cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of dynamic variations in the optical properties of graphene oxide in response to gas exposure based on thin-film interference

We present an effective yet simple approach to study the dynamic variations in optical properties (such as the refractive index (RI)) of graphene oxide (GO) when exposed to gases in the visible spectral region, using the thin-film interference method. The dynamic variations in the complex refractive index of GO in response to exposure to a gas is an important factor affecting the performance of GO-based gas sensors. In contrast to the conventional ellipsometry, this method alleviates the need of selecting a dispersion model from among a list of model choices, which is limiting if an applicable model is not known a priori. In addition, the method used is computationally simpler, and does not need to employ any functional approximations. Further advantage over ellipsometry is that no bulky optics is required, and as a result it can be easily integrated into the sensing system, thereby allowing the reliable, simple, and dynamic evaluation of the optical performance of any GO-based gas sensor. In addition, the derived values of the dynamically changing RI values of the GO layer obtained from the method we have employed are corroborated by comparing with the values obtained from ellipsometry.
The Last Animal at the End of the World

This essay reads Jacques Derrida’s The Animal That Therefore I Am with William Blake’s painting The Ghost of a Flea in order to consider how figures of apocalypse and animality map onto what Derrid...
Metabolism of BCAAs

The three branched chain amino acids are unique in that the first catabolic step does not occur in the liver. Leucine, isoleucine, and valine share the first two catabolic enzymes—branched chain aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD). Both BCAT isoforms use Vitamin B-6 cofactors as temporary acceptors of the α-amino group during the process of aminating α-ketoglutarate, which becomes glutamate. The deaminated BCAAs are known as BCKAs, and can be reaminated into their BCAA form. The next step in BCAA catabolism, the decarboxylation of the BCKAs, is irreversible. In some tissues, the mitochondrial isoform of BCAT (BCATm), appears to form a metabolon with BCKD, which is a physical relationship between the BCATm enzyme and the BCKD enzyme complex. This facilitates the transfer of substrates and increases the efficiency of the reactions. After decarboxylation of the BCKA, the catabolic pathways for the three BCAA precursors diverge, utilizing different enzymes and processes. Disruptions in BCAA metabolism, primarily occurring in the first two steps, can cause a number of severe metabolic disorders. Additionally, changes in both BCAAs and BCAA enzymes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of TBI.
SAFETY AND THE PROBABILITY OF STRUCTURAL FAILURE

APPLIED LOADS ARE EXAMINED AS ARE THE PROBABILITIES OF UNSERVICEABILITY AND FAILURE. IT IS SHOWN THAT THESE TWO ITEMS ARE EQUALLY AS IMPORTANT AS THE STRESS ANALYSIS. THE INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS WHICH PRODUCES A RATIONAL VALUE FOR THE SAFETY OF THE STRUCTURE RELATED TO ACCEPTABLE PROBABILITIES OF FAILURE ARE THE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS OF THE INTENSITY OF AN APPLIED STANDARD LOAD AND OF THE STANDARD-LOAD INTENSITY PRODUCING, RESPECTIVELY, STRUCTURAL FAILURE AND UNSERVICEABILITY BOTH PRESENTED IN A FORM WHICH JUSTIFIES EXTRAPOLATION TOWARD HIGH VALUES OF THE APPLIED LOAD AND LOW VALUES OF THE FAILURE AND UNSERVICEABILITY LOADS. BECAUSE STRUCTURAL FAILURE IS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH OR PRECEEDED BY SUBSTANTIAL INELASTIC DEFORMATION, INELASTIC ANALYSIS OF THE CARRYING CAPACITY SHOULD REPLACE THE ELASTIC-STRESS ANALYSIS IN THE COMPUTATION OF THE PROBABILITY OF FAILURE, WHEREAS ELASTIC-STRESS ANALYSIS IS IN MOST CASES SUFFICIENT TO DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY OF UNSERVICEABILITY. EXISTING DATA SUGGEST THAT EITHER THE LOGARITHMIC-NORMAL OR THE EXTREME- VALUE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS REPRESENT ACTUAL LOAD AND STRENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS FAIRLY WELL SO THAT THEY CAN BE USED IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE PROBABILITY OF FAILURE AND OF THE SAFETY OF STRUCTURES. PROCEDURES ARE OUTLINED FOR THE NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF FACTORS OF SAFETY WHICH ARE BASED ON THE EXPECTED VARIATION OF LOADINGS AND OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS, TOGETHER WITH THE ECONOMIC ASPECTS INVOLVED.
Quality-Driven Change and Its Effects on Financial Performance

Instituting continuous improvement within organization has been recognized as a pervasive part of business thinking, and has ever been recently recognized as a type of intangible resource by researchers. In this paper, a model that maps the quality tran..
Skill acquisition without representation

ABSTRACTA paper in two parts, the first is a critique of the commonly held view among both cognitivist and non-cognitivist sport philosophers that conscious mental representation of knowledge that is a necessary condition for skill acquisition. The second is a defense of a necessary causal condition for skill acquisition, a necessary causal condition that is mimetic, physically embodied, and socially embedded. To make my case I rely throughout on a common thought experiment in and beyond the philosophy of sport literature, the seminal work of Kuhn and Quine counter the representational theory of knowledge, and recent argument in the philosophy of sport related to neurophysiology, cognition, and intentionality. Ultimately I conclude that the failure of a necessary representational condition and its replacement by a necessary casual condition in skill acquisition jeopardizes much of what has been said in the philosophy of sport about not just skill acquisition but the more popular topic of high-level skill....
21st Century Slowdown: The Historic Nature of Recent Declines in the Growth of the Immigrant Population in the United States

We document that the slowdown in the growth of the immigrant population in the United States since 2000 is the largest observed using Census data since 1870. Non-parametric tests reveal that the sharp decline is similar in magnitude to changes in migration growth rates that followed the two major historical regime changes in U.S. immigration policy. Migration rates are slowing across nearly all age, sex, educational and country of origin categories that we examine. We find that the stock of adult migrants under age 30 is smaller in 2015 than in 2000, a potential precursor to a declining overall stock, as was seen around the introduction of the national quotas regime in 1920. Heterogenous changes have led to slower declines for men than women, and an increase in the relative scarcity of low-skilled labor. Approximately half of the overall decline is due to falling Mexican immigration.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A review

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is the treatment of choice for medically inoperable patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A literature search primarily based on PubMed electronic databases was completed in July 2018. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined prior to the search, and only prospective clinical trials were included. Nineteen trials from 2005 to 2018 met the inclusion criteria, reporting the outcomes of 1434 patients with central and peripheral early stage NSCLC. Patient eligibility, prescription dose and delivery, and follow up duration varied widely. Three-years overall survival ranged from 43% to 95% with loco-regional control of up to 98% at 3 years. Up to 33% of patients failed distantly after SBRT at 3 years. SBRT was generally well tolerated with 10%-30% grade 3-4 toxicities and a few treatment-related deaths. No differences in outcomes were observed between conventionally fractionated radiation therapy and SBRT, central and peripheral lung tumors, or inoperable and operable patients. SBRT remains a reasonable treatment option for medically inoperable and select operable patients with early stage NSCLC. SBRT has shown excellent local and regional control with toxicity rates equivalent to surgery. Decreasing fractionation schedules have been consistently shown to be both safe and effective. Distant failure is common, and chemotherapy may be considered for select patients. However, the survival benefit of additional interventions, such as chemotherapy, for early stage NSCLC treated with SBRT remains unclear.
Are the Deadliest Mass Shootings Preventable? An Assessment of Leakage, Information Reported to Law Enforcement, and Firearms Acquisition Prior to Attacks in the United States:

This study examined the 15 deadliest public mass shootings in the United States from March 1998 to February 2018 to assess (a) leakage of violent thoughts/intent, (b) leakage of specific interest i...
Audit Data Analytics Research—An Application of Design Science Methodology

SYNOPSIS This introduction to Audit Data Analytics Research overviews the forum's five articles that showcase recent advances in audit data analytics technology and methodology. The articles are di...
SVM–CART for disease classification

Classification and regression trees (CART) and support vector machines (SVM) have become very popular statistical learning tools for analyzing complex data that often arise in biomedical research. While both CART and SVM serve as powerful classifiers in many clinical settings, there are some common scenarios in which each fails to meet the performance and interpretability needed for use as a clinical decision-making tool. In this paper, we propose a new classification method, SVM-CART, that combines features of SVM and CART to produce a more flexible classifier that has the potential to outperform either method in terms of interpretability and prediction accuracy. Further-more, to enhance prediction accuracy we provide extensions of a single SVM-CART to an ensemble, and methods to extract a representative classifier from the SVM-CART ensemble. The goal is to produce a decision-making tool that can be used in the clinical setting, while still harnessing the stability and predictive improvements gained through developing the SVM-CART ensemble. An extensive simulation study is conducted to asses the performance of the methods in various settings. Finally, we illustrate our methods using a clinical neuropathy dataset.
Embedded Control System for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment

The Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DWTS) consists of a variety of water treatment techniques for homes, businesses and industrial facilities independent of power grids or water transport systems. The system can treat both greywater and brackish groundwater - available even in some regions experiencing drought-and therefore can be deployed for single household use, as well as serve disadvantaged communities and remote regions lacking clean water infrastructure. DWTS can do this by being self-sustaining and mobile, making use of renewable energy sources, solar power in this case, and by being robust, efficient, fault tolerant, and easy to operate. To accomplish this, we propose an embedded control system for DWTS that makes use of embedded sensors and embedded microcontrollers for automation, with the design of the system split into three stages including data acquisition, fault tolerance, and efficiency analytics. The sensitivity analysis results show that the proposed digital control system can achieve high reliability, connectivity, and data acquisition quality using wireless connectivity and cloud services relative to the cost of the system.
Mortality following myocardial infarction among HIV-infected persons: the Center for AIDS Research Network Of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS)

Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have higher risks for myocardial infarction (MI) than the general population. This is driven in part by higher type 2 MI (T2MI, due to coronary supply-demand mismatch) rates among persons with HIV (PWH). In the general population, T2MI has higher mortality than type 1 MI (T1MI, spontaneous and generally due to plaque rupture and thrombosis). PWH have a greater burden of comorbidities and may therefore have an even greater excess risk for complication and death in the setting of T2MI. However, mortality patterns after T1MI and T2MI in HIV are unknown. We analyzed mortality after MI among PWH enrolled in the multicenter, US-based Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort (N = 28,186). Incident MIs occurring between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2014, were centrally adjudicated and classified as T1MI or T2MI. We first compared mortality following T1MI vs. T2MI among PWH. Cox survival analyses and Bayesian model averaging were then used to evaluate pre-MI covariates associated with mortality following T1MI and T2MI. Among the 596 out of 28,186 PWH who experienced MI (2.1%; 293 T1MI and 303 T2MI), mortality rates were significantly greater after T2MI (22.2/100 person-years; 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality 39%, 52%, and 62%) than T1MI (8.2/100 person-years; 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality 15%, 22%, and 30%). Significant mortality predictors after T1MI were higher HIV viral load, renal dysfunction, and older age. Significant predictors of mortality after T2MI were low body-mass index (BMI) and detectable HIV viral load. Mortality is high following MI for PWH and substantially greater after T2MI than T1MI. Predictors of death after MI differed by type of MI, reinforcing the different clinical scenarios associated with each MI type and the importance of considering MI types separately.
Review of Craft Weed: Family Farming and the Future of the Marijuana Industry: by Ryan Stoa. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Agricultural and Food Information on October 8, 2019, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10496505.2019.1673923.
The Impact of Data Collection Frequency and Trend Estimation Method on the Consistency of Growth Estimates from Two Computer-Adaptive Tests.

Within multitiered systems of support, assessment practices that limit the amount of time students miss instruction should be prioritized. At the same time, decisions about student response to inte...
Memory Organization and Structures for On-Chip Learning in Spiking Neural Networks

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a promising avenue for developing adaptive intelligence that can operate effectively, when subject to energy constraints. This is especially true for emerging gradient-based SNNs that are designed for continuous learning. However, hardware efficiency and complex SNN functionality are at odds with each other, leading to large design space, with many possible trade-offs. This paper discusses the co-optimization of SNNs and hardware architectures. We compare digital designs and emerging compute-in-memory architectures, in terms of operation. We discuss the effect of different layer-types on memory organization and outline how different memory organization schemes are impacted by the SNN layertype. Finally, we outline some open problems that must be solved to design the next-generation of intelligent hardware systems.
Opto-Thermoelectric Speckle Tweezers

We present opto-thermoelectric speckle tweezers based on random thermal speckle field for large-scale trapping of nanoparticles. By integrating it with microfluidic flow, we demonstrate its application as a size-based nanoparticle filtration device.
State-of-Charge Balancing of Lithium-Ion Batteries With State-of-Health Awareness Capability

A state-of-charge (SOC) balancing method which accounts for state-of-health (SOH) status of battery cells is presented in this article. The data collected from aging experiments conducted in the laboratory indicates that there is correlation between the minimum impedance of the battery and capacity fading which can be used to predict capacity capability of the battery. However, this relationship is complex and nonlinear. In this article, artificial neural network (ANN) is utilized to learn this relationship and an ANN-based capacity estimator is developed to predict available capacity of battery cells. An online impedance measurement method with improved measurement resolution is presented to obtain a more accurate minimum impedance for the ANN-based capacity estimator. The estimated capacity from the ANN capacity estimator is fed to an SOC balancing controller to calculate SOC values for the battery cells. A battery cell with worse health has lower available capacity than a battery cell with better health, and, therefore, its SOC value is adjusted to a smaller value when SOH or capacity estimation functionality is activated. Because of this mechanism and the control principle of the presented SOC balancing controller, the system draws energy at a slower rate from the battery cell(s) with lower SOH and draws energy at a faster rate from the battery cell(s) with higher SOH such that all battery cells reach their end of discharge at the same time. This results in extending operation time of the system, makes best use of energy from every battery cell, and avoids over-discharging battery cells with lower SOH. The presented method is evaluated using results obtained from a laboratory experimental setup.
Developing single-layer metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dots for diagnostic qubits

The design, fabrication, and characterization of single metal gate layer, metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) quantum dot devices robust against dielectric breakdown are presented as prototypes for future diagnostic qubits. These devices were developed as a preliminary solution to a longer term goal of a qubit platform for intercomparison between materials or for in-line diagnostics and to provide a testbed for establishing classical measurements predictive of coherence performance. For this stage, we seek a robust MOS design that is compatible with wafer and chip architectures, which has a reduced process overhead and is sufficiently capable of challenging and advancing our measurement capabilities. In this report, we present our initial batch of silicon MOS devices using a single gate layer, which have not exhibited any failures with gate voltage excursions > 10 V but do exhibit the reduced electrostatic control expected of a single gate layer design. We observe quantum dot formation, capacitive charge sensing between channels, and reasonable effective electron temperatures that enable spin qubit studies. The costs and benefits of the trade-off between device performance and fabrication efficiency will be discussed, as well as opportunities for future improvements.
Fish want to see the light at the end of the tunnel

![Graphic][1] Picture a poorly designed city with enormous city blocks and few roads. It would probably be difficult to get around, so you might try to avoid going across town if you could. Now, if alleyways were created throughout this city as shortcuts, you might be more likely to walk
A Technique to Record and Transfer the Distance Between the Bone Crest and the Interproximal Contact Point to the Dental Laboratory to Maintain the Interdental Papilla While Fabricating Implant Supported Restorations

The interdental papilla plays an important role in terms of esthetics and function. Management of the interdental papilla, especially around implants can be challenging. One of the factors mentioned in the literature that affects the viability of the papilla is the distance of the interdental contact point from the crest of the bone. The following case report describes a technique to predictably achieve an interdental contact area within the proper distance from the crest of the bone to help maintain the papilla for the long term.
Hydroxyethylresorcinol- and hydroxyethylhydroquinone-containing poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymers

Abstract Melt polycondensation incorporating meta-substituted hydroxyethylresorcinol (HER) or para-substituted hydroxyethylhydroquinone (HEH) regioisomers enabled the synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-based (co)polyesters with targeted comonomer mol %. Incorporation of either HER or HEH lowered the glass transition temperature (Tg) relative to PET, but the 5% weight loss temperature (Td,5%) remained unchanged. Similarly, the semi-crystalline morphology varied as a function of comonomer selection and mol % comonomer. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed decreasing β-relaxation intensities upon HER and HEH incorporation, while HER impacted β-relaxation intensity more substantially at similar mol %. HER incorporation also shifted the β-relaxation temperature (Tβ) to lower temperatures considerably more than HEH. Time-temperature-superposition (TTS) and Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) analysis of melt rheology probed various physical polymer properties including melt flow activation energy (Ea), fractional free volume at Tg ( f g ), and molecular weight of entanglement (Me). HER-based (co)polyesters exhibited lower Ea compared to HEH. Likewise, HER incorporation lowered f g while HEH incorporation increased f g . HER-based (co)polyesters possessed a higher Me compared to HEH-based (co)polyesters, although both copolymers resulted in higher Me compared to PET. Tensile testing revealed HER/HEH-based (co)polyesters ultimate mechanical performance compared to amorphous PET. Both HER and HEH incorporation increased Young's moduli and yield strengths, although comonomer incorporation above 25–30 mol % yielded minimal change. Establishing structure-property relationships provided insight into the role of regioisomeric variation at various comonomer levels on thermal, rheological, and mechanical performance for PET-based copolymers.
StenoSCORE: Predicting Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bloodstream Infections in the Hematologic Malignancy Population.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with considerable mortality in the hematologic malignancy population. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the treatment of choice; however, it is not routinely included in empirical treatment regimens, both because of its adverse event profile and the relative rarity of S. maltophilia infections. We developed a risk score to predict hematologic malignancy patients at increased risk for S. maltophilia BSI to guide early (TMP-SMX) therapy. Patients ≥12 years of age admitted to five hospitals between July 2016 and December 2019 were included. Two separate risk scores were developed, (i) a "knowledge-driven" risk score based upon previously identified risk factors in the literature in addition to variables identified by regression analysis using the current cohort, and (ii) a risk score based upon automatic variable selection. For both scores, discrimination (receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curves and C statistics) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and graphical calibration plots) were assessed. Internal validation was assessed using leave-one-out cross-validation. In total, 337 unique patients were included; 21 (6.2%) had S. maltophilia BSI. The knowledge-driven risk score (acute leukemia, absolute neutrophil count category, mucositis, central line, and ≥3 days of carbapenem therapy) had superior performance (C statistic = 0.75; 0.71 after cross-validation) compared to that of the risk score utilizing automatic variable selection (C statistic = 0.63; 0.38 after cross-validation). A user-friendly risk score incorporating five variables easily accessible to clinicians performed moderately well to predict hematologic malignancy patients at increased risk for S. maltophilia BSI. External validation using a larger cohort is necessary to create a refined risk score before broad clinical application.
No Future in This Country: The Prophetic Pessimism of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner: by Andre E. Johnson, UP of Mississippi, 2020, 214 pp., $30.00 (paperback). ISBN: 978-1-49-683069-2

Henry McNeal Turner was one of the leading figures in African American resistance to racism during the Civil War, Reconstruction, and post-Reconstruction eras. Yet most people, scholars and nonscho...
The problem with workarounds is that they work: The persistence of resource shortages

Industrious, well-intentioned workers often improvise in situ solutions to workplace challenges foist on them by shortcomings of the systems in which they work. For example, resource shortages trigger workplace pressures that may stimulate front line coping mechanisms, often called workarounds. There has been surprisingly little attention to questions about why these resource shortages occur and even more insidiously why they persist despite the apparently clear adverse consequences. Motivated by field work at a manufacturing firm adopting lean manufacturing, this paper develops a system dynamics model to understand chronic resource shortages and calls attention to the nature of workarounds as both a solution to a front line problem and a mask of the underlying system weakness. The model illuminates how the actions of various groups (e.g., managers, production workers, and other shop floor workers) interact with each other and with the physical characteristics of the workplace to sustain problematic resource shortages.
The Data Dictionary and Data and File Structures

The fundamental software structures of the HELP system have been designed to maximize efficiency and flexibility. A numerical coding scheme for medical terms was chosen in the early 1970s so computerized interpretation and decision making could be performed along with data review. The HELP system’s data and file structures have been designed so that data retrieval can be performed rapidly enough to function satisfactorily in a demanding clinical setting. Much of the HELP software has been locally developed to maximize efficiency and also because standardized tools were not widely available through much of the system’s development.
Identification and localization of ERD2 in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: separation from sites of sphingomyelin synthesis and implications for organization of the Golgi

The ERD2 gene product in mammalian cells and yeast is a receptor required for protein retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); immunolocalization studies indicate that the protein is concentrated in the cis Golgi. We have identified a homologue of ERD2 in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (PfERD2). The deduced protein sequence is 42% identical to mammalian and yeast homologues and bears striking homology in its proposed tertiary structure. PfERD2 is tightly confined to a single focus of staining in the perinuclear region as seen by indirect immunofluorescence. This is redistributed by brefeldin A (BFA) to a diffuse pattern similar to that of parasite BiP, a marker for the ER; removal of the drug results in recovery of the single focus, consistent with the localization of PfERD2 to the parasite Golgi and its participation in a retrograde transport pathway to the ER. Sphingomyelin synthesis is a second resident activity of the cis Golgi whose organization is sensitive to BFA in mammalian cells. Within the parasite it again localizes to a perinuclear region but does not reorganize upon BFA treatment. The results strongly suggest that these two activities are in distinct compartments of the Golgi in the malaria parasite.
Forum: Introduction: Art History and Disability

"Art history has not been as engaged with disability studies as much as have other areas of the humanities and liberal arts. Disability studies scholars have written about artwork featuring disabled subjects and the work of disabled artists, engaging varying degrees of art historical methodology, whereas art historians have analyzed images by and about disabled people with limited awareness with disability studies. This special issue aims to encourage more interdisciplinary work between the fields and was inspired by three conference panels at the Southeast College Art Conference: Visualizing Disability: Representations of Disability in Art and Visual Culture (2011), Disability and Performance: Bodies on Display (2012), and Photographing the Body (2013)."
Pregnancy outcome in the patient with a nonreactive nonstress test and a positive contraction stress test

The pregnancy outcomes for 41 patients with high-risk pregnancies who had undergone antepartum fetal heart rate testing between July 5, 1977, and April 10, 1980, and demonstrated a nonreactive nonstress test (NST) and a positive contraction stress test (CST) were reviewed. The estimated gestational ages of the time of the positive CST ranged from 28 to 44 weeks' gestation. Of the 41 pregnant women with a positive CST, 30 were allowed to labor. The remaining 11 patients underwent immediate cesarean section (8) or were managed expectantly because of immature phospholipid profiles (3). In the laboring group, 60.0% had evidence of late decelerations. Cesarean section for persistent late decelerations was necessary in 33.3%. The overall cesarean section rate for the positive CST group was 58.5%. The neonatal outcome for these 41 pregnancies demonstrated 29.3% of fetuses to be growth retarded and 17.1% of fetuses to have congenital abnormalities. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 7.3%. This investigation further substantiates the increased fetal and neonatal risks associated with a nonreactive NST and a positive CST. Induction of labor with direct fetal monitoring should be attempted in a term gestation where the cervix is ready for induction of labor and where rapid intervention by cesarean section is possible.
An Analysis of the Association between Teachers’ Classroom Objectives and Activities

For three days 67 elementary school teachers maintained a record of their major objectives and corresponding activities. Each objective (N = 1470) was then classified as belonging to the cognitive,...
Review of: Breaking the Chains

These two volumes contain a wealth of information directly pertinent to the understanding of criminal behavior but also significant to comprehending a significant part of the 20th Centuries contribution to the evolution of criminological thought, the practice of forensic psychiatry, and the concept of “clinical criminology.” Perhaps, most importantly, they chronicle the work of a man who's efforts aimed to better understand the criminal and improve the environment of incarceration. The place in criminal psycho dynamics and its application to “clinical criminology” defined by Bruno M. Cormier (1919C1991) is known and acknowledged by most students and practitioners in the field. These two volumes are a tribute to his memory, his work, and the influence he had on a discipline vital for civilization and yet ignored by it.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 163

Nuclear structure data for mass 163 nuclei are compiled, and adopted level and gamma-ray properties are presented. The adopted values are based on all data received before June 1972.
New microstrip diplexers using open‐loop ring resonators with two transmission zeros

This paper presents a diplexer with good isolation constructed by two high-selectivity bandpass filters. The high-selectivity filter is designed by an asymmetrically fed structure that shows two transmission zeros next to the passband of the filter. By using a simple equation, the locations of the transmission zeros are designed at the passbands of the filters in order to filter out unwanted signals and obtain good isolation for the diplexer. The insertion loss of the diplexer is less than 2.2 dB and the isolation is greater than 41 dB. This high-performance diplexer can be used in many wireless communication systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 396–398, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20647
An investigation of ulvospinel composition and cation migration during maghemitization in DSDP, Leg 61, titanomagnetites

Abstract Titanomagnetites of basalts and diorites from an off-axis volcanic episode in the Pacific Ocean (Leg 61, DSDP) were studied for their ulvospinel composition and for changes in the iron-titanium ratio with progressive low-temperature oxidation. Thermomagnetic analysis and microscopy indicate that these Fe/Ti spinels show relatively little low-temperature oxidation, despite their Cretaceous age. Microprobe investigation shows that the Fe/Ti spinels have a wide range of ulvospinel content directly reflecting the range of parent rock chemistries. This is an important demonstration that ulvospinel contents are not constant but vary within a restricted range of compositions, namely at least x =0.5 to x =0.75 (Fe 2− x Ti x O 4 ). Recognition of this fact is important in attempting to elucidate changes in cation ratio as a result of progressive low-temperature oxidation. Examination of samples of different oxidation states for cation ratio changes as a result of low-temperature oxidation revealed lower titanium in the more oxidized samples and Ti enrichment in the less oxidized ones. This is probably a reflection of changing x values with progressive crystallization of individual sills, and thus unrelated to cation ratio changes with oxidation. In more than 100 grains analyzed, no evidence was found for a more oxidized shell on the exteriors of grains, suggesting that the oxidation process did not proceed uniformly with respect to grain geometry.
Differential flexibilities in three branches of an N-linked triantennary glycopeptide.

Abstract The solution conformation behavior of complex oligosaccharides was studied by resonance energy transfer, as measured by the time-resolved fluorescence method, to determine the conformational heterogeneity of a triantennary glycopeptide at various temperatures. Groups that acted as a fluorescence donor (naphthyl-2-acetyl, Nap) or acceptor (dansylethylenediamine, Dan) were selectively attached to the N terminus of the peptide and a Gal residue [either 6' (shown below), 6, or 8] of the oligosaccharide, respectively. [formula: see text] Time-resolved fluorescence energy-transfer measurements revealed two populations of conformers when Dan was attached to either Gal-6' or Gal-6. One conformer contained the antenna folded back toward the core region, and a second was in an extended conformation. The two conformations differed in donor-acceptor distance by about 10 A. Systematically increasing the temperature from 0 degrees C to 40 degrees C increased the ratio of extended to folded forms 2-fold for the Gal-6 isomer and 4-fold for the Gal-6' isomer, whereas the Gal-8 isomer showed only a single distance population throughout this temperature range. From these data, delta H and delta S for the reversible conformational change were calculated to be 3.1 kcal/mol and 10.8 cal/(mol.K) for the Gal-6 isomer and 7.1 kcal/mol and 25.8 cal/(mol.K) for the Gal-6' isomer. In addition to the structural microheterogeneity commonly associated with glycoproteins, the differential flexibilities of the different branches in the oligosaccharides contribute conformational heterogeneity and should be considered in conformational analysis. The data are discussed in terms of the most probable linkages that contribute to the observed flexibility of the individual triantennary branches, and the biological significance of flexible linkages in complex carbohydrates is considered.
AngioSeal Device Malfunction: A Case Report of Dilator Tip Fracture and Successful Endovascular Retrieval

Abstract In this case report we describe an unusual case of AngioSeal (St. Jude Medical, MN) device malfunction where the arteriotomy locator tip broke off during the AngioSeal deployment. This case report highlights a previously unreported complication of an AngioSeal and we propose some modifications of AngioSeal device and other measures to prevent this from reoccurring. We also describe the endovascular technique that could be used to retrieve a retained tip of the arteriotomy locator using a snare.
Thermochemical stabilities and vibrational spectra of isomers of the chlorine oxide dimer

Molecular orbital calculations were performed to determine the relative thermochemical stabilities and IR vibrational spectra of isomers of the ClO dimer. Two straight-chain isomers (ClOOCl and ClOClO) and one branched species (ClClO2) were identified as energy minima on the Cl2O2 potential surface. It is shown that ClOOCl and ClClO2 are comparable in terms of stability, while ClOClO is about 11 kcal/mol higher in energy. The IR spectra obtained by Molina and Molina (1987) as a result of the reaction of chlorine atoms with ClO precursors are consistent with the production of the two most stable forms of Cl2O2.
An ultrastructural examination of everted rat jejunum.

Abstract Male, albino, Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed by cervical separation. Segments of jejunum were excised, everted and examined with the electron microscope. Examination of tissue fixed immediately after eversion revealed the following changes as compared to non-everted segments fixed in situ and in vitro : 1) an increase in the length of microvilli from (mean ± S. E.) 0.991 ± 0.011μ for normal tissue to 1.389 ± 0.023μ for everted tissue, 2) an increase in width of microvilli from (mean ± S. E.) 0.089 ± 0.001μ for normal tissue to 0.097 ± 0.001μ for everted tissue, 3) an increase in length and number of lateral membrane interdigitations, and 4) the appearance of intercellular “lakes” in the lateral spaces. The above changes are in those structures hypothesized to be involved with salt and water transport across epithelia and may reflect altered transport rates in vitro as compared to in vivo .
Role of antiviral therapy in the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Infection with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus is strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC likely develops through a sequence of chronic inflammation to fibrosis to cirrhosis and, eventually, dysplasia. Medical therapies aimed at the prevention of HCC are predicated on the interruption of this sequence by means of antiviral therapy. In this review, the authors summarize the available experience with prophylactic medical therapies and a number of questions that remain unanswered. Overall, although it appears that interferon-α therapy is beneficial in the prevention of HCC in patients with viral hepatitis, more experience is required before definitive recommendations can be made.
Basic Frequency and Time Domain Least Squares Methods for System Identification

This paper investigates the feasibility of applying least squares (LS) techniques for estimating the low-frequency electromechanical modes of a power system. The performance of time domain least squares (TDLS) and frequency domain least squares (FDLS) system identification algorithms is studied. These algorithms use measured input and output signals to estimate system models. Simulation studies are performed. These simulations include using a test system model developed based on a series of tests performed on the Western North American Power Grid (WNAPG) in June, 2000.
Potential economic benefit of cleft lip and palate repair in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background Acceptance of basic surgical care as an essential element of any properly functioning health system is growing. To justify investment in surgical interventions, donors require estimates of the economic benefit of treating surgical disease. The present study aimed to establish a methodology for valuing the potential economic benefit of surgical intervention using cleft lip and palate (CLP) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a model.
Single amino acid substitutions dissociate fibrinogen-clotting and thrombomodulin-binding activities of human thrombin.

Abstract Thrombin is a serine protease that acts as a procoagulant by clotting fibrinogen and activating platelets and as an anticoagulant by activating protein C in a thrombomodulin-dependent reaction. Fibrinogen and thrombomodulin bind competitively to an anion-binding exosite on thrombin. We prepared recombinant normal human thrombin and mutant thrombins with single amino acid substitutions in order to localize and distinguish the fibrinogen- and thrombomodulin-binding sites. Normal and mutant thrombins had similar amidolytic activity. Thrombin K52E had approximately 2.5-fold increased protein C-activating activity but only approximately 17% of normal fibrinogen-clotting activity. Thrombin R70E had normal fibrinogen-clotting activity but only approximately 7% of normal protein C-activating activity. Thrombin R68E had markedly reduced activity in both assays. Decreased activation of protein C correlated with decreased binding affinity for thrombomodulin, and ability to activate platelets correlated directly with fibrinogen-clotting activity. These results demonstrate that thrombins with predominantly anticoagulant or procoagulant activity can be created by mutagenesis and that thrombomodulin- and fibrinogen-binding sites on thrombin may overlap but are not identical.
1H assisted 13C/15N heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy in oriented sample solid-state NMR of single crystal and magnetically aligned samples.

Abstract 1 H-irradiation under mismatched Hartmann–Hahn conditions provides an alternative mechanism for carrying out 15 N/ 13 C transfers in triple-resonance heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy (HETCOR) on stationary samples of single crystals and aligned samples of biopolymers, which improve the efficiency especially when the direct 15 N– 13 C dipolar couplings are small. In many cases, the sensitivity is improved by taking advantage of the 13 C α labeled sites in peptides and proteins with 13 C detection. The similarities between experimental and simulated spectra demonstrate the validity of the recoupling mechanism and identify the potential for applying these experiments to virus particles or membrane proteins in phospholipid bilayers; however, further development is needed in order to derive quantitative distance and angular constraints from these measurements.
Relaxing Bounds for Linear RC Mesh Circuits

A new algorithm that produces a sequence of closed-form upper and lower bounds on the response of a very general class of linear RC networks is presented in this paper. The bounds approach arbitrarily close to the actual response by using a successive relaxation method. Since the accuracy of the final bounds can be improved through additional computation, the algorithm is more flexible than previous bounding algorithms. Furthermore, the class of networks considered is more general. The new bounding algorithm treats leaky, linear RC mesh networks in which all capacitors and voltage sources are grounded. Such networks are often used to model large digital MOS circuits in timing analysis programs. The general theory behind the algorithm is presented along with some experimental results.
Conducting Literature Searches for Instructional Development Projects.

While most instructional developers would agree that some type of literature search should be conducted prior to ac~ tuatty producing a new training program, few would agree on the actual procedures that should be used in completing the search. Because so little attention has been paid to this area of instructional design, there also would likely be disagreement concerning the purposes of conducting the search. Most would agree that a primary purpose would be to avoid the duplication of existing training programs, but is that the only reason for reviewing literature prior to designing instruction/How, for example, is the developer to make the best use of program research and evaluation data that have been collected on the topic of the proposed instructional product? The purpose of this paper is to describe three types of literature searches that should be conducted as part of the instructional design process: (a) an instructional materials review, (b) a content research review, and (c) an instructional theory review. A suggested set of procedures will be given for completing the searches, followed by an account of using the procedure in an actual development project.
Optical behavior values of substrates, single films, and two film combinations in the x-ray region

Optical constant determination of thin films is critical to the design of x-ray multilayers. In the x-ray region, surface roughness, interfacial roughness, interdiffusion, volume anisotropies, etc. all act to reduce the reflectance. Reflectance measurements were taken at NIST in Gaithersburg, MD. From these measurements the optical behavior results of a substrate, single films and two film combinations were determined by best fitting the measured reflectance values as a function of the angles of incidence with a functional form based on the theoretical reflectance as a function of the optical constants. By using these new optical constants in a multilayer design, the performance of a multilayer can be predicted.
SOLAR CYCLE VARIATIONS IN H + AND D + DENSITIES IN THE VENUS IONOSPHERE: IMPLICATIONS FOR ESCAPE

The hydrogen ion concentrations recently observed on Venus, near solar minimum, by the Ion Mass Spectrometer on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter in the anti-solar sector of the ionosphere are more than an order of magnitude less than those previously observed at solar maximum. This strong solar cycle variation has a profound effect on the escape of hydrogen (and deuterium) from Venus; almost all escape occurs during solar maximum. After adjustment for solar cycle variation, a planet-averaged hydrogen escape flux of 0.6-1.4 x 10 exp 7/sq cm per sec is obtained along with a large deuterium fractionation factor of 0.1-0.14. These results suggest at least two plausible scenarios for the evolution of water on Venus: (1) water vapor on Venus may be approaching a steady state if the escape flux is balanced by endogenous sources of water or (2) the present day D/H ratio of 0.024 could be established by Rayleigh fractionation of an early low D/H water reservoir if the escape flux was sufficiently large in earlier times. An early water endowment at least 340 times today's abundance would be needed.
"Configurations of Strategy, Organization, and Capability in Entrepreneurial Firms"

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is advanced as an important antecedent for performance. However, supporting empirical correlations are challenged as potentially spurious, reverse causal, and of li...
Two Studies of Specification Error in Models for Categorical Latent Variables

This article examines the problem of specification error in 2 models for categorical latent variables; the latent class model and the latent Markov model. Specification error in the latent class model focuses on the impact of incorrectly specifying the number of latent classes of the categorical latent variable on measures of model adequacy as well as sample reallocation to latent classes.The results show that the clarity of remaining latent classes,as measured by the entropy statistic dependson the number of observations in the omitted latent class—but this statistic is not reliable. Specification error in the latent Markov model focuses on the transition probabilities when a longitudinal Guttman process is incorrectly specified. The findings show that specifying a longitudinal Guttman process that is not true in the population impacts other transition probabilities through the covariance matrix of the logit parameters used to calculate those probabilities.
Lipid Effects of Endocrine Medications

Various alterations of lipid homeostasis have a significant role in the pathophysiology of the artherosclerotic process. The effects of usual lipid-lowering agents such as statins, fibrates, or niacin are well known, but other endocrine therapeutic agents could also affect the blood levels of various lipoproteins and, in turn, influence atheroma formation. In this review, we attempt to summarize the effect of several hormonal and non-hormonal endocrine agents on lipid metabolism, including insulin, thyroid hormone, sex hormones, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, and several anti-diabetic agents.