cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restriction on nonsingular gauge conditions

We demonstrate in several examples that to give a consistent treatment of gauge theories a new restriction on the gauge condition is required. When a quadratic gauge-fixing term $\ensuremath{-}\frac{{F}^{2}}{2}$ is used in the Lagrangian only those gauges are allowed where $F$ has a zero vacuum expectation value. We also present a more general, but heuristic argument why this must be the case.
New generation lidars to support aerosol radiation/climate forcing studies

Two economic, eye-safe lidars, feasible for widespread application, are considered for the purpose of obtaining information on atmospheric aerosols critically needed to assess their radiation/climate forcing impact. One is a compact horizontal sensing airborne lidar, and the other is a ground-based slant path sensing lidar. The proposed systems incorporate recent advances in laser and detector technology which permit realization of economic, eye-safe lidars that can achieve high signal-to-noise ratios in fairly short averaging periods. The paper addresses the requirements, features and aerosol measurement capabilities of these two lidars.
New Host Record (Gobiosoma bosc, Teleostei), for Homalometron sp. (Digenea: Apocreadiidae) in the Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, U.S.A.

During a dietary study of the naked goby, Gobiosoma bosc, collected from Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, in 2011–2012, gut content analyses showed the presence of several digenean species. The identity of one of the digenean species was investigated using molecular and morphological techniques. A comparison of 374 base pairs of an internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS2) with the GenBank database revealed that the digenean was a Homalometron sp., most likely Homalometron palmeri or an undescribed sister taxon. Specimens examined for morphology were immature, less than 1 mm in length, and had an oral to ventral sucker width ratio of 1:1.15–1.29. This is the first record of Homalometron sp. parasitizing a Gobiosoma bosc host, and it represents the first potential occurrence of H. palmeri outside of the Gulf of Mexico.
Acid and moisture uptake in steamed and boiled sweet potatoes and associated structural changes during in vitro gastric digestion

Abstract Orange-fleshed sweet potatoes are a good source of phytochemicals. For these nutrients to be absorbed, they must be released from the food matrix as a result of physical and chemical breakdown. A key factor in food breakdown is gastric acid diffusion into the matrix, and its influence on structural changes. Cooking treatment may influence mass transport properties and structural changes of foods during digestion. The objective of this study was to determine the acid and moisture uptake into sweet potatoes and its influence on macro- and micro-structures during in vitro gastric digestion as a result of varying cooking treatments. Sweet potatoes were cut into cubes and cooked (boiled or steamed) for different times. In vitro oral and gastric digestions were simulated in a shaking water bath at 37 °C. Acidity, moisture content, and solid loss were measured after 9 digestion times (15 to 240 min). Hardness of individual cubes and microstructure (light microscopy) were completed before and after digestion. Effective diffusivity of acid and moisture into the cubes was estimated using MATLAB. Cooking method, cooking severity, and digestion time significantly influenced moisture uptake (p
Treatment of Comorbid Depression

Anxiety disorders are frequently accompanied by depression which can attenuate anxiety treatment outcomes. As such, this chapter outlines the clinical characteristics of patients presenting with anxiety and depression and describes a treatment approach that is able to adapt to these patients. A case example is given to represent the clinical characteristics and treatment approach.
Renewing Growth: M&A Fact & Fallacy

Today's M&A environment seems more challenging than ever - Board inertia, accounting concerns, and uncertain economic prospects. We address pitfalls that commonly impede renewal of growth prospects in your stock price: Hurdle Rates Starve Growth Book Loss on Disposition Doesn't Matter Don't Fret Over Goodwill & Marked-Up Assets Don't Wait to Time the Market Multiple Expansion the Corollary of Dilution
Abstract 1025: Optimized DZNep exposure presensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to anticancer nucleoside analogues: potential clinical implications.

We evaluated the potential of a histone methylation reversal agent 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) in improving the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer to nucleoside analogs (i.e., gemcitabine). DZNep brought delayed but selective cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells without affecting normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. Co-exposure of DZNep and gemcitabine induced cytotoxic additivity or synergism in both well- and poorly-differentiated pancreatic cell lines. In contrast, DZNep exerted antagonism with gemcitabine against HPDE cells with significant reduction in cytotoxicity compared with the gemcitabine-alone regimen. DZNep marginally depended on purine nucleoside transporters for its cytotoxicity, but the transport dependence was circumvented by acyl derivatization. Drug exposure studies revealed that a short priming with DZNep followed by gemcitabine treatment rather than co-treatment of both agents produced a maximal chemosensitization response in both gemcitabine-sensitive and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. DZNep rapidly and reversibly decreased trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 but increased trimethylation of lysine 9 in an EZH2- and JMJD1A/2C-dependent manner, respectively. However, DZNep potentiation of nucleoside analog chemosensitization was found to be temporally coupled to trimethylation changes in lysine 27 and not lysine 9. Polymeric nanoparticles engineered to chronologically release DZNep followed by gemcitabine produced pronounced chemosensitization and dose-lowering effects. Together, our results identify that an optimized DZNep exposure can presensitize pancreatic cancer cells to anticancer nucleoside analogs and emphasize the promising clinical utilities of histone methylation reversal agents in future pancreatic cancer combination therapies. Citation Format: Sau Wai Hung, Hardik Mody, Sean Marrache, Yangzom D. Bhutia, Franklin Davis, Jong Hyun Cho, Shanta Dhar, Chung K. Chu, Rajgopal Govindarajan. Optimized DZNep exposure presensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to anticancer nucleoside analogues: potential clinical implications. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1025. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1025
Water Conservation, Efficiency, and Reuse

Global water scarcity is intensifying. Economizing on water use will be an important aspect of any effective response. Water recycling and reuse technologies offer possibilities for more extensive use of water, depending on cost. Institutional responses, such as the use of rational pricing and the creation of water markets or exchanges, promise to improve water-use efficiency. Consumer education is a simple and inexpensive means of economizing on water in the urban and agricultural sectors. Rationing is effective in managing short-term interruptions such as drought. Point-of-use technology will also offer opportunities for economizing on many water uses.
Relapse and rebound following discontinuation of benzodiazepine treatment of panic attacks: alprazolam versus diazepam

The authors assessed the effects of partial tapering followed by abrupt discontinuation of alprazolam, diazeparn, and placebo in 40 patients with panic attacks. The anxiety scores and frequency of panic attacks of the three groups did not differ at the end of the initial 2-week taper, but 1 week after abrupt discontinuation of the remaining medication, patients formerly taking alprazolam had greater increases in anxiety but no more panic attacks than did the other patients. Because of low statistical power, differences in benzodiazepine half-lives, absence ofmultiple ratings, and imbalances between groups in clinical characteristics, these findings must be viewed as preliminary. (Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:860-865)
Nursing intervention for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis for patients underwent lower limb surgery after fractures

Objective: To evaluate the role of perioperative nursing intervention on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis for patients underwent lower limb surgery after fractures.Methods: a total of 60 patients with lower limb fractures were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group and the control group,each consisting 30 cases.Both groups were treated with internal fixation and corresponding conventional treatment,the observation group was also given nursing intervention in the perioperative period,incidence of deep vein thrombosis and secondary pulmonary embolism of the two groups were continuously observed for two months and compared,length of hospital stay were also compared between the two groups.Results: The incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the observation group was 6.67%,significant lower than 16.67% of the control group(P0.05);no secondary pulmonary embolism was observed in the observation group,but 1 death due to secondary pulmonary embolism was observed in the control group.Length of hospital stay of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group(P0.05).Conclusions: Perioperative nursing intervention can prevent deep vein thrombosis effectively,shorten the length of hospital stay,and improve patients′ life quality,thus it′s worth for application in large scale.
Application of Delphi method in establishment of health information literacy evaluation index system for diabetes patients

Objective To establish the evaluation index system on health information literacy for diabetes patient by Delphi method. Methods Literature analysis was used to establish evaluation index system on health information literacy of diabetes patient firstly,and Delphi method was carried out to revise index system through 3 rounds questionnaire consulting from 22 experts. Results The confirmed index system of diabetes patients health information literacy included 3 first-level index,9 second-level index and 39 third-level index. The positive coefficient of experts in 3 rounds were 100%,the average authority degree of experts were 0. 86,and the coordination coefficient of expert in the total index were 0. 292,0. 464 and 0. 482( P 0. 001),respectively. Conclusion The representativeness,authority degree and coordination of expert were good,and the tentatively established evaluation index system on health information literacy of diabetes patient was scientific and reasonable.
Imaging TGFβ Signaling in Mouse Models of Cancer Metastasis

Metastatic spread of cancer cells from the primary tumors to distant vital organs, such as lung, liver, brain, and bone, is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Development of metastatic lesions is critically dependent on the interaction of tumor cells with the stromal microenvironment. As a multifunctional paracrine signaling factor that is abundantly produced by both tumor and stromal cells, TGFβ has been well established as an important mediator of tumor-stromal interaction during cancer metastasis. Imaging the in vivo dynamic of TGFβ signaling activity during cancer metastasis is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease, and for the development of effective anti-metastasis treatments. In this chapter, I describe several xenograft methods to introduce human breast cancer cells into nude mice in order to generate spontaneous and experimental metastases, as well as the luciferase-based bioluminescence imaging method for quantitative imaging analysis of TGFβ signaling in tumor cells during metastasis.
In-situ liquid phase TEM observations of nucleation and growth processes

Abstract Nucleation and growth of crystals is a pervasive phenomenon in the synthesis of man-made materials, as well as mineral formation within geochemical and biological environments. Over the past two decades, numerous ex situ studies of crystallization have concluded that nucleation and growth pathways are more complex than envisioned within classical models. The recent development of in situ liquid phase TEM (LP-TEM) has led to new insights into such pathways by enabling direct, real-time observations of nucleation and growth events. Here we report results from LP-TEM studies of Au nanoparticle, CaCO 3 and iron oxide formation. We show how these in situ data can be used to obtain direct evidence for the mechanisms underlying crystallization, as well as dynamic information that provides constraints on important kinetic and thermodynamic parameters not available through ex situ methods.
The geometry of fibre bundles

In earlier chapters we have used the language of bundles and connections, but in a relatively casual manner. We deferred proper mathematical definitions until now, because, for the applications we meet in physics, it helps to first have acquired an understanding of the geometry of Lie groups. Fibre bundles We begin with a formal definition of a bundle and then illustrate the definition with examples from quantum mechanics. These allow us to appreciate the physics that the definition is designed to capture. Definitions A smooth bundle comprises three ingredients: E , π and M , where E and M are manifolds, and π : E → M is a smooth surjective (onto) map. The manifold E is the total space, M is the base space and π is the projection map . The inverse image π -1 ( x ) of a point in M (i.e. the set of points in E that map to x in M ) is the fibre over x . We usually require that all fibres be diffeomorphic to some fixed manifold F . The bundle is then a fibre bundle , and F is “the fibre” of the bundle. In a similar vein, we sometimes also refer to the total space E as “the bundle”. Examples of possible fibres are vector spaces (in which case we have a vector bundle ), spheres (in which case we have a sphere bundle) and Lie groups. When the fibre is a Lie group we speak of a principal bundle . A principal bundle can be thought of as the parent of various associated bundles, which are constructed by allowing the Lie group to act on a fibre. A bundle whose fibre is a one-dimensional vector space is called a line bundle .
Fillers, Botulinum Toxin, Mid-Facial Implants, Tissue Expansion

This chapter provides a summary of the basic and advanced knowledge requirements encompassing volumizing fillers, botulinum toxin, mid-facial implants, and tissue expansion in the head and neck as laid out in the curriculum compendium of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
The Limits of Non-Relative Views

The previous chapter’s analysis of the reasons one has to overcome repression suggests that there is a salient distinction not only between those reasons that are relative to an agent’s motivational set and those that are not, but also between those reasons that are deliberatively accessible and those that are not. The intersection of these two distinctions creates space for four different categories of reasons and opens the possibility for categorizing a reason to overcome repression as a relative external reason. Such a reason gains its normative status — its ability to evaluate, constrain, and justify action — from its relativity to an agent’s motivational set, but also has its normative status obscured by the forces that repress the agent. Many of these forces are themselves normative and so it is difficult to say, with any certainty, when a reason to overcome repression is merely a pro tanto reason outweighed by more authoritative reasons and when it is, in fact, an agent’s best reason all things considered. This book does not attempt to provide a protocol for making that decision. Rather, it argues that not being able to explain why a reason to overcome repression is a pro tanto reason that at least occasionally is authoritative enough to be an agent’s best reason is a significant shortcoming for any theory of practical reasoning. This chapter and the next show why only those theories that allow for relative external reasons can overcome this shortcoming, these theories fall under a category that will be called relative externalism for short.
Modified Frailty Index Can Be Used to Predict Adverse Outcomes and Mortality after Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery

Background Frailty has been increasingly used as a prognostic indicator for various surgical operations. Patients with peripheral arterial disease represent a cohort of population with advanced medical comorbidities. The aim of this study is to correlate the postoperative outcomes after lower extremity bypass surgery with preoperative modified frailty index (mFI). Methods Using 2010 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, patients undergoing infrainguinal arterial bypass surgery were identified. mFI with 11 variables, based on the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Frailty Index, was utilized. Based on mFI score, the patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (mFI score: 0–0.09), group 2 (mFI score: 0.18–0.27), group 3 (mFI score: 0.36–0.45), and group 4 (mFI score: 0.54–0.63). A bivariate and multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 4,704 patients (64% males and 36% females) underwent infrainguinal arterial bypass. Mean age was 67.9 ± 11.7 years. Distribution of patients based on mFI was as follows: group 1: 14.6%, group 2: 55.9%, group 3: 26.9%, and group 4: 2.6%. Increase in mFI was associated with higher mortality rates. Incidence of mortality for group 1 was 0.6%; for group 2, it was 1.4%; for group 3, it was 4%; and for group 4, it was 7.4%. Likewise, the incidence of other postoperative complications such as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, progressive renal failure, and graft failure was significantly high among patients with high mFI scores. Following factors were associated with increased risk of mortality: high mFI score, black race, dialysis dependency, postoperative renal insufficiency, MI, and postoperative acute renal failure. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the mFI can be used as a valuable tool to identify patients at a higher risk for developing postoperative complications after lower extremity revascularization. For patients with mFI score of 0.54–0.63, the risk of mortality and complications increases significantly. mFI can be used as a useful screening tool to identify patients who are at a high risk for developing complications.
Political Ideology of Donors and Attribution Messages in Charity Advertising: An Abstract

Two experimental studies demonstrate that advertising messages emphasizing individualistic or structuralistic attribution can have varying effects on people with different political ideologies. We found that liberals tend to more positively evaluate the ad and more likely participate in a charity event when the ad message includes structuralistic attribution (e.g., the society caused homelessness), while conservatives tend to more positively evaluate the ad and more likely participate in a charity event when the ad message includes individualistic attribution (e.g., the homeless people caused their homelessness). We further shows that the ad evaluation—attitude toward advertising—plays a mediating role between the ideology-attribution fit and participation likelihood in the charity event.
Innovation and institutions from the bottom up: an introduction

This introduction canvasses broad themes relating to the nexus of innovation and institutions. It first examines the notion of a “new combination” – a core analytical concept in economic theories of innovation and explanations of emergent novelty through bottom-up processes. Following Schumpeter, different theorists have made different claims about the composition and structure of new combinations. Possible constituent elements include factors of production, capital goods, routines, information, ideas, technologies, and property rights. The article then looks synoptically at the institutional dimensions of innovation from alternative perspectives that focus upon different kinds of institutional rules and policy solutions to innovation problems. Neoclassical and evolutionary approaches tend to emphasize specific policy interventions in markets to channel behavior toward particular desired outcomes, whereas institutional and Austrian approaches tend to focus upon general institutional rules (e.g. property and contract) that frame markets and innovation processes. Finally, this article summarizes the papers in the special issue.
The False Promise of Market-Based Conceptions of Human Capital: Higher Education as a Public and Private Good

This chapter explores some of the challenges facing higher education in both China and the United States. Human capital theory is critically explored in terms of its role as a justification for the shift towards academic capitalism for higher education institutions. An argument is made for expanding the notion of higher education’s role in supporting the development of human capital as both a “private” and a “public” good.
Generalized Perturbation Theory-Free Sensitivity Analysis for Eigenvalue Problems

Generalized perturbation theory (GPT) has been recognized as the most computationally efficient approach for performing sensitivity analysis for models with many input parameters, which renders for...
Bound for Botany Bay? Circa 1791

The 240-page navigation cyphering book featured in this chapter includes 80 artistic creations, many of them exquisite water-color miniatures. These miniatures are remarkable in the sense that they depict buildings, towers, hills, streams, etc., on which are labeled heights, widths, distances, angles, etc., relevant to mathematical tasks which are given in the text. Some of the labels are so small that it is difficult to read them with the naked eye. An important part of this chapter relates the beautiful artwork in the manuscript to the 18th- and 19th-century push to include serious drawing education in curricula designed for middle-class students and artisans. Another intriguing aspect of the chapter is that it draws attention to mathematical compromises, by mathematicians, with respect to trigonometric functions and logarithms. The title of the chapter, “Bound for Botany Bay? Circa 1791” was chosen because of the possibility that the diagrams and other artwork in the chapter depict actual scenes that the person who created the navigation cyphering book saw from a ship (or ships) that was (or were) part of the First Fleet from England to Botany Bay (New Holland) in 1787 and 1788.
Enhancing metacognition through the reflective use of self-regulated learning strategies.

Background An important concern of nursing practice and education is the difficulty new graduates experience while making the transition from graduate nurse to practicing nurse. Method Using a comparative descriptive design, self-regulated learning strategies were used to enhance metacognitive critical thinking abilities as 32 new graduate nurses reflected during 8-week preceptorship programs. Results Verbal protocol analysis revealed the majority of noun referents as metacognitive with thinking nouns increasing in rank from Week 1 to Week 8, present tense verbs were used most frequently with lower-level thinking phrases. Common themes in the narrative were knowledge observation, thinking strategies, judgments of self-improvement, judgments of competence, judgments of resources, self-reactions, and self-correction strategies. Conclusions New graduate nurses have unique circumstances to overcome in making a transition to the workplace, and having self-regulatory skills would enable this process. The data suggest nursing education and practice consider self-regulated learning prompts with new graduates to promote thinking strategies.
Locus of Intervention in Child Cognitive Behavior Therapy

The present chapter considers the locus of intervention taken by research and clinical endeavors in child cognitive behavior therapy, with particular emphasis on (a) the implications one’s chosen locus of intervention may have on outcome and (b) the possibilities for thoughtful selection of locus of intervention to improve the efficacy of treatment efforts. For present purposes the term locus of intervention is defined broadly, encompassing not only the question of where to intervene but also the following related issues: (a) when, (b) at what target levels, (c) with what types of populations, (d) with what kinds of training and support personnel, and (e) toward what ends and target behaviors. As will become evident, such a wide-angle view is necessary in discussing locus of intervention because of its inextricable relatedness to these other issues.
Systems Analysts' Attitudes Toward Information Systems Development

Certain researchers argue that systems analysts are too technical, a situation that may contribute to system failures. The results of this study, however, contradict this argument. By applying a framework of Dos Santos and Hawk 1988, analysts were found to have three primary orientations: technical, socio-political, and user. No one orientation dominated. Using the framework applied in this study, managers can consider the analysts' orientations in assigning development activities. Researchers can identify diverse orientations in future studies where attitudes may be significant predictors of system performance or development success.
Emergent groin hernia repair: A single center 10-year experience.

Background Emergent groin hernia repair can be a challenging clinical scenario. We aimed to evaluate the perioperative and long-term outcomes of emergent groin hernia repair at our institution over the last 10 years, with particular interest in surgical approach and mesh use for such cases. Methods Adult patients who underwent emergent groin hernia repair from 2005–2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes included surgical site infections, perioperative complications, readmissions, reoperations, mortality, and long-term hernia recurrence. Predictors of surgical site infection and perioperative complications were investigated using multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 257 patients met inclusion criteria (62% males, median age 72). Hernias were most often indirect inguinal (40.9%) and femoral (33.5%), and 45 cases (17.5%) required a bowel resection. Laparoscopic repair was performed in 3 patients (1.2%). Synthetic mesh was placed in 70% of repairs but in only 15% of cases associated with a bowel resection. The medical complications rate was 16.7%; 3.6% had an surgical site infection, and 30-day mortality rate was 3.1%. Older age (odds ratio 1.05) and gross contamination (odds ratio 4.3) were independently associated with complications. Mesh use was not associated with surgical site infection (odds ratio 1.83, P = .49) or perioperative complications (odds ratio 1.02, P = .96). With a median follow-up of 43 months, there were no mesh infections and recurrence rates were similar between mesh and tissue repairs (6.3% vs 6.8%, P = .91). Conclusion Emergent groin hernia repair has high rates of morbidity and mortality most closely associated with increasing age and the presence of contamination. Although mesh use appears to be well tolerated when used in the absence of contamination during emergent groin hernia repair, recurrence rates were similar to tissue repairs.
Bicalutamide as an Androgen Blocker With Secondary Effect of Promoting Feminization in Male-to-Female Transgender Adolescents

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe the novel use of bicalutamide in transgender youth. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients with gender dysphoria followed in the pediatric endocrine clinic at Riley Hospital for Children. Results Of 104 patients with gender dysphoria, 23 male-to-female adolescents received bicalutamide 50 mg daily as a second-line puberty blocker after insurance company denial of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog. Six patients received estrogen concurrently. Of 13 patients treated exclusively with bicalutamide seen in follow-up, 84.6% had breast development within 6 months, the majority being ≥ Tanner stage III. Conclusions Bicalutamide may be an alternative to gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in transgender male-to-female youth who are also ready to undergo physical transition.
Using Self-Report in Psychological Assessments of Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations

Mental health clinicians commonly use self-report methods (e.g., interviews, self-report inventories, symptom checklists, personality questionnaires) in psychological assessments to gather data about a range of respondents’ behavior and symptomatology. This chapter examines the use of self-report in assessments of sexually violent predators. Self-report information is generally added to other assessment information for making a variety of types of decisions (e.g., presence or absence of psychopathology, giving testimony in cases of civil commitment). In this chapter, use of self-report information is framed in terms of clinicians’ responsibility to assure the technical adequacy (reliability and validity) of decisions (and not just the assessment tools) made based on these assessments. Decision validity is affected by the additive nature of error, the reliability of difference scores (a matter of the difference between measured and interpreted constructs), and the validity of self-report (which is unknown) as a source of assessment information, all of which is discussed in the chapter. The chapter also examines the potential for judgment biases when self-report information is used as a part of these assessments, which should cause mental health clinicians to proceed very cautiously when self-report information is gathered.
The multiplicity distribution of Kepler’s exoplanets

The true multiplicity distribution of transiting planet systems is obscured by strong observational biases, leading low-multiplicity systems to be overrepresented in the observed sample. Using the Kepler FGK planet hosts, we employ approximate Bayesian computation to infer the multiplicity distribution by comparing simulated catalogs to the observed one. After comparing a total of ten different multiplicity distributions, half of which were two-population models, to the observed data, we find that a single-population model following a Zipfian distribution is able to explain the Kepler data as well as any of the dichotomous models we test. Our work provides another example of a way to explain the observed Kepler multiplicities without invoking a dichotomous planet population. Using our preferred Zipfian model, we estimate that an additional $2393_{-717}^{+904}$ planets likely reside in the 1537 FGK Kepler systems studied in this work, which would increase the planet count by a factor of $2.22_{-0.36}^{+0.46}$. Of these hidden worlds, $663_{-151}^{+158}$ are expected to reside in ostensibly single-transiting-planet systems, meaning that an additional planet(s) is expected for approximately 1-in-2 such Kepler systems.
Same-Day Cancellation in Vascular Surgery: 10-Year Review at a Large Tertiary Care Center.

Abstract Background Same-day cancellation of vascular surgical procedures is an undesirable occurrence with multi-faceted implications into patient’s healthcare. Numerous factors play a role in same-day cancellations, ranging from medical causes, patient factors, or administrative and scheduling conflicts. Methods A retrospective review of the medical records database at our large, tertiary academic referral center from 2007-2017 was performed to identify patients scheduled for vascular surgical procedures who experienced same-day cancellation. Results Of the 17,887 scheduled vascular surgical procedures during the study period, 361 (2%) of patients experienced same-day cancellations. Seventy-five percent of cancellations were determined to be non-foreseeable, 12.5% foreseeable, and 12.5% indeterminate. The most common reasons for cancellation were medical (55%), patient initiated cancellation (12%), procedure no longer required (10%), and administrative or scheduling conflicts (10%). Twenty-six (7.3%) patients, died within 30 days following their cancelled vascular operation. The majority of patients (70%) eventually received the planned operation, with a mean interval of 45.5 ± 135.8 days between cancellation and performance of said procedure. Conclusions At our institution, same-day cancellations of vascular surgical procedures were infrequent (2%). Most cancellations were due to medical reasons. While the majority of cancellations were determined to be non-foreseeable, emphasizing foreseeable cancellations may provide opportunities to improve patient care, enhance satisfaction, and reduce future cancellations.
Directed energy phased array for space exploration: 1064nm amplifier design and characterization

We evaluate the performance of a 10 W CW Ytterbium doped fiber amplifier system operating at 1064 nm suitable for use in a laser phased array directed energy system. The amplifier is optimized for use in a beacon based phased array topology.
Eating behaviours related to psychological stress are associated with functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea in exercising women.

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) can occur due to the independent or combined effects of psychogenic and energetic stressors. In exercising women, research has primarily focused on energy ...
Aging Impairs Mitochondrial Function and Mitophagy and Elevates Interleukin 6 Within the Cerebral Vasculature

Background The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is critical for cerebrovascular health. Although aging impairs the integrity of the BBB, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not clear. As mitochondri...
A culture-independent approach to understanding the role of soil fungal communities in Bromus tectorum stand failure.

Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) is an invasive annual grass that has colonized large portions of the Intermountain Western United States. Cheatgrass stand failures have been observed throughout the invaded region, the cause of which may be related to the presence of several species of pathogenic fungi in the soil or surface litter. In this metagenomic study, we compared the fungal communities between sites that have and have not experienced stand failure. Samples were taken from the soil and surface litter near Winnemucca, Nevada and in Skull Valley, Utah. Our results show distinct fungal communities associated with stand failure based on both geography and sample type. In both the Winnemucca and Skull Valley surface litter, there was an elevated abundance of the endophyte Ramimonilia apicalis in samples that had experienced a stand failure. Winnemucca surface litter stand failure samples had increased abundance of a potential pathogen in the genus Comoclathris. Skull Valley surface litter stand failure samples had increased abundance of the known cheatgrass pathogen Clarireedia capillus-albis while the soils had increased abundance of potential pathogens in the genera Olpidium and Monosporascus.
The Utility of Imaging Parameters in Predicting Long-Term Clinical Improvement After Shunt Surgery in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Objective It is difficult to predict which patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) will improve after shunt surgery. This study investigated the association between preoperative imaging parameters in patients with iNPH and long-term outcome after shunt placement. Methods Patients with iNPH who showed a response to large-volume cerebrospinal fluid drainage and subsequently underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery were reviewed. Long-term patient-reported outcomes were obtained by telephone interview. Preoperative computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively reviewed to determine associations between imaging parameters and clinical outcome. Results The final analysis included 37 patients. The median duration between shunt surgery and telephone interview was 30 months (range, 12–56 months). Gait improvement after shunting was present more often in patients without focally dilated sulci (95% vs. 71%, P = 0.04), but a statistically significant relationship was not established after logistic regression. Patients with cognitive improvement after shunting had a higher preoperative Evans index (mean 0.41 vs. 0.36, P Conclusions Higher Evans index is a predictor of long-term cognitive improvement after shunt placement; however, no cutoff value demonstrates sufficient accuracy for the selection of shunt candidates. None of the evaluated imaging features was predictive of long-term gait or urinary improvement. The utility of imaging to predict a response to shunting is limited, and no imaging feature alone can be used to exclude patients from shunt surgery.
Life cycle energy and environmental impacts of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel production from pennycress

Abstract There is a growing interest in making the overall aviation industry more environmentally-friendly by developing advanced biofuels. In this context, the main driver is establishing feedstocks with lower environmental loads and higher energy use efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy requirement and environmental impacts of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel (HRJ) production from pennycress. The system boundary included pennycress production, logistics, oil extraction and conversion to HRJ, wastewater treatment, and electricity and steam generation. Energy allocation method was used for the analysis. The functional unit was considered to be one GJ of HRJ, and the biorefinery size was considered to be 18.9 million l/yr (5 million gal/yr) HRJ. Energy use efficiency of pennycress-based HRJ production was estimated to be 3.9–5.5 (90% central range), which was higher than that of HRJ from other oilseeds, such as canola. Global warming potential of pennycress-based HRJ (35–49 kgCO2eq/GJ of HRJ (90% central range)) was also lower than those of HRJ from similar oilseeds and the commercial jet fuel baseline. Pennycress production was the main contributor to the total energy use and environmental impacts of HRJ production, mainly due to the use of nitrogen fertilizer for production, and fuel combustion for farm operations. Pennycress yield was identified as the most sensitive parameter affecting the energy use efficiency and environmental impacts of HRJ production. The outcomes of this study are useful for identifying the performance targets towards improving energy use efficiency and environmental performance of pennycress-based HRJ production at the commercial scale.
Firm growth and the pricing of discretionary accruals

This paper examines how firm growth conditions the pricing of discretionary accruals. Given the rich growth opportunities and high information asymmetry in high-growth firms, we expect that managers have incentives to use discretionary accruals, especially income increasing (positive) discretionary accruals, to signal favorable private information to external investors. Our empirical tests reveal that overall there is no significant difference in the pricing of discretionary accruals between high-growth and low-growth firms. However, consistent with our expectations, we find that in high-growth firms compared to low-growth firms, positive discretionary accruals are priced to a greater extent, while negative discretionary accruals are priced to a smaller extent. Additional tests show that positive discretionary accruals have a relatively greater association with future firm performance in high-growth firms. Finally, we find that the pricing of positive discretionary accruals in high-growth firms is predominantly in those firms with high levels of information asymmetry.
Sunscreens and Photoaging: A Review of Current Literature

Sunscreens have been on the market for many decades as a means of protection against ultraviolet-induced erythema. Over the years, evidence has also shown their efficacy in the prevention of photoaging, dyspigmentation, DNA damage, and photocarcinogenesis. In the USA, most broad-spectrum sunscreens provide protection against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and short-wavelength ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. Evidence suggests that visible light and infrared light may play a role in photoaging and should be considered when choosing a sunscreen. Currently, there is a paucity of US FDA-approved filters that provide protection against long UVA (> 370 nm) and none against visible light. Additionally, various sunscreen additives such as antioxidants and photolyases have also been reported to protect against and possibly reverse signs of photoaging. This literature review evaluates the utility of sunscreen in protecting against photoaging and further explores the requirements for an ideal sunscreen.
Simulating Optical Field Mode Profiles using Artificial Neural Networks for use in Open Source Eigenmode Expansion

We use artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the electromagnetic spatial modes of nanophotonic structures, and propose their use to accelerate eigenmode expansion (EME) simulations. A new intuitive open-source EME solver is presented.
Global Justice, Christology and Christian Ethics

Preface 1. The politics of salvation 2. Creation and evil 3. Kingdom of God 4. Christ 5. Spirit 6. Cross 7. Nature 8. Hope Index.
Disruption of Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the biochemistry of mitochondria and disruption of energy metabolism. Mitochondria is the most abundant cellular organelle. There can be as many as 10,000 mitochondria in a single cell and they can account for 10 to 20% of all cellular protein. They are small cellular organelles that are composed of an outer and inner membrane. The inner membrane is extensively folded, giving it a very large surface area. The primary function of mitochondria is the production of ATP, which is used in various cellular processes. As in all cells, oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria is primarily responsible for the generation of the ATP that is required as the energy source for most cellular functions. Therefore, neurons are very sensitive to the toxic actions of agents, which disrupt mitochondrial production of ATP. The classic inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, such as cyanide, sodium azide, and dinitrophenol, are all very toxic to neural tissue. These compounds kill animals by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in the central nervous system resulting in the disruption of nerve function and the cessation of breathing. This chapter discusses in detail the biochemistry of mitochondia and ATP production in the brain. The chapter also elaborates the inhibitors of mitochondrial functions.
Are the inhibitory effects of nicotine on erectile response in nonsmokers generalizable to long-term smokers? A reply.

Thank you for bringing to our attention your study examining the effects of smoking cessation on erectile functioning in men. Guay and colleagues [1] found no difference in erectile response during nicotine administration (via a 21-mg transdermal patch) compared to no nicotine administration (24 hours postcessation), while Harte and Meston [2] demonstrated that nonsmoking men exhibited significantly reduced physiological sexual arousal responses during nicotine gum ingestion compared to placebo. We are confident that isolated nicotine produced deleterious effects on genital responses in nonsmoking men; however, we agree with Gauy that projecting these findings to chronic smokers may have been premature, as it may be the case that these data do not extend to long-term smokers. However, before conclusions can be drawn, a number of other factors need to be examined. First, it is important to compare nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) with cigarettes in order to elucidate whether nicotine alone or other pharmacological constituents found within cigarettes are responsible for the observed deleterious effects on sexual arousal. However, without measuring the concentration of the drug in vivo, it is impossible to know if the absence of nicotineinduced impaired sexual arousal was because the actual plasma nicotine levels during erectile assessment throughout the duration of the NRT was significantly lower than when smoking ad lib. In fact, it has been documented that the nicotine patch does not enable one to reach nicotine plasma levels of heavy smokers [3]. Precise measurement of plasma nicotine or plasma cotinine (a by-product of nicotine) levels, in both cigarette smoking and the NRT phases, would enable a balanced comparison between these two nicotine delivery methods, allowing one to more accurately determine if nicotine alone is primarily responsible for inhibited sexual arousal. Second, the timing of assessment of physiological sexual arousal with respect to drug delivery is quite important because of the differing pharmacokinetics of nicotine cigarettes and the nicotine transdermal patch. That is, cigarettes reach peak within 5–10 minutes [4], whereas the 21-mg patch
Recent Subsidence of the Northern Suez Canal

In contrast to a recent interpretation of delta coast stability1, we now show that the northeastern Nile delta in Egypt has been actively sinking relative to the sea during the recent Holocene epoch. The northern Nile delta is only about 1 m above sea level, making the northern Suez Canal and coastal cities of Port Said and Port Fuad (combined population nearly 500,000) highly vulnerable. Subsidence and world sea-level rises contribute to coastal erosion, incursion of salt in the groundwater underlying the delta plain, and silting problems in the canal entrances2. These processes must be considered when implementing protection measures for this area.
Structural changes associated with the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin. I. The N-terminal amino acid residue and amino acid composition of the pepsin inhibitor.

Abstract 1. 1. The inhibitor of pepsin, found in the activation mixture of pepsinogen, has been isolated with the aid of ion exchange columns. 2. 2. A DNP-end group analysis revealed the presence of only one terminal residue which was identified as leucine. 3. 3. A complete analysis of the amino acids in the inhibitor was obtained using chromatography on the ion exchange resin Dowex-50-X4. 4. 4. The molecular weight of the inhibitor calculated from the DNP leucine content of the inhibitor and from the summation of the amino acid residues led to values of 3100 and 3242 respectively.
Chaotic Disturbance Rejection and Bode Limitation

This Paper deals with disturbance rejection, when the external disturbance signal is a chaotic process. We measure the amount of chaos by the Kolmogorov-Simai entropy. The natural question is the extent to which the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy is reduced by means of a feedback. This answer is that it is not possible to reduce the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy by linear, stationary feedback if the open loop system is stable. In general, the Shannon entropy rate can't be decreased because of the Bode limitation.
Biofeedback and Physiological Patterning in Human Emotion and Consciousness

Although we do not usually think about it. we are continually self-regulating complex patterns of neurophysiological processes in our dynamic commerce with the external environment (Schwartz, 1975). Until very recently this fact was virtually ignored by scientists and laymen alike. A major reason for the failure to recognize and appreciate the self-regulation of patterns of brain processes is that the very brain processes involved in patterned neural self-regulation are normally unobservable and not available to direct conscious experience (Schwartz, 1977a). The development of biofeedback procedures for patterns of electrocortical activity serves the important function of bringing these unconscious neural processes, albeit indirectly, into human awareness. Furthermore, pattern biofeedback procedures make it possible for researchers to now manipulate patterns of brain processes differentially as a method for exploring their functional relationship to human experience and behavior.