cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of administration of hypolipidemic agent, 2,2'''- [ (1-methyl-4, 4-diphenylbutylidene) bis (p-phenyleneoxy)] bistriethylamine oxalate (SQ 10,591) upon cholesterol esterification by aorta, adrenal, and testes of cholesterol-fed rabbits].

Administration of 2,2′″-([1-methyl-4,4-diphenylbutylidene] bis(p-phenyleneoxy]) bistriethylamine oxalate (SQ 10,591) at 20 mg/Kg daily for 5 days to cholesterol-fed rabbits resulted in no change in aortic microsomal cholesterol esterification with a palmitoyl coenzyme A substrate or of aortic mitochondrial cholesterol esterification with a palmitate substrate. Esterification by both reactions in the adrenal was much higher than in either aorta or testes. Adrenal and testicular mitochondrial esterification and testicular microsomal esterification were inhibited significantly after SQ 10,591 administration. In vitro addition of 0.0001 M SQ 10,591 significantly inhibited both microsomal and mitochondrial cholesterol esterification in aorta, adrenal, and testes.
On asymptotic equivalence of perturbed linear systems of differential and difference equations

Abstract Standard results on asymptotic integration of systems of linear differential equations give sufficient conditions which imply that a system is strongly asymptotically equivalent to its principal diagonal part. These involve certain dichotomy conditions on the diagonal part as well as growth conditions on the off-diagonal perturbation terms. Here, we study perturbations with a triangularly-induced structure and see that growth conditions can be substantially weakened. In addition, we give results for not necessarily triangular perturbations which in some sense “interpolate” between the classical theorems of Levinson and Hartman–Wintner. Some analogous results for systems of linear difference equations are also given.
Quantitative analysis of fiddler crab flock movement: evidence for ‘selfish herd’ behaviour

Abstract The selfish herd hypothesis predicts that aggregations form because individuals move towards one another, and that this movement will minimize predation risk as measured by the domain of danger. To test the predictions of the selfish herd hypothesis in the field, we videotaped the movements of sand fiddler crab, Uca pugilator , flocks being attacked by predators. After recording 12 attacks on crabs by shorebird and human attackers, we digitized the video, and determined the positions of crabs before and after being frightened. We estimated the time of panic initiation by the rapid increase in the crabs' velocity. Crab flocks became more cohesive after panic initiation. The frequency distribution of the crabs' domains of danger shifted significantly towards smaller domains after panic initiation. The median domain of danger was significantly lower after panic initiation than beforehand. Two other indices of aggregation also showed statistically significant increases in flock cohesion following panic initiation. We conclude that fiddler crab behaviour is consistent with the selfish herd hypothesis. Therefore, our results support the selfish herd hypothesis as an explanation for gregarious behaviour. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved .
A comparison of DNA polymerase α from untransformed and SV40-transformed human fibroblasts

Abstract 1. 1. DNA polymerase α (pol α) isolated from Simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed cells showed more than 3-fold higher specific activity than pol α from normal cells. The enzymes from untransformed and transformed cells also differed in molecular size, thermolability, sensitivity to inhibitors and specificity of template-primer utilization. 2. 2. Western analysis using anti-Tag to probe both a crude cell homogenate and partially purified pol α from SV40 transformed cells showed multiple immunoreactive bands with different molecular sizes. 3. 3. While α polymerases from both normal and transformed cells exhibited tightly associated primase activity, they showed different DNA binding affinities. 4. 4. These data suggest that T antigen binding to pol α alters the initiation of DNA replication and/or the function of pol α in SV40-transformed cells, and that pol α from SV40-transformed human fibroblasts have different catalytic subunit characteristics than pol α from untransformed cells.
Correlations of solar variation with Washington weather

Nine years ago I showed that ups and downs in the values of the solar constant of radiation were attended by changes of large magnitude and long duration in the temperature of Washington and other stations. These effects were always symmetrically opposed like the right and left hands. Meteorologists have been reluctant to accept this finding, partly because the solar changes found seemed to them too small to be certainly observed, and partly because no mathematical theory had been worked out to show how small percentage-changes in the solar constant could so largely alter terrestrial temperatures. Nevertheless, further work convinced me of the reality of the effect and recently I have secured new evidence that seems to clinch it.
The Approximation and Computation of a Basis of the Trace Space H1/2

We present a method for construction of an approximate basis of the trace space H 1/2 based on a combination of the Steklov spectral method and a finite element approximation. Specifically, we approximate the Steklov eigenfunctions with respect to a particular finite element basis. Then solutions of elliptic boundary value problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions can be efficiently and accurately expanded in the discrete Steklov basis. We provide a reformulation of the discrete Steklov eigenproblem as a generalized eigenproblem that we solve by the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method of ARPACK. We include examples highlighting the computational properties of the proposed method for the solution of elliptic problems on bounded domains using both a conforming bilinear finite element and a non-conforming harmonic finite element. In addition, we document the efficiency of the proposed method by solving a Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation on a densely perforated domain.
The role of price expectations and legal uncertainties in ocean mineral, exploration activities☆

Abstract In this paper, a standard exploration activities model is modified and applied to time series, data from deep seabed mining of a group of minerals where the number of patents is used as a proxy, for the level of mineral exploration activities. In addition to the rational expectations model, price, expectations formation for mineral prices is decomposed into trend and cyclical components using the, HP-filter method. Estimated parameters from the supply and cost functions are used to determine the, shadow price of the minerals. The non-linear instrumental variables estimator is employed to estimate, the exploration activities function. While the rational expectations model shows the importance of, current prices on exploration efforts, the HP-filter model suggests that firms concentrate on the trend, in prices rather than the short-run cyclical fluctuations. Also, while the U.S. refusal to ratify the LOSC, has increased the legal uncertainties surrounding the management of ocean resources and reduced the, incentive to engage in exploration activities, the passage of the ISA's main legislative accomplishment, regarding regulation of the explorations for polymetallic nodules appear to have made a positive effect.
Charge-nonconserving decays.

I point out interesting ambiguities associated with the possibility of charge-nonconserving decays. Such decays or e/sup -/bold-arrow-left-righte/sup +/ oscillation could quench electrostatic potentials larger than several million volts. A connection to the Feynman diagrams and infrared divergence is pointed out, and a simple intuitive space-time picture suggests that m/sub ..gamma../less than or equal to10/sup -15/ eV implies very long decay times for charge-nonconserving decays.
Universal Quantum Simulators: Correction

Several readers have pointed out an error in my Research Article “Universal quantum simulators” (23 Aug. 1996, p. [1073][1]) ( 1). On page 1076, after equation ([2][2]), I incorrectly cited K. Kraus as showing that it is always possible to mimic the effect of an environment for an N -qubit quantum system by using a simulated environment consisting of N qubits ( 2 , which is reference 39 in the article). In fact, the implication of Kraus's work ([2][2]) is that it is always possible to simulate such an environment using a simulated environment with 2 N qubits, not N. An N -qubit simulated environment clearly suffices in some cases: that it always suffices should be considered to be a conjecture that the set of equations given by equation ([2][2]) always possesses a solution. However, the minimum size of a simulated environment sufficient to model any environmental interaction is not currently known The conclusion of my article, that a quantum computer can efficiently simulate any quantum system that evolves according to local interactions, remains unchanged. 1. 1. S. Lloyd , Science 273, 1073 (1996). [OpenUrl][3][Abstract][4] 2. [↵][5]1. K. Kraus , States, Effects, and Operations: Fundamental Notions of Quantum Theory (Spring-Verlag, Berlin, 1983). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.273.5278.1073 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DScience%26rft.stitle%253DScience%26rft.issn%253D0036-8075%26rft.aulast%253DLloyd%26rft.auinit1%253DS.%26rft.volume%253D273%26rft.issue%253D5278%26rft.spage%253D1073%26rft.epage%253D1078%26rft.atitle%253DUniversal%2BQuantum%2BSimulators%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.273.5278.1073%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8688088%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [4]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6Mzoic2NpIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEzOiIyNzMvNTI3OC8xMDczIjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjU6Ii9zY2kvMjc5LzUzNTQvMTExMy44LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ== [5]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text"
Fight Club: A Depiction of Contemporary Society as Dissociogenic

ABSTRCT It is argued that a major theme of the novel and film Fight Club is that contemporary technological society fosters dissociative modes of experience. Examples are provided of how the content and style of Fight Club are designed to convey the detachment from subjective experience, interpersonal disconnectedness and fragmented sense of self fostered by influences such as consumerism, technology, and rapid mobility. In this way Fight Club illustrates how social, cultural and interpersonal forces can promote sub-clinical and even normative forms of dissociation that, although less extreme, qualitatively approximate floridly pathological manifestations of dissociation. This perspective helps to de-marginalize dissociation, fostering appreciation of the continuity between its non-pathological and clinical manifestations.
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in the morbidly obese.

Background The objective of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of transvaginal (TV) natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) operations in morbidly obese patients.
Index theorem for domain walls in supersymmetric gauge theories

The supersymmetric Abelian Higgs model with N scalar fields admits multiple domain wall solutions. We perform a Callias-type index calculation to determine the number of zero modes of this soliton. We confirm that the most general domain wall has $2(N\ensuremath{-}1)$ zero modes, which can be interpreted as the positions and phases of $(N\ensuremath{-}1)$ constituent domain walls. This implies the existence of moduli for a D-string interpolating between N $D5$-branes in type IIB string theory.
The role of nerve growth factor in vitro in cell resistance to 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity.

Abstract Cell resistance to the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine was studied in various cell lines: human neuroblastoma lines SK-N-MC. SK-N-SH, and SK-N-SH-SY5Y; and non-neuroblastoma lines CHO-K1, S-180, C-6, and L-M, the latter three of which synthesize nerve growth factor. Cells were treated one day after seeding for 1 h with 6OHDA. Cytotoxicity of the drug was quantified as the percent live cells, determined by the trypan blue exclusion test, 24 h after treatment. At 100 μg/ml, 6OHDA lethal toxicity was confined mainly to neuroblastoma cells. However, drug specificity was dependent not only on cell type, but also on cell density and presence of NGF. Thus, the non-neuroblastoma cell strain S-180-A, which produces less NGF than its parent line S-180, lost resistance to toxicity at low cell density, and even at high density was less resistant than SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, when mouse β-NGF (500 BU/ml) was administered to human neuroblastoma clones SY5Y and IN one day after seeding for 24 h before drug treatment, the cell survival rate increased significantly, although only SY5Y cells were protected by a lower concentration (1 BU/ml) of exogenous NGF. Finally, cell line S-180 became susceptible to 6OHDA killing when incubated one hour with high titer anti-mouse β-NGF immediately prior to drug treatment, whereas cell line C-6 did not. NGF was therefore proposed to have an important, though not determinative, role in cell resistance to 6OHDA toxicity.
Calcium currents in internally perfused nerve cell bodies of Limnea stagnalis

1. When K+ is removed from both sides of the somal membrane of Limnea neurones, time-dependent, voltage-dependent outward currents are observed at positive potentials. These currents can be carried by Tris+ and tetraethylammonium (TEA+), as well as Cs+, but the Cs currents are several times larger. The Cs currents are not affected by external or internal TEA, but are strongly reduced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and all Ca blockers tried. 2. The presence of these non-specific outward currents and their sensitivity to all treatments that eliminate the Ca currents prevent the complete isolation of Ca currents. The non-specific outward currents are most prominent at large positive potentials and as slow tail currents on stepping back to the holding potential. 3. Ca currents are ‘washed out’ in well perfused cells. Typically the Ca current has decayed to less than one tenth of its original size after ½ h of perfusion. This wash-out is specific for the Ca current; Na and K currents persist for several hours. 4. Once the Ca current has completely decayed, it is possible to study one type of non-specific current without overlapping inward currents. This current activates between 0 and +30 mV and appears to reverse near 0 mV. 5. In spite of the probable presence of slowly activating outward currents, the net inward currents measured show little apparent inactivation. In all the cells studied the inward current evoked at +20 mV has never decayed by more than 50% during a 60 ms pulse. So the true inactivation of these Ca currents must be quite slow, with time constants of the order of 100 ms and larger. 6. The activation of the Ca current agrees with m2 kinetics. The rate of activation is the same for Ba currents as for Ca currents. 7. When the membrane potential is stepped back to the holding level (-50 mV), the Ca current turns off quite rapidly with a time constant of about 100 μs (25 °C). The time constant for turning off the Ca current is not related to the time constant for turning on the Ca current at the same voltage as expected for m2 kinetics in the Hodgkin and Huxley model. At -30 mV the τm for turn-on is eight times larger than the τm for turn-off.
Extended filamentation with temporally chirped femtosecond Bessel-Gauss beams in air

We report experimental results on ultrafast filamentation with temporally chirped femtosecond Bessel-Gauss beams. We find that by chirping the pulses, the longitudinal range of the generated plasma channels can be extended relative to filaments generated by fully compressed, transform-limited femtosecond pulses. We find a clear correlation between the extent of filamentation and the intensity of the on-axis emission by the femtosecond Bessel-Gauss beam. The on-axis emission is negligible for fully compressed pulses, but it can become quite substantial (up to 10% of the input pulse energy) when chirped pulses are used. Under certain conditions, the on-axis emission becomes sufficient for generating its own plasma channel thus resulting in extended filamentation. This effect may offer means of remote control over filament formation with femtosecond Bessel-Gauss beams. We identify a four-wave mixing process, enhancement of which is likely to result in a maximum of the on-axis emission, and derive a simple expression for estimating the duration of the chirped pulse that is required for such enhancement. Our estimations are in good agreement with the experiment.
The Dual Nature of the Nuclear Arms Quandary

As this article is being cast into final — or possibly just semi‐final form, there lies under my eyes The Brookings Review, Summer 1983, which displays on its front cover the following quotation from one of the articles it contains, titled “Arms and the Art of Compromise” by John Steinbrunner. It reads, in part, as follows:
A Piagetian perspective on mathematical construction

In this paper, we offer a Piagetian perspective on the construction of the logico-mathematical schemas which embody our knowledge of logic and mathematics. Logico-mathematical entities are tied to the subject's activities, yet are so constructed by reflective abstraction that they result from sensorimotor experience only via the construction of intermediate schemas of increasing abstraction. The ‘axiom set’ does not exhaust the cognitive structure (schema network) which the mathematician thus acquires. We thus view ‘truth’ not as something to be defined within the closed ‘world’ of a formal system but rather in terms of the schema network within which the formal system is embedded. We differ from Piaget in that we see mathematical knowledge as based on social processes of mutual verification which provide an external drive to any ‘necessary dynamic’ of reflective abstraction within the individual. From this perspective, we argue that axiom schemas tied to a preferred interpretation may provide a necessary intermediate stage of reflective abstraction en route to acquisition of the ability to use formal systems in abstracto.
The synthesis and structural characterization of carborane oligomers connected by carbon-carbon and carbon-boron bonds between icosahedra

Abstract The reaction of dilithiated o-carborane (closo-1,2-Li2-1,2-C2B10H10) with CuCl2 gives 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) (1), 1,3′-bis(o-carborane) (2) and 1,4′-bis(o-carborane) (3). Compound 2 (C4B20H22) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /n with a = 6.9275(6), b = 9.7655(8), c = 12.356(1) A , β = 90.028(2)° and Z = 2 . The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.048 and Rw = 0.074. Compound 3 (C4B20H22) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 with a = 6.8854(5), b = 12.523(1), c = 19.847(1) A and Z = 4 . The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.078 and Rw = 0.091. The coupling reaction of dilithiated m-carborane (closo-1,7-Li2-1,7-C2B10H10) with CuCl2 results in the formation of 1,1′-bis(m-carborane) (4) and tetra(m-carborane) (5).
Advancing remote sensing of volcanic clouds

A second international workshop on the remote sensing of volcanic clouds was recently held to improve and expand the use of satellite-based remote sensing data for hazard mitigation and other research purposes, such as volcano-atmosphere interactions and chemical and meteorological effects on the troposphere and stratosphere. Forty-six researchers attended, representing 11 countries, 10 universities, and several government meteorological and volcanological organizations. Also represented were the Volcanic Ash Aviation Centers in Washington, D.C.; Anchorage; Montreal; Darwin; London; and Tokyo, which monitor volcanic ash plumes and predict their displacement within their areas of responsibility The nine VAACs were established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to address various aviation concerns related to volcanic ash.
Effect of unusual guanosine nucleotides on the activities of some escherichia coli cellular enzymes

Abstract Unusual guanosine nucleotides guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate (ppGpp, also known as MSI) and guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-monophosphate (ppGp, also known as MSIII) accumulate to high concentrations in wild-type cells of Escherichia coli during amino acid starvation. We reported here that both nucleotides strongly inhibit the activity of enzymes IMP dehydrogenase and adenylosuccinate synthetase, the first enzymes of the guanylate and adenylate biosynthetic pathways. In both case, ppGp (MSIII) is a stronger inhibitor than ppGPP (MSI). On the other hand, these two nucleotides exhibited opposite effects on the activity of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase, the enzyme that utilizes phospho enol pyruvate. At their respective physiological concentrations, the activity of phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase is activated by ppGpp and inhibited by ppGp.
Sharpness index and its application to focus control

A sharpness index function, derived from the intensity distribution in an image aberrated by a quadratic-curvature wavefront distortion, is shown to be very effective as a measure of the correctness of focus. The function is introduced and analyzed in the spatial frequency domain. Broadly, the sharpness index belongs to a family of functions known as image sharpness functions that are potentially usable for image enhancement and restoration. The selectivity and the sensitivity of the sharpness index are theoretically derived as functions of focus error. Several sharpness index functions have been hardware implemented, and their performance as focus error signal generators have been tested in a TV imaging system in the laboratory. Finally, an outline is presented of an experimental closed-loop autofocus system using a sharpness index function, successfully implemented and tested in the laboratory.
Heterosexual couples confronting the challenges of HIV infection

Couples confronted with HIV infection face significant challenges. Little is known about the impact of HIV on heterosexual couples who account for the vast majority of cases worldwide and an increasing proportion of cases in the USA, especially among women. In this study, analysis of data collected on HIV-discordant couples participating in a ten-week support group revealed four major groups of issues: (1) dealing with the emotional and sexual impact on the relationship; (2) confronting reproductive decisions; (3) planning for the future of children and the surviving partner; and (4) disclosure of the HIV infection to friends and family. These findings have implications for the design of interventions to enhance adaptation to HIV for discordant couples.
Distribution of group-III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the retina.

In the brain and the retina metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) modulate synaptic transmission; in particular, L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate-sensitive group-III mGluRs are generally presynaptic and provide negative feedback of neurotransmitter release. We performed a comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of all group-III mGluRs in the mouse retina. mGluR6 expression was limited to the outer plexiform layer. Discrete, punctate immunolabeling, exclusively in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), was observed for each of the remaining group-III mGluRs. mGluR4 immunostaining was most abundant in IPL sublamina 1; mGluR7 immunoreactivity was organized in four bands, corresponding to sublaminae 1– 4; and mGluR8 was localized in two broad bands, one each in the OFF and ON layers of the IPL. mGluR8 immunoreactivity was evident in the OFF plexus of cholinergic amacrine cell processes. Surprisingly, we found little overlap between group-III mGluR immunolabeling and that for the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT1. Instead, we found that mGluR4 and mGluR7 were located close to bipolar cell ribbons. No compensatory changes in the distribution of group-III mGluRs, or of several other markers also showing a stratified localization in the IPL, were observed in genetically engineered mice lacking either mGluR4, mGluR8, or both mGluR4 and mGluR8. The unique pattern of expression of each receptor suggests that they have distinct functions in the retina, and their asymmetric distribution in the ON and OFF layers of the IPL suggests distinct roles in the processing of light-ON and light-OFF stimuli. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:931–943, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: immunohistochemistry; mice; knockout; 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
Effects of tolcapone on working memory and brain activity in abstinent smokers: A proof-of-concept study

Abstract Background Dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are thought to play an important role in cognitive function and nicotine dependence. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone, an FDA-approved treatment for Parkinson's disease, increases prefrontal dopamine levels, with cognitive benefits that may vary by COMT genotype. We tested whether tolcapone alters working memory-related brain activity and performance in abstinent smokers. Methods In this double-blind crossover study, 20 smokers completed 8 days of treatment with tolcapone and placebo. In both medication periods, smokers completed blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI scans while performing a working memory N-back task after 24 h of abstinence. Smokers were genotyped prospectively for the COMT val158met polymorphism for exploratory analysis. Results Compared to placebo, tolcapone modestly improved accuracy (p = 0.017) and enhanced suppression of activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) (p = 0.002). There were no effects of medication in other a priori regions of interest (dorsolateral PFC, dorsal cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, or posterior cingulate cortex). Exploratory analyses suggested that tolcapone led to a decrease in BOLD signal in several regions among smokers with val/val genotypes, but increased or remained unchanged among met allele carriers. Tolcapone did not attenuate craving, mood, or withdrawal symptoms compared to placebo. Conclusions Data from this proof-of-concept study do not provide strong support for further evaluation of COMT inhibitors as smoking cessation aids.
Current pulses involving chloride and potassium efflux relieve excess pressure in Pelvetia embryos.

Embryos of Pelvetia fastigiata De Toni respond to sudden decreases in osmotic pressure by driving characteristic current pulses through themselves. One group of pulses occurs immediately after the pressure decrease and another often follows about 1 h later. While there is a measurable response to decreases as small as 3%, a far larger response occurs above a threshold change of 8–10%. These pulses involve an efflux of Cl− and K+ ions which approximately restores the original turgor pressure.
Hydrogen adsorption and parahydrogen conversion over chromia supported on α-alumina

Abstract This work was a continuation of that previously reported on the catalytic and adsorptive properties of ruby, a dilute solid solution of Cr 2 O 3 in α-Al 2 O 3 . Samples of chromia supported on α-Al 2 O 3 were prepared by impregnation, and of chromia concentration approximately equal to or greater than the surface concentration of chromium ions in ruby. Parahydrogen conversion rates over these samples proved to be almost entirely magnetic in mechanism. The rate of poisoning by hydrogen and the volumetric adsorption of hydrogen were measured on all samples under a variety of conditions. From these data calculations were made of the relative fractions of chromia in clusters and in the form of isolated ions. However, no sample produced appreciable hydrogen-deuterium equilibration. The conclusion from this is that chromia subsequent to being heated at 500 ° in hydrogen may chemisorb hydrogen readily, but neither in the form of single isolated ions, nor as clusters in a wide range of particle sizes, is it able to catalyze the equilibration reaction, provided that reduction with hydrogen has been complete.
Ionization energy and mobility measurement in Si:B.

From a very accurate measurement of the ac admittance of Si:B, we determined an activation energy which we propose as the ionization energy of boron [${E}_{i}$(B)=46.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 meV]. This value is in good agreement with previous measurements of energy-level differences and with a recent theoretical calculation, but it disagrees with the interpretation of a spectral feature as the ionization energy recently published. A new value for the Si spin-orbit splitting (\ensuremath{\Delta}=42.12 meV) is consequently determined. We also show that the data are consistent only with the lattice scattering mechanism.
Granulite xenoliths from western Saudi Arabia: the lower crust of the late Precambrian Arbian-Nubian Shield

Mafic and intermediate granulite xenoliths, collected from Cenozoic alkali basalts, provide samples of the lower crust in western Saudi Arabia. The xenoliths are metaigneous two-pyroxene and garnet granulites. Mineral and whole rock compositions are inconsistent with origin from Red Sea rift-related basalts, and are compatible with origin from island arc calc-alkaline and low-potassium tholeiitic basalts. Most of the samples are either cumulates from mafic magmas or are restites remaining after partial melting of intermediate rocks and extraction of a felsic liquid. Initial87Sr/86Sr ratios are less than 0.7032, except for two samples at 0.7049. The Sm-Nd data yield TDM model ages of 0.64 to 1.02 Ga, similar to typical Arabian-Nubian Shield upper continental crust. The isotopic data indicate that the granulites formed from mantle-derived magmas with little or no contamination by older continent crust. Calculated temperatures and pressures of last reequilibration of the xenoliths show that they are derived from the lower crust. Calculated depths of origin and calculated seismic velocities for the xenoliths are in excellent agreement with the crustal structure model of Gettings et al. (1986) based on geophysical data from western Saudi Arabia. Estimation of mean lower crustal composition, using the granulite xenoliths and the Gettings et al. (1986) crustal model, suggests a remarkably homogeneous mafic lower crust, and an andesite or basaltic andesite bulk composition for Pan-African juvenile continental crust.
Femur fracture classification in women with a history of breast cancer.

Purpose Women with breast cancer are at increased risk for femur fracture. Contributing factors include estrogen deficiency, cancer-related therapies, or direct bone involvement. This study examines fracture subtypes in women with prior breast cancer experiencing a femur fracture.
An apparent shear zone trending north‐northwest across the Mojave Desert into Owens Valley, eastern California

Strain rates measured at four geodetic networks in eastern California situated between northern Owens Valley and Transverse Ranges along a small circle drawn about the Pacific-North America pole of rotation are remarkably consistent. Each exhibits 0.14 {mu}rad/yr simple right-lateral engineering-shear-strain accumulation across the local vertical plane tangent to the small circle. Local faults (e.g., Owens Valley, Garlock, Helendale) traversing these networks are not as closely aligned with the vertical planes of maximum shear-strain accumulation as is the local tangent to the small circle. A fifth network slightly east of the small circle shows no significant strain accumulation. Thus, a shear zone trending N35{degree}W from near the eastern end of the big bend of the San Andreas fault to northern Owens Valley is indicated by these data. This corresponds to the Eastern California shear zone proposed on geological evidence by Dokka and Travis. The shear zone carries {approximately}8 mm/yr of the Pacific-North America relative plate motion from the San Andreas fault north-northwest across the Mojave Desert into Owens Valley and the northern Basin and Range province. The shear zone observed at the surface may be a manifestation of a through-going subcrustal fault.
The Lewis number under supercritical conditions

An effective Lewis number is calculated for situations where temperature and mass fraction gradients are very large by defining effective thermal and mass diffusivities; such situations may occur in systems where there is more than one chemical component, and in particular under supercritical conditions. The definitions evolve from a model assuming that derivatives of certain functions are small with respect to those of the dependent variables. In the model, Soret and Dufour effects are included and Shvab–Zeldovich-like variables are defined to remove the coupling between the operators of the differential equations for temperature and mass fractions. Results from calculations using binary systems of chemical components, using both isolated fluid drops and interacting fluid drops, show that under supercritical conditions, depending upon the compounds, the effective Lewis number can be 2–40 times larger than the traditionally calculated Lewis number and that the spatial variation of the two numbers is different. For the values of the thermal diffusion factor used in the calculations, the Soret and Dufour effects are negligible; the discrepancy between the traditional and effective Lewis numbers is due to the combined effect of the small mass diffusion factor and the difference between the specific enthalpies of the two compounds. Parametric variations show that the effective Lewis number increases with increasing pressure and decreasing surrounding gas temperature. Closer drop proximity in clusters results in sharper peaks in the effective Lewis number due to the increased gradients of the dependent variables.
Source of extraterrestrial spheroids

Abstract Masses of magnetic spheroids were determined by means of an oscillating fiber microbalance. The wide range of densities found (1.33–6.45 g/cm 3 ) is caused mainly by the presence of internal cavities which were detected by X-ray photography. True densities were used to calculate the source of the measured flux of magnetic spheroids during the first part of October 1969. It was shown that different meteor showers contributed to the spheroid flux.
SORTING SYSTEMS BASED ON OPTICAL METHODS FOR DETECTING AND REMOVING SEEDS INFESTED INTERNALLY BY INSECTS OR FUNGI: A REVIEW*

Sorting systems based on optical methods have the potential to rapidly detect and physically remove seeds severely contaminated by fungi, or infested internally by insect larvae or pupae. Thus, the literature on sorting systems based on optical methods for detecting and sorting seeds with these attributes was reviewed. Sorting indices based on wavelengths useful for detecting these attributes were emphasized. Surface characteristics of seeds, like discoloration caused by fungi, are generally detectable in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum, whereas internal attributes are detectable in the near-infrared range. The spectral differences between sound and infested seeds are usually subtle, but full-spectrum and two-wavelength classification models have succeeded in detecting and classifying seeds based on these attributes. For high sorting accuracies, wavelength identification and proper selection of a sorting criterion are important. Color, chitin, ergosterol, or hydrolysis of triglycerides h...
Standing on the Shoulders of a Giant: We Will Miss Our Friend Samuel J. Hassenbusch, III, MD, PhD

![Graphic][1] Many giants have walked among us in the evolving field of pain medicine. Some have done bench research, while others have taught, cared for the suffering, and worked in the area of governmental and public relations to improve patient access to pain treatment. This article is dedicated to the memory of a truly unique physician who did all of the things noted above, and simultaneously shaped the practice of pain medicine by influencing a generation of physicians who will carry on the tradition of patient care that he epitomized. The authors of this article are proud to say that their careers were shaped in part by Dr. Sam Hassenbusch, and would like to reflect on this wonderful friend. Samuel “Sam” Hassenbusch, III, MD, PhD, lost his fight with glioblastoma multiforme on February 25, 2008, at home in the company of his beloved family. His family and the entire pain community deeply mourn his passing. We have lost one of our true shining stars. Many of us are familiar with Sam's publications, which have graced many journals including Pain Medicine , and have benefited from his oratory skills at many national and international meetings. Samuel was born on February 6, 1954 in St. Joseph, MO. As Sam grew up under the influence of his parents Samuel and Suzanne, he achieved high marks at school and excelled at everything he tried including playing both the violin and the trumpet, and becoming an Eagle Scout as he entered high school at Central High School. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Array Performance Characterization and Modeling for Real-Time Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems

Improvements in the methods used for photovoltaic (PV) system design, performance rating, and long-term monitoring are needed by the rapidly growing industry, as well as by the U. S. Department of Energy in evaluating progress by solar technology development initiatives. This paper describes an improved model for rating and monitoring PV array performance, discusses initial results from an outdoor laboratory designed to assist industry in optimizing system components and integration, and provides a brief discussion of the system performance metrics currently being used by the PV community.
Impaired sodium-evoked paraventricular nucleus neuronal activation and blood pressure regulation in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats lacking central Gαi2 proteins.

Aim We determined the role of brain Gαi2 proteins in mediating the neural and humoral responses of conscious male Sprague–Dawley rats to acute peripheral sodium challenge. Methods Rats pre-treated (24-h) intracerebroventricularly with a targeted oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) (25 μg per 5 μL) to downregulate brain Gαi2 protein expression or a scrambled (SCR) control ODN were challenged with an acute sodium load (intravenous bolus 3 m NaCl; 0.14 mL per 100 g), and cardiovascular parameters were monitored for 120 min. In additional groups, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) Fos immunoreactivity was examined at baseline, 40, and 100 min post-sodium challenge. Results In response to intravenous hypertonic saline (HS), no difference was observed in peak change in mean arterial pressure between groups. In SCR ODN pre-treated rats, arterial pressure returned to baseline by 100 min, while it remained elevated in Gαi2 ODN pre-treated rats (P < 0.05). No difference between groups was observed in sodium-evoked increases in Fos-positive magnocellular neurons or vasopressin release. V1a receptor antagonism failed to block the prolonged elevation of arterial pressure in Gαi2 ODN pre-treated rats. A significantly greater number of Fos-positive ventrolateral parvocellular, lateral parvocellular, and medial parvocellular neurons were observed in SCR vs. Gαi2 ODN pre-treated rats at 40 and 100 min post-HS challenge (P < 0.05). In SCR, but not Gαi2 ODN pre-treated rats, HS evoked suppression of plasma norepinephrine (P < 0.05). Conclusion This highlights Gαi2 protein signal transduction as a novel central mechanism acting to differentially influence PVN parvocellular neuronal activation, sympathetic outflow, and arterial pressure in response to acute HS, independently of actions on magnocellular neurons and vasopressin release.
On two-phase sediment transport: sheet flow of massive particles

A model is presented for concentrated sediment transport that is driven by strong, fully developed turbulent shear flows over a mobile bed. Balance equations for the average mass, momentum and energy for the two phases are phrased in terms of concentration–weighted (Favre averaged) velocities. Closures for the correlations between fluctuations in concentration and particle velocities are based on those for collisional grain flow. This is appropriate for particles that are so massive that their fall velocity exceeds the friction velocity of the turbulent fluid flow. Particular attention is given to the slow flow in the region of high concentration above the stationary bed. A failure criterion is introduced to determine the location of the stationary bed. The proposed model is solved numerically with a finite–difference algorithm in both steady and unsteady conditions. The predictions of sediment concentration and velocity are tested against experimental measurements that involve massive particles. The model is further employed to study several global features of sheet flow such as the total sediment transport rate in steady and unsteady conditions.
A Comparison of Etanercept vs. Infliximab for the Treatment of Post-Arrest Myocardial Dysfunction in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation

Abstract Aims To compare the effects of two TNF-α antagonists, etanercept and infliximab, on post-cardiac arrest hemodynamics and global left ventricular function (LV) in a swine model following ventricular fibrillation (VF). Methods Domestic swine ( n = 30) were placed under general anesthesia and instrumented before VF was induced electrically. After 7 min of VF, standard ACLS resuscitation was performed. Animals achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were randomized to immediately receive infliximab (5 mg/kg, n = 10) or etanercept (0.3 mg/kg [4 mg/m 2 ], n = 10) or vehicle (250 mL normal saline [NS], n = 10) and LV function and hemodynamics were monitored for 3 h. Results Following ROSC, mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke work (SW), and LV dP / dt fell from pre-arrest values in all groups. However, at the 30 min nadir, infliximab-treated animals had higher MAP than either the NS group (difference 14.4 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2–24.7) or the etanercept group (19.2 mm Hg, 95% CI 9.0–29.5), higher SW than the NS group (10.3 gm-m, 95% CI 5.1–15.5) or the etanercept group (8.9 gm-m, 95% CI 4.0–14.4) and greater LV dP / dt than the NS group (282.9 mm Hg/s, 95% CI 169.6–386.1 higher with infliximab) or the etanercep group (228.9 mm Hg/s, 95% CI 115.6–342.2 higher with infliximab). Conclusions Only infliximab demonstrated a beneficial effect on post cardiac arrest hemodynamics and LV function in this swine model. Etanercept was no better in this regard than saline.
IMPLIED VOLATILITY IN THE HULL–WHITE MODEL

We study the implied volatility KI(K) in the Hull-White model of option pricing, and obtain asymptotic formulas for this function as the strike price K tends to infinity or zero. We also prove that the function I is convex near zero and concave near infinity, and characterize the behavior of the first two derivatives of this function.
ASSOCIATION OF THE QRS DURATION ON THE RESTING ELECTROCARDIOGRAM WITH THE SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN 2,196 PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY FOR SUSPECTED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Introduction: To investigate the association between QRS duration on the resting electrocardiogram (ECG) with severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Material and methods: We investigated the prevalence of a QRS duration ≥ 120 ms on the resting ECG in patients with no CAD, nonobstructive CAD, 1-vessel obstructive CAD, 2-vessel obstructive CAD, and 3-vessel obstructive CAD undergoing coronary angiography for suspected CAD. The 2,196 patients included 1,291 men and 905 women, mean age 69 ±10 years, with suspected CAD. Nonobstructive CAD was diagnosed if there was 50% obstruction of at least 1 major coronary artery. Results: A QRS duration of ≥ 120 ms on the resting ECG was present in 30 of 220 patients (14%) with no CAD, in 44 of 276 patients (16%) with nonobstructive CAD, in 76 of 441 patients (17%) with 1-vessel CAD, in 99 of 464 patients (21%) with 2-vessel CAD, and in 217 of 795 patients (27%) with 3-vessel CAD (p < 0.001 comparing 5 with 1, 5 with 2, and 5 with 3; p < 0.02 comparing 5 with 4 and 4 with 1). Conclusions: The prevalence of a QRS duration ≥ 120 ms on the resting ECG increased with increasing severity of obstructive CAD.
Site-specific replacement of amino acid residues within the CD binding loop of rat oncomodulin.

Relative to the same site in oncomodulin, the CD ion-binding domain of rat parvalbumin exhibits much greater affinity for Ca2+ and Mg2+. As part of an effort to understand the structural basis for these differences, site-specific variants of oncomodulin have been prepared in which the amino acid residues at positions 52, 54, 57, 59, and 60 have been replaced with the residues present at the corresponding positions in rat parvalbumin. The proteins resulting from the single-site substitutions at residues 52, 54, and 57 are indistinguishable from the wild-type protein on the basis Eu3+ luminescence spectroscopy, and none of the three variants displays increased affinity for Ca2+. By contrast, the substitutions at residues 59 and 60 perturb both the Eu3+ luminescence parameters and the Ca2+ and Mg2+ affinities, and these differences are amplified when both replacements are simultaneously incorporated into the protein. The Eu3+ 7F0—-5D0 spectrum of the double variant (D59E/G60E) at pH 5.0, with a maximum at 5796 A and pronounced shoulder at 5791 A, strongly resembles that obtained with pike parvalbumin. Consistent with this increased parvalbumin-like character, KCa is decreased from 0.78 microM (for the wild-type protein) to 0.41 microM, and KMg is decreased from 3.5 to 0.74 mM. Nevertheless, the affinity of the CD ion-binding domain in D59E/G60E for Ca2+ remains almost 2 orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding site in rat parvalbumin, strongly suggesting that residues besides those present in the binding loop are involved in dictating the metal ion-binding properties of the oncomodulin CD site.
Self-reported sleep disturbance is associated with lower CD4 count and 24-h urinary dopamine levels in ethnic minority women living with HIV.

Summary Background Sleep disturbance is associated with dopamine dysregulation, which can negatively impact immune status. Individuals living with HIV experience more sleep difficulties, and poor sleep may compound immune decrements associated with HIV infection. Little research has examined associations between sleep, dopamine, and immune status (CD4 count) in individuals with HIV. As ethnic minority women living with HIV (WLWH) are at heightened risk for HIV disease progression, we related sleep reports to both CD4 count and dopamine levels in a cohort of ethnic minority WLWH. Methods Participants were 139 low-income WLWH (ages 20–62; 78.3% African-American or Caribbean) who reported both overall sleep quality and sleep disturbance on the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). CD4 count and HIV viral load were measured via morning peripheral venous blood samples, and concentrations of dopamine were measured via 24-h urine collection. Covariates included HIV viral load, length of time since HIV diagnosis, HAART adherence, perceived stress and depression. Results After controlling for all covariates, greater sleep disturbance was associated with significantly lower CD4 count (β = −.20, p = .03) and lower levels of dopamine (β = −.25, p = .04). Poorer overall sleep quality was marginally associated with lower CD4 count (β = −.16, p = .08), and was not associated with dopamine. Conclusion Our analyses suggest that sleep disturbance is independently related with immune status and dopamine levels in WLWH. Lower levels of dopamine may indicate neuroendocrine dysregulation and may impact immune and health status. Results highlight sleep disturbance rather than overall sleep quality as potentially salient to neuroendocrine and immune status in ethnic minority WLWH.