equations. These numerical solutions are compared against those obtained by using more conventional statistical approaches such as probabilistic collocation and multi-element probabilistic collocation methods. It is found that the response-excitation approach yields accurate predictions of the statistical properties of the system. In addition, it allows to directly ascertain the tails of probabilistic distributions, thus facilitating the assessment of rare events and associated risks. The computational cost of the response-excitation method is order magnitudes smaller than the one of more conventional statistical approaches if the PDE is subject to high-dimensional random boundary or initial conditions. The question of high-dimensionality for evolution equations involving multidimensional joint response-excitation PDFs is also addressed.
Gastrointestinal decontamination in the acutely poisoned patient

To define the role of gastrointestinal (GI) decontamination of the poisoned patient. A computer-based PubMed/MEDLINE search of the literature on GI decontamination in the poisoned patient with cross referencing of sources. Clinical, animal and in vitro studies were reviewed for clinical relevance to GI decontamination of the poisoned patient. The literature suggests that previously, widely used, aggressive approaches including the use of ipecac syrup, gastric lavage, and cathartics are now rarely recommended. Whole bowel irrigation is still often recommended for slow-release drugs, metals, and patients who "pack" or "stuff" foreign bodies filled with drugs of abuse, but with little quality data to support it. Activated charcoal (AC), single or multiple doses, was also a previous mainstay of GI decontamination, but the utility of AC is now recognized to be limited and more time dependent than previously practiced. These recommendations have resulted in several treatment guidelines that are mostly based on retrospective analysis, animal studies or small case series, and rarely based on randomized clinical trials. The current literature supports limited use of GI decontamination of the poisoned patient.
Involvement of cellular sulfhydryl compounds in the inhibition of RNA synthesis by selenite.

There have been a number of studies which have suggested that sulfhydryl (SH) compounds may play a role in the cellular effects of selenite. Our recent finding that DNA and RNA polymerases are inhibited by selenite only in the presence of an SH compound (Frenkel et al. 1987) led us to hypothesize that cellular SH compounds are involved in the inhibition by selenite of cellular DNA replication and transcription. We have investigated this hypothesis by examining the effect of selenite on DNA and RNA synthesis in cells which have been depleted of endogenous SH compounds. Our results have provided direct evidence for the involvement of cellular SH compounds in this effect of selenite.
Receptivity to new technology among older adults.

Purpose: Both absolute and relative increases in the older adult population are occurring concurrently with the growth of high technology. Technological devices offer sophisticated solutions to some of the problems associated with ageing. This study borrows from the health utilization literature in order to develop and test a model for understanding receptivity to specific technological products by older adults. Results: Receptivity is directly influenced by predispositional, need and social support factors, as well as by one's level of concern for problems that could be alleviated through the use of technology. Hierarchical regression equations reveal that this latter variable, concern, has the strongest influence on receptivity, while need factors display strong indirect effects. Those with unsatisfactory contact with others are also more receptive, suggesting that the lack of social support acts as a need factor. Contrary to past research, women are more receptive to technology than men. Conclusions: T...
Oxygen induces electromechanical coupling in arteriolar smooth muscle cells: a role for L-type Ca2+ channels

We tested whether O2-induced vasomotor responses of arterioles correspond to changes in membrane potential (E m) of cells in the arteriolar wall. The cheek pouches of anesthetized male hamsters wer...
The use of the cemented Exeter Universal femoral stem in a District General Hospital: A MINIMUM TEN-YEAR FOLLOW-UP

We describe the survivorship of the Exeter femoral component in a District General Hospital. Between 1994 and 1996, 230 Exeter Universal cemented femoral components were implanted in 215 patients who were reviewed at a mean of 11.2 years (10 to 13). We used one acetabular implant, the Elite Ogee component, in 218 of the 230 hips. During the period of this study 76 patients (79 hips) died. Of the remaining 139 patients (151 hips), 121 were able to attend for radiological analysis at a minimum of ten years. One patient was lost to follow-up. No femoral component was revised for aseptic loosening. Three hips were revised for deep infection and six acetabular components required revision, four for loosening and two for recurrent dislocation. Taking the 'worst-case scenario' including the one patient lost to follow-up, the overall survival rate was 94.4% at 13 years. Our results confirm excellent medium-term results for the Exeter Universal femoral component, implanted in a general setting. The excellent survival of this femoral component, when used in combination with the Ogee acetabular component, suggests that this is a successful pairing.
Quantum optics: Jumping to hyperentanglement

A state-of-the-art source of hyperentangled photon pairs has been built and its quantum properties fully characterized.
On the Utility of P3 Latency and RT for Studying Cognitive Processes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses on the utility of P3 latency and reaction time (RT) for studying cognitive processes. The identification and timing of different information processing stages have been rigorously studied using RT measures. Recently, the latency of the P3 of the event-related brain potential (ERP) has also been utilized in addition to RT in the timing of mental events. The latency of P300 has been shown to reflect the relative times to evaluate different stimuli, including processes necessary for making a task-relevant decision. While RT may reflect stimulus evaluation processes, it also reflects the relative timing of response processes. One purpose of the current investigation is to study the relationship between the processes reflected in RT and P3 latency. As a working model, it is assumed that the processes leading up to the execution of a response are serial, and that RT and P3 each separately mark the relative timing of the completion of some of those processes.
Dental Materials and Technology Research at the National Bureau of Standards, a Model for Government-Private Sector Cooperation

Cooperation is one avenue being pursued among American industry, labor, and government to ensure a strong internationally competitive U.S. economy. At the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), we have a program which facilitates cooperative interaction. This article focusses on one of our longest running cooperative projects, dental materials research.
POLY (p-PHENYLENE TEREPHTHALAMIDE) FIBER FROM THE PARTIALLY N-CYANOETHYLATED HOMOLOGUE BY REMOVAL OF THE SUBSTITUENT WITH HEAT TREATMENT

p-Phenylenediamine, N, N′-dicyanoethyl-p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride were copolymerized to give a partially N-cyanoethylated poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (degree of substitution: 30%), which was soluble in dimethylacetamide-calcium chloride. This solution was wet-spun and the spun fiber was drawn and heat-treated at above 450°C, thereby decyanoethylation occurred to yield a fiber composed substantially of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide). This fiber showed the following tensile properties: 10.5g/d tenacity, 1.6% elongation and 760g/d initial modulus, respectively.