cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Front-line ordering clinicians: matching workforce to workload.

BACKGROUND Matching workforce to workload is particularly important in healthcare delivery, where an excess of workload for the available workforce may negatively impact processes and outcomes of patient care and resident learning. Hospitals currently lack a means to measure and match dynamic workload and workforce factors. OBJECTIVES This article describes our work to develop and obtain consensus for use of an objective tool to dynamically match the front-line ordering clinician (FLOC) workforce to clinical workload in a variety of inpatient settings. METHODS We undertook development of a tool to represent hospital workload and workforce based on literature reviews, discussions with clinical leadership, and repeated validation sessions. We met with physicians and nurses from every clinical care area of our large, urban children's hospital at least twice. RESULTS We successfully created a tool in a matrix format that is objective and flexible and can be applied to a variety of settings. We presented the tool in 14 hospital divisions and received widespread acceptance among physician, nursing, and administrative leadership. The hospital uses the tool to identify gaps in FLOC coverage and guide staffing decisions. DISCUSSION Hospitals can better match workload to workforce if they can define and measure these elements. The Care Model Matrix is a flexible, objective tool that quantifies the multidimensional aspects of workload and workforce. The tool, which uses multiple variables that are easily modifiable, can be adapted to a variety of settings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:457–462. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Recent advances in cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix proteins: potential clinical implications

The roles of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix proteins (ECMs) in various pathological processes leading to both acute and chronic disease states have recently been documented. The authors report on the development of various therapeutic and diagnostic candidates based on the key role of CAMs in a range of diseases, and discuss the structure-function aspects of cell adhesion and signaling of the different CAMs/ECMs.
Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph Optical Modeling

The Terrestrial Planet Finder Coronagraph will rely heavily on modeling and analysis throughout its mission lifecycle. Optical modeling is especially important, since the tolerances on the optics as well as scattered light suppression are critical for the mission's success. The high contrast imaging necessary to observe a planet orbiting a distant star requires new and innovative technologies to be developed and tested, and detailed optical modeling provides predictions for evaluating design decisions. It also provides a means to develop and test algorithms designed to actively suppress scattered light via deformable mirrors and other techniques. The optical models are used in conjunction with structural and thermal models to create fully integrated optical/structural/thermal models that are used to evaluate dynamic effects of disturbances on the overall performance of the coronagraph. The optical models we have developed have been verified on the High Contrast Imaging Testbed. Results of the optical modeling verification and the methods used to perform full three-dimensional near-field diffraction analysis are presented.
PDA (Prolonged Depolarizing Afterpotential) - Defective Mutants: The Story of nina's and ina's—pinta and santa maria, Too

Our objective is to present a comprehensive view of the PDA (prolonged depolarizing afterpotential)-defective Drosophila mutants, nina's and ina's, from the discussion of the PDA and the PDA-based mutant screening strategy to summaries of the knowledge gained through the studies of mutants generated using the strategy. The PDA is a component of the light-evoked photoreceptor potential that is generated when a substantial fraction of rhodopsin is photoconverted to its active form, metarhodopsin. The PDA-based mutant screening strategy was adopted to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of ERG (electroretinogram)-based screening for identifying phototransduction-defective mutants. Using this strategy, two classes of PDA-defective mutants were identified and isolated, nina and ina, each comprising multiple complementation groups. The nina mutants are characterized by allele-dependent reduction in the major rhodopsin, Rh1, whereas the ina mutants display defects in some aspects of functions related to the transduction channel, TRP (transient receptor potential). The signaling proteins that have been identified and elucidated through the studies of nina mutants include the Drosophila opsin protein (NINAE), the chaperone protein for nascent opsin (NINAA), and the multifunctional protein, NINAC, required in multiple steps of the Drosophila phototransduction cascade. Also identified by the nina mutants are some of the key enzymes involved in the biogenesis of the rhodopsin chromophore. As for the ina mutants, they led to the discovery of the scaffold protein, INAD, responsible for the nucleation of the supramolecular signaling complex. Also identified by the ina mutants is one of the key members of the signaling complex, INAC (ePKC), and two other proteins that are likely to be important, though their roles in the signaling cascade have not yet been fully elucidated. In most of these cases, the protein identified is the first member of its class to be so recognized.
Analysis of the cyclic voltammetric responses exhibited by electrodes modified with monolayers of catalysts in the absence and presence of substrates

Abstract The cyclic voltammetric responses to be expected from electrodes to which monolayers of redox catalysts are attached are calculated in the absence and presence of substrates for the catalyst. The consequences of interactions among the attached catalyst molecules and/or finite rates of the electrode reaction are treated explicitly. Relationships among peak currents, peak and half-peak potentials of the pure catalytic waves and the rate constant for the catalytic reaction are derived, from which the rate constant of the catalytic reaction can be evaluated. When the rate of the electrode reaction for the catalyst is high, the pure catalytic component of the observed voltammetric responses can be obtained by subtraction of the response from the catalyst in the absence of substrate from the observed response in the presence of substrate. However, this convenient property is lost as the rate constant of the electrode reaction decreases. A kinetic parameter was found empirically from which the experimental conditions required to allow the simple subtraction procedure to be used reliably even in the presence of slow electron transfer were established.
Thermodynamic modeling of the Palladium-lead system

A set of self-consistent, thermodynamic model parameters is presented to describe the phase equilibria of Palladium-Lead (Pd-Pb) and Palladium-Tin (Pd-Sn) systems. A sublattice model is used for thermodynamic modeling of the intermediate phases. The experimental data agree very well with the values calculated using the optimized model parameters. Several isothermal and vertical sections of the ternary system, relevant to microelectronic soldering applications, are calculated. Several experiments are proposed, the data from which will be extremely helpful in refining the thermodynamic model parameters.
The optic nerve of the Mallard duck: Fiber‐diameter frequency distribution and physiological properties

A correlative study of the anatomy and physiology of the axons of the optic nerve of the Mallard duck was carried out. The principal findings were: (1) Electronmicroscopy used in conjunction with phase contrast microscopy showed the nerve to have a fiber spectrum ranging from 0.3 μ to 6.0 μ with a mode at 1.15 μ. (2) No unmyelinated axons were found. (3) The cross-sectional area of the nerve was estimated to be 4.38 mm2; assuming a mean fiber density of 350,000 fibers/mm2, the total number of axons in the nerve was estimated to be about 1,500,000. (4) The conduction velocities of the fibers were found to range from 21 m/sec to about 3 m/sec. (5) Different recovery cycles were found for each of the different compound action potentials. (6) Using a graphical method, a good correlation could be established between the fiber-size spectrum and the configuration of the compound action potential.
A Last-Minute Rescue of Trapped Chromatin

Chromosome segregation and cytokinesis must be tightly coordinated to ensure that chromosomes are accurately partitioned between dividing cells. In this issue, Steigemann et al. (2009) report that Aurora B kinase promotes proper chromosome segregation by delaying abscission when chromatin is trapped between dividing cells.
Preoperative duplex venous imaging in the assessment of patients with venous access

Occult or clinically apparent central venous thrombosis frequently complicates central venous catheter placemnt in patients requiring long-term vascular access. Thirty-three patients, aged 12-83 years, underwent duplex scanning of the internal jugular, axillary, and brachial veins prior to placement of long-term venous access catheters. Twenty-seven patients underwent duplex scanning because of a prior history of either long-term or short-term central venous access. Of 12 patients with a history of long-term central venous access, without complications, 42% (5/12) had an abnormal duplex scan demonstrating thrombosis. Duplex scans on 15 patents having complications associated with central venous access demonstrated thrombosis of one or more of the central veins, 46% (7/15). Five patients who underwent duplex scanning without a history of a previous central venous catheter or other indication were found to have normal normal central veins. In 13 patients found to have thrombosis or obstruction by duplex scan, the surgeon was directed to successful venous access in all cases. Normal findings were very helpful in confirming that the venous system was normal in selected patients. In approximately 40% of patients with a history of venous access, catheters were found to have evidence of thrombosis of one or more of the central veins. In 13 patients found to have thrombosis or obstruction by duplex scan, the surgeon was directed to a successful site for venous access in all cases. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Large hemangiopericytoma associated with arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulae.

Background Hemangiopericytomas are rare vascular tumors of the central nervous system. Although hemangiopericytomas have been associated with other vascular malformations, there is no report of an intracranial hemangiopericytoma found in association with multiple arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulae. Case Description We present the case of an otherwise healthy 25-year-old woman who presented with a large hemangiopericytoma involving the superior sagittal sinus. The highly vascular nature of the lesion, the total occlusion of the sinus anterior to the tumor, and the presence of multiple arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulae complicated resection of this tumor. Conclusion To our knowledge, no prior report has described a tumor of this magnitude in association with multiple AVMs and dAVFs.
Nonmarital Childbearing, Union History, and Women's Health at Midlife

Despite high rates of nonmarital childbearing in the U.S., little is known about the health of women who have nonmarital births. We use data from the NLSY79 to examine differences in age 40 self-assessed health between women who had a premarital birth and those whose first birth occurred within marriage. We then differentiate women with a premarital first birth according to their subsequent union histories and estimate the effect of marrying or cohabiting versus remaining never-married on midlife self-assessed health, paying particular attention to the paternity status of the mother's partner and the stability of marital unions. To partially address selection bias, we employ multivariate propensity score techniques. Results suggest that premarital childbearing is negatively associated with midlife health for white and black (but not Hispanic) women. We find no evidence that these negative health consequences of nonmarital childbearing are mitigated by either marriage or cohabitation for black women. For other women, only enduring marriage to the biological father is associated with better health than remaining unpartnered.
Hierarchical Organization of Cortical Morphology of Decision-Making when Deconstructing Iowa Gambling Task Performance in Healthy Adults

The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a measure of decision-making, in which alternative metrics have greater construct validity than conventional metrics. No large scale study has examined the neural correlates in healthy adults. We administered the IGT and structural MRI to 124 healthy participants. We analyzed the conventional IGT metric of advantageous minus disadvantageous choices (i.e., decks C + D minus decks A + B), and three alternative metrics based on choices from decks D and A alone, and all selections from each deck. Using regression and voxel-based morphometry, we examined regional gray matter volumes as predictors of IGT performance. No neural correlates of the conventional metric emerged, and the neural correlates of individual deck selections were disparate from one another. Alternative metrics showed expected neural correlates of decision-making in prefrontal cortex, insula, thalamus, and other regions. IGT alternative metrics have neural correlates consistent with decision-making theory as those difference scores reduce heterogeneity in cognitive processes. The CD-AB metric construct failure may reflect an artificial amalgamation of processes. The D-A metric appears to more successfully combine multiple levels of representation (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, sub-cortical, cerebellar).
Ruthenium complexes with non-innocent ligands: Electron distribution and implications for catalysis

Abstract Ruthenium complexes with the non-innocent ligands (NILs) benzoquinone, iminobenzoquinone and benzoquinonediimine and their redox derivatives exhibit intriguing electronic properties. With the proper ligand set the NIL π* orbitals mix extensively with the ruthenium dπ orbitals resulting in delocalized electron distributions and non-integer oxidation states, and in most of these systems a particular ruthenium oxidation state dominates. This review critically examines the electronic structure of Ru–NIL systems from both an experimental and computational (DFT) perspective. The electron distribution within these complexes can be modulated by altering both the ancillary ligands and the NIL, and in a few cases the resultant electron distributions are exploited for catalysis. The Ru–NIL systems that perform alcohol oxidation and water oxidation catalysis are discussed in detail. The Tanaka catalyst, an anthracene-bridged dinuclear Ru complex, is an intriguing example of a Ru–NIL framework in catalysis. Unlike other known ruthenium water oxidation catalysts, the two Ru atoms remain low valent during the catalytic cycle according to DFT calculations, some experimental evidence, and predictions based on the behavior of the related mononuclear species.
Pteridine modulation of lead inhibition of uroporphyrinogen synthesis in erythroid precursor cells

The role of nutritional factors on heme synthesis and their influence on the development of anemia in the bone marrow during lead exposure is unclear. Previous reports suggested that pteridines could regulate the formation of uroporphyrinogen, a step midway along the heme synthetic pathway. Studies were undertaken to determine if pteridines could modulate lead inhibition of uroporphyrinogen synthesis in erythroid precursor cells. Pteroylpolyglutamates of various glutamate chain lengths were tested for the ability to protect against lead inhibition of uroporphyrinogen I (URO) synthase prepared from murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC). Pteroylpentaglutamate, the major endogenous polyglutamate form by chain length found to be present in MELC, afforded rapid and specific protection of URO synthase against lead inhibition. MELC are expected to be a useful in vitro model for studying the role of endogenous folates on uroporphyrinogen synthesis and heme formation in erythroid precursor cells following lead exposure.
(Pb, Bi)(Ti, Fe, Mn)O3/Polymer 0-3 composites for hydrophone applications

The hydrostatic piezoelectric response of composite materials incorporating (Pb1-xBix)(Ti1-xFex)O3 ceramic fillers from the highly anisotropic tetragonal region of the solid solution system in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary were measured and compared. The considerable difficulty in poling and, hence, the diminished piezoelectric response encountered as the composition of the filler is shifted closer to the phase boundary was determined to be largely due to the high conductivity of the BiFeO3-rich compositions. The ceramic was modified with Mn in an attempt to lower its conductivity. Composites incorporating the Mn-doped filler poled more rapidly and easily than the undoped material and ultimately achieved a hydrostatic figure of merit, dhgh, 40% better than that observed for the undoped samples. Among the samples investigated, the highest hydrostatic figures of merit were exhibited by samples containing the doped and undoped x = 0.5 fillers. The hydrostatic response remains stable over a ...
Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: A clinicopathologic analysis of 72 cases

Adenocarcinomas account for approximately 2% of primary epithelial malignancies of the urinary bladder. The clinicopathologic features of 72 cases treated at one institution are reported; 22 cases were evaluated immunohistochemically. Twenty-four tumors were urachal and 48 nonurachal. The cases were analyzed according to their stage at presentation, histologic type, and mucin staining; they were tested immunohistochemically to determine their reaction to carcinoembryonic antigen, Leu-M1, prostate-specific antigen, and prostatic acid phosphatase. Tumor stage was a highly significant predictor of outcome (P = 0.001). Nonurachal tumors tended to have a worse outcome than urachal, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Histologic type was not a significant predictor of outcome (P = 0.10). For adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder, stage was the most significant predictive factor; separating urachal from nonurachal tumors was important, but mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry did not help in this distinction. On occasion, a few tumors may react with some polyclonal antibodies to prostate-specific antigen; thus these results must be interpreted with caution. In these instances, the possibility of using highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibodies such as the one employed in this study should be considered.
Wild-type but not Alzheimer-mutant amyloid precursor protein confers resistance against p53-mediated apoptosis

Amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) are expressed in multiple organs and cell types in diverse species. Their conservation across species and high abundance in brain and the association of various APP missense mutations with autosomal dominant forms of familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) suggest important roles for APP in the central nervous system. However, the basic functions of APP in the central nervous system remain largely unknown. To assess potential effects of APP on neuronal death and survival, we transfected APP-deficient rat neuroblastoma cells (B103) with DNA constructs encoding wild-type or FAD-mutant human APP. Wild-type, but not FAD-mutant, APP effectively protected cells against apoptosis induced by ultraviolet irradiation, staurosporine, or p53. Wild-type APP also strongly inhibited p53 DNA-binding activity and p53-mediated gene transactivation, whereas FAD-mutant APP did not. We conclude that APP protects neuronal cells against apoptosis by controlling p53 activation at the post-translational level. Disruption of this function by mutations or alterations in APP processing could enhance neuronal vulnerability to secondary insults and contribute to neuronal degeneration.
ASYMMETRIC PERFORMANCES IN BINAURAL LOCALIZATION OF SOUND IN SPACE

Twenty right-handers and 20 left-handers were tested on a sound localization task. Broadband noise was presented from either the left or right hemifield. Localization accuracy was significantly greater (P = 0.002) when sounds emanated from the left hemifield thereby suggesting a paramount role played by the right hemisphere. Correcting for front-rear reversals, attributable to impoverished spectral cues and/or faulty processing of such cues, rendered differences in error scores linked to hemifield nonsignificant. The data were interpreted to mean that the special contribution of the right hemisphere to this task was its greater fidelity in processing spectral cues. No differences in localization proficiency between right- and left-handers were observed.
Improved limit on axion production in 800-GeV hadronic showers.

A search for neutral penetrating particles has been made by use of an 800-GeV proton beam incident on the magnetized beam dump of the Fermilab experiment 605/772 spectrometer. Limits on the mass and couplings of such particles are presented. These improve on the limits obtained from a previous run with the same apparatus, and axions coupling only to ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are now ruled out up to masses of 2.7 MeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$.
The hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome

The hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome is the second most common form of congenital hyperinsulinism (HI). Children affected by this syndrome have both fasting and protein sensitive hypoglycemia combined with persistently elevated ammonia levels. Gain of function mutations in the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) are responsible for the HI/HA syndrome. GDH is expressed in liver, kidney, brain, and pancreatic beta-cells. Patients with the HI/HA syndrome have an increased frequency of generalized seizures, especially absence-type seizures, in the absence of hypoglycemia. The hypoglycemia of the HI/HA syndrome is well controlled with diazoxide, a KATP channel agonist. GDH has also been implicated in another form of HI, short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD) deficiency associated HI. The HI/HA syndrome provides a rare example of an inborn error of intermediary metabolism in which the effect of the mutation on enzyme activity is a gain of function.
A decentralized control architecture for a microgrid with power electronic interfaces

This paper presents a decentralized control architecture for the autonomous operation of a microgrid with power electronic interfaces. The control architecture is based on a multi-agent system (MAS) in which all agents are hierarchically equal and there is no central agent. Neighbor to neighbor three-step communication algorithms are used by the MAS to determine real and reactive power mismatches and resolve the dispatch of real and reactive power among the agents within the microgrid. The research described here includes the design of control modes for the power electronic interfaces in the microgrid. The proposed method is demonstrated on a system comprising four microsources, and is implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
High-Temperature Reactions of Clay Mineral Mixtures and Their Ceramic Properties: III, Shrinkage and Porosity in Relation to Initial Mineralogy

Little exact information exists on the relation of mineralogical composition of clay materials to their properties after firing. Property-composition diagrams are constructed for linear shrinkage and apparent porosity of quartz-kaolinitemica mixtures fired at 1100° and 1200°C.; contours of equal shrinkage and equal porosity are derived. Sixty natural clays and shales are analyzed semiquantitatively for mineral content, and their shrinkage and porosity values are obtained after firing to 1100° and 1200°C. The ceramic properties of the natural materials are compared with those of the prepared mixtures. Conclusions are drawn regarding the influence of mineralogical composition on the ceramic properties. The mica content is shown to be particularly important because of its role in the for mation of a glassy component.
A multispecies biomass dynamics model for investigating predator–prey interactions in the Bering Sea groundfish community

Abstract Concerns over long-term cumulative impacts of fishing on marine ecosystems and the status of many marine species have led to calls for ecosystem-based approaches to fishery management. Single-species population dynamics models traditionally used in fisheries stock assessments lack separate accounting of predation mortality and often underestimate natural mortality. Age-structured models used for stock assessments in the Alaska region are biologically realistic, but their applicability is limited to a relatively small number of commercially exploited species because they require accurate survey and fishery age composition data. The objective of this study was to develop relatively simple age-aggregated multispecies models that describe biomass dynamics of some commercially and ecologically important groundfish species in the eastern Bering Sea by accounting for their trophic interactions. We developed and contrasted two alternative model formulations: a multispecies biomass dynamics (MBD) model and a multispecies delay difference (MDD) model. Both MBD and MDD models were able to capture observed trends in survey biomass data over 1982–2009. Although the MDD model fit the survey biomass estimates better than the MBD model, the MDD model and its maximum likelihood parameters produced biologically unrealistic biomass projections at values of instantaneous fishing mortality (F)>0.14. Strong positive correlations among many of the predation parameters resulted in highly uncertain parameter estimates. Consistent with previous studies, both multispecies models predicted the multispecies B0, MSY, and FMSY to be lower than the sum of the estimates from single-species assessment models. Although the results of the current study should be taken with caution because of high estimation uncertainty, our multispecies models can be a useful addition to the current management process by providing estimates of natural mortality and tactical advice on the implications of single-species harvest strategies for the broader groundfish community in the eastern Bering Sea.
Introduction to IT Innovation for Change in Healthcare Minitrack

The innovative application of information technologies (IT) in the consumer, clinical, and public health spheres offers the potential for transformational improvements to the healthcare system. Addressing the significant challenge of developing, evaluating, and integrating such innovations requires a systems approach that encompasses the technical and social dimensions, as well as interrelationships across the personal, clinical and public health levels. Vital to the innovative process are electronic information platforms, or cyber infrastructure, that use grid and cloud-based systems for storage, harmonization, access, analysis, and utilization of data. IT innovation in healthcare includes infrastructures to support large data sets/sources as well as emerging data platforms such as the National Health Information Network (NwHIN), Public Health Information Network (PHIN), Cancer Research Network (CRN), and Health Data.gov. IT innovations are also important in health prevention and promotion. health surveillance data, such as the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), are helpful for assessing population trends and informing health-related policy and practice. Such policy and practice applications can be accelerated through applied research, demonstrations, and open innovation developer challenges. Recent developer challenges have provided a key mechanism for applying disparate data sets to advance health promotion and disease prevention, improve health communication and coordination, and expand the use of applications targeting specific populations and health outcomes. This conference mini-track highlights some of the IT innovations in healthcare for population health and health services. It will feature the following papers: A Hybrid Case Based Recommender in mHealth for Smoking Cessation Lessons from an Online Stop-Smoking Intervention: Adaptations for Mobile Implementation Stage-Based mHealth Communication Interventions for HPV Education Towards Next Generation Health Data Exploration: A Data Cube-based Investigation into Population Statistics for Tobacco Towards Systematically-Enabled Next Generation Community Health Information Portals: The PopSciGrid Pilot These research papers address technical, behavioral, social and health issues, with topics ranging from high performance computing topics concerning the extraction of knowledge from various data collections, data acquisition and analysis in a data intensive health science world, and open technological advancements. A particular emphasis in several of the papers relates to the use of large data sets, mhealth, and cyber infrastructure to prevent, monitor, and manage cancer.
Rubidium, strontium and the isotopic composition of strontium in ultramafic nodule minerals and host basalts

Abstract The concentrations of rubidium and strontium and the isotopic composition of strontium have been determined in minerals separated from ultramaflc nodules occurring in late Tertiary and Quaternary basalts of wide geographic distribution. Clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and olivine from each of three Iherzolite nodules show a relatively wide range of 87Sr/86Sr disequilibrium and none of the minerals is in isotopic equilibrium with its host basalt. In two cases there is a correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and 87Rb/86Sr ratios of the nodule minerals, indicating apparent isochron relationships which may represent relict mantle events. Clinopyroxene and olivine from each of two wehrlite nodules are not in isotopic equilibrium, although the magnitude of the disequilibrium is smaller than that observed in the Iherzolite nodules. None of these ultramafic nodules can be a crystal cumulate from its host basalt, and it is doubtful that any type of genetic relationship exists. The strontium isotopic disequilibrium between nodule minerals seems to be a primary feature inherited from past mantle histories.
Object relations and ego development: comparison and correlates in middle childhood.

ABSTSACT The significance of ego development and object relations for adaptation and adjustment in middle childhood was examined in a study of 92 nine- to twelve-year-old children Subjects completed the Sentence Completion Test (SCT) and the Blatt Object Relations Scale (BORS) m individual sessions BCSIS ratings were factor analyzed and a predominant factor of parental nurturance emerged This factor was positively related to children's self-reported perceptions of parental involvement and autonomy support but was unrelated to the SCT SCT findings revealed an expected pattern for middle childhood with the preponderance of children falling into impulsive, self-protective, and conformist stages of ego development Both the SCT and BC^S were examined m relation to aspects of children's cognitive and social functioning, assessed via teacher ratings, peer sociometncs, self-evaluations, and academic achievement records Results showed that the SCT was pnmanly related to cognitive complexity vanables, while the object relations measure was associated with both peer and self-evaluations These nonoverlappmg relations with vaned child outcomes are discussed both in terms of methodological limitations and theoretical significance
FREQUENCY RESPONSE FUNCTION EXPANSION FOR UNMEASURED TRANSLATION AND ROTATION DOFS FOR IMPEDANCE MODELLING APPLICATIONS

Inclusion of rotational effects is critical for the accuracy of the predicted system characteristics, in almost all system modelling studies. However, experimentally derived information for the description of one or more of the components for the system will generally not have any rotational effects included in the description of the component. The lack of rotational effects has long affected the results from any system model development whether using a modal-based approach or an impedance-based approach. Several new expansion processes are described herein for the development of FRFs needed for impedance-based system models. These techniques expand experimentally derived mode shapes, residual modes from the modal parameter estimation process and FRFs directly to allow for the inclusion of the necessary rotational dof. The FRFs involving translational to rotational dofs are developed as well as the rotational to rotational dof. Examples are provided to show the use of these techniques.
Creating Opportunities for Occupation: An Intervention To Promote the Self-Care Independence of Young Children With Special Needs

Objective The relationship between opportunities for occupation and the skill performance of young children with special needs was explored, using a multiple baseline across subjects design. Method Three caregivers self-monitored the frequency with which they were able to create opportunities for their child to practice emerging self-dressing or self-feeding skills. Results Two caregivers quickly promoted self-care independence in their child by restructuring daily routines to provide more opportunities for the child to independently engage in the targeted occupation. One caregiver was unable to use the intervention techniques effectively. Conclusion Opportunity for occupation can influence the child's skill performance and can be used as a treatment modality by some families.
Ion diffusivity from the growth rate of crystalline complex PEO3NaSCN

Abstract The growth rate of the crystalline complex PEO 3 NaSCN from an undercooled liquids is used to measure the mutual diffusion coefficient of NaSCN and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). Useful results were obtained between 65°C and 95°C for complexes containing 11 mole% NaSCN in PEO with molecular weights ranging from 3500 to 600000g/mole. The observed diffusivity is in the range (0.6−3.2)×10 −8 cm 2 /s and is independent of polymer molecular weight, indicating that the polymer is effectively static and that the growth rate method yields the chemical diffusion coefficient of Na and SCN species. The absolute values of D compare well with those from radioactive tracer studies.
Recent developments in dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of tumor angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is a critical process for tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. There is tremendous interest in the development of noninvasive methods for imaging tumor angiogenesis, and ultrasound (US) is an emerging platform technology to address this challenge. The introduction of intravascular microbubble contrast agents not only allows real-time visualization of tumor perfusion during an US examination, but they can be functionalized with specific ligands to permit molecular US imaging of angiogenic biomarkers that are overexpressed on the tumor endothelium. In this article, we will review current concepts and developing trends for US imaging of tumor angiogenesis, including relevant preclinical and clinicsal findings.
Unsteady blade pressure measurements on a model counterrotation propeller

In an exploratory effort an advanced counterrotation propeller instrumented with blade-mounted pressure transducers was tested in the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-Foot Anechoic Wind Tunnel at a simulated takeoff and landing speed of Mach 0.20. The propeller's aft diameter was reduced to investigate possible noise reductions resulting from reduced blade row interaction with the tip vortex. The propeller was tested at three blade row spacings at fixed blade setting angles, at the maximum blade row spacing at higher blade setting angles and at propeller axis angles attack to the flow up to + or - 16 deg. A limited number of unsteady blade surface pressure measurements were made on both rotors of the model counterrotation propeller. Emphasis was placed on determining the effects of rotor-rotor interactions on the blade surface pressures. A unique method of processing the pressure signals was developed that enables even weak interaction waveforms and spectra to be separated from the total signal. The interaction on the aft rotor was many times stronger than that on the forward rotor. The fundamental rotor interaction tone exhibited complicated behavior but generally increased with rotational speed and blade setting angle and decreased with rotor spacing. With the propeller axis at an angle to the flow, the phase response of the aft rotor appeared to be significantly affected by the presence of the forward rotor.
Recombinant Science : The Birth of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was the first facility to move the subfield of nuclear physics into the relativistic (very high-energy) regime. From the time of its formal proposal in 1984 to the start of its operation in 2000, it anchored a profound reconfiguration of Brookhaven's mission. This article analyzes the process by which RHIC came to seem the best solution to a problem thrust upon the Brookhaven laboratory administration by the planning and funding demands of the early 1980s, which required creative reconfiguration of resources and programs from long-established national laboratories accustomed to pursuing particular kinds of science. The RHIC story is an example of "recombinant science," as Catherine Westfall has labeled it, which does not occur as a natural outgrowth of previous research. In the recombinant science that gave birth to RHIC, the ends as well as the means arose as the result of contingencies and convergences that required researchers from multiple subfields to adapt their intentions and methods, sometimes awkwardly. Against a backdrop of limited budgets, increasing oversight, and competitive claims from other labs and projects, this case study illustrates how many strands had to come together simultaneously in RHIC, including changes in theoretical interest, experimental developments, and the existence of hardware assets\---|plus leadership and several lucky breaks.
Forging the Neoliberal Competitiveness Agenda: Planning Policy and Practice in the Dutch and Colombian Cut-Flower Commodity Chains

This paper analyzes comparatively the role of planning policy and practice in the diffusion of the neoliberal competitiveness agenda to improve the position of the Dutch and Colombian cut-flower ag...
Experimental and theoretical analysis for improved microscope design of optical projection tomographic microscopy

We present theoretical and experimental results of axial displacement of objects relative to a fixed condenser focal plane (FP) in optical projection tomographic microscopy (OPTM). OPTM produces three-dimensional, reconstructed images of single cells from two-dimensional projections. The cell rotates in a microcapillary to acquire projections from different perspectives where the objective FP is scanned through the cell while the condenser FP remains fixed at the center of the microcapillary. This work uses a combination of experimental and theoretical methods to improve the OPTM instrument design.
Cation vacancy concentrations in ferrous sulfide containing chromium and manganese

A gravimetric technique was used to measure the cation vacancy concentration in pure ferrous sulfide and in ferrous sulfide containing small amounts of chromium or manganese. Measurements were made over a wide range of sulfur pressures, defined by H2/H2S mixtures, at 500, 600, and 700°C (723, 823, and 923 K). Chromium was found to increase the defect concentration by an amount consistent with the Wagner-Hauffe model pertaining to aliovalent cations. Also in accord with this model, manganese did not measurably affect the cation vacancy concentration.
Role of the plastic flow of the matrix on yielding and void evolution of porous solids: Comparison between the theoretical response of porous solids with Tresca and von Mises matrices

Abstract In this paper, it is shown that yielding and void evolution in a porous metallic material is strongly influenced by the particularities of the plastic flow of the matrix. This is demonstrated by comparing the effective response of porous solids for which the matrix is described by Tresca and von Mises yield criterion, respectively. The effective response of the porous solid is calculated analytically using rigorous limit analysis theorems and upscaling techniques. Analysis is conducted for both tensile and compressive axisymmetric loading scenarios and spherical void geometry. For the first time it is demonstrated that if the matrix plastic response is governed by Tresca yield criterion, the overall response is softer, the combined effects of pressure and the third-invariant on yielding being much stronger than in a porous solid with von Mises matrix. Furthermore, the rate of void growth or collapse is much faster in a porous solid with Tresca matrix.
On the usefulness of sulfur isotope ratios in crude oil correlations

Sulfur isotope analyses have been completed for twelve samples of marine Jurassic oils from a single basin, and are presented along with previous chemical analyses of the same oils (Seifert and Moldowan, 1978). Two isotopic anomalies are discussed in light of correlational analyses, and show that sulfur isotope ratios, when used with other chemical variables, are sensitive indicators of subtle changes in initial source input. Measurements of δ34S in correlational studies of crude oil characterization and identification are recommended.
A mitochondrial component of neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis

Neurodegeneration is the main pathological correlate of accumulating disability in progressive stages of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), but both histologic and imaging studies detect significant tissue loss even in early disease. These observations raise the question as to whether neurodegeneration in MS is a primary mechanism or whether it develops secondary to inflammation and demyelination. Recent data suggest that the atrophy of brain and cord is directly linked to inflammation and may partly be independent of demyelination. Released products of both residential and infiltrating immune cells can induce ultrastructural changes and cell-death by multiple mechanism. We propose that the inflammation-induced tissue response is controlled by genetic variations and to some extent involves a mitochondrion-driven mechanism in MS, similar to that described in the final pathway of other neurodegenerative disorders. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target the immune system which results in a successful down-regulation of plaque formation and of relapse rate. However, measures of clinical disability best correlate with the degree of neurodegeneration rather than with the volume of plaques, and these immune-modulating regimens may only incompletely affect the accumulating tissue loss. Considering the need for additional therapeutic strategies, we emphasize the degenerative components, and review a mitochondrial mechanism of tissue loss potentially involved in the process of MS.
Solute-atom segregation at (002) twist boundaries in dilute NiPt alloys: Structural/chemical relations

Abstract Monte Carlo simulations, utilizing embedded atom method (EAM) potentials, are used to investigate solute-atom segregation behavior at symmetrical (002) twist boundaries, at T = 850 K, in Pt-3 at.% Ni and Ni-3 at.% Pt alloys. The results show that, unlike the previously investigated AuPt system, the boundaries are enhanced in solute atoms on both sides of the phase diagram. For low-angle boundaries on the Pt-rich side the atomic sites enhanced in solute concentration are arranged in hourglass-like structures centered on the square grid of primary grain boundary dislocations. While for the same boundaries on the Ni-rich side the atomic sites enhanced in solute concentration are located in bipyramidal regions based on the square cells of the same grain boundary dislocations. Thus, the atomic sites that are enhanced on one side of the phase diagram are not affected on the other side and vice versa.
Investigation of the bacterial retting community of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing

The microbial communities associated with kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) plant fibers during retting were determined in an effort to identify possible means of accelerating this process for industrial scale-up. Microbial communities were identified by semiconductor sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from DNA harvested from plant-surface associated samples and analyzed using an Ion Torrent PGM. The communities were sampled after 96 h from each of three different conditions, including amendments with pond water, sterilized pond water, or with a mixture of pectinolytic bacterial isolates. Additionally, plants from two different sources and having different pretreatment conditions were compared. We report that the best retting communities are dominated by members of the order Clostridiales. These bacteria appear to be naturally associated with the plant material, although slight variations between source materials were found. Additionally, heavy inoculations of pectinolytic bacteria established themselves and in addition their presence facilitated the rapid dominance of the original plant-associated Clostridiales. These data suggest that members of the order Clostridiales dominate the community and are most closely associated with efficient and effective retting. The results further suggest that establishment of the community structure is first driven by the switch to anaerobic conditions, and subsequently by possible competition for nitrogen. These findings reveal important bacterial groups involved in fiber retting, and suggest mechanisms for the manipulation of the community and retting efficiency by modifying nutrient availability.
Prevention of graft infection by use of prostheses bonded with a rifampin/collagen release system.

Abstract The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of bonding rifampin to double-velour Dacron grafts with collagen to prevent graft sepsis. Fifty 6.0 mm Dacron grafts (length 5.0 cm) impregnated with either collagen (control) or collagen plus rifampin (experimental) were implanted in dogs end-to-end into the infrarenal aorta. The dogs were divided into four groups (each with an experimental and control subdivision) as a function of time between grafting and bacterial challenge. At 2, 7, 10, or 12 days after graft implantation, sequential groups were challenged with 1.2 × 10 8 colony forming units of Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate) intravenously suspended in 250 ml normal saline. Three weeks after hematogenous seeding, the grafts were sterilely harvested. One-tailed Fischer's exact test was used to compare the patency and culture-proven infection of control and antibiotic coated grafts as a function of implantation time before bacteremic challenge. In the 2-day group, four of six control grafts were infected compared with zero of six experimental grafts ( p S. aureus versus zero of six in the experimental group ( p
Sider, the inheritance of intrinsicality, and theories of composition

I defend coincidentalism (the view that some pluralities have more than one mereological fusion) and restricted composition (the view that some pluralities lack mereological fusions) against recent arguments due to Theodore Sider.