cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open label phase I study of MBP-426, a novel formulation of oxaliplatin, in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.

C115 Background: MBP-426 is a liposome encapsulated oxaliplatin (L-OHP) formulation bound to human transferrin. MBP-426 was developed to improve the safety and efficacy of L-OHP through prolonged drug circulation time and by targeting transferrin receptors on tumor cells. In preclinical models, MBP-426 is effective against various human cancer cells, indicating that MBP-426 is a potent anti-tumor agent. This phase I open label study is designed to primarily assess the toxicity and safety profile of intravenously administered MBP-426, including defining Maximally Tolerated Dose (MTD), Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT), and pharmacokinetics. Methods: Patients (pts) with pathologically-confirmed advanced or metastatic solid tumors refractory to conventional therapy received MBP-426 as a 2 - 4 hours IV infusion every 3 weeks with 8 pharmacokinetics sampling time points on day 1, and 1 each on day 2 and 3 of every cycle. Cohorts of 3 pts were treated starting at 6mg/m2. Results: 15 pts have been enrolled: median age 63 (range 27-79); 6 (40%) male. The cancers include colorectal (7, 47%); pancreas (2, 13%); others [1 lung, 1 gastroesophageal junction, 1 cholangio, 1 small bowel, 1 neuroendocrine, and 1 anal] (6, 40%). Most pts have been heavily pretreated with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Five dose levels (6, 12, 24, 48, and 96mg/m2) have been evaluated thus far. MTD has not been reached. Overall, 46 adverse events (AEs) were considered possibly, probably or definitely drug-related by the investigators including infusion related reactions (IRR) (24% of all AEs), nausea (15%), fatigue (15%), neuropathy (9%), flushing (7%), anemia (7%), constipation (4%), and myalgias (4%). All remaining AEs each constituted Conclusions: MBP-426 is well tolerated, and no DLTs have been observed, thus, the MTD has not yet been reached. The preclinical pharmacokinetics target concentrations for oxaliplatin have been exceeded at higher doses and, while no objective responses have been documented, stable disease has been observed in 2 patients (13%). Dose escalation continues, and further updates will be available.
Piecewise polynomials and the partition method for nonlinear ordinary differential equations

An efficient numerical method, used previously for linear differential equations [1], is here extended to systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Spline functions are used as the basic approximations. Residuals are liquidated by setting their integrals equal to zero over specified subintervals of the intervals of analyticity. Several diverse examples are given.
Synthesis of 8,9-dialkoxy-substituted tetrahydrobenz[h] isoquinolines

6,7-Dimethoxy-2-naphthylethylamine, prepared by the diborane reduction of 6,7-dimethoxy-2-naphtlialeneacetamide, underwent a Pictet-Spengler cyclization to form 8,9-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[h]isoquinoline. This compound is identical with that obtained by reduction of the corresponding dihydrobenzisoquinoline prepared from formamide cyclization. 6,7-Dialkoxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acids, the key intermediates for the preparation of these amides, were obtained from 6,7-dialkoxy-2-acetonaphthones by a modified Willgerodt reaction.
EFFECT OF NON-LUMINOUS FLAME RADIATION DURING METHANOL DROPLET COMBUSTION

The effect of non-luminous thermal radiation on the combustion of a suspended methanol droplet in a low temperature (300 K) and low pressure (1 atm) environment is discussed in detail. Numerical results are obtained using a predictive, transient, two-phase, axisymmetric numerical model that includes surface tension effects. Radiation is modeled using the optically thin approximation with the product species CO2 and H2O as the radiating species. Results for combustion in a nearly quiescent atmosphere (initial Reynolds number 0.01) and initial droplet diameters in the range of 0.43 mm to 3 mm are presented. In agreement with the reported literature, it is shown that the effect of flame radiation is negligible when the initial droplet diameter is less than approximately 1 mm and becomes increasingly important for larger droplets. As a result, the average evaporation constant decreases with the initial droplet diameter. Radiation and surface tension combined as well as surface tension alone have a significant...
Simultaneous selective cerebral perfusion and systemic circulatory arrest through the right axillary artery for aortic surgery.

The duration of safe circulatory arrest for replacement of the ascending aorta for a type A dissection, without additional cerebral perfusion measures, is not clearly defined. If prolonged periods (> 60 minutes) are anticipated, retrograde cerebral perfusion or selective ante-grade carotid perfusion may be required. The latter requires separate cannulas with subsequent snaring of the cerebral vessels, which may be time consuming and cumbersome. We propose an alternative method whereby the right axillary artery is cannulated for cardiopulmonary bypass and, when the desired hypothermic temperature is achieved, the flows are turned down to 500 mL/min. The origin of the innominate artery is then occluded establishing selective antegrade right carotid artery perfusion. The distal ascending or aortic arch anastomosis is then performed while the remainder of the body is under selective systemic circulatory arrest. The proximal aortic anastomosis is performed after the graft is clamped proximally and flows return to appropriate perfusion levels. (J Card Surg 7 998;4:236–238)
Spatial-temporal disease mapping of illicit drug abuse or dependence in the presence of misaligned ZIP codes

Geo-referenced data often are collected in small, administrative units such as census enumeration districts or postal code areas. Such areas vary in geographic area and population size and may change over time. In research into drug-related health issues within the United States, U.S. Postal Service ZIP codes represent a commonly used unit for data collection, storage, and spatial analysis because of their widespread availability in health databases through patient contact and billing information. However, the ZIP code was developed for the specific purpose of delivering mail and may be changed at any time, and its design and development does not take into consideration problems that may arise in data collection, analysis, and presentation in health studies. In this paper, we propose a spatial hierarchical modeling approach to quantify trends within ZIP-code based counts when some fraction of ZIP codes change over the study period, that is, when the data are spatially misaligned across time. We propose a data vector approach and adjust the spatial auto-correlation structure within our Bayesian hierarchical model to provide inference for our misaligned data. We motivate and illustrate our approach to explore spatio-temporal patterns of amphetamine abuse and/or dependence in Tracy, California over the years 1995–2005. Uncertainty associated with misaligned data is modeled, quantified, and visualized. The approach offers a framework for further investigation into other risk factors in order to more fully understand the dynamics of illicit drug abuse or dependence across time and space in imperfectly measured data.
Evaluation of activity monitors in manual wheelchair users with paraplegia

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of SenseWear® (SW) and RT3 activity monitors (AMs) in estimating energy expenditure (EE) in manual wheelchair users (MWUs) with paraplegia for a variety of physical activities.Methods: Twenty-four subjects completed four activities including resting, wheelchair propulsion, arm-ergometry exercise, and deskwork. The criterion EE was measured by a K4b2 portable metabolic cart. The EE estimated by the SW and RT3 were compared with the criterion EE by the absolute differences and absolute percentage errors. Intraclass correlations and the Bland and Altman plots were also used to assess the agreements between the two AMs and the metabolic cart. Correlations between the criterion EE and the estimated EE and sensors data from the AMs were evaluated.Results: The EE estimation errors for the AMs varied from 24.4 to 125.8% for the SW and from 22.0 to 52.8% for the RT3. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the criterion EE and ...
Poverty and health disparities for American Indian and Alaska native children: Current knowledge and future prospects

This report explores the current state of knowledge regarding inequalities and their effect on American Indian and Alaska Native children, underscoring gaps in our current knowledge and the opportunities for early intervention to begin to address persistent challenges in young American Indian and Alaska Native children's development. This overview documents demographic, social, health, and health care disparities as they affect American Indian and Alaska Native children, the persistent cultural strengths that must form the basis for any conscientious intervention effort, and the exciting possibilities for early childhood interventions.
The painful knee: choosing the right imaging test

The initial evaluation of acute knee pain should include plain radiography, which is a quick and cost-effective way to identify a wide range of problems, including fracture, degenerative changes, osteochondral defects, and effusions. Computed tomography (CT) is the test of choice to better delineate fractures in patients who have knee trauma. If the history and physical examination point to damage of the cartilage, the menisci, and the cruciate and collateral ligaments and arthroscopy is contemplated, then magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for evaluating these structures.
Characterization of electron transfer and proton translocation activities in trypsin-treated bovine heart mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.

Abstract Bovine heart mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase has been treated with trypsin in order to investigate the role of components a, b, and c (nomenclature of Capaldi) in cytochrome c binding, electron transfer, and proton-pumping activities. Cytochrome c oxidase was dispersed in nondenaturing detergent solution (B. Ludwig, N. W. Downer, and R. A. Capaldi (1979) Biochemistry18, 1401) and treated with trypsin. This treatment inhibited electron transfer activity by 9% when compared to a similarly treated control in a polarographic assay (493 s−1) and had no large effect on the high affinity (Km = 6.1 × 10−8 mM) or low affinity (Km = 2.2 × 10−6M) sites of cytochrome c interaction with cytochrome c oxidase. Direct thermodynamic binding experiments with cytochrome c showed that neither the high affinity (1.04 ± 0.06 mol cytochrome c mol cytochrome c oxidase) nor the high-plus-low affinity (2.21 ± 0.15 mol cytochrome c mol cytochrome c oxidase) binding sites of cytochrome c on the enzyme were perturbed by the trypsin treatment. Control and trypsin-treated enzyme incorporated into phospholipid vesicles (prepared by the cholate dialysis method) exhibited respiratory control ratios of 6.5 ± 0.7 and 6.3 ± 0.6, respectively. The vectorial proton translocation activity in the phospholipid vesicles was unaffected by trypsin treatment with proton translocated to electron transferred ratios being equivalent to the control. NaDodSO4-PAGE showed that components a, b, and c were completely removed by the trypsin treatment. [14C]Iodoacetamide labeling experiments showed that the content of component c in the enzyme was depleted by 85% and that greater than 50% of component a was cleaved upon the trypsin treatment. These results suggest that components a, b, and c are not required for maximum electron transfer and proton translocation activities in the isolated enzyme.
Ecology of Aedes dorsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) in relation to western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Coachella Valley of California

The ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEE) was studied during 1994–1996 along a portion of the north shore of the Salton Sea in Coachella Valley, California, known to support a focal Aedes dorsalis (Meigen) population. WEE was detected during 1995 by the seroconversion of sentinel chickens concurrently at sites within and outside of the area supporting Ae. dorsalis . WEE was not detected during 1994 or 1996; neither was WEE detected by seroconversion of sentinel rabbits nor by isolation from host-seeking females of either the primary vector, Culex tarsalis Coquillett (42,083 females tested in 913 pools), or Ae. dorsalis (10,804 females tested in 245 pools and 1,940 adults reared from field-collected immatures tested in 72 pools). Collectively, the results of this and previous investigations indicate that Ae. dorsalis may not be essential for the maintenance or amplification of WEE virus in southeastern California.
Design of the Celilo - Sylmar 800-kV DC Line - BPA Section

The capacity of this line is many times that of previous dc lines, and its length far exceeds that of any line, dc or ac, now existing. Lacking operating data on overhead dc lines, criteria were based largely on tests at the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) dc test center.
Factors affecting outflow facility calculations.

Outflow facility (C), a ratio of outflow rate (F) to relevant pressure, is an important indication of outflow resistance in the ocular drainage pathway. The higher the C, the lower the outflow resistance. According to the classic Goldmann equation, C=F/(IOP-Pe)(IOP, intraocular pressure; Pe, episcleral venous pressure). Since anterior chamber (AC) perfusions directly measure outflow and are less affected by scleral creep and rigidity or changes in uveal blood content than repeated tonography in living eyes, they are widely used to determine C in living animals or cultured anterior segments from enucleated eyes. Barany (1964) initially developed the 2-level constant pressure perfusion technique for living monkey eyes to avoid possible influences of changes in eye parameters (e.g., Pe, spontaneous IOP [P0] or aqueous humor formation [AHF]) on C measurements. However, since these eye parameters do not exist in cultured anterior segments, 1-level constant pressure perfusion (Erickson-Lamy et al., 1991) and constant flow rate perfusion (Johnson and Tschumper, 1987) are typically used to determine C in organ culture. Based on different perfusion techniques, two basic formulas derived from the Goldmann equation are used to calculate C: (A) C=(F2-F1)/(P2-P1), which is usually used in 2-level constant pressure perfusion either in living animals or in cultured anterior segments (F1 or F2 represents F at P1 [lower perfusion pressure] or P2 [higher perfusion pressure]); (B) C=F/P, which is usually used in 1-level constant pressure perfusion or constant flow rate perfusion in cultured anterior segments (P, perfusion pressure; Pe is ignored in this formula because it is assumed to be zero in the cultured anterior segments). A comparison of C values calculated using Formula B and the data obtained during 2-level constant pressure perfusion in vivo or in vitro requires the following modifications: C=F1/(P1-P0) or C=F2/(P2-P0) where F1 or F2 is due to the change in pressure from P0 to P1 or P2 (P0 is assumed to be stable during short-term perfusions in vivo and is zero in vitro). C values from the same eye and the same perfusion are often quite different when calculated by the two formulas, since Formula A calculates C for the change in pressure from P1 to P2, whereas Formula B calculates C either for the change in pressure from P0 to P1 or P2 in living eyes or for a given pressure (P1 or P2) in cultured segments. However, the difference has not been clearly stated in previous studies, so that confusion might occur when comparing C values obtained by the two formulas. Additionally, C at different pressures may also be affected by factors physiologically unrelated to the formulas. To determine factors that may affect C values and to evaluate the significance of these factors in aqueous humor dynamics research, we compared C values calculated by Formulas A and B based on some previous perfusion experiments.
A highly concurrent priority queue

Abstract We present a highly concurrent priority queue algorithm based on the B-link tree, which is a B + -tree in which every node has a pointer to its right sibling. The algorithm is built on the concurrent B-link tree algorithms. Since the priority queue is based on highly concurrent search structure algorithms, a large number of insert operations can execute concurrently with little or no interference. We first present an algorithm that executes deletemin operations serially. We extend the serialized-deletemin algorithm to allow both parallel and concurrent deletemin operations. We discuss a decisive operation serializable algorithm that permits concurrent deletemin operations, and an algorithm in which p processors cooperate to perform p deletemin operations in O (log p ) time.
AN EXAMINATION OF MALE-FEMALE PERFORMANCE IN A PROGRAMMED ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING CENTER

College students operated under different classroom contingencies. The Programmed Achievement (PA) condition required students to evidence criterion performance (100% mastery) on weekly quizzes. Failure to show mastery performance on any of the weekly quizzes resulted in course failure. The Standard Control (S-C) condition involved a more traditional college classroom structure where students took weekly quizzes with no requirement to evidence mastery. Male and female performances were analyzed to determine if different course structures interacted with sex of student. The results indicated that PA students demonstrated higher performance than controls on weekly quizzes and a major exam. It was also shown that PA females increased at a more rapid rate than PA males, while S-C males and females were not significantly different. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
Recent pre-harvest supplementation strategies to reduce carriage and shedding of zoonotic enteric bacterial pathogens in food animals.

Food-borne bacterial illnesses strike more than 76 million North Americans each year. Many of these illnesses are caused by animal-derived foodstuffs. Slaughter and processing plants do an outstanding job in reducing bacterial contamination after slaughter and during further processing, yet food-borne illnesses still occur at an unacceptable frequency. Thus, it is imperative to widen the window of action against pathogenic bacteria. Attacking pathogens on the farm or in the feedlot will improve food safety all the way to the consumer’s fork. Because of the potential improvement in overall food safety that pre-harvest intervention strategies can provide, a broad range of preslaughter intervention strategies are currently under investigation. Potential interventions include direct anti-pathogen strategies, competitive enhancement strategies and animal management strategies. Included in these strategies are competitive exclusion, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, antibacterial proteins, vaccination, bacteriophage, diet, and water trough interventions. The parallel and simultaneous application of one or more preslaughter strategies has the potential to synergistically reduce the incidence of human food-borne illnesses by erecting multiple hurdles, thus preventing entry of pathogens into the food chain. This review emphasizes work with Escherichia coli O157:H7 to illustrate the various strategies.
Complications during vascular surgery: basic principles and management of arrhythmias

Abstract This chapter focuses on the anatomy and physiology of arrhythmias and specifically only on supraventricular arrhythmias, as these are the most common requiring treatment in the perioperative period. Rational treatment of arrhythmias requires an understanding of the anatomy of the conduction system, the pathophysiological and electrophysiological basis of arrhythmias, and the basic mechanisms of anti-arrhythmic drug action. This chapter reviews the basic anatomy of the conduction system and then focuses on both abnormal impulse generation and conduction. The conventional classification of anti-arrhythmic drugs is then discussed, followed by some newer approaches to classification based on a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action. Finally, management of common supraventricular arrhythmias is presented.
Exploring Impacts of Factors Contributing to Injury Severity at Freeway Diverge Areas

A study was done to identify factors contributing to injury severity at freeway diverge areas and to evaluate impacts of the factors. Crash data and roadway information were collected at 231 freeway exit segments in Florida. Injury severity prediction models were developed by using partial proportional odds regression, which relaxes the restriction that all regression coefficients be the same across output values and allows one or more regression coefficients to differ across outcome levels. The analysis results indicated that the partial proportional odds model is more flexible and provides much better results than does the ordered probit model for fitting injury severity data. Factors that significantly influence injury severity at freeway diverge areas include length of deceleration and ramp lanes, curve and grade at diverge areas, light and weather conditions, alcohol or drug involvement, heavy-vehicle involvement, number of lanes on main lines, average daily traffic on main lines, surface condition, land type, and crash type. It can also be concluded that exit ramp types (single-lane exit ramps, single-lane exit ramps with a taper, two-lane exit ramps with an optional lane, and two-lane exit ramps without an optional lane) have no significant effects on injury severity at freeway diverge areas.
Effects of social rank and social disruption in adult male house mice.

Abstract In agreement with previous work, adrenocortical activity was increased and survival reduced among subordinate male mice. Adrenocortical activity was increased further and survival lowered among those subordinates which were moved daily for 7 days into a strange physical and social environment. Increased activity of the adrenal cortex was indicated in dominant animals and was independent of social disruption due to repeated introduction of alien males. Renal glomerular lesions and inhibited secretion of androgens were apparent only in subordinate individuals.
Discrete element method for bearing capacity analysis

Abstract Analysis based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) is presented for estimating bearing capacity of foundations. Soil mass in the present model is treated as comprising of blocks which are connected by elasto-plastic Winkler-springs. By considering the conditions of compatibility, the boundary stresses on the failure surface and the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations can be obtained. The computed boundary stresses from the present method satisfy equilibrium conditions and do not exceed the material strength. Formulation of the method is presented. Examples are shown to demonstrate the applicability of the method to the analysis of bearing capacity of shallow foundations. Effects of stiffness of Winkler-springs and mesh pattern on the computed results are investigated. The present method is shown to be a useful tool for analyzing bearing capacity of foundations with unusual geometry and loading conditions.
Human rights in reference to persons with mental illness.

(1996). Human rights in reference to persons with mental illness. Accountability in Research: Vol. 4, No. 3-4, pp. 207-216.
BCG Vaccine and Its Derivatives: Potential, Practical Considerations, and Precautions in Human Cancer Immunotherapy

BCG vaccine is undergoing extensive clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy. These studies are based on its immunopotentiating and macrophage-activating properties. Efficacy of BCG vaccine probably depends on strain, proportion of viable organisms, absence of free soluble antigens, dose, route, and schedule of administration. BCG vaccine is most efficacious when administered in conjunction with or following intensive cytoreductive maneuvers such as surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. BCG vaccine has shown beneficial activity in acute myelogenous leukemia, malignant melanoma, colon cancer, lymphoma, head and neck cancer, and other tumors. Since BCG vaccine has toxic side effects, and since less than optimal preparations can be detrimental in terms of tumor control, progress in the development of BCG vaccine immunotherapy must be based on sound clinical trials, careful clinical and immunological evaluation of treated subjects, and continuing research on basic and applied aspects of its immunological and other biological activities. ( JAMA 235:646-650, 1976)
Deformation Machining - A New Hybrid Process

Abstract This paper describes a novel hybrid process, Deformation Machining, that combines two emerging manufacturing processes – machining of thin structures and single point incremental forming. This hybrid process enables the creation of structures that have geometries that would be difficult or impossible to create using any other processes. A feasibility study has been conducted exploring the toolpath planning and deformation force data was collected. Because the forming operations occur on sheet-like material made by machining rather than rolling, we have conducted experiments testing the formability of machined sheet. Preliminary results are encouraging, and point to a broad range of industrial applications for this process.
Explicit K2 of some finite group rings

Abstract We compute K 2 of some finite group algebras of characteristic 2, giving explicit Steinberg or Dennis–Stein symbols as generators. The groups include finite abelian groups of 4-rank at most 1, some direct products involving semidirect product groups, and some small alternating groups.
Test of the Rotational Invariance of the Weak Interaction

We consider the possibility that the weak interaction might recognize a preferred direction in space. We report a search for anisotropy in the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of unpolarized $^{90}\mathrm{Y}$ nuclei. Our result may be expressed in terms of an expansion of the angular distribution of the decay electron: $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(\ensuremath{\theta})\ensuremath{\propto}1+{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}cos\ensuremath{\theta}+{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}{cos}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}+\ensuremath{\cdots}$, where $\ensuremath{\theta}$ is the angle between the direction of emission of the electron and any supposed asymmetry axis. We find for any axis that $|{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}|l{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6.8}$ and $|{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}|l{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5.7}$ (90% confidence limits).
Conductivity Studies on High-Purity N -Methylphenazinium Tetracyanoquinodimethan

An experimental study of the electrical conductivity in high-purity single crystals of $N$-methylphenazinium tetracyanoquinodimethan (NMP)(TCNQ) is presented. The conductivity at high temperature is larger than that previously reported while the low-temperature conductivity (below 100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) is more than a factor of 10 smaller than that of earlier data. Both regimes are consistent with considerably improved sample purity. The data are analyzed from the point of view of a continuous metal-to-insulator transition with fluctuations playing a central role. The low-temperature results indicate that for (NMP) (TCNQ) the curvature in ${log}_{10}\ensuremath{\sigma} \mathrm{vs} {T}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ observed in earlier data arises from impurity contributions with the intrinsic behavior being exponential in ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The exponential behavior is consistent with the magnetic data which indicate that (NMP) (TCNQ) is a magnetic Mott-Hubbard insulator at low temperature.
Potent and long-lasting inhibition of human P2X2 receptors by copper.

Abstract P2X receptors are ion channels gated by ATP. In rodents these channels are modulated by zinc and copper. Zinc is co-released with neurotransmitter at some synapses and can modulate neuronal activity, but the role of copper in the brain is unclear. Rat P2X2 receptors show potentiation by 2–100 μM zinc or copper in the presence of a submaximal concentration of ATP but are inhibited by zinc or copper at concentrations above 100 μM. In contrast, human P2X2 (hP2X2) receptors show no potentiation and are strongly inhibited by zinc over the range of 2–100 μM. The effect of copper on hP2X2 is of interest because there are human brain disorders in which copper concentration is altered. We found that hP2X2 receptors are potently inhibited by copper (IC 50 = 40 nM). ATP responsiveness recovered extremely slowly after copper washout, with full recovery requiring over 1 h. ATP binding facilitated copper binding but not unbinding from this inhibitory site. A mutant receptor in which the first six extracellular cysteines were deleted, C(1–6)S, showed normal copper inhibition, however reducing agents dramatically accelerated recovery from copper inhibition in wild type hP2X2 and the C(1–6)S mutant, indicating that the final two disulfide bonds are required to maintain the high affinity copper binding site. Three histidine residues required for normal zinc inhibition were also required for normal copper inhibition. Humans with untreated Wilson's disease have excess amounts of copper in the brain. The high copper sensitivity of hP2X2 receptors suggests that they are non-functional in these patients.
Metabolism of phenylpropanoid compounds in Salvia. I. Biosynthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine.

C14-Labelled shikimic acid, L-phenylalanine, D-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and cinnamic acid were fed separately to leafy cuttings of salvia. After a metabolic period of 24 hours the free and bound ...
ISRAEL'S SURVEY OF CONSUMER FINANCES

IN RECENT YEARS there has been increasing recognition of the usefulness of cross-sectional data for the formulation of government economic planning and policies. Partly as a result of this recognition, consumer surveys were undertaken not only in well-developed countries such as the United States,1 Great Britain,2 and Sweden but also in relatively underdeveloped countries such as Puerto Rico, Ceylon,8 and Israel. These studies vary considerably in scope and purpose, but they are all useful in supplementing aggregative data and in providing insight into forces operating in the economy. The main purpose of the Israeli survey was to collect data on the distribution of income and saving for government and private uses. In addition, it yielded information on the disposition of income between consumption and saving, on the distribution of consumer spending among food, clothing, and durable goods, on the composition of private savings, and on the rate of saving out of windfall income. The survey was conducted early in 1955 (for data pertaining to 1954) by the Israeli Institute for Applied Social Research.4 It included interviews with 2,452 families, representing the non-institutional, non-agricultural Jewish population in Israel." Major results were published in two journal articles, one of which has been translated into English,6 while additional findings as well as methodological discussion are available in unpublished reports in Hebrew.
Size Change of Dendrimers in Concentrated Solution

Solutions of the poly(propylene imine) dendrimers DAB-dendr-(PA)32 and DAB-dendr-(PA)64 in methanol are investigated with small angle neutron scattering over the range of dendrimer mass fraction 0....
Thiophosphoric acid derivatives of ethylamine, DL‐methionine, and L‐proline ethyl esters I. Synthesis

Thiophosphoric acid derivatives having structures similar to known anticholinesterases, were synthesized for the investigation of their possible enzyme inhibition in vivo. Based on theoretical considerations concerning structures of known chemotherapeutic agents, these compounds may possess antitumor activity. The phenyl ester was found to be white needle-like crystals rather than the liquid reported by Michaelis. Procedures for obtaining good yields of the ethyl esters of L-proline and DL-methionine are given. A modified method of King's colorimetric determination of phosphorus is presented.
A Cloud Robotic System based on Robot Companions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders to Perform Evaluations during LEGO Engineering Workshops

In this paper, we propose a non-invasive way to measure the level of anxiety and stress of participants in the Autism Spectrum Disorders without using wearable devices. This measurement is done through a robot companion, which will log children behavior during children's social skills training sessions based on building LEGO Robotics. All this data can be uploaded to a cloud system for future comparison and research. The work presented is the validation of the technology proposed and the session's layout.
TALE Factors Poise Promoters for Activation by Hox Proteins

Hox proteins form complexes with TALE cofactors from the Pbx and Prep/Meis families to control transcription, but it remains unclear how Hox:TALE complexes function. Examining a Hoxb1b:TALE complex that regulates zebrafish hoxb1a transcription, we find maternally deposited TALE proteins at the hoxb1a promoter already during blastula stages. These TALE factors recruit histone-modifying enzymes to promote an active chromatin profile at the hoxb1a promoter and also recruit RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and P-TEFb. However, in the presence of TALE factors, RNAPII remains phosphorylated on serine 5 and hoxb1a transcription is inefficient. By gastrula stages, Hoxb1b binds together with TALE factors to the hoxb1a promoter. This triggers P-TEFb-mediated transitioning of RNAPII to the serine 2-phosphorylated form and efficient hoxb1a transcription. We conclude that TALE factors access promoters during early embryogenesis to poise them for activation but that Hox proteins are required to trigger efficient transcription.
Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphite oxide-polymer composites and their application in adsorption of lead.

Abstract Herein, we report the in situ polymerization of 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (15DAN) and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone (14DAA) on the surface of reduced graphite oxide (RGO). Synthesized RGO-P15DAN and RGO-P14DAA were characterized by FTIR, Raman, SEM, TGA and XRD. The adsorption capacity and adsorptivity of the synthesized composites were investigated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) using 100 ppm aqueous solution of Pb2+ ions. Further, we compared the results of the composites with those of poly 1,5-(diaminonaphthalene) (P15DAN), poly 1,4-(diaminoanthraquinone) (P14DAA), RGO, graphite oxide (GO) and graphite. Among the tested adsorbents, RGO-P15DAN demonstrated the high adsorptivity.
The area of a mercury pool

Abstract An approximate treatment shows that the superficial area of a mercury pool overlain by an aqueous electrolyte solution and contained within a cylindrical vessel of radius R (not less than about 12 mm) is given by πR2+2.603 aR+0.26 a2, where a is a constant in the range 2.4±0.2 mm.
Evaluating the Nature of Perceived Support and Its Relation to Perceived Self-Worth in Adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the relation between adolescents' perceptions of global self-worth and their perceptions of different types of social support (approval, emotional support, and instrumental aid) from significant others. The results suggest that the distinction between the three different types of perceived support appears to be meaningful and that the types of support differ in their relation with self-worth. Perceptions of approval from others, especially a "generalized other" peer-reference group, such as classmates, did bear a stronger relation to self-worth than did perceptions of emotional support or instrumental aid. There was no consistent gender difference in the relation between perceived support and self-worth, although several gender differences in the levels of perceived support were found. The findings also acknowledged the importance of parental as well as peer support throughout adolescence.
Imposed R&D: An examination of the effects of environmental-control requirements on industrial R&D programs

Although much attention has been given to the potential impact of capital expenditures for pollution-abatement equipment on the operating effectiveness and organization of American industry, little or no attention has been given to the amount of diversion from traditional endeavors which environmental-control requirements have caused in industrial R&D and the subsequent impacts of this diversion. This paper deals explicitly with the former of these concerns, namely how industry allocates its R&D resources in a transition period following the imposition of previously ignored operating and product requirements by the government.
‘She acts out in inappropriate ways’: students' evaluations of violent women in film

This qualitative research project examines the ways in which a sample of film viewers used gender ideology to evaluate, interpret, and understand violent female characters. The film Girls Town (1996) was shown to 22 students. After viewing the film, participants completed a six-page questionnaire in which they were asked to identify their favorite and least favorite character and to describe their reasons for liking or disliking the character. Results indicate that respondents praised violent female characters for stereotypical feminine characteristics and condemned them for using violence. Although respondents generally reproduced traditional gender ideology, they did so without explicitly referring to the characters' gender – that is, they condemned violent women by critiquing their motivations for committing violence.
Cross sections of the 21 Ne(α, n) 24 Mg and 22 Ne(α, n) 25 Mg reactions at low energies of astrophysical interest

The ^(21)Ne(α, n)^(24)Mg reaction has been studied over the energy range E_(c.m.) = 1.4−2.57MeV, by neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy and by the detection of the subsequent γ-ray transitions in ^(24)Mg. The astrophysical cross-section factor S(0) was determined and reaction rates were calculated for temperatures up to 5×10^9°K. In favorable circumstances, this reaction can provide a significant neutron flux for nucleosynthesis. The absolute normalization of the cross sections obtained in our earlier work on the reaction ^(22)Ne(α, n)^(25)Mg has also been verified.
Diurnal ventilatory patterns in the garter snake,Thamnophis elegans

Garter snakes,Thamnophis elegans, were entrained to a 14L (06.30–20.30 h) 10D (20.30–06.30 h) cycle for five weeks at 25 °C. Following entrainment, simultaneous measurements of ventilation and oxygen uptake were made. Pulmonary oxygen uptake ( $$\dot V_{O_2 } $$ ) exhibited a diurnal rhythm with minimum values of $$\dot V_{O_2 } $$ occurring during 10D. The diurnal rhythm persisted during continuous darkness (24D) and was considered to be endogenous. Minute ventilation ( $$\dot VE$$ ) decreased during 10D. The decrease in $$\dot VE$$ persisted during 24D. Diurnal alterations in $$\dot VE$$ were attributed to a change in breathing frequency (f). The decrease inf during 10D was postulated to be characteristic of a ‘sleeping’ state. The decrease in $$\dot VE$$ of the ‘sleeping’ state was of a greater magnitude than that for $$\dot V_{O_2 } $$ . Consequently, a pronounced diurnal rhythm in air convection requirement $$(\dot VE/\dot V_{O_2 } )$$ resulted. The data suggest that the regulatory mechanisms of the ‘sleeping’ state differ from that of the ‘waking’ state.
Professionalizing the Child Welfare Workforce: Kentucky's Credit for Learning (CFL) Initiative

ABSTRACT In this article, we provide an overview of existing university–agency partnerships in child welfare. Then we discuss in detail one state's extension of its partnership approach to enhancing professional development system via an initiative called Credit for Learning, where child welfare workers are able to meet agency training requirements while earning graduate course credit that can be applied towards a master's degree in social work. Knowledge gained from the experience of developing and implementing this initiative is also discussed.
Suppressed tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic system during lactation

Suckling-induced PRL secretion is regulated in part by a reduction in tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neuronal activity. We have examined the effects of suckling on TIDA activity in the arcuate nucleus by measuring changes in gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis. TH gene expression was assessed by performing in situ hybridization, using a 35S-labeled antisense riboprobe for quantitating TH mRNA and analyzing grain density with the aid of an Optimas Bioscan image analysis system. Lactating rats suckled by eight pups were studied on postpartum day 10, and diestrous day 1 rats were used as controls. The results showed that lactation suppressed TH mRNA content throughout the arcuate nucleus to about 10% of diestrous levels. The dramatic reduction in TH mRNA during lactation was specific to the arcuate nucleus, as TH mRNA levels in the zona incerta were similar during lactation and diestrus. The suckling stimulus was the primary signal responsible...
Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: pediatric cardiomyopathies and end-stage congenital heart disease

The extant nomenclature for cardiomyopathy is reviewed for the purpose of establishing a unified reporting system. The subject was debated and reviewed by members of the STS-Congenital Heart Surgery Database Committee and representatives from the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery. All efforts were made to include all relevant nomenclature categories using synonyms where appropriate. A functional classification based on pathophysiology is proposed. Cardiomyopathy is subdivided into: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and end-stage congenital heart disease. A comprehensive database set is presented that is based on a hierarchical scheme. Data are entered at various levels of complexity and detail that can be determined by the clinician. These data can lay the foundation for comprehensive risk stratification analyses. A minimum database set is also presented that will allow for data sharing and would lend itself to basic interpretation of trends. Outcome tables relating diagnoses, procedures, and various risk factors are presented.
Preparation of Polymeric Micro- and Nanostructures Using a Template-Based Deposition Method

Polymeric microtubules and nanofibrils have been prepared by depositing a solution of the desired polymer within the pores of microporous template membranes. Both microporous alumina and track-etched polyester membranes were used as the templates. Tubules and fibrils composed of polystyrene, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(bisphenol A carbonate), and poly(lactic acid) have been prepared. Nanofibrils with diameters as small as 30 nm have been achieved. A concentric tubular composite microstructure consisting of an outer microtubule of polystyrene surrounding an inner microwire of polypyrrole has also been fabricated.
Executable architecture analysis modeling

The Executable Architecture Analysis (EAAM) capability allows DoD the ability to assess the readiness of new systems to operate on the net-centric battlefield of the future through evaluation of operational and design baseline architectures.In a large modern enterprise, a rigorously defined framework is necessary to capture a vision of the entire system in all its dimensions and complexity, to include all the system of systems. The Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) currently prescribes products that provide "static" representations of information. These static products, while capturing enormous amounts of information about the operational, system, and technical architectures, fail to support detailed dynamic "behavioral" analysis of how the systems are supposed to interact with each other. A major issue for these communities is not only how to accurately document Command and Control (C2) and related IT capabilities using architectures, but also how to conduct a useful analysis of these capabilities to determine the performance and effectiveness of the systems providing the required capability. Part of the solution is to enhance DoDAF with a method or capability to support these communities with measurable and repeatable environments which virtually reproduce the test environment and play back segments of test events supporting sensitivity analysis of conditions with replaceable battlespace components. This enables decision makers to make concise and effective decisions associated with transformation and process re-engineering. The EAAM approach offers the DoD and DHS a number of new capabilities to plan, organize, maintain, and conduct operational architecture testing for NCOW transformation.
α‐Catulin CTN‐1 is required for BK channel subcellular localization in C. elegans body‐wall muscle cells

The BK channel, a voltage- and Ca2+-gated large-conductance potassium channel with many important functions, is often localized at specific subcellular domains. Although proper subcellular localization is likely a prerequisite for the channel to perform its physiological functions, little is known about the molecular basis of localization. Here, we show that CTN-1, a homologue of mammalian α-catulin, is required for subcellular localization of SLO-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans BK channel α-subunit, in body-wall muscle cells. CTN-1 was identified in a genetic screen for mutants that suppressed a lethargic phenotype caused by expressing a gain-of-function (gf) isoform of SLO-1. In body-wall muscle cells, CTN-1 coclusters with SLO-1 at regions of dense bodies, which are Z-disk analogs of mammalian skeletal muscle. In ctn-1 loss-of-function (lf) mutants, SLO-1 was mislocalized in body-wall muscle but its transcription and protein level were unchanged. Targeted rescue of ctn-1(lf) in muscle was sufficient to reinstate the lethargic phenotype in slo-1(gf);ctn-1(lf). These results suggest that CTN-1 plays an important role in BK channel function by mediating channel subcellular localization.
Effects of Age and Obesity on Insulin Binding to Isolated Adipocytes1212

We have measured insulin binding to isolated adipocytes prepared from rats of varying ages and body weights. The ability of adipocytes to bind insulin progressively decreases as animals get older and fatter until about 70 days of age and 300 g body weight are reached. From this point on further decreases in insulin binding to adipocytes were not seen as rats got older and fatter. Analysis of the data indicated that this decrease in insulin binding could be accounted for by decreased numbers olf insulin receptor sites per cell. Further studies were conducted in which animals were allowed to age, but obesity was prevented or reversed by hypocaloric diets. In these experiments decreased insulin binding was either prevented or restored to normal by the negative caloric state, indicating that age had no appreciable effect on the ability of adipocytes to bind insulin. The influence of the obesity associated variables—hyperinsulinemia and increased fat cell size—on insulin binding was also examined. These latter...