cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic changes in ciliation of the oviductal epithelium in the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina).

Many of the cilia in the oviducts of rhesus monkeys are formed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and lost in the subsequent luteal phase (Brenner, 1969a). This striking phenomenon has rarely been observed in other species, and its occurrence in human oviducts is a point of dispute. This study was designed to determine whether cyclic shedding and renewal of oviductal cilia occur in a primate species other than the rhesus monkey and to reveal the surface characteristics of the oviductal mucosa in a subhuman primate. Oviducts were removed from Macaca nemestrina females at three specific times during the menstrual cycle and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The fimbriae appeared to be extensively ciliated at midcycle but only sparsely ciliated in the early follicular and late luteal phases. Early in the cycle, large numbers of cells were seen in the process of ciliogenesis, but in the late luteal phase there were signs of ciliary degeneration and shedding. The ampullar epithelium showed similar though less dramatic changes, and the isthmus little change. Long-term ovariectomy caused almost complete deciliation of the fimbrial and ampullar epithelium, but treatment of ovariectomized animals with estrogen for only a few days restored the epithelium to normal. Despite the high degree of variability in the mucosa, it was clear that the oviducts of M. nemestrina, like those of the rhesus monkey, undergo cyclic ciliogenesis and deciliation. The surface features of the oviductal lining in M. nemestrina are described here for the first time.
Stability and Dynamics of Virus Capsids Described by Coarse-Grained Modeling

We report a study of the structural dynamics of viral capsids, simulated on a microsecond timescale, by employing a coarse-graining molecular dynamics method. The method was calibrated against an all-atom simulation of one complete virus. Among the studied capsids, some collapsed rapidly, while others were found to be stable. Interlocking between coat proteins is found to be a key factor determining the stability of the capsids.
Peclet correlation for stability of inverse diffusion flames in methane-air cross flows

The effects of jet oxygen concentration, preheat temperature, and a jet diameter on the visual lift-off velocity are reported and correlated using a modified Peclet number. The correlation provides a practical tool for understanding and predicting the extinction characteristics of inverse diffusion flames
The emerging role of molecular imaging and targeted therapeutics in peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a common and often fatal late-stage complication of many gastrointestinal and gynecologic malignancies. This review discusses the ongoing evolution of diagnostic and treatment strategies for peritoneal carcinomatosis and the role that molecular imaging and radioimmunotherapy may play in improving patient survival. An overview of recent developments in targeted imaging and therapeutics for peritoneal carcinomatosis, as well as the authors’ opinions as to future developments in this field is also provided.
Effect of cell density and growth factors on matrix GLA protein expression by normal rat kidney cells

The present studies demonstrate that the expression of the vitamin K-dependent matrix Gla protein (MGP) is critically dependent on cell density in culture. Subculture of confluent NRK cells to 1/30 of the confluent cell density causes a 50- to 100-fold decline in MGP expression per cell within two days. MGP expression subsequently increases with increasing cell density and eventually attains a level of expression per cell at five days post-confluence that is over 2,000-fold greater than was seen in the cells two days after the 1 to 30 subculture. These reversible, density-dependent changes in MGP expression are far larger than have been previously reported for other secreted proteins and suggest that the as yet unknown function of MGP requires its expression at high cell density but not at low. We have also observed that human epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes a 20-fold reduction in MGP expression in post-confluent, non-dividing cultures and suggest that the suppression of MGP function at high density may be a prelude to cell migration or division in response to appropriate signals.
A Framework for Research on Teacher Education Programs

Katz and Raths present a framework for use in classifying and summarizing re search on teacher education programs. The framework serves as a heuristic for investigating and identifying critical re search questions vis-a-vis teacher prep aration. Eleven interacting parameters within the framework contain a wide range of variables, including (a) pro gram goals, (b) characteristics of teacher education candidates, (c) characteristics of faculty and staff, (d) course and pro gram content, (e) program ethos, (h) ad mission, graduation and certification regulations, (i) institutional resources, (j) evaluation procedures, and (k) program impact. The authors argue that by sys tematically ordering the available litera ture and generating and testing appro priate research questions, teacher educators should be able to develop more useful theories to guide practice in the field.
A simplified technique for occlusal splint fabrication

6. Makila E, Honka 0: Clinical study of a heat-cured silicone soft lining material. J Oral Rehabil 6:199, 1979. 7. Whitsitt JA, Battle LW, Jarosz CJ: Enhanced retention for the distal-extension base removable partial denture using a heatcured resilient soft liner. J PROSTHET DENT 52447, 1984. 8. Morrow RM, Rudd KD, Eissman HF: Dental Laboratory Procedures. Complete Dentures. St Louis, 1980, The CV Mosby Co. pp 432-445. Reprznt requests to: DR. ROBERT TODD OREGON HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY SCHWL OF DENTISTRY PORTLAND, OR 97201
Pulmonary Function and Circulatory Dynamics in Artificial Pneumoperitoneum: I. Studies on Patients with Pneumoperitoneum Therapy for Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Although pneumoperitoneum at present is most widely used as a form of collapse therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis, this procedure had been applied some years earlier in the treatment of chronic pulmonary emphysema. In 1924 Reich’ reported on this procedure, considering 300 to 500 cc. the ideal amount of air. He found greatly improved diaphragmatic motion, increased tidal air and respiratory minute volume, higher capillary oxygen saturation and even a decrease in alveolar carbon dioxide. There was often striking clinicalimprovement with a decrease in dyspnea, cyanosis, and coughing, and a reduction in the frequency of asthmatic attacks. Reich attributed the beneficial effects to mechanical improvement in breathing, and, because in some patients improvement persisted after resorption of the air,he concluded that these patients had regained the proper use of the diaphragm. Piaggio-Blanco in 19372 noted the effectiveness of pneumoperitoneum in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema in a purely clinical study. Other reports34 suggested that pneumoperitoneum was effective in decreasing the frequency and severity of attacks in uncomplicated bronchial asthma. In 1950 Gaensler and Carter5’6and Furman and Callaway7 reinvestigated this procedure in emphysema. The former authors studied the effect of pneumoperitoneum on ventilatory function and pulmonary capacity in 13 patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema, 10 of whom were improved clinically by the procedure. The residual air was always reduced, averaging 26 per cent less while the Inspiratory capacity increased in all cases, averaging 24 per cent more. The vital capacity increased in 10, although the total capacity was somewhat decreased in all patients. A 33 per cent mean Increase in maximum breathing capacity was accompanied by a reduced breathing requirement at rest. With standard exercise the breathing reserve increased from 68.2 per cent of the maximum breathing capacity to 80.5 per cent after treatment. Oxygen consumption was unchanged, the ventilatory equivalent being reduced. Two patients showed increased arterial oxygen saturation and decreased carbon dioxide tension after pneumoperitoneum especially in relation to exercise. A third showed no change in blood gases. Fluoroscopy demonstrated a marked increase in diaphragmatlc motion although the amount of intraperitoneal air was
Effects of tribasic copper chloride versus copper sulfate provided in corn-and molasses-based supplements on forage intake and copper status of beef heifers.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental tribasic copper chloride (Cu(2)(OH(3))Cl; TBCC) vs. Cu sulfate (CuSO(4)) on Cu status and voluntary forage DMI in growing heifers. Two 90-d experiments were conducted using 48 non-pregnant, crossbred heifers (24 heifers/experiment; 355 +/- 10.7 and 309 +/- 9.9 kg for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In each experiment, 3 supplemental Cu treatments were randomly allocated to heifers in individual pens consisting of (1) 100 mg of Cu/d from CuSO(4), (2) 100 mg of Cu/d from TBCC, or (3) 0 mg of Cu/d. The 2 experiments differed by the form of supplement used to deliver the Cu treatments (corn- vs. molasses-based supplements for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). Supplements were formulated and fed to provide equivalent amounts of CP and TDN daily but differed in their concentration of the Cu antagonists, Mo (0.70 vs. 1.44 mg/kg), Fe (113 vs. 189 mg/kg), and S (0.18 vs. 0.37%) for corn- and molasses-based supplements, respectively. All heifers were provided free-choice access to ground stargrass (Cynodon spp.) hay. Jugular blood and liver biopsy samples were collected on d 0, 30, 60, and 90 of each experiment. Heifer BW was collected on d 0 and 90. Heifer ADG was not affected by Cu treatment (average = 0.22 +/- 0.11 and 0.44 +/- 0.05 kg for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively; P > 0.20). In Exp. 1, heifers provided supplemental Cu, independent of source, had greater (P 0.10) by Cu supplementation in Exp. 2. These data imply that CuSO(4) and TBCC are of similar availability when offered to growing beef heifers in both corn- and molasses-based supplements. However, corn- and molasses-based supplements appear to affect Cu metabolism differently. These impacts may affect voluntary forage DMI in growing beef heifers.
A modular estuarine mesocosm

The need to simulate unique features of estuaries and the modes of entry of pollutants has led the authors to develop a modular approach to toxicity testing within an estuarine system. The approach incorporates replicate test systems that simulate the major aspects that are unique to estuarine systems. Initial validation of the design simulated a reference estuary on Wadmalaw Island, South Carolina. Replicate mesocosms were exposed to target concentrations 0, 2, and 8 μg/L of azinphosmethyl (AZM), an organophosphate insecticide. Single species toxicity tests were conducted within the systems in conjunction with the ecosystem simulations. High doses of AZM killed all animal life in the simulations, whereas lower concentrations showed a dose-response effect. Twenty-four-hour average AZM levels were used to calculate 24-h and 96-h LC50 values for Atlantic silverside minnows (Menidia menidia), mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), and grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Mysid shrimp were most sensitive to AZM (96 h LC50 = 0.811 μg/L), whereas grass shrimp were least sensitive (96 h LC50 = 1.34 μg/L). Dissolved oxygen was reduced and ammonia concentrations increased from high doses of AZM. Increases in ammonia levels were not reduced by interstitial microbes, resulting in sustained high (>0.08 mg/L) ammonia concentrations. Lower doses were quickly reduced in the mesocosm. This study demonstrates that ecosystem level responses can be evaluated by the modular approach. This modular approach can be modified to simulate most aquatic ecosystems.
Effect of adjunct hydroxyurea on helper T cell immunity in HIV type 1-infected patients with virological suppression

Hydroxyurea (HU) has preferential activity in virus reservoirs not effectively targeted by current antiretroviral drug regimens, but concern for potential toxicity has precluded its routine use. The effect of adjunct HU on T cell proliferative responses and phenotypic markers was examined in a randomized study of 39 chronically HIV-1-infected patients with virological suppression on potent antiretroviral therapy. While patients in the HU arm showed modest declines in the median CD4+ T cell counts (total, –151 cells/mm3; naive, –91 cells/mm3), no significant differences were noted in the Candida, HIV-1 p24, and HIV-1 gp160 responses between the treatment arms following 24 weeks of therapy. In conclusion, although adjunct HU was associated with modest declines in the CD4+ T cell counts, there was no significant adverse effect on helper T cell function. Further trials to address the role of HU in HIV-1 treatment may be appropriate after careful selection of HU dose and the adjunct drugs to avoid nonhematolog...
An Impact Assessment of GPS Radio Occultation Data on Prediction of a Rapidly Developing Cyclone over the Southern Ocean

AbstractThe impact of global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) data on an intense synoptic-scale storm that occurred over the Southern Ocean in December 2007 is evaluated, and a synoptic explanation of the assessed impact is offered. The impact is assessed by using the three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme (3DVAR) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Data Assimilation system (WRFDA), and by comparing two experiments: one with and the other without assimilating the refractivity data from four different RO missions. Verifications indicate significant positive impacts of the RO data in various measures and parameters as well as in the track and intensity of the Antarctic cyclone. The analysis of the atmospheric processes underlying the impact shows that the assimilation of the RO data yields substantial improvements in the large-scale circulations that in turn control the development of the Antarctic storm. For instance, the RO data enhanced the strength of a 500...
New preemptive scheduling for OBS networks considering cascaded wavelength conversion

In this paper we introduce a new preemptive scheduling technique for next generation optical burst-switched networks considering the impact of cascaded wavelength conversions. It has been shown that when optical bursts are transmitted all optically from source to destination, each wavelength conversion performed along the lightpath may cause certain signal-to-noise deterioration. If the distortion of the signal quality becomes significant enough, the receiver would not be able to recover the original data. Accordingly, subject to this practical impediment, we improve a recently proposed fair channel scheduling algorithm to deal with the fairness problem and aim at burst loss reduction simultaneously in optical burst switching. In our scheme, the dynamic priority associated with each burst is based on a constraint threshold and the number of already conducted wavelength conversions among other factors for this burst. When contention occurs, a new arriving superior burst may preempt another scheduled one according to their priorities. Extensive simulation results have shown that the proposed scheme further improves fairness and achieves burst loss reduction as well.
Executive response monitoring and inhibitory control in children with phenylketonuria: effects of expectancy.

Response monitoring (post-error slowing) and inhibitory control (commission errors) were examined in children with phenylketonuria (PKU) and controls (6–18 years) using Go/No-Go tasks with higher (PKU n = 37; control n = 55) versus lower (PKU n = 24; control n = 25) non-target expectancy. On both tasks children with PKU exhibited impaired monitoring and inhibitory control, but the post-error slowing pattern was different. With higher expectancy children with PKU slowed more (less efficient monitoring) and with lower expectancy slowed less (less monitoring) than controls. No effects of age or phenylalanine level were noted. These results indicate that expectancy differentially effects monitoring and inhibitory control in PKU.
EPR properties of synthetic apatites, deorganified dentine, and enamel.

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) was used to study synthetic hydroxyapatite and ∼1, 2, and 6% synthetic carbonated apatites, deorganified dentine, and enamel. The carbonated apatites were synthesized by hydrolysis of dicalcium phosphate. Comparisons were made with spectra from enamel and deorganified dentine. Microwave power saturation and dose responses were determined for the synthetic materials. The Marquardt version of the Levenberg decomposition method was used to extract individual signals from the apatite data. Two samples of dentine were irradiated with 25 and 100 Gy, respectively, from a 60Co source. The first sample was then deorganified at 200°C using the Soxhlet extraction technique. A third sample was irradiated with 100 Gy after deorganification. The resulting EPR spectra were then compared. It was determined that the dosimetric signal of 2% synthetic carbonated apatite was approximately the same as that of enamel. It was also verified that the dosimetric signal saturates at about 2% in synthetic carbonated apatites. The study established that the precenters responsible for the dosimetric signal (g⊥= 2.0018, g∥= 1.9985) are preferentially concentrated in the surface-accessible region of the mineral component, as shown by the approximately 80% attenuation of the dosimetric signal in dentine following deorganification. The precenters responsible are not destroyed by the deorganification since the magnitude of the dosimetric signal from the dentine specimen irradiated following deorganification was approximately twice that of the comparable untreated, irradiated sample. Finally, the dose response of 2 and 6% synthetic carbonated apatites was determined.
Cryopreserved vein homografts for arterial reconstruction

2when first Yamamuchi and later Carrel placed venous homografts and xenografts in a dog model. Some 40 years later, Linton 3 and subsequently Dye, 4 reported the first clinical experience. However it was not until the late 1960s that the idea of preserving the venous allografts was brought to the attention of the vascular surgeon by Barner, DeWeese and Schenk. 5 In 1970 Tice and Santoni reported a series of eight patients in whom vein homografts preserved at -50°C in saline solution were used as an arterial bypass or for patching a stenosed vessel. 6 Two years later a total of 46 procedures, including eight coronary artery bypasses were performed by the same principal author, with an early patency rate of 72%. 7 Since then a variety of studies have been performed in both the clinical and experimental setting in an attempt to clarify the potential of such a conduit in peripheral vascular surgery.
Socioeconomic status is associated with nocturnal blood pressure dipping.

OBJECTIVE With the advent of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has come the awareness that blood pressure (BP) normally drops, or "dips," at night by roughly 10%. A number of pathological conditions have been associated with the nondipping of nocturnal BP. In general, researchers have looked at dipping in neurological and cardiovascular disorders. We examined the extent to which nocturnal nondipping might be influenced by relatively gross measures of social environment. METHODS This study examined 78 healthy adults and adults with mild hypertension who were not currently receiving medication, aged 25 to 52 years (mean age = 38.2). Forty-two participants self-identified as black and 36 identified as white. RESULTS Age, body mass index, apnea-hypopnea index, screening BP, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) were significantly associated with nocturnal BP dipping, accounting for 41% of the variance in dipping (F[6,51] = 5.473, p <.001). When SES was entered on the last step of a hierarchical regression analysis, it independently accounted for 8% of the variance in dipping, even after accounting for ethnicity, such that the lower the SES, the more the nondipping. CONCLUSION It remains to be seen what aspect of the social environment may be driving this association between nondipping and lower social class. However, investigators might consider including social class in their models in future studies.
A physiological role for tRNA nucleotidyltransferase during bacteriophage infection.

Abstract Bacteriophage infection of E. coli cells deficient in the enzyme tRNA nucleotidyltransferase ( cca mutants) resulted in greatly decreased production of viable progeny phage compared to wild type cells. This decrease amounted to as much as 90% in the case of T-even bacteriophages, and 50–65% for T-odd bacteriophages. However, infection by the RNA phages, Qβ and f2, was unaffected by the cca mutation. Examination of T4 infection of cca hosts of progeny particles were formed, but that most of these particles were nonviable. Possible functions for E. coli tRNA nucleotidyltransferase during bacteriophage infection are discussed.
Oral diseases in HIV-1 infection

HIV-associated oral lesions have been reported since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, be they fungal, viral, bacterial, neoplastic, or non-specific in origin. The most common lesions are oral candidiasis (OC; noted in several forms) and oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). OC appears to be directly related to levels of immunosuppression while OHL, a newly described lesion, is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Although prevalence data for all types of oral lesions are scarce, this review identifies and describes those reported most often. Lesions associated with HIV may appear on most oral mucosal surfaces and may differ from those seen on other body areas. The role of saliva in reducing the potential for transmission of the HIV virus appears to be significant. Physicians and dentists should cooperate in the management of the HIV patient who has oral disease.
Isolation and properties of lung 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from pregnant rabbits.

Abstract A NAD-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) was purified to a specific activity of over 25,000 nmol NADH formed/min/mg protein with 50 μ m prostaglandin E1 as substrate from the lungs of 28-day-old pregnant rabbits. This represented a 2600-fold purification of the enzyme with a recovery of 6% of the starting enzyme activity. The lungs of pregnant rabbits were used because a 42- to 55-fold induction of the PGDH activity was observed after 20 days of gestation. The enzyme was purified by CM-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-75, octylamino-agarose, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The enzyme could not be purified by affinity chromatography using NAD- or blue dextran-bound resins. The purified enzyme was specific for NAD and had a subunit molecular weight of 29,000. The optimal pH range for the oxidation of prostaglandin E1 was between 10.0 and 10.4 using 3-(cyclohexylamino)propanesulfonic acid as the buffer. The Km and Vmax values for prostaglandin E1 were 33 μ m and 40,260 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, while the Km and Vmax values for prostaglandin E2 were 59 μ m and 43,319 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. The Km for prostaglandin F2α was four times the value for prostaglandin E1. The PGDH activity was inhibited by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid but the enzymatic activity was restored by the addition of dithiothreitol. n-Ethylmaleimide also produced a rapid decline in enzymatic activity but when NAD was included in the incubation system, no inhibition was observed.
EXPERIMENTAL MODIFICATIONS OF AN INSECT VITELLIN AFFECT ITS STRUCTURE AND ITS UPTAKE BY OOCYTES

The 18S and 33S vitellins (Vts) of Blattella germanica were subjected to periodate oxidation and digestions with α-mannosidase, endo-β-Nacetylglucosaminidase H (endo-H), and trypsin to study their effects on Vt structure and function. Periodate oxidation caused 33S Vt to dissociate to a form that cosedimented with 18S Vt upon glycerol gradient centrifugation but had no effect on the sedimentation of 18S Vt. This result implicates the oligosaccharides in stabilization of the 33S structure. Incubation of 18S and 33S Vts with α-mannosidase and endo-H revealed that the oligosaccharides of both Vts are largely shielded from attack by both glycosidases. However, the carbohydrate of 18S Vt was 3 to 5 times more susceptible to both enzymes, suggesting that the 18S to 33S transition results in decreased accessibility of the oligosaccharides to both glycosidases. Short-term exposure of 18S and 33S Vts to trypsin resulted in limited hydrolysis; the Mr 102,000 subunit of each form was cleaved with an Mr79,000 peptide as a major product. However, the sedimentation properties of the Vts and their relative susceptibilities to α-mannosidase were unchanged; therefore while the Mr102,000 subunit of the Vt is vulnerable to trypsin, it retains its higher-order structure after limited digestion. Endocytosis of radiolabelled 18S Vt by oocytes in vivo decreased about 15-fold after its modification by periodate and sixfold after treatment with α-mannosidase. Limited trypsin digestion also severely diminished its uptake. All injected radioactivity of unmodified 18S and 33S Vts could be recovered from either the hemolymph or ovaries of recipient females. However, modified Vts were taken up from the hemolymph primarily by cells of the pericardium and the fat body, suggesting that these organs participate in a clearance mechanism that recognizes “damaged” Vt molecules.
Work-Based Learning, Power and Subjectivity: Creating Space for a Foucauldian Research Ethic.

This paper aims at problematizing the context of power relations and politics while engaging in work‐based learning (WBL). The author uses Foucault's ideas on power/knowledge, ethics and subjectivity to show that he has something to say of particular relevance and importance to those engaged in WBL. Foucauldian ideas make possible an interrogation of how an individual's subjectivity is shaped through learning in the context of the workplace; also, such ideas allow an interrogation of taken‐for‐granted assumptions about ‘work‐based learning,’ ‘working knowledge’ and ‘WBL research methodologies.’ The implications of these ideas are discussed in terms of developing a Foucauldian research ethic that informs WBL practices and research methodologies.
Field Emission from Photoconductors

Field emission current was drawn from sharp needles of the photoconductors CdS and CdSe. It increased greatly when light that excited photoconductivity was incident on the emitting area. Possible mechanisms are mentioned.
Monitoring pig-to-primate cardiac xenografts with live Internet images of recipients and xenograft telemetric signals: histologic and immunohistochemical correlations.

Abstract Background: Monitoring pig-to-primate cardiac xenografts is often difficult in awake and uncooperative primates. We investigated the possibility of monitoring xenotransplantation through internet broadcasting of (1) continuous video images of transplant recipients and (2) xenograft telemetric signals detected by an implanted device. The telemetric readings were later compared with histology and immunohistochemistry for signs of rejection. Methods Heterotopic baboon-to-baboon ( n = 2) and transgenic pig (human complement regulatory proteins CD59/DAF, n = 3; MCP, n = 1)-to-baboon transplants were performed with serial biopsies for hematoxylin-and-eosin staining and immunohistochemical detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition. Baboon recipients were continuously monitored with a QuickCamPro digital camera, whereas grafts were monitored with a Data Science International implantable telemetric system. Video images and telemetric signals were broadcast over the Internet through a laptop computer. Results Baboon allografts remained healthy until explant on Day 14, whereas pig xenografts were rejected on Day 5, 6, 7, and 11. Telemetry of allografts and xenografts documented regular rhythm with an average heart rate of 80 to 120, but xenografts developed bradycardia and widened/dampened QRS complexes 24 to 48 hours before graft loss. Continuous video monitoring of recipient activities was vital in differentiating between graft arrhythmias and telemetric artifacts. Allograft biopsies showed little cellular infiltrate, whereas xenograft biopsies showed increasing IgM and MAC deposition, with extensive thrombi and myocardial damage 24 hours before cessation of cardiac activities. Conclusions Combined video surveillance of recipient activities and graft telemetric signals is a useful method to continuously monitor abdominal cardiac grafts in large, uncooperative, awake primates. QRS-complex widening associated with progressive bradycardia correlated with histologic and immunohistochemical evidence of xenograft rejection.
“Recognizing my risk” and “Envisioning an intrusion event”: a phenomenological approach to perceived risk of intrusion

Relative to older women who live alone, there have been few exploratory descriptive studies of personal experiences that might be associated with fear of crime. Little is known about how such women perceive the risk of being intruded upon at home. The purpose of this study was to describe the personal–social context of experiences associated with perceiving the risk of intrusion. Participants were 14 older women who volunteered information about the risk during a longitudinal phenomenological study of the home-care experience. Data indicated that their experience was structured by recognizing a risk of intrusion. The four women who described intrusion events that they had envisioned were the only women who expressed fear about intrusion at home. From a theoretical perspective “recognizing my risk of intrusion” and “envisioning an intrusion event” are both relevant to perceived risk of victimization, but the latter might be linked more directly to fear of intrusion.
Occupational risk in retirement ages recommended for sixty occupations

Variation in retirement age ranges recommended by participants in Sample 1 for 60 different occupations was examined, while considering the risk associated with poor performance in each occupation. Age of retirement (measured as a range) recommended by undergraduate raters varied extensively across 60 occupations. Estimated risk associated with faulty or poor performance obtained from a second sample of raters for each occupation was then correlated with the ranges of retirement age recommended by raters in Sample 1. There was a significant negative relationship between the perceived risk associated with poor performance in an occupation and the range of retirement age recommended for that occupation
A critical path generalization of the additive factor method: Analysis of a stroop task

Abstract Sternberg's additive factor method was generalized to apply to tasks involving both serial and concurrent processing. The generalization is based on the critical path method of scheduling. The effects on reaction time of factors prolonging separate processes in a task are discussed; in general these effects are interactions of a simple form. Reaction times can be used to deduce, in part, the schedule of the mental processes in a task, including their order of execution. Bounds on process durations can be derived. Often there are redundant equations so the method can be easily rejected if it does not apply. A dual task experiment by Greenwald was analyzed. In the task subjects were presented with two stimuli and made a response to each under high and low compatibility conditions. Two bottlenecks in processing were located: (a) Subjects make only one decision at a time, in accordance with single channel theory, although the high compatibility condition may be an exception; (b) there is a mental process which takes longer when the stimuli conflict. The decisions about the two stimuli probably change places in the schedula when compatibility is changed.
Improving pattern recognition of electronic nose data with time-delay neural networks

Abstract An enhanced time-delay neural network (TDNN), using time series sensor response data, improved pattern recognition ability of an electronic nose (e-nose) in discriminating four different spices. TDNN was used for analysis of e-nose time series sensor data from 0 to 4 min, while two popular pattern recognition methods, discriminant function analysis (DFA) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained by back-propagation, were used to analyze the “instantaneous” e-nose data obtained from sensor responses only at 4 min. The results showed that DFA and MLP correctly recognized 59.4 and 62.5% of the spices respectively while TDNN correctly recognized all (100%) spices.
Changing Attitudes toward the Male Breadwinner, Female Homemaker Family Model: Influences of Women's Employment and Education over the Lifecourse

Declines in support for the male breadwinner, female homemaker family model in recent decades have been thoroughly documented, but research into the way such attitudes change over the lifecourse remains limited. Drawing on panel data and latent growth curve modeling techniques, the study identifies patterns and predictors of attitude change from 1977 through 1993. Women's support for gender specialization in marriage declined rapidly from the late 1970s through the mid-1980s, but this was followed by an interval of stability until the mid-1990s. Education is negatively associated with support for the male breadwinner model, but there was educational convergence in attitudes between the late 1970s and the early 1990s. The results highlight the critical role of women's employment for explaining the pattern of attitude change across the lifecourse.
The Import-Substitution Model: Chile in Comparative Perspective

The standard characterization of Latin America's import-substitution model of development and its “failure” overlooks two important issues. First, models of development do not spring forth full-blown with self-evident virtues or fatal flaws as politicized public policy analysts claim. They emerge over time as responses to international and domestic socioeconomic and political crises. They spring from attempts to restore economic growth and political order and are later formalized as models. In that sense, import-substitution industrialization had significant success for a number of decades. Secondly, given Latin America's situation of dependency, international economic crises before and after World War II and the characteristics of the world capitalist economy that emerged after the war had a significant impact on the rise and fall of import-substitution industrialization. However, there was considerable variation in the timing and sequencing of this impact and the extent to which these international fact...
Respiratory effects of spinal immobilization.

Objective. To evaluate the effect of whole-body spinal immobilization on respiration. Methods. This was a randomized, crossover laboratory study with 39 human volunteer subjects (20 males; 19 females) ranging in age from 7 to 85 years. Respiratory function was measured three times: at baseline (seated or lying), immobilized with a Philadelphia collar on a hard wooden backboard, and on a Scandinavian vacuum mattress with a vacuum collar. The comfort levels of each of the two methods were assessed on a forced Likert scale. Results. Both immobilization methods restricted respiration, 15% on the average. The effects were similar under the two immobilization conditions, although the FEV, was lower on the vacuum mattress. Respiratory restriction was more pronounced at the extremes of age. The vacuum mattress was significantly more comfortable. Conclusion. This study confirmed the previously reported respiratory restriction caused by spinal immobilization. Vacuum mattresses are more comfortable than wooden backb...
PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM: INHERITANCE AND EXPRESSION OF DEFICIENT RECEPTOR‐CYCLASE COUPLING PROTEIN ACTIVITY

SUMMARY Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Type I (PSP-I) is a familial disorder characterized by secondary hyperparathyroidism, resistance of urinary cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) excretion to exogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH), and by effects upon other hormones, including thyrotrophin (TSH) hyperresponsiveness to thyroliberin (TRH). In the present study, 12 PSP-I patients in five families exhibited partial deficiency of receptor-cyclase coupling protein (N protein) in blood cells, in association with the skeletal findings of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. In one father and six mothers of PSP-I patients, deficient N protein activity was associated with normal urinary cAMP responses to PTH. In this group of seven parents, five had Albright's osteodystrophy, two exhibited secondary hyperparathyroidism, and two had TSH hyperresponsiveness to TRH. In a sixth family with none of the features of Albright's osteodystrophy, N protein deficiency did not correlate with urinary cAMP responsiveness to PTH. In this kindred, one mother with N protein deficiency, but normal urinary cAMP responsiveness to PTH had raised serum levels of immunoreactive PTH. We conclude that in the majority of families with PSP-I the urinary cAMP response to PTH is an inadequate indicator of the genetic defect. In such families, deficiency of N activity more consistently points to metabolic defects, including secondary hyperparathyroidism and TSH hyperresponsiveness, even when urinary cAMP responses are normal.
Hydroformylation of 1-hexene by oxide-supported homogeneous RH(I) complexes

Analogues of RhCl(CO(PPh3)2 were anchored to alumina and silica to study the hydroformylation of 1-hexane. The support influences the species which initiates the hydroformylation mechanism and consequently influences the product composition. Increasing both temperature and CO/H2 pressure increase 1-hexene conversion. Higher temperature favors isomerization while higher pressure favors hydroformylation. Free PPh3 in solution completely eliminates isomerization and significantly enhances selectivity. Catalysts recovered from the reaction were analyzed by ESCA and IR spectroscopy.
The president as god, the recession as evil: Actus, status, and the president's rhetorical bind in the 1992 election

This essay uses theodicy to analyze political discourse concerning President Bush's relationship to the “evil” (recessionary) economy during his 1992 reelection campaign. It shows that Bush, Clinto...
Survival analysis for HDLSS data with time dependent variables: Lessons from predictive maintenance at a mining service provider

In gene expression analysis it is often the goal to predict survival given a high-dimensional space of covariates. In corresponding literature models are described that deal with low sample size which is a typical feature of such studies. This is also the case in asset management services where downtime of assets is very costly and thereby replacements are scheduled long before the actual risk of failure increases. Although sometimes good surrogates of the true failure probability are available, it is in practice often the case that a number of weak predictors exist which needed to be filtered from a large set of candidates. Although the challenge is similar to gene expression analysis, a crucial difference is that covariates in condition monitoring are dynamic whereas genes are not. The result is that in gene expression analysis any data in between failure can be omitted, which leads to a potentially high bias in variable selection for condition monitoring. The authors are not aware of any survival models that deal with high dimensional low sample size (HDLSS) data in case of time-dependent covariates. In this paper we evaluate the performance of different modeling techniques in case of HDLSS survival data including the definition of a discrete time model where survival is modeled as a locally independent, binary outcome variable. We thereby study the trade-off between omitting measurements between times of failure and disregarding temporal dependencies. The analysis is based on a real life case study where 39 components of 50 mining haul trucks were monitored in operations over almost 6 years.
Ca transients in cardiac myocytes measured with a low affinity fluorescent indicator, furaptra

Intracellular calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) transients were measured in single rat ventricular myocytes with the fluorescent indicator furaptra. Cells were voltage clamped with a single patch electrode containing the K+ salt of furaptra and fluorescence at 500 nm was measured during illumination with 350 and 370 nm light. Depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses elicited [Ca2+]-dependent fluorescent transients in 30 of 33 cells tested. The peak change in [Ca2+]i elicited by 50-ms depolarizations from -70 to +10 mV was 1.52 +/- 0.25 microM (mean +/- SEM, n=7). The size of the [Ca2+]i transient increased in response to 10 microM isoproterenol, prolongation of the depolarization, and increasing pipette [Na+]. Because furaptra is sensitive to Ca2+ and Mg2+, changes in [Mg2+]i during the [Ca2+]i transient could not be measured. Instead, a single-compartment model was developed to simulate changes in [Mg2+] during [Ca2+] transients. The simulations predicted that a 2 microM [Ca2+] transient was accompanied by a slow increase in [Mg2+] (14–29 microM), which became larger as basal [Mg2+] increased (0.5–2.0 mM). The [Mg2+] transient reached a peak approximately 1 s after the peak of the [Ca2+] transient with the slow changes in [Mg2+] dominated by competition at the Ca2+/Mg2+ sites of Troponin. These changes in [Mg2+], however, were so small and slow that they were unlikely to affect the furaptra fluorescence signal at the peak of the [Ca2+]i transient. The [Ca2+]i transient reported by furaptra appears to be larger than that reported by other Ca2+ indicators; however, we conclude this larger transient is at least as accurate as [Ca2+]i transients reported by the other indicators.
An Investigation of the Chronic Toxicity and Acceptability of Castrix

Investigations have been made of the effects of prolonged exposure of the albino rat to Castrix (2-chloro-4-dimethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine), and the acceptability of Castrix when administered to rats in their food and water. Results indicate a low degree of chronic toxicity. Reproductive ability is not reduced following administration of Castrix. A low degree of acceptability was demonstrated for Castrix-poisoned food and water.
Brassinosteroids modulate plant immunity at multiple levels

Upon detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), plants usually shift cellular activities from normal growth to defense responses called microbe- or pathogen-induced immunity (MTI or PTI) (1, 2). Effective regulation of the tradeoffs between growth and immunity according to physiological and pathological conditions is critical for plant fitness in nature. The leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase (LRR-RK) BAK1 has been considered a candidate for mediating such a tradeoff, because it serves as a coreceptor for ligand-binding LRR-RKs for both steroid hormones and MAMPs, including BRI1, which binds brassinosteroids (BRs), and FLS2, the receptor for bacterial flagellin peptide (flg22) eliciting MTI (3, 4). However, it has remained unclear whether sharing BAK1 provides the benefit of signal cross-talk, or is simply because BAK1 does not determine signaling specificity and thus needs no diversification. Experimental evaluation of BAK1's role in the interplay between BR and flagellin, as described in two studies in PNAS (5, 6), however, discover complex actions of BR on immune responses, including positive and negative as well as BAK1-dependent and BAK1-independent effects.
The Influence of Elective Neck Dissection on Neck Relapse in NO Supraglottic Carcinoma

Abstract Introduction: Mortality due to cancer in patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx is closely associated with regional relapse in the neck. Controversy exists relative to the most effective way to manage potential cervical metastases. Methods: The records of 126 patients with carcinoma of the larynx treated between 1975 and 1986 were reviewed. Sixty-three patients with T2-4,NO squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx are the subject of this report. Twenty-one patients underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor plus elective neck dissection while 42 patients underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor without neck dissection. Subsequent relapse in the neck was ascertained. Results: The overall neck relapse rate was 31.7%. In patients treated with neck dissection, the relapse rate was 14.3%, while relapse in the patients who did not have neck dissection was 40.5%. Radiation therapy did not seem to make a significant difference in relapse rate in this patient population. Conclusions: We conclude that elective neck dissection decreases the neck relapse rates significantly in patients treated for NO supraglottic carcinoma.
O002 A novel function of interferon beta in promoting the generation of anti-inflammatory M2-like microglia in vitro and in vivo

Abstract Introduction IFNβ is an approved therapeutic option for the treatment of the autoimmune multiple sclerosis (MS). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of IFNβ in MS ant its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are not fully understood and especially the effects of IFNβ in the CNS cells are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism for the beneficial effect of IFNβ in MS/EAE through the conversion of microglia (MG) from pro-inflammatory M1-like MG to anti-inflammatory M2-like MG. Methods For in vitro study: Neonatal MG were generated and activated with LPS (1 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of IFNβ (1000 U/ml) for 3 h and 6 h. Cells were then harvested and subjected to RNA extraction, followed by Q-PCR for IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-23p19, TNFα and IL-10. To measure secreted cytokine production, the supernatants from cells treated with LPS in the presence or absence of IFNβ for 24 h were collected and subjected to ELISA. To determine the effect of IFNβ-treated MG on Th1 and Th17 activation, MG matured with LPS in the presence or absence of IFNβ were co-cultured with T cells purified from spleens of 2D2 mice for 3 days. The production of IFNγ and IL-17 was measured by both intracellular staining and ELISA. For in vivo study: Mice (n = 12) were immunized with MOG35-55 and administrated with either IFNβ (10,000 U/ml, n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6) every other day starting from day 5 after immunization. Clinical scores were recorded at day 15. Spinal cords and brains from EAE mice were subjected to Iba-1 immunostaining or RNA extraction, followed by Q-PCR for Arginase-1, YM-1 and IL-10 expression. Results Our results show that the expression and production of proinflammatory M1-type cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-23 and TNFα were inhibited by IFNβ and the production of anti-inflammatory M2 cytokine IL-10 was enhanced by IFNβ in LPS-stimulated primary MG. Through this phenotype switch, IFNβ-treated MG suppressed Th1 and Th17 activation leading to the downregulation of IFNγ and IL-17 production. In vivo, IFNβ-treated EAE mice exhibit lower clinical scores, reduced Iba-1 expression, and increased expression of the M2 markers, arginase, YM-1 and IL-10 in the CNS. Conclusion Taken altogether, our results demonstrate for the first time that IFNβ favors the generation of MG2 leading to the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-12, IL-23, IFNγ and IL-17 that provides a novel molecular mechanism for the beneficial effect of IFNβ in MS/EAE.