cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Functions ζ(s) and L(s, χ)

This chapter develops further properties of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) and the Dirichlet L-functions L(s, χ) defined for σ > 1 by the series $$\zeta (s) = \sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{1}{{{n^s}}}} {\text{ and L(s,}}\chi {\text{) = }}\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{{\chi (n)}}{{{n^s}}}} $$ .
A Comparison of Two Ground-Based Lightning Detection Networks against the Satellite-Based Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS)

AbstractLightning stroke data from both the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) were compared to lightning group data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) from 1 January 2010 through 30 June 2011. The region of study, from 39°S to 39°N latitude, chosen based on the orbit of LIS, and 164°E east to 17°W longitude, chosen to approximate the possible Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) longitude, was considered in its entirety and then divided into geographical subregions. Over this 18-month time period, WWLLN had an 11.0% entire region, 13.2% North American, 6.2% South American, 16.4% Atlantic Ocean, and 18.9% Pacific Ocean coincidence percent (CP) value. The ENTLN CP values were 28.5%, 63.3%, 2.2%, 3.0%, and 2.5%, respectively. During the 18 months, WWLLN CP values remained rather consistent but low and often higher over ocean than land; ENTLN CP values showed large spatial and temporal variability. With both networks, North America had le...
Oxygen sensing in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: using new tools to answer an age‐old question

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) becomes activated in response to alveolar hypoxia and, although the characteristics of HPV have been well described, the underlying mechanism of O2 sensing which initiates the HPV response has not been fully established. Mitochondria have long been considered as a putative site of oxygen sensing because they consume O2 and therefore represent the intracellular site with the lowest oxygen tension. However, two opposing theories have emerged regarding mitochondria-dependent O2 sensing during hypoxia. One model suggests that there is a decrease in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during the transition from normoxia to hypoxia, resulting in the shift in cytosolic redox to a more reduced state. An alternative model proposes that hypoxia paradoxically increases mitochondrial ROS signalling in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. Experimental resolution of the question of whether the mitochondrial ROS levels increase or decrease during hypoxia has been problematic owing to the technical limitations of the tools used to assess oxidant stress as well as the pharmacological agents used to inhibit the mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, recent developments in genetic techniques and redox-sensitive probes may allow us eventually to reach a consensus concerning the O2 sensing mechanism underlying HPV.
INDICATIONS FOR USE OF BICARBONATE IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Identifying the indications for use of bicarbonate in patients with metabolic acidosis has led to a major controversy in the fields of intensive therapy, medicine and anaesthesia, with numerous ous editorials expressing disparate opinions over the past 4 years [9, 33, 64, 94]. There have been substantial disagreements between various groups over the indications, or lack of them, for the use of bicarbonate. This article reviews the rationale for use of sodium bicarbonate in the management of patients with metabolic acidosis
The Wealth of Empire: Francisco Arango y Parreño, Political Economy, and the Second Slavery in Cuba

Planter, statesman, and economic reformer Francisco Arango y Parreno (1765–1837) was the spokesman for Havana's emergent planter elite and was also among the major architects of Cuba's sugar boom during the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1792, in the midst of the slave insurrection in Saint Domingue, Arango, Apoderado General of the Havana ayuntamiento, addressed a series of memorials to the Spanish Crown culminating in Discurso sobre la Agricultura de la Habana y Medios de Fomentarla (Arango 1793a:114–75). These documents at once articulated the interests of the Havana planter class and formulated Arango's program for the transformation of Cuban economic life. Widely regarded as key texts of Cuban history, they provided the theoretical framework for the development of Cuba into the world's leading sugar producer from the 1820s into the twentieth century. At the same time, they express the creation of new zones of slave production as part of the political and economic restructuring of the world economy that I have elsewhere called the “second slavery” (Tomich 1988). An examination of these works thus calls attention to the continual re-formation of slavery and other forms of compulsory labor as part of the historical development of the capitalist world economy and to the ways that highly specific local actions at once shape and are shaped by global processes.
Volatile anaesthetic effects on phospholipid binding to synaptotagmin 1, a presynaptic Ca2+ sensor

Background Volatile anaesthetics have important effects on synaptic transmission in the CNS. Depression of excitatory transmission involves reduced transmitter release via unidentified presynaptic mechanisms. Synaptotagmin 1 is a synaptic vesicle-associated protein that regulates Ca 2+ -evoked transmitter release involving critical Ca 2+ /phospholipid interactions within its C2 domains. Methods We analysed the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the binding of purified recombinant rat synaptotagmin 1 C2A, C2B and C2AB domains to radiolabelled phospholipid liposomes. Results Halothane and isoflurane had no significant effects on the maximal binding or Ca 2+ dependence of binding of synaptotagmin 1 C2 domains to mixed phospholipid vesicles composed of either phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine. Conclusions Inhibition of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by volatile anaesthetics does not appear to involve an effect on the critical Ca 2+ /phospholipid binding properties of synaptotagmin 1, a Ca 2+ sensor involved in regulating evoked Ca 2+ -dependent neurotransmitter release.
Novel quantitative MFM technique to study orientation ratio in longitudinal recording media

A quantitative MFM technique to determine the magnetic orientation in longitudinal media at the microscopic level is described. The remanent magnetization orientation ratio measured by this MFM technique correlates well with the orientation ratio measured using a VSM. The analysis used to determine the orientation ratio from MFM images is based on the disorder noise model. The experimental results show that orientation is reflected in medium noise and interaction effects, as measured using the delta M technique.
Effect of hormonal contraceptives on vitamin B12 level and the association of the latter with bone mineral density.

Background The study was conducted to estimate the effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and oral contraceptives (OC) containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol on serum B12 and whether observed changes impact bone mineral density (BMD).
Ediacaran sedimentology and paleoecology of Newfoundland reconsidered

Abstract Ediacaran fossils of Mistaken Point and other localities in Newfoundland have been reconstructed as denizens of a deep, dark ocean, based on a turbidite interpretation of their sedimentary context. Objections to this view include geochemical indications of fresh water and volcanological and sedimentological evidence that they lived in soils of coastal plains and tidal flats. Two distinct assemblages of these fossils are recognized: a low-diversity Aspidella–Heimalora community on sulfidic grey paleosols (Sulfaquent) and a high diversity Fractofusus–Charniodiscus community on red ferruginous paleosols (Fluvent and Udept). These two assemblages and their paleosols were comparable in habitat with Phanerozoic intertidal salt marsh and coastal woodlands, respectively. Paleosol chemical composition is also evidence that Ediacaran communities of Newfoundland lived in humid, cool temperate paleoclimates, unlike arid paleoclimates of the classical Ediacaran biota of South Australia.
Go South Young Man (Reviewing James C. Cobb, The Selling of the South: The Southern Crusade for Industrial Development, 1993)

This article reviews James C. Cobb, The Selling of the South: The Southern Crusade for Industrial Development (1993).
Management of Early (T1 or T2) Rectal Cancer

Early stage rectal cancers (T1/T2) are being found more commonly due to increasing compliance with population screening guidelines. Patient selection is the most important element in advising local excision versus standard transabdominal resection with total mesorectal excision (TME). Determining the best strategy for an individual patient relies on accurate histologic assessment (a surrogate of biologic behavior), accurate clinical staging (endorectal ultrasound or MRI), and accurate assessment of patient procedural risk. It is important to review the histology for high-risk features associated with occult lymph node metastasis as this portends a higher local recurrence rate. Since the local recurrence rate following local excision for T2 rectal cancer is high, it has been our practice to offer these patients proctectomy with TME unless the patient has a poor performance status, is unwilling to proceed, or is part of a clinical trial. We limit transanal resection to well-selected patients with T1 lesions without high-risk histologic features (lymphovascular invasion, poor grade, or deep submucosal invasion). Factors such as patient procedural preference and comorbidities may influence this decision but it is on a case by case basis. Local excision can be accomplished with conventional transanal procedures; however, newer techniques such as transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) may have less specimen fragmentation and improved R0 resection rates. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation may add further benefit for maximizing local control but is associated with local wound problems including bleeding and infection. Adherence to a strict surveillance program after local excision allows clinicians to salvage recurrence as early as possible. In a multidisciplinary fashion, the surgeon, pathologist, gastroenterologist, and patient need to make informed decisions about risk and benefit when determining the best individualized care for the patient.
Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Glands Results of a Survey

Anal gland adenocarcinoma is rare, with information concerning this lesion communicated mostly as case reports. Cases seen by authors, combined with a survey of the membership of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, allowed 52 cases with sufficient data for analysis. It became clear from the survey that most colorectal surgeons have not treated this malignancy. Predominant symptoms are anal pain (58 percent), rectal bleeding (40 percent), and the presence of perianal mass (37 percent). Fifty-four percent of patients present with a fistula, the incidence of fistula being significantly higher in males. Metastases, which may be inguinal, pelvic, or hepatic, are present at diagnosis in 13.5 percent of patients. Three-fourths of patients are eventually treated by abdomino-perineal resection (APR). Twelve percent of the patients in this series had an APR after a failed local excision. The conclusions from this study are: 1) if local excision is attempted, it must be complete, and the patient must be followed closely for many years, and 2) APR is needed in most patients for local control, with the role of subsequent radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy not yet defined.
Corrientes, colonialismos y contradicciones: repensando las raíces y trayectorias de la ecología política

Este ensayo es una adaptacion de una ponencia magistral presentada en el Congreso Latinoamericano de Ecologia Politica, que tomo lugar en Santiago de Chile en octubre de 2014. Es una reflexion y autocritica sobre la ecologia politica como campo academico. Aqui examino la historia intelectual de la ecologia politica en el contexto de las tradicio­nes academicas coloniales del norte global. La presencia e influencia de los y las intelectuales del norte en los paises del sur forman parte de los proyectos coloniales imperialistas de los paises ricos del norte. Esta es una realidad que no podemos evitar, aun los intelectuales de la izquier­da. Considero la ecologia politica como “aporia” es decir, una paradoja cuya logica es insuperable. A pesar de su historia colonial, argumento que no debemos desechar la ecologia politica, sino utilizarla para superar sus propias contradicciones. Necesitamos una ecologia politica anticolonial y transhemisferica, y tenemos que realizar la dura labor de traduccion, tanto linguistica como cultural. No debemos romper lazos entre el norte y el sur, sino formar lazos nuevos y distintos, basados en el concepto gramsciano de praxis: la practica informada por la teoria y la critica. Palabras claves: colonialismo - poscolonialismo - pensamiento geografico. Abstract This essay is an adaptation of a keynote address presented at the Latin American Congress of Political Ecology, which took place in Santiago, Chile in October, 2014. It is a reflection and self-critique of political ecology as an academic field. In it I examine the intellectual history of political ecology in the context of the colonial academic traditions stemming from the global North. The presence and influence of northern intellectuals in countries of the global South are part of the colonial/imperialist projects of wealthy northern countries. This is an unavoidable reality, even for intellectuals on the political Left. I con­sider political ecology to be an ‘aporia,’ that is, an unavoidable logical paradox. In spite of its colonial history, I argue that we should not discard political ecology, but rather use it to overcome its own inherent contradictions. We need an anti-colonial, trans-hemispheric political ecology and must do the hard work of translation, both linguistic and cultural. We should not break ties between north and south, but rather form new and distinct ties, based on the Gramscian concept of ‘praxis’: practice informed by theory and critique. Key words: colonialism – postcolonialism - geographic thought.
Expressions of IL-2,IL-4,IL-18,IFN-γand MMP-9 in untreated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective To study the expression of IL-2,IL-4,IL-18,IFN-γand MMP-9 in untreated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and their changes during treatment. Methods e used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELLSA) to detect the expressions of IL-2,IL-4,IL-18,IFN-γ and MMP-9 before and after treatment in 100 untreated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 90 healthy subjects. Results Of 100 cases with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis(treatment group),79 were cured after two months of treatment and the rate of sputum smear conversion was 79%. Compared with control group,cytokine levels were significantly higher in study group before treatment and the difference was statistically significant(P 0. 01). The expressions of IL-4,and IL-18 were significantly higher than those in control group after treatment and the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05),while the expression of IL-2,IFN-γ and MMP-9 showed no statistically significant difference(P 0. 05). After treatment,cytokine levels decreased significantly and the difference was statistically significant(P 0. 05). The expressions of IL-2,IL-4,IL-18,IFN-γ and MMP-9 were significantly different between the patients of sputum negative conversion and unhealed patients(P 0. 05). Conclusions Dynamic detection of cytokine levels is helpful to the judgment of disease prognosis during treatment. In addition,the changing trends of cytokine levels can predict the efficacy of treatment.
Conceptual Models for the Development and Use of Social Indicators

Wolfgang Zapf is one of the leading members of the German social science community of the past 30 years. He was the pioneer in the development of social indicators in post-war Germany and in the production of the first German Social Report in the 1970s. One of us remembers well Professor Zap’s defense of the social indicators used in the first German Social Report against an unrelenting attack by a fellow participant at a conference on social indicators and social reporting in 1978 at the UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, France. The passing of time has stood Professor Zapf’s work well. The key importance of his work in the 1970s was that it was conducted and published and, thereby, provided a foundation upon which social scientists subsequently could build and improve.
Environmental Management and Multinational Corporate Operations

Discussions of the international economic implications of environmental management generally focus on the ‘nation’, which pursues certain environmental policies and programmes in accordance with collectively-determined social objectives, under particular environmental conditions, while other ‘nations’ either do the same or behave differently. This sets into motion international commercial and financial flows, which in turn influence the achievement of national economic and social goals including environmental balance. This abstract view of the nation as the principal actor or decision-maker contributes to analytical neatness in the discussion, and often enables us to discern the probable direction and magnitude of the economic adjustment and adaptation that will have to result. But it also glosses over the reality of thousands of decision-makers, producers and consumers, who react in different ways to policy stimuli — and who will, in the final analysis, determine the outcome.
The Use of Steroids as Pharmacologic Agents in Diseases of Children, Part 3: Renal Diseases

Steroid therapy usually is of value in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of short duration. It is sometimes of value in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of long duration and in the nephrotic syndrome associated with disseminated lupus erythematosus or periarteritis nodosa.The complications of high-dosage steroid therapy for pharmacologic or anti-inflammatory purposes are discussed, with emphasis on the importance of using the lowest dosage that will control symptoms when maintenance therapy is required.
Chapter 8 Wear

Biomaterials used in the fabrication of implants are subjected to wear. Wear of biomaterials and devices has been shown to be detrimental to their long term success resulting in implant retrieval and revision. One of the most dramatic impacts of the wear of biomaterials and its consequences is observed with artificial joints. As stated by Jacobs et ai., (1994) wear has emerged as a central problem limiting the long-term longevity of total joint replacements. Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear debris has been shown by many authors to trigger an osteolytic reaction which leads to implant loosening (Mittlmeier and rial involving many diverse mechanisms and phenomena which are often unpredictable (Table 8.1). The wear process of materials is predominantly governed by their mechanical and/or chemical behavior. More often than not, the wear processes listed in Table 8.1 do not act independently. However, even though several wear mechanisms are involved, it is often the case that one particular mechanism dominates (Dowson, 1981).
A Democratic Legacy: Hallie Flanagan and the Vassar Experimental Theatre

Hallie Flanagan is best known as national director of the Federal Theatre Project (1935–1939). However, Flanagan’s influence on American theatre extends far beyond these four years. Flanagan was the first woman to receive a Guggenheim Fellowship, which she used to study contemporaneous European theatre. Upon her return, she established the Vassar Experimental Theatre (VET, 1927), a theatre, she imagined, that would convert energy into power—the power to transform society. Flanagan brought her first-hand experiences with Stanislavsky, Meyerhold, Gordon Craig, and Lady Gregory to Vassar stages and classrooms. The young women in VET performed, produced, designed, built, lit, directed, wrote, and, as one graduate explained, learned to create within a “true democratic way of life, individualistic desires subordinated” to the creative needs of the collective.
Evolution of resistance to thyroid cancer therapy.

The prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), of which the majority are papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), shows clinical diversity among patients related to age, tumor histology and size, extra-thyroidal extension, metastasis, and thyroid follicular cell avidity for iodide. First-line preferred treatment for DTC is thyroid surgery, whenever possible, followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) in selected patients, and levothyroxine therapy in all patients (Haugen and Sherman, 2013; PMID: 23575762). As for all cancers, a percentage of patients with DTC fail to respond or respond very poorly to targeted therapies (primary resistance). In addition, many tumors that initially respond to therapy become resistant within months or even weeks (secondary resistance).
Regulator of G protein signaling 4 is a novel target of GATA-6 transcription factor

GATA transcription factors regulate an array of genes important in cell proliferation and differentiation. Here we report the identification of regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) as a novel target for GATA-6 transcription factor. Although three sites (a, b, c) within the proximal region of rabbit RGS4 promoter for GATA transcription factors were predicted by bioinformatics analysis, only GATA-a site (16 bp from the core TATA box) is essential for RGS4 transcriptional regulation. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that only GATA-6 was highly expressed in rabbit colonic smooth muscle cells but GATA-4/6 were expressed in cardiac myocytes and GATA-1/2/3 expressed in blood cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of GATA-6 but not GATA-1 significantly increased the constitutive and IL-1β-induced mRNA expression of the endogenous RGS4 in colonic smooth muscle cells. IL-1β stimulation induced GATA-6 nuclear translocation and increased GATA-6 binding to RGS4 promoter. These data suggest that GATA factor could affect G protein signaling through regulating RGS4 expression, and GATA signaling may develop as a future therapeutic target for RGS4-related diseases.
Mathematical Programming Approaches to the Planning Of Siberian Regional Economic Development: A Nonmathematical Survey

Mathematical programming models are used extensively by the Novosibirsk-based Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production to derive and validate recommendations for Siberian development. This article provides a nonmathematical description, analysis, and evaluation of these models and their role in the economic planning of Siberia. Also discussed is the Siberian experience with input-output accounts, the primary data source for these models. The major use of such models has been for formulating long-term plans and scenarios for Siberian development and for deriving related policy recommendations. The role of these models in specific locational decisions or operational planning is difficult to ascertain. However, the planning relevance of these approaches should increase as a result of the growing importance of the IEOPP in Siberian developmental planning and the concern of this group for the application of programming models to this process. Journal of Economic Literature Classificatio...
Long Term Follow-up of Recipients of Combined HLA-Matched Nonmyeloablative Bone Marrow and Kidney Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma with End-Stage Renal Disease.

Abstract 3368 Poster Board III-256 Specific tolerance following combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation (Kd/BMT)for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) with or without an underlying malignancy has been accomplished, as evidenced by prolonged normal renal function without ongoing immunosuppression (IS)and the demonstration of in vitro donor specific hyporesponsiveness ( N Engl J Med 2008; 358:353-361; Am J Transplant 2006;6:2121-2133). In order to achieve potent anti-myeloma responses and induce tolerance through the induction of mixed chimerism (MC) for the renal allograft, 7 patients (median age 48 (34-55) yrs with multiple myeloma (MM) and ESRD received a combined HLA-matched Kd/BMT, with longest follow-up time of almost 11 years. An eighth pt developed cyclophosphamide (CY) cardiotoxicity on day -5 and did not receive a transplant. Preparative therapy for the transplants consisted of CY 60 mg/kg (days -5, -4) with hemodialysis 14 hrs after each CY dose, equine anti-thymocyte globulin, 15-20 mg/kg on days -1, +1, +3, and +5 and thymic irradiation (700 cGy) on day -1. Cyclosporine (CSP) was begun on day -1, with combined Kd/BMT on day 0. Nine additional donor lymphocyte infusions were given to 5 pts (5 for chimerism conversion, 4 for persistent/progressive disease (PD)). Acute (A) and chronic (C) GVHD developed in one patient following DLI for early PD, while chronic GVHD developed in two pts (one after a second stem cell transplant). Characteristics and outcomes of the 7 combined Kd/BMT recipients are as follows: # after 2 nd transplant (myeloablative) from the same donor ; FDC: full donor chimerism In summary, 5 of 7 pts are alive, 4 without evidence of MM from 2.7 to 10.9 yrs post-Kd /BMT. Three pts have normal renal function without IS, while two pts have normal renal function on IS for chronic GVHD. Sustained renal allograft tolerance and prolonged anti-myeloma responses are achievable following nonmyeloablative HLA-matched kidney and BMT and the induction of mixed chimerism. This study was supported by the Immune Tolerance Network, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Equine anti-thymocyte globulin: in vivo T cell depletion Cyclophosphamide:conditioning therapy for transplantation.
The brave new-media world

When physicists in Italy claimed to have seen hints of faster-than-light neutrinos, it initiated a media frenzy as well as criticism of publicity-seeking.
Helminth parasite assemblages in two cyprinids with different life history strategies

Parasitic organisms can affect ecosystems by driving population dynamics of the hosts and influencing community interactions. The life history of the host can determine the relationship with its parasites. Reproductive effort and age of the host are two life history aspects often used to explain parasitic infection. In this study, we examined helminth parasite assemblages in two cyprinids with contrasting reproductive strategies, Cyprinella venusta (crevice spawners) and Notropis volucellus (broadcast spawners), in the Paluxy River (Texas) from May 2014 through October 2015. Host reproduction was measured using the gonadosomatic index, and standard length was used as an estimate of age. Parasite infection was measured using total number of helminths, parasite richness, Shannon’s diversity, and Simpson’s diversity. Our results revealed significant differences in parasite number and diversity between the two species, but not between males and females within species. Additionally, our results showed that standard length was a better predictor of parasitic infection than the gonadosomatic index. The relationship between host size and parasitic infection was expected; however, the lack of a relationship between gonadosomatic indices and parasitic infection was surprising. In conclusion, standard length was a better predictor of parasitic infection than the gonadosomatic index, and as such multiple species and life history traits should be considered when investigating host–parasite relationships.
Does the reputation of a faculty member’s graduate programme and institution matter for labour market outcomes?

For a future faculty member the choice of which graduate programme and institution to attend is considered to have important implications for securing academic employment, developing skills to succ...
Association of left subclavian artery coverage without revascularization and spinal cord ischemia in patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair: A Vascular Quality Initiative® analysis.

ObjectivesInvestigate the impact of left subclavian artery coverage without revascularization on spinal cord ischemia development in patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair.MethodsT...
Identifying RNA splicing factors using IFT genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Intraflagellar transport moves proteins in and out of flagella/cilia and it is essential for the assembly of these organelles. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified splice site mutations in two IFT genes, IFT81 (fla9) and IFT121 (ift121-2), which lead to flagellar assembly defects in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii The splicing defects in these ift mutants are partially corrected by mutations in two conserved spliceosome proteins, DGR14 and FRA10. We identified a dgr14 deletion mutant, which suppresses the 3' splice site mutation in IFT81, and a frameshift mutant of FRA10, which suppresses the 5' splice site mutation in IFT121 Surprisingly, we found dgr14-1 and fra10 mutations suppress both splice site mutations. We suggest these two proteins are involved in facilitating splice site recognition/interaction; in their absence some splice site mutations are tolerated. Nonsense mutations in SMG1, which is involved in nonsense-mediated decay, lead to accumulation of aberrant transcripts and partial restoration of flagellar assembly in the ift mutants. The high density of introns and the conservation of noncore splicing factors, together with the ease of scoring the ift mutant phenotype, make Chlamydomonas an attractive organism to identify new proteins involved in splicing through suppressor screening.
5.14 The Biophysics of Membrane Fusion

A crucial interplay between protein conformations and lipid membrane energetics emerges as the guiding principle for the regulation and mechanism of membrane fusion in biological systems. As some of the basics of fusion become clear, a myriad of compelling questions come to the fore. Is the interior of the fusion pore protein or lipid? Why is synaptic release so fast? Why is PIP 2 needed for exocytosis? How does fusion peptide insertion lead to fusion of viruses to cell membranes? What role does the TMD play? How can studies on membrane fission contribute to our understanding of membrane fusion? What exactly are SNARE proteins doing?
Epilogue: Eighteen Years of Progress in Photomorphogenesis

Science has a way of progressing in giant steps. Between these steps one may find extended periods of consolidation and exploitation of the findings and a rush to incorporate them into the main body of knowledge. The excitement generated by the discoveries often drives an intense competition between laboratories that consolidates them and lays the groundwork for the next giant steps.
The Deep and the Shallow

Wisdom is to have correct views of the goods and bads of human life, and of their relative worth and standing: to understand how to navigate one’s way through these, in the situations in which one finds oneself, so as always to end in a correct (or forgivably mistaken) judgment of how best to act—successfully, wisely. Lacking it, one is in danger of living a life in some way bad or defective. It may be a really corrupt, wicked life. Or it may be simply a wasted one, where the agent squanders talents and time, without doing anything so terribly bad, certainly not to others. Admittedly, we can perhaps speak of the wicked as in a certain way shallow, although that would need elaboration (one’s immediate reaction to extreme cruelty not being “shallow, shallow!”); less contentiously, we can speak of the unjust life of an unjust person as one wasted (though that too is not the first thing we are likely to say). Our talk of waste, etc., is typically more particular– where the issues are rather with idleness, triviality, and superficiality, with failures to appreciate, pursue, or be moved by, things of real human worth: it points to a more specific range of defects and misjudgements of worth, etc. This paper explores the notions of depth and shallowness as they figure in Foot’s reflections on the good, and then considers the implications of these notions for our understanding of what it is to live well or badly and what it is to have lived happily or unhappily.
"TEACHING TABLES II:" Going Global: Integrating by Theme in Upper Level Classes

Upper-level classes, including those in general education, can profit from focusing on semester-long themes. In classes that include a wide array of majors, instructors may seek to choose subjects that have a general appeal as well as potential avenues for individual development. Last year I took globalization as a general theme for my English 302 courses, a subject fitting for our diverse student body. The topic was sufficiently broad not to exclude anyone outright. And each student was required to choose a country by the third week to write about the entire semester. As such, we had a thematic class A¢â¬AcommonsA¢â¬Â to ground class discussions about the definition of globalization and different disciplinary applications, whether cultural, political, or economic. Students were required to summarize and review a number of breaking periodical articles about their country. Discussion groups were arranged around regional interests. Student peer reviews were sometimes assigned so as to facilitate the sharing of common themes. At times, the global connections of students within the class became a fruitful topic of discussion. All major writing assignments followed specific guidelines, but each had to treat a certain facet of the country of choice. The final assignment asked students to integrate research they had done during the semester into an imaginary A¢â¬AcompositeA¢â¬Â profile of a person living in their country who was constructed from sources used during the semester
Abstract WP49: Emboli in New Territory After Mechanical Thrombectomy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: As mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke has become standard therapy, interest has grown in treatment of milder strokes. Minor complications might therefore be import...
Collection of grade 3/4 adverse event (AE) data in a subgroup of patients in cancer clinical trials supporting supplemental indications: A comprehensive analysis.

e17640 Background: Comprehensive collection of safety data in clinical trials provides a complete AE profile of therapies at a significant cost. Kaiser et al (JCO 2010; 28:5046-5053) proposed a sam...
Reducing the computational burden of a microgrid energy management system

Abstract As renewable technology advances and decreases in cost, microgrids are becoming an appealing means of distributed generation both for isolated communities and integrated with existing electrical grid systems. Due to their small size, however, microgrids may have financial limitations which preclude them from using commercial software to optimize control of their assets. Open-source optimization solvers are a viable alternative, but increase computation time. This work expands on a rolling horizon optimization framework for economic dispatch within an existing residential microgrid located in Hoover, Alabama. The microgrid has an open-source solver requirement and a need for quick solution time on a rolling horizon as opposed to a day-ahead commitment. We present a method of reducing integer variables by relaxation which completes two goals: reduction in computation time for real-time operations, and reduction in daily operational cost for the microgrid. Seasonal data for load and photovoltaic (PV) power was also collected from the microgrid to facilitate simulation testing. Computation time was successfully reduced using multiple variations of the relaxation method, while obtaining solution quality with operational cost similar to or better than the original model.
Volunteering and Subsequent Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: An Outcome-Wide Longitudinal Approach.

Introduction Growing evidence documents strong associations between volunteering and favorable health and well-being outcomes. However, epidemiological studies have not evaluated whether changes in volunteering are associated with subsequent health and well-being outcomes. Methods Data were from 12,998 participants in the Health and Retirement Study—a large, diverse, prospective, and nationally representative cohort of U.S. adults aged >50 years. Using multiple logistic, linear, and generalized linear regression models, this study evaluated if changes in volunteering (between t0, 2006/2008 and t1, 2010/2012) were associated with 34 indicators of physical health, health behaviors, and psychosocial well-being (in t2, 2014/2016). Models adjusted for sociodemographics, physical health, health behaviors, psychosocial factors, and personality, as well as volunteering and all outcomes in the prebaseline wave (t0, 2006/2008). Results accounted for multiple testing and data were analyzed in 2019. Results During the 4-year follow-up period, participants who volunteered ≥100 hours/year (versus 0 hours/year) had a reduced risk of mortality and physical functioning limitations, higher physical activity, and better psychosocial outcomes (higher: positive affect, optimism, and purpose in life; lower: depressive symptoms, hopelessness, loneliness, and infrequent contact with friends). Volunteering was not associated with other physical health outcomes (diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cancer, heart disease, lung disease, arthritis, overweight/obesity, cognitive impairment, and chronic pain), health behaviors (binge drinking, smoking, and sleep problems), or psychosocial outcomes (life satisfaction, mastery, health/financial mastery, depression, negative affect, perceived constraints, and contact with other family/children). Conclusions With further research, volunteering is an activity that physicians might suggest to their willing and able patients as a way of simultaneously enhancing health and society.
Lactic acid supplementation increases quantity and quality of gametocytes in Plasmodium falciparum culture

Malaria infection by Plasmodium falciparum continues to afflict millions of people worldwide, with transmission dependent upon mosquito ingestion of the parasite gametocyte stage. These sexually committed stages develop from the asexual stages, yet the factors behind this transition are not completely understood. Here we find that lactic acid increases gametocyte quantity and quality in P. falciparum culture. Low passage NF54 parasites with varied time exposures of 8.2 mM lactic acid were monitored using blood film gametocyte counts and RNA analysis throughout two weeks of gametocyte development in vitro for a total of 5 biological cohorts. We found that daily continuous media exchange and 8.2 mM lactic acid supplementation increased gametocytemia by approximately 2- to 6-fold relative to controls after 5 days. In membrane feeding mosquito infection experiments, we found that gametocytes continuously exposed to 8.2 mM lactic acid supplementations were more infectious to Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, essentially doubling prevalence of infected midguts and oocyst density. Supplementation on days 9-16 did not increase quantity of gametocytes, but did increase quality as measured by oocyst density by 2.4-fold. Lactic acid did not impact asexual growth as measured by blood film and luciferase quantification, as well as radioactive hypoxanthine incorporation assays. These data indicate a novel role for lactic acid in sexual development of the parasite.
Hypothermic machine perfusion utilization and outcomes for deceased-donor kidneys: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) has been established as an efficacious method for preserving kidney allografts from deceased donors in clinical trials, but little data are available on the effectiveness of HMP in real-world settings. We examined factors associated with HMP use and clinical outcomes in a real-world organ procurement organization setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the Lifecenter Northwest organ procurement database from 2010 to 2015, linked to the United Network of Organ Sharing outcomes database. We examined HMP utilization, and our primary outcomes were delayed graft function (DGF) and graft survival, using multivariable Poisson and Cox regression models. Results: Among 1729 deceased-donor kidneys, 797 (46%) were preserved with HMP. Higher donor age, region of procurement, and donation type were associated with HMP use. HMP was associated with a 37% decreased risk of DGF (adjusted relative risk 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–0.78), with no effect on 1-year graft survival (adjusted hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI: 0.38–1.80). Conclusion: Variation exists in the utilization of HMP for deceased donor kidneys. HMP reduced the risk for DGF, but was not associated with improvements in long-term graft survival.
Students’ implicit epistemologies when working at the intersection of engineering and the arts

This paper explores the epistemologies and discourse of undergraduate students at the transdisciplinary intersection of engineering and the arts. Our research questions focus on the kinds of knowledge that students value, use, and identify within an interdisciplinary digital media program, as well as how they talk about using these epistemologies while navigating this transdisciplinary intersection. Six interviews were conducted with students pursuing a semester-long senior capstone project in the digital culture undergraduate degree program in the School of Arts, Media and Engineering at Arizona State University that emphasizes the intersection between arts, media, and engineering. Using deductive coding followed by discourse analysis, a variety of student epistemologies including positivism, constructionism, and pragmatism were observed. “Border epistemologies” are introduced as a way to think and/or construct knowledge with differing value across disciplines. Further, discourse analysis highlighted students’ identifications with being either an artist or an engineer and revealed linguistic choice in how students use knowledge and problem-solve in these situations. Students in a digital media program use fluid, changing epistemological viewpoints when working on their projects, partly driven by orientations with arts and/or engineering. The findings from this study can lead to implications for the design and teaching of transdisciplinary capstones in the future.
Cosmological constraints from H ii starburst galaxy, quasar angular size, and other measurements

We compare the constraints from two (2019 and 2021) compilations of HII starburst galaxy (HIIG) data and test the model-independence of quasar angular size (QSO) data using six spatially flat and non-flat cosmological models. We find that the new 2021 compilation of HIIG data generally provides tighter constraints and prefers lower values of cosmological parameters than those from the 2019 HIIG data. QSO data by themselves give relatively model-independent constraints on the characteristic linear size, $l_{\rm m}$, of the QSOs within the sample. We also use Hubble parameter ($H(z)$), baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), Pantheon Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) apparent magnitude (SN-Pantheon), and DES-3yr binned SN Ia apparent magnitude (SN-DES) measurements to perform joint analyses with HIIG and QSO angular size data, since their constraints are not mutually inconsistent within the six cosmological models we study. A joint analysis of $H(z)$, BAO, SN-Pantheon, SN-DES, QSO, and the newest compilation of HIIG data provides almost model-independent summary estimates of the Hubble constant, $H_0=69.7\pm1.2\ \rm{km \ s^{-1} \ Mpc^{-1}}$, the non-relativistic matter density parameter, $\Omega_{\rm m_0}=0.293\pm0.021$, and $l_{\rm m}=10.93\pm0.25$ pc.
Instruction as a Conversation: The Imperative for Message Layer Design

The architectural theory of instructional design (Gibbons, 2014; Gibbons & Rogers, 2009) identifies seven major functions carried out by instruction, coinciding with seven independently designable “layers” of a design. The message layer is one of these. The purpose of this monograph is to establish the validity and utility of the message layer as an important functional unit of an instructional design. Doing so would represent a major step forward in our understanding of instructional design theory and practice.
NRG Oncology/Alliance LU005: A Phase II/III Randomized Study of Chemoradiation vs. Chemoradiation Plus Atezolizumab in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose/objective(s) Clinical outcomes for limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) remain suboptimal. Standard of care chemoradiation with platinum/etoposide and thoracic radiation to 45 Gy delivered twice daily followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation yields a median overall survival of 30 months. LU005 is a randomized phase II/III trial designed to test the addition of atezolizumab to concurrent chemoradiation. Materials/methods Patients with LS-SCLC (Tx-T4, N0-N3, M0) are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either standard chemoradiation, consisting of thoracic radiation (45 Gy twice daily or 66 Gy daily) with concurrent platinum/etoposide chemotherapy, or the experimental arm, consisting of the same chemoradiation regimen plus the addition of atezolizumab delivered concurrently with thoracic radiation, every 3 weeks for 12 months duration. Thoracic radiation begins with the second cycle of chemotherapy in both treatment arms. Stratification variables include radiation schedule (once daily vs. twice daily), chemotherapy (cisplatin vs. carboplatin), gender, and performance status (PS 0/1 vs. 2). Prophylactic cranial radiation is recommended for patients who have a response to treatment. The phase II primary endpoint is progression free survival (PFS) and the phase III primary endpoint is overall survival (OS). The overall sample size for phase II/III will be 506. Secondary endpoints include objective response rates, local control, distant metastases free, and quality of life. Correlative studies will include blood and tissue based tumor mutational burden analysis, with the hypothesis that higher mutational burden will predict for improved PFS in the experimental arm. Results As of 3/01/2021, 374 sites are approved to enroll patients. Two-hundred patients have been accrued. Current enrollment is ahead of projected accrual. Conclusion LU005 is a randomized II/III trial testing the addition of atezolizumab to standard chemoradiation for LS-SCLC. Accrual remains robust in spite of the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic. Funding This project was supported by grants U10CA180868 (NRG Oncology Operations), U10CA180822 (NRG Oncology SDMC), U24CA180803 (IROC) from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Genentech.
Design of negotiation agents based on behavior models

Despite the widespread adoption of e-commerce and online purchasing by consumers over the last two decades, automated software agents that can negotiate the issues of an e-commerce transaction with consumers still do not exist. A major challenge in designing automated agents lies in the ability to predict the consumer's behavior adequately throughout the negotiation process. We employ switching linear dynamical systems (SLDS) within a minimum description length framework to predict the consumer's behavior. Based on the SLDS prediction model, we design software agents that negotiate e-commerce transactions with consumers on behalf of online merchants. We evaluate the agents through simulations of typical negotiation behavior models discussed in the negotiation literature and actual buyer behavior from an agent-human negotiation experiment.