cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La economía mundial y de América Latina en 1994 : perspectivas e interrogantes para 1995

La interdependencia economica internacional y la globalizacion de los mercados que hoy imperan en el mundo han hecho que la crisis mexicana de fines de 1994 repercuta sobre las diferentes economias industriales y en desarrollo. En este trabajo se abordan las caracteristicas de las tendencias de la economia mundial y de America Latina a la luz de este fenomeno. El autor realiza primeramente un balance del ano 1994, enfatizando las consecuencias del "efecto tequila" y la necesidad de realizar una reflexion profunda sobre las estrategias que se han adoptado en la region latinoamericana. Finalmente, se refiere a los cambios que presenta el panorama economico y las perspectivas de America Latina para 1995.
Using open source to enhance learning

Over the course of the last eight years, open source software has emerged as an important stimulus for social and economic change in the communication and information technology (C&IT) industry. Even though the roots of this change stem from education, educators have been slow to adapt. This paper presents an overview of how early adopters have used open source software to enhance learning. In addition, this paper presents the results of the collaboration between the Java society, the Bayamon campus of inter American university of Puerto Rico, and the Puerto Rico government. The result of the collaboration was the creation of SNAP development center, an open source software development project created within inter American university that employs undergraduate student researchers. The objectives of the project have been to increase the number and enhance the quality of graduates with expertise in the C&IT area of interest.
Versatile high-throughput filter for altering the spectrum of multiple-frequency lasers.

This device filters any desired subset of frequencies from a multiple‐frequency laser without reducing substantially either the power in the remaining frequencies or the optical quality of the reconstructed beam. It should be useful in multiple‐frequency laser photochemistry and the probing of multiple‐frequency laser media.
A validation study of a simulation model for common source epidemics

Abstract We consider an environment and a population of individuals who are susceptible to a disease caused by a pathogen spread from a common source. We view the sequence of events resulting in the illness of some individuals as consisting of three components: the introduction of the pathogens and their dispersion through the environment, the movement of susceptible individuals through the environment, and the physiological effects of exposure of susceptible individuals to various pathogen levels. We identify four important parameters: two for each of the first and third components. A computer simulation of a model with these features is developed and implemented to study a 1977 outbreak of toxoplasmosis. Questions of parameter estimation and model validation are considered in detail.
Human Perceivable Authentication: An Economical Solution for Security Associations in Short-Distance Wireless Networking

A challenge in secure pairing of two wireless devices is how to share a secret between the two devices in a user-friendly manner, as many users practically choose the simplest setup of no security. Various out-of-band (OOB) methods have been proposed in the literature, where either extra hardware is required (e.g. infrared device, digital camera, near-field communication device, USB flash drive, etc.) or wireless devices with a keyboard/display are assumed. In this paper, we propose a novel method of human perceivable authentication (HPA) that, without any extra hardware, achieves industry-standard security for user interface (UI) constrained devices. A feature of the proposed HPA scheme is the simplicity of user operation for device pairing: a user presses and releases a button on an initiating wireless device in concert with the on/off pattern of LED light on a correspondent wireless device. Simulation experiments have been performed to evaluate the usability aspect of the proposed HPA scheme.
e-NeXSh: achieving an effectively non-executable stack and heap via system-call policing

We present e-NeXSh, a novel security approach that utilises kernel and LIBC support for efficiently defending systems against process-subversion attacks. Such attacks exploit vulnerabilities in software to override its program control-flow and consequently invoke system calls, causing out-of-process damage. Our technique defeats such attacks by monitoring all LIBC function and system-call invocations, and validating them against process-specific information that strictly prescribes the permissible behaviour for the program (unlike general sandboxing techniques that require manually maintained, explicit policies, we use the program code itself as a guideline for an implicit policy). Any deviation from this behaviour is considered malicious, and we halt the attack, limiting its damage to within the subverted process. We implemented e-NeXSh as a set of modifications to the Linux-2.4.18-3 kernel and a new user-space shared library (e-NeXSh.so). The technique is transparent, requiring no modifications to existing libraries or applications. e-NeXSh was able to successfully defeat both code-injection and LIBC-based attacks in our effectiveness tests. The technique is simple and lightweight, demonstrating no measurable overhead for select UNIX utilities, and a negligible 1.55% performance impact on the Apache Web server
A study of psychiatric emergencies. 3. Findings on followup.

Criteria to measure the effectiveness of a psychiatric emergency consultation service include (1) whether or not the recommendations made were followed, and (2) the rate of hospitalizations in the followup period.Negro females were identified as following outpatient recommendations least often of any group. With this finding, the suitability of the classical recommendations available is discussed.The hospitalization rate for the psychiatric emergency group in the followup period is significantly higher than the national rate. This finding is independent of (1) hospitalizations effected at the time of the emergency evaluations and (2) psychiatric hospitalizations in the followup period. This result suggests that a large fraction of the psychiatric emergency population presents with extensive pathology which is not or cannot be dealt with in the context of the emergency consultation.
Recognizing American Sign Language Letters: A Machine Learning Experience in an Introductory AI Course

This paper describes a class project to introduce machine learning topics to an introductory artificial intelligence course as part of the MLExAI Project. The project’s topic was taken from the area of computer vision, specifically the use of principal component analysis for image classification. As a project within their AI class, students developed programs in the GNU Octave programming environment that successfully classified images of hands signing letters from American Sign Language according to the letter being signed. Based on surveys and analysis of course examinations, we found that students enjoyed and were motivated by the project, and the project seemed to enhance their learning of machine learning concepts.
The Writer’s Individualized Transfer Tool: A Freeware Innovation for Fostering and Researching Transfer of Writing Skills and Knowledge

Most higher education institutions lack a program that promotes students’ transfer—that is, reapplication or repurposing—of writing skills and knowledge across the curriculum, a phenomenon that research shows does not tend to happen without deliberate sustained support. This article introduces an online instrument, the Writer’s Individualized Transfer Tool, which the author invented to intervene in this area as a supplemental or provisional effort, using freeware to foster and research students’ writing transfer from first-year composition to other courses and potentially beyond. The article reviews relevant scholarship on transfer in writing, describes and illustrates Writer’s Individualized Transfer Tool’s design, provides instructions for the tool’s implementation and usage, reviews some results from a pilot study of an application of the tool in an first-year composition curriculum, and discusses related issues requiring further consideration.
Tharwa: A Large Scale Dialectal Arabic - Standard Arabic - English Lexicon

We introduce an electronic three-way lexicon, Tharwa, comprising Dialectal Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic and English correspondents. The paper focuses on Egyptian Arabic as the first pilot dialect for the resource, with plans to expand to other dialects of Arabic in later phases of the project. We describe Tharwas creation process and report on its current status. The lexical entries are augmented with various elements of linguistic information such as POS, gender, rationality, number, and root and pattern information. The lexicon is based on a compilation of information from both monolingual and bilingual existing resources such as paper dictionaries and electronic, corpus-based dictionaries. Multiple levels of quality checks are performed on the output of each step in the creation process. The importance of this lexicon lies in the fact that it is the first resource of its kind bridging multiple variants of Arabic with English. Furthermore, it is a wide coverage lexical resource containing over 73,000 Egyptian entries. Tharwa is publicly available. We believe it will have a significant impact on both Theoretical Linguistics as well as Computational Linguistics research.
The Ten Tenets of Male Spirituality

This paper summarizes a three-stage study of spiritual influences that play a formative role in male gender identities. During the first stage participants volunteered that spiritual beliefs played...
The impact of evidence: evolving therapy for acute ischemic stroke in a large healthcare system

Background With a recent surge of clinical trials, the treatment of ischemic stroke has undergone dramatic changes. Objective To evaluate the impact of evidence and a revamped stroke protocol on a large healthcare system. Methods A retrospective review of 69 patients with ischemic stroke treated with intra-arterial therapy was carried out. Cohort 1 included patients treated before implementation of a new stroke protocol, and cohort 2 after implementation. Angiographic outcome was graded using the Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results Primary outcomes comparing cohorts demonstrated decreased arrival-to-puncture time (cohort 2: 104 vs cohort 1: 181 min, p Conclusions An interdisciplinary and rapid response to the emergence of strong clinical evidence can result in dramatic changes in a large healthcare system.
Overview of the 2010 AIAA Shock Boundary Layer Interaction Workshop

A high fidelity, physics-based, modeling capability is required to design and analyze the next generation of high speed inlets. Shock boundary layer interactions represent a critical fluid flow phenomenon that must be accurately modeled to improve high speed inlet design. A shock boundary layer interaction workshop was held to assess the current state of the art in computational fluid dynamics predictions for this class of flow, to learn how to collect validation quality data, and to evaluate validation metrics. This paper summarizes the background and challenge problems used in the workshop.
Separation of trypsin inhibitors of human plasma on DEAE-cellulose.

SummaryChromatography of human plasma on DEAE-cellulose permits the separation of 3 fractions which inhibit trypsin. The first of these inhibits trypsin only partially, and is an α2-macroglobulin. The second fraction represents most of the inhibitor in plasma, and must be largely that previously identified with the α1-globulin fraction. The third fraction is very stable to heating at low pH, and is largely made up of material with a mobility very close to that of albumin. A fourth component can be shown to differ from these with respect to its behavior in gel filtration.
Polymers from Fatty Acids: Poly(ω-hydroxyl tetradecanoic acid) Synthesis and Physico-Mechanical Studies

This Article describes the synthesis and physicomechanical properties of bioplastics prepared from methyl ω-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (Me-ω-OHC14), a new monomer available by a fermentation process using an engineered Candida tropicalis strain. Melt-condensation experiments were conducted using titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti[OiPr](4)) as a catalyst in a two-stage polymerization (2 h at 200 °C under N(2), 4 h at 220 °C under 0.1 mmHg). Poly(ω-hydroxytetradecanoate), P(ω-OHC14), M(w), determined by SEC-MALLS, increased from 53K to 110K as the Ti(OiPr)(4) concentration increased from 50 to 300 ppm. By varying the polymerization conditions (catalyst concentration, reaction time, second-stage reaction temperature) a series of P(ω-OHC14) samples were prepared with M(w) values from 53K to 140K. The synthesized polyesters with M(w) ranging from 53K to 140K were subjected to characterization by DSC, TGA, DMTA, and tensile testing. Influences of P(ω-OHC14) molecular weight, melting point, and enthalpies of melting/crystallization on material tensile properties were explored. Cold-drawing tensile tests at room temperature for P(ω-OHC14) with M(w) 53K-78K showed a brittle-to-ductile transition. In contrast, P(ω-OHC14) with M(w) 53K undergoes brittle fracture. Increasing P(ω-OHC14) M(w) above 78K resulted in a strain-hardening phenomena and tough properties with elongation at break ~700% and true tensile strength of ~50 MPa. Comparisons between high density polyethylene and P(ω-OHC14) mechanical and thermal properties as a function of their respective molecular weights are discussed.
People: Their Capacities, Limitations, and Expectations in Pharmaceutical Industry

AbstractThis paper considers the human capacities and limitations of people performing industrial tasks. Using the Human Factors techniques of work physiology, anthropometry, and psychology, the worker's capacity for physical work is determined, his body dimension characteristics are considered, and his psychological expectations associated with the equipment are noted.
Prestoration: using species in restoration that will persist now and into the future

Climate change presents new challenges for selecting species for restoration. If migration fails to keep pace with climate change, as models predict, the most suitable sources for restoration may not occur locally at all. To address this issue, we propose a strategy of “prestoration”: utilizing species in restoration for which a site represents suitable habitat now and into the future. Using the Colorado Plateau, United States, as a case study, we assess the ability of grass species currently used regionally in restoration to persist into the future using projections of ecological niche models (or climate envelope models) across a suite of climate change scenarios. We then present a technique for identifying new species that best compensate for future losses of suitable habitat by current target species. We found that the current suite of species, selected by a group of experts, is predicted to perform reasonably well in the short term, but that losses of prestorable habitat by mid-century would approach 40%. Using an algorithm to identify additional species, we found that fewer than 10 species could compensate for nearly all of the losses incurred by the current target species. This case study highlights the utility of integrating ecological niche modeling and future climate forecasts to predict the utility of species in restoring under climate change across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
When Digital Badges Work: It’s Not About the Badges, It’s About Learning Ecosystems

This chapter reframes the question “do badges work?” to explore when badges work. It presents three cases studied by the Design Principles Documentation project to demonstrate dynamic uses of digital badges and discuss the myriad issues associated with using digital badges as an assessment tool.
Protective Nature of Platelet-Rich Plasma Against Chondrocyte Death When Combined With Corticosteroids or Local Anesthetics

Background:The use of corticosteroids and local anesthetics to treat osteoarthritis has established benefits, including relief of pain and increased range of motion, but may also have the potential to lead to tissue atrophy or degeneration, specifically on chondrocytes. There is growing evidence that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has anti-inflammatory characteristics that can limit the cytotoxic effects of corticosteroids and local anesthetics.Hypothesis/Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of PRP in chondrocyte cultures when combined with corticosteroids or local anesthetics. The hypothesis of this study was that PRP would (1) dampen the negative effects on chondrocyte viability and (2) improve chondrocyte proliferation seen with corticosteroid or local anesthetic treatment alone.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Peripheral blood was obtained from 8 healthy participants, followed by centrifugation to obtain PRP. Human chondrocytes were treated with PRP alone or in co...
Anti-estrogens act as chemo-preventatives in prostate cancer progression.

B152 It is known that the steroid hormones testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) are associated with prostate cancer (PRCA) progression. It has previously been demonstrated that the anti-estrogen, Toremifene, prevents PRCA progression in men. However, it is unknown which estrogen receptors (ERs) are present within the prostate and if other clinically used anti-estrogens may affect human PRCA progression. The objectives of these experiments were to determine which ERs are present within prostate and prostate cancer tissues and to evaluate the role of the clinically relevant anti-estrogen, Keoxifene hydrochloride, in HUMAN PRCA progression utilizing the SVM+BPH-1 tissue recombination model. Tissue recombinants were grown in untreated mice and in mice treated with T+E2, T+E2+Keoxifene hydrochloride (25 mg), or T only for two months and then plasma and tissues were collected. Plasma levels of T were within normal ranges of men whereas E2 concentrations were approximately 3-fold higher then typically found in men. No differences in T or E2 were observed between T+E2 and T+E2+Keoxifene hydrochloride treated groups. To determine which ERs were present within tissue recombinants rtPCR, Western analyses, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Through rtPCR analysis both ER-alpha and ER-beta were detected within BPH-1 cells derived from non-tumorigenic (BPH-1-NT) and tumorigenic (BPH-1-TD) tissue recombinants. Both BPH-1-NT and BPH-1-TD contained ER-alpha protein of variable molecular weights (including 66, 63, 36 kd), however these cells were negative for the membrane ER, GPR30, as determined by Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that in tissue recombinants grown in untreated animals ER-alpha was present primarily within the stroma whereas ER-beta was present within the epithelium. In T+E2-treated mice, tissue recombinants developed into large invasive tumors that metastasized, whereas tissue recombinants in T+E2+ Keoxifene hydrochloride, T only, or untreated mice were small and non-invasive with significantly (P
Psychosocial Functioning and Decisional Balance to Use Condoms in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample of Young Gay/Bisexual Men Who Have Sex with Men

Young gay/bisexual and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM; ages 18–24) are experiencing an increase in HIV infection rates, particularly if they are Black or Latino. Psychosocial functioning is consistently implicated in HIV risk behaviors; however, less is known about the role of these factors in YGBMSM’s decision-making process to use condoms (i.e., decisional balance to use condoms; DBC). We examined whether YGBMSM’s psychological functioning was associated differentially with their DBC across racial/ethnic groups. Using data from a cross-sectional web-survey of single YGBMSM (N = 1380; 9.9% Black; 18.6% Latino; 71.5% White), we performed racial/ethnic-specific multivariable regression models to explore the association between DBC and psychological factors (e.g., depression, anxiety), demographics (e.g., age, education, HIV status, prior STI diagnosis), and perceived difficulty implementing safer sex strategies. Black YGBMSM reported lower DBC if they reported higher depression symptoms (β = −.31, p < .05), were HIV-negative (β = −.20, p < .05), and had greater difficulty implementing safer sex strategies (β = −.32, p < .001). Latino participants reported greater DBC to use condoms if they reported greater anxiety symptoms (β = .21, p < .05). White participants reported greater DBC if they were younger (β = −.09, p < .01), did not report a prior STI (β = .10, p < .001), and had fewer difficulties implementing safer sex strategies (β = −.27, p < .001); DBC had no association to psychological well-being among White participants. Psychological factors may be differentially associated with DBC across racial/ethnic group categories. Health promotion initiatives targeting condom use may benefit from culturally tailored interventions that address psychosocial functioning and its role in YGBMSM’s condom use decision-making.
On the use of discontinuous nonlinear bistable dynamics to increase the responsiveness of energy harvesting devices

Abstract There is promise in the use of bistable devices to transduce ambient vibrations into electrical power. However, it is critical to sustain the relatively large amplitude snap-through motion, or interwell motion, to significantly improve the responsiveness of bistable devices as compared to linear resonance-based approaches. This work posits that relatively stiff structural elements can be placed in the vicinity of the equilibria of bistable devices such that the discontinuous change in dynamics will tend to eject an otherwise small amplitude motion into the large amplitude interwell orbit that is to be preferred for energy harvesting applications. The discontinuous nonlinear dynamic equations of motion are derived and a proxy system parametrically studied. These numerical studies demonstrate that discontinuous nonlinear bistable devices have a significantly broadened frequency range that elicits the large amplitude snap through behavior. It is also seen that interwell motion is achievable at significantly reduced excitation amplitudes through these discontinuous structural elements.
Introduction: multicultural education 2.0

Digital media offers people new ways to understand themselves and others, to exercise significant choices in the production and consumption of information and ideas, and to engage in wide-ranging s...
Legs that Deform Elastically

Central to the design of a legged system is the mechanical design of the leg itself. Legs are the elements that exert forces on the body to propel the body forward for transport, to counteract gravitational loading, and to keep the body in an upright posture. Most legs designed for legged machines are intended to be rigid, yet animals have legs that deform substantially under load. Compliance in legs can improve efficiency, reduce maximum loading, and simplify control. This paper compares various types of elastic storage mechanisms and considers the design of legs that use them.
Securing Cyber-Physical Systems from Hardware Trojan Collusion

Hardware Trojans, which are malicious modifications made to circuits, may cause severe security issues in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). CPS are usually composed of multiple untrusted nodes and a trusted server, with each node connecting to the server wirelessly in a multi-hop manner. A Trojan in one node may broadcast messages with triggers secretly embedded to simultaneously activate multiple Trojans in other nodes, causing system-wide catastrophe. To prevent hardware Trojan collusion in CPS, this paper presents a collaborative defensive framework. When deploying the network, a security requirement of vendor diversity is enforced between neighboring nodes, thus precluding collusion between neighboring nodes and allowing them to monitor each other's behavior. At runtime, a mutual auditing protocol is utilized to check, for each message, whether it is correctly encrypted by the source node and whether its content is maliciously changed by any node on the routing path. This protocol ensures that any message embedded with hardware Trojan trigger is either muted or detected and abandoned, while the benign messages are thwarted. The experimental results show that the framework effectively prevents hardware Trojan collusion with low latency overhead and almost no impact on packet completion rate and network throughput.
Religiosity and Group-Binding Moral Concerns

Research by Graham and Haidt (2010) suggests that beliefs, rituals, and other social aspects of religion establish moral communities. As such, they suggest religion is most strongly associated with the group-focused “binding” moral foundations of ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity. Two studies tested this hypothesis, investigating the role of political orientation in these relationships. These studies supported our hypothesis that general religiosity is positively associated with each of the group-focused moral foundations, even when controlling for the role of political orientation. Further, we find religious and political orientations interact such that low-religious political liberals are least likely to endorse group-focused moral intuitions. Results are discussed in a moral foundations framework and consider the role of religiosity’s association with political orientation and group-focused moral foundations.
Mechanochemical synthesis of zinc and palladium complexes of dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylate and analysis of solid-state reaction kinetics

Abstract Mechanochemical synthesis of a series of Zn and Pd dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes (Ln, where n specifies the number of carbons in the α- or β-substituted alkyl chains) including ZnLβ12Cl2, ZnLβ14Cl2, ZnLα14Cl2, ZnLα14I2, and PdLα14Cl2 is explored through a variety of linear and sigmoidial reaction models. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Yerofeev-Kolmogrov (JMAYK) and Finke-Watzky (FW) models are largely equivalent as demonstrated through analysis of Akaike weights. This analysis was extended to the previously reported syntheses of PdLβ10I2, PdLα16I2, and PdLβ16I2 with similar results, except that the JMAYK model is significantly superior to the FW model for PdLβ16I2. The physical properties of the reaction mixture, most prominently whether the product phase is easily mixed, is a major factor in determining the rate of reaction.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Inflammatory Arthritides

Although the end-stage sequelae of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are nowhere near as frequently encountered since the advent of DMARDs (Disease Modulating Anti-Rheumatic Drugs), RA is still the most commonly encountered inflammatory arthropathy affecting the upper extremity. This is a disease marked by chronic synovitis and articular destruction, oftentimes accompanied by tenosynovitis and involvement of other soft tissue structures. Deformity can be managed with soft tissue and bony reconstruction, arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. Tendon rupture is common in untreated or longstanding cases and can be addressed with a multitude of tendon transfer options. Other autoimmune and inflammatory conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis can involve the upper extremity, producing characteristic physical signs and patterns of arthropathy. Many options for medical management exist, and the student should be familiar with the various mechanisms of action of these drugs as well as their side effects. One should also have an understanding of the management of immunomodulating medications in the preoperative and perioperative period.
Medullary serotonergic network deficiency in the sudden infant death syndrome: review of a 15-year study of a single dataset.

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality in the United States today, despite a dramatic 38% decrease in incidence due to a national risk reduction campaign advocating the supine sleep position. Our research in SIDS brainstems, beginning in 1985 and involving a single, large dataset, has become increasingly focused upon a specific neurotransmitter (serotonin) and specific territories (ventral medulla and regions of the medullary reticular formation that contain secrotonergic neurons). Based on this research, we propose that SIDS, or a subset of SIDS, is due to a developmental abnormality in a medullary network composed of (at least in part) rhombic lip-derived, serotonergic neurons, including in the caudal raphe and arcuate nucleus (putative human homologue of the cat respiratory chemosensitive fields); and this abnormality results in a failure of protective responses to life-threatening stressors (e.g. asphyxia, hypoxia, hypercapnia) during sleep as the infant passes through a critical period in homeostatic control. We call this the medullary serotonergic network deficiency hypothesis. We review the triple-risk model for SIDS, the development of the dataset using tissue autoradiography for analyzing neurotransmitter receptor binding; age-dependent baseline neurochemical findings in the human brainstem during early life; the evidence for serotonergic, rhombic lip, and ventral medullary deficits in at least some SIDS victim; possible mechanisms of sudden infant death related to these deficits; and potential causes of the deficits in the medullary serotonergic network in SIDS victims. We conclude with a summary of future directions in SIDS brainstem research.
How do academic advisers use MAP-Works when advising first-year direct from high school freshmen

The purpose of this research was to examine the efficacy of the MAP-Works retention tool. MAP-Works is an online survey given to all first-year direct from high school freshmen that predicts individual student’s risk for experiencing academic difficulty within their first year of college. This dissertation identifies the extent to which academic advisers at a large Midwestern Research institution utilize the MAP-Works survey results when advising first-year direct from high school freshmen as well as how they use MAP-Works survey data during their advising appointments. Academic advisers’ opinions on the efficacy and usefulness of the MAP-Works tool were examined. The MAP-Works transition survey has been distributed to all incoming freshmen at this aforementioned institution since the fall of 2008; however, to date, there has not been any research conducted relative to the way in which academic advisers use the information provided from MAPWorks when advising first-year direct from high school freshmen. Data for this project were collected using an online survey which was provided to all academic advisers (both professional staff and faculty). In an effort to gain more information on how and the extent to which academic advisers use the MAP-Works survey results, follow-up interviews were conducted with those who volunteered to participate in the follow up interview. This study represents a first-of-its-kind research effort at the site institution. Descriptive statistics were combined with the follow-up interviews in order to enhance the results of this study. The results of this study indicated that none of the academic advisers at the site institution use MAP-Works as their only tool. Further,
Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase with Urinary Tract Infections

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small lipophilic gaseous molecule which is released from non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) neurons and is synthesized in a variety of mammalian tissues including macrophages and neutrophils. NO is synthesized from L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with L-citrulline being a co-product. In many systems, NO activates a cytosolic guanylyl cyclase enzyme with the resultant formation of the second messenger, cyclic GMP. Cyclic GMP, in turn, initiates a cascade of protein phosphorylations which leads to functional responses.1
Nutritional Intake in Adolescent Athletes

Nutrition plays a critical role in the success of the competitive adolescent athlete. Some groups have stricter nutrition requirements than others. The authors summarize nutrition intake data on serious female gymnasts, ballet dancers, and high-school cross-country runners. This article also discusses the nutritional needs of young male wrestlers and weightlifters.
Comparing the Predictive Attributes of the Seattle Heart Failure Model for Death Versus Heart Failure Hospitalization

Introduction During periods of relative disease stability, risk prediction models for heart failure (HF) such as the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) may provide incremental, objective information for assisting therapeutic decisions. Given the predominance of modifiable risk factors in the SHFM, which may only transiently characterize the HF milieu, the SHFM's predictive information may only be useful for a limited time after its assessment. Accordingly, this study sought to identify the “warranty period” of the SHFM - the length of time following assessment that the SHFM provides acceptable predictive information - for two salient HF outcomes: death and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). Secondary aims included comparing the discriminatory capacity of the SHFM and the differential predictive power of individual model elements with respect to these outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study incorporated data from the electronic medical records (EMR) of patients from a single, large integrated health care system. HF patients were identified through the appropriate ICD9 codes and baseline dates assigned as the first completed office visit ≥2 years following the first EMR-documented encounter. The office visit environment was chosen as a point of presumed disease stability - a context where prediction models should be most valuable. The 14 SHFM elements were determined from EMR documentation on or prior to the baseline office visit. Study endpoints were all-cause death, HFH, and death/HFH, with HFH defined as inpatient admissions with HF as the primary discharge diagnosis. Warranty periods for the SHFM were considered by evaluating its predictive performance within non-overlapping 3-month intervals following baseline in a series of landmark analyses. Modifiable and non-modifiable SHFM elements were analyzed separately. Results Among 20,733 HF patients for whom quantitative risk estimates from the SHFM were calculated at an office visit, 46%, 15%, and 52% experienced death, HFH, or death/HFH over an average follow-up period of 3.9 years. The SHFM had decreasing predictive performance over time with decrements in c-statistics from baseline to 12 months post-baseline of 0.05, 0.03, and 0.03 for death, HFH, and death/HFH, respectively. The declining predictive performance was attributable solely to modifiable SHFM elements. The SHFM predicted 1-year death better than 1-year HFH (c=0.66 vs. c=0.62). Among the 4 strongest predictors of death or HFH at 1 year, diuretic dose, hemoglobin, and % lymphocytes predicted both outcomes; however, the strongest predictor of 1-year death was age, and of 1-year HFH, ejection fraction. Conclusions The SHFM predicted death better than HFH, but the model's predictive power for both endpoints declined over time, attributed solely to the model's modifiable elements. At least annual updating of the modifiable elements is recommended for proper clinical application of the SHFM.
Analysis of the equilibrium wall model for high-speed turbulent flows

Available direct numerical simulation databases are used to study the sensitivity of wall model predictions to different eddy viscosity models, damping function scalings, and associated constants. A new ``mixedmin2'' damping function scaling is proposed, which works better for high-speed flows over a range of conditions.
Evidence for Diminished Functional Expression of Intestinal Transporters in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers at High Passages

Purpose. To investigate the effects of passaging on the intrinsic membrane transport parameters of compounds absorbed by means of passive and carrier-mediated processes in the Caco-2 cell line.
PrEParing to End the HIV Epidemic — California’s Route as a Road Map for the United States

PrEParing to End the HIV Epidemic A new California law will allow pharmacists to furnish a 30-to-60-day supply of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV without a prescription from a physician. Though the...
Sternal osteomyelitis secondary to Aspergillus fumigatus after cardiothoracic surgery

Sternal Osteomyelitis from Aspergillus fumigatus in immunocompetent patients is extremely rare with limited number of cases reported so far. Here we discuss the case of a 65-year-old female with osteomyelitis of the sternum caused by Aspergillus fumigatus after undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Patient was treated with surgical debridement and prolonged antifungal therapy; however, the course was complicated due to poor adherence to antifungal therapy.
Can Undergraduate Orthopaedic Student Internship Programme (sip) Improve Student Perception of “Readiness” for Clinical Practice?

Medical students in their final year face the ever-real challenge of translating their knowledge into clinical skills and from the textbooks onto patients. With a change of role...
A Phase Analysis Method for Ferromagnetic Resonance Characterization of Magnetic Nanowires

This paper presents a phase analysis method (PAM) in DC field domain to detect ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) properties of magnetic nanowires. The S-parameter phase is extracted, and a derivative is applied to show FMR frequencies and magnetic moment direction. A comparison between the magnitude method and PAM is made. PAM provides advantages in determining FMR frequencies for overlapped linewidths. For a two-port coplanar waveguide (CPW) test circuit, the sample placement effect is studied. The phase derivative results show consistent FMR frequencies at DC field of 0.87T for different sample placements. Similarly, three different types of nanowires, iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) are measured and can be easily distinguished. Finally, on a one-port shorted CPW test circuit, the length effect is studied. Two nanowire chips from one sample are diced with the same width but different lengths. When compared, their FMR frequencies possess differences of 0.06T using PAM.
A Guide and Index for Finding Evidence of The Original Meaning of The U.S. Constitution in Early State Constitutions and Declarations of Rights

When the original thirteen states declared independence from Great Britain, their former colonial charters became obsolete. Eleven states quickly addressed this situation by adopting state constitutions and, in some cases, declarations of rights to replace their charters. These state documents greatly influenced the drafting of the United States Constitution. Accordingly, scholars and judges often cite these early state documents when making claims about the original meaning of the U.S. Constitution. This Article provides a concise guide to this practice of finding evidence of the original meaning in these early state constitutions and declarations of rights. It explains the history of the documents, where to find them online, and how writers have used them to discern the original meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The Article includes a comprehensive index, with more than 1700 entries, to help researchers discover relevant provisions.
Mapping Transcription Factor-Nucleosome Dynamics from Plasma cfDNA

Abstract Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) contains a composite map of the epigenomes of its cells-of-origin. Tissue-specific transcription factor (TF) binding inferred from cfDNA could enable us to track disease states in humans in a minimally invasive manner. Here, by enriching for short cfDNA fragments, we directly map TF footprints at single binding sites from plasma. We show that the enrichment of TF footprints in plasma reflects the binding strength of the TF in cfDNA tissue-of-origin. Based on this principle, we were able to identify the subset of genome-wide binding sites for selected TFs that leave TF-specific footprints in plasma. These footprints enabled us to not only identify the tissue-of-origin of cfDNA but also map the chromatin structure around the factor-bound sites in their cells-of-origin. To ask if we can use these plasma TF footprints to map cancer states, we first defined pure tumor TF signatures in plasma in vivo using estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer xenografts. We found that the tumor-specific cfDNA protections of ER-α could distinguish WT, ER-amplified, and ER-mutated xenografts. Further, tumor-specific cfDNA protections of ER-α and FOXA1 reflect TF-specific accessibility across human breast tumors, demonstrating our ability to capture tumor TF binding in plasma. We then scored TF binding in human plasma samples and identified specific binding sites whose plasma TF protections can identify the presence of cancer and specifically breast cancer. Thus, plasma TF footprints enable minimally invasive mapping of the regulatory landscape of cancer in humans.
Work Expectations, Realizations, and Depression in Older Workers

We explore the impact on depressive symptoms of deviation in actual labor force behavior at age 62 from earlier expectations. Our sample of 4,241 observations is drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We examine workers who were less than 62 years of age at the 1992 HRS baseline, and who had reached age 62 by our study endpoint, enabling comparison of actual labor force withdrawal with earlier expectations. Poisson regression were used to estimate the impact of expected full-time work status on depressive symptoms; regressions are estimated separately for those working fulltime at age 62 and those not working fulltime. We found significant effects on depression at age 62 both for full-time workers who expected not to be working full-time, and for participants not working full-time who expected to be doing so. These results hold even after adjustment for earlier depressive symptoms, sociodemographic and other relevant controls. The findings suggest that working longer and retiring earlier than expected each may compromise psychological well-being. The current financial crisis may result in both scenarios as some workers may have to work longer than expected due to the decline in pension and other wealth while others may retire earlier due to job loss.
Progress on Nutrient Composition, Meat Standardization, Grading, Processing, and Safety for Different Types of Meat Sources.

Beef contains a plethora of healthy nutrients and it is the highest valued livestock-based food product [...]
Gamma-Ray-Burst Beaming and Gravitational-Wave Observations

Using the observed rate of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) it is possible to make predictions for the detectable rate of compact binary coalescences in gravitational-wave detectors. We show that the nondetection of mergers in the existing LIGO/Virgo data constrains the beaming angles and progenitor masses of gamma-ray bursts, although these limits are fully consistent with existing expectations. We make predictions for the rate of events in future networks of gravitational-wave observatories, finding that the first detection of a neutron-star--neutron-star binary coalescence associated with the progenitors of short GRBs is likely to happen within the first 16 months of observation, even in the case of only two observatories (e.g., LIGO-Hanford and LIGO-Livingston) operating at intermediate sensitivities (e.g., advanced LIGO design sensitivity, but without signal recycling mirrors), and assuming a conservative distribution of beaming angles (e.g., all GRBs beamed within ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{j}=30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$). Less conservative assumptions reduce the waiting time until first detection to a period of weeks to months, with an event detection rate of $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10/\mathrm{yr}$. Alternatively, the compact binary coalescence model of short GRBs can be ruled out if a binary is not seen within the first two years of operation of a LIGO-Hanford, LIGO-Livingston, and Virgo network at advanced design sensitivity. We also demonstrate that the gravitational wave detection rate of GRB triggered sources (i.e., those seen first in gamma rays) is lower than the rate of untriggered events (i.e., those seen only in gravitational waves) if ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{j}\ensuremath{\lesssim}30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, independent of the noise curve, network configuration, and observed GRB rate. The first detection in gravitational waves of a binary GRB progenitor is therefore unlikely to be associated with the observation of a GRB.
Positive regulation of p53 stability and activity by the deubiquitinating enzyme Otubain 1

The ubiquitin (Ub)–proteasome system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of p53 protein stability and activity. p53 is ubiquitinated and destabilized by MDM2 and several other Ub E3s, whereas it is deubiquitinated and stabilized by Ub-specific protease (USP)7 and USP10. Here we show that the ovarian tumour domain-containing Ub aldehyde-binding protein 1 (Otub1) is a novel p53 regulator. Otub1 directly suppresses MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination in cells and in vitro. Overexpression of Otub1 drastically stabilizes and activates p53, leading to apoptosis and marked inhibition of cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner. These effects are independent of its catalytic activity but require residue Asp88. Mutation of Asp88 to Ala (Otub1D88A) abolishes activity of Otub1 to suppress p53 ubiquitination. Further, wild-type Otub1 and its catalytic mutant (Otub1C91S), but not Otub1D88A, bind to the MDM2 cognate E2, UbcH5, and suppress its Ub-conjugating activity in vitro. Overexpression of Otub1D88A or ablation of endogenous Otub1 by siRNA markedly impaired p53 stabilization and activation in response to DNA damage. Together, these results reveal a novel function for Otub1 in regulating p53 stability and activity.
Enhancing text readability in damaged documents

Documents can be damaged for various reasons – attempts to destroy the document, aging, natural cause such as floods, etc. In the preliminary work reported herein, we present some results of processes that enhance the visibility of lines, therefore the readability of text in such documents. No attempt is made to interpret the contents – rather, the work intends to aid an analyst that will eventually process the information that is now easier to see and acquire.
Watson's World

DNA The Secret of Life. James D. Watson, with Andrew Berry. Knopf, New York, 2003. 462 pp. $39.95, C$59.95. ISBN 0-375-41546-7. Watson and DNA Making a Scientific Revolution. Victor K. McElheny. Perseus, Cambridge, MA, 2003. 379 pp. $27.50, C$42.95. ISBN 0-7382-0341-6. McElheny and Watson offer two perspectives of the growth, status, and prospects of molecular biology. McElheny9s biography follows Watson through the discovery of the structure of DNA, the development of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, and the Human Genome Project. Watson9s own account for the general reader stresses our current understanding of genetics and its consequences.