cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Do Feminists Believe

When a woman says “I am a feminist” what does she mean? What do other people think she means? We asked 71 women to complete the Feminist Perspectives Scale (Henley, Meng, O'Brien, McCarthy, & Sockloskie, 1998) from their own perspective and from the perspective of a “typical feminist.” Women who self-identified as feminists had stronger beliefs than those who did not on all feminist perspectives except cultural feminism. Both groups believed that a typical feminist held stronger radical, socialist, and cultural feminist beliefs than they themselves did, although the discrepancies were greater for nonfeminists. Nonfeminists viewed a typical feminist as endorsing stronger cultural feminist views than did feminists. Our results indicate that feminist self-identity is related to endorsement of feminist ideologies, and that both feminists and nonfeminists think that a typical feminist is more extreme than they are. The results also suggest that cultural feminism is a contested ideology; it is not endorsed by f...
Analysis of predator–prey models with continuous threshold harvesting

Abstract We formulate an alternative form of threshold harvesting and investigate its properties within the framework of a predator–prey model. Our formulation accounts for economic constraints and is defined as a continuous harvesting function of the predator species. Theoretical and numerical analysis indicate that our formulation, which we call continuous threshold policy (CTP), can help improve undesirable behavior of the predator–prey ecosystem. Our study includes uniform boundedness of solutions, stability of equilibria and periodic orbits, bifurcations, and heteroclinic orbits.
Influence of N2/Ar gas mixture ratio and annealing on optical properties of SiCBN thin films prepared by rf sputtering

Abstract Optical properties of amorphous thin films of silicon carbon boron nitride (Si–C–B–N) obtained by reactive sputtering has been studied. Compositional variations were obtained by changing the nitrogen and argon gas mixture ratio in the sputtering ambient. The effect of gas ratios and annealing on the optical properties was investigated. It was found that the transmittance of the films increases with nitrogen incorporation. Annealing at higher temperatures leads to considerable increase in transmittance. Optical energy gap (Tauc gap) calculated from absorption data is influenced by annealing temperatures and reactive process gas mixture. Changes in optical properties were correlated to the chemical modifications in the films due to annealing, through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Studies reveal that the carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the films are highly sensitive to temperature. Annealing at higher temperatures leads to broken C–N bonds which results in the loss of C and N in the films. This is believed to be the primary cause for variations in optical properties of the films.
Use of a tin antimony alloy-filled porous carbon nanofiber composite as an anode in sodium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion battery is currently the dominant energy storage technology for electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, the predictable rising cost of lithium raw materials has attracted increasing interest in less expensive rivals, such as sodium-ion battery. In this work, a tin antimony (SnSb) alloy-filled porous carbon nanofiber composite was prepared as a sodium-ion battery anode material by a simple electrospinning method with subsequent thermal treatment. The spinning solution contained antimony tin oxide nanoparticles as the SnSb alloy precursor, polyacrylonitrile as the carbon precursor, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the pore generator. The resultant SnSb@C nanofiber composite formed a continuous conductive network, which was favorable for enhancing its electrochemical performance. The presence of the SnSb alloy significantly increased the energy storage capacity of the composite due to its high theoretical capacity. The porous structure created by the decomposition of the PMMA polymer provided a free space to buffer the volume change of the SnSb alloy during the sodiation–desodiation process. The resultant SnSb@C nanofiber composite exhibited high capacity and a stable rate capability, and it was demonstrated to be a promising anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries.
An Aldersonian explanation of twenty‐first century “mass customization”

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate four of Alderson's key concepts to show how they explain mass customization and extend traditional consumer goods classifications. The four concepts are: heterogeneous markets, transvections, the principle of postponement, and routinized transactions.Design/methodology/approach – In this exploratory paper, Alderson's main concepts are compared and contrasted with today's marketing phenomena and are used for updating traditional consumer goods categorizations.Findings – The main concepts of Aldersonian theory discussed in the paper – heterogeneous markets, transvections, postponement and routinized transactions – are a remarkably good fit with today's “mass customization” and logically lead to an enhanced of definition of consumer goods classifications.Research limitations/implications – This is a conceptual paper meant to emphasize the apparent explanatory power of Alderson's concepts to today's marketing phenomena. Formal propositions have not been devel...
TREE-BASED REGRESSION FOR A CIRCULAR RESPONSE

The application of conventional statistical methods to directional data generally produces erroneous results. Various regression models for a circular response have been presented in the literature, however these are unsatisfactory either in the limited relationships that can be modeled, or the limitations on the number or type of covariates admissible. One difficulty with circular regression is devising a meaningful regression function. This problem is exacerbated when trying to incorporate both linear and circular variables as covariates. Due to these complexities, circular regression is ripe for exploration via tree-based methods, in which a formal regression function is not needed, but where insight into the general structure and relationship between predictors and the response may be obtained. A basic framework for regression trees, predicting a circular response from a combination of circular and linear predictors, will be presented.
The Minnesota mathematics and science teaching project

Reports on recent activities of the MINNEMAST Project—the only major effort at the present time whose primary goal is the production of a coordinated science and mathematics curriculum for K-9.
High-speed varifocal imaging with a tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction lens

Fluidic lenses allow for varifocal optical elements, but current approaches are limited by the speed at which focal length can be changed. Here we demonstrate the use of a tunable acoustic gradient (TAG) index of refraction lens as a fast varifocal element. The optical power of the TAG lens varies continuously, allowing for rapid selection and modification of the effective focal length at time scales of 1 μs and shorter. The wavefront curvature applied to the incident light is experimentally quantified as a function of time, and single-frame imaging is demonstrated. Results indicate that the TAG lens can successfully be employed to perform high-rate imaging at multiple locations.
Literate programming on a team project

We used literate programming on a team project to write a 33,000 line program for the Synthesizer Generator. The program, Penelope, was written using WEB, a tool designed for writing literate programs. Unlike other WEB programs, many of which have been written by WEB's developer or by individuals, Penelope was not intended to be published. We used WEB in the hope that both our team and its final product would benefit from the advantages often attributed to literate programming. The WEB source served as good internal documentation throughout development and maintenance, and it continues to document Penelope's design and implementation. Our experience also uncovered a number of problems with WEB.
Risk factors for suicidal ideation in a population of community-recruited female cocaine users.

Abstract Introduction Suicide, as the 11th leading cause of death in America, is a significant public health concern. Previous studies have shown that drug users are a population at especially high risk for suicidal ideation (SI). Although most people who think about killing themselves do not ultimately commit suicide, identifying those at risk for such thoughts is important. Methods In this analysis, data from a sample of 462 cocaine-using women (87% African American) recruited using street outreach methods for a National Institute on Drug Abuse–funded study were examined to identify risk factors for lifetime SI. Sociodemographic factors, adverse childhood experiences, sexual behaviors, psychiatric comorbidities, and drug abuse and dependence were examined as potential risk factors using both bivariate and logistic regression analysis. Results Fifty percent of the sample met at least one criterion for lifetime SI, and 32% of the sample reported a lifetime suicide attempt. In the final logistic regression model, childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse, rape after the age of 15 years, posttraumatic stress disorder, and number of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition , depression criteria met emerged as significant independent predictors of lifetime SI. Conclusion These findings identify important risk factors for SI among female substance abusers in community settings.
Metabolic White Matter Diseases and the Utility of MR Spectroscopy

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be useful as an adjuvant diagnostic tool to traditional MR imaging of the brain. MRS can provide both quantitative and qualitative information about white matter pathologic abnormality. It is important to interpret MRS in conjunction with other clinical factors including but not limited to additional diagnostic neuroimaging, history and physical examination findings, and genetics.
Levetiracetam monotherapy during pregnancy: a case series

The safety and efficacy of novel anticonvulsants during pregnancy in women with epilepsy are not well established. Although there are a variety of pregnancy registries accruing data on various outcomes, health care professionals managing women of childbearing age are interested in any information that may assist with clinical decisions. This case series summarizes the clinical outcomes of three women with epilepsy, all of whom took levetiracetam as monotherapy during pregnancy.
Evidence of horizontal transmission of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques

This retrospective study used sensitive immunohistochemical methods to detect Pneumocystis carinii infections in fixed lung tissues collected from 107 simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected and 10 noninfected rhesus macaques during a 4-year period. P. carinii were detected in 51% of 85 terminally ill SIV-infected macaques but in only 2 of 22 macaques killed at earlier stages of SIV infection. P. carinii were not detected in any SIV-infected macaques held in isolators or in uninfected controls. Infection rates varied significantly between rooms, and the percentage of clinically important P. carinii infections increased from 0 in the first 2 years to > 50% during the final year. Infections were centered on terminal airways in 59% of infected animals. These results challenge the assumption that P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) results primarily from reactivated latent infections and suggest instead that horizontal spread of infection is important in the epidemiology of PCP in immunosuppressed macaques.
Measuring the relative effectiveness of moment estimators as starting values in maximizing likelihoods

Abstract We consider the vexing computational problem of estimating the parameters of a mixtures of two normal distributions with equal variances using maximum likelihood estimation. As a partial solution we reconsider the strongly consistent moment estimators as starting values for the likelihood maximization algorithms. Using a technique based on the determinantal properties of certain matrices of moments one can solve the moment equations in a surprisingly straightforward manner. Finally, our simulation results indicate that the moment estimators compare favorably to the actual values of the parameters in terms of their effectiveness as starting values in maximizing mixture likelihoods.
Theoretical evaluation of InTlp, InTlAs, and InTlSb as long-wave infrared detectors

We have evaluated three III-V semiconductor alloys—In1−xTlxP (ITP), In1−xTlxAs (ITA), and In1−xTlxSb (ITS)—as possible candidates for future long-wave infrared (LWIR) detector materials. The cohesive energies, elastic constants, band structures, electron mobilities, and phase diagrams are calculated and are compared to those of Hg1−xCdxTe (MCT) alloys. The band gaps of all three III-V alloys change from negative to positive values as the alloy composition x decreases from 1 to 0. The x values for the 0.1-eV gap are estimated to be 0.67, 0.15, and 0.08, respectively, for ITP, ITA, and ITS. While both ITP and ITA form stable zincblende solid solutions for all alloy compositions, zincblende ITS is stable only for a range of x less than 0.15. The complication of the phase diagram in ITS is caused by the existence of a stable CsCl phase for pure TISb. The alloy mixing enthalpies for ITP and ITA are comparable to those in MCT, and their phase diagrams should be qualitatively similar, characterized by simple lensshape liquidus and solidus curves. Both ITP and ITA have considerably larger cohesive energies and elastic constants than those of MCT, indicating that they are structurally robust. At a 0.1-eV gap, the band structures near the gap and the electron mobilities in ITP, ITA, and ITS are also found to be comparable to those of MCT. Since the lattice constants of TIP and TIAs are less than 2% larger than the respective values in InP and InAs, the latter should provide natural substrates for the growth of active LWIR alloys and offer a potential to integrate the detector array and read-out circuit.
Substructural development in the hot tensile testing of type AISI 304 stainless steel

Abstract In the study reported in this paper we investigated the development of a dislocation substructure of type AISI 304 stainless steel during deformation in uniaxial tension at 650 °C and a nominal strain rate of 3.17 × 10−4 s−1. Transmission electron microscopy showed dislocation cell formation at an earlier stage (i.e. at a lower strain) than for creep at the same temperature and a decreasing cell size with increasing strain up to necking. The cell size affected the room temperature microhardness, which is consistent with earlier work, and is an important microstructural aspect determining the subsequent deformation behavior. A brief comparison of microstructures from hot hardness indentations and the present hot tensile specimens supports the validity of estimating tensile parameters from hardness data.
Electron spin resonance studies of free radicals derived from plastoquinone, α- and γ-tocopherol and their relation to free radicals observed in photosynthetic materials

Abstract Speculation has centered on the semiquinone of plastoquinone as the source of the light induced, broad, structured, slow-decaying free radical (Signal II) generated by O 2 -evolving photosynthetic systems. However, neither solution nor low-temperature spectra of plastosemiquinone, which appeared in the presence of KOH, showed substantial asymmetry, while Signal II is characteristically asymmetric. Two types of radicals were observed when α-tocopherol was treated with KOH. One of these radicals was identified as a semiquinone; another free radical was observed at a high power. At 77° K this radical and ones generated from α- and γ-tocopherol by ultraviolet irradiation gave lines which closely mimicked Signal II. We propose that these radicals are of the alkoxy-substituted phenoxy type, i.e., that they are chromanoxyl radicals. The consequences of the presence of these radicals for our present conception of photosynthesis is discussed, and it is proposed that Signal II is predominantly due to plastochromanoxyl free radical.
Hyperspectral target detection using sequential approach

This paper describes an automatic target detection algorithm based on the sequential multi-stage approach. Each stage of the algorithm uses more spectral bands than the previous stage. To ensure high probability of detection and low false alarm rate, Chebyshev's inequality test is applied. The sequential approach enables a significant reduction in computational time of a hyperspectral detection system. The Forest Radiance I database collected with the HYDICE hyperspectral sensor at the U.S. Army Proving Ground in Aberdeen, Maryland is utilized. Scenarios include targets in the open, with footprints of 1 m and different times of day. The total area coverage and the number of targets used in this evaluation are approximately 6 km2 and 126, respectively.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Developmentally sensitive cognitive behavioral therapy: guides from pedagogy.

From the The University of Akron College of Nursing, Akron, OH. Corresponding Author: Kathleen R. Tusaie, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, 201B Mary Gladwin Hall The University of Akron Akron, OH. E–mail address: ktusaie@uakron.edu. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 0883-9417/1801-0005$34.00/0 doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2011.08.004 C OGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) has been used effectively for decades with adults, and there is a growing body of evidence that CBT can also be effective with children and adolescents. The key to effective outcomes is modification in a developmentally sensitive manner. This is a broad and somewhat abstract term, but it implies the need to modify complex concepts of CBT to meet the developmental limitations of children and adolescents. CBT is appropriate for children and adolescents because like adults, they also make cognitive distortions and have skill deficits that maintain problems. Many children older than 10 years already have the abstract cognitive abilities to engage in CBT skills (Renyolds, Girling, Coker, & Eastwood, 2006). By 8 years old, most children can identify what they are thinking and report the contents of their thoughts. Although evaluation of ability to differentiate between thoughts, feelings, and actions may initially be lacking, developing this ability can become part of the treatment process. For most adolescents, mild to moderate modifications will need to be made.
Electrothermal oscillator for film-thickness monitoring

Abstract This paper reports a micromachined sensor for the direct in situ monitoring of polymer film thickness in plasma-etching systems. An electrothermal oscillator measures the thermal mass change as polymer builds up on a stress-compensated dielectric window containing metal-film heating and sensing resistors. The change in the thermal mass of the window can be detected as a variation in the pulse width (cooling time) of the oscillation. The device operates with a typical cooling time of 2.7 ms, which agrees well with SPICE simulations, and has a measurement resolution of
A genetic approach to the generation of antibodies with enhanced catalytic activities.

Abstract A hydrolytic catalytic antibody, generated against a nitrophenyl phosphonate transition state analogue, has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli for use as a model system to demonstrate the feasibility of using genetic selections to enhance catalytic activity. Conditions were found that permit the secretion of active recombinant antibody into the periplasm of a strain of E. coli deficient in the biotin biosynthetic genes (delta bio-gal). A number of substrates were synthesized that, upon hydrolysis by the antibody, yield free biotin, which is required for cell growth. The substrates and selections can be used to identify mutants of the antibody with altered activities. This approach should be generalizable to a wide number of hydrolytic reactions including the selective cleavage of peptide, polysaccharide, phosphodiester, and ester bonds.
ON THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE BAUMOL‐TOBIN AND MILLER‐ORR OPTIMAL CASH BALANCE MODELS

In this note, the author identifies a correspondence relationship between the Baumol-Tobin (BT) and Miller-Orr (MO) optimal cash balance frameworks and specifies the conditions under which both models imply the same level of optimal cash balances. Realistic applications of these models will concern net cash flows that exhibit behavior somewhere between the two extremes of BT entirely deterministic and MO completely random. The author demonstrates that if the correspondence relationship is satisfied, either the BT or the MO cash balance model can be employed since both models imply the same result. One conjecture open for empirical verification is that cash balance models perform more (less) adequately for groups of firms that satisfy (violate) the correspondence relationship.
Aerosol measurement by laser doppler spectroscopy—I. Theory and experimental results for aerosols homogeneous

Abstract The basic theory, experimental techniques and results are presented describing a technique for sizing aerosol particles in situ using laser Doppler spectroscopy. Unlike conventional light scattering procedures which use average intensity information, this technique utilizes the Doppler shifted frequency of the scattered light produced by the Brownian motion of the aerosol particles to determine particle diffusion coefficients and size. Experiments were carried out using monodisperse dibutylpthalate aerosols and monodisperse polystyrene latex spheres, in concentrations ranging from 10 3 to 10 6 particles per cubic centimeter. Measured particle sizes were within 10 per cent of the size predicted by conventional light scattering methods for the DBP particles and the reported sizes of the PSL particles. Based on these results it is concluded that laser Doppler spectroscopy can be utilized to accurately measure aerosol particle size in situ .
Photocatalytic Water Oxidation Using Manganese Compounds Immobilized in Nafion Polymer Membranes.

Robust water oxidation catalysts using earth abundant metals are required as part of an overall scheme to convert sunlight into fuels. Here, we report the immobilization of [Mn4IVO5(terpy)4(H2O)2](ClO4)6 (terpy = 2,2′;6′,2′′-terpyridine), [Mn4O6(tacn)4](ClO4)4 (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane), and manganese dioxide nanoparticles in Nafion on fluorine-doped tin oxide conducting glass electrodes. The electrodes are illuminated with white light in the presence of an applied potential and the resulting photocurrent is assigned to the oxidation of solvent water. Photodecomposition of the tetrameric complexes results in a material that is more active for light-driven electrooxidation of water. The reactivity, wavelength dependence, and stability of the compounds in Nafion under illumination are discussed.
Implications of lithospheric bending and faulting in lunar mare-terra tectonics

A qualitative model of lithospheric flexure and faulting is proposed which accounts for certain rille fault features around mare regions of the moon. It is suggested that the subsidence of lunar mare basins may be due to the existence of their mascons and their volcanic fills as loads that flexed the lithosphere, in addition to the effects of drying up and cooling of internal hot volumes. Differences in the internal attack against the lunar crust from above and below the mean surface are considered. The rille formation is shown to be characterized by peripheral bulging and bending, and it is suggested that asthenosphere-related effects in lunar tectonics may have been very important.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the Toledo isolate of turnip ringspot virus

The complete genomic sequence of the Toledo isolate of the comovirus, turnip ringspot virus (TuRSV), was found to consist of 2 polyadenylated RNAs. RNA 1 is 6082 nucleotides long and encodes a single predicted polypeptide of 1860 amino acids. The predicted RNA 1 polyprotein contains the polypeptides for viral replication and proteolytic processing. RNA 2, that is 3985 nucleotides long, codes for a single predicted 1095 amino acid polypeptide containing the movement and coat proteins. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that TuRSV is most closely related to radish mosaic virus, and these crucifer-infecting pathogens form a distinct clade within the comoviruses.
Finite Element Stress Analysis OF ITER Module 13

Of the 18 module designs in ITER, the US is responsible for three. Each of these modules will be designed to meet requirements established by the ITER international organization (ITER IO). Finite element analysis (FEA) is being utilized to ensure that the module designs are in compliance with the strength requirements established by ITER IO. The strength requirements are defined in terms of maximum allowable stress and strain conditions under loading scenarios determined by ITER IO. These allowable conditions are based on material properties and the expected frequency of the specific loading condition being investigated. This paper presents the FEA approach applied to the design of Module 13. The thermally induced stress distributions caused by ITER operating conditions and internal pressure of cooling fluid were presented. Stresses caused by electromagnetic forces on the module were also presented if available. The stress levels under these conditions were compared to the allowable limits defined by the ITER IO.
Decision Making for Cancer Clinical Trial Participation: A Systematic Review

Purpose/objectives To describe what is known about the factors that influence cancer clinical trial decision making. Data sources PubMed database and reference lists of identified articles. Data synthesis Variations in research design and methods, including sample characteristics, instrumentation, time between decision made and measurement of decision making, and response rates, have effects on what is known about decision making for cancer clinical trial participation. Communication, whether in the form of education about a cancer clinical trial or as a personal invitation to join, is an important factor influencing decision making. Personal and system factors influence the outcomes of decision making for cancer clinical trials. Conclusions The process of decision making for cancer clinical trials is understudied. Nevertheless, the currently available cancer clinical trial decision-making literature suggests a multitude of factors that influence the outcomes of the decision to accept or decline clinical trial participation, as well as the psychosocial consequences of decisional regret, pressures, and satisfaction. Implications for nursing The decision-making process of cancer clinical trials is a fertile area for research and, subsequently, evidence-based interventions. Oncology nurses are in a position to facilitate the process and to relieve the pressures patients perceive regarding decision making for cancer clinical trials that will benefit individuals and, ultimately, society.
Molecular dynamics study of the structure and dynamics of network glasses

Structure and dynamics of binary SiO 2 , GeSe 2 and SiSe 2 , and ternary Ag/Ge/Se chalcogenide glasses are studied using the molecular dynamics (MD) method. Effective potentials consisting of two-body (steric repulsion, Coulomb interactions due to charge transfer, and charge-dipole interaction due to large electronic polarizability of anions) and three-body covalent interactions are proposed for chalcogenide glasses. Using these. MD simulations are performed to study short range order, intermediate range order manifested as the first sharp diffractions peak (FSDP), the vibrational density of states, and the participation ratios. MD results are compared with X-ray and neutron experiments
A forward and backward linkage agricultural production simulation model

The paper illustrates the use of a forward and backward linkage agricultural production simulation model. CHICKSIM III is a comprehensive, farm-level, and stochastic capital budgeting simulation model which provides an analytical framework for simulating probable consequences of production, marketing, financial, and policy variables on the profitability of a farm or agribusiness firm. The model is applied to evaluate the profitability of a representative farm producing broiler, beef, corn, and kenaf.
Five Laws of Politics

Drawing on more than 500 elections from around the world, this article presents five empirical laws of politics. Four of these laws span democracies and dictatorships, and one sets a boundary between the two. In both regimes the governing party or coalition represents a minority of the electorate. In democracies this minority usually represents a plurality that amounts to about one third of the electorate. Judging by the outcome of the first free elections in regimes undergoing a transition, there is reason to believe that in dictatorships the minority is much smaller. Even as they have an advantage over the opposition, the incumbents experience an erosion of support over time. In democracies this leads to alternation in office, which in turn ensures that across many elections about two-thirds of the electorate gets to see its favorite party or coalition in government from time to time. In dictatorships, during long periods in office, support for the ruling party shrinks to insignificance. Also in democracies, it is rare for incumbents to receive more than 60 percent of the vote, and it never happens twice within the same spell in government. This appears to be a reliable indicator that differentiates all democracies from most dictatorships. The conclusion is inescapable—the dictatorial “passion for unanimity” and illusion of “organic unity” notwithstanding, the state is a plurality. The will of the electorate emerges as a result of competition among political parties.
A survey of the current state of business policy research

This paper is an analysis and evaluation of a cross-section of current research in the policy area. The data used as representative of current policy research are the 51 papers submitted for possible presentation at the 1979 Business Policy and Planning Division Meeting in Atlanta, and the evaluations of these papers by blind reviewers. The areas covered by the papers are compared to the recommendations found in Schendel and Hofer (1979). The research methodologies used are also enumerated. The quality of the papers, as perceived by the blind reviewers, is presented by category—conceptual, empirical, and teaching.
Advanced manufacturing technology: Implementation policy and performance

Abstract This article investigates the relationships between adoption of various advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT), the way that firms plan for and implement them, and their eventual performance. Data obtained from 125 manufacturing firms in the U.S. is used to test several hypotheses which were derived from an extensive review of the AMT implementation literature. The four research questions that drive this study are: (1) What types of planning and installation activities have firms utilized to support their AMT adoptions?, (2) do differences in the level of effort applied to these activities have any impact on the eventual performance of the systems?, (3) are firms that are using integrated technologies, such as FMC/FMS and CIM, applying higher levels of effort on these planning and installation activities than other firms?, and (4) Are these firms achieving higher levels of success than firms that are not using the integrated technologies. The results indicate that firms adopting integrated technologies had exerted significantly higher levels of effort on strategic planning and team-based project management and had also achieved higher levels of performance across a wider range of performance factors than other firms. In addition, firms that had exerted higher levels of effort on developing human factors appeared to be achieving more of the benefits of AMT than their counterparts. The overall results and the research and practical implications of this study are discussed.
The Organizational Differentiation of Students in Schools as an Opportunity Structure

A large part of the sociological research on educational processes in the last twenty years has been concerned with “educational opportunities” Increasing and equalizing opportunities have been goals used to justify much educational policy making and educational research. The title of the research report that marked the beginning of modern large-scale quantitative sociological research on education—Equality of Educational Opportunity (Coleman et al., 1966)—contains the three most frequently found words in research proposals and research reports by sociologists in the two decades since then.
Adipose Fatty Acid Composition and Rate of Incorporation of α-Linolenic Acid Differ between Normal and Lipoprotein Lipase-Deficient Cats

Normal adiposity occurs in humans and mice deficient of adipose lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Subnormal adiposity found in LPL-deficient cats is indicative of limited de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs). In 14 LPL-deficient (3.0 6 0.1 kg) and 8 normal (3.7 6 0.1 kg) queens, FAs in triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipid (PL), and nonesterified FAs (NEFAs) of plasma and inguinal subcutaneous adipose were determined before and after (d 38, 61, 110, 117, and 251) dietary linseed oil supplementation (30 g/kg). By d 60, LPL-deficient queens gained body weight (10.4 6 0.1 kg), developed normal body fat mass (25 62%), and were enriched in 18:3(n-3) in their plasma and adipose lipids. Adipose TAG 18:3(n-3) enrichment in LPL-deficient queens was subnormal at all sampling times and, as observed in normal queens, apparently not equilibrated by d 251. Adipose FA profiles in TAG but not PL were substantially different (P , 0.05) between LPL-deficient and normal queens; the 16:0 to 18:2(n-6) ratio was high in LPL-deficient (2.4‐4.4) relative to normal queens (1.0‐1.4). In LPL-deficient queens, fed-state plasma NEFA (n-6) and (n-3) enrichments were similar to those in adipose TAG, and plasma NEFA concentration was high (0.62 6 0.05 mmol/L) and similar to that in normal queens after withholding diet for 16 h. These data indicate that LPL deficiency in cats reduces dietary FA storage efficiency, favors storage of saturated over unsaturated FAs, and stimulates de novo FA synthesis substantive enough to support normal adiposity. J. Nutr. 136: 2980‐2986, 2006.
Adverse effects of smoking on postoperative outcomes in cancer patients.

Background The possible negative effects of smoking on postoperative outcomes have not been well studied in cancer patients.
A comprehensive proteomic analysis of the accessory sex gland fluid from mature Holstein bulls

The expression of proteins in accessory sex gland fluid (AGF) of proven, high use mature Holstein bulls was evaluated. Thirty-seven bulls with documented fertility based on their non-return rates were studied. AGF was obtained by artificial vagina after bulls were surgically equipped with cannulae in the vasa deferentia. Samples of AGF were evaluated by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE, gels stained with Coomassie blue and polypeptide maps analyzed by PDQuest software. A master gel generated by the software representing the best pattern of spots in the AGF polypeptide maps was used as a reference for protein identification. Proteins were identified by Western blots and capillary liquid chromatography–nanoelectrospray ionization tandem-mass spectrometry (CapLC–MS/MS). The product ion spectra were processed using Protein Lynx Global Server 2.1 prior to database search with both PLGS and MASCOT (Matrix Science) software. The entire NCBI database was considered for mass fingerprint matching. An average of 52 ± 5 spots was detected in the AGF 2D gels, which corresponded to proteins potentially involved in capacitation (bovine seminal plasma protein—BSP-A1/A2 and A3, BSP 30 kDa, albumin); sperm membrane protection, prevention of oxidative stress, complement-mediated sperm destruction and anti-microbial activity (albumin, clusterin, acidic seminal fluid protein—aSFP, 5 � -nucleotidase—5 � -NT, phospholipase A2—PLA2); acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte interaction (PLA2, osteopontin); interaction with the extracellular matrix (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, clusterin) and sperm motility (aSFP, spermadhesin Z13, 5 � -NT). The 20 spots distinguished in all gels were matched to proteins associated with these functions. Proteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry as ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 5 and nucleobindin, never described before in the accessory sex gland secretions, were also detected. In summary, we identified a diverse range of components in the
Magnetic resonance imaging of the anterior radiocarpal ligaments

Magnetic resonance imaging was applied to eight cadaver wrists to evaluate the efficacy of imaging the anterior radiocarpal ligaments. In order to verify a correlation between the magnetic resonance images and anatomic structures, ancillary studies using gadolinium-DTPA ligamentography and gross sectioning of the specimens were performed. The ligaments targeted for evaluation were the radioscaphocapitate, long radiolunate, and short radiolunate ligaments. The highest resolution images were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner and a surface coil applied to the wrist region, and producing T1-weighted images, with 3 mm thick sections with an 8 cm field of view. The radioscaphocapitate, long radiolunate, and short radiolunate ligaments were most consistently identified in sagittal planes, however they were also identified in coronal planes. The radioscapholunate ligament and the interosseous ligaments between the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum were most consistently identified in coronal planes. Transaxial planes provided consistently inferior views, and should be reserved for imaging of the flexor and extensor retinaculae.
Prostate Cancer: An Evolving Paradigm

Since at least the early 1990s, stage and risk migration have been seen in patients with prostate cancer, likely corresponding to the institution of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening in health systems. Preoperative risk factors, including PSA level and clinical stage, have decreased significantly. These improved prognostic variables have led to a larger portion of men being stratified with low-risk disease, as per the classification of D'Amico and associates. This, in turn, has corresponded with more favorable postoperative variables, including decreased extraprostatic tumor extension and prolonged biochemical-free recurrence rates. The advent of focal therapy is bolstered by findings of increased unilateral disease with decreased tumor volume. Increasingly, targeted or delayed therapies may be possible within the current era of lower risk disease.
A Simple Electrocardiographic Algorithm for Detecting Ventricular Tachycardia

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a simple ECG algorithm could be developed for predicting susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) as defined by sustained spontaneous or inducible VT. Two different QT dispersion algorithms were determined by the difference between the longest and shortest QT interval measured in three orthogonal leads (I, aVF, V1; QTD3), and at least 11 of 12 leads (QTD12) from the 12-lead ECG. These QT dispersion algorithms were investigated (with and without the QRS duration from the 12-lead ECG) and compared to the signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) in order to determine their sensitivity and specificity for detecting VT. Only patients who underwent SAECG and were referred for programmed electrical stimulation were included in this study. A positive SAECG was defined by filtered QRS duration > 114 ms, and/or low amplitude signal duration > 38 ms, and/or root mean square voltage in the last 40 ms of < 20 microV. Sixty patients were enrolled in this study with a mean age of 63 +/- 2 years. Fifty-five percent of the patients had coronary artery disease. A simple ECG algorithm consisting of the sum of QTD3 plus the QRS duration had a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 63%, respectively, wheras the SAECG had a sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 63%, respectively (P = 0.022). We conclude that a simple ECG algorithm is more sensitive than the SAECG for predicting VT. This algorithm combines two easily measured variables obtained from the 12-lead ECG, and can easily be performed without expensive computer equipment.
Fluctuation contribution to flux-flow conductivity

Abstract We find the leading corrections to the flux-flow conductivity due to fluctuations of the order parameter for magnetic field and temperature below the superconducting phase transition. These corrections are of the same order of magnitude, but opposite in sign, to those found above the transition.
Cross polarization of lateral waves propagating along a free-space–chiral planar interface: applications to identification of optically active materials

Biological and chemical materials can be detected, identified, and characterized through their optical activity: optical rotation and circular dichroism. The optical activity of chiral materials leaves their footprints on the elements of the two off-diagonal quadrants of the Mueller matrices, which are proportional to the cross-linearly polarized reflection and transmission coefficients. At the free-space–chiral interface, lateral waves that propagate just below the interface are excited by waves that enter and emerge from the chiral material at the critical angle for total internal reflection. As the waves enter and emerge from the chiral material, the transmitted waves also undergo cross polarization. In the neighborhood of the critical angle, the cross-polarized transmission coefficients are relatively large, and they also exhibit the impact of the optical activity of the material. Therefore, the lateral waves can also be used to identify optically active materials.
Current-in-Plane Giant Magnetoresistance Sensor Using a Thin Cu Spacer and Dual Nano-Oxide Layers With a ${\rm DR}$ Greater Than $20$ Ohms/sq.

The magnetoresistance (MR) of the current-in-plane spin-valve, which is currently utilized as the readback sensor in the majority of hard disk drives, has reached a maximum MR of DR/Rmin.~20% and DRsheet~4 Omega/sq. A new sensor film stack will be introduced here that utilizes a trilayer (CoFe\Cu\CoFe) where the Cu interlayer is very thin (~10 Aring) to enhance the MR and where the Cu thickness is chosen such that the ferromagnetic Neel coupling and the antiferromagnetic Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) coupling between the CoFe layers partially cancel one another, to maximize the sensitivity. By changing the Cu interlayer thickness, the overall interlayer coupling was adjusted from about -0.05 erg/cm2 to -0.4 erg/cm2 while keeping the MR large. Nano-oxide layers (NOLs) are also incorporated below and above the trilayer sensor to enhance the MR. An example of this sensor is NiFeCr 20 Aring/CoFeO 10 Aring/CoFe 15 Aring/Cu 10.5 Aring/CoFe 15 Aring/AlO 30 Aring and will be referred to as CIP-3L. With the combination of the thin Cu spacer, the NOLs and minimal additional layers to shunt the current around the trilayer sensor (no antiferromagnetic material and no pinned layers), as deposited sheet films with an MR of DR/R >25% and DR/sq. >20 Omega/sq. were achieved. This paper shows the optimization of the sensor stack, such as film thicknesses, NOL material, and oxidation process, the adjustability of the interlayer exchange coupling between the CoFe layers and also shows the repeatability of the sensor deposition
Adipophilin regulates maturation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and alveolae in differentiating mammary glands

Milk lipids originate by secretion of triglyceride-rich cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) from mammary epithelial cells. Adipophilin (ADPH)/Plin2, a member of the perilipin family of CLD binding proteins, is hypothesized to regulate CLD production in these cells during differentiation of the mammary gland into a secretory organ. We tested this hypothesis by comparing CLD accumulation in differentiating mammary glands of wild-type and ADPH-deficient mice. ADPH deficiency did not prevent CLD formation; however, it disrupted the increase in CLD size that normally occurs in differentiating mammary epithelial cells. Failure to form large CLDs in ADPH-deficient mice correlated with localization of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) to the CLD surface, suggesting that ADPH promotes CLD growth by inhibiting lipolytic activity. Significantly, mammary alveoli also failed to mature in ADPH-deficient mice, and pups born to these mice failed to survive. The possibility that CLD accumulation and alveolar maturation defects in ADPH-deficient mice are functionally related was tested by in vivo rescue experiments. Transduction of mammary glands of pregnant ADPH-deficient mice with adenovirus encoding ADPH as an N-terminal GFP fusion protein prevented ATGL from localizing to CLDs and rescued CLD size and alveolar maturation defects. Collectively, these data provide direct in vivo evidence that ADPH inhibition of ATGL-dependent lipolysis is required for normal CLD accumulation and alveolar maturation during mammary gland differentiation. We speculate that impairing CLD accumulation interferes with alveolar maturation and lactation by disrupting triglyceride homeostasis in mammary epithelial cells.
Effects of hunger and season on the feeding behavior of Calanus pacificus1

Clearance rates were determined for starved and previously fed fernales of Calanus pacificus grazing on single sizes and mixtures of sizes of unicellular diatoms. Starved females fed at higher rates than previously fed animals, even at low food concentrations. In experiments with starved Calanus grazing on mixtures of sizes of diatoms, clearance rates increased progressively with increasing cell size and the clearance rate on any cell size was independent of the relative availability of that size. However, starved Calanus removed diatoms of different sizes from the water at different relative efficiencies from continuously feeding females. Because C. pacificus females migrate vertically and are undoubtedly accustomed to a diurnal variation in the availability of food, experiments incorporating a period of starvation may reflect more accurately their feeding behavior in the field. The observations were made in several seasons and include strong seasonal changes in the maximum clearance rate which appear to be associated with the timing of the spring bloom of phytoplankton in the main basin of Puget Sound.
Electron-beam-semiconductor application to laser pulsing

A high-current electron-beam-semiconductor pulse amplifier was used to modulate an injection laser. Results show the capability of infrared output having faster rise time and shorter duration than can be obtained with commonly used types of pulse drivers.