cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indurated ulceration of the tongue

CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 48-year-old white man was initially seen by an otolaryngologist who had performed an incisional biopsy of a small ulcer on the left dorsal tongue. The diagnosis given was "no cancer, no fungal infect ion." Because the lesion was enlarging, the patient sought care in the Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry. At that time he had a 13-day history of a lesion on the left dorsal surface of the tongue. There was a questionable history of trauma as a result of biting the tongue. The patient indicated that he had a slight degree of dysphagia and difficulty in breathing. The patient reported no significant medical history, was taking no medications, and had no known drug allergies. On physical examination of the oral cavity, a 2.5 x 3 cm ulcer with elevated margins was noted on the left posterior dorsal surface of the tongue (Fig. 1). On palpation, the extent of the lesion was estimated to be about 5 x 7 cm, it was minimally tender, and indurated. There were no other intraoral lesions seen. There was no palpable cervical lymphadenopathy, and the remainder of the head and neck examination was essentially unremarkable.
Control of the synthesis, activity, and turnover of enzymes of sulfur metabolism in Neurospora crassa

Abstract The synthesis of aryl sulfatase, choline-O-sulfate permease, and two distinct sulfate permeases are repressed by methionine, but the activity of these enzymes is not subject to feedback inhibition. The permease species, but not aryl sulfatase, are also regulated by dynamic turnover, displaying a functional half-life of approximately 2 hr. The rate of turnover of these permeases is not influenced by the presence of the end product, methionine. Development of sulfate permease activity occurs only by de novo synthesis which requires both a lifting of methionine repression and a functional cys-3 product. The turnover system for sulfate permease is not present in dormant conidia but appears to be synthesized relatively rapidly during germination. Preexisting conidial sulfate permease is lost by turnover during germination and outgrowth into the mycelial phase, during which both permease species are synthesized anew, although the high affinity system contributes most of the total activity in growing mycelia.
A molecular mechanics and crystal packing study of the effects of fluorine content in poly(vinylidene fluoride) and vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymers

The tgtg′ conformation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is ∼0.5–0.7 kcal mol−1 monomer−1 more stable than the all-trans conformation as calculated by molecular mechanics. For vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer compositions
Analysis of items perceived as objectionable in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

220 Oklahoma State sophomores marked items in the MMPI protocol they would object to answering. From this group, protocols of 60 males and 60 females were selected for item analysis. Females reject...
Malignant melanoma of the mucous membranes: A review of 119 cases

Background: Melanomas arising from the mucous membranes lining the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts are rare. Women are more commonly affected than are men, mainly because there is no male counterpart for vulvovaginal lesions. The mainstay of therapy is surgery, with little current use of adjuvant modalities in primary therapy. These lesions usually are advanced at initial presentation; consequently, the prognosis is poor, with 5-year survivals well below 50% in most series.
Drilling mechanisms at elevated rock temperatures

Abstract Using a micro-bit drill rig, a laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated temperatures on drilling penetration rates and how these penetration rates correlate with changes in the mechanical properties of rock due to heating. Drilling tests were performed on Indiana limestone with air as the drilling fluid. Response surface methodology as used in the design of the experiments. From these tests, it was determined that rocks subjected to elevated temperatures are microfractured and drill more slowly than do intact rocks. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the temperature (at least in the range typically encountered in geothermal drilling, 177–316°C (350–600°F) has no significant effect on drilling penetration rates. Microcracks induced by differential thermal expansion of mineral grains in rocks subjected to elevated temperatures decrease drillability, as do macrocracks already present and/or induced by temperature-gradient thermal stresses. Up to the point of inducing macrocracks, the differential temperature between the flushing air and the rock mass enhances the penetration rate. Change in the compressive wave velocity, Brazilian tensile strength, and uniaxial compression strength the rock, due to exposure to elevated temperature, showed no direct correlation with the change in penetration rates.
Mediation in Cultural Perspective

WE LIVE in the first hundred years of the very dawn of one of the world's great revolutions. Disregarding geological changes-for the time being, since we dare not disregard them entirely if we are to understand men in their world-we may say that the revolution now going through the painful struggle of birth is one of the five great disturbances which have shaken the face of the earth. To get some sense of the import of this claim, it will be worth while to summarize briefly, if abstractly, these five events. Some half-million to a million years ago our early subhuman ancestors found themselves walking erect and using their former forepaws as manipulative organs. With the transformation of the first finger into an opposable thumb the organic foundation was laid for the continual use and improvement of tools. Tools were used, and then they were used to make tools. Slowly but surely an accelerative process got under way; a process almost mysteriously self-propelling, as it were, in'the cultural and material environment of men. When simple tools are used, the intended consequences become readily identifiable. Eventually they become organized in more complex groups as aims. The experience of a tool can then stand as the experience of something not present, something hoped for in the future, something deliberately to move towards-though absent-or a thing to be accomplished. In short, a tool is the simplest kind of manipulative sign or symbol. When tools are used co-operatively by more than one creature, there is that marvelous experience of a common aim.
Anti-biofilm efficacy of nitric oxide-releasing silica nanoparticles.

The ability of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing silica nanoparticles to kill biofilm-based microbial cells is reported. Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans were formed in vitro and exposed to NO-releasing silica nanoparticles. Replicative viability experiments revealed that ≥99% of cells from each type of biofilm were killed via NO release, with the greatest efficacy (≥99.999% killing) against gram-negative P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilms. Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated that the highest dose of NO-releasing silica nanoparticles inhibited fibroblast proliferation to a lesser extent than clinical concentrations of currently administered antiseptics (e.g., chlorhexidine) with proven wound-healing benefits. This study demonstrates the promise of employing nanoparticles for delivering an antimicrobial agent to microbial biofilms.
Validation of body condition scores with ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat of dairy cows

This research validated body condition scores with ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat. Fifty Holstein cows were evaluated during three sessions in 1993. Cows scored during each session were divided into three groups of 15 or 20 cows. Body condition scores were assigned by one trained individual, utilizing a five-point (1 = thin to 5 = fat) visual scoring technique. Cows were scored to the nearest quarter point. Ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat were obtained by another individual at the lumbar, thurl, and tailhead areas of both sides of the cow. Body condition scores and ultrasound measurements were collected on the same day, but obtained independently. Correlations between ultrasound measurements ranged from .36 to .86. Regression models were developed to validate the body condition scoring technique across the three cow groups. Group number and different combinations of ultrasound measurements were independent variables, and body condition score was the dependent variable. Ultrasound measurements were significantly associated with body condition scores. The coefficients of determination for the models ranged from .36 to .65, depending on which ultrasound measurements were included in the model. These results suggest that the body condition scoring technique used in this study was as valid as ultrasound techniques for measurement of subcutaneous fat.
Children's responses to stories with male and female characters

The sex of the main character was varied in six children's stories which were then read by fourth, sixth and eighth graders. The children answered four questions about the stories. Both boys and girls responded more positively to the questions “Would you like to be (character's name?)” and “Would you like to do the things (character's name) did?” when the main character was a male. Boys preferred stories about males, and this preference increased with grade level. A preference for stories about females was marginally significant only for the older girls. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Time-Resolved Imaging through Scattering Media (TRISM)

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) relies on time-resolving overlapping point-spread functions (PSFs) to increase image resolution. Here, we extend these time-resolving principles from diffraction-limited PSFs to those dominated by scattering.
The Times of Their Lives: Life, Love, and Death in Plymouth Colony

Partakers of our plenty - the pilgrim myth I will harry them out of the land - the early years 1606-1627 there be witches to many - glimpses of the social world in an uncivil manner - sex-related crimes, punishment and death a few things needful - houses and furnishings still standing in the ground - the archaeology of early Plymouth the time of their lives - Plymouth plantation.
A Switching Mechanism in Doxorubicin Bioactivation Can Be Exploited to Control Doxorubicin Toxicity

Although doxorubicin toxicity in cancer cells is multifactorial, the enzymatic bioactivation of the drug can significantly contribute to its cytotoxicity. Previous research has identified most of the components that comprise the doxorubicin bioactivation network; however, adaptation of the network to changes in doxorubicin treatment or to patient-specific changes in network components is much less understood. To investigate the properties of the coupled reduction/oxidation reactions of the doxorubicin bioactivation network, we analyzed metabolic differences between two patient-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines exhibiting varied doxorubicin sensitivities. We developed computational models that accurately predicted doxorubicin bioactivation in both ALL cell lines at high and low doxorubicin concentrations. Oxygen-dependent redox cycling promoted superoxide accumulation while NADPH-dependent reductive conversion promoted semiquinone doxorubicin. This fundamental switch in control is observed between doxorubicin sensitive and insensitive ALL cells and between high and low doxorubicin concentrations. We demonstrate that pharmacological intervention strategies can be employed to either enhance or impede doxorubicin cytotoxicity in ALL cells due to the switching that occurs between oxygen-dependent superoxide generation and NADPH-dependent doxorubicin semiquinone formation.
Optical measurements of a prototype adaptive-optic secondary mirror

A prototype adaptive-optic secondary mirror consisting of a centrally located single fixed voice coil actuator and surrounded by 20 fixed point supports has been characterized optically. A phase-shifting interferometer was used to determine the static influence function and calibrate the capacitive sensor of the prototype secondary. A distance measuring interferometer sampling a single point on the secondary surface at 32 kHz was used to obtain time series data of the dynamic response of the optic. The system impulse response and transfer function were measured directly and the mechanical modes of the structure identified. Measurement philosophy, hardware, and test results are discussed.
A case of extravascular hemolysis with Tk-activation

Key Clinical Message A 50-year-old female with ovarian cancer for 4 years presented with abdominal pain. She started antibiotics for possible infection, and developed extravascular hemolysis. All antigen detection tests were negative, but lectin panel suggested Tk-activation. Additional laboratory testing in conjunction with blood bank is essential to investigate rare cause of hemolysis.
Introduction to the Special Issue on faulting and fault-related processes on planetary surfaces

Abstract Faults have been documented on nearly every solid surface in the solar system, from asteroids to moons to planets, and they provide a remarkable suite of data sets and critical problems for investigation and analysis by structural geologists. The lack of significant atmospheres on Mercury, the Moon, and most outer planet satellites, along with slow erosion rates and a lack of crustal recycling and Earth-like plate tectonics on most planetary bodies, allows for excellent preservation of fault scarp morphologies for study of fault populations and developmental sequences.
Epigenetic Abnormalities in Cancer Find a “Home on the Range”

Recent studies have highlighted large genomic regions prone to undergo epigenetic changes in cancers. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Bert and colleagues describe novel genomic domains with aberrant epigenetic changes involving concordant activation of neighboring genes. These domains involve aberrant CpG-island hypermethylation similar to that observed in gene silencing.
Invertebrate solutions for sensing gravity.

We share a physical world with invertebrates, and as such we share the need to detect the effects of air and water currents, temperature, and gravity. Challenged by size and exhibiting tremendous evolutionary diversity, invertebrates exhibit some clever sensory solutions not available to us mammals. However, lessons learned from studies on invertebrate body senses also highlight convergent mechanisms for solving physical problems common to various taxa. Comparative research therefore holds value not just for more fully clarifying the diversity of solutions, but also for understanding how and why we humans arrived at our particular ones.
Bit commitment using pseudorandomness

We show how a pseudorandom generator can provide a bit-commitment protocol. We also analyze the number of bits communicated when parties commit to many bits simultaneously, and show that the assumption of the existence of pseudorandom generators suffices to assure amortized O(1) bits of communication per bit commitment.
In search of the highest quality: levels of evidence in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

and infrastructure required toconduct anRCT. 11 In oral and maxillofacial surgical journals, 1.3 to 3% of articles over a 3- and a 10-year period were RCTs. 5,10 This is comparable to similar journals in plastic surgery and otolaryngology. RCTs require randomization of treatment, blinding of subjects and providers, appropriate sample size based on power calculations, data on subjects excluded or lost to follow-up, and a detailed description of these components, all of which are intended toprovide unbiased data and results.However, there is variability in the quality of RCTs that can result from deficiencies in any of these features. In addition, in oral and maxillofacial surgical research, enrolling enough patients for adequate power may be difficult in 1 center or department. To improve the quantity and quality of RCTs in oral and maxillofacial surgical research, RCTs to compare therapies may be conducted by multicenter research teams or practice-based research networks. These 2 research strategies are encouraged by the American
Percutaneous catheterization of the kidney and perinephric space: Trocar technique

Percutaneous nephrostomy can be accomplished by using a trocar-cannula assembly without resorting to serial dilations of the tube tract or utilizing stiff catheters. After puncture the trocar is removed and a catheter inserted through the cannula; then the cannula is removed. A large number of these procedures have been performed and have been found to be simple and quite safe. The method is able to provide nephrostomy drainage in virtually any case of ureteral obstruction or leak, and can be used to drain perinephric fluid collections as well. Antegrade pyelography precedes trocar puncture; puncture is most easily guided by fluoroscopy. The technique is described in detail; indications, applications, complications, and contraindications are outlined.
Immolating Emperors: Spectacles of Imperial Suffering and the Making of a Jewish Minority Culture in Late Antiquity

This paper traces the historical development of the discourse of violent retribution in Jewish culture over the course of Late Antiquity. The paper argues that, although Jews had long engaged in anti-Roman rhetoric, Jewish anti-imperial sentiment intensified in the fifth to seventh centuries CE. This heightened level of antipathy toward the Roman state is perhaps best exemplified by a number of texts that present tableaux of graphic violence directed against the figure of the Roman emperor. The paper shows that these fantasies of revenge redeployed and inverted specific elements of Roman imperial ideology and practice, while at the same time internalizing the pervasive stereotype of Jews in sixth- and especially seventh-century Christian sources as violent troublemakers. The paper argues that, in attempting to assert some measure of control over the "symbolic weapons" of religious violence at play in their society, the Jewish creators of this vivid discourse of retributive justice colluded with their Christian counterparts in constructing the Jew as a member of an oppositional and even dangerous religious minority.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CYTOCHROME BC1 COMPLEX OF MITOCHONDRIA AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA

Progress has recently been made in the understanding of the function of the cytochrome bc1 complex and related proteins in the context of recent structural information. The structures support many features that were predicted from sequence analysis and biophysical studies, but contain some surprises. Most dramatically, it is apparent that the iron-sulfur protein can take up different positions in different crystals, suggesting a novel mechanism for electron transfer through domain movement. Evidence from studies of mutant strains, in which the function of the sites or the binding of inhibitors is perturbed, has provided clues about the mechanism.
Academic Achievement and Adolescent Drug Use: An Examination of Reciprocal Effects and Correlated Growth Trajectories.

BACKGROUND: The primary aim was to examine correlated growth trajectories and reciprocal effects between academic achievement and drug use over the course of junior high school. METHODS: One hundred and three male and 98 female students from 3 rural junior high schools were surveyed 4 times over the course of 3 years. Dual trajectory latent growth models were estimated. RESULTS: Growth trajectories of school achievement and drug use over the course of junior high were highly correlated. Students who demonstrated deteriorating achievement during the course of junior high school showed an increase in drug use during this same time frame. Cross-process regressions indicated that students who demonstrated superior academic achievement in sixth grade exhibited a shallower rate of increase in drug use (ie, their drug use escalated to a lesser extent). CONCLUSIONS: The processes of academic disengagement (as marked by deteriorating grades) and drug use during adolescence appear to be related to one another. Prevention initiatives aimed at keeping adolescents academically engaged in school may have protective benefits against escalation of drug use.
Dextrans and glycogens as particulate tracers for studying capillary permeability.

Commercially available glycogens and dextrans can be used as biological particulate tracers in work on capillary permeability. These polysaccharides are well tolerated in intravenous injection and induce no vascular leakage when applied topically (cremaster test) in mice and in Wistar-Furth rats. The particles stain adequately with lead after aldehyde-OsO4 fixation in phosphate buffer and provide a relatively wide set of probes (∼45 A-300 A) for work on the large and small pore systems.
The reality of linguistic rules

This volume presents a selection of the best papers from the 21st Annual University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Linguistics Symposium. Researchers from linguistics, psychology, computer science, and philosophy, using many different methods and focusing on many different facts of language, addressed the question of the existence of linguistic rules. Are such rules best seen as convenient tools for the description of languages, or are rules actually invoked by individual language users? Perhaps the most serious challenge to date to the linguistic rule is the development of connectionist architecture. Indeed, these systems must be viewed as a serious challenge to the foundations of all of contemporary linguistics. Four broad themes emerged from the Milwaukee conference, corresponding to the four parts of the volume. Part I centers on arguments for the existence of symbolic rules in linguistic competence and performance. Part II contains arguments against symbolic rules, presenting connectionist models and other alternatives to the symbolic paradigm. Parts III and IV take up two issues that are central to a number of language researchers: Language acquisition and learnability, and modularity. These issues are addressed from within both rule-based and non-rule-based perspectives. Contributors : Farrell Ackerman, Michael Barlow, Catherine Best, David Corina, Roberta Corrigan, Kim Daugherty, Bruce Derwing, Jeff Elman, Alice Faber, John Goldsmith, Helen Goodluck, Neil Jacobs, Richard Janda, Brian Joseph, Michael Kac, Alan Kawamoto, Suzanne Kemmer, Susan Lima, Brian MacWhinney, Steven Pinker, Alan Prince, Gerald Sanders, Hinrich Schutze, Mark Seidenberg, Royal Skousen, Nicholas Sobin, Joseph Stemberger, Gregory Stone, Ann Thyme, Robert Van Valin.
Once Bitten, Thrice Wise: The Varying Effects of Victimization on Routine Activities and Risk Management

While the relationship between offending and victimization is well established, less is understood about what contributes to the varied effects of victimization on future behavior. Drawing on qualitative interviews from a sample of at-risk men, the study explores recognized and unrecognized effects of victimization on subsequent behavior and management of lifestyle risks both within and across narratives. Findings demonstrate a range of perceived effects on behavior and risk management, with the presence or absence of substantive effects related to whether the event was both severe and directly attributable to involvement in at-risk behavior. Consequences for the victimization–termination hypothesis are discussed.
Determination of the on-target polarization of an optically-pumped polarized lithium ion beam☆

Abstract An optically-pumped polarized lithium ion source has been built and is currently producing highly polarized 6 Li − beams with on-target 6 Li 3+ currents up to 150 nA. An absolute measurement of the on-target tensor polarization was made during a one week calibration run, which yielded t 20 = −0.938±0.013, averaged over the entire run. The on-target vector polarization is typically t 10 = 1.02±0.06. The nuclear polarization of the atomic beam at the source has been measured by laser-induced fluorescence to be typically t 10 = 1.14±0.06 and t 20 = −1.14±0.06. A 4 He gas polarimeter has been calibrated as a secondary standard for monitoring both vector and tensor polarizations.
Modelling stochastic order in the analysis of receiver operating characteristic data : Bayesian non-parametric approaches

Summary. The evaluation of the performance of a continuous diagnostic measure is a commonly encountered task in medical research. We develop Bayesian non-parametric models that use Dirichlet process mixtures and mixtures of Polya trees for the analysis of continuous serologic data. The modelling approach differs from traditional approaches to the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve data in that it incorporates a stochastic ordering constraint for the distributions of serologic values for the infected and non-infected populations. Biologically such a constraint is virtually always feasible because serologic values from infected individuals tend to be higher than those for non-infected individuals. The models proposed provide data-driven inferences for the infected and non-infected population distributions, and for the receiver operating characteristic curve and corresponding area under the curve. We illustrate and compare the predictive performance of the Dirichlet process mixture and mixture of Polya trees approaches by using serologic data for Johne's disease in dairy cattle.
Microimaging and off-line microscopy of fine particles and inclusions

Abstract Characterization of large numbers of fine particles or inclusions is of increasing importance to assist in (1) evaluating metal or ceramic powders as candidates for compaction or use in composite materials, (2) monitoring environmental effects of particles produced in manufacturing processes and (3) identifying trace contaminants in engineering materials. These properties are best studied by either optical or electron microscopy, but a need to describe them in statistically significant terms places a burden on manual microscopy techniques. A technique called computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) was developed in the late 1970s to overcome operator bias and to characterize large numbers of individual features by size, shape factor and elemental composition in a short period of time. An advancement of CCSEM technology, microimaging, is a technique used to collect images in an automated manner during a CCSEM analysis. This paper discusses recent advances in CCSEM and personal computer technology which make possible the collection and storage of images during CCSEM analysis.
ac Stark effects and harmonic generation in periodic potentials.

The ac Stark effect can shift initially nonresonant minibands in semiconductor superlattices into multiphoton resonances. This effect can result in strongly enhanced generation of a particular desired harmonic of the driving laser frequency, at isolated values of the amplitude.
The Latest Advances in Hormonal Contraception

Millions of women each year start or continue to use some type of hormonal contraceptive method. Choosing a method may be anxiety provoking. In this article, we review some of the latest advances in and options for hormonal contraception, including extended-dose oral contraceptives, the vaginal ring, injectable methods, and emergency contraception. Nurses can facilitate women’s decision making for healthy reproductive options.
Thermodynamically constrained averaging theory approach for modeling flow and transport phenomena in porous medium systems: 1. Motivation and overview

We give several examples of weaknesses in classical, empirically derived models of transport phenomena in porous medium systems. We also place recent attempts to develop improved multiscale porous medium models using averaging theory in context and note deficiencies in these approaches. These deficiencies are found to arise in part from the manner in which thermodynamics is introduced into a constrained entropy inequality, which is used to guide the formation of closed models. Because of this, we briefly examine several established thermodynamic approaches and outline a framework to develop macroscale models that retain consistency with microscale physics and thermodynamics. This framework will be detailed and applied in future papers in this series.
Determination of pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers by electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry

A straightforward approach for determining the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, thymine-thymine, uracil-thymine, and uracil-uracil, based upon electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry is described. These compounds are detected as the sodiated molecules, [M + Na]+, the response for which is maximized by adding low concentrations of sodium salts to the electrospray solutions. Under these conditions subnanogram levels of the dimers are determined by flow injection analysis. Structural information is obtained by collision-induced dissociation of the lithium adducts, [M + Li]+, which are formed by adding lithium salts to the solvents.
Representative elementary volume estimation for porosity, moisture saturation, and air-water interfacial areas in unsaturated porous media: Data quality implications

[1] Achieving a representative elementary volume (REV) has become a de facto criterion for demonstrating the quality of CT measurements in porous media systems. However, the data quality implications of an REV requirement have not been previously examined. In this work, deterministic REVs for porosity, moisture saturation (SW), and air-water interfacial area (AI) were estimated using a set of 49 CT images of eight unsaturated homogeneous porous media with heterogeneity in moisture distributions present in varying degrees. Estimated porosity REVs were <8 mm3 for all cases, smaller than typical CT image sizes (∼100 mm3). Estimated SW and AI REVs were <55 mm3 for cases with homogeneous moisture distributions but could not be estimated for cases with heterogeneous moisture distributions, due to the absence of a distinct “REV plateau” within the maximum imaged volume. Conventionally, SW and AI data from such non-REV cases would be excluded. The implications of excluding data on the basis of REV were examined by comparing AI-SW data measured on image windows of increasing size against the expected linear AI-SW relationship. At measurement scales exceeding porosity REV, random fluctuations in AI-SW data were excluded, even for cases containing heterogeneous moisture distributions. In contrast, requiring measurement scales to exceed SW and AI REV appeared overly restrictive and resulted in visible loss of reliable AI-SW data. We attribute these findings to overestimation of REVs due to inherently problematic estimation of deterministic REVs in real systems. Implications of these findings for ensuring CT data quality and the efficient use of CT data are discussed.
Motor control of lumbar instability following exposure to various cyclic load magnitudes.

The motor control system may compensate for lumbar instability following cyclic work with differential response to load magnitude. In vivo felines were exposed to a cumulative 1 h of cyclic work at 0.25 Hz. One group exposed to light whereas the second to heavy load while recording lumbar displacement and multifidus EMG during work and in single test cycles over 7 h rest post-work. Significant laxity and reduced reflexive EMG activity were evident immediately post-work in both groups. EMG and laxity recovered over 7 h rest in the group exposed to light load whereas in the group exposed to heavy load, motor control compensation was triggered within 1–2 h post-work. The compensation was expressed by earlier and stronger muscular activation than in baseline. It is concluded that cyclic work is deleterious to spine stability immediately after work. Work with heavy loads elicits delayed motor control compensation whereas work with light loads leaves the spine unstable and exposed to injury for several hours. Overall, prolonged cyclic or repetitive work elicits a transient instability disorder, regardless of the load handled, exposing the individual to potential injury.
Geophysical observations on an exposed seamount in the Afar Depression

Topographic, magnetic and gravity surveys have been made over an extinct volcano in the Afar Depression. Previous work showed that this volcano was formed under water. Gravity measurements over the volcano indicate that a positive mass contrast of 1 gm. cm−3 is required below the volcano, which could be explained by the density contrast between a basalt plug and surrounding sediments. There is no observable magnetic anomaly over the volcano. The hyaloclastites of which the volcano is mainly composed have magnetization which is small in intensity but consistent in direction with the Earth’s magnetic field. Basalt cobbles which are present in small quantities have a fairly high intensity of magnetization but directions which bear no relationship to the direction of the Earth’s field. The absence of a magnetic anomaly suggests that the basalt plug below the volcano must have been sufficiently brecciated so that random rotations of portions of the plug have occurred, thus reducing the mean magnetization, and explaining the absence of a magnetic anomaly.
Effects of a Reinforcement Style of Counseling on Information-Seeking Behavior.

Abstract This article describes an experiment designed to determine if a selected reinforcement style of individual counseling could influence adolescents to engage in a greater variety of information-seeking behavior than subjects not receiving such counseling. Although reinforcement counseling did not produce the desired results, the findings indicated that the effectiveness of this technique varied with different levels of motivation for educational and vocational planning.
In(OH)BDC·0.75BDCH2 (BDC = Benzenedicarboxylate), a Hybrid Inorganic−Organic Vernier Structure

The compound In(OH)BDC·0.75BDCH2 (BDC = benzenedicarboxylate), 1, has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure comprises two distinct sublattices formed by a covalently linked In(OH)BDC lattice and ordered chains of hydrogen-bonded H2BDC molecules and can be described as a hybrid inorganic coordination polymer−organic vernier structure. Each InO6 octahedron of the octahedral chain has a length of 3.6 A along the chain axis, whereas each H2BDC molecule has a length of 9.6 A along the guest column axis. Therefore, a unit of eight InO6 octahedra of the octahedral chain is just in registry with three H2BDC molecules of the guest column giving a repeat unit of 28.76 A along the channel axis direction.
Effect of cause and time of dropout on the residual GFR: a comparative analysis of the decline of GFR on dialysis.

low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are purposefully switched to HD. If true, transferring CAPD patients with low GFR to HD could create a selection bias that very well may account for the differences in GFR between PD and HD. This is particu- A natural progression of the disease process in patients larly problematic if one then censors patients at the time of with chronic renal failure often leads to an inexorable transfer from PD to HD from analysis (that is, patients are no decline in residual renal function (RRF), eventually leadlonger followed in the study once they have switched treatment modalities). When this occurs, the data are said to be informa- ing to either dialysis or transplantation. A residual renal tively censored, a term used by statisticians to describe any creatinine clearance (CCr) of 1 mL/min translates into a kind of systematic bias associated with censored or incomplete weekly CCr of 10 L. It is obvious that the contribution data. In particular, informative censoring occurs when patients of RRF to overall small solute and water clearance is who die or transfer to another modality very early have an important during the initial years of dialysis, both in associated lower starting GFR or higher rate of decline of GFR achieving adequacy targets and maintaining appropriate than patients who either complete the study or who die or transfer much later. If patient dropout is indeed related to the rate fluid balance. Regardless of the mode of dialysis, that of decline in GFR and if this relationship differs between PD is, hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD), there and HD but is ignored in the analysis, then the results of such is usually an exponential decline in RRF with time. analysis may be biased. There have been many reports dealing with the preserMethods. This article analyzes the decline in GFR among
Applications of nonlinear magnetics

Quite deservedly, magnetic amplifiers have been given very wide publicity.1?10 While much attention has been focused on the saturable reactor as a vital part, if not the only part, of a magnetic amplifier, the usefulness of the saturable reactor for other functions than amplification is not as widely appreciated.
Effect of surface oxide on transport properties in a-Si:H☆

Abstract The effect of a surface oxide on the surface potential of undoped and doped a-Si:H was studied by measuring the coplanar conductance and the surface photovoltage using a vibrating Kelvin probe. The oxide formed in ambient is negatively charged causing an upward band bending of about 0.2 eV. Prolonged light exposure not only produces the Staebler-Wronski effect in the bulk but also increases the negative charge of the oxide. This causes in p-type films an enhancement of the coplanar conductance by one or two orders of magnitude.
Increased platelet membrane fluidity as a diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease: A test in population‐based cases and controls

To test whether increased platelet membrane fluidity as measured by decreased steady state fluorescence anisotropy (r s ) of diphenylhexatriene is a biologic/diagnostic marker for Alzheimer9s disease (AD), we enrolled 95 clinically diagnosed, probable AD cases from our Alzheimer9s Disease Patient Registry and 133 control subjects of similar age and sex randomly selected from the same population base as the cases. We measured r s in platelet membranes following published assay procedures. Laboratory personnel and investigators were blind to the identity of the samples; cases and controls were assayed in random order. Our analyses showed that the distributions of r s values were unimodal and similar for cases and controls. The overall mean differences (control mean-case mean) for the two established assay methods tested were 0.0011 and 0.0003. A nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test also showed no difference between cases and controls. Multivariate analysis adjusted for the significant effects of the processing date and analysis platelet recovery led to a final model with the adjusted mean difference of 0.0007 for the principal method. Increased platelet membrane fluidity is not an antemortem diagnostic or biologic marker for AD in our population.
A Paradox of Sovereignty in Rousseau's Social Contract

One unique part of Rousseau's Social Contract is his argument that a just society must have a specific constitutional arrangement of powers centred around what he calls the Sovereign and the Prince. This makes his philosophy different from other contractualists, such as Hobbes and Locke, who think that the principles of good government are compatible with any number of institutional structures. Rousseau's constitutional theory is thus significant in a way that has no parallel in Hobbes or Locke. More to the point, any problems that exist in his constitutional theory will have consequences for his political thought as a whole. This article argues that there is a contradiction at the center of Rousseau's theory of institutions that threatens the cogency of the Social Contract.
Bound on range precision for shot-noise limited ladar systems

The precision of ladar range measurements is limited by noise. The fundamental source of noise in a laser signal is the random time between photon arrivals. This phenomenon, called shot noise, is modeled as a Poisson random process. Other noise sources in the system are also modeled as Poisson processes. Under the Poisson-noise assumption, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on range measurements is derived. This bound on the variance of any unbiased range estimate is greater than the CRLB derived by assuming Gaussian noise of equal variance. Finally, it is shown that, for a ladar capable of dividing a fixed amount of energy into multiple laser pulses, the range precision is maximized when all energy is transmitted in a single pulse.
Strain Measurements in a Thermally-Cycled Flip-Chip PBGA Solderball

The mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion of silicon chips and their organic substrates has been mitigated through the practice of using underfill in flip-chip packages. Yet solder fatigue and package failures still occur. This is particularly true for flip-chips on organic substrates that are thermally cycled between low (-55 °C) and high temperatures (125 °C). In this study, I used electron-beam moire to measure displacements and calculate strains in a solderball contained in a flip-chip plastic-ball grid array package. A crossed-line grating with a pitch of 450 nm was used to allow detailed measurements of the local displacements from a cross section of a flip-chip package. Elastic displacements were observed and measured, and the v-field displacements, out of the plane of the chip, were more significant than the shear or u-field, in the plane of the chip, displacements. Larger v-field displacements were measured near the center of the silicon chip than at the edge of the chip.
Why Intel is designing multi-core processors

Intel has announced that most of its future processors will contain more than one execution core. This talk will explain the rationale for this decision and discuss why multi-core processors deliver energy-efficient performance.
A simple oxygen electrode chamber and method for measurement of photosynthetic O2 evolution

Abstract Details of construction and use of a Lucite chamber for measurement of photosynthetic O 2 evolution in Chlorella are presented here. The electrode is commercially available and has proved to be trouble-free. Provision is made for cooling the unit and for addition of reagents during operation. Illumination is provided by an unusually cool 300 W lamp that is also commercially available. The data presented show the operation to be simple as well as reliable with a precision of close to 1%. Measurement of photosynthetic O 2 evolution and dark respiration can be completed in less than 10 min.
Congress, higher education, and the U.S. federal depository program☆

Abstract It is commonly held that the purpose of the U.S. federal depository library program is to provide government publications at no cost for the informational needs of the general public. In view of this, it seems unusual that academic institutions dominate the program. This apparent anomaly can be understood when one realizes that the depository law was amended to allow expansion of the program in 1962 at a time of increased support for higher education. An examination of Congressional publications of the last two decades reveals that Congress clearly allowed expansion of the depository program because it was willing to assist higher education.
The systolic I-J acceleration-force values of 51 normal male subjects from an ultralow-frequency pendulum ballistocardiographic system

Abstract 1. 1. The acceleration-force values of 51 normal male subjects from an ultralow-frequency pendulum system have been given. 2. 2. These values are greater than previously reported values, but are smaller than similar values from a differential pendulum. 3. 3. These smaller values in relation to similar values from a differential pendulum are considered to be due to a greater inertial impedance to acceleration as a result of the heavier platform used in the present study.
Hyperovals in Desarguesian planes: an update

Abstract Recent progress in the study of hyperovals in Desarguesian planes of even order has been rapid and the need for an updated survey is clear. We will present the most recent findings and provide some open problems and directions for future research.
New species, a new combination and synonyms in Compositae from NE Africa

Two species of Compositae from Ethiopia are described as new, viz. Senecio leptopterus and Vernonia friisii. Comparisons were also made with morphologically similar species found in other parts of Africa. The new combination Sphaeranthus ramosus is made and a detailed description of the species is provided. Arctotis pygmaea and Anthemis semiensis are placed as synonyms of Haplocarpha rueppellii and Anthemis tigrensis, respectively.
Surgical management of cerebellar tonsillar herniation in three patients with macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. Report of three cases.

✓The authors report on three patients with a congenital brain overgrowth syndrome, macrocephaly–cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (M-CMTC), who experienced neurological sequelae associated with herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. In two of these patients, the authors document postnatal brain overgrowth that contributed to recurrent descent of the cerebellar tonsils and complicated the surgical treatment in one of the patients. The authors address the neurosurgical concerns related to this syndrome with special attention to acquired tonsillar ectopia and postulate that some patients may be at risk for progressive tonsillar herniation and consequent neurological symptoms due to cerebellar overgrowth. Ectopic cerebellar tonsils have been reported previously in cases of M-CMTC, and this phenomenon may be a secondary event associated with brain overgrowth rather than due to a congenitally small posterior fossa.
Corollary discharge contributes to perceived eye location in monkeys.

Despite saccades changing the image on the retina several times per second, we still perceive a stable visual world. A possible mechanism underlying this stability is that an internal retinotopic m...
Physical Behavior of Pneumolysin

Pneumolysin behaved as an acidic protein having an isoelectric pH of 4.9, a molecular weight of approximately 63,000, and a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 4.3.
Synthetic hosts via molecular imprinting—are universal synthetic antibodies realistically possible?

Of the many ways to make synthetic hosts, one of the most appealing involves molecular imprinting. In the commonest approach monomer units assemble around or are attached to a template (imprint) molecule and then linked together using a cross-linking agent. Template removal ideally leaves cavities within the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that possess a shape and functional group complementarity to the imprint molecule allowing its tight and selective uptake. This review highlights some recent advances in the synthesis of MIPs (often called "synthetic antibodies") and enumerates a "wish list" of properties for the perfect MIP that may guide future studies.
The brainstem control of saccadic eye movements

The modern era of oculomotor research began with the advent of the chronic single-unit recording method in the late 1960s. Research carried out in the intervening years has made it possible to provide a detailed description of the saccadic command signals that are generated by motor neurons and the formation of these signals in premotor brainstem regions. These findings have been assimilated in control-systems models that simulate important behavioural features of saccades. Despite these great advances, key issues, such as the nature of the feedback signal and the location of the comparator, are unresolved and some of the factors that have impeded progress can be identified.