cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Employee satisfaction trajectories and their effect on customer satisfaction and repatronage intentions

Does improving employee happiness affect customer outcomes? The current study attempts to answer this question by examining the impact of employee satisfaction trajectories (i.e., systematic changes in employee satisfaction) on customer outcomes. After accounting for employees’ initial satisfaction levels, the analyses demonstrate the importance of employee satisfaction trajectories for customer satisfaction and repatronage intentions, as well as identify customer-employee contact as a necessary conduit for their effect. From a macro perspective, employee satisfaction trajectories strongly impact customer satisfaction for companies with significant employee–customer interaction, but not for companies without such interaction. From a micro perspective, employee satisfaction trajectories influence customer repatronage intentions for frequent customers, but not for infrequent customers. These effects are robust to controlling for previous customer evaluations and recent employee evaluations. Overall, these findings extend the dominant view of examining static, employee satisfaction levels and offer important implications for the management of the organizational frontline.
Repeat gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: A single-center experience and focused review of the literature

Abstract Objectives Repeat Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR) for refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is an increasingly common practice. Prior studies have reported varying success rates and incidence of trigeminal nerve dysfunction following repeated GKSR. We report treatment outcomes and toxicity in patients following repeat GKSR for TGN at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) with a focused review of the literature. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 55 TGN patients re-treated with radiosurgery using the Leksell Gamma Knife® at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between 1996 and 2012. Outcomes were defined using the Modified Marseille Scale. Demographics, prior treatments and symptom duration were correlated with outcomes. Results Eighteen patients (33%) achieved Marseille Class I or II, 14 (25%) Class III or IV, and 23 (42%) Class V at a mean follow-up of 14.4 months. Twenty-five patients (45%) developed new trigeminal nerve dysfunction after re-treatment. Of these, four (16%) did not develop dysfunction until subsequent microvascular decompression (MVD) for inadequate symptom relief. Conclusions Although more than half of the patients undergoing repeat GKSR for refractory TGN maintained excellent or good outcomes (Marseille classes I–IV) at an average follow-up of 14.4 months, neither age, gender, nor pre-treatment duration of symptoms or interval between treatments had a statistically significant effect on outcomes. Following repeat GKSR, patients have increased risk for new-onset trigeminal nerve dysfunction and those undergoing MVD after repeat GKSR may have an increased risk for new-onset trigeminal nerve dysfunction.
Proteomic genotyping: Using mass spectrometry to infer SNP genotypes in a forensic context

Abstract Proteins are an intrinsic part of biological evidence. In the last two decades mass spectrometry has revolutionized the analysis of proteins, allowing for thousands of peptides to be detected in a single analysis, including peptides containing single amino acid polymorphisms. Identification of these genetically variant peptides (GVP) allows for inference of the underlying non-synonymous SNP genotype. We have focused on hair proteins as a source of genetic information, discovering and validating 240 GVPs. Using optimized processing, a single hair shaft can obtain random match probabilities (RMPs) of up to 1 in 100 million. We show that GVP-inferred genotypes are not affected by the anatomical origin of the hair shaft or pigmentation. Harsh oxidation with peroxide does not affect RMPs. Importantly, GVP-inferred SNP genotypes are statistically compatible with STR-typing and Alu retroelements, with 90% of GVP-inferred SNPs being located greater than 10 million and 75 million bp from the nearest STR or Alu element respectively. We have shown separation of DNA and peptide workflows from the same samples. Recent work has shifted to the use of a targeted peptide assay. When data acquisition of GVPs was dynamically triggered by the detection of a standard peptide, this approach resulted in a 2.5 fold increase in sensitivity and increased confidence in peptide detection. Based on Monte Carlo modeling, we predict this increase in sensitivity will result in RMPs in excess of 1 in 1 trillion from a single hair shaft. Proteomic genotyping can also be applied to any protein matrix, including fingermarks and bone. Proteomic genotyping therefore has potential to complement partial PCR-based DNA typing and to provide other options for investigators.
Community Pharmacy Enhanced Dispensing Model to Improve Medication Access for Rural Patients Living with HIV.

Objective: To demonstrate the utility of a community pharmacy-centric workflow for improving access to medications for high-risk, rural persons living with HIV (PLWH) in partnership with a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). Setting: University-sponsored independent community pharmacy and rural FQHC providing care to PLWH. Practice Description: Patient-centered Pharmacy Program is a service designed to improve access to HIV medications for PLWH in rural Idaho. The service is delivered in partnership with a 340B-covered entity (FQHC). Practice innovation: The workflow for the service in the community pharmacy is described in detail, including time assessments and descriptions of tools and forms developed for rollout. Evaluation: Quality improvement initiatives over three years are described. Results: This service ensures medication access for rural PLWH and is sustainable for the community pharmacy. Expansion of services is feasible for the future. Conclusion: This partnership may be one that could be implemented at other rural, independent community pharmacies seeking to have outreach to rural patients with chronic medication needs. Article Type: Clinical Experience
The Communicative Relationship between the Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Stakeholders and the Reproductive Healthcare Nonprofit Organization

As the third largest employment sector in the United States, nonprofits work to fill gaps left by the government and for-profit sectors. Because they work with disadvantaged populations, mission-dr...
Compromise is key in infinitely repeated bargaining with an Evergreen Clause

Abstract This paper considers a new model of repeated bargaining over a flow. In Rubinstein (1982) , once an agreement is reached the game ends. Here, the game continues and the agreement can be re-negotiated at cost in any period. It is shown that, with finite memory, there is a unique equilibrium which converges to the Nash Bargaining Solution in the limit. The novel equilibrium feature is the search for compromise; players reject agreements that give them “too much”. Whilst rejection and delays are never observed on the equilibrium path in a stationary environment, they are observed in a non-stationary one. A folk theorem emerges with infinite memory.
Habitual Sleep Duration, Daytime Napping, and Dietary Intake: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background Chronic inadequate sleep and frequent daytime napping may inflict deleterious health effects including weight gain, cardiometabolic and psychiatric diseases, and cancer. It is plausible that these relations may be partly influenced by the consumption of suboptimal diets. Objectives The study aimed to identify potential causal links of genetically proxied longer habitual sleep duration and more frequent daytime napping on 61 dietary variables derived from an FFQ. In addition, the study aimed to assess potential bidirectional causal links between habitual sleep duration or daytime napping and macronutrient composition. Methods Genetic variants robustly associated with habitual sleep duration and daytime napping from published genome-wide association analyses were used. Outcomes included 61 dietary variables estimated from FFQs in the UK Biobank (n = 361,194). For bidirectional associations with macronutrient composition, genetic variants associated with percentage of energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein were used. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) effects were estimated with inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis. Results In 2-sample MR, genetically proxied longer sleep duration was associated with a 0.068 (95% CI: 0.034, 0.103) category increase in salad/raw vegetable intake [P false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.006] per hour of sleep and with "no major dietary changes in the past 5 years" (P FDR = 0.043). No associations were evident for daytime napping on dietary variables (all P FDR > 0.05). In addition, there were no bidirectional associations between habitual sleep duration or daytime napping with the relative intake of carbohydrate, fat, and protein (all P IVW > 0.05). Conclusions In this MR study, there was modest evidence for associations between habitual sleep duration with dietary intake and no evidence for associations between daytime napping frequency with dietary intake. These preliminary findings suggest that changes to habitual sleep duration or daytime napping frequency may have limited impact on long-term changes in dietary intake.
The Reflective Judgment Model: What Role in Leader Development?

This precis outlines the Reflective Judgment model, defines its seven stages, notes the basis for their articulation as a developmental process, flags intrinsic and extrinsic limitations, and ponders a desired relationship between cognitive development, leader development, and organization-wide learning.
Mystical Interpretation of the Qur'ān

Interpretation of the verses of Qurʿān, has a history back to the early revelation. Muslims believe that Qurʿān is the word of God, which is revealed to Muhammad, and therefore, understanding the real purpose of the Qurʿān, is vital. Reading the Qurʿān, for traditional Muslims was not like reading a scientific or historical text, it was rather encountering with a metaphysical reality that is formulated in the form of the letters, words, verses and chapters with the goal of educating man to realize his/her potential faculties in becoming what he/she is created for. In this encounter with a sacred reality that connected them to the both visible and invisible realm, they sought to find out the core meaning of the revealed message. The text in a way was such as a mirror in which everyone who tried to look at it saw himself. If he/she was a philosopher, jurist, theologian or a Sufi, he was interpreting through his own terms.
Integration of robust 3D modeling software into the design curriculum

Engineering technology design curriculum is compartmentalized, and the students are not ready for contribution to the design team. This allegation is partly true, as there is no effective means of student integration of design concept into an indusrially sound application, using an industrially robust three dimensional design and manufacturing package. This paper studies the effectiveness of an Engineering Technology Program-Design concentration, via the traditional emphasis without an industrially capable integrated CAD/CAM software. The program effectiveness is evaluated by outcome based program evaluation and review technique. Next the program is studied along a different stream with the integration of a capable and robust 3D CAD/CAM/analysis software package. The same criteria of program effectiveness is used to compare the achievement and performance of the program. This is an evaluative study of efforts to integrate the design curriculum with a comprehensive unifying design software. Twenty final year students in a capstone Machine and Tool Design course used the robust design software. At the culmination of the course they were asked about their design skill experience and the effectiveness of the course. The survey revealed that student learning and professional design development was enhanced with the use of an effective CAD/CAM integration tool that enabled students to synthesize design problems which were challenging and practical. The result of this research is crucial to the ABET-2000 outcome based evaluation criteria and its implementation.
Morphology of the Epithelium of the Distal Esophagus in Patients with Midesophageal Peptic Strictures

The esophagus distal to midesophageal peptic strictures is lined by columnar rather than by stratified squamous epithelium. The nature and derivation of this epithelium are not clear. In this study, multiple esophageal suction biopsies were obtained from 5 patients with midesophageal peptic strictures. These were studied by light and electron microscopy. All biopsies from above the strictures were lined by squamous epithelium; all from below were lined by columnar epithelium. The columnar epithelium distal to the strictures contained three cell types. The most abundant was a columnar epithelial cell which contained many glycoprotein granules up to 1 μ in diameter. Secretion of these granules into the esophageal lumen was observed commonly. The apical surface of these cells consisted of a well developed brush border composed of many microvilli. In addition to this cell type, the distal esophageal epithelium contained many mucus-secreting goblet cells and a few enterochromaffin cells, morphologically similar to those normally seen in intestinal epithelium. No cells resembling gastric parietal or chief cells were seen in any of the biopsies. Biopsies from the gastroesophageal junction from 2 normal subjects differed strikingly from the distal esophageal epithelium of stricture patients. The surface cells contained only sparse microvilli and more abundant secretory granules. Intestinal type goblet cells were absent. There was no morphological evidence of lipid absorption in biopsies obtained from 1 patient from a segment of columnarlined esophagus that had been perfused with a micellar lipid solution. We conclude that the distal esophagus of the 5 patients with midesophageal peptic strictures reported here is lined by a distinctive columnar secretory epithelium which readily can be distinguished morphologically from gastric fundic, normal junctional, and intestinal epithelia.
The nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius): II. Biology and propagation of diet-reared Heliothis

Abstract Detailed descriptions of the diet, apparatus, and procedures used to rear the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius), for propagation of the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus are presented. Biological studies covering egg stage, larval weight and development, pupation and adult emergence are also included. The duration of each stage of diet-reared H. zea is compared with that of corn-reared H. zea.
Alternative Phillips Curves Models with Endogenous Real-Time Expectations

Originally presented as an empirical regularity, a variety of microeconomic derivations of the Phillips tradeoff between inflation and real output have been developed. Since these new Phillips curve models are expressed in terms of unobserved variables and expectations, we develop estimates of these unobservables using a state space characterization of the short-run political-economic equilibrium. This method is appropriate because it yields recursive forecasts based on contemporaneous information, and because we apply it to a real-time data set in order to accurately measure available information. Although none of the new Phillips curve tested are completely adequate, we find that Calvo’s sticky price formulation provides the best fit for US data. It is inadequate because the estimate coefficient for the driving variable (either the output gap or the marginal cost) is essentially zero
Anomalous Diffusion of Defects in Ion-Implanted GaAs

Lattice disorder was studied in ion implanted GaAs as a function of implant and anneal temperature by proton channeling effect measurements. Nonchanneled 85 keV 16O+ implants were made near to the axis into the A(Ga) or B(As) faces. No dependence of the lattice disorder production on the implant face was observed for implant temperatures between 87 and 296 °K. For implantations at 250 °K the lattice disorder production is ≈ 50% lower than that at 87 °K and agrees with the disorder remaining following anneal of an 87 °K implant to 250 °K. For implantations at 87 and 250 °K a disorder peak is formed at a depth which corresponds to the approximate ion range; the disorder grows linearly with ion fluence without a significant change in depth of lattice disorder. However, for low fluence implants at 275 and 296 °K the disorder peak moves to depths greater than the ion range with increasing fluence and broadens until no distinct peak can be resolved by 450 keV proton channeling. The disorder production also changes drastically from the linear dependence on ion fluence observed at ⩽ 250 °K to a nearly cube root dependence at 275 and 296 °K. The deep anomalous diffusion observed for implants at ⩾ 275°K is not observed when low temperature implants are annealed to 300 °K. This indicates that the defect or mechanism responsible for the anomalous diffusion during implantation at temperatures ⩾ 275°K is not present upon the anneal of low temperature implants to corresponding temperatures.
Interaction of Colicins with Bacterial Cells III. Colicin-tolerant Mutations in Escherichia coli

Mutants that adsorb certain colicins without being killed, i.e., tolerant mutants (tol), were isolated from Escherichia coli K-12 strains. Selection was done either with colicin K or E2. Several groups of mutants showing different phenotypes were found, and some of them showed tolerance to both K and E colicins, which have different receptors. Many of these mutants mapped near gal. Typical mutants from group II, III, and IV were studied in more detail. The mutant loci were contransducible with gal by phage P1. The linkage order was deduced to be tol-gal-λ. In partially diploid strains, these mutant loci are recessive to wild-type alleles. Temperature-dependent conditionally tolerant mutants were also isolated. Two groups were found: the first was tolerant to E2 and E3 at 40 C, but sensitive at 30 C; the second was tolerant to E2 at 30 C, but sensitive at 40 C. Experiments done with these mutants suggest that these mutations affect the heat lability of some protein that is necessary for the response of cells to colicins. Conditionally lethal tolerant mutants were isolated which at 40 C were tolerant to E2 and E3 and could not grow, but which at 30 C were fully sensitive and grew normally. The mutation mapped near malA. The tolerance at 40 C is not due to a consequence of an inactivation of general cellular metabolism, but presumably is a cause of the subsequent inhibition of cellular growth. The results suggest that some protein components involved in the response to colicin are also vital to normal cellular growth.
Post-translational environmental switch of RadA activity by extein–intein interactions in protein splicing

Post-translational control based on an environmentally sensitive intervening intein sequence is described. Inteins are invasive genetic elements that self-splice at the protein level from the flanking host protein, the exteins. Here we show in Escherichia coli and in vitro that splicing of the RadA intein located in the ATPase domain of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii is strongly regulated by the native exteins, which lock the intein in an inactive state. High temperature or solution conditions can unlock the intein for full activity, as can remote extein point mutations. Notably, this splicing trap occurs through interactions between distant residues in the native exteins and the intein, in three-dimensional space. The exteins might thereby serve as an environmental sensor, releasing the intein for full activity only at optimal growth conditions for the native organism, while sparing ATP consumption under conditions of cold-shock. This partnership between the intein and its exteins, which implies coevolution of the parasitic intein and its host protein may provide a novel means of post-translational control.
A new approach for dynamic node creation in multilayer neural networks

An approach to simultaneous recursive weight adaptation and node creation in multilayer perceptron neural networks is presented. The method uses time and order update formulations in the orthogonal projection method to arrive at a recursive weight updating procedure for the training process of the neural network and a recursive node creation algorithm for weight adjustment of a layer with added nodes during the training process. The approach allows optimal dynamic node creation in the sense that the mean-squared error is minimized for each new topology. The effectiveness of the algorithm was demonstrated on a real world application for detecting and classifying underground dielectric anomalies. >
Accelerated heating of magnesia refractories in the tunnel kiln

Experiments demonstrated the advantages of reducing the length of the preheating zone of high-temperature tunnel kilns by eight positions, a section which can then be used for drying the product on kiln trucks so that existing driers can be dispensed with and the vacated space be used for equipment for the mechanization of the loading operation.
Silicon Switch Development For Optical Pulse Generation In Fusion Lasers At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

We have been developing a silicon photoconductive switch for use as a Pockels cell driver in the pulse generation systems of the fusion lasers Nova and Novette. The objective has been to make 10 kV switches repeatably and which are reliable on an operating system. We found that nonlinear phenomena in nearly intrinsic silicon caused excessive conduction at high voltage resulting in breakdown. Our experiments with doped material show that this problem can be eliminated, resulting in useful devices.
On the Complexity of the Classification Problem for Torsion-Free Abelian Groups of Finite Rank

In this paper, we shall discuss some recent contributions to the project [15, 14, 2, 18, 22, 23] of explaining why no satisfactory system of complete invariants has yet been found for the torsion-free abelian groups of finite rank n ≥ 2. Recall that, up to isomorphism, the torsion-free abelian groups of rank n are exactly the additive subgroups of the n-dimensional vector space ℚ n which contain n linearly independent elements. Thus the collection of torsion-free abelian groups of rank at most n can be naturally identified with the set S (ℚ n ) of all nontrivial additive subgroups of ℚ n . In 1937, Baer [4] solved the classification problem for the class S(ℚ)of rank 1 groups as follows. Let ℙ be the set of primes. If G is a torsion-free abelian group and 0 ≠ x ϵ G, then the p-height of x is defined to be hx (p) = sup{n ϵ ℕ ∣ There exists y ϵ G such that pny = x} ϵ ℕ ∪{∞}; and the characteristic χ (x) of x is defined to be the function
Teachers' Perspectives on Real World Challenges for Social Studies Education

Abstract This paper presents qualitative research describing high school social studies teachers' beliefs about “real world” aspects of modern young people and society that were particularly challenging, and had a strong influence on their teaching. “Real world” concerns were loosely defined as factors outside of teachers' immediate control, which were significantly cultural or sociological in origin or nature. These included the life stage of students; social class, tracking, and cliques; parenting and family life; family subcultures and religion; the media and popular culture; and the economy. These concerns were described as affecting students' emotional and social orientations, as well as students' intellectual orientations and preparedness. In the current educational context of standardization, this study asks us to take seriously the authenticity, complexity, and range of unstandardizable factors, such as teachers' beliefs, school and classroom dynamics, and the sociological contexts which affect cu...
Coffee, tea, and mortality

Except for conflicting evidence about coffee and risk of coronary disease, coffee and tea are not linked to major causes of death. Because of widespread use of both beverages and limitations of prior studies, concern persists. Using Cox models (ten covariates) we studied relations in 128,934 persons to 4501 subsequent deaths. Except for slightly increased risk from acute myocardial infarction among heavier (> or = 4 cups/d) coffee users (relative risk versus nondrinkers = 1.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.0 to 1.9, P = 0.07), there was no increased risk of mortality for all deaths (relative risk per cup of coffee per day = 0.99, 95% confidence interval = 0.97 to 1.01; relative risk per cup of tea per day = 0.98, 95% confidence interval = 0.96 to 1.00) or major causes in adjusted analyses. Coffee was related to lower risk of liver cirrhosis death (relative risk per cup of coffee per day = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.67 to 0.89). Use of both beverages was related to a lower risk of suicide, progressively lower at higher coffee intake (relative risk per cup of coffee per day = 0.87, 95% confidence interval = 0.77 to 0.98). We conclude that coffee and tea have no overall relation to mortality risk. If coffee increases coronary risk, this is balanced by an unexplained lower risk of other conditions, notably cirrhosis and suicide.
Tissue and cellular disposition of paraquat in mice.

Abstract Male C57B1/6J mice were injected intravenously with [ methyl - 14 C]paraquat dichloride and frozen at 1, 3, 9, and 24 hr for whole-body autoradiography or with [ methyl - 3 H]paraquat dichloride and the lungs were removed at 3, 24, and 48 hr for cellular autoradiography. The methods do not allow thawing or exposure of the tissues to solvents; this prevents translocation or removal of radioactivity. The whole-body autoradiographs revealed localization of radioactivity at all time intervals in melanin, lung, choroid plexus, muscle, and excretory pathways such as proximal tubules of kidney, urine, liver, gallbladder, and intestinal contents. The radioactivity in lung was much higher in certain discrete, unidentified areas at all time intervals except at 1 hr. The concentration was high in myocardium at 1 and 3 hr. Cellular resolution autoradiography revealed that the radioactivity within the lung was confined almost entirely to cells having the distribution of alveolar type II cells at the three time intervals studied. The radioactivity in these cells was easily washed away indicating that an active transport process was probably involved instead of binding to a cellular constituent. The localization suggested that choline might be antidotal to paraquat toxicity. However, there was not a significant increase in survival of mice given 100 mg/kg choline chloride simultaneously to or following treatment with 50 mg/kg paraquat chloride.
when is genealogy history? Wolof genealogies in comparative perspective

The Wolof of Senegal construct genealogies that represent a closer approximation to a historical past than do the genealogies of certain other peoples, notably the Nuer, the Luo, and the Tiv—the classic ethnographic examples of genealogy as projection of present-day political relationships onto the past. This paper examines the construction and use of Wolof genealogies in the light of these other ethnographic cases, in order to identify social conditions that tend to preserve historical accuracy in an oral tradition. Those conditions concern the relation of the genealogist to his subject matter, the nature of the political climate in which he operates, and the forms of discourse at his disposal. It is suggested that the essential property of Wolof social organization bringing these conditions about is not so much the existence of a centralized state as the caste framework in which the state is embedded.
The Oncology Geriatric Education Retreat: commentary and conclusions

The aging of the population will result in more older people with cancer. Thus, it is important to consider mechanisms by which geriatrics content could be incorporated into oncology training. The Oncology Geriatric Education Retreat was held February 21-26, 1997, in San Juan, Puerto Rico, for the discussion of possible approaches to this topic. A series of didactic sessions accompanied by commentaries was held. This was followed by three sets of sessions during which different small groups met simultaneously to discuss approaches to the treatment of specific types of tumors, educational process, and research issues. A general group discussion ensued after each set of sessions. The assembly concluded that incorporating geriatrics content into oncology training was an issue worthy of aggressive pursuit. A number of approaches were suggested, including consultation with the Residency Review Committees, the American Board of Internal Medicine, and other organizations. The importance of developing a research agenda to accompany clinical and educational activities was stressed, as was the importance of acquiring funding for these activities.
Cell death of corticospinal neurons is induced by axotomy before but not after innervation of spinal targets.

The response of corticospinal neurons to axotomy at postnatal ages from 5 days to adulthood was studied in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Corticospinal neurons were retrogradely labeled with flourescent rhodamine latex beads injected into the cervical or lumbar spinal cord. A unilateral lesion of the medullary pyramidal tract was made 1–2 days later and the brains fixed 1–30 days after axotomy. Comparisons of labeled axotomized corticospinal neurons with labeled normal corticospinal neurons in the contralateral cortex showed that axotomy at 14 days or later caused cell shrinkage but not cell death. Axotomy prior to 14 days caused cell death of corticospinal neurons. More neurons died the earlier the lesion was made, culminating in virtual complete cell death of corticospinal neurons following axotomy at 5 days. Axotomy at a given age did not affect all corticospinal neurons uniformly. Lumbar projection neurons underwent cell death ranging from slight to complete following axotomy at 13 and 9 days, respectively. Cervical projection neurons, in contrast, survived axotomy after a lesion at 9 days but underwent complete cell death if the lesion occurred at 5 days. Since corticospinal axons innervate the cervical cord from postnatal days 4–8 and the lumbar cord from 10–14 days (Reh and Kalil, '81; J. Comp. Neurol. 200:55–67), the ability of corticospinal neurons to survive axotomy appears to be temporally well correlated with their innervation of spinal targets. These neurons die if their axons are cut prior to target innervation but are able to survive if axotomy occurs after their axons innervate spinal targets. The results show that plasticity in the corticospinal pathway documented in previous reports cannot take the form of regrowth of severed axons, since early lesions cause extensive corticospinal cell death. Aberrant corticospinal pathways resulting from early lesions must therefore arise from undamaged axons. Additional retrograde labeling experiments showed that the opposite cortex responded to contralateral pyramidotomy by sprouting into denervated areas of the spinal cord. Thus another source of plasticity after early pyramidal tract lesions is sprouting from corticospinal axons arising from the intact cortex.
Listener reactions to interjections in oral reading versus spontaneous speech

Abstract Subjects listened to one of six versions of an oral reading passage or to one of six versions of a passage presumed to be spontaneous speech. The passages contained randomly inserted schwa interjections at 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20% of the possible juncture points. Listeners classified the passages as “fluent,” “disfluent,” or “stuttered” and made other judgments through semantic differential scales. A factor analysis of the semantic differential scales revealed a speech skill and a speech planning factor. Significant differences in listener reactions to interjections in oral reading versus spontaneous speech were revealed.
NON-INTRUSIVE MEASUREMENT OF WORKLOAD IN REAL-TIME

We present a new method to measure workload that offers several advantages. First, it uses non-intrusive means: cameras and a mouse. Second, the workload is measured in real-time. Third, the setup is comparably cheap: the cameras and sensors are off-the-shelf components. Fourth, we go beyond measuring performance and demonstrate that just using such measures does not suffice to measure workload. Fifth, by using a Bayesian Network to assess the workload from the various manifesting measures the model adapts itself to the individual user as well as to a particular task. Sixth, we use a cognitive computational model to explain the cognitive mechanisms that cause the differences in workload and performance.
Electrocardiographic differences between non-arteriosclerotic and arteriosclerotic rats.

Abstract The ECG was taken of adult, non-arteriosclerotic (virgin) male and female rats (20 each) and arteriosclerotic (breeder) male and female rats (20 each). Although similar to the human ECG the rat ECG exhibits Q waves only in leads AVR and AVL, there is no definitive ST segment and its T wave is asymmetrical. The arteriosclerotic rats have slower heart rates and elevated R waves and J points. Female breeders exhibited the most advanced arteriosclerosis and have calcified coronary arteries associated with dilated epicardial arteries in contrast to male breeders whose epicardial branches are less calcified. The male breeders are particularly prone to die of myocardial infarction. The abnormal ECG tracings in the arteriosclerotic subjects are believed to be due to myocardial ischemia caused by the calcified coronary arteries.
Extended floating spherical gaussian basis sets for molecules. Generation procedure and result for H2O

Abstract A procedure is proposed to generate extended floating spherical gaussian orbital (FSGO) basis sets for molecular SCF calculations by projecting large basis set SCF results onto FSGOs. This replaces the need for repeated evaluation of energy integrals and SCF iterations for extensive non-linear optimizations of FSGOs.
Fat kids grow up to be fat adults: a lesson to be learned from China.

Fat children grow up to be fat adults [1]. Such an association has been demonstrated throughout the world, from Tehran [2] to Tokyo [3] and from France [4] to Finland [5]. This is also true in China, the most populous country in the world. China has joined the world epidemic of obesity [1,6]. Not only are adults getting obese in China, children in China are also getting fatter [1,7–11] (Figs. 1 and 2). Fat children (Fig. 3) grow up to be fat adults (Fig. 4). Urban Chinese overweight children also have higher waist circumference [12]. In urban areas in China, the prevalence of childhood obesity increased from 1.5% in 1989 to 12.6% in 1997 and prevalence of overweight increased from 14.6% to 28.9% in the same period [13]. In a more recent study reported from China, the prevalence of overweight for children was 27.7% in boys and 14.1% in girls [12]. By the end of 2000, the obesity rate of male students in Beijing, China reached 15%, doubling that of 1990 and approaching that of developed countries, as was indicated by the National Physique Survey in 2000, jointly launched by the State Sports General Administration, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China and nine other ministries and commissions [14]. The actual prevalence would actually be higher, because the Chinese have a lower body mass index (BMI) cut-off values for both overweight and obesity [15–18]. BMI of 24 and 28 are the cut-off values for overweight and obesity, respectively, for both males and females aged 18 [19]. The recently proposed cut-off values would minimize the gaps of the BMI curve between the Chinese and the international reference. Therefore it was proposed by the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) to use it as
Grandma was Right: Why Cohabitation Undermines Relational Satisfaction, But Is Increasing Anyway

SUMMARY This paper uses a game theoretic model to explain empirical research which has revealed higher relational satisfaction among married couples than cohabiting couples, as well as among married couples who did not cohabit before marriage. Despite these findings, in recent decades cohabitation rates have dramatically increased in both Europe and the United States. Instrumental variables estimations on data from 28 industrialized countries and 50 U.S. states show cohabitation strongly correlated with increases in women's labor force participation, where a 10 percent increase in women's labor force participation results in a 6.4 to 14.6 percent increase in cohabitation.
STRENGTH AND DURABILITY TESTS OF MORTAR-MIX MORTAR*

The continued use and development of finely ground raw clay, or mortar-mix, as a plasticizer for cement-sand mortars has led to further and more comprehensive physical tests of this product. This paper gives a brief description and the results of tension, compression, freezing and thawing, bond strength, and absorption tests recently conducted on samples of mortar-mix from two clay products plants in Iowa. These tests are compared with similar tests of hydrated lime when used as a plasticizer. They confirm a previous conclusion that there is no substantial difference in the physical propcrtics of sand-cement mortars whcn equal percentages of mortar-mix or hydrated lime are used as the greasing agent.
Stabilization of ulnar carpometacarpal dislocations or fracture dislocations.

For the management of ulnar carpometacarpal dislocations or fracture dislocations, various authors have suggested closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation, or open reduction and internal fixation with the use of transversely oriented pins. The methods can be problematic with failure of fixatio
A metal insert to replace a fractured segment of a mandibular complete denture.

Abstract When surgical reduction is not possible for edentulous patients with little space between the retromolar pad and the maxillary tuberosity, dentures are most often made quite thin and as such are prone to fracture. When fracture of the lower denture base occurs, the denture is rebased, incorporating a cast metal insert in the region of the previous fracture. Following the impression procedure, a pattern is developed on the master cast of the area to be replaced in metal. A casting is made in silver-palladium alloy and incorporated in the final wax-up. The denture is then processed by joining the metal insert into the denture.
Evidence for regulated expression of neuropeptide Y gene by rat and human cultured astrocytes.

Abstract A series of studies from our laboratory have established that fetal rat and human neuropeptide Y (NPY) cortical neurons in aggregate cultures are differentially regulated. In a preliminary study we found that primary astrocytes produce substantial amounts of immunoreactive (IR) NPY. We addressed the question: Is astrocyte production of NPY-IR a regulated process? The effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, 50 ng/ml), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), substance P (1 μM), forskolin (10 μM), or phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, 20 nM) on NPY-IR production was tested on rat and human primary astrocyte cultures. Of these agents, PMA and bFGF markedly induced NPY-IR production by rat as well as human astrocytes, forskolin induced NPY-IR production by human but not rat astrocytes, and neither BDNF nor substance P induced NPY-IR production by rat or human astrocytes. The molecular size of PMA-induced NPY-IR was found to be consistent with that of proNPY. Moreover, PMA induced the accumulation of mRNA corresponding in size to the neuronal NPY–mRNA. Immunocytochemical analysis of human post-mortem neocortex revealed co-existence of NPY-IR with astrocyte markers. These results indicate that cultured astrocytes express NPY gene in a regulated manner and they support our proposition that in situ reactive astrocytes may express NPY gene under some physiological/pathological conditions.
Improving the match between callers and receivers: A study on the effect of contextual information on cell phone interruptions

A problem with the location-free nature of cell phones is that callers have difficulty predicting receivers' states, leading to inappropriate calls. One promising solution involves helping callers decide when to interrupt by providing them contextual information about receivers. We tested the effectiveness of different kinds of contextual information by measuring the degree of agreement between receivers' desires and callers' decisions. In a simulation, five groups of participants played the role of 'Callers', choosing between making calls or leaving messages, and a sixth group played the role of 'Receivers', choosing between receiving calls or receiving messages. Callers were provided different contextual information about Receivers' locations, their cell phones' ringer state, the presence of others, or no information at all. Callers provided with contextual information made significantly more accurate decisions than those without it. Our results suggest that different contextual information generates different kinds of improvements: more appropriate interruptions or better avoidance of inappropriate interruptions. We discuss the results and implications for practice in the light of other important considerations, such as privacy and technological simplicity.
Awareness and uptake of genetic testing among individuals at-risk for hereditary colon cancer

Background Referral for genetic counseling and testing is appropriate for individuals whose families meet clinical criteria for Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) and for some families with members that meet the Bethesda criteria. The FHPP is a prospective randomized trial to evaluate an intervention to promote colonoscopy in members of high risk CRC families. FHPP participants were surveyed to assess their knowledge about and utilization of genetic testing for HNPCC.
Trichoepithelioma : a 19-year clinicopathologic re-evaluation

Accurate histopathologic distinction between trichoepithelioma (TE) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) may be challenging. From 97 cases diagnosed as TE during the period 1979-1997, 73 available cases were studied with regard to: 1) stroma; 2) retraction effect; 3) papillary-mesenchymal bodies (PMB); 4) amyloid; 5) mitotic figures; 6) apoptotic cells; 7) inflammation; 8) granuloma; and 9) calcification. A judgment was made regarding diagnosis. The patients' medical records were subsequently reviewed for clinical features and possible recurrence. The diagnosis of TE was confirmed histologically in 48 (65%) of 73 cases. Fifteen cases (21%) were reclassified as BCC (RC-BCC), eight other cases (11%) were reclassified as other lesions, and two additional cases (3%) could not be confidently classified as either TE or BCC. The most helpful differentiating features were the presence of retraction effect (in 100% of RC-BCC vs. 37% of TE), myxoid stroma (in 80% of RC-BCC vs. 12% of TE) and PMB (in 20% of RC-BCC vs. 81% of TE). Unexpected findings in TE were detection of amyloid in 33%, apoptotic cells in 100%, and mitotic figures in 46%. Five of the 15 RC-BCC have recurred (33%), whereas there have been no recurrences in the confirmed TE group. A constellation of histopathologic criteria may help to discriminate problematic examples of trichoepithelioma from basal cell carcinoma.
Solid fraction fluctuations in solid–liquid flows

Abstract The fluctuating component of the solid fraction is studied for liquid–solid mixtures using an impedance volume-fraction meter (IVFM). The experiments involve a vertical gravity driven flow using glass particles in water, and a liquid fluidized bed with either glass, steel or nylon particles. The signals of the IVFMs for different flow conditions are analyzed in time and frequency domains. Results show that the magnitude of the root-mean-square (RMS) solid fraction fluctuation increases from low concentrations ( 30%), while the high-frequency fluctuations became more prominent for concentrations below 30%. When the low frequency fluctuations were filtered out and the RMS fluctuation was re-calculated the scaling appear to change: the filtered RMS fluctuations were larger for experiments with higher particle inertia. A comparison between the filtered RMS solid fluctuations and an exiting model showed limited agreement.
Antichymotrypsin interaction with chymotrypsin. Intermediates on the way to inhibited complex formation.

Abstract Serpins form enzymatically inactive covalent complexes (designated E*I*) with their target proteinases, corresponding most likely to the acyl enzyme that resembles the normal intermediate in substrate turnover. Formation of E*I* involves large changes in the conformation of the reactive center loop (residues P17 to P9′) and of the serpin molecule in general. The “hinge” region of the reactive center loop, including residues P10–P14, shows facile movement in and out of β-sheet A, and this movement appears to be crucial in determining whether E*I* is formed (the inhibitor pathway) or whether I is rapidly hydrolyzed to I* (the substrate pathway). Here, we report stopped-flow and rapid quench studies investigating the pH dependence of the conversion of the α1-antichymotrypsin·α-chymotrypsin encounter complex, E·I, to E*I*. These studies utilize fluorescent derivatives of cysteine variants of α1-antichymotrypsin at the P11 and P13 residues. Our results demonstrate three identifiable intermediates, EIa, EIb, and EIc, between E·I and E*I* and permit informed speculation regarding the nature of these intermediates. Partitioning between inhibitor and substrate pathways occurs late in the process of E*I* formation, most likely from a species occurring between EIc and E*I*.
Thermal gravimetric studies of orthophosphates

Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ( R ~ v ~ 26 Ap~l 19~) Disodiumorthophosphate produces tetrasodltun pyrophosphate when calcined at elevated temperatures (I). Monosodlum orthophosphate, NaH2P04, when heated to a temperature of about 250°C yields Na2H2P207, and this in turn produces insoluble metaphosphates after heating to higher temperatures (2). These reactions were investigated by means of water vapor pressure measurements over various phosphate systems (3). No thermal analysis studies of sodium orthophosphate mixtures have appeared in the literature. The present paper deals with a thermogravimetric analysis of trisodium orthophosphate~ dlsodlum orthophosphate~ monosodium orthophosphate~ phosphorus pentoxide, orthophosphoric acid, and mixtures of the latter with trisodium p h o s p h a t e . Experimental Apparatus. The thermobalance has been described elsewhere (4~ 5). Procedure. The TGA was carried out in a static air atmosphere at a heating rate of 8°/minute to a temperature of 9OO°C with 100 m E samples. Reagents. The chemicals were BakerWs analytical grade Na3PO4*I2H20 ~ Na2HP04*~O ~ NaH2P04, 85~ phosphoric acid and anhydrous phosphorus pentoxide. R e s u l t s T r i s o d i u m o r t h o p h o s p h a t e d o d e c a h y d r a t e b e g a n t o l o s e i t s h y d r a t i o n w a t e r a t 60°p b u t t h e l o s s was n o t c o m p l e t e u n t i l a t e m p e r a t u r e o f 200 ° was r e a c h e d . T h e r e was no w e i g h t l o s s a b o v e 200 ° . D u r a l ( 6 , 7) o b s e r v e d a w e i g h t l o s s up t o 230 ° w i t h a s a m p l e o f t h i s compound.