cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy in the Surgical Management of Adolescent Acetabular Dysplasia

Residual hip dysplasia often progresses to early osteoarthritis with many patients requiring arthroplasty at a relatively young age to relieve symptoms. Alternatively, reconstructive pelvic surgery is directed at correcting hip mechanics with the expectation that the need for arthroplasty will be delayed or even eliminated. Bernese periacetabular osteotomy has proven effective in delaying the development of arthritic changes and good mid- to long-term outcomes have been reported. This article describes the technical details of the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy.
Contemporary Trends in the Ambulatory Surgical Treatment of Urolithiasis: Population-Based Analysis.

Abstract Purpose: To describe the utilization of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) in ambulatory surgery centers, as well as to identify patient-specific factors predictive of one procedure over the other. Patients and Methods: We evaluated the current trends in the use of SWL and URS in the ambulatory settings over a 5-year period in the state of California using the State of California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) database. Results: We identified 113,447 ambulatory kidney stone surgical procedures including 64,632 SWL (57%) and 48,815 URS (43%) treatments in the OSHPD database between 2005 and 2010. The total annual ambulatory stone surgeries increased from 17,831 cases in 2005 to 18,933 cases in 2010 (P<0.001). Between 2005 and 2010, the use of URS increased significantly from 6978 (39%) cases in 2005 to 9259 (49%) cases in 2010 (P<0.0012), whereas the use of SWL decreased from 10,853 (61%) cases in 2005 to 9674 (51%) cases in 2010 (P=0.0012). In multivar...
The Role of Competition in Natural Monopoly: Costs, Public Ownership, and Regulation

Conventional policy for industries with very high economies of scale is to permit monopoly but to subject it to regulation or public ownership. Since the latter may not result in cost minimization, however, it is possible that competition, by forcing firms to operate at the cost frontier, may be less costly despite sacrificing some scale economies. The paper sets out the relevant analytical considerations, estimates a cost function for electric distribution utilities in the U.S., and tests for the relative costs of monopoly and duopoly utilities. Among other notable findings, it concludes that competition does indeed lower net costs.
A general method for enumerating single cells secreting antigen: albumin-secreting hepatocytes detected as plaque-forming cells.

Sheep erythrocytes, artificially coated with purified antibody specific for mouse serum albumin (anti-MSA Ab-E) were agglutinated and lysed by mouse serum albumin. Mouse liver cells, plated with anti-MSA Ab-E formed hemolytic plaques in a modified plaque in a modified plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. The same cells tested with anti-MSA Ab-E did not rosette in a modified immunocytoadhesion assay. Thus, liver cells secreted molecules (albumin) which were not detectable on the cell membrane. This PFC assay with Ab-E is probably a general method for enumerating antigen-secreting cells.
Niacin or Ezetimibe for Patients with, or at Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors has been very successful. There is increasing interest in adding other lipid lowering therapy, primarily as additional therapy onto HMG-CoA reductase therapy. This paper will examine two of the more popular secondary agents, ezetimibe and niacin, and describe their research data and potential for usefulness in further reducing cardiovascular events.
Examining the Drivers and Performance Implications of Boundary Spanner Creativity

For organizations implementing a value-added model, creative boundary spanners can improve service behaviors and overall performance. Advancing Amabile’s componential framework, which underscores t...
A GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR SHELL FINITE ELEMENT FOR TIRE VIBRATION ANALYSIS

Abstract An axisymmetric finite element is developed which includes such features as orthotropic material properties, doubly curved geometry, and both the first and second order nonlinear stiffness terms. This element can be used to predict the equilibrium state of an axisymmetric shell structure with geometrically nonlinear large displacements. Small amplitude vibration analysis can then be performed based on this equilibrium state. The nonlinear path is predicted by using the self-correcting incremental procedure and any point on the path can be checked by using the Newton-Raphson iterative scheme. The present formulation and solution procedure are evaluated by analyzing a series of examples with results compared with alternative known solutions. Examples include: free vibration of an isotropic cylindrical shell, a conical frustum, and an orthotropic cylindrical shell; buckling of a cylindrical shell; large deflection of a clamped disk, a spherical cap, and a steel belted radial tire. The final example is a free vibration analysis of the inflated tire and the natural frequencies obtained compared well with published experimental data.
Patterns of Colonization With Ureaplasma urealyticum During Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Hospitalizations of Very Low Birth Weight Infants and the Development of Chronic Lung Disease

Background. Ureaplasma urealyticum and its association with chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity has remained a controversial topic. To readdress this question, we performed a longitudinal study using culture and polymerase chain reaction to detect U urealyticum in the respiratory tract of very low birthweight infants throughout their neonatal intensive care unit hospitalizations. Methods. We screened 125 infants weighing Results. Forty infants (32%) had 1 or more positive specimens by culture or polymerase chain reaction. We identified 3 patterns of U urealyticum colonization: persistently positive ( n = 18), early transient ( n = 14), and late acquisition ( n = 8). We compared the rates of CLD in each of the 3 colonized groups with the rate of CLD in the noncolonized group. We found a significantly higher rate of CLD at 28 days of age (odds ratio: 8.7; 95% confidence interval: 3.3, 23) and at 36 weeks’ postconception (odds ratio: 38.5, 95% confidence interval: 4.0, 374) only for infants with persistently positive colonization. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that the risk of developing CLD varies with the pattern of U urealyticum colonization. Only the persistently positive colonization pattern, which accounted for 45% of the U urealyticum -positive infants, was associated with a significantly increased risk of development of CLD.
Multiband audio modeling for single-channel acoustic source separation

Detailed hidden Markov models (HMMs) that capture the constraints implicit in a particular sound can be used to estimate obscured or corrupted portions from partial observations, the situation encountered when trying to identify multiple, overlapping sounds. However, when the complexity and variability of the sounds are high, as in a particular speaker's voice, a detailed model might require several thousand states to cover the full range of different short-term spectra with adequate resolution. To address the tractability problems of such large models, we break the source signals into multiple frequency bands, and build separate but coupled HMMs for each band, requiring many fewer states per model. To prevent non-natural full spectral states and to enforce consistency within and between bands, at any given frame, the state in a particular band is determined by the previous state in that band and the states in the adjacent bands. Coupling the bands in this manner results in a grid like model for the full spectrum. Since exact inference of such a model is intractable, we derive an efficient approximation based on variational methods. Results in source separation of combined signals modeled with this approach outperform the separation obtained by full-band models.
Building Civic Capacity on Campus Through a Radically Inclusive Teaching and Learning Initiative

In this article we explore the definition and development of civic capacity at a liberal arts college through a specific teaching and learning initiative. This initiative encourages faculty, staff, and students to share the roles of teacher, learner, and colleague as they gain educational opportunities and foster these for others. Through a description of two programs and analysis of participants’ reflections, we identify four stages of change that foster civic capacity. We suggest that this initiative invites a re-interpretation of the institution as a site of educational opportunities and raises questions about how to broaden access to these opportunities.
MTD-1, a touch-cell-specific membrane protein with a subtle effect on touch sensitivity

We have used representational difference analysis (RDA) applied to cDNA to isolate transcripts regulated by MEC-3, a transcription factor needed for the differentiation of the six touch receptor neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. Six percent of 595 cDNAs isolated by cDNA RDA were mec-3-dependent. These cDNAs represented mRNA from two previously known genes, mec-18 and mec-7, and one new gene, mtd-1 (mec-three-dependent). mtd-1 encodes a novel transmembrane protein that is exclusively expressed in the six touch cells throughout development. mtd-1 loss results in a subtle defect in the touch receptor neurons. Neither mtd-1 RNAi nor a putative mtd-1 loss-of-function mutation resulted in touch insensitivity, but both enhanced the touch insensitivity of mec-6(u247), a temperature sensitive allele, at the permissive temperature.
Hepatitis C co-infection and severity of liver disease as risk factors for osteoporotic fractures among HIV-infected patients.

Osteoporosis is increasingly reported in the aging HIV-positive population, and co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) may further increase the risk of osteoporosis. However, it remains unclear whether HCV-related increased fracture risk is a function of the severity of liver disease. We calculated the time-updated alanine aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score (an indirect marker of hepatic fibrosis) in all HIV-infected patients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs' Clinical Case Registry between 1984 and 2009. The association between HCV co-infection and incident osteoporotic fracture (defined as closed wrist, vertebral, or hip fracture) was assessed in univariate and multivariate Cox survival models adjusting for traditional risk factors for osteoporosis and APRI score or the presence of cirrhosis. A total of 772 osteoporotic fractures were identified among 56,660 HIV-infected patients (98.1% male; 31.3% HCV co-infected; median age 44.0 years) contributing 305,237 patient-years of follow-up. Fracture rates were significantly higher among HIV/HCV patients than HIV-only patients (2.57 versus 2.07/1000 patient-years, relative risk = 1.24, p < 0.0001). In a Cox multivariable model including age, race, smoking, drug use, body mass index, and antiretroviral therapy, HCV co-infection remained an independent predictor of osteoporotic fractures after controlling for presence of cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32; p <0.001) or APRI score (HR = 1.30; p = 0.003). Among HIV/HCV co-infected patients, cirrhosis strongly predicted osteoporotic fractures (HR = 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.44; p = 0.012), but APRI score was a weaker predictor (HR = 1.008; 95% CI 1.002-1.014; p = 0.015). In conclusion, among HIV-infected patients, severity of liver disease partly explains the HCV-associated increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. Other determinants of this increased risk remain to be defined.
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase/Akt Signal Relay Cooperates with Smad in Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Induced Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) Expression and Osteoclast Differentiation

Murine spleen cells produce mature osteoclasts when cocultured with osteoblastic cells. Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 is the growth factor required for differentiating the monocyte-macrophage precursor cells into preosteoclasts. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling in osteoblasts regulates bone mass in mice, suggesting a role of BMP in osteoclastogenesis along with osteoblast activity. The intracellular signal transduction cross talk regulating the osteoblastic production of CSF-1 as a mechanism of BMP-induced osteoclastogenesis is described in this report. We have recently described the involvement of Smad 1/5 in BMP-2-induced CSF-1 expression and osteoclast formation. In this study, using the pharmacological inhibitors and the adenovirus (Ad) vectors expressing dominant-negative (DN) phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), the PI3K-signaling inhibitor, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN) or DN Akt kinase in the in vitro coculture assay, we show an essential role of the lipid kinase cascade in BMP-2-mediated multinucleated osteoclast formation and CSF-1 mRNA expression, transcription, and secretion. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling blocked the binding of Smads 1/5 to the CSF-1 BMP-responsive element present in the CSF-1 promoter, resulting in attenuation of Smad-dependent CSF-1 transcription. Furthermore, PI3K inhibition and DN Akt prevented association of the transcriptional coactivator, CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) binding protein (CBP), with Smads 1/5. Together, these data for the first time demonstrate that PI3K-dependent Akt activation regulates BMP-2-induced CSF-1 expression and provides a mechanism for osteoblastic cell-assisted osteoclast differentiation.
Hemiarthroplasty in rotator cuff-deficient shoulders.

Between 1974 and 1990 a Neer humeral hemiarthroplasty was used in 20 patients (21 shoulders) with combined glenohumeral arthritis and complete degenerative lesions of the rotator cuff. Patients were monitored for an average of 4 years (range 2 to 6.6 years). The coracoacromial ligament was preserved as a restraint against anterosuperior displacement. The rotator cuff defect was irreparable, and no attempt was made to cover the superior defect. Two patients underwent transfer of the sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major to the lesser tuberosity for subscapularis insufficiency and anterior subluxation. After the operation rehabilitation of the deltoid was aggressively pursued. With limited goals criteria described by Neer, 18 (86%) shoulders achieved satisfactory results. Pain scores improved from a mean of 2.9 (scale of 0 to 3) before operation to 0.6 after operation. All patients had lower pain scores after operation. However, only 12 shoulders had no pain (pain score of 0). Average active flexion improved to 120° after operation from 70° before operation. However, five patients achieved less than 90° of active flexion after operation. Active external rotation improved from a mean of 27° (range 0° to 65°) to a mean of 46° (range 0° to 70°). No instances of postoperative instability occurred. Although the results of hemiprosthetic replacement in this difficult patient population are inferior to results experienced by patients with an intact rotator cuff, the improvement of pain and preservation of function obtained make it an attractive alternative to arthrodesis, resection arthroplasty, or constrained arthroplasty.
Stages of instruction: theatre, pedagogy and information literacy

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to offer a new perspective on library instruction by examining its relationship with various aspects of theatrical performance. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses personal observations as inspiration to examine what has been written in scholarly literature about various theatrical practices in instruction, applying the conversation to the library instruction context. Additionally, research from business and professional literature is also incorporated into the discussion. This literature review focuses on three general areas. First, a review on how to use tools and perspectives from the theater to help librarians prepare their lessons; second, an examination of the librarian as performer; and third, a discussion on how theater might help librarians deal with repetition and burnout. Findings – The literature on this subject has been extensive and includes an all-encompassing range of practical suggestions, research findings and theoretical analyses. Resea...
An Empirical Analysis of Hierarchy Effects in Judicial Decision Making

Students of judicial decision making have long speculated that the factors influencing judicial decision making operate to varying degrees at different levels of the judicial hierarchy. Prominent among these has been what we term the "Hierarchy Postulate": that the effect of judges' policy preferences on their decisions increases as one moves up the judicial hierarchy. Yet to date no study has examined whether the influence of policy preferences on judges' decisions varies across the full range of the federal courts. We analyze the factors that influence judicial decision making using a unique, original data resource on cases decided at each level of U.S. federal court hierarchy. Doing so allows us to evaluate the differential impact of policy preferences on judicial decision making while simultaneously holding constant the influence of idiosyncratic, case-specific factors on those decisions. Our findings robustly and consistently support the contention that ideological and policy-related effects on federal judges' decisions are larger at higher levels of the judicial hierarchy, while legal and case-specific factors dominate at lower levels.
Functions of a National Anthem in Society and Education: A Sociocultural Perspective

The purpose of this article is to examine the national anthem of the United States in terms of its functions, norms, and variants. After providing an historical background of the song's origins, I use various sociocultural conceptualizations of music and social functions as guideposts around which to wrap historical and autobiographical narratives that build a case against absolutist portrayals of "The Star-Spangled Banner" in school music curriculum. Finally, I discuss ways this understanding can inform educators in constructing learning experiences designed to help students come to know the multiple meanings and soundings of this and other important songs representative of specific cultural groups.
Single-Crystal Si Films Via a Low-Substrate-Temperature Excimer-Laser Crystallization Method

This paper describes an extension of the sequential lateral solidification (SLS) method for producing single-crystal Si regions in predetermined locations on thin Si films on SiO2. This is accomplished by manipulating the shape of the solidification front in order to exploit the tendency of grain boundaries to propagate nearly perpendicular to the melt interface. Specifically, we employ a chevron-shaped beamlet to select and grow the grain at the chevron’s apex for propagation, resulting in a well-defined single-crystal region. Many such chevrons are processed concurrently—each one leading to a single-crystal region at a precisely determined location, and each one being large enough for complete inclusion of an entire thin-film transistor (TFT) device. Microstructural examination of defect-etched SLS material using optical microscopy reveals unambiguously that single-crystal regions free of high-angle grain boundaries are produced.
What the gastroenterologist needs to know about the histology of Barrett's esophagus.

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to provide clinicians with an up-to-date summary of the terminology, classification, biological characteristics, and limitations of pathology regarding Barrett's esophagus and associated neoplastic precursor lesions in order to optimize decision making
Studies and Evaluation of 14 Varieties Introduced from America

Studies were made on the agronomic characteristics, variety type and wide compatibility of 14 rice varieties introduced from America. Pedigree analysis were also conducted. The results indicated most of varieties have unfavourable comprehensive characteristics. Low number of effective panicle per plant is a main problem. Different variety have advantage in different characteristics. 14 WCVs which include varieties with compatibility gene and varieties from indica-japonica hybridization were identified. Pedigree analysis demonstrated that the genetic base of 20 WCVs can be traced to these varieties: Pachain, UNJP, Marong paroc, Hill sel., UNPH, Hnduras and so on. It is essential to make further studies on morphological feature and physiological property of American varieties and genetic base of wide compatibility.
Restructuring the Introductory Computer Science Course with Topics from AI.

The traditional CS1 syllabus focuses almost entirely on elementary programming concepts and leaves little time to explore the broad discipline of computer science, including the many exciting developments in artificial intelligence. Hence, some students who take the CS1 course develop the misconception that computer science involves little more than programming, and they decide not to study it any further. We have developed a unified approach to CS1 that integrates aspects of the traditional CS0 and CS1 syllabi. This approach draws examples from AI to help illustrate the enormous potential for and broad societal impact of advances in computer science.
A predictive model for lithic resources in Iowa

Information Systems (GIS) provide a powerful tool for modeling the natural distribution of Iowa lithic resources now found in archaeological sites. I use two methods to create a predictive GIS model of lithic exposures available for prehistoric use in Iowa: (1) comparing interpolated bedrock surfaces with ground elevations to create outcrop zones, and (2) using four predictors to statistically model the likelihood of rock outcrops within zones. The first method predicted twenty-four of twenty-seven known outcrops (88. 8% success rate) in the study area. The second method employs Dempster-Shafer Weight-of-Evidence modeling and logistic regression methods. Kolomogrov-Smirnov tests show the four predictors to be significantly different from background values and model assignments show high probabilities at known outcrops while eliminating vast areas as low probabilities. It is agreed that such models could be used to further study lithic procurement and use. A comparison of predicted outcrops to utilized lithic resources at a multi-component Woodland site demonstrates the use of high quality, non-local material over poor quality local material at this site.
Elements of Adaptation in Ambient User Interfaces

In the “Design4All” project, a hardware and software architecture is under development for the implementation of adaptable and adaptive applications aimed to support all people in carrying out an independent life at home. In this paper, the problems of interactions with applications implemented in the Android platform, chosen for the experiments of interaction with the developed applications, are discussed with main emphasis on two main aspects: (i) the use of facilities supporting accessibility available in the most commonly used operating systems (mainstreaming) and (ii) the portability of solutions across different platforms.
Nonenzymatic biomimetic remodeling of phospholipids in synthetic liposomes

Cell membranes have a vast repertoire of phospholipid species whose structures can be dynamically modified by enzymatic remodeling of acyl chains and polar head groups. Lipid remodeling plays important roles in membrane biology and dysregulation can lead to disease. Although there have been tremendous advances in creating artificial membranes to model the properties of native membranes, a major obstacle has been developing straightforward methods to mimic lipid membrane remodeling. Stable liposomes are typically kinetically trapped and are not prone to exchanging diacylphospholipids. Here, we show that reversible chemoselective reactions can be harnessed to achieve nonenzymatic spontaneous remodeling of phospholipids in synthetic membranes. Our approach relies on transthioesterification/acyl shift reactions that occur spontaneously and reversibly between tertiary amides and thioesters. We demonstrate exchange and remodeling of both lipid acyl chains and head groups. Using our synthetic model system we demonstrate the ability of spontaneous phospholipid remodeling to trigger changes in vesicle spatial organization, composition, and morphology as well as recruit proteins that can affect vesicle curvature. Membranes capable of chemically exchanging lipid fragments could be used to help further understand the specific roles of lipid structure remodeling in biological membranes.
Propagandists Victorious: 1944–45

In 1944 allied armies advanced slowly but steadily towards final victory in Europe. Anglo-American and other allied forces drove the Germans out of Italy, and after the Normandy landing on 6 June forced them into retreat everywhere. Meanwhile the Russians were expelling Axis forces from Soviet territories. On 20 July dissident Wehrmacht officers and a handful of anti-Nazi civilians tried to assassinate Hitler and take over the government, hoping to end the war and gain an advantageous peace. They failed disastrously and the war raged on. By autumn Rumania had surrendered, Paris was liberated, Finland accepted armistice, Brussels was freed, and German forces fell back in Holland, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. On 30 November Canadian units ‘broke into’ Germany proper, the first allied troops to enter the Nazi bastion. A German counterattack in mid-December failed utterly. This ‘Battle of the Bulge’ was the deaththroe of a fatally wounded animal, and from that moment the allied advance became a headlong rush.
Trade Liberalization among Industrial Countries: Objectives and Alternatives

(1968). Trade Liberalization among Industrial Countries: Objectives and Alternatives. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 349-351.
Scandinavian Studies Presented to George T. Flow, by Colleagues and Friends, Edited by Henning Larsen and C. A. Williams: “Illinois Studies in Language and Literature,” xxix, i. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1942.

(1943). Scandinavian Studies Presented to George T. Flow, by Colleagues and Friends, Edited by Henning Larsen and C. A. Williams. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 304-305.
Relationship of pressure to be thin with gains in body weight and fat mass in adolescents

SummaryBackground Sociocultural pressure to be thin is commonly reported by adolescents; yet, to what extent such pressure is associated with weight gain has not been evaluated longitudinally. Objective Examine whether pressure to be thin was positively associated with weight and fat gain in adolescents. Methods Participants were 196 healthy adolescent (age 15 ± 1 years old) girls (65%) and boys of varying weights (BMI 25 ± 7 kg/m2) studied at baseline and 1-year follow-up. At baseline, adolescents and their mothers reported pressure to be thin by questionnaire. At baseline and follow-up, BMI was calculated, and fat mass was assessed with air displacement plethysmography. Multiple regression was used to examine associations between baseline pressure to be thin and 1-year changes in BMI and fat mass. Results Accounting for multiple covariates, including baseline BMI or fat, adolescent-reported pressure from parents and peers and mother-reported pressure toward their teen were associated with greater gains in either adolescent BMI or fat (ps < .05). Adolescent weight status was a moderator of multiple effects (ps < .05). Conclusions Parental and peer pressure to be thin were associated with increases in BMI and fat mass during adolescence, particularly in heavier adolescents. Further research is necessary to clarify how this association operates reciprocally and to identify underlying explanatory mechanisms.
Investing in shared spectrum

Sharing spectrum is a promising approach for expanding wireless access and increasing competition among wireless service providers. Indeed, this is a key motivation behind the recent regulations such as those for the 3.5 GHz band in the U.S. However, meeting this promise requires that service providers (SPs) have the incentives to invest in technology to be deployed in shared bands. This is not a forgone conclusion. Indeed by lowering entry barriers, sharing can promote more competition, but this also lowers revenue, making investment less attractive. In this paper, we study such scenarios for band of spectrum that is shared under a primary-secondary paradigm, by adopting a model developed by Liu and Berry in 2014. In their model, a primary SP and multiple secondary SPs compete for a common pool of customers using a shared band. In that work, any investments of the SPs was considered sunk, and it was shown that sharing improved both social welfare and consumer welfare over the case where the band was exclusively licensed to one SP. Here, we add an investment stage to this model, in which all of the SPs first decide on an investment level; given their investments, they again compete for customers. We characterize the sub-game perfect equilibrium of the resulting game and characterize the resulting consumer and social welfare. We show that a secondary SP needs a lower investment cost than a primary in order to enter the market. Moreover, at most one secondary SP will enter, even if multiple have low costs. Finally, we show that for large enough bandwidth, assigning the SP with the lower investment cost as the primary can provide more social welfare and consumer welfare than making it a secondary.
Complementarity, wave-particle duality, and domains of applicability

Abstract Complementarity has frequently, but mistakenly, been conflated with wave-particle duality, and this conflation has led to pervasive misunderstandings of Bohr's views and several misguided claims of an experimental “disproof” of complementarity. In this paper, I explain what Bohr meant by complementarity, and how this is related to, but distinct from, wave-particle duality. I list a variety of possible meanings of wave-particle duality, and canvass the ways in which they are (or are not) supported by quantum physics and Bohr's interpretation. I also examine the extent to which wave-particle duality should be viewed as an example of the sort of dualities one finds in, e.g., string theory. I argue that the most fruitful way of reading of Bohr's account complementarity is by comparing it to current accounts of effective theories with limited domains of applicability.
Legal Status, Time in the USA, and the Well-Being of Latinos in Los Angeles

In the USA, undocumented Latino immigrants may have poorer health because of barriers to health care, stressors, and detrimental effects of immigration enforcement. Previous immigrant health research, however, suggests that recently arrived Latino immigrants have better health than US-born Latinos and their health deteriorates over time. Given the current environments that undocumented immigrants face, legal status is a structural factor that likely influences the patterns of immigrant health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the extent to which physical and mental health differed by legal status and duration in the USA for the Latino population in Los Angeles County, California. We conducted analysis of Latino respondents (n = 1396) to the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS) Wave II. We examined self-reported health, depression measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form, and blood pressure collected by trained interviewers. Respondents reported their legal status, time in the USA, and other sociodemographic characteristics. Regression models were used to test associations between each outcome and 1) legal status and 2) legal status by duration (≤ 15 and > 15 years) in the USA. Without taking duration into account, we found no significant differences in outcomes between undocumented, documented, or US-born Latinos. Taking duration into account, shorter duration undocumented immigrants had worse self-reported health than the US born. Undocumented immigrants, regardless of duration, had higher blood pressure than documented immigrants who had been in the USA for less time and the same level of blood pressure as the US born. In contrast, shorter duration documented immigrants had lower blood pressure compared to longer duration documented immigrants and US-born counterparts, and marginally lower blood pressure than shorter duration undocumented immigrants. The findings suggest that the "health advantage" generally presumed to exist among immigrants may not affect undocumented immigrants.
A Fresh Look at Solutions of Polymer Mixtures

Analysis of phase equilibria in ternary systems of the type solvent — polymer(l) — polymer(2) is facilitated by introduction of two new parameters replacing traditional separation factors σi, namely ŋ = (σ1 σ2)1/2 and ξ = (σ2/σ1)1/2. The projection of the latter one into the complex plane of the reduced interaction term creates a one-dimensional global space of all ternary systems, ordered according to the tendency of their polymeric components to separate into two different phases. Surprisingly, ξ changes very little over the entire span of the cloud-point curve of a given polymer mixture. The geometrical average ŋ is a measure of the distance of a cloud-point from the critical point, just as σ was for quasibinary systems. It can be utilized to derive criteria for existence of multiple critical points. Conditions for single, double and triple critical points are established. The approximate plait point criterion derived years ago by Scott is shown to arise, with a minor modification, as an exact solution for a special case.
CNBP controls c-Rel dependent IL-12β gene transcription and Th1 immunity

An inducible program of inflammatory gene expression is a hallmark of antimicrobial defenses. Herein, we identified Cellular nucleic acid binding protein (Cnbp) as a specific regulator of interleukin-12β gene transcription and Th1 immunity. Cnbp resides in the cytosol of macrophages and translocates to the nucleus in response to a broad range of microbial ligands. Cnbp-deficient macrophages had a selective impairment in their ability to induce IL12β gene transcription. Cnbp interacted with c-Rel, an NFBκ/Rel family member that controls IL12β gene transcription. c-Rel nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity were dependent on Cnbp. Furthermore, Cnbp itself bound the IL12β promoter. Lastly, Cnbp-deficient mice were more susceptible to acute toxoplasmosis associated with reduced production of IL12β, as well as a reduced Th1 cell IFNγ response essential to control parasite replication. Collectively, these findings identify Cnbp as a key regulator of c-Rel dependent IL12β gene transcription and Th1 immunity.
Development of a research reactor protocol for neutron multiplication measurements

Abstract A new series of subcritical measurements has been conducted at the zero-power Walthousen Reactor Critical Facility (RCF) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) using a 3He neutron multiplicity detector. The Critical and Subcritical 0-Power Experiment at Rensselaer (CaSPER) campaign establishes a protocol for advanced subcritical neutron multiplication measurements involving research reactors for validation of neutron multiplication inference techniques, Monte Carlo codes, and associated nuclear data. There has been increased attention and expanded efforts related to subcritical measurements and analyses, and this work provides yet another data set at known reactivity states that can be used in the validation of state-of-the-art Monte Carlo computer simulation tools. The diverse (mass, spatial, spectral) subcritical measurement configurations have been analyzed to produce parameters of interest such as singles rates, doubles rates, and leakage multiplication. MCNP®6.2 was used to simulate the experiment and the resulting simulated data has been compared to the measured results. Comparison of the simulated and measured observables (singles rates, doubles rates, and leakage multiplication) show good agreement. This work builds upon the previous years of collaborative subcritical experiments and outlines a protocol for future subcritical neutron multiplication inference and subcriticality monitoring measurements on pool-type reactor systems.
Pro-Taxpayer Interpretation of State and Local Tax Laws

The pro-taxpayer canon is one of the oldest interpretational devices in tax litigation. It has been substantially abandoned at the federal level, but retains considerable vigor in cases involving state and local taxes. Although the canon applies only to ambiguous tax statutes and may yield to counter canons or presumptions, the pro-taxpayer canon has impact in enough cases that it should be one of the arrows in the quivers of taxpayers and their representatives.
Estimating changes in urban land and urban population using refined areal interpolation techniques

Abstract. The analysis of changes in urban land and population is important because the majority of future population growth will take place in urban areas. U.S. Census historically classifies urban land using population density and various land-use criteria. This study analyzes the reliability of census-defined urban lands for delineating the spatial distribution of urban population and estimating its changes over time. To overcome the problem of incompatible enumeration units between censuses, regular areal interpolation methods including Areal Weighting (AW) and Target Density Weighting (TDW), with and without spatial refinement, are implemented. The goal in this study is to estimate urban population in Massachusetts in 1990 and 2000 (source zones), within tract boundaries of the 2010 census (target zones), respectively, to create a consistent time series of comparable urban population estimates from 1990 to 2010. Spatial refinement is done using ancillary variables such as census-defined urban areas, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) as well as different combinations of them. The study results suggest that census-defined urban areas alone are not necessarily the most meaningful delineation of urban land. Instead, it appears that alternative combinations of the above-mentioned ancillary variables can better depict the spatial distribution of urban land, and thus make it possible to reduce the estimation error in transferring the urban population from source zones to target zones when running spatially-refined temporal areal interpolation.
Bioavailability of the Opioid Peptide, Metkephamid

In recent years a substantial number of peptides have been identified as neurotransmitters or neuroregulators and in many cases these peptides act as systemic hormones as well [1]. An emerging concept in neuropharmacology is that abnormalities in one or more of these endogenous regulatory peptides may be involved in disease processes [2,3]. Discovering the roles these peptides play in normal and disease states is a current challenge and such research is promising to lead to the development of replacement therapy using synthetic peptide analogs or native peptides obtained from recombinant DNA techniques [4-7]. One potential limitation to using peptides as pharmacologic agents, however, is the need to administer these substances by a parenteral route.
Personality and Status

Stratification and status attainment have been major research topics in sociology for years (cf. Weber, 1946). Because status differences typify every human (and primate) group (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989) and because these differences profoundly affect our lives, it is important to inquire about their origins.
Invasive fungal sinusitis: a 15-year review from a single institution.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to review our experience with patients with invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) to determine outcomes and identify factors that may affect patient survival.MethodsA ...
The electrical resistivity of technetium from 8.0° to 1700° K☆

Abstract The electrical resistivity of arc-melted technetium-99 metal was determined from its superconducting transition temperature (7.5°K) to 1700°K. Above 77°K, the resistivity can be described by, ρ(μΩ-cm) = − 3.191 + 7.844 × 10 − 2 T −2.816 × 10 −5 T 2 + 4.038×10 −9 T 3 to an accuracy greater than the nominal error in the data (± 3–4%). This electrical resistivity data made possible an analysis of available thermal conductivity data and the calculation of a Debye temperature for technetium of 411°K.
Prisoners of conscience in the Plowshares and School of the Americas Watch movements: the politics of privilege, gender, and religious identity

ABSTRACTThe American peace movement has always been predominantly white and Christian, and this essay makes the privileged identities of nonviolent prisoners of conscience in the Plowshares and Sch...
Insight from a Docker Container Introspection

Article co-authored by William Gilsson published in the Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences in 2019.
Finding the middle: Spatial language and spatial reasoning

Abstract Learning relational language has been implicated in the development of spatial relational reasoning. We hypothesized that children’s encoding of the midpoint, a complex spatial relation, would be predicted by their knowledge of the relevant spatial terms, middle and between. Children aged 2½ to 5½ were asked to find an object hidden at the midpoint between two landmarks, which varied in their location and distance. Children improved with age on the search task; further, children’s performance after feedback suggested that encoding the midpoint relation poses a genuine challenge for young children. Children’s knowledge of the words middle and between, assessed in a separate task, predicted their search success beyond what was predicted by age or knowledge of other spatial terms. These findings are consistent with the view that relevant spatial word knowledge supports the representation and use of this complex spatial concept, a proposal that future work will seek to address.
Delaying reclosure of bladder exstrophy leads to gradual decline in bladder capacity.

Summary Introduction After unsuccessful repair of bladder exstrophy, when to repeat surgical intervention is unclear. One must balance time required for tissue healing with the damaging effects of an exposed urothelium to the environment. Objective The authors aim to study whether a relationship exists between bladder growth/capacity and time till eventual successful closure. Study design An institutional database of exstrophy-epispadias complex patients was queried for failed exstrophy closure with successful repeat reconstruction, at least three consecutive bladder capacity measurements, and measurements obtained at least three months following successful closure. Patients closed successfully in the neonatal period were used as a comparative group. Linear mixed effects models were used to study the effect of time and age on bladder capacity. Results Forty-seven patients requiring reclosure and 117 who had successful neonatal closures were included. Two models were created. The first linear mixed effects model found that for a given age, the bladder capacity declined approximately 9.6 mL per year (p = 0.016). The second model found that when time to successful closure was grouped by quartiles, compared to neonates, those in the fourth quartile had significantly decreased bladder capacity of 28.8 cc (p = 0.042). An interaction model comparing neonates and those requiring reclosure did not demonstrate a significant change in bladder growth rate (p = 0.098). A model stratified by quartiles similarly did not find any significant impact to bladder growth rate. Discussion From the general linear mixed effects models, the authors conclude when compared to neonates, (1) there was an approximate 9.6 cc loss of total bladder capacity per year taken until successful closure, and that (2) those who were delayed the longest had the most significant difference in bladder capacity. This study required stricter inclusion criteria compared to previous publications, and therefore the conclusions that can be drawn regarding bladder growth rates may be more reliable. Future studies will examine the effects of delayed closure on the bladder at the cellular level. Conclusions There is a demonstrable significant impact on overall bladder capacity with increasing delay to successful reclosure. One should be cautious when prolonging reconstruction of the bladder as these data demonstrate a time dependent decline in overall capacity. Download : Download high-res image (178KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary Figure . Linear mixed effect model demonstrating predicted bladder capacity for a given age. Significant difference was seen between the fourth quartile group (BCap4, red line) compared to neonatal closure (BCapn, blue line). (Abbreviations: BCap, bladder capacity.) (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article).
The entry point of the central retinal artery into the outer meningeal sheath of the optic nerve

Introduction The entry point of the central retinal artery (CRA) into the outer meningeal sheath of the optic nerve posterior to the globe has been studied and debated for more than one hundred years. The authors have supervised an orbital anatomy course for more than two decades. This article summarizes previous studies of the CRA and presents the results of dissections of 67 orbits. Materials and methods Heads were hemisected prior to dissection at the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. The authors measured the entry point of the CRA with a caliper and noted the meridional orientation of the CRA. Results The mean entry point was 10.65 mm posterior to the globe, with a range of 5 to 18 mm. Most commonly, the CRA entered the sheath in the inferior meridian, but some entered slightly inferomedially or inferolaterally. Conclusions The entry point of the CRA into the sheath of the optic nerve is variable, and without detailed angiography the clinician cannot know the course of the CRA prior to performing invasive intraorbital procedures. Knowledge of common variations in CRA entry into the outer meningeal sheath of the optic nerve should help to minimize injury during surgery.
Perceptions of Mortality: Individual Assessments of Longevity Risk

Financially successful retirement depends in large part on managing longevity risk: individuals need to save during their working lives to cover expenses in retirement, and then they must spend down those savings carefully so as not to outlive their assets. Despite the centrality of individuals’ expectations regarding life expectancy, little is known about how longevity expectations are formed and how they evolve as individuals age. This paper assesses the evolution of subjective survival probabilities, defined as the probabilities that people believe they will live to at least 75 or 85 years of age. I examine the correlates of these reported probabilities when initially measured, how they change over time, and in particular, how they change with major life course events like the death of a parent, in-law, spouse, or sibling. I also examine how the subjective probabilities change in response to health shocks such as a heart attack or diagnosis of diabetes.