cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Communities: Lawyering Across Language Difference

As the rapid growth of immigrant communities in recent years transforms the demography of the United States, language diversity is emerging as a critical feature of this transformation. Poor and low-wage workers and their families in the aggressively globalized U.S. economy increasingly are Limited English Proficient, renewing longstanding debates about language diversity. And yet, despite a growing awareness of the challenges posed by limited English proficiency to the social, economic, political, and cultural well-being of poor immigrants today, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of language difference in poverty lawyering. This Article confronts the complexities of lawyering across language difference. Starting with the principal model for poverty lawyering - client-centeredness - it suggests the inadequacy of the model for meeting the challenges of language difference, particularly when an interpreter is interposed in the paradigmatic lawyer-client dyad. After exploring the nature of interpretation and the role of interpreters, the Article argues in favor of a more collaborative relationship among lawyers, clients, and interpreters than is often seen in poverty law practice. Specifically, it suggests that the disruption effected by the introduction of an interpreter may be more productive than is typically realized, and invites a normative reconceptualization of the traditional lawyer-client relationship. Ultimately, the Article urges the embrace of an emerging set of practices known as community interpreting, and argues that its increased attention to cultural context, third-party relationships, and community involvement is consistent with the methods and goals of community lawyering.
A Heart as Far from Fraud as Heaven from Earth...Or Not

In 2008 the SEC indicted Dallas Mavericks owner and media mogul Mark Cuban for insider trading based exclusively on information obtained while under an oral confidentiality agreement. The government argued that this agreement was sufficient to establish the necessary duty required under misappropriation theory based on SEC Rule 10b5-2(b)(1) passed in 2000. This note argues that a confidentiality agreement is insufficient for establishing the requisite fiduciary or fiduciary-like relationship under misappropriation theory. Further, this note argues that the SEC’s attempt to circumvent the requirement for a fiduciary or fiduciary-like relationship by promulgating Rule 10b5-2(b)(1) overreaches the power given to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act.
Influence of Gender and Gender-Specific Recommendations on Adolescent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination.

Introduction The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced for female adolescents prior to male adolescents. Understanding coverage patterns related to gender-specific recommendations and factors associated with early adoption and timely completion may be important for future vaccines. Methods Retrospective analysis of HPV vaccine initiation (one or more dose) and completion (three or more doses) patterns in adolescents aged 11−18 years using 2009−2013 New York Citywide Immunization Registry data. Log binomial models assessed patient-specific (age, insurance) and practice-specific (facility type, number of adolescents, poverty level) variables on early adoption (within 1 year of recommendation) and timely completion (within 12 months) by gender. Results Of 1,494,767 adolescents, 50.2% were male, 57.5% were vaccinated in private practices, 58.7% in practices with more adolescents, and 48.8% in highest poverty locations. More female (54.0%) than male (33.5%) adolescents initiated vaccination ( p p Conclusions Changing HPV vaccine recommendations had minimal cross-gender impact. Early adoption and timely completion patterns were mostly similar across genders.
The effect of cesium carbonate on 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl[6,6]C61 aggregation in films

Surface-pressure versus molecular area isotherms, X-ray reflectivity, and X-ray near-total reflection fluorescence were used to study the properties of 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl[6,6]C61 (PCBM) that was pre-mixed with cesium carbonate and spread as a film at the air-water interface. The pre-mixed PCBM with cesium carbonate demonstrated a strikingly strong effect on the organization of the film. Whereas films formed from pure PCBM solution were rough due to strong inter-molecular interactions, the films formed from the mixture were much smoother. This indicates that the cesium carbonate moderates the inter-molecular interactions among PCBM molecules, hinting that the cesium diffusion observed in inverted organic photovoltaic structures and the likely ensuing ionic Cs-PCBM interaction decrease aggregation tendency of PCBM. This implies that the use of cesium salts affects the morphology of the organic layer and consequently improves the efficiency of these devices.
Circulating tumor cells as a marker of response: implications for determining treatment efficacy and evaluating new agents.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To assess the current and future potential of using circulating tumor cells (CTC) as a biomarker to assess staging/prognosis and treatment efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS The shedding of prostate cancer cells by the primary tumor into the circulation can occur very early in the disease process but the detection of CTC at the time of initial presentation is not necessarily a poor prognostic. Furthermore, some patients who have undergone a radical prostatectomy and have no evidence of disease for 5 years still have detectable tumor cells in their bone marrow. In some cases these dormant tumor cells can eventually be activated and form a metastasis. In other situations the shed cells might contain aggressive stem-like cells. Overall, a pattern of an evolving genomic and molecular profile appears to be apparent over the course of initial dissemination to development of overt metastases. Clinically, several studies suggest that the enumeration of CTC prior to and during chemotherapy is predictive of the overall therapeutic response. Additionally, the absolute count or CTC threshold could be patient specific and not universal, suggesting the change in CTC count on a case-by-case basis may be more significant for patient management. SUMMARY CTC are clinically significant in the management of prostate cancer. However, to determine the true efficacy of CTC detection in the active clinical arena, coordinated multi-institutional studies with a standardized detection methodology need to be undertaken.
Autonomous Aileron Roll Control for Miniature Air Vehicles

As miniature air vehicles (MAVs) proliferate in various optical surveillance missions, the ability to autonomously avoid obstacles in the flight path using aerobatic maneuvering becomes more desirable. A basic aerobatic flight maneuver from which other maneuvers can be derived is the aileron roll. The aileron roll maneuver can be executed using a time-parametrized attitude trajectory generation algorithm in conjunction with an associated attitude tracking control law. Additionally, by accounting for actual angle of attack of the MAV, the deviation from the initial flight path during an aileron roll maneuver can be decreased. However, to be successful, an attitude-based switching logic must be implemented in the control law to account for the arc-tangent range being undefined between for angles greater than 90 degrees causing control reversal during the inverted portion of the maneuver. The performance of our control algorithm during aileron roll maneuvers is demonstrated through computer flight simulations and flight tests.
Broadcasting in cycles with chords

Broadcasting is the process of information dissemination in which one node, the originator, knows a single piece of information and using a series of calls must inform every other node in the network of this information. We assume that at any given time, a node can communicate the message to another node, with which it shares an edge, by acting as either a sender or receiver, but not both. Multiple message broadcasting considers the case when the originator has m messages, where m > 1, to disseminate. Whereas broadcasting limits the communication of a message from one node to another node via a single edge, line broadcasting allows one node to send a message to any other node in the network as long as a simple path exists between the sending node and the receiving node and every edge along the path is not in use. In this dissertation, we consider the problem of broadcasting in a cycle with chords and we develop broadcast schemes for this type of network. We begin by investigating the problem of broadcasting in a cycle with one and two chords, respectively. Then, we consider the problem of multiple message broadcasting in cycles with one and two chords. Finally, we consider the problem of line broadcasting in cycles with chords. Through our investigations, we develop two algorithms for the problem of broadcasting in a cycle with one and two chords, respectively and we analyze the correctness and complexity of these algorithms. Then, we discuss problems associated with multiple message broadcasting in cycles with one and two chords. Finally, we use techniques developed for line broadcasting in cycles to create minimum time broadcast schemes for cycles through the addition of chords. Using techniques developed in this dissertation, we are able to broadcast in minimum time in cycles with chords. In cycles whose size is a power of 2, we have proved that the number of chords that we add to the cycle is the minimum number of chords required to broadcast in minimum time in such a cycle.
Peeping at Doctrine of the Mean Thinking in Zhou Yi

Doctrine of the Mean thinking is the most outstanding code for life conduct proposed by Confucianists.And Mean thinking is fully embodied in the Book of Changes (Zhou Yi).Probing Zhou Yi from the differing perspectives of the Yao Wei,Gua Xiang, and the Qian Jie Gua,we can know that Zhou Yi contains an abundance of Doctrine of the Mean thought,so it is the fountainhead of Doctrine of the Mean thinking.
Study on Information Providing for Patients Select Doctors

To explore the needs of the masses of the information providing for patients select doctors, so as to provide basic date for the medical institution's practical operation and to formulate policies. Information content to take top 5 is respectively the technology specialty 82. 1%, service attitude 58. 4% , professional time 49. 9% , professional title 43. 8%, and academic degree 30. 8% ' s. Methods of information providing to take top 5 is respectively announcement column 49. 6%, handbook 34. 2%, medical guide 24. 5% , electronic screen 24. 3% and internet 15. 5% . There have been some differences inside crowds of different levels of education about the information content and providing method. It is more appropriate to provide information for patients select doctors respectively according to various crowd.
High Carbohydrate Diet and Starvation Regulate Lipogenic mRNA in Rats in a Tissue-Specific Manner

We have previously shown that the effects of a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet and 24-h starvation on fatty acid synthesis in rats are tissue specific. In the present study we examine the tissue-specific pretranslational effects of high carbohydrate feeding, starvation and refeeding a high carbohydrate diet after starvation on the lipogenic pathway by measuring the levels of mRNA encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) using Northern analysis. Additionally, we measured mRNA S14, a sequence tightly associated with lipogenesis. In rats fed the high carbohydrate diet, hepatic levels of the three mRNA were 3-5 fold higher than in controls. The level of S14 mRNA was doubled in epididymal fat, but other effects of this diet in adipose tissues were not significant. Expression in kidney, heart, lung and brain was not altered. Starvation significantly reduced the level of these mRNA in all tissues examined except brain. In liver, refeeding the high carbohydrate diet induced the expression of ACC, FAS and S14 mRNA 20-30 fold compared with the values found in 48-h starved animals. Hyperinduction of ACC and FAS, but not S14 mRNA expression was also observed in adipose tissues. The tissue-specific nature of these effects is consistent with previous measurements of fatty acid synthesis and confirm that this regulation occurs at the pretranslational level.
Multipurpose Transposon-Insertion Libraries in Yeast

Libraries of transposon-insertion alleles constitute powerful and versatile tools for large-scale analysis of yeast gene function. Transposon-insertion libraries are constructed most simply through mutagenesis of a plasmid-based genomic DNA library; modification of the mutagenizing transposon by incorporation of yeast selectable markers, recombination sites, and an epitope tag enables the application of insertion alleles for phenotypic screening and protein localization. In particular, yeast genomic DNA libraries have been mutagenized with modified bacterial transposons carrying the URA3 marker, lox recombination sites, and sequence encoding multiple copies of the hemagglutinin (HA) epitope. Mutagenesis with these transposons has yielded a large resource of insertion alleles affecting nearly 4000 yeast genes in total. Through well-established protocols, these insertion libraries can be introduced into the desired strain backgrounds and the resulting insertional mutants can be screened or systematically analyzed. Relative to alternative methods of UV irradiation or chemical mutagenesis, transposon-insertion alleles can be easily identified by PCR-based approaches or high-throughput sequencing. Transposon-insertion libraries also provide a cost-effective alternative to targeted deletion approaches, although, in contrast to start-codon to stop-codon deletions, insertion alleles might not represent true null-mutants. For protein-localization studies, transposon-insertion alleles can provide encoded epitope tags in-frame with internal codons; in many cases, these transposon-encoded epitope tags can provide a more accurate localization for proteins in which terminal sequences are crucial for intracellular targeting. Thus, overall, transposon-insertion libraries can be used quickly and economically and have a particular utility in screening for desired phenotypes and localization patterns in nonstandard genetic backgrounds.
UNIX and Linux Security

There are many objectives and goals to be considered when securing a operating system. When configuring Unix operating system security, consider the critical principles of security known as the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) triad. In addition to incorporating security controls that relate to the CIA triad, three other security features directly affect CIA and aid the overall site security program: access control, auditing, and backups. Although this chapter covers general Unix considerations, it also addresses several Linux specific items. This chapter is for all Linux variants: file names, directory paths, variable names, and so on, may also have to be taken into consideration. There are numerous versions of Linux, and it would be beyond the scope of this chapter to try to detail them all. All requirements listed within this chapter will pertain to all versions of Linux unless explicitly noted otherwise.
Towards an Understanding of the Role of Context on the Psychological Meaning of Products and Brands

Meaning is all around us each and every day, yet the intricacies that determine these meanings for individuals are dependent upon many external components. Meanings are not only a part of the activities in which we participate and the products and services that we purchase, but may be contained in the objects and services around us that we do not purchase, or in activities in which we do not participate.
Next generation ionospheric heater antenna

An electrically small, three dimensional metamaterial inspired antenna at MHz frequencies is evaluated for its potential future use as the principle radiating element in a Mobile Ionospheric Heating (MIH) installation. The design consists of a small loop antenna (SLA) which inductively couples to a capacitively loaded loop (CLL) providing a high Q with a natural match to a 50 Ω source. At approximately 2.5 × 3 × 1.2 m in size the antenna is significantly smaller than the element, 21 × 21 × 16 m, used in the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) array designed for ionospheric modification. With a gain upwards of 7 dBi when mounted above a sufficiently large ground plane, and up to 90 % efficiency, this electrically small antenna, ESA, provides a compact, efficient radiating element as a standalone radiator or as part of an array. It is demonstrated that tuning from approximately 3 to 10 MHz is possible via adjustment of the capacitance in the CLL and the mutual inductance between the SLA and CLL. A full-scale prototype antenna was fabricated and evaluated to obtain experimental radiation efficiencies and patterns at 500 W power levels, which compare favorably to simulations. Scaling for array operation revealed that it is conceivable to generate 3.6 GW ERP power in equatorial zones from a transportable platform based on the ESA. Such power levels suffice effecting ionospheric modification and, for instance, ELF wave generation in the range of 1–70 Hz.
Abstract IA26: Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells (CRCs): A simple, two-component cell system for basic and clinical cancer research

Conditional reprogramming (CR) is a new cell biology technique that allows for the rapid and efficient outgrowth of matched normal and tumor epithelial tissue from patient samples. This approach combines the use of a ROCK inhibitor and irradiated feeder cells to induce and select for stem-like cells from adult tissues. While normal CR cells can be maintained for prolonged periods in vitro (in most cases they are conditionally immortalized), they retain their potential to differentiate normally when returned to an appropriate in vivo or in vitro environmental niche. Tumor cells can also be readily established in culture, although they can exhibit reduced dependence upon feeder cells and ROCK inhibitor for continued proliferation. The high efficiency of this system makes it feasible to establish cell cultures from rare tumor specimens. Minor modifications of the CR method also allow for the outgrowth of neuroendocrine and mesenchyme-like cells, possibly including cells that have undergone epithelial/mesenchymal transition. Biobanking using the CR method is now standardly applied in our pathology department in order to generate a renewable resource of patient samples for scientific investigation. The greatest challenge for routine application of this method is the selection of tumor cells from surgical biopsy specimens. Since both normal and tumor cells proliferate under these conditions, it is critical to evaluate the histologic composition of the biopsies and to validate the outgrowth of tumor cells using molecular biomarkers. Modified growth conditions are being developed to facilitate the selective outgrowth of tumor cells from mixed normal/tumor samples. This cell culture system has been used to identify new therapies for rare tumors (1) and characterize patient biopsies (2), and is now being applied broadly in new NCI initiatives for second-generation cancer cell models. 1. N Engl J Med 367:1220, 2012 2. Science 346:1480, 2014 Citation Format: Richard Schlegel. Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells (CRCs): A simple, two-component cell system for basic and clinical cancer research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Patient-Derived Cancer Models: Present and Future Applications from Basic Science to the Clinic; Feb 11-14, 2016; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(16_Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.
Clinical implementation of anchored multiplex PCR with targeted next-generation sequencing for detection of ALK, ROS1, RET and NTRK1 fusions in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

8095 Background: Chromosomal rearrangements resulting in expression of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase fusions occur in a subset of epithelial malignancies and can underlie sensitivity to tyrosi...
Cost analysis of global road traffic death prevention: Forecasts to 2050

Road traffic safety initiatives are gaining momentum worldwide as more governments and international organizations recognize the implications of traffic accidents on economic and human development. In 2015, as part of its Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations Development Programme set a global target (3.6) to halve the number of traffic deaths and injuries by 2020. This article uses the International Futures integrated forecasting system to explore the plausibility of achieving that goal and the potential forward linkages of such an intervention. We find that halving annual deaths caused by road traffic accidents is likely to be overly ambitious, and examine more reasonable road traffic death-rate targets using an approach derived from road traffic death rates relative to income level.
Triggering of volcanic degassing by large earthquakes

Statistical analysis of temporal relationships between large earthquakes (M w ≥ 7) and volcanic eruptions suggests that seismic waves may trigger eruptions over great (>1000 km) distances from the epicenter, but a robust relationship between volcanic and teleseismic activity remains elusive. Here we investigate the relationship between dynamic stresses propagated by surface waves and a volcanic response, manifested by changes in sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions measured by the spaceborne Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Surface wave amplitudes for a catalog of 69 earthquakes in A.D. 2004–2010 are modeled at 12 persistently degassing volcanoes detected by the OMI. The volcanic response is assessed by examining daily OMI SO 2 measurements in 28 day windows centered on earthquakes meeting a variable peak dynamic stress threshold. A positive volcanic response is identified if the average post-earthquake SO 2 mass was at least 20% larger than the pre-earthquake SO 2 mass. We find two distinct volcanic responses, correlating strongly with eruption style. Open-vent, basaltic volcanoes exhibit a positive response to earthquake-generated dynamic stress (i.e., the earthquake triggers increased SO 2 discharge), and andesitic volcanoes exhibit a negative response. We suggest that the former is consistent with disruption or mobilization of bubbles, or magma sloshing, in low-viscosity magmas, whereas the latter observation may reflect more dominant controls on degassing in viscous magmas or a post-earthquake reduction in permeability. Overall this analysis suggests that the potential effects of large earthquakes should be taken into account when interpreting trends in volcanic gas emissions.
University of California, San Diego, 1969–1981

Penelope and I flew from London to San Diego with 6 month old Robert to enable me to start at UCSD on April 1, 1969. We had been pleasantly surprised to receive a letter from a realtor asking us what kind of house we would like. The result was that we chose one in the La Jolla Farms area adjacent to the campus which turned out to be a very auspicious move. I could not afford the down payment but my father helped. The medical school was in its infancy at the time with the first medical students having arrived in the previous fall. Only the most senior professors had been recruited, and each time another person joined the faculty the Dean threw a party, and also the new recruit gave an introductory lecture to all faculty in the school. There were a number of stellar academics and a wonderful intellectual atmosphere and esprit de corps. As mentioned above a major obligation of mine was to teach physiology to first-year medical students. I had never done this before and found it stimulating but challenging. The result was that I wrote my book “Respiratory physiology: the essentials” which has since become a standard textbook for medical students and is now in its 10th addition. Another obligation was to obtain external funding. While I was at the Ames Research Center I had put in an application to study pulmonary function in astronauts in space. Miraculously it was funded and the first check arrived the day I started and funding continued for over 30 years. Subsequently I was able to obtain an NIH training grant, and later a Program Project grant. These were the days when funding was much easier to obtain than now. An important early event was recruiting Peter Wagner who came as a postdoctoral fellow from Sydney. He is still in the Division and has been a tower of strength. Our daughter, Joanna, was born in 1971, and we moved to a larger house in the Farms area that was in the process of being built. The area had been an army camp, and the soil was solid clay. However over the years, Penelope, who is a keen gardener, has done wonders and we now have a beautiful garden. Another unexpected dividend of the location was the Torrey Pines Glider Port only some 10 min away. I have much enjoyed flying radio-controlled gliders there.
Games of the Principle in the Choice of its Agency

In the choice of his or her agency, the performer plays the games to maximize his or her profit. It analyzes various games that the principle can behave in the embezzlement game and open-shop game.
QUINONE SYNTHESIS WITH ORGANOMETALLIC REAGENTS

Efforts directed toward the naphthoquinone antibiotics have focussed on transition metal-promoted reactions. Initial targets are frenolicin and nanaomycin A, closely related compounds with a substituted tetrahydropyran ring fused to a naphthoquinone unit. Two general approaches have been completed. In the first case, the simple napththoquinone, juglone, is elaborated through nickel-promoted conjugate addition of an acyl anion and trapping of the resulting enolate with allyl iodide. Alternatively, the intramolecular cycloaddition of an alkyne unit with an arylcarbene-chromium complex (derived from anisole) leads to precisely the same intermediate. Then palladium-catalyzed intramolecular alkoxy-carbonylation of the double bond in the allyl side chain gives the pyran ring. Simple protecting group manipulations provide the natural products. The strategy involving the carbene-chromium chemistry is then applied to the more complicated target, granaticin. An elaborate analog of anisole is required for the key step, and it is prepared in a short series of stereospecific operations. The conversion to granaticin follows the same lines as the frenolicin.
Die Deutschen in Nord- und Süd-Carolina Während des 18. Jahrhunderts

Die ersten deutschen Niederlassungen1 in den Carolinas waren erklarlicherweise an der Kuste. Nord-Carolina erhielt seine ersten deutschen Ansiedler aus jener grosen Masse Pfalzer, die 1710 nach England kamen. Christoph Graffenried (auch unter dem Namen Baron Christoph von Graffenried bekannt) aus Bern langte mit einigen schweizer Auswanderern gerade zu der Zeit in London an, als man sich dort den Kopf daruber zerbrach, was mit den 13 000 Pfalzern anzufangen sei. In London traf Graffenried mit Ludwig Michel (auch haufig Mitchell geschrieben), einem andern Schweizer, zusammen, der mehrere Jahre in Amerika zugebracht hatte, um sich ein Urteil uber die Verhaltnisse der amerikanischen Kolonisten zu bilden.1 Graffenried und Michel hielten den Zeitpunkt fur geeignet, in den Carolinas eine Niederlassung zu begrunden. Sie gingen auf die auserst entgegenkommenden Vorschlage der Besitzer ein, die 20 Schilling Sterling fur je 100 Morgen Land forderten, und verpflichteten sich zu einer weiteren Verzinsung von je 100 Morgen mit sechs Pence jahrlich. Im ubrigen sollte ihnen wahrend eines Zeitraums von zwolf Jahren das Vorkaufsrecht auf 100 000 Morgen Land zustehen. Sie gewannen etwa 650 Pfalzer fur dies Unternehmen, so das zur Uberfahrt zwei Schiffe notig waren. Es wurde ihnen gestattet, sich alle zusammen ano der zwischen den Flussen Neuse und Cape Fear oder deren Nebenflussen anzusiedeln, und im Dezember 1710 kamen sie am Zusammenflus des Neuse- und des Trent-Flusses in Nord-Carolina an, wo sie eine Niederlassung grundeten, die sie nach ihrer schweizer Hauptstadt New Bern (Newbern) benannten.
Effect of pH and Salinity on Silica–Lysozyme Hetero-Aggregation

The interactions of nanomaterials with biological entities have been the focus of many recent studies.
Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure, Decreased Sensorium, Aspiration, and Capnography

While noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has several advantages in comparison to invasive modes of ventilation, there are cases where the risks associated with NIPPV far outweigh those benefits. In this chapter we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various modes of NIPPV, the pathophysiology of aspiration, as well as run a comparison between devices used to confirm tracheal intubation during cardiac arrest.
Mitigating the “Powder Keg”: The Experiences of Faculty of Color Teaching Multicultural Competence:

Teaching multicultural competence is a unique experience. Little is known, however, about the experiences of faculty of color teaching multicultural competence. In this phenomenological study, semi...
An old task in new clothes: A preregistered direct replication attempt of enclothed cognition effects on Stroop performance

Abstract Adam and Galinsky (2012) motivated their theory of enclothed cognition using experimental results showing that wearing a doctor's coat improved selective attention by reducing errors on incongruent Stroop trials. While many other studies have pursued extensions of this idea, there have been no published replications of this influence on the Stroop effect. This preregistered, direct replication attempt uses equivalence testing and the small telescopes framework from Simonsohn (2015) to argue that such an effect, if it exists, is too small to have been reliably detected under the original design. Theoretically predicted sequential effects as small as 7 ms were successfully detected at α = .05, indicating that the failure to find an effect of lab coat is likely not due to power limitations or poor experimental technique.
Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing and on the mechanism of action of bactericidal antibody.

The interaction of gram-negative bacteria and the serum complement system has been studied for nearly a century. From the most rudimentary observation that fresh blood could kill certain types of bacteria (Bordet 1985) has evolved detailed understanding of (a) the gram-negative cell wall constituents that activate complement, (b) the role of antibody in initiating or facilitating the process of complement activation, and (c) the biochemical localization and biological consequences of complement deposition and complement activation by pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief review of existing data in these areas and to outline in detail the work done in our laboratory over the last 4 years on complement activation by gramnegative bacteria.
Getting to the Root of the Matter: Pre-Service Teachers' Experiences and Positionalities with Learning to Teach in Culturally Diverse Contexts.

This study investigated the experiences of a group of pre-service secondary science teachers in learning to teach in culturally diverse contexts. The pre-service teachers were all assigned to placements within a large, urban, culturally diverse public high school and paired with mentor teachers. Through one-on-one interviews, the pre-service teachers were asked to recount and evaluate their experiences, as well as to respond to research-informed deficit beliefs about urban and culturally diverse students and communities. Through critical discourse analysis, the pre-service teachers were characterized as establishing particular positionalities in regards to learning to teach within the culturally diverse context of the high school. The pre-service teachers were, furthermore, characterized as establishing particular positionalities in regards to select deficit beliefs that were discussed in the interviews. The role of agency and institutional power structures in supporting or constraining the positionalities established by the pre-service teachers was also considered. Major implications from this study include the need for teacher education programs to address gaps between pedagogical theory and practice enacted or observed in classrooms; the need to facilitate stronger systems of support for pre-service teacher education from the school-based administration; and positionalities, as indicators of more deeply held beliefs, and how these beliefs may influence teaching and learning.
Embodied attunement: a dance/movement therapy approach to working with couples

Attachment theory is well-recognised for understanding and treating adult love relationships. Neuroscientific research highlights the implicit process of attachment and the unconscious, nonverbal, ...
The effect of solder paste volume on surface mount assembly self-alignment

Abstract In surface mount assembly, the consistency of solder paste volumes and the placement of the components play a vital role in the movement of the chip components when they go through the reflow soldering process. These movements may lead to common assembly defects such as overhanging, tilting, nonwetting, and tombstoning. Components to be assembled in surface mount assembly have self-alignment nature, which is driven by the total internal energy including gravitational energy, surface tension energy, etc. in the molten solder attributed to various factors. The factors include 1) solder paste composition, surface energy, gravity; 2) process variations such as solder paste volume, solder paste location, the inequality of solder paste volumes at the two terminals of the passive component, and components location and orientation; 3) design parameters such as pad dimension, pad-to-pad spacing, and pad surface finish. In this research, energy-based three-dimensional model is created to predict solder joint profile (shape). Three types of passive chip component are chosen to be the modelling examples to investigate the component self-alignment performance during the reflow soldering process. By nature, the molten solder being a bulk fluid always tends to minimize its internal energy towards mechanical equilibrium and it causes the passive component to move to the state of minimal energy. This movement leads the component to self-align. Thus, by creating an energy minimization model, we can simulate the process of component self-alignment and predict the solder joint profile, final location, and orientation of the passive component. Experimental studies are performed to develop a data-driven prediction model and are compared with the simulated component for validation. The passive components are placed with intended misplacements and their positions are measured before and after soldering. A wide range of surface mount assembly imperfections are considered and intentionally studied to achieve a powerful dataset and better convergence.
Point-of-care ultrasound for confirmation of gastrostomy tube replacement in the pediatric emergency department

Gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) are frequently used in children for feeding and nutrition. Complications related to G-tubes (and G-buttons) in children represent a common presentation to the emergency department (ED). G-tube replacement is usually performed by pediatric emergency medicine physicians. Misplacement may lead to tract disruption, perforation, fistula tract formation, or feeding into the peritoneum. Contrast-enhanced radiographs are traditionally used for confirmation. In addition to a longer length-of-stay, repeat ED visits result in repeated radiation exposure. The use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) instead of radiography avoids this exposure to ionizing radiation. Here, we describe three patients who presented with G-tube complications in whom POCUS alone performed by pediatricians was used for confirmation of the tubes’ replacement. Two children presented to the ED with G-tube dislodgement, and one child presented with a ruptured balloon. In all three cases, a new G-tube was replaced at the bedside using POCUS guidance without the need for further radiographic studies. There were no known ED or clinic returns for G-tube complaints over the next 30 days. This is the first report of pediatricians using POCUS to guide and confirm G-tube replacement in children. The success of these cases suggests the technique’s feasibility. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the learning curves, diagnostic accuracy, ED length-of-stay, and use of confirmatory imaging.
Abstract 5351: FLASH irradiation enhances the therapeutic index of abdominal radiotherapy in mice

Radiation therapy is the most effective cytotoxic cancer therapy available for the treatment of localized tumors. However, radiation-induced toxicity to normal tissues limits the radiation dose and therefore the curative potential of radiotherapy. In particular, the highly radiosensitive intestine greatly limits the use of radiation for patients with intra-abdominal tumor diseases including women with ovarian cancer. Here we sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of FLASH radiation therapy in the treatment of widespread ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases. We performed abdominal irradiation on healthy and ovarian tumor-bearing mice at conventional (CONV, (0.07 Gy/sec)) or FLASH (200 Gy/sec) dose rates and examined gut function by stool counts, DNA damage in crypt cells by γ-H2AX staining, cell death and proliferation by TUNEL/ caspase-3 staining and BrdU immunohistochemistry respectively. We report that ultrahigh dose rate FLASH irradiation causes significantly less radiation-induced intestinal injury in both healthy and tumor-bearing mice compared to CONV dose rate irradiation. Abdominal FLASH reduced the mortality from gastrointestinal syndrome, preserved gut function and epithelial integrity as reflected by their stool counts and FITC-Dextran analysis. In addition, we found decreased cell death and enhanced proliferation of crypt base columnar cells (CBCs) following FLASH irradiation in comparison to CONV irradiation. We also detected reduced number of γ-H2AX foci in crypt cells indicating less DNA damage and/or increased DNA repair after FLASH compared to CONV irradiation. Importantly, FLASH and CONV irradiation have similar efficacy in the reduction of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases. These findings suggest that FLASH irradiation has biological advantages compared to conventional dose rate irradiation in reducing radiation-induced intestinal injury within the irradiation field and therefore may be an effective strategy to enhance the therapeutic index of radiotherapy for the treatment of abdominal and pelvic tumor disease. Citation Format: Suchitra Natarajan, Karen Levy, Jinghui Wang, Stephanie Chow, Joshua Eggold, Phoebe Loo, Rakesh Manjappa, Frederick M. Lartey, Emil Schuler, Lawrie Skinner, Marjan Rafat, Ryan Ko, Anna Kim, Duaa Al Rawi, Rie von Eyben, Oliver Dorigo, Kerriann M. Casey, Edward E. Graves, Karl Bush, Amy S. Yu, Albert C. Koong, Peter G. Maxim, Billy W. Loo, Erinn B. Rankin. FLASH irradiation enhances the therapeutic index of abdominal radiotherapy in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5351.
The Pendulum Effect: Explaining Shifts in the Democratic Response to Terrorism

Successful modern democracies act to balance the twin obligations of maintaining secure and tolerant environments for their citizens. When faced with external threats such as global terrorism, democracies respond in a pendulum fashion — acting initially by giving security precedence over other values and then swinging back towards moderation, the pursuit of tolerance, and the promotion of policies that match the preferences of the median voter in society. Understanding this behavior helps to explain shifts in U.S. security policy since 9/11, and suggests fruitful avenues for research in political psychology.
Behavioural interventions for CVD risk reduction for blue-collar workers: a systematic review.

Objectives Individuals working in blue-collar occupations experience high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the characteristics and efficacy of behavioural interventions that have targeted CVD risk factors in this high-risk group. Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched seven databases to find interventions focused on changing the following: blood pressure, cholesterol, diet, physical activity, smoking or weight. Eligible studies tested a behavioural intervention (not exclusively policy, environmental, or pharmaceutical), in individuals working in blue-collar occupations using a randomised study design. Study quality was evaluated using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s study quality assessment tool. Results 22 studies evaluating 31 interventions were included: 11 were rated as ‘good’ or ‘fair’ quality. Intervention intensity ranged from a single contact via a mailed letter to studies that included individual-level contacts at multiple time points between staff and participants. Studies that included at least some individual contact generally yielded the greatest effects. Interventions had the greatest observed effects on self-report changes in diet, regardless of intervention intensity. Four of the five higher quality studies that explicitly tailored the intervention to the occupational group were successful at reducing at least one risk factor. Conclusions Interventions that used individual contact and tailored the intervention to the occupational setting yielded the greatest effects on CVD risk-factor reduction in individuals working in blue-collar occupations. Generally, studies were low quality but showed promising effects for reaching this high-risk population. Future work should incorporate these promising findings in higher quality studies. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019136183.
Big Data Protection: Big Problem?

Considerable debate exists as to the interaction of antitrust and privacy law. This nuanced debate encompasses many difficult questions: when is there a strong consumer preference for privacy, and when is there not? Under what circumstances do consumers happily trade data for service access? When asked, do consumers they tell researchers when these instances are? In an online world characterized by large platforms, is data collection a feature or a bug, and are the terms competitive? Can consumers and publishers internalize possible externalities from data use, or are there incentives for data processors to generate external costs? All these questions have profound implications for interoperability, because they affect how much use can be made of data across systems: the stronger the data protection right, the weaker the prospects of interoperability. The purpose of this article is to note significant moves in recent months towards a more consumer-centric approach to answering these questions, which holds out the promise of greater interoperability. There is a prospect of using a well-known competition law device – the consumer welfare standard – to unite competition and privacy analyses, placing the consumer interest, and not those of producers or regulators, at the heart of the answers to these crucial questions.
Coordination in Distributed Collaborative Environments: a Key to Better Decisions

Distributed, collaborative decision making is becoming more common in many organizations. It occurs for a multitude of decision types, and is enabled by IT support. However no systematic study of the use and impact of such IT-based environments on decision outcomes has been done. In this research I develop a taxonomy of information environments and the information and coordination mechanisms made available in a distributed collaborative environment (DCE). I will use this taxonomy to study the fit between use of the DCE and the information environment in which decisions are made. I hypothesize that use of appropriate coordination mechanisms for inputs and processes improves decision outcomes. I will test the model in an empirical field study of two different operational decision types made with and without a DCE in offshore oil production.
Variational analysis of temperature and moisture advection in a severe storm environment

Horizontal wind components, potential temperature, and mixing ratio fields associated with a severe storm environment in the south central United States were objectively analyzed from synoptic upper air observations with a nonhomogeneous anisotropic weighting function. The particular case study discussed here is the tornado producting squall line which moved through eastern Oklahoma 26 May 1973. The synoptic situation which preceded squall line development was cyclogenesis and frontogenesis in the lee-of-mountain trough, which produced a well-defined surface dry line (or dew point front) and a pronounced mid-level dry air intrusion. It is shown that the intrusion was also characterized by warm air, with a lapse rate approaching the dry adiabatic.
Work in progress-reexamining closed laboratories in computer science courses

We present early results of a project that ultimately seeks to define how best to design, implement and deliver the next generation of laboratories for courses in computer science. In response to computing curriculum 1991 many computing programs adopted closed laboratories, especially for early courses. But advances in computing since 1991 raise questions about why closed laboratories should be used. The project has begun with a reexamination of the goals and strengths of the closed laboratory model. We have defined a classification of the types of activities students carry out in closed laboratories, along with set of rationales for why an activity might be included in a closed laboratory. These results were used to modify some closed laboratories in our CS1 course. We believe that the more complete understanding that our analysis of closed laboratories provides will help us design more effective practicum-oriented experiences for students in computing courses.
Mode of Action of 2-Nitro-1-Butyl Pyridinium Sulfate

Ten micrograms of 2-nitro-1-butyl pyridinium sulfate (NBPS) per milliliter inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis by blocking thymidylate synthetase. The inhibition could be reversed by the addition of thymine or cytosine.
Juveniles' Capacities to Waive Miranda Rights: An Empirical Analysis

Although Miranda v. Arizona' established that a criminal suspect must be warned specifically of his rights to silence and to counsel before interrogation, whether a juvenile suspect has the legal and psychological capacities to understand these rights is subject to question.2 Doubts concerning minors' comprehension of their Miranda rights are increased by the fact that despite receiving the warnings, most juveniles in pretrial proceedings waive rather than invoke their rights.3 The validity of Miranda rights waivers by juveniles, therefore, is a perplexing,4 significant5 issue. Recognizing that waivers by juveniles merit special consideration and scrutiny not accorded those by adults, courts have generally followed one of two approaches. Either they have required an after-thefact review of all the circumstances attending the waiver, or they have required initial safeguards followed by a review of whether the safeguards were effected. The first approach, adopted by the majority of jurisdictions, mandates a consideration of the "totality of the circumstances" in determining whether a juvenile's waiver of his Miranda rights was knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made.6 Thus, in assessing the validity of a waiver, courts are free to consider, inter alia,