cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adrenal suppression with aminoglutethimide. II. Differential effects of aminoglutethimide on plasma androstenedione and estrogen levels.

A regimen of adrenal suppression using aminoglutethimide in combination with hydrocortisone was developed as treatment of women with metastatic breast carcinoma. In order to determine the degree of suppression and the site or sites of estrogen blockade, we measured androstenedione, estrone, and estradiol plasma levels in castrate and non-castrate postmenopausal women with metastatic breast carcinoma during this therapy. During the initial 2 weeks of treatment, plasma androstenedione levels increased significantly from 570 ± 70 to 950 ± 160 pg/ml (P < .05) and then gradually fell to a nadir of 230 ± 50 pg/ml (P < .001) during chronic therapy with 40 mg of hydrocortisone and 1000 mg of aminoglutethimide. In contrast, estrone levels decreased abruptly with the initiation of therapy from basal levels of 43.7 ±11.2 pg/ml to 13.5 ± 1.6 pg/ml (P < .02) and during chronic drug administration to 9.3 ± 1.0 pg/ml (P < .001). Similarly, estradiol fell from 17.5 ± 4.1 to 5.5 ± 1.0 pg/ml (P < .01) initially and to 5.0 ...
Buspirone treatment of cannabis dependence: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of buspirone, a partial 5-HT1A agonist, for treatment of cannabis dependence. Methods One hundred seventy-five cannabis-dependent adults were randomized to receive either up to 60 mg/day of buspirone ( n = 88) or placebo ( n = 87) for 12 weeks combined with a brief motivational enhancement therapy intervention and contingency management to encourage study retention. Cannabis use outcomes were assessed via weekly urine cannabinoid tests. Results Participants in both groups reported reduced cannabis craving over the course of the study; however, buspirone provided no advantage over placebo in reducing cannabis use. Significant gender by treatment interactions were observed, with women randomized to buspirone having fewer negative urine cannabinoid tests than women randomized to placebo ( p = 0.007), and men randomized to buspirone having significantly lower creatinine adjusted cannabinoid levels as compared to those randomized to placebo ( p = 0.023). An evaluation of serotonin allelic variations did not find an association with buspirone treatment response. Conclusions Buspirone was not more efficacious than placebo in reducing cannabis use. Important gender differences were noted, with women having worse cannabis use outcomes with buspirone treatment. Considerations for future medication trials in this challenging population are discussed.
Absence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (Cftr) from myeloid-derived cells slows resolution of inflammation and infection

The absence or reduction of CFTR function causes CF and results in a pulmonary milieu characterized by bacterial colonization and unresolved inflammation. The ineffectiveness at controlling infection by species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggests defects in innate immunity. Macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs have all been shown to express CFTR mRNA but at low levels, raising the question of whether CFTR has a functional role in these cells. Bone marrow transplants between CF and non-CF mice suggest that these cells are inherently different; we confirm this observation using conditional inactivation of Cftr in myeloid-derived cells. Mice lacking Cftr in myeloid cells overtly appear indistinguishable from non-CF mice until challenged with bacteria instilled into the lungs and airways, at which point, they display survival and inflammatory profiles intermediate in severity as compared with CF mice. These studies demonstrate that Cftr is involved directly in myeloid cell function and imply that these cells contribute to the pathophysiological phenotype of the CF lung.
Glutathionylated Lipid Aldehydes Are Products of Adipocyte Oxidative Stress and Activators of Macrophage Inflammation

Obesity-induced insulin resistance has been linked to adipose tissue lipid aldehyde production and protein carbonylation. Trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is the most abundant lipid aldehyde in murine adipose tissue and is metabolized by glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4), producing glutathionyl-HNE (GS-HNE) and its metabolite glutathionyl-1,4-dihydroxynonene (GS-DHN). The objective of this study was to evaluate adipocyte production of GS-HNE and GS-DHN and their effect on macrophage inflammation. Compared with lean controls, GS-HNE and GS-DHN were more abundant in visceral adipose tissue of ob/ob mice and diet-induced obese, insulin-resistant mice. High glucose and oxidative stress induced production of GS-HNE and GS-DHN by 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a GSTA4-dependent manner, and both glutathionylated metabolites induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α from RAW 264.7 and primary peritoneal macrophages. Targeted microarray analysis revealed GS-HNE and GS-DHN induced expression of inflammatory genes, including C3, C4b, c-Fos, igtb2, Nfkb1, and Nos2. Transgenic overexpression of GSTA4 in mouse adipose tissue led to increased production of GS-HNE associated with higher fasting glucose levels and moderately impaired glucose tolerance. These results indicated adipocyte oxidative stress results in GSTA4-dependent production of proinflammatory glutathione metabolites, GS-HNE and GS-DHN, which may represent a novel mechanism by which adipocyte dysfunction results in tissue inflammation and insulin resistance.
Price behavior in a market with internet buyer's agents

Electronic markets are those in which transactions are carried out via information technology and telecommunications networks. A particularly exciting feature of electronic markets is the possibility of automating the search for price or other product information using an “agent” that retrieves the relevant information. The use of such agents has the potential to dramatically reduce buyers’ search costs. However, prior research suggests that making searches easier for the buyer may make the market less attractive for vendors.
Effect of neem seed extract on feeding, growth, survival, and reproduction of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

A commercially available neem seed extract, Neemix 4.5, containing 4.5% azadirachtin (AZA), was assessed for biological activity against the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), an important exotic insect pest of Florida citrus. Laboratory bioassays against neonatal and 3-wk-old larvae fed sliced carrot treated with Neemix produced dose-dependent larval mortality and reduced fresh weights among survivors of treatments. The weight response was greater than the mortality response for both larval age groups. Neonates treated with 45 mg/liter AZA weighed 60% less than those in the control after 4 wk. Three-week-old larvae treated with 45 mg/liter AZA weighed 30% less than those in the control after 5 wk. When neonates were exposed to insect diet incorporated with Neemix, reductions in larval survival and weight were observed at concentrations as low as 4.8 mg/liter AZA after 6 wk. Larval growth was inhibited by >97% with 42.9 mg/liter AZA in the diet. A soil drench containing 30 mg/liter AZA reduced the survival and weight gain of neonates added to potted citrus and provided protection to the roots in a greenhouse experiment. A concentration of 90 mg/liter AZA was required to provide protection of citrus roots against 4-wk-old larvae. Reproductive effects were observed when adult weevils were fed foliage treated with Neemix. The numbers of larvae hatching per egg mass were reduced by 27% and 68% at 30 and 90 mg/liter AZA, respectively. These results suggest that Neemix should be further evaluated for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of citrus.
Persistence and Microbial Source Tracking of Escherichia coli at a Swimming Beach at Lake of the Ozarks State Park, Missouri

The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has closed or posted advisories at public beaches at Lake of the Ozarks State Park in Missouri because of Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration exceedances in recent years. Spatial and temporal patterns of E. coli concentrations, microbial source tracking, novel sampling techniques, and beach-use patterns were studied during the 2012 recreational season to identify possible sources, origins, and occurrence of E. coli contamination at Grand Glaize Beach (GGB). Results indicate an important source of E. coli contamination at GGB was E. coli released into the water column by bathers resuspending avian-contaminated sediments, especially during high-use days early in the recreational season. Escherichia coli concentrations in water, sediment, and resuspended sediment samples all decreased throughout the recreational season likely because of decreasing lake levels resulting in sampling locations receding away from the initial spring shoreline as well as natural decay and physical transport out of the cove. Weekly MDNR beach monitoring, based solely on E. coli concentrations, at GGB during this study inaccurately predicted E. coli exceedances, especially on weekends and holidays. Interestingly, E. coli of human origin were measured at concentrations indicative of raw sewage in runoff from an excavation of a nearby abandoned septic tank that had not been used for nearly two years.
Squid beak inspired water processable chitosan composites with tunable mechanical properties

Natural biological composites often couple light weight with tunable and spatially controlled mechanical properties including stiffness, toughness, and hardness. Examples include the toughness of seashells, the hardness of the chiton tooth, and the stiffness gradient of the squid beak. While seashells and the chiton tooth have a mineralized inorganic component, the squid beak is entirely organic. The squid beak is known as one of the hardest fully organic materials. The hydrated squid beak has a large stiffness gradient from soft, at the interface with the squid mouth, to hard at the tip. This gradient occurs from the spatially controlled cross-linking of chitin nanofibers with a protein matrix aided by catecholamines. Here, we introduce a water processable deacetylated chitin composite with tunable mechanical properties from spatially controlled cross-linking assisted by catecholamines. Given the natural abundance of chitin and the ease of water processing, this composite can find applications for bridging mechanically mismatched materials.
A comparison study of atlas-based 3D cardiac MRI segmentation: global versus global and local transformations

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a standard-of-care imaging modality for cardiac function assessment and guidance of cardiac interventions thanks to its high image quality and lack of exposure to ionizing radiation. Cardiac health parameters such as left ventricular volume, ejection fraction, myocardial mass, thickness, and strain can be assessed by segmenting the heart from cardiac MRI images. Furthermore, the segmented pre-operative anatomical heart models can be used to precisely identify regions of interest to be treated during minimally invasive therapy. Hence, the use of accurate and computationally efficient segmentation techniques is critical, especially for intra-procedural guidance applications that rely on the peri-operative segmentation of subject-specific datasets without delaying the procedure workflow. Atlas-based segmentation incorporates prior knowledge of the anatomy of interest from expertly annotated image datasets. Typically, the ground truth atlas label is propagated to a test image using a combination of global and local registration. The high computational cost of non-rigid registration motivated us to obtain an initial segmentation using global transformations based on an atlas of the left ventricle from a population of patient MRI images and refine it using well developed technique based on graph cuts. Here we quantitatively compare the segmentations obtained from the global and global plus local atlases and refined using graph cut-based techniques with the expert segmentations according to several similarity metrics, including Dice correlation coefficient, Jaccard coefficient, Hausdorff distance, and Mean absolute distance error.
Correlates of US adult physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns

Abstract Objectives Physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns may be differentially associated with socio-demographic and health measures. We explored correlates of day-to-day patterns over a week in accelerometer measured physical activity and sedentary behavior to inform intervention development. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) adult participants (≥20 years) in 2003–2006 wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Accelerometer data from 7236 participants were used to derive latent classes describing day-to-day patterns over a week of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Correlates of each pattern were identified using multinomial logistic regression from 21 potential variables grouped into four domains: socio-demographic, acculturation, cardiovascular, and health history. Results Older age, female sex, higher body mass index, and history of chronic disease were consistently associated with lower odds of being in a more active compared to the least active class. In contrast, being employed, speaking Spanish at home, and having better self-rated health were associated with higher odds of being in a more active compared to the least active class. Conclusions Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns were identified from all domains (socio-demographic, acculturation, cardiovascular, and health history). Most correlates that were positively associated with physical activity were negatively associated with sedentary behavior. Better understanding of the correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns can inform interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior.
Evolving from Methodological to Conceptual Unification

The absence of a philosophical system that can effectively address the profound problems that exist at the heart of psychology has resulted in the discipline becoming increasingly defined and unifi...
Use of Expanded Laser Beam to Analyze High-Intensity Electric Fields

A Kerr electrooptical technique that permits direct observation and mapping of distorted high-intensity electric fields has been devised at NBS. Analysis of the field profile from two-dimensional fringe images, similar to those observed in photo-elastic mechanical stress analysis, permits calibration of the Kerr System for measurement of high-voltage pulses, and determination of relative field strength, actual field strength, and potential.
Caseworker Perceptions of Private Agency Family Safety Program Effectiveness

Scholarly research on governmental privatization efforts has expanded in many areas. However, less is known about the effectiveness of family safety privatization efforts at the state level. In Florida, family safety privatization efforts have been underway for several years now, and while evaluations are taking place, they do not reflect one key piece of information—the perceptions of family safety workers. Interviews with former and current family safety workers who work or worked for public and private family safety agencies in one Florida County are examined to assess the impact of program privatization. The model of care that has been instituted post-privatization (Coordination, Advocacy, Resources, Education and Support [CARES]) has been perceived as more effective than the former state model; however, respondents noted several problems that accompanied the shift to privatization. These issues along with recommendations for future planning are explored.
Central inhibitory action of peptide YY on gastric motility in rats.

Specific peptide YY (PYY) binding sites have recently been identified autoradiographically in the area postrema, nucleus of the solitary tract, and dorsal motor nucleus regions [collectively referr...
Study on the Energy Internet Technology Framework

In order to increase the utilization proportion of renewable energy and reduce environmental pollution at the same time, the energy technology framework, which matches the level of energy supply technology and the future energy resource constraints, are studied in this paper. Compared with the traditional energy supply system, the "Energy Internet " technology architecture, which is based on advanced information technology, can give full play to the technology advantages of comprehensive engergy utilization and load-side interaction, and globally optimize energy supply and consumption and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency.
Research on Magnaporthe oryzae Induced Alternations of Ion Absorption in Roots of Susceptible and Resistant Rice Varieties

The dynamic ion flux test technique was employed to analyze ion absorption by roots in susceptible and resistant rice varieties subjected to Magnaporthe oryzae infection,aiming to determine the effect of Magnaporthe oryzae infection on nutrient absorption in rice plants.The results showed that Magnaporthe oryzae infection caused more obvious disease symptom in susceptible variety and reduced K+absorption,led to H+transition from efflux to influx,and reduced Ca2+ absorption with larger unstability in root.In contrast,the resistant rice variety showed moderate disease severity and was characterized by only a slight decrease in absorption of K+,H+,and Ca2+ ions by the roots.These results indicated that subjected to Magnaporthe oryzae infection,resistant rice variety showed stronger ion absorption capacity,while the susceptible rice variety exhibited weaker capacity,which could be an important reason leading to the barrier of nutrients absorption in the roots of susceptible rice variety.
Multiple and Selective Reaction Monitoring Using Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer: Preclinical Large Cohort Analysis

Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), sometimes referred to as selective reaction monitoring (SRM), is a mass spectrometry method that can target selective peptides for the detection and quantitation of a protein. Compared to traditional ELISA, MRM assays have a number of advantages including ease in multiplexing several proteins in the same assay and independence from the necessity for high-quality, expensive, and at times unreliable antibodies. Furthermore, MRM assays can be developed to quantify multiple proteoforms of a single protein allowing the quantification of allelic expression of a particular sequence polymorphism, protein isoform, as well as determining site occupancy of posttranslational modification(s). In this chapter, we describe our workflow for target peptide selection, assay optimization, and acquisition multiplexing. Our workflow is presented using the example of constrained MRM assays developed for the serum protein ApoL1 in its various proteoforms to highlight the specific technical considerations necessary for the difficult task of quantifying peptide targets based on highly specific amino acid sequences by MRM.
A Method to Visualize the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeleton by Indirect Immunofluorescence

The cytoskeleton provides the basic architectural organization and shape of the eukaryotic cell, and plays a key role in segregation of the genetic material. A method to visualize the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton in the fungus Ustilago maydis by indirect immunofluorescence is described here. The method entails growth of cells to early logarithmic phase, fixation with a cross-linking agent or organic solvent, partial digestion of the cell wall and permeabilization of cells with a detergent to allow entry of antibodies, exposure to primary antibody, followed by treatment with secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorophore to allow visualization with fluorescence microscopy.
The Pathologic Effect of Ureteral Ligation, with Clinical Implications

AbstractInadvertent, ureteral ligation is a frequent occurrence with pelvic surgery. We determined the effect of the ureteral ligation of varying lengths of time in an animal model in order to provide a rational basis for the clinical management of such injuries in humans. In the rat, simple deligation of a ureter that has been ligated for as long as 24 hours results in complete resolution of the injury with no gross or microscopic evidence of the trauma. After 48 and 72 hours of ligation, hydroureter was apparent.
Clinical Approaches to the Treatment of Chronic Arsenic Intoxication: From Chelation to Chemoprevention

Publisher Summary The dimercapto chelating agent, dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite, BAL) was developed in the 1940s as a treatment for acute poisoning by the vesicant organoarsenical chemical warfare agent, lewisite (dichloro [2-chlorovinyl] arsine). Water soluble analogs of dimercaprol, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, succimer), and dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (DMPS, Unithiol, Dimaval) were introduced in the 1950s as chelators of arsenic (As) and other heavy metals that offered the advantage of higher therapeutic index, and both oral and intravenous routes of administration. Animal models have demonstrated that BAL, DMSA, and DMPS are efficacious in averting morbility and mortality if administered within minutes to hours of acute As exposure. In patients with chronic As exposure, administration of the chelating agents may result in a transient increase in urinary As excretion. However, the ability of chelation to avert or reverse the clinical effects of chronic As intoxication, such as anemia, neuropathy, portal hypertension or hyperkeratoses, or to decrease the future risk of As-induced cancer, has not been established. Limited case series, supported by recent insights into the potential mechanisms of As-induced carcinogenesis, suggest that oral treatment with retinoids, (Vitamin A analogs), may have promise in the treatment of chronic cutaneous arsenicism, and may also have impact on the development of neoplasia. Selenium, an antioxidant nutrient that antagonizes many of the effects of As in biological systems, also merits attention as a potential therapeutic agent for patients with a history of chronic As exposure. Nonspecific supportive care, including tricyclic antidepressants for the painful dysesthesias of peripheral neuropathy, and topical keratolytics for palmar–plantar hyperkeratoses, may offer short-term symptomatic relief.
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment

Individual onsite and decentralized wastewater treatment systems are recognized as permanent and sustainable components of the total wastewater infrastructure. These systems depend on the soil to provide secondary and tertiary treatment. As the ability of the soil to provide this treatment is limited, the treatment footprint is much larger for small wastewater systems. This article focuses on the issues that make the individual onsite wastewater treatment system unique. As such, this article discusses the soil as a unit process, methods of distributing effluent across the soil system, and then covers the alternative methods of collecting wastewater in very small communities.
Anxiety Disorders and Cardiovascular Disease

Anxiety and its associated disorders are common in patients with cardiovascular disease and may significantly influence cardiac health. Anxiety disorders are associated with the onset and progression of cardiac disease, and in many instances have been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality. Both physiologic (autonomic dysfunction, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, changes in platelet aggregation) and health behavior mechanisms may help to explain the relationships between anxiety disorders and cardiovascular disease. Given the associations between anxiety disorders and poor cardiac health, the timely and accurate identification and treatment of these conditions is of the utmost importance. Fortunately, pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions for the management of anxiety disorders are generally safe and effective. Further study is needed to determine whether interventions to treat anxiety disorders ultimately impact both psychiatric and cardiovascular health.
Elucidation of small molecule markers in cancer cells by NMR and mass spectrometry

M signatures of cell transformation in various cancers are of keen interest in gaining a better understanding of how oncogenes and proteins are expressed, and may potentially aid in the identification of suitable targets for therapeutic interventions. A platform based primarily on NMR spectroscopy that allows a relatively straightforward investigation of altered metabolite levels in cell extracts or other biological fluids will be presented and discussed. Application of the proposed methods to several types of cancer cells will also be presented, with an emphasis on identification of potentially interesting bio-markers. An example of pathway analysis and marker validation will provide a possible link between observed metabolite levels and genetic modifications in a cell model of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Greg Heffron, J Anal Bioanal Tech 2013, 4:5 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9872.S1.013
Traffic model with an absorbing-state phase transition

We consider a modified Nagel-Schreckenberg (NS) model in which drivers do not decelerate if their speed is smaller than the headway (number of empty sites to the car ahead). (In the original NS model, such a reduction in speed occurs with probability $p$, independent of the headway, as long as the current speed is greater than zero.) In the modified model the free-flow state (with all vehicles traveling at the maximum speed, ${v}_{max}$) is absorbing for densities $\ensuremath{\rho}$ smaller than a critical value ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}=1/({v}_{max}+2)$. The phase diagram in the $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}p$ plane is reentrant: for densities in the range ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c,l}l\ensuremath{\rho}l{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{c}$, both small and large values of $p$ favor free flow, while for intermediate values, a nonzero fraction of vehicles have speeds $l{v}_{max}$. In addition to representing a more realistic description of driving behavior, this change leads to a better understanding of the phase transition in the original model. Our results suggest an unexpected connection between traffic models and stochastic sandpiles.
An Energy-Efficient Cross-Layer Routing Approach for Wireless Sensor Networks Using Distributed Beamforming

Wireless sensor networks are valuable assets to both the commercial and military communities with applications ranging from industrial control on a factory floor to reconnaissance of a hostile border. In most applications, the sensors act as data sources and forward information generated by event triggers to a central sink or base station (BS). The unique role of the BS makes it a natural target for an adversary that desires to achieve the most impactful attack possible against a WSN with the least amount of effort. Even if a WSN employs conventional security mechanisms such as encryption and authentication, an adversary may apply traffic analysis techniques to identify the BS. This motivates a significant need for improved BS anonymity to protect the identity, role, and location of the BS. Previous work has shown distributed beamforming to be an effective technique to boost BS anonymity in WSNs; however, the energy consumption of these networks depends on helper relay availability and the energy required to recruit relays. In this paper we propose a novel, cross-layer link cost that balances the relay recruitment energy and the number of recruited relays. By incorporating available helper relays directly into the routing link cost, we select routes that maximize the use of distributed beamforming at each hop. We use simulation to demonstrate that our link cost preserves anonymity and reduces energy consumption to levels below those of WSNs that employ no anonymity protection.
Diamond burr debridement vs. grid keratotomy in canine SCCED with scanning electron microscopy diamond burr tip analysis.

Objectives (i) Compare the outcome of canine SCCED treated with grid keratotomy (GK) or diamond burr debridement (DBD); (ii) Serially evaluate morphologic and elemental composition changes to diamond burr tips. Animals studied A total of 91 eyes of 88 canine SCCED patients treated at the University of Missouri (2005–2015); 75 fresh cadaver porcine globes. Procedures (i) Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Data were analyzed for age, sex, breed, procedure performed, eye(s) on which the procedure was performed, time to healing after a single surgical procedure, performance of a second surgical procedure, contact lens placement, and postprocedural complications. (ii) Three naive 3.5-mm medium grit burr tips were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). DBD was performed for 120 s on 8-mm porcine corneal stroma using the Algerbrush®. Manufacturer-recommended cleaning protocols were followed. SEM and EDS analyses were performed in triplicate after 10, 25, and 50 DBD, cleaning, and sterilization cycles. Results There was no statistically significant difference in healing between DBD and GK groups (P = 0.50). No diamond particle damage after 10, 25, or 50 DBDs was detected. SEM secondary electron imaging and backscatter electron imaging after repeated uses demonstrated a build-up of contamination composed of carbon, sulfur, and calcium on burr tips. Conclusions Both DBD and GK are effective treatment options for canine SCCED. Although complications are rare after DBD, build-up of contaminants may be a contributing factor. Additional cleaning and sterilization protocols are being investigated.
PEMANFAATAN BUAH PARE MENJADI TEPUNG CAMPURAN LULUR UNTUK PERAWATAN TUBUH SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR YANG DIGUNAKAN PADA MAHASISWI PKK FT-UNM

campuran Paresa scrub dengan aplikasi langsung ke kulit / tubuh 2) untuk mengetahui hasil sehingga scrub bagian dengan aplikasi langsung ke kulit / tubuh 3) Menentukan hasil ofscrubsparethethreetypes aplikasi ofskin. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis teknik data yang menggunakan dis analisis deskriptif kuantitatif data. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa proses pembuatan pare herbal dilakukan secara tradisional dengan menggunakan ingredientssuch alam sebagai buah pare, yang telah disortir dan dikeringkan kemudian Smoot hed oleh usinggren derandsieved untuk producea tepung semak belukar sementara membuat cara scrub sparea pencampuran tepung dengan krim asli pare scrub thenstir sampai tercampur dan padat dan lastinserted intoa disegel wadah plastik. Ini studyuses panelis tswere 3 orang withthe tingkat penerimaan panelis untuk scrub pare istilah yang paling dominantin dari aspek warna, aroma, dan tekstur produk dengan proporsi tepung scrub Parepare 30% And70% scrub cream asli, Karena Memiliki yang terbaik kriteria tubuh scrub dengan tajam aroma wangi whichis Dianggap sengatan, bau asam, tidak menyebabkan pusing dan mual. Sienna berwarna, slooks scrub dengan coklat dan memiliki viskositas yang issufficiently padat, sangat sedikit padat, lembab, lembut dan lembut. Memiliki diadakan percobaan dengan menambahkan daun pertandingan, jahe dan ubi hal resultin lebih baik dari warna dan aroma Kata kunci: pahit buah melon, perawatan tubuh herbal
The association of lipoprotein(a) with incident heart failure hospitalization: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Abstract Background and aims Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a proatherogenic lipoprotein associated with coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and more recently aortic stenosis and heart failure (HF). We examined the association of Lp(a) levels with incident HF hospitalization in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We also assessed the relationship between Lp(a) levels and arterial stiffness as a potential mechanism for development of HF. Methods Lp(a) was measured in 14,154 ARIC participants without prevalent HF at ARIC visit 1 (1987–1989). The association of Lp(a) quintiles with incident HF hospitalization was assessed using Cox proportional-hazards models. Arterial stiffness parameters were stratified based on Lp(a) quintiles, and p -trend was calculated across ordered groups. Results At median follow-up of 23.4 years, there were 2605 incident HF hospitalizations. Lp(a) levels were directly associated with incident HF hospitalization in models adjusted for age, race, gender, systolic blood pressure, history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, heart rate, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1: hazard ratio [HR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.41; p -trend across increasing quintiles p -trend = 0.70). When adjusted for age, gender, and race, Lp(a) quintiles were not significantly associated with arterial stiffness parameters. Conclusions Increased Lp(a) levels were associated with increased risk of incident HF hospitalization. After excluding prevalent and incident myocardial infarction, the association was no longer significant. Lp(a) levels were not associated with arterial stiffness parameters.
Economic Exposure to Foreign Exchange Risk

In this chapter, the accounting concept of exposure to foreign exchange risk (developed at great length in the previous chapter) is found to be lacking from the standpoint of a modern theory of finance because it is rooted in the historical valuation of the firm. Specifically, it ignores the future, longer-term implications of exchange rate changes for the competitive posture and hence, the profitability or valuation of the multinational corporation. As Dufey comments about the impact of the French franc devaluation on the French subsidiary of a U.S. multinational corporation: Local currency revenue and cost streams will not follow the pattern projected before the devaluation. In fact, after the devaluation, the local currency flows will exhibit differences that are systematic and predictable as to direction. Therefore, a uniform, indiscriminate application of the devaluation percentage to the projected pre-devaluation flows gives an inaccurate picture.1
Using inferred disjunctive constraints to decompose constraint satisfaction problems

Constraint satisfaction problems involve finding values for problem variables that satisfy constraints on what combinations of values are permitted. They have applications in many areas of artificial intelligence, from planning to natural language understanding. A new method is proposed for decomposing constraint satisfaction problems using inferred disjunctive constraints. The decomposition reduces the size of the problem. Some solutions may be lost in the process, but not all. The decomposition supports an algorithm that exhibits superior performance. Analytical and experimental evidence suggests that the algorithm can take advantage of local weak spots in globally hard problems.
Ototoxicity and cochlear sparing in children with medulloblastoma: Proton vs. photon radiotherapy.

Abstract Purpose To compare ototoxicity rates between medulloblastoma patients treated with protons vs. photons. Materials and methods The study included 84 children diagnosed with medulloblastoma treated with either passively scattered protons (n = 38) or photons (n = 46). Patients underwent maximal safe resection followed by craniospinal irradiation, posterior fossa and/or tumor bed boost and chemotherapy according to one of 3 multi-institutional trials. Median audiogram follow-up was 56 months for protons and 66 months for photons. Results Mean cochlear dose (Dmc) was lower in patients treated with protons for both standard (p Conclusions While cochlear doses were lower in the proton group, patients treated with either protons or photons had similar Grade 3 and 4 ototoxicity rates.
Aza-Riley Oxidation of Ugi-Azide and Ugi-3CR Products toward Vicinal Tricarbonyl Amides: Two-Step MCR-Oxidation Methodology Accessing Functionalized α,β-Diketoamides and α,β-Diketotetrazoles

Direct oxidative deamination of glyoxal-derived Ugi-azide and Ugi three-component reaction products readily affords vicinal tricarbonyls (α,β-diketoamides) and α,β-diketotetrazoles with two diversity elements. This significant extension of our previously described multicomponent reaction–oxidative deamination methodology is proposed to proceed through a mechanistically distinct SeO2-mediated C–N oxidation derived from an active enol of α-amino-β-ketone systems, effectively an aza-Riley oxidation. This methodology accesses diverse VTC systems from prototypical amines, glyoxaldehydes, and isocyanide building blocks in a mere two steps.
Phosphorus and Aluminum Codoped Porous NiO Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting

We present a facile way to fabricate phosphorus and aluminum codoped nickel oxide-based nanosheets by using layered double hydroxide (AlNi-LDH) as precursors, which showed an overall water-splitting performance in alkaline solution. The codoping of phosphorus and aluminum into nickel oxide nanosheets leads to an optimum balance among surface chemical state, electrochemically active surface area, and density of active sites. As a result, it can afford a current density of 100 mA cm–2 at the overpotential of 310 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at the overpotential of 138 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1 M KOH. When it was used as a bifunctional catalyst in a two-electrode water-splitting device, a potential of 1.56 V was achieved at the current density of 10 mA cm–2.
Free Appropriate Public Education and Endrew F. v. Douglas County School System (2017): Implications for Personnel Preparation:

The purpose of this article is to examine the free appropriate public education (FAPE) requirements of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The authors first briefly examine the ...
Reservoir Management in the Interior West

Two trends in the Gunnison Basin of western Colorado are increasing the sensitivity of reservoir systems to climate variability. These trends are increasing water utilization within the basin, especially for environmental purposes, and the increasing importance of functional linkages of the basin’s water to other places in the U.S. West. There is a potential for seasonal climate forecasts to provide advance guidance of wet or dry years, which could allow managers to better plan for dry conditions, or to take advantage of wet conditions. Trends in this basin mirror similar trends across the interior West, and thus it is valuable to examine the Gunnison Basin to understand how climate variability interacts with critical water issues facing the larger region, and how this information might be incorporated into decision making for reservoir management.
Situation Model: Psychological

Situation models are mental representations of a state of affairs described in a text. This article describes: (a) the theoretical background of situation models; (b) how situation models differ from other types of mental representations (scripts, frames, mental models, surface structures, textbases); (c) why situation models are needed to explain language use; (d) components of situation models; (e) functions of situation models, (f) the representational format of situation models; (g) empirical evidence for situation models; (h) computational models of situation models; and (i) future directions in research on situation models. The article also provides a detailed example of how a situation model is constructed from linguistic input.
Structural change: Pace, patterns and determinants

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of structural change in the world economy. The analysis relies on a newly constructed dataset comprising 169 countries and covering the period from 1991 to 2013. Shapley decompositions are employed to evaluate the pace and pattern of structural change across regions and sub‐regions. Country‐level estimates are then used to conduct an original empirical exercise on the determinants of structural change. The results suggest that labor reallocations (structural change) have played a critical role in enhancing economic performance since the early 2000s, even if they remain comparatively less important than within‐sector productivity improvements. The widespread reallocation of labor from agriculture to the services sectors has been the key driver of structural change. Finally, we find robust evidence that the pace of structural change is significantly shaped by human and physical capital. The policy implication is that investments in education and economic infrastructure are crucial to accelerating structural change.
Removal of infected arteriovenous grafts is morbid and many patients do not receive a new access within 1 year.

Abstract Objective Infection of a prosthetic arteriovenous graft (AVG), in patients who have many comorbidities and limited access options, is a feared complication. Our objective was to investigate our contemporary series of infected AVG operations and analyze perioperative and long-term outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of AVGs removal, in the setting of infection, from 2005 to 2017 at a single institution. Procedures were classified as total excision if all graft material was removed, subtotal excision if small cuffs remained, and revision if a segment was removed and the graft was revised. Demographics, medical history, perioperative details, and follow-up data were collected. Results There were 47 patients who underwent an operation for an infected AVG—forearm (27.7%), upper arm (63.8%), and femoral (8.5%). The mean age was 57.7 years and 59.6% were male. The average time from AVG placement to operation for infection was 20.4 months and 85.1% of grafts were placed at our institution. There were 33 patients (70.2%) who had a previous access before the infected graft. Patients with infected AVGs presented with bacteremia (57.4%), sepsis (36.2%), purulent drainage (55.3%), and bleeding at the graft site (31.9%). The majority of grafts (61.7%) were patent on presentation. There were patients 17 (36.2%) who had a fistulogram and 16 (34%) underwent an endovascular intervention within 90 days of graft excision. With regard to procedure type, 40.4%, 38.3%, and 21.3% of AVGs were treated with total excision, subtotal excision, and revision, respectively. Bacterial growth was present in 84.8% of specimens with the most common bacterial species being any Staphylococcus aureus (53.2%), methicillin-resistant S aureus (17%), coagulase-negative S species (10.6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.5%). Postoperative intensive care unit admission occurred in 21.3% of cases. There were 25 postoperative complications that occurred in 17 patients (36.2%). The most frequent postoperative complications were nongraft site infections (28%) followed by graft-related events (16%). Mortality at 90 days and 1 year were 2.1% and 12.8%, respectively. Readmissions at 30 and 90 days were 30% and 55%, respectively. Reoperation for infection in the index limb occurred in 10.6% of patients—40% from those who had subtotal excision and 60% from those who underwent revision. New access was placed in 52% of eligible patients at 1 year. Conclusions Removal of an infected AVG is associated with high morbidity and resource use. Many eligible patients do not receive a definitive access within the first year of graft excision. Close follow-up is necessary to allow opportunities in reassessing for potential new access creation.
Financial Flexibility and Opportunity Capture: Bridging the Gap Between Finance and Strategy

Logically, the practice of corporate finance and corporate strategy should be closely coordinated, but in reality there remains a massive gap between the two. This can lead strategically oriented firms to deâ€ emphasize or even discard NPV. Neither financial theory nor competitive strategy has been very open to the economic value of investment opportunity capture. Strategy must recognize that financial flexibility provides powerful advantages and financial theory must evaluate entire strategic programs rather than discrete, standâ€ alone projects. Necessarily, the financial discussion of cost of capital and capital structure has to change. The authors offer two specific concepts to bridge the Gap between Finance and Strategy: 1) Reserve Financial Capacity is the annual sum of Free Cash Flow, Financing Flexibility and Cash Reserves over the period envisioned for strategy execution. Individual projects must belong to strategic programs in the sense that they either: 1) keep the base business running; 2) preserve an existing competitive position; or 3) form part of a program to enhance advantage or fashion a strategic breakout. 2) Strategically Sustainable Cost of Capital is the true, blended cost of capital required to complete an entire capital program. These concepts provide financial rigor to firms with wellâ€ defined strategies and allow managements to wield Financial Flexibility as a strategic weapon, creating options on unique buying opportunities, such as at the bottom of industry cycles.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Halides (C5H7N2)2MBr4 (M = Hg, Zn) with High Color Rendering Index and High-Efficiency White-Light Emission

Low-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic materials (HOIMs) are being widely investigated for their unique optoelectronic properties. Some of them exhibit broadband white-light (WL) luminescence upon UV excitation, providing a potential for the fabrication of single-component white-light-emitting diodes. Here, we report new examples of low-dimensional HOIMs, based on 4-aminopyridinium (4AMP) and group 12 metals (Hg and Zn), for single-component WL emission. The 4AMP cation containing structures feature HgBr4 and ZnBr4 isolated tetrahedra in (C5H7N2)2HgBr4·H2O (1) and (C5H7N2)2ZnBr4 (2), respectively. The presence of isolated molecular units in the zero-dimensional structures results in strongly localized charges and bright WL luminescence with corresponding Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage color coordinates of (0.34, 0.38) and (0.25, 0.26), correlated color temperatures of 5206 K (1) and 11 630 K (2), and very high color rendering indexes (CRI) of 87 (1) and 96 (2). The visibly bright WL emission a...
On the Role of Attention in Working Memory for Response Selection in Task Switching.

Oberauer’s (2019) analysis and related research on how working memory and attention are linked can provide insight regarding how responses are selected in task-switching situations. One mechanism for response selection—the mediated route—categorizes stimuli with respect to both tasks, then activates responses based on instructed category–response associations. The author discusses two proposals for how these associations are represented in working memory, both of which seem consistent with the idea that attention selects or prioritizes the relevant-task associations, enabling accurate response selection. A broader implication of the representation and operation of the mediated route is that nominal task switching might reflect concurrent multitasking within the cognitive system (constrained by attention in working memory), raising the issue of how task switching should be characterized.