cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does strategic planning create value? The stock market’s belief

This article addresses a key issue: is strategic planning rewarded by the stock market? Using event‐study methodology, this article examined the market values of companies during the time period that they revealed information about their strategic planning focus, function or orientation. The results indicate that the stock market favors the long range‐planning horizon adopted by companies.
Size Estimation Versus Figural Ratings of Body Image Disturbance: Relation to Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Dysfunction

The current investigation compared several different measures of body image disturbance in college males and females. Measures of perceptual size overestimation, figure rating preferences, and questionnaire indices of body dissatisfaction and eating disturbance were collected. Subjects also rated body sizes based on ideal, affective, and cognitive/rational rating protocols. The results revealed little connection between indices of perceptual overestimation and body dissatisfaction or eating dysfunction. Alternatively, figural ratings were strongly associated with these measures. Regression analyses revealed that body dissatisfaction and figural discrepancy measures were highly related to eating disturbance for both males and females. In addition, discrepancies based on affective versus cognitive/rational rating protocols explained unique variance associated with eating disturbance. The findings are discussed with regard to the need to conduct a multifaceted assessment of body image disturbance.
Incorporation of fucose into HeLa cell plasma membranes during the cell cycle.

Abstract The metabolism of HeLa cell plasma membranes during the cell cycle was studied by following the incorporation of radioactive precursor l -[ 3 H]fucose into plasma membranes of synchronized cells. Maximal incorporation of the radioactive precursor was observed in late S phase of the cell cycle. This discrete period of increased incorporation of precursor into the plasma membranes implies the existence of a distinct control mechanism which may relate cell surface phenomena to the cell cycle.
Hospital-based health care use correlates with incidence of adverse events among elderly Medicare patients treated in adjuvant chemotherapy trials (Alliance 70802)

Abstract Objective Medicare claims can be useful in chemotherapy-related comparative effectiveness research (CER) estimating survival, but methods for estimating patients' treatment morbidity are currently lacking. We sought to determine if patients' health care use in the claims is a marker of treatment morbidity. Materials and Methods For 249 elderly Medicare patients with breast or colon cancer who were treated in two adjuvant clinical trials, we merged patients' National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTC AEs) trial data with their contemporaneous Medicare claims. We estimated associations of patients' grade ≥ 3 CTC AE counts and their use of two types of hospital-based health care in claims (i.e., emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalizations). Results ER visits and hospitalizations were significantly positively associated with grade ≥ 3 CTC AE counts incurred by patients during the study. Eight percent of patients without any grade ≥ 3 CTC AEs had one or more hospitalizations during the observation period compared to 43% of patients with three or more grade ≥ 3 CTC AEs (p Conclusions Because hospitalization is strongly associated with clinically significant toxicity it may be a useful outcome for Medicare claim-based CER comparing treatment morbidity for elderly patients receiving different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.
Cu(II) binding by a pH-fractionated fulvic acid

Abstract The relationship between acidity, Cu(II) binding and sorption to XAD resin was examined using Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA). The work was based on the hypothesis that fractions of SRFA eluted from an XAD column at various pH’s from 1.0 to 12.0 would show systematic variations in acidity and possibly aromaticity which in turn would lead to different Cu(II) binding properties. We measured equilibrium Cu(II) binding to these fractions using Cu 2+ ion-selective electrode (ISE) potentiometry at pH 6.0. Several model ligands were also examined, including cyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid (CP-TCA) and tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (THF-TCA), the latter binding Cu(II) much more strongly as a consequence of the ether linkage. The SRFA Cu(II) binding properties agreed with previous work at high ionic strength, and binding was enhanced substantially at lower ionic strength, in agreement with Poisson–Boltzmann predictions for small spheres. Determining Cu binding constants ( K i ) by non-linear regression with total ligand concentrations ( L T i ) taken from previous work, the fractions eluted at varying pH had K i similar to the unfractionated SRFA, with a maximum enhancement of 0.50 log units. We conclude that variable-pH elution from XAD does not isolate significantly strong (or weak) Cu(II)-binding components from the SRFA mixture.
Influence of fulvic acid on the removal of trace concentrations of cadmium(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) from water by alum coagulation

Abstract The effectiveness of Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ removal from solution by alum coagulation was measured with fulvic acid present and absent. A factorial experimental design and analysis of variance were used to determine the effect on metal ion removal of the individual variables pH, metal ion concentration, alum concentration and fulvic acid concentration and their combinations. The variable levels model water treatment plant conditions. Metal ion losses up to 96% for Cu 2+ . 59% for Cd 2+ and 82% for Zn z+ were measured in the presence of fulvic acid. In its absence the maximum metal ion losses observed were 93%, 14% and 53% for Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ respectively. Fulvic acid enhances metal ion removal under most experimental conditions. The practical implication of the results is that strong complexes between natural water organic matter and metal ions enhance their removal by the alum coagulation process.
Global Energy Confinement Scaling Predictions for Tandem Mirrors

For an MHD stable system, we investigate the interplay between drift wave (ETG and gyro-Bohm) radial transport and axial losses in the GAMMA-10 experimental facility and the proposed kinetically stabilized tandem mirror (KSTM) fusion reactor. Numerical coefficients in the models are taken to be consistent with tokamak and stellarator databases. The trade off between radial losses and the Pastukhov end losses is examined. We propose the use of a genetic algorithm to optimize the fusion power amplification Q = P fusion/P injected as a function of the key system parameters.
Multidimensional Self Concept Validation: A Three-Instrument Investigation

Sixty-five fifth- and sixth-grade students were administered three measures of self concept (self esteem) to explore instrument equivalence, investigate differences between the construct of self co...
Thermal Analysis of Laser-Densified Dental Porcelain Bodies: Modeling and Experiments

Thermal analysis of laser densification of a dental porcelain powder bed has been investigated using a three-dimensional thermal finite element model, which encompasses (i) the incoming laser beam power with a Gaussian distribution, (ii) optical pyrometer simulation in addition to the closed-loop temperature control, (iii) powder-to-solid transition, (iv) temperature-dependent thermal convection, and (v) temperature and porosity-dependent thermal conduction and radiation. The simulation results are compared with the experiments. It is found that the predicted temperature distribution in the porcelain body matches the experiments very well. Further, the maximum discrepancy between experimental and simulated pyrometer temperatures is less than 8 percent. The simulation predicts that in order to achieve the desired microstructure of a dense dental porcelain body, the maximum local temperature during laser densification should be below 1573 K or the nominal surface temperature should be below 1273 K. Otherwise, the undesired microstructure (i.e., a leucite-free glass phase) forms.
Task-dependent changes of intracortical inhibition

The motor-evoked potential (MEP) to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is inhibited when preceded by a subthreshold TMS stimulus at short intervals (1–6 ms; intracortical inhibition, ICI) and is facilitated when preceded by a subthreshold TMS at longer intervals (10–15 ms; intracortical facilitation, ICF). We studied changes in ICI and ICF associated with two motor tasks requiring a different selectivity in fine motor control of small hand muscles (abductor pollicis brevis muscle, APB, and fourth dorsal interosseous muscle, 4DIO). In experiment 1 (exp. 1), nine healthy subjects completed four sets (5 min duration each) of repetitive (1 Hz) thumb movements. In experiment 2 (exp. 2), the subjects produced the same number of thumb movements, but complete relaxation of 4DIO was demanded. Following free thumb movements (exp. 1), amplitudes of MEPs in response to both single and paired TMS showed a trend to increase with the number of exercise sets in both APB and 4DIO. By contrast, more focal, selective thumb movementsinvolving APB with relaxation of 4DIO (exp. 2) caused an increase in MEP amplitudes after single and paired pulses only in APB, while a marked decrease in MEPs after paired pulses, but not after single TMS, in the actively relaxed 4DIO. This effect was more prominent for the interstimulus interval (ISI) of 1–3 ms than for longer ISIs (8 ms, 10 ms, and 15 ms). F-wave amplitudes reflecting excitability of the alpha motoneuron pool were unaltered in APB and 4DIO, suggesting a supraspinal origin for the observed changes. We conclude that plastic changes of ICI and ICF within the hand representation vary according to the selective requirements of the motor program. Performance of more focal tasks may be associated with a decrease in ICI in muscles engaged in the training task, while at the same time ICI may be increased in an actively relaxed muscle, also required for a focal performance. Additionally, our data further supports the idea that ICI and ICF may be controlled independently.
Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Lower Extremity Neurogenic Problems

Electrodiagnosis is a powerful tool for evaluating lower extremity disorders that stem from the peripheral nervous system. Electrodiagnostic testing can help differentiate neurogenic versus non-neurogenic causes of complaints such as pain, weakness, and paresthesias. It can help practitioners pinpoint the anatomic location and reveal the underlying pathology in peripheral nerve lesions. This article focuses on the electrodiagnostic evaluation of neurogenic processes that present as foot and ankle symptoms.
Inhibition of mouse liver protein and nuclear RNA synthesis following combined oral treatment with sodium nitrite and dimethylamine or methylbenzylamine.

Orale Gabe von Dimethylamin oder Methylbenzylamin zusammen mit Natriumnitrit bewirkte eine synergistische Hemmung der Protein-Synthese in der Leber von Mausen. Ausserdem hemmte die kombinierte Gabe von Dimethylamin und Nitrit synergistisch die Synthese nuklearer RNS in der Leber.
Predicting Foreign Exchange Directional Moves: Can Simple Fundamentals Help?

Researchers have documented that economic fundamentals provide poor predictions of future exchange rates. The authors ask instead how well basic models of foreign exchange determination predict the direction of future exchange rate changes. The forward rate is consistently a poor predictor of the direction of the future spot exchange rate across different currencies, time periods, and term lengths. The authors also find, however, that after 1984, a purchasing power parity equilibrium exchange rate predicts the future direction of the spot rate quite well. This is especially the case when the equilibrium exchange rate implied by purchasing power parity diverges strongly from the spot rate. These results indicate that investors should pay attention to purchasing power parity exchange rates as indicative of future directional changes in exchange rates.
Toward efficient spatial variation decomposition via sparse regression

In this paper, we propose a new technique to accurately decompose process variation into two different components: (1) spatially correlated variation, and (2) uncorrelated random variation. Such variation decomposition is important to identify systematic variation patterns at wafer and/or chip level for process modeling, control and diagnosis. We demonstrate that spatially correlated variation carries a unique sparse signature in frequency domain. Based upon this observation, an efficient sparse regression algorithm is applied to accurately separate spatially correlated variation from uncorrelated random variation. An important contribution of this paper is to develop a fast numerical algorithm that reduces the computational time of sparse regression by several orders of magnitude over the traditional implementation. Our experimental results based on silicon measurement data demonstrate that the proposed sparse regression technique can capture spatially correlated variation patterns with high accuracy. The estimation error is reduced by more than 3.5× compared to other traditional methods.
A continuous isokinetic gas/mist sampler for flue stream extractive analysis

A special-purpose stream sampler is required for the automated and continuous extractive analysis of saturated mist-laden flue gas streams. Isokinetic sampling is essential for those applications in which the analyte molecules are miscible in or otherwise associated with the mist droplets. Essentially, continuous isokinetic sampling is accomplished over a 30- to 60-ft/s flue stream velocity range by a heated sampling probe through which a large sample (approx.50 to 100 L/min) is pumped solely by the flue stream dynamic pressure and returned directly to the flue. The probe geometry and dimensions are configured to permit the probe pressure losses experienced by the sample stream to vary in proportion to the flue stream dynamic pressure. As the sample flows through the probe, it is heated, and the mist droplets are vaporized by the energy from the probe wall, which is maintained at 340/sup 0/F. Near the probe exit and prior to return of the sample stream to the flue, a second probe extracts continuously a small fraction of the sample stream for further processing, if required, and subsequent analysis. Efficient sample transport through the heated probe is attained by vaporization of the mist droplets and liquid phase altogether, which precludes the formationmore » of absorbing wetted-wall surfaces.« less
Error introduced by small reflection coefficients in permeability constants obtained by hemolysis

Abstract In 1933, M. H. Jacobs (J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 4, 161–183) developed the theoretical basis for calculating permeability constants of nonelectrolyts passively penetrating erythrocytes from experimentally determined hemolysis times in isotonic solutions of penetrating solute. This derivation had assumed that the reflection coefficient σ = 1, whereas, usually 0 σ r (r+1) 2 = r o (r o +σ 2 ) 2 where r = ( k 1 k 2 ), the apparent ratio of solute permeability constant ( k 1 ) to osmotic volume flow constant of water ( k 2 ) as determined by the Jacobs approach; and r o = ( ω Lpc s ), the ratio of the true permeability constant ( ω ) to the osmotic flow calculated from the product of the pressure-filtration coefficient ( Lp ) and the concentration gradient ( c s ). The correct ratio may be expressed as a function of the apparent ratio: r o = B± B 2 −σ 4 where B = (r+1) 2 2r −σ 2 For large or small values of r , simpler approximations may be used: r ≫ 1, r o ≈ r r ≪ 1, r o ≈ σ 4 r These provide σ > 0.4 and r > 10 or r Corrections for σ K 1 k 2 permeability constants of ethylene glycol, glycerol and propanol for bovine erythrocytes. The σ values for monoacetin and diacetin are predicted to be 0.7 and 0.6, respectively, on the basis of the deriviation of their ( k 1 k 2 ) constant from the relationship to partition coefficient and vapor pressure.
Integrated atomistic modelling of interstitial defect growth in silicon

A new theoretical approach that combines Metropolis Monte Carlo, tight-binding molecular dynamics, and density functional theory calculations is introduced as an efficient technique to determine the structure and stability of native defects in crystalline silicon. Based on this combined approach, the growth behaviour of self-interstitial defects in crystalline Si is presented. New stable structures for small interstitial clusters (I n , 5 ≤ n ≤ 16) are determined and show that the compact geometry appears favoured when the cluster size is smaller than 10 atoms (n < 10). The fourfold-coordinated dodeca-interstitial (I12) structure with C 2h symmetry is identified as an effective nucleation centre for larger extended defects. This work provides the first theoretical support for earlier experiments that suggest a shape transition from compact to elongated structures around n = 10. We also provide some theoretical evidence that suggests that {3 1 1} extended defects grow slowly along ⟨2 3 3⟩ and relatively fa...
Habitat ecology of chironomid larvae of the big thicket streams

Chironomid larvae were collected from streams in the Big Thicket area of East Texas from November, 1981 to October, 1982. Primary stations were sampled monthly and secondary stations bi-annually. Samples of leaf debris, wood debris, and sand were taken from each station and the chironomid larvae occupying the substrates were analyzed.
Mating system and demographic constraints on the opportunity for sexual selection

Abstract In monogamous systems the fitness difference between males due to competition for mates is limited to one female. This constraint presumably impedes the action of sexual selection relative to polygynous systems. In this paper, we use formal selection theory to show how population size and the adult sex ratio constrain the force of sexual selection and phenotypic evolution under monogamy and polygyny. The force of sexual selection is ultimately constrained by the number of males in a population and the theoretical limit to the rate of male phenotypic evolution is realized if a single male mates with one or many females. These results imply that the force of sexual selection is not strictly constrained by monogamy. The constraint on female phenotypic evolution is typically higher than the constraint on males under polygyny and similar to selection on males in monogamous systems. The sexual asymmetry in the force of selection under polygyny—not necessarily weak sexual selection on males of monogamous systems—may explain the prominence of sexual dimorphism in polygynous systems.
Predicting treatment response in castration-resistant prostate cancer: Could androgen receptor variant-7 hold the key?

There is an emerging interest in understanding mechanisms of response and resistance to next-generation hormonal therapies: abiraterone and enzalutamide. While many explanations for resistance to these agents have been postulated, the importance of androgen receptor splice variants is gaining momentum. Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants are constitutively active isoforms of the AR that lack the ligand-binding domain yet retain their transcriptional activity in a ligand-independent fashion. Of these, AR variant-7 may be the most important, and has been implicated in primary resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide in men with advanced prostate cancer. In this editorial, the clinical relevance of AR splice variant-7 (AR-V7) will be reviewed within the context of AR-directed therapies, and next steps for the analytical and clinical validation of this potential biomarker will be proposed.
Vital-dye enhanced fluorescence imaging of GI mucosa: metaplasia, neoplasia, inflammation.

Background Confocal endomicroscopy has revolutionized endoscopy by offering subcellular images of the GI epithelium; however, the field of view is limited. Multiscale endoscopy platforms that use widefield imaging are needed to better direct the placement of high-resolution probes. Design Feasibility study. Objective This study evaluated the feasibility of a single agent, proflavine hemisulfate, as a contrast medium during both widefield and high-resolution imaging to characterize the morphologic changes associated with a variety of GI conditions. Setting The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, and Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York. Patients, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measurements Resected specimens were obtained from 15 patients undergoing EMR, esophagectomy, or colectomy. Proflavine hemisulfate, a vital fluorescent dye, was applied topically. The specimens were imaged with a widefield multispectral microscope and a high-resolution microendoscope. The images were compared with histopathologic examination. Results Widefield fluorescence imaging enhanced visualization of morphology, including the presence and spatial distribution of glands, glandular distortion, atrophy, and crowding. High-resolution imaging of widefield abnormal areas revealed that neoplastic progression corresponded to glandular heterogeneity and nuclear crowding in dysplasia, with glandular effacement in carcinoma. These widefield and high-resolution image features correlated well with the histopathologic features. Limitations This imaging approach must be validated in vivo with a larger sample size. Conclusions Multiscale proflavine-enhanced fluorescence imaging can delineate epithelial changes in a variety of GI conditions. Distorted glandular features seen with widefield imaging could serve as a critical bridge to high-resolution probe placement. An endoscopic platform combining the two modalities with a single vital dye may facilitate point-of-care decision making by providing real-time, in vivo diagnoses.
Anaphylaxis to stinging insect with myocardial infarction: A case report

Abstract Rationale Anaphylaxis to Hymenoptera venom with associated coronary vasospasm and infarction has been reported rarely. Method Case Report: We present a previously healthy 25 year old black male painter who developed myocardial infarction following alleged sting to the right neck area. Results On the day of admission he was stung while painting at a construction site by a single wasp in the right nuchal region with swelling of both lips within the hour. He was transported to the ER and was unconscious on arrival. He was intubated within 2 hours of presentation and admitted to the ICU after he was given Epi nephrine 0.3 cc 1/1000 subcutaneously and then a second dose down the endotracheal tube. He was given Benadryl 100mg q6h and Decadron 24mg initially then 8mg q8hIVas well as O2 assistance. Labsy) His EKG within 21/2 post admission demonstrated ST/T wave changes consistent with anterior lateral septal wall myocardial infarction with nonspecific ST-T wave changes. He had an ECHO consistent with hypokinesis and anterior/lateral wall septal infarction confirmed by cardiology. His CPK was initially 149u/l (elevated)on the day of admission within 2 hours it was 212u/l with MBSC initially 1.2nanograms/ml on admission then 6.8nanograms/ml within 2hours post admission. Troponin I was undetectable on admission then 11.4 nanograms/ml within 2 hours. He was discharged after 48hours with a normal physical exam. RAST IgE to yellow jacket from one day post admission was 4.41 KU/L (3.5-17.5KU/L antibody level high by QuestDiagnostics Wallingford, CT) class 3, white faced hornet 3.34ku/l (class2), yellow faced hornet 5.48ku/l(class3), paper wasp 2.27ku/l (class2). Conclusion We have presented a case of venom anaphylaxis with myocardial infarction.
A review of the effects of prostaglandins on sexual behavior in boars

Abstract Artificial insemination (AI) is the primary method of breeding sows in many countries worldwide. In general, semen for AI is collected using the gloved hand technique from boars trained to mount an artificial sow, although automated collection systems have been developed and are in use on some operations. The proportion of selected boars that are successfully trained for semen collection and the rapidity in which training occurs impacts efficiency in operations supplying semen for commercial sow units. An accumulating body of research suggests that injections of prostaglandins may be a useful tool for accelerating the process by which boars are trained for semen collection and may restore libido in older, already trained boars that are displaying decreased sex drive. In some experiments, however, prostaglandin therapy failed to alter libido and variation in effectiveness of the compound could be related to genetics, age or weight of boars, different products or doses of products employed, or some undetermined management practices. Thus, the compounds should be used judiciously and with veterinary consultation. Whether prostaglandins play a physiological role in controlling male sexual behavior in swine and the mechanisms by which pharmacological manipulation of circulating concentrations of prostaglandin enhance libido are largely unresolved and warrant further scrutiny.
Influence of precipitation phase on the form of mountain ranges

Observations of precipitation fall speeds and precipitation patterns suggest that precipitation phase (rain versus snow) is a significant control on the relationship between precipitation patterns and topography, due to the potential for increased downwind advection of snow relative to rain. A coupled model of orographic precipitation and surface erosion shows that for a range of climate variables, steady-state precipitation patterns vary from nearly uniform and maximizing over the highest topography, to highly spatially variable, closely coupled to topography and reaching a maximum on low slopes. Precipitation patterns are a first-order control on modeled range scale and ridge-valley scale relief, channel concavity, and the position of the drainage divide. An association between cool climates, spatially uniform precipitation, and efficient erosion of high topography is indicated. The importance of precipitation phase to the evolution of precipitation patterns and topography further demonstrates the fundamental importance of the coupled climate, erosion, and tectonic system in the evolution of mountain topography.
PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF THE SIMILES PREFERENCE INVENTORY

Recently, Pearson, and Maddi (1966) presented evidence that the Similes Preference Inventory (SPI) may serve as a rapid screening device for assessing tendency toward variety. An inspection of the task posed by the SPI suggested the alternative hypothesis that preferential judgment for the ending to common similes (e.g., Hot as . . .) is linked to established traits within the personality sphere. Specifically, the purpose of the srudy was to investigate the relationship between performance on the SPI and the Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF) Questionnaire. The SPI, 54 multiple-choice items, was administered to 162 (76 male, 86 female) undergraduates at Western Washington State College. Each item was scored on a fivepoint scale proposed by Pearson and Maddi (1966) yielding results whereby low total score indicated a tendency to select usual and common place endings to common similes, while a high total score indicated a tendency to select unusual and novel alternatives. A basic set of source traits in the personality sphere was measured with the 16 PF (Cattell & Eber, 1964) ; both Forms A and B were administered for maximum dependability of measurement (Meredith, 1966). At the first-order level, seven factors on the 16 PF correlated significantly with SPI total score. When these findings were ordered from most salient to least salient, tendency toward variety was associated with being imaginative (M+; r = .35, p < .01), assertive (E+; r = .27, p < .01), expedient (G-; r = -.25, p < .01), tender-minded (I+; r = .24, p < .01), sell-sufficient (Qcf; 7 = .19, p < .05), experimenting (QL+; r = .17, p < .05), and abstract-thinking (B+; r = .17, p < .05). In addition, standard weights for estimating S's endowment on the higher-order factors of the 16 PF were applied to transform Ss sten (standard 10-point) scores on the primaries to sten scores on the secondaries. In terms of the seven major higher-order factors, tendency toward variety was significantly relared to independence (r = .37, p < .01) and creativity (r = .28, p < .01). The remaining broad factors (anxiety, extraversion, tough poise, neurolicism, and leadership) were unrelated to SPI performance. The pattern of relationships suggests that preference for unusual simile endings is indicative of a self-directing, imaginative, flexible, and innovative type of person. However, the magnitude of the relationships portends caution in over-generalizing from the SPI to the "real world." The present writer would concur with Pearson and Maddi (1966, p. 308) that a good deal of research is needed to support the clinical use of the instrument.
Insertion of tetracysteine motifs into dopamine transporter extracellular domains.

The neuronal dopamine transporter (DAT) is a major determinant of extracellular dopamine (DA) levels and is the primary target for a variety of addictive and therapeutic psychoactive drugs. DAT is acutely regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) activation and amphetamine exposure, both of which modulate DAT surface expression by endocytic trafficking. In order to use live imaging approaches to study DAT endocytosis, methods are needed to exclusively label the DAT surface pool. The use of membrane impermeant, sulfonated biarsenic dyes holds potential as one such approach, and requires introduction of an extracellular tetracysteine motif (tetraCys; CCPGCC) to facilitate dye binding. In the current study, we took advantage of intrinsic proline-glycine (Pro-Gly) dipeptides encoded in predicted DAT extracellular domains to introduce tetraCys motifs into DAT extracellular loops 2, 3, and 4. [3H]DA uptake studies, surface biotinylation and fluorescence microscopy in PC12 cells indicate that tetraCys insertion into the DAT second extracellular loop results in a functional transporter that maintains PKC-mediated downregulation. Introduction of tetraCys into extracellular loops 3 and 4 yielded DATs with severely compromised function that failed to mature and traffic to the cell surface. This is the first demonstration of successful introduction of a tetracysteine motif into a DAT extracellular domain, and may hold promise for use of biarsenic dyes in live DAT imaging studies.
Metastable, drawing-induced crystallization in As2Se3 fibers

Abstract Pulsed 75 As nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) experiments performed on rapidly-drawn (>100 m/min) fibers of As2Se3 reveal structure which differs from the bulk, well-annealed glass. In addition to the presence of As–As bonds in the nominally stoichiometric fibers, a distorted `crystalline' phase occurs at the greatest draw rates. Like the Ge–Se–S system, this phase probably involves more ordered local molecular clusters whose sizes are not yet well-determined. Because these crystalline regions are highly distorted compared to bulk, crystalline As2Se3, they are not observable by X-ray spectroscopy except in a few cases. On the other hand, the NQR experiments show the presence of crystalline regions. In all cases, the crystalline phase makes up less than 5% of the volume. In addition to being strained, the imbedded crystallites partially `anneal' to the amorphous phase over time when stored at 300 K. This annealing behavior is similar to that which exists in the Ge–Se–S system, but different from the `photo-induced amorphization' recently reported for evaporated AsSe films.
New abridged life tables for Peru: 1940, 1950–51, and 1961

La construccion de tablas de mortalidad en Peru tropieza con inconvenientes de informacion estadistica: (a) solo en los censos de 1950 y 1961 se dispone de la poblacion clasificado por sexo y edades; (b) el alto porcentaje de omision en el registro de defunciones imposibilita la utilizacion de las mismas. Por este ultimo hecho, la construccion de las tablas de mortalidad en los anos con informacion censal se ha realizado mediante un metodo basado en la teoria de las poblaciones estables, el cual considera la distribucion proporcional de la poblacion por grupos de edades y la tasa de crecimiento de la poblacion.
X-ray microanalysis of a hafnium carbide film oxidized at high temperature☆

Abstract During the examination of a hafnium carbide film after exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere at 2060 °C, it was discovered that it contained a layer of fine-grained material, consisting of hafnium, carbon and oxygen, between the residual unoxidized hafnium carbide and the outer oxide. In a scanning electron microscope equipped with a windowless X-ray detector, microanalysis of the film cross-section as a function of position revealed that the ratios of the intensities of the X-ray peaks of the three elements of this interlayer were surprisingly constant from the sharply delineated carbide-interlayer interface to the interlayer-oxide interface. Thus, the new material appears to be a hafnium oxycarbide of well-defined composition.
Fetal and Neonatal Leukemia

The biological and clinical characteristics of perinatal leukemia differ significantly from those of leukemia in older children, and the prognosis is generally bleak. Once complete remission is achieved, neonates with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) fare much better than those with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The results of this study suggest that age, sex, type of leukemia, and cytogenetic findings have a strong influence on outcome. Neonates, particularly females, with pre-B ALL have a much worse prognosis than neonates and older children with this disease. Transient leukemia in the Down syndrome neonate is associated with significant morbidity; close follow-up is recommended for at least the first 3 years of life because of the potential of developing acute leukemia, particularly AMKL (M7). The purpose of this review is to focus on the fetus and neonate in an attempt to determine the various ways leukemia differs clinically and morphologically from the disease occurring in older infants and children and to demonstrate that certain types of leukemia have a poor prognosis compared with those occurring in older children.
Military enterprise and technological change: perspectives on the American experience

Building "star wars" weapons systems, so the opposing arguments run, will either conscript technological development and divert it from the civilian economy-or it will further spur "high" technology innovations that will benefit everyone. Either way, this is only the most recent example of the complex military-industrial conflict/symbiosis that has spanned American history, but that has not been subjected to thorough study and debate until recent years. In this book, historians of technology bring their special expertise to probing the influence of the military on technological development over a broad range of history and in a variety of cases. Bracketed by Merritt Roe Smith's overview and Alex Roland's bibliographic review, the case studies explore the relationship between Army ordnance and the development of the "American system" of manufacturing; the Army Corp of Engineers and the origin of modern management in the course of the expansion of the railroads; the Navy's adoption of the radio; Henry Ford's attempt to apply his mass-production methods to military ends in the building of the Eagle Boat; the Army's first large-scale employment of social scientists during World War II and their role in shaping the postwar research agenda; the Army Signal Corp's entrepreneurial role in the development of the transistor; the Navy's far-flung and well-funded postwar research and development program; and the social implications of military and "scientific" management styles, in particular the efforts to militarize management practices in the civilian sector. The case studies are the work of David K. Allison, Peter Buck, Susan J. Douglas, David A. Hounshell, Thomas J. Misa, David F. Noble,Charles F. O'Connell, Jr., and the editor, Merritt Roe Smith, who is Professor of The History of Technology in the Program in Science, Technology, and Society at MIT.
Size and stability in the modern great power system

The theoretical question under consideration is the relationship between the size of the international system and its stability. After several alternative conceptualizations are examined, size is defined as the number of individual Great Powers and stability is conceptualized as relatively infrequent and limited wars. Hypotheses linking stability to size are then tested for the last five centuries of the modern Great Power system using the author's compilation of war data. Neither the frequency, magnitude, nor severity of war indicators show any increasing, decreasing, or curvilinear relationship with the number of Powers, demonstrating that the stability of the modern Great Power system has been independent of the size of the system.
Splenic metastases from caecal carcinoma: Diagnostic considerations and therapeutic strategy

INTRODUCTION The spleen is a highly vascular organ and is in close proximity to many potential primary sites such as the stomach, breast, pancreas and colon. It is however an unusual site for metastatic disease. The reasons for this are not fully understood at the present time. A number of hypotheses have been postulated. Definitive diagnosis and subsequent treatment of metastatic disease to the spleen presents a number of challenges for the surgeon and the wider multi disciplinary team.
Asymmetric convergence in US financial credit default swap sector index markets

Abstract This study examines the asymmetric adjustments to the long-run equilibrium for credit default swap (CDS) sector indexes of three financial sectors – banking, financial services and insurance – in the presence of a threshold effect. The results of the momentum-threshold autoregression (M-TAR) models demonstrate that asymmetric cointegration exists for all pairs comprised of those three CDS indexes. The speeds of adjustment in the long-run are much higher in the case of adjustments from below the threshold than from above for all the pairs. The estimates of The MTAR-VEC models suggest that the dual CDS index return in each sector pair participates in the adjustment to equilibrium in the short- and long-run taken together. But in the long-run alone, only one of the two spreads in each pair participates. Policy implications are also provided.
Hiring Practices in Dental Education: Comparison of Top- and Lower-Ranked Schools

The ten top-ranked dental schools, as indicated in The Gourman Report, had hired significantly more faculty members from among their own graduates (Mdn=42.5%) than had ten randomly selected lower-ranked dental schools (Mdn=19.6%). However, the proportions of faculty members hired by the ten top-ranked dental schools from graduates of the top-ranked schools other than their own (Mdn=15.9%) were nearly identical to the proportions of faculty members hired by the lower-ranked schools from graduates of the ten top-ranked schools (Mdn=17.2%). Both top-ranked and lower-ranked schools showed wide variations in their tendencies to hire faculty from top-ranked schools. Some variables that might account for these variations in hiring practices are noted.
Natural selection and the elusiveness of happiness.

The quest for happiness has expanded from a focus on relieving suffering to also considering how to promote happiness. However, both approaches have yet to be conducted in an evolutionary framework...
Development of a U.S. Nuclear Waste Repository Research Program in Salt

With the United States rethinking its strategy for the management and disposal of defense high-level radioactive waste and civilian used nuclear fuel (UNF), it is an opportune time to evaluate the ...
The Comparative Value of Five Calcium Sources for Laying Hens

Abstract Supplemental calcium sources for Red × Rock sex-linked females were studied. Each of six treatments involved seven replicates of 24 birds or a total of 168 birds per treatment. Beginning at 33 weeks of age, the supplemental calcium in the diets was supplied by 1) granular limestone, 2) aragonite, 3) oyster shell, 4) clam shell, 5) egg shell and 6) egg shell with ration modification to utilize the protein in the egg shell meal. There were statistically significant supplemental calcium source differences among treatment means in overall hen-day but not in overall hen-housed egg production or in feed efficiency, livability, body weight, egg weight, or egg shell thickness at any age sampled. Haugh unit values for the group receiving aragonite as the supplemental calcium source were significantly greater than for the groups receiving clam shells or limestone at 56 weeks of age but at the other ages sampled, no significant treatment differences existed.
Building large microkinetic models with first-principles׳ accuracy at reduced computational cost

Abstract We present a systematic hierarchical multiscale framework for parameterization of large microkinetic models that delivers first-principles׳ accuracy at significantly reduced computational cost. The framework leverages recently introduced first-principles-based semi-empirical methods (FPSEM), such as group additivity and Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) relations, for surface reactions, local sensitivity analysis, and a heuristic classification of the order of corrections to produce a hierarchy or family of models of improved accuracy. We demonstrate this approach to the moderate size ethanol steam reforming mechanism on Pt, consisting of 67 species (14 gas, 53 surface) and 160 reversible elementary-like reactions, for which the ‘exact’ density functional theory (DFT)-based model is available. We find that the majority of refined parameters are surface species free energies and lateral interactions, underscoring the importance of thermodynamics in kinetic mechanisms.
Envisioning new learning spaces: creating a center for visualization at Indiana State University

Growing interest in visualization and stereography has prompted the Center for Instruction, Research, and Technology at Indiana State University (ISU) to expand visualization resources available to faculty and students. Beginning in the spring of 2006, ISU built four new active learning spaces equipped to handle various faculty members. visualization needs. The "Science Room" is a 20-seat, multi-disciplinary visualization classroom, equipped with stereoscopic projectors, an 11-foot, 16:9 format polarized screen, viewing glasses, and a powerful workstation. Faculty throughout all colleges with stereoscopic instructional material may schedule the room for entire semesters or on a per-class/as-needed basis. Normal Hall, room 121, was remodeled to become a multidisciplinary visualization laboratory. Researchers now have access to both active and passive stereoscopic systems. One of the systems in Normal Hall is capable of displaying HR (high definition/high resolution) objects on a 14-foot large format screen. Included in the laboratory is a three-dimensional laser scanner capable of creating digital representations of objects in their natural environments. This scanner has recently been used by faculty to create digital three dimensional representations of clay pots recovered from an archeological dig. In addition, a powerful rendering cluster combining supercomputing and visualization technologies is in place to simultaneously process 3-D graphics, imaging, and video data in real time. The rendering cluster enables faculty to tackle the most demanding visual computing challenges. Visualization applications are available for many disciplines including science, art, business, and engineering. This presentation and paper will focus on the process of building these new learning spaces and marketing them to faculty on the ISU campus.
Reinitiation of compensatory lung growth after subsequent lung resection

Objective In experimental animals, pneumonectomy results in rapid, hyperplastic compensatory growth of the remaining lung. The limits of this induced growth are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that compensatory growth can be reinitiated in the same lung after subsequent lung resection. Methods A left thoracotomy (Sham group) or left pneumonectomy (PNX group) was performed in Sprague–Dawley rats. A third group underwent left pneumonectomy followed 4 weeks later by a bilobectomy of the right upper and middle lobes (PNX+LBX group). Four weeks after bilobectomy in the PNX+LBX group (8 weeks in the Sham and PNX groups), right ventricular pressures were measured by using the open chest technique, and total lung weight and lower plus cardiac lobe weight indices were measured. Lungs were inflation fixed at 25 cm H 2 O to measure lobe volume index and to perform morphometric measurements on lung sections. Right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum weight index was measured as another index of pulmonary hypertension. Results Total lung weight index was similar in all groups. Pneumonectomy resulted in increased lower plus cardiac lobe weight and volume indices, which were significantly augmented in the PNX+LBX group. The PNX+LBX group underwent a significant increase in total volume of respiratory region, airspace, and tissue and a decrease in alveolar surface density versus the PNX group. The PNX+LBX group also had significantly increased right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum index. Conclusion These results demonstrate that compensatory growth can be reinitiated in lungs that had previously undergone postpneumonectomy compensatory growth. This subsequent growth, however, is more hypertrophic, and pulmonary hypertension develops despite subsequent compensatory growth.
Temperature dependence of the nonlocal voltage in an Fe/GaAs electrical spin-injection device

The nonlocal spin resistance is measured as a function of temperature in a Fe/GaAs spin-injection device. For nonannealed samples that show minority-spin injection, the spin resistance is observed up to room temperature and decays exponentially with temperature at a rate of $0.018\text{ }{\text{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Postgrowth annealing at 440 K increases the spin signal at low temperatures but the decay rate also increases to $0.030\text{ }{\text{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. From measurements of the diffusion constant and the spin lifetime in the GaAs channel, we conclude that sample annealing modifies the temperature dependence of the spin-transfer efficiency at injection and detection contacts. Surprisingly, the spin-transfer efficiency increases in samples that exhibit minority-spin injection.