cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Queenship: Politics and Gender in Tudor England

In the Tudor century both queens consort and queens regnant presided at court. The role of consorts reflected that of noblewomen, who were expected to produce a male heir to continue their husband's line, to oversee some household functions, to supervise their female attendants, and to support religious enterprises deemed appropriate to women. In addition, their royal status offered consorts opportunities to engage in court politics and to influence patronage. Because giving birth to a male heir defined the success of their reign, their inability to reproduce or to protect their honor sometimes endangered their position as consort, as Henry VIII's wives discovered. By contrast, in addition to marrying and securing the succession, Mary and Elizabeth Tudor were expected to rule as monarchs. The perceived inability of women to govern led to demands that they heed their male councilors’ advice. Concerns about whether her husband would dominate royal decision-making raised questions about Philip II's role in Mary's reign. Elizabeth compensated for her singleness by devising strategies for dealing with her male councilors and through representations of her public persona as male.
Semiconductor optoelectronic devices for free-space optical communications

LIGHT emitting devices based AlGaAs lasers are very useful radiation sources in free-space opticalcommunications systems. Following a brief review of the properties of individual injection lasers, more complex devices are described. These include (or are relevant to) monolithic integration configurations of the lasers with their electronic driving circuitry, power combining methods of semiconductor lasers, and electronic methods of steering the radiation patterns of semiconductor lasers and laser arrays. Fabrication of such devices is one of the major prerequisites for realizing fully the potential advantages of free-space optical communications.
Parenteral fish-oil–based lipid emulsion improves fatty acid profiles and lipids in parenteral nutrition–dependent children

Background: Total parenteral nutrition (PN), including fat administered as a soybean oil–based lipid emulsion (SOLE), is a life-saving therapy but may be complicated by PN-induced cholestasis and dyslipidemia. A fish-oil–based lipid emulsion (FOLE) as a component of PN can reverse PN-cholestasis and has been shown to improve lipid profiles. Objective: The objective was to describe changes in the fatty acid and lipid profiles of children with PN-cholestasis who were treated with a FOLE. Design: Lipid and fatty acid profiles of 79 pediatric patients who developed PN-cholestasis while receiving standard PN with a SOLE were examined before and after the switch to a FOLE. All patients received PN with the FOLE at a dose of 1 g kg 21 d 21 for 1 mo. Results: The median (interquartile range) age at the start of the FOLE treatment was 91 (56–188) d. After a median (interquartile range) of 18.3 (9.4–41.4) wk of receiving the FOLE, the subjects’ median total and direct bilirubin improved from 7.9 and 5.4 mg/dL to 0.5 and 0.2 mg/dL, respectively (P , 0.0001). Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL concentrations significantly decreased by 51.7%, 17.4%, 23.7%, and 47.9%, respectively. Conclusions: The switch from a SOLE to a FOLE in PN-dependent children with cholestasis and dyslipidemia was associated with a dramatic improvement in serum triglyceride and VLDL concentrations, a significant increase in serum omega-3 (n23) fatty acids (EPA and DHA), and a decrease in serum omega-6 fatty acids (arachidonic acid). A FOLE may be the preferred lipid emulsion in patients with PN-cholestasis, dyslipidemia, or both. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00910104. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008557.
Injury and illness in college outdoor education.

Objective Many colleges offer outdoor education courses such as rock climbing, kayaking, and mountain biking. Since these sports may be perceived as dangerous, we describe the prevalence of injuries and illnesses in a large, university-based outdoor education program. We also compare composite incident rates from this outdoor program to those of traditional college sports. Methods Cohort of college students participating in either Cornell Outdoor Education (COE) or National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports and comparison of incident rates. COE data were prospectively collected in the field; and NCAA data were prospectively collected through the Association's Injury Surveillance System. By definition, a COE injury or illness required follow-up care, prescription medication, or limited course participation. Similarly, a NCAA injury limited further practice or play. Incident rates were calculated as injuries and illnesses per 1000 participant-days (COE) or injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures (NCAA). Results Included COE courses during 2002–2007 totaled 74 005 participant-days. There were 111 injuries and illnesses, rate=1.50/1000 participant-days (95% CI 1.24–1.81). The NCAA reported 32 646 899 athlete-exposures during 1988-2004 and 181 476 injuries, rate=5.56/1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI 5.53–5.58). Compared to COE, the relative risk of injury in NCAA sports was 3.7 (95% CI 3.1–4.5) overall and 3.3 (95% CI 2.8–4.0) after excluding the high-contact sports of football, ice hockey, and wrestling. For COE, mountain biking had the highest incident rate (7.5/1000), which was significantly lower than game injury rates in NCAA football and soccer. The most common injuries for both NCAA and COE were soft-tissue injuries such as sprains and strains. Conclusion Outdoor education at this university-sponsored program was at least as safe as traditional college sports. Overall, college students were less likely to be injured while participating in COE courses than while participating in NCAA sports, even after excluding high-contact sports from the comparison.
Galvanostatic Pulse Plating of Cu-Al Alloy in a Room-Temperature Chloroaluminate Molten Salt Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode Studies

The galvanostatic plating of Cu-Al alloy was examined at a platinum electrode in solutions of Cu + in the 60.0-40.0 mol % aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride room-temperature molten salt at 28°C using periodic-current plating techniques. The plating techniques that were investigated include pulse current, superimposed-pulse current, and reverse-pulse current. The composition of the clectrodeposited alloy was determined by using rotating ring-disk anodic linear sweep voltammetry. The electrodeposition of Cu-Al is complicated by the instability of the alloy in solutions containing Cu + . If alloy clectrodeposits are removed from cathodic protection while immersed in the plating bath, a condition that occurs during the pulse plating off-time, f off , Cu + in the plating solution oxidizes Al from the electrodeposits. The rate of this displacement reaction is greatest for small values of t off but decreases as t off becomes longer, suggesting that a copper-rich layer forms on the electrode-posits that blocks the displacement reaction. The displacement reaction can be minimized by lowering the Cu + concentration at the electrode surface through the application of a superimposed current during t off whose magnitude is comparable to that of the limiting current for Cu + .
Carbon Nanotube Memory by the Self-Assembly of Silicon Nanocrystals as Charge Storage Nodes

A memory structure based on self-aligned silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) grown over Al(2)O(3)-covered parallel-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by gas source molecular beam epitaxy is reported. Electrostatic force microscopy characterizations directly prove the charging and discharging of discrete NCs through the Al(2)O(3) layer covering the CNTs. A CNT field effect transistor based on the NC/CNT structure is fabricated and characterized, demonstrating evident memory characteristics. Direct tunneling and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling phenomena are observed at different programming/erasing voltages. Retention is demonstrated to be on the order of 10(4) s. Although there is still plenty of room to enhance the performance, the results suggest that CNT-based NC memory with diminutive CNTs and NCs could be an alternative structure to replace traditional floating gate memory.
Biosimilar Safety Considerations in Clinical Practice

Biologics are important treatments for a number of cancers. Patents for several biologics will expire over the next decade, removing a barrier to the development and commercialization of biosimilars. As biologics differ from small-molecule drugs due to their size and complexity, multifaceted manufacturing process, and their potential for immunogenicity, biosimilars cannot be considered "generic versions" of currently approved biologics. In highly regulated markets, biosimilars can be authorized only if they are demonstrated to be highly similar to the original drug from an analytical and clinical perspective. Any differences must be justified and shown to have no clinically meaningful effect on the safety and efficacy of the biosimilar. The European Medicines Agency has approved a number of biosimilars and the recent approval of the biosimilar infliximab monoclonal antibody is another regulatory milestone. This article will provide context regarding key safety issues addressed in biosimilar development, approval, and delivery, as well as inform oncologists on matters of safety to consider when prescribing biosimilars. Pertinent issues about safety from countries or regions where biosimilars are currently in use also will be reviewed.
Interview with Romano Prodi

The second part of 2015 Pulitzer Prize winning author David I. Kertzer's interview with the Italian political leader Romano Prodi covers the period from the fall of Prodi's first government in 1998. Starting with the causes of the 1998 crisis, the discussion follows Prodi's subsequent career as President of the European Commission (1999–2004), the introduction of the Euro, the expansion of the EU, and the attempts to introduce a new European constitution, before moving to the second Prodi government (2006–08). Describing his subsequent role as UN Special Envoy for the Sahel and his candidacy in the 2013 Italian presidential elections, Italy's former Prime Minister reflects more widely on the current state of European and Italian politics.
Identification of DNA probes that reveal polymorphisms among closely related Phaseolus vulgaris lines

Analyses of genetic diversity within populations could be of great benefit to plant genetic resources conservation. In order to identify genetic markers that are variable within populations, the genome of Phaseolus vulgaris was screened with several DNA sequences in order to identify hypervariable sequences. Polymorphisms were observed between Middle American and Andean cultivars using the protein III tandem repeat of the M13 phase and the 33.15 human minisatellite. Extensive differences were observed when the DNA of two divergent lines—BAT93 and Jalo EEP558, of Middle American and Andean origin, respectively—were digested with HinfI, TaqI, HaeIII and hybridized with the 33.15 human minisatellite. Similarly, numerous polymorphisms were observed when the M13 protein III tandem repeat region was hybridized with TaqI digests of these cultivars. Polymorphism was also detected among sister lines of two F6 backcross materials involving Middle American and Andean lines when genomic DNA was digested with TaqI and hybridized with M13 tandem repeat region. In addition, polymorphism was observed among Porrillo cultivars that resulted from selection within a single landrace population. Whereas only one isozyme difference had been observed previously among the Porrillo cultivars, eleven restriction fragments detected by the M13 protein III tandem repeat sequence differentiated these cultivars. Ribosomal DNA also hybridized to several polymorphic bands on TaqI and EcoRI genomic Southern blots of the F6 backcross material. Only one polymorphism was observed with EcoRI-digested genomic DNA of BAT93 and Jalo EEP558 was hybridized with microsatellite (GACA)4. This probe might be useful in ascertaining relationships at the species and subspecies level, and as a marker in mapping studies. Our results show that both the human 33.15 minisatellite and M13 should be useful probes to detect within-population variability in common bean.
Cleft Lip and Palate in a Patient with 5q35.2-q35.3 Microdeletion: The Importance of Chromosomal Microarray Testing in the Craniofacial Clinic

We report on a 3½-year-old African American female with a 1.63 Mb microdeletion in 5q35.2-q35.3. This deletion includes NSD1, the gene that causes Sotos syndrome. The patient has unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) status postrepair, an unrepaired alveolar cleft, speech delay, global developmental delay, macrocephaly, mild cerebral palsy, and a patent ductus arteriosus status postrepair. Dysmorphic features include a prominent forehead and midface hypoplasia. This is one of the first cases of CLP associated with Sotos syndrome and emphasizes the utility of chromosomal microarray analysis in patients with more than isolated CLP in the Craniofacial Clinic.
Parameterized optimal trajectory generation for target localization

This paper presents an approach to near-optimal target localization for small and micro uninhabited aerial vehicles using a family of pre-computed parameterized trajectories. These trajectories are pre-computed for a set of nominal target locations uniformly distributed over the sensor field of view and stored o-line. Upon target detection the vehicle chooses the trajectory corresponding to the closest nominal target location. Adaptation is enabled with the ability to select new trajectories as the target state estimate is updated. Simulation results show the validity of this approach for both single target and sequential target localization missions. Further, results show that very coarse trajectory tables give the same or better target localization performance as finely discretized tables.
Simulations of Ductile Fracture in an Idealized Ship Grounding Scenario Using Phenomenological Damage and Cohesive Zone Models

Abstract Two complementary simulation methodologies for ductile fracture in large sheet metal components are presented and evaluated in this paper. The first approach is based on the phenomenological dilatational plasticity-damage model developed by Woelke and Abboud [46] , which accounts for pressure-dependent volumetric damage growth through a scalar damage variable. The damage function represents phenomenologically micromechanical changes the material undergoes during the process of necking. Secondly, the cohesive zone model with an opening mode traction–separation law is employed to simulate the same ductile fracture problems accounting for significant variation of the multiaxial stress state along the crack path. Both methods are examined as to their capabilities to reproduce and predict the outcome of large-scale experimental fracture tests of welded and un-welded ductile plates subjected to large-scale penetration, simulating an idealized ship grounding. The results of the current study indicate that, with appropriate calibration, both approaches can be successfully employed to simulate ductile fracture in structural components under multiaxial stress. The advantages and shortcomings of each approach is discussed from the point of view of post-test numerical investigation as well as its predictive capabilities as an engineering tool.
Implementation Method for Business Objects in Software Stability Modeling

Software stability modeling is a promising software development methodology to build stable software. However, the implementation of the SSM in the software development is still a big challenge for the developers. There are many implementation issues need to be addressed. For example, different notation systems were introduced to describe stability models; there are few connections between the stability model and the final code. The methodology didn't tell people how to implement a stable model in a given programming language without losing its stability. This paper proposes an implementation method for business object of SSM and demonstrates how the method can help us to explain SSM concept more precisely, so that the SSM can be applied and implemented by the software developers more easily in the real application developments.
Linear Quadratic Gaussian-Alpha Control with Relative Stability and Gain Parameter for the Structural Benchmark Problems

This paper introduces a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG)-α control with adjustable relative stability and gain parameter for the benchmark problems. The considered control algorithm is one active control methodology. It provides a various relative stability and introduces a gain parameter via a LQG design. The relative stability not only controls a guaranteed settling time for the system but also increases the controlled system robustness. The paper focuses on both wind- and earthquake-excited benchmark problems of the third generation. The simulation of this LQG-α control to these benchmark problems is provided. An additional simulation of the proposed control to a largely perturbed wind-excited benchmark problem is also provided. The control results, with respect to the evaluation criteria following the benchmark problems, are included for further comparison.
Effect of speech task on intelligibility in dysarthria: a case study of Parkinson's disease.

This study assessed intelligibility in a dysarthric patient with Parkinson's disease (PD) across five speech production tasks: spontaneous speech, repetition, reading, repeated singing, and spontaneous singing, using the same phrases for all but spontaneous singing. The results show that this speaker was significantly less intelligible when speaking spontaneously than in the other tasks. Acoustic analysis suggested that relative intensity and word duration were not independently linked to intelligibility, but dysfluencies (from perceptual analysis) and articulatory/resonance patterns (from acoustic records) were related to intelligibility in predictable ways. These data indicate that speech production task may be an important variable to consider during the evaluation of dysarthria. As speech production efficiency was found to vary with task in a patient with Parkinson's disease, these results can be related to recent models of basal ganglia function in motor performance.
On exactly marginal deformations dual to B-field moduli of IIB theory on SE5

The complex dimension of the space of exactly marginal deformations for quiver CFTs dual to IIB theory compactified on Y p,q is known to be generically three. Simple general formulas already exist for two of the exactly marginal directions in the space of couplings, one of which corresponds to the sum of the (inverse squared of) gauge couplings, and the other to the β-deformation. Here we identify the third exactly marginal direction, ∫ which is dual to the modulus $$ {\displaystyle {\int}_{2\hbox{-} \mathrm{cycle}}{B}_2} $$ on the gravity side. This identification leads to a relation between the field theory gauge couplings and the vacuum expectation value of the gravity modulus that we further support by a computation related to the chiral anomaly induced by added fractional branes. We also present a simple algorithm for finding similar exactly marginal directions in any CFT described by brane tiling, and demonstrate it for the quiver CFTs dual to IIB theory compactified on L 1,5,2 and the Suspended Pinch Point.
SLAMM - Automating Memory Analysis for Numerical Algorithms

Memory efficiency is overtaking the number of floating-point operations as a performance determinant for numerical algorithms. Integrating memory efficiency into an algorithm from the start is made easier by computational tools that can quantify its memory traffic. The Sparse Linear Algebra Memory Model (SLAMM) is implemented by a source-to-source translator that accepts a MATLAB specification of an algorithm and adds code to predict memory traffic. Our tests on numerous small kernels and complete implementations of algorithms for solving sparse linear systems show that SLAMM accurately predicts the amount of data loaded from the memory hierarchy to the L1 cache to within 20% error on three different compute platforms. SLAMM allows us to evaluate the memory efficiency of particular choices rapidly during the design phase of an iterative algorithm, and it provides an automated mechanism for tuning exisiting implementations. It reduces the time to perform a priori memory analysis from as long as several days to 20 minutes.
Real-time motion supression in TOF range images

Object movement influences distance reliability of 3D TOF cameras and thus affects subsequent processing task in a negative way. This paper proposed a simple motion suppression method for objects moving on a conveyor belt, which can be easily implemented into a FPGA. Due to the hardware implementation real-time performance is guaranteed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is working effectively.
Effect of Intrahepatic Glucose Infusions on Feeding in Heavy and Light Breed Chicks

Abstract Although food intake regulation by the central nervous system in the fowl has received considerable attention, studies examining peripheral regulatory mechanisms are relatively few. The objective of these experiments was to determine the role of the liver in short-term regulation of feeding. Small volumes of isotonic glucose were infused into the hepatic circulation of undistrubed, unrestrained Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) and Rock-Cornish (RC) cockerels under both free-feeding and mildly-fasted conditions. Glucose infusions significantly decreased the food intake of free-feeding SCWL chicks but had no effect on mildly-fasted SCWL chicks. The RC chicks, whether free feeding or mildly fasted, were not influenced by the glucose infusions. These findings suggest that selection for increased growth rate has affected peripheral appetite regulatory mechanisms.
Compassionate allowance for people with schizophrenia

Disability is common in schizophrenia, perhaps ubiquitous. Affecting roughly 1% of the population, with onset in adolescence or early adulthood, schizophrenia leads to cognitive and functional impairment during the critically productive phases of life. As a result, many people with schizophrenia become chronically disabled and eventually receive disability benefits from the Social Security Administration. In the current configuration of US health services, health insurance coverage is often closely linked to a determination of disability and in many individuals being determined to be disabled (by the SSA or the VA) is the only way that health insurance coverage can be guaranteed. One of the features of schizophrenia is a deficit in cognitive function, including problems with executive function tasks such as planning or responding to complex demands. As a result, the illness often precludes or significantly delays application for disability benefits, with attendant personal and societal cost. It is well known that access to treatment early in the course of illness leads to a better outcome. Thus, a delay in benefits and/or health care can begin a tragic cycle of events that include untreated psychosis, homelessness, and repeat hospitalization. In August 2007, the leadership of the Social Security Administration (SSA) approached the National Institutes of Health (NIH)with a request for assistance in improving SSA's procedures for processing applications to SSA's disability insurance programs (Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income). In particular, SSA described new procedures for “compassionate allowances,...a new method of triaging disability claims for decision. (SSA's) hope is that...the process for identifying compassionate allowances will help SSA to identify manymore individuals who should be allowed quickly and efficiently.” Compassionate allowance means, quite simply, that the definitive diagnosis of a condition, generally without additional exacerbating features, qualifies an applicant for disability benefits. Obvious compassionate
Reduction of Actuation Loads in a Self-Deploying SMA-Based Slat-Cove Filler for a Transport Aircraft

During low speed maneuvers such as approach and landing, a significant component of the total environmental noise produced by a typical transport aircraft is associated with flow over the airframe, termed airframe noise. A key contributor to airframe noise is the leading-edge-slat, a high-lift device. Previous work showed that a slat-cove filler (SCF) may be effective at reducing the slat noise and optimal designs for an SMA-based SCF have been determined, considering stow/deploy and aerodynamic loads as well as other constraints for two realistic airframe configurations such that actuation force was minimized as the design objective. The objective of this current work is to further reduce the actuation force required to retract the SCF by an auxiliary method. The methods considered for force reduction are 1) utilization of structural instabilities in the SCF, 2) addition of auxiliary SMA actuators, and 3) replacement of selected metallic regions of the SCF with more compliant polymer-based alternatives. These methods are investigated using finite element analysis (FEA) models based on a physical bench-top model developed previously. The FEA models are also capable of modeling contact, complex load cases, and they benefit from the use of a custom user subroutine that captures the pseudoelastic response of SMA materials. For each of the three force reduction concepts considered, design optimizations are conducted using open source optimization codes and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. An overall best design is proposed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract 414: In Hyperalphalipoproteinemic Subjects, the Presence of Coronary Artery Disease is Associated With Marked Changes in the High-Density Lipoprotein Phosphosphingolipidome

Plasma concentrations of HDL-C have long been shown to correlate inversely with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), however the causal nature of this association has not been established. Here we examine the chemical composition and phosphoshingolipidome of HDL in a cohort of subjects with premature CAD, despite having HDL levels ≥90th percentile. We hypothesized that HDL from hyperalphalipoproteinemic subjects with CAD would have distinct compositional changes compared to healthy hyperalphalipoproteinemic subjects, which may relate a reduction in HDL functionality and a pro-atherogenic state. Subjects with HDL ≥90th percentile and CAD (HHDL+CAD, n=25) were compared to healthy subjects with HDL ≥90th percentile (HHDL, n=23). A group of healthy controls with HDL between the 25th and 75th percentile (n=11) was used as reference. HDL subfractions were isolated from EDTA plasma using isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation and their chemical composition was assayed using commercial enzymatic assay kits. Quantification of >160 molecular species of total HDL phospho- and sphingolipids was accomplished via a novel method using LC-ESI/MS/MS analysis. The most striking differences were observed in total HDL phospho- and sphingolipid subclasses between groups. When expressed as a percentage of total phosphosphingolipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were depleted in HHDL+CAD group compared to HHDL, while sphingomyelin (SM) was increased, resulting in a lower PC/SM ratio. The HDL PC/SM ratio has previously been shown to correlate with HDL surface fluidity and antioxidative activity. Additionally, enrichment of PI, a minor, negatively charged phospholipid, has been shown to stimulate cholesterol efflux to reconstituted HDL. Reduction in these two metrics, observed in the HHDL+CAD group, may indicate functionally deficient HDL and may represent pro-atherogenic, HDL-associated biomarkers of CAD in hyperalphalipoproteinemia.
Technological Advances in Psychiatric Nursing: An update

Understanding and treating mental illness has improved in many ways as a result of the fast pace of technological advances. The technologies that have the greatest potential impact are those that (1) increase the knowledge of how the brain functions and changes based on interventions, (2) have the potential to personalize interventions based on understanding genetic factors of drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics, and (3) use information technology to provide treatment in the absence of an adequate mental health workforce. Technologies are explored for psychiatric nurses to consider. Psychiatric nurses are encouraged to consider the experiences of psychiatric patients, including poor health, stigmatization, and suffering.
THE GENETICS AND CULTIVATION OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS

Pleurotus ostrcatus has been shown to have a tetrapolar mating system with multiple factors at both the A and B series. Interstock dikaryons produced an average yield of 716.1 g of oyster mushrooms...
Prologue to the Marshall Flan: The Origins of the American Commitment for a European Recovery Program

JUST over thirty-one years ago, on June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall suggested that the United States was prepared to consider a greatly increased program of economic assistance for European recovery. Speaking after commencement exercises at Harvard College, Marshall sketched a grim picture of Europe's plight: internal economies still suffered grave dislocations; interrupted prewar trade patterns had not been renewed; and European nations were unable to find the means to pay for the importation of food and other necessary commodities. The "remedy," as Marshall saw it, was to break the "vicious circle" of decline and restore "the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole." To aid this process the United States would do what it could "to assist in the return of normal economic health" with a program designed to "provide a cure rather than a mere palliative." Marshall stressed, however, that any initiative for a European recovery program must come from the Europeans themselves. They would have to take the lead in the development of a comprehensive plan for their own assistance. 1 Marshall's approach to the nations of Europe has had its share of interpreters. It has been described variously as a symbol of American generosity and humanitarianism, as a central event in the developing cold war between the United States and the Soviet
How (not) to train your spider: successful and unsuccessful methods for studying learning

Spiders are capable of learning in many different contexts, including prey capture, social interactions and predator avoidance. In recent years, there has been an upturn in the number of published studies of learning in spiders, with a particular interest in active hunters that do not build prey-capture webs. However, as is often the case when developing protocols for studying learning in a new taxonomic group, many researchers have tested methods that failed to produce interpretable results. These methods largely remain unpublished, although knowing what has already been attempted would be of great benefit to the community of researchers that work on arthropod learning. Here, we briefly review published methods that have been successful in demonstrating learning in actively hunting spiders, as well as report on unpublished, unsuccessful methods that we collected from the research community.
The impact of stroke on world leaders.

Purpose Earlier studies by our unit documented frequent disability in world leaders resulting from stroke but did not quantify the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents. We sought to identify the frequency and impact of strokes in world leaders. Methods Using various sources, we identified world leaders who had sustained strokes while in office from 1970 to 1999 and tabulated information on symptoms and subsequent ability to lead. Results Twenty leaders were identified who had sustained strokes during the study period, for an incidence of 0.444 strokes/100 leaders/year. Half of the affected leaders lost their political power within the year; most had persistent disabilities, which included motor, speech, cognitive, and emotional deficits. Conclusion Strokes in world leaders may be slightly less common than expected based on studies of Western populations of similar age, but they are often devastating to a political career. Nonetheless, loss of political power is not inevitable.
Organ preservation in multimodality therapy of head and neck cancer.

Induction chemotherapy has been studied in numerous trials for patients with advanced head and neck cancer and has proved to be feasible and tolerable. Recently, patients have been treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy for organ preservation in both uncontrolled and randomized trials. Although survival has not been improved, there is early evidence that organ preservation may be possible for selected sites and stages of head and neck cancer. Studies for preservation of the larynx have been particularly promising.
First sound in holographic superuids at zero temperature

Within the context of AdS/CFT, the gravity dual of an s-wave superfluid is given by scalar QED on an asymptotically AdS spacetime. While this conclusion is vastly supported by numerical arguments, here we provide an analytical proof that this is indeed the case. Working at zero temperature, we explicitly find the quadratic action for the superfluid phonon at the boundary in an arbitrary number of dimensions and for an arbitrary scalar field potential, recovering the known dispersion relation for conformal first sound.
A positive relationship between nature appreciation, emotional functioning, and perception of work value:

Previous research has noted potential emotional benefits of being in nature. This study examined whether nature appreciation is also positively related to perception of work-value. Frequency of nature appreciation and a number of variables related to emotion, well-being, and perceived work value were analyzed using hierarchical regression techniques with a publicly available data set, consisting of a large sample of middle-aged and older adults. Nature appreciation was significantly associated with certain emotional outcomes including increased positive affect, well-being, as well as reduced perceived stress. Nature was also associated with increased epinephrine, implying a complex relationship between nature and emotion regulation. Nature offers numerous benefits for individuals across the spectrum of psychological functioning. The findings are relevant for psychologists in promoting the well being of workers.
Parkinsonian Balance Deficits Quantified Using a Game Industry Board and a Specific Battery of Four Paradigms

This study describes a cost-effective screening protocol for parkinsonism based on combined objective and subjective monitoring of balance function. Objective evaluation of balance function was performed using a game industry balance board and an automated analyses of the dynamic of the center of pressure in time, frequency, and non-linear domains collected during short series of stand up tests with different modalities and severity of sensorial deprivation. The subjective measurement of balance function was performed using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire. Principal component analyses on both objective and subjective measurements of balance function allowed to obtained a specificity and selectivity for parkinsonian patients (vs. healthy subjects) of 0.67 and 0.71 respectively. The findings are discussed regarding the relevance of cost-effective balance-based screening system as strategy to meet the needs of broader and earlier screening for parkinsonism in communities with limited access to healthcare.
Effects of a Bilingual Context on Memory Performance

Abstract In this chapter, we explore when bilingual presentation of material hurts, helps, or has no effect on memory performance. To date, considerable data have suggested that bilingual subjects often show poorer performance on various tasks such as free recall, recognition, object, word, or digit naming, especially if the tasks involve bilingual presentation or material (e.g., Magiste, 1079). In such studies, bilingual subjects are slower and sometimes also less accurate. There are, however, also studies mat show no differences between performance in bilingual and monolingual contexts (e.g., Kolers, 1966) as well as studies mat show an advantage in favor of bilingual contexts (e.g., Peynircioglu & Tekcan, in press). We first review the literature on when a bilingual context hurts, helps, or has no effect on memory performance and look at the various theoretical accounts that have followed such results. We then report two new studies looking at some of the conditions under which bilingual presentation hurts, nelps, or has no effect on memory. In the first experiment, we show mat bilingual subjects have a larger memory span if words are presented in two different languages than if they are presented in a single language, but only if the words in the mixed-language condition are blocked by language (e.g., house, lake, green, nube, mundo, chico for Spanish-English bilinguals) and not if they alternate (house, nube, lake, mundo, green, chico). In the second experiment, we show that performance on a word-fragment completion task can be enhanced by studying the target word's translation; however, neither the type of orienting task engaged in during the study phase (conceptual or perceptual) nor the similarities between the characteristics of the study language (Spanish or Chinese) and the test language (English) influence word-fragment completion performance.
Reprogrammed Human Endothelial Cells: A Novel Cell Source for Regenerative Vascular Medicine.

Nothing in nature is more elegant than the transformation of fertilized oocyte into a unique and complex individual containing some 10 trillion cells with more than 200 specialized functions. Also astonishing, however, is that a cell’s career decision is not necessarily permanent, but can be reversed. Committed specialized somatic cells can, in effect, go back and start again from scratch. The generation of induced pluripotent cells, reported first by Takahashi and Yamanaka1 and now generated routinely in laboratories all over the world clearly demonstrates that differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a cell of desired phenotype. This concept of transcription factor (TF)–based alterations in a cell’s identity was further demonstrated by several reports attempting direct reprogramming of a differentiated somatic cells into another differentiated somatic cell without the need for pushing the reprogrammed cell to a pluripotent state, a method now known as “direct reprogramming.”2,3 In this issue of Circulation Research , Lee et al4 report their success in reprogramming human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) into functional and mature endothelial cells (ECs) using a single EC TF ER71/ETV2 (E-26 variant 2). This approach opens a novel era in translational cardiovascular medicine by increasing the availability of autologous ECs to be used in cell-based vascular regenerative therapy. Article, see p 848 Derivation of engraftable human ECs could be beneficial to patients with vascular diseases. However, purification and expansion of adult ECs in therapeutically large numbers is technically challenging. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent cells serve as promising alternatives for ECs generation and potentially provide great therapeutic potential; however, several problems limit the clinical applications of derivative cells, including inefficient cell production, long duration of cell culture, and tumorigenic potential.5 Recently, the ability to directly reprogram accessible human cells into disease-relevant cell types through cellular …
Polyuria in a Patient with Aspergillus Infection

For most ASN Kidney Week attendees, case-based clinical nephrology talks are one of the most exciting venues. The Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire (NQQ) is the essence of clinical nephrology and represents what drew all of us into the field of nephrology. This year's NQQ in surprisingly temperate
L’enclave ethnique : réflexions théoriques et études de cas

Ce texte a cherche a mettre en relief les differences systematiques qui existent entre differents modes d’entree et d’integration des groupes immigrants. Cette perspective qui s’articule autour de la question des modes d’integration structuraux, notamment la notion d’enclave ethnique se situe donc en opposition a deux perspectives generalement acceptees : l’une axee sur les modes d’assimilation et l’autre sur la stratification du marche du travail.A ce titre, le texte marque un progres par rapport aux descriptions plus generales du processus d’adaptation. La typologie presentee, ici, reste cependant provisoire. De la meme facon que des recherches sur les situations particulieres de certains groupes ethniques ont permis de modifier, voire remplacer, les hypotheses plus generales existantes, on peut s’attendre a ce que les idees presentees, ici, fassent l’objet de revisions ulterieures. De nouveaux groupes d’immigrants sont en train de changer la composition de l’immigration aux Etats-Unis. Dans ce contexte, le regain d’interet au sujet de l’immigration, ne manquera pas de stimuler de nouvelles etudes empiriques et de nouvelles hypotheses de recherche.
Abstract 18279: Clinical Utility of hsCRP Testing at a University Based Hospital

Introduction: C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase protein produced by hepatocytes, can be elevated in inflammatory and infectious states. Low level CRP elevation as detected by high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) assays has been extensively studied in risk stratification in both cardiovascular primary prevention and active disease states. The current 2013 AHA guidelines on cardiovascular risk assessment do not recommend routine testing of hsCRP in primary prevention. It is suggested in specific patients as a supplement to traditional risk assessment. We aim to investigate the clinical utility of hsCRP testing at our center after its introduction as an in-house test. Methods: All hsCRP tests ordered at our center between June 1st, 2014 and August 31st, 2015 were retrospectively identified. Data about the encounter information, provider details and the specific indications for each test was extracted by careful review of the electronic medical records. Results: A total of 475 hsCRP tests were ordered at our center during the study period. We excluded 4 tests from analysis due to missing data. Of the remaining 471, 75 tests (15.92%) were ordered in emergency setting, 113 tests (23.99%) in inpatient setting and 283 tests (60.08%) in outpatient setting. Nurse practitioners ordered 68 tests (14.44%), attending physicians ordered 169 tests (35.67%) and residents/fellows ordered 234 tests (49.68%). Only 2 tests (0.43%) were ordered for primary prevention of CAD while the remaining 469 were ordered for detection and/or quantification of inflammation (392 tests, 83.22%) and infection (77 tests, 16.34%). Conclusions: Although hsCRP was commonly tested at our center, its utilization for cardiovascular primary prevention was limited. Most of the testing was ordered for infection and inflammation suggesting that our providers could not differentiate hsCRP assay from the quantitative CRP assay. Although the results of our study are limited to a single center, we suspect that a substantial knowledge deficit exists in the applicability of hsCRP testing among the provider community. We believe that appropriate educational interventions and better designing of computerized order entry systems (CPOE) will overcome this deficit and optimize the utility of hsCRP testing.
The political ecology of hazard vulnerability: marginalization, facilitation and the production of differential risk to urban wildfires in Arizona's White Mountains

The concept of marginalization, which is central to studies in political ecology, can be strengthened by incorporating a focus on the mutually constitutive concept of facilitation. Facilitation connotes how privileged groups are provided institutional forms of security in their pursuit of private gain, contributing to deleterious social and ecological outcomes. This paper builds on the concept of marginalization by outlining its application in previous studies. Next, it demonstrates how a dual focus on marginalization and facilitation can help strengthen understanding of the political ecology of risks, hazards and, disasters based on the case of urban wildfire hazards in Arizona's White Mountains. It concludes by discussing implications for understandings of differential risk and hazard vulnerability. In a world where privileged people are increasingly harnessing resources of state and market institutions to externalize risks and capitalize on environmental opportunities, facilitation offers a conceptual complement to marginalization and broadens the political ecology frame. Keywords: hazard, vulnerability, risk, marginalization, fire, forest, landscape, Arizona
Crystal Structure Prediction via Deep Learning

We demonstrate the application of deep neural networks as a machine-learning tool for the analysis of a large collection of crystallographic data contained in the crystal structure repositories. Using input data in the form of multiperspective atomic fingerprints, which describe coordination topology around unique crystallographic sites, we show that the neural-network model can be trained to effectively distinguish chemical elements based on the topology of their crystallographic environment. The model also identifies structurally similar atomic sites in the entire data set of ∼50000 crystal structures, essentially uncovering trends that reflect the periodic table of elements. The trained model was used to analyze templates derived from the known crystal structures in order to predict the likelihood of forming new compounds that could be generated by placing elements into these structural templates in a combinatorial fashion. Statistical analysis of predictive performance of the neural-network model, whi...
Values impacting the design of an adaptive educational storybook

We present an adaptive educational narrative that combines an interactive storybook with drama management. By understanding our underlying value system, we are able to create an adaptive narrative that provides features adequate for the target context. Our value system and design needs invite a reexamination and reapplication of interactive storytelling systems, and results in an adaptive narrative framework that is both feasible and extensible to a wide range of experiences.
Metabolism of chlorpyrifos-14-C in the Eastern subterranean termite.

Termites treated topically with chlorpyrifos-C readily absorbed the material and metabolized it to chlorpyrifos oxygen analog. There also was evidence for some dechlorination of chlorpyrifos to 3-dechlorochlorpyrifos. Subsequent metabolism of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos oxygen analog to water-soluble metabolites proceeded slowly. The efficacy of chlorpyrifos as a termitxcide is obviously related to the rapid formation and relatively slow degradation of the toxic chlorpyrifos oxygen analog in the eastern subterranean termite.