cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Al coordination in magnesium aluminosilicate glasses

High coordinate (five- and sixfold) Si and Al species have been previously observed by MAS NMR techniques in binary silicate and peraluminous aluminosilicate glasses and gels. For liquids along the charge-balanced joins SiO2-MAlO2 or SiO2-M′Al2O4 (M = alkali metal; M′ = alkaline earth), such high coordinate species have not yet been observed experimentally, although their presence has been inferred from molecular dynamics simulations and NMR experiments on high-temperature liquids. This study reports the observation, by 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, of AlO5 and AlO6 species in glasses with peraluminous compositions near the SiO2-MgAl2O4 join. -Authors
Alumina-supported potassium compounds as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production: A review

Abstract Alumina-supported potassium oxides are promising catalysts for the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils for biodiesel production. Various potassium compounds Al2O3-supported were prepared via impregnation method. Potassium oxide (K2O) is a good candidate for a solid base catalyst from an economical point of view. In the present work, we reviewed K2O catalyst for the vegetable oil transesterification based on a variety of related research papers. The potassium compounds supported in catalysts, KOH/Al2O3, KNO3/Al2O3, KI/Al2O3, KF/Al2O3 and K2CO3/Al2O3, were optimized through various reaction parameters, such as: amount of catalyst, molar ratio of oil to alcohol, reaction time and temperature. Yields and conversions from various catalytic systems applied for biodiesel production were also compared. Among the catalysts studied, the KF/Al2O3 showed higher catalytic activity and a small amount of catalyst requirement in the transesterification reaction, indicating that it can be applied as a potential catalyst in the industry.
INFLUENCE OF EXCITON DIFFUSION AND CHARGE-TRANSFER STATE DISSOCIATION EFFICIENCY ON THE SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT DENSITIES IN SEMI-RANDOM DONOR/ACCEPTOR POLYMER:FULLERENE SOLAR CELLS

Four bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer:fullerene solar cell systems containing semi-random poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) based donor/acceptor (D/A) copolymers as donors and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as an acceptor were studied. Even though all three semi-random D/A polymers have broad absorption profiles and high absorption coefficients, benzothiadiazole (BTD) or thienopyrazine (TP) containing polymers P3HTT-BTD and P3HTT-TP have significantly lower short-circuit current densities (Jsc) than P3HT and P3HTT-DPP-10% (containing 10% diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)) in BHJ solar cells. As a result, the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) for P3HTT-BTD and P3HTT-TP are below 1% compared to 2.7% for P3HT:PC61BM and 3.1% for P3HTT-DPP-10%:PC61BM (efficiencies are not mismatch corrected and measured after encapsulation and shipment). Complementary optical and numerical simulations, experimental techniques such as external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements, and transient photoconductivity studie...
Informal Preliminary Report on Comparisons of Prototype SPN-1 Radiometer to PARSL Measurements

The prototype SPN-1 has been taking measurements for several months collocated with our PNNL Atmospheric Remote Sensing Laboratory (PARSL) solar tracker mounted instruments at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) located in Richland, Washington, USA. The PARSL radiometers used in the following comparisons consist of an Eppley Normal Incident Pyrheliometer (NIP) and a shaded Eppley model 8-48 “Black and White” pyrgeometer (BW Long and Gaustad, 2004, Long et al., 2006) to detect periods of clear skies, calculate continuous estimates of clear-sky SW irradiance and the effect of clouds on the downwelling SW, and estimate fractional sky cover.« less
Pharmacotherapy of insomnia.

Sleep disturbance is often the result of specific pathophysiologies of sleep or of psychiatric illness. When this is the case, specific treatment of these conditions is indicated. When such disorders are not found, hypnotics often play a useful role, particularly as adjunctive treatment while the patient receives behavioraliy-oriented therapy. Considerations in choosing a hypnotic should include issues of residual daytime effects, special problems of the elderly, interaction with alcohol, dependence, and effects on respiration.
A primary care team approach to the prevention of ocular complications of diabetes : a program review

Background. Diabetes mellitus is a serious public health concern. Approximately 7.8 million Americans have been diagnosed with the disease. Researchers estimate an additional 6 to 7 million individuals currently have the disease, but remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is the leading cause of new blindness in Americans 20 to 74 years of age. Oisproportionately high rates of diabetes exist within Native American, Hispanic, and black populations. Methods. This process review documents the experiences of collaborative primary care team approach to the prevention and treatment of ocular complications of diabetes in patients receiving care at the White Earth Indian Health Center, Bemidji Area Indian Health Service. The White Earth Indian Health Center was one of four primary care clinics that pilot-tested the Minnesota Oepartment of Health Diabetes Control Program. Results. The rate of diabetic eye examination increased to 86% of all individuals diagnosed with diabetes. Conclusions. This article describes the experiences of the White Earth Indian Health Center in establishing priorities, selecting guidelines, and implementing and monitoring a pilot-project for the prevention of ocular complications of diabetes. Application or modifications of this model may be of benefit to other programs that use the primary care team approach in the care and management of diabetes and other chronic disease entities.
An Improved Tibial Force Sensor to Compute Contact Forces and Contact Locations In Vitro After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Contact force imbalance and contact kinematics (i.e., motion of the contact location in each compartment during flexion) of the tibiofemoral joint are both important predictors of a patient's outcome following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Previous tibial force sensors have limitations in that they either did not determine contact forces and contact locations independently in the medial and lateral compartments or only did so within restricted areas of the tibial insert, which prevented them from thoroughly evaluating contact force imbalance and contact kinematics in vitro. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study was to present the design and verification of an improved tibial force sensor which overcomes these limitations. The improved tibial force sensor consists of a modified tibial baseplate which houses independent medial and lateral arrays of three custom tension-compression transducers each. This sensor is interchangeable with a standard tibial component because it accommodates tibial articular surface inserts with a range of sizes and thicknesses. This sensor was verified by applying known loads at known locations over the entire surface of the tibial insert to determine the errors in the computed contact force and contact location in each compartment. The root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) in contact force are ≤ 6.1 N which is 1.4% of the 450 N full-scale output. The RMSEs in contact location are ≤ 1.6 mm. This improved tibial force sensor overcomes the limitations of the previous sensors and therefore should be useful for in vitro evaluation of new alignment goals, new surgical techniques, and new component designs in TKA.
82. Mapping the Humoral Immune Response to AAV by Molecular Docking and Cryo-Electron Microscopy for the Design of Next-Generation AAV Vectors

Despite constant improvements in gene therapy with AAV vectors, including use of new serotypes, routes of administration, and transgene cassette engineering, immune responses continue to be a major obstacle to therapeutic translation. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against the capsid generated by prior viral infection or AAV vector administration significantly reduce not only the effective patient population but also the overall efficacy of an AAV-based gene therapy. Here, by cloning out and evaluating anti-AAV antibodies from singly-sorted memory B cells from seropositive individuals, we have designed an approach that allows us to look at the humoral immune response globally, to hone in on the immunogenic regions of the capsid itself, and to compare responses between individuals in an unbiased and therapeutically-relevant setting. In this study, we screened a panel of 30 normal human donors, selected one with high pre-existing NAb titers (1:320 for AAV2, 1:40 for AAV3B), then sorted out switched memory B cells by negative selection, seeding on irradiated ms3T3-CD40L feeder cells and culturing for 2 weeks in the presence of IL-2 and IL-21. Following supernatant screening for anti-AAV antibody production, over 100 AAV-reactive clones were identified. After isolation and cloning using nested PCR, antibodies were evaluated for AAV capsid binding as well as neutralizing capacity. To date, all antibodies demonstrated binding to AAV2 and AAV3B as well as a panel of additional AAV serotypes (8, 9, rh10, rh32.33), suggesting that AAV-binding, yet non-neutralizing antibodies may possess broad serotype specificity.To identify the epitopes for these anti-AAV antibodies, we first took a high-throughout, predictive approach. Antibody variable region sequences were placed into a generic antibody scaffold and their three-dimensional structure modeled using Kotai Antibody Builder and RosettaAntibody followed by validation using COOT. The resulting structures were then iteratively docked onto the published structure of AAV3B using PIPER to identify the most energetically-favorable binding conformation. Thus far, the vast majority of footprint residues lie in variable regions of the capsid comprising and surrounding the 3-fold spikes. For a number of antibodies, initial prediction-directed capsid alanine scanning experiments have shown decreased antibody binding at the predicted residues, supporting the use of this approach. More comprehensive mutagenesis experiments are underway to further validate the approach and more completely map immunogenic epitopes of the AAV capsid proteins. In addition, cryo-EM analysis is currently underway for a number of these Fab-AAV complexes for additional, direct observation of the repertoire of binding footprints. These studies will provide information critical to understanding the antibody response to AAV and guide future attempts to rationally design next-generation capsids that are able to evade the anti-AAV antibody response.
A Rite of Reverse Passage: The Construction of Youth Migration in the US Asylum Process

Drawing on ethnographic research at a legal aid organization, I analyse the legal brokerage of youths’ asylum applications. As youths increasingly seek asylum alone, the US has adopted policy chang...
Multifunctional gold composite nanodevices for αv β3 angiogenic microvascular targeting

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 4718 Background: Composite Nanodevices hold great promise for improvement in cancer imaging and therapy (Khan MK, Tech. in Cancer Res. 4: 603; Balogh L, PharmaChem 2: 94). These nanodevices have a PAMAM dendrimer component and an inorganic component which can be separately optimized. The αvβ3 integrins are highly overexpressed in the angiogenic microvasculature present in tumors, and not in normal endothelial cells. We targeted 5 nm gold carrying composite nanodevices (Au-CNDs) to the αvβ3 receptor present on stimulated endothelial cells. The Au-CNDs carry multiple copies of a form of cyclic RGD peptide (cRGD, Arg-Gly-Asp) that strongly binds to αvβ3 and is already in anti-angiogenic cancer clinical trials (Ragusea J, Oral Oncology 40: 228) making the cRGD-Au-CNDs more clinically relevant than other permutations of RGD in the literature (Shukla R, Chem. Commun. 5739 (2005)). Composite nanodevices have more imaging and therapeutic roles than are feasible with dendrimer only devices. Purpose: To synthesize and characterize an angiogenic microvascular targeted 5 nm Au-CND and demonstrate, specific binding of a targeted Au-CND in vitro to the αvβ3 receptor and to stimulated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). Experimental Procedures: cRGD containing biotinylated gold composite nanodevices (cRGD-BT-Au-CND) were fabricated using amine and partially substituted acetamide terminated PAMAM dendrimers, followed by substitution with succinamic acid groups and final conjugation with four cRGD peptides followed by reactive encapsulation of gold. The nanodevices tested include: 5 nm cRGD-BT-Au-CND (targeted) and 5 nm BT-Au-CND (non-targeted). The targeted cRGD-BT-Au-CND binding to αvβ3 integrin coated plates was assessed in vitro , and the specificity of binding examined by competition with free cRGD. Finally the specific binding of the targeted composite nanodevice to stimulated HDMECs was assessed using a fluorescent antibody against the biotin present on the composite nanodevices. Results: The Au-CNDs were successfully synthesized and characterized. The targeted cRGD-BT-Au-CNDs were shown to specifically bind to the αvβ3 receptor in vitro , using plates coated by human αvβ3 integrin. The non-targeted BT-Au-CNDs showed no binding and free cRGD competed for binding with the targeted CND. The targeted cRGD-BT-Au-CNDs, visualized by immunoflourescence, specifically bound to stimulated endothelial cells (HDMECs) expressing αvβ3. Conclusions: The angiogenic microvasculature targeted cRGD-BT-Au-CND shows quantitative specific binding to the biologic target αvβ3 receptor in vitro , and to stimulated angiogenic endothelial cells (HDMECs). These efficiently targeted multifunctional gold CNDs is currently being developed for improved tumor imaging, anti-angiogenic therapy and radiation therapy.
A batch processing algorithm for target tracking using frequency measurements

This paper develops a batch processing algorithm that can be used to track a moving ground target emitter with measurements of received frequency. A constant velocity track that best fits the frequency measurements is computed. The target's position will be defined u sing W GS84 longitude, latitude, and altitude. We will assume the following about the target: an estimate of initial position is available, the east and north velocity components are constant during the observation period, and altitude is either known or can be computed using a local datum. The 3 parameters to be estimated are the 2 velocity components and a receiver measurement bias. These parameters are treated as random variables with known a priori distributions, so the tracking problem is one of Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation. The a priori distribution provides a statistical bound on parameter values and keeps the algorithm stable when sensor-target geometry is poor. The frequency measurements used for tracking are nonlinear functions of target position and velocity, thereby requiring that a nonlinear optimal estimation problem be solved. Batch processing of all sensor measurements and Iterated Least-Squares (ILS) are used to solve this problem. Each update of ILS requires the target's position time history in order to compute the objective function value being minimized. Target tracking is treated as a parameter identification or inverse problem, i.e., the target's position is the output of an ordinary differential equation having unknown parameters to be estimated. As a result, the target's position time history is found using numerical integration, the given initial position and the current velocity estimates. This process also gives the system sensitivity matrix needed to compute the parameter estimation error covariance matrix. The model used for this algorithm contrasts with that used for the design of recursive estimators such as an extended Kalman filter, where the target's position is t he output of a dynamic system driven by white noise. A Kalman filter will provide good estimates of target position and velocity when the frequency of the target's transmitted signal is stable or the target's velocity is fairly constant. However, when neither of these conditions is met, the filter m ay produce a nerratic t rack t hat differs significantly from truth. The constant velocity track produced by this algorithm is less erratic than one produced by a recursive estimator when the transmitter frequency drifts and the target maneuvers. In these unfavorable conditions, the batch processor is more robust and can provide the user with a target direction vector. This direction vector can be combined with a map of the area of interest to inform the user as to the target's most likely route and location.
Expected Time to Return to Athletic Participation After Stress Fracture in Division I Collegiate Athletes

Background:Few studies have documented expected time to return to athletic participation after stress fractures in elite athletes.Hypothesis:Time to return to athletic participation after stress fr...
Bovine leukemia virus linked to breast cancer but not coinfection with human papillomavirus: Case‐control study of women in Texas

Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) were previously identified in human breast tissue and have been associated with breast cancer in independent studies. The objective of the current study was to test for the presence of BLV and HPV in the same breast tissue specimens to determine whether the viruses were associated with breast cancer either singly or together. Methods Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tissue sections from 216 women were received from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center along with patient diagnosis. In situ polymerase chain reaction and/or DNA hybridization methods were used to detect targeted DNA segments of BLV and HPV. Standard statistical methods were used to calculate age-adjusted odds ratios, attributable risk, and P values for the trend related to the association between presence of a virus and a diagnosis of breast disease. Results Women diagnosed with breast cancer were significantly more likely to have BLV DNA in their breast tissue compared with women with benign diagnoses and no history of breast cancer. Women with breast pathology classified as premalignant and no history of breast cancer also were found to have an elevated risk of harboring BLV DNA in their breast tissue. HPV status was not associated with malignancy, premalignant breast disease, or the presence of BLV in the breast tissues. Conclusions The data from the current study supported previous findings of a significant association between BLV DNA in breast tissue and a diagnosis of breast cancer, but did not demonstrate oncogenic strains of HPV associated with breast cancer or the presence of BLV DNA in breast tissue. The authors believe the findings of the current study contribute to overall knowledge regarding a possible causal role for viruses in human breast cancer. Cancer 2018;124:1342-9. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Keen, William Williams

William Williams Keen (1837–1932), the first neurosurgeon in the US, was internationally recognized as an innovative surgeon, an outstanding teacher of surgery and anatomy, and a prolific author and editor. Along with William Stewart Halsted (1852–1922) and a few others, he was one of the acknowledged founders of modern American surgery. As an acting assistant surgeon in the US Civil War, Keen worked closely with Silas Weir Mitchell and George Read Morehouse in pioneering studies of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries, work that proved to be a milestone in the birth of neurology as a specialty in the US. Their monograph based on this work, Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries of Nerves (1864), continues to be frequently cited, primarily because of the vivid descriptions of causalgia and phantom limbs. In 1863, he diagnosed a case of oculosympathetic paresis, well before Johann Friedrich Horner's eponymous description in 1869. Keen gained worldwide attention for several of his innovative neurosurgical procedures, including drainage of the cerebral ventricles (1889) and successful removal of large meningiomas. In 1893, Keen assisted the New York surgeon Joseph Bryant in a clandestine surgery on President Grover Cleveland for a carcinoma of the roof of the mouth, a surgery that was a complete success.
Improving the Mental Health Outcomes of LGBTQ Youth and Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this groundbreaking study was to evaluate outcomes of 482 LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning) youth and young adults who received services and supports throug...
Approach for a Risk Analysis of Energy Flexible Production Systems

Abstract The steadily growing share of volatile renewable energies in power generation poses a major challenge for energy producers and consumers. One possibility for increasing grid stability and thus the security of electricity supply is Demand-Side-Management (DSM). Since a load adjustment in the manufacturing industry is often followed by an intervention in the production process, logistic targets in production can be adversely affected. In order to evaluate the risk that occurs for energy flexible manufacturing companies, an approach based on existing evaluation methods is developed.
Synthesis of nanostructured coatings by high-velocity oxygen-fuel thermal spraying

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fundamentals of thermal spraying combines particle melting, quenching, and consolidation in a single operation. The focus is on High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF). This spraying technology, facilitated by an achievement of metallurgical and chemical homogeneity, is used to fabricate a variety of simple preform shapes in addition to coatings. Thermal spraying was originally developed to produce corrosion-resistant zinc coatings, as well as coatings for other refractory metals. Thermally sprayed coatings are also widely used in the electronics industries, power generation plants, marine gas turbine engines, ceramics industries, and printing industries. HVOF spraying is the most significant development in the thermal spray industry since the development of the original plasma spray. HVOF is characterized by high particle velocities and relatively low thermal energy when compared to plasma spraying. The applications of HVOF have expanded from the initial use of tungsten carbide coatings to include different coatings that provide resistance to wear or erosion/corrosion. The extremely brief exposure of the precursor nanocrystalline particles to the high temperatures of the HVOF process appears to preserve the nanocrystalline structure in most of the particles deposited on the substrate. In general, the quality of the HVOF-sprayed coating is determined by a combination of various processes.
User acceptance of Intelligence and Security Informatics technology: A study of COPLINK: Research Articles

The importance of Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) has significantly increased with the rapid and large-scale migration of localsnational security information from physical media to electronic platforms, including the Internet and information systems. Motivated by the significance of ISI in law enforcement (particularly in the digital government context) and the limited investigations of officers' technology-acceptance decision-making, we developed and empirically tested a factor model for explaining law-enforcement officers' technology acceptance. Specifically, our empirical examination targeted the COPLINK technology and involved more than 280 police officers. Overall, our model shows a good fit to the data collected and exhibits satisfactory power for explaining law-enforcement officers' technology acceptance decisions. Our findings have several implications for research and technology management practices in law enforcement, which are also discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Range and Moments: Towards a Specification of Intersectional Praxis

I propose a conception of intersectional praxis, a normative commitment to the application of intersectionality towards activism, as a spectrum in which action may range from 0 to n* where 0 reflects an unintersectional approach to activism, n represents intersectional praxis, and where the range captures observations falling between these endpoints. I suggest that allowing intersectional praxis to range in this way captures variation among positive and negative cases and permits attention to what factors cause said variation. I illustrate this argument via way of brief examples from the Costa Rican case.
Transformation of Organic Micropollutants by Biological Processes

Although the main goal of biological drinking-water treatment is production of a biologically stable drinking water, biological processes can also remove organic micropollutants that are of a health concern or that cause tastes and odors. Micropollutants are usually removed as secondary substrates, which means that their oxidation does not provide sufficient electrons or energy to support biomass growth and maintenance. This article develops the biochemical fundamentals and quantitative tools for describing the secondary utilization of micropollutants in biofilm processes. It connects the removals of the secondary substrates to the main goal of treatment, removal of biodegradable organic matter. The article critically reviews the biochemical potential for degrading micropollutants commonly found in drinking-water supplies: petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and taste-and-odor compounds.
Relativistic σ-ω mean-field theory for hyperons from a quark model

We suggest a phenomenological description of hypernuclear \ensuremath{\sigma}-\ensuremath{\omega} Dirac mean-field theory, where the meson-baryon vertices are based on the quark model with relativistic corrections. While the model is shown to be in agreement with the \ensuremath{\sigma}-\ensuremath{\omega} model for regular nuclei, large tensor \ensuremath{\omega}YY couplings are derived for \ensuremath{\omega}-hyperon vertices. This coupling, which is negligible for nucleons, is capable of resolving the problem of the small spin-orbit interaction in \ensuremath{\Lambda} hypernuclei within the Dirac approach, as was recently shown independently by Jennings. Our model explains the available data. It can also be the basis for more systematic theoretical studies. Predictions are thus presented for \ensuremath{\Sigma} and \ensuremath{\Xi} hypernuclei. Further improvements of the model are discussed.
Postprandial response of jejunal slow waves and mediation via cholinergic mechanism.

The postprandial characteristics of jejunalmyoelectrical activity and its mediation via cholinergicnerves were investigated in this study. Four pairs ofbipolar electrodes were implanted on the serosa of the proximal jejunum of nine female hounddogs (14-22 kg). In the control session, the recordingof jejunal myoelectrical activity was made for 30 min inthe fasting state and for 90 min after a solid meal (0.45 kg, 838 kcal). The study sessionfollowed the same protocol except that a bolus of 0.25mg/kg atropine was injected intravenously 30 min afterthe meal. Computerized spectral analysis was performed to calculate the frequency, power, andpercentage of 17-22 cycles/min (cpm) slow waves. Aspecial artificial neural network program was applied tocompute the spike bursts superimposed on slow waves. All data were expressed as mean ± SE. Thepostprandial frequency of the jejunal slow waves wassignificantly increased from 18.42 ± 0.28 cpm inthe fasting state to 18.95 ± 0.22, 19.28 ±0.23, and 19.28 ± 0.22 cpm during the first, second, andthird 30-min periods after the meal (all P < 0.03 incomparison with the fasting state). The percentage ofthe slow waves superimposed with spike bursts was increased from 19.33 ± 3.90% at fastingstate to 35.16 ± 2.76%, 32.87 ± 4.06%, and34.88 ± 3.51% during the first, second, and third30-min periods after the meal (all P < 0.03 incomparison with fasting state). Atropine abolished thepostprandial increases in the frequency of slow wavesand the number of spike bursts. No significantpostprandial changes in the power and the percentage of17-22 cpm slow waves were observed. In conclusion,the postprandial response of the jejunal slow wavesafter a solid meal presents as an increase of thefrequency of slow waves and the number of the spikebursts which can be abolished by atropine, and thepostprandial response of the jejunal slow waves is aneural reflex dominantly mediated via vagal cholinergicnerves.
Document design with interactive evolution

We present human guided evolution of brochure documents. The user interacts with a genetic algorithm, which evolves placeholders, each placeholder represented with one of three shapes: (1) ellipse, (2) rectangle, and (3) rounded rectangle. The user guides the evolutionary process by evaluating a small subset taken from a large population of documents. Along with the subjective user input, individuals in the population of the genetic algorithm are evaluated on a set of objective heuristics for document design. We present pretest results, including an evaluation of the tool and documents created.
Reconstructing "sketchpad" and the "coons patch": toward an archaeology of CAD

"Archaeology of CAD" is an ongoing project that examines the origins of Computer-Aided Design by bringing to life some of its pioneering technologies, which were central to re-shape design practices in the image of computation during the second half of the twentieth century. On display at SIGGRAPH will be two interactive installations from this project: the reconstructions of Steven A. Coons's "Coons Patch" and of Ivan Sutherland's "Sketchpad." Drawing from primary archives and oral sources, these interactive installations playfully revisit these transformative technologies from the 1960s, and enable visitors to approximate the experience of designing with the first Computer-Aided Design systems. Developed with computational design students at Carnegie Mellon University using present-day hardware and software languages, these reconstructions are inquisitive artifacts of historical inquiry. By evoking the embodied experience of interacting with these technologies, they shed light on the new forms of human-machine work that emerged with the rise of interactive computing during the Cold-War years, and highlight the sensual and gestural dimensions of the "computer revolution." Along with the two reconstructions, a selection of rare handwritten notes and documents by Coons, and a selection of key contractual documents between the US Air Force and MIT, are displayed to offer glimpses of the institutional and intellectual context that motivated these foundational technologies of computational design.
Development of a Portable Intraoral Camera and a Smartphone Application for Oral Cancer PDT Treatment Guidance and Monitoring

Oral cancer presents a public health crisis, particularly in regions where widespread use of tobacco, betel quid and acacia extract lead to disproportionately high incidences of oral malignancies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown to work efficiently in early-stage oral cancer lesions; however, physicians require a method capable of assisting them during therapy delivery, so treatments can be more effective. Several studies explore how to take advantage of photosensitized fluorescent lesions to perform imaging with the purpose of guiding and monitoring patients undergoing PDT; however, these streamlined systems for intraoral PDT treatment guidance and monitoring are needed in order for this approach to achieve optimal outcomes. This paper proposes the development of a smartphone application capable of processing images taken with an endoscopy camera directly connected to the device. PDT guidance and monitoring can be simplified, and treatment could be delivered more efficiently, increasing the chance of achieving a complete tumor response.
Unusual penis morphology among cosmetid harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Mesoamerica

The harvestmen family Cosmetidae contains more than 700 described species distributed from Argentina to the USA. The monophyly of the family remains undisputed; however, the majority of cosmetid genera are poorly defined and have not been revised using modern systematic approaches. This can be partially attributed to the paucity of information regarding genitalic morphology for most cosmetid species. A better understanding of the diversity of genitalic forms in this family will facilitate more in-depth systematic studies and taxonomic revisions within the family. In this study, we describe two distinct forms of genitalia exhibited by members of the genus Erginulus, compare these forms to the common genitalic morphology of other cosmetid harvestmen, and briefly discuss the systematic implications to be addressed in a subsequent revisionary study.
Organolanthanide-Catalyzed Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation. Observations on the Facile, Regiospecific Cyclization of Aminoalkynes

The organolanthanide complex ([eta][sup 5]-Me[sub 5]C[sub 5])[sub 2]SmCH(TMS)[sub 2] serves as a precatalyst for the efficient and regiospecific hydroamination/cyclization of aliphatic and aromatic aminoalkynes RC[triple bond]C(CH[sub 2])[sub n]NH[sub 2] to yield the corresponding heterocycles RCH[sub 2][bar C]=N(CH[sub 2])[sub n[minus]1]CH[sub 2]. Kinetic and mechanistic evidence argues that the turn-over-limiting step is intramolecular alkyne insertion into the Sm-N bond followed by rapid protonolysis of the resulting Sm-C bond. 17 refs., 1 tab.
Multimodal stimuli regulate reproductive behavior and physiology in male túngara frogs

Unlike in terrestrial animals, the boundary between internal (e.g., hormones) and external (e.g., social) stimulation can be blurred for aquatic and amphibious species. When chemicals such as hormones and glandular secretions leach into the water, they can further interact with other signaling systems, creating multimodal stimuli. It is unclear, however, whether water-borne chemical secretions from courting male frogs affect the physiology and behavior of their rivals. In order to address this question we first established non-invasive, continuous sampling methods for simultaneously measuring both hormones and behavior in amphibious species. Then, we examined whether interactions between water-borne chemical secretions and conspecific calls affect reproductive behavior and physiology (testosterone and corticosterone) of courting male tungara frogs. Our results demonstrate that conspecific acoustic stimulation alone increases locomotor activity, decreases latency to call, and increases calling behavior but does not alter the amount of hormones excreted. In response to water containing chemical secretions from rivals, but in the absence of calls from other males, males excrete more testosterone. Interestingly, the combined acoustic and chemical stimulus causes a multiplicative increase in both calling behavior and hormonal excretion. Taken together, our results suggest that a multimodal chemical-acoustic stimulus physiologically primes males for aggressive behavior.
Violent Extremism in the Western Sahel: An Old Story with Contemporary Implications

Widespread and protracted Islamist violence in the Western Sahel raises questions regarding the history of the phenomenon. This study compares and contrasts Islamic militancy under the leadership of Dan Fodio (Sokoto) and El Hajj Umar Tall (Tukolor) during the nineteenth century with Mohammed Yusuf’s Boko Haram since 2002. The research zone is confined to the states of Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Guinea, and Senegal. Demonstrating connections between two eras when the phenomenon has been most intense reveals key ideological and methodological patterns. Paying attention to motivation, method, and the ways in which earlier movements disbanded offers a template for effective counter-terrorism measures.
Displaced Spanish men: Masculinity, sexuality, and migration in Hemos perdido el sol (1963), by Ángel María de Lera

AbstractThis article analyzes the interconnections between masculinity and migration in the work Hemos perdido el sol, by Angel Maria de Lera. The novel depicts the challenging experiences of Spani...
Gauge invariance of transverse momentum dependent distributions at small x

The interplay between the small-$x$ limit of QCD amplitudes and QCD factorization at moderate $x$ has been studied extensively in recent years. It was finally shown that semiclassical formulations of small-$x$ physics can have the form of an infinite twist framework involving transverse momentum dependent distributions in the eikonal limit. In this work, we demonstrate that small-$x$ distributions can be formulated in terms of transverse gauge links. This allows, in particular, for direct and efficient decompositions of observables into subamplitudes involving gauge-invariant suboperators which span parton distributions.
Intercepting Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms with Neural- Network-Aided Game-Theoretic Target Assignment

This paper examines the use of neural networks to perform low-level control calculations within a larger game-theoretic framework for drone swarm interception. As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) become more capable and less expensive, their malicious use becomes a greater public threat. This paper examines the problem of intercepting rogue UAV swarms by exploiting the underlying game-theoretic nature of large-scale pursuit-evasion games to develop locally optimal profiles for target assignment. It paper also examines computationally efficient means to streamline this process.
Ethos, Transference, and Liberal Cynicism

This chapter examines the rhetorical form of ethos in Zizek’s work as it relates to the psychoanalytic concepts of transference and narcissism. In Zizek’s work, Hegel is idealized in the transference as the one who already knows. As a form of cynical conformity, Zizek relies on an atheistic use of Christianity in order to posit an ideal Other who verifies his ideal ego in a narcissistic structure. For Aristotle, ethos represents the character of the speaker in a defined social hierarchy.
Symmetry and Crystal Physics

All crystals have translational periodicity and most possess other symmetry elements as well. A symmetry operation relates one part of an object to another. After performing the symmetry operation, the object is indistinguishable from its original appearance, both in form and orientation. We live in a three-dimensional world*, and as a consequence there are three principal types of symmetry operators: two-dimensional mirror planes, one-dimensional rotation axes, and zero-dimensional inversion centers. Consider a set of orthogonal axes X, Y, Z. A mirror plane at Y = 0 takes any point at (x, y, z) and transforms it to (x, —y, z), changing the sign of the y-coordinate. The mirror plane is a symmetry element of the object if it appears identical, before and after the mirror operator is applied. Two-fold rotation axes occur in many crystals. If the axis is coincident with Z, then a point at (x, y, z) is rotated 180° about Z to (— x, —y, z), changing the sign of two of the coordinates. An inversion center at the origin of the coordinate system transforms (x, y, z) to (—x, — y, — z). The three symmetry operations are illustrated in Fig. 1.
Social Media Applications: A Potential Avenue for Broadcasting Suicide Attempts and Self-Injurious Behavior.

Social media is a mainstay in American culture, but it's impact on mental health continues to evolve. Social media has revolutionized the way people share information and communicate. It is particularly popular among adolescents and young adults ages 18-24. There has been increasing concern that the internet and social media may be influencing suicidal behavior and self-harm in this population. Publications focusing on the impact of social media use on suicidal/self-injurious behavior are beginning to emerge in the literature. This clinical vignette chronicles the events of a suicide attempt documented on the social media application Snapchat. It facilitates a discussion about the role social media played in influencing this behavior.
The Minimum Variance Portfolio, the Tangency Portfolio, and the Associated Matrix Algebra

The matrix algebra associated with finding minimum variance portfolio weights and tangency portfolio weights is greatly simplified by using an Excel presentation. A further simplification of the tangency portfolio weights process is also presented using excess returns for the risky securities. The lesson drawn from this presentation is readily performed online by sharing or recording an Excel screen with students.
The Neutral Level of NGDP and the NGDP Gap: Q1 2020

This policy brief reports on the nominal GDP (NGDP) gap, a measure of the stance of US monetary policy, is the percent difference between the actual level and the neutral level of NGDP. The neutral level of NGDP is the dollar size of the economy when monetary policy has been neither expansionary nor contractionary. In the first quarter of 2020, the NGDP gap experienced its sharpest decline since 2008, falling to −2.03 percent (For more information on how the NGDP gap is constructed and how it may be used to understand policy, please see “The Stance of Monetary Policy: The NGDP Gap,” a policy brief by David Beckworth. Also, see the NGDP gap web page hosted by the Mercatus Center that provides access to current and vintage data on the NGDP gap.)
On the magnitude of dissipation in open quantum systems

If an open quantum system is initially uncorrelated from its environment, then its dynamics can be written in terms of a Lindblad-form master equation. The master equation is divided into a unitary piece, represented by an effective Hamiltonian, and a dissipative piece, represented by a hermiticity-preserving superoperator; however, the division of open system dynamics into unitary and dissipative pieces is non-unique. For finite-dimensional quantum systems, we resolve this non-uniqueness by specifying a norm on the space of dissipative superoperators and defining the canonical Hamiltonian to be the one whose dissipator is minimal. We show that the canonical Hamiltonian thus defined is equivalent to the Hamiltonian initially defined by Lindblad, and that it is uniqueley specified by requiring the dissipator's jump operators to be traceless. For a system weakly coupled to its environment, we give a recursive formula for computing the canonical effective Hamiltonian to arbitrary orders in perturbation theory, which we can think of as a perturbative scheme for renormalizing the system's bare Hamiltonian.
Identifying Inter-Component Control Flow in Web Applications

As web applications become more complex, automated techniques for their testing and verification have become essential. Many of these techniques, such as ones for identifying security vulnerabilities, require information about a web application's control flow. Currently, this information is manually specified or automatically generated using techniques that cannot give strong guarantees of completeness. This paper presents a new static analysis based approach for identifying control flow in web applications that is both automated and provides stronger guarantees of completeness. The empirical evaluation of the approach shows that it is able to identify more complete control flow information than other approaches with comparable analysis run time.
Characterization of an endopolygalacturonase produced by the chestnut blight fungus

Extracellular endopolygalacturonase was produced by Cryphonectria parasitica strain Ep 155 (ATCC No. 38755) in culture media amended with 1 % sodium polypectate. Production of the enzyme was stimulated dramatically by 1 % glucose, or 0·25 % yeast extract and 0·75 % malt extract. The enzyme was purified 244-fold to apparent homogeneity by ultrafiltration, cation exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. Its molecular weight was approximately 42 kDa as estimated by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, and its isoelectric point was about pH 8·0. The pH optimum of the enzyme was pH 4·5-5·0, and its optimum temperature was 40 °C. The K m and V max of the enzyme were 0·22 mg ml −1 with polygalacturonic acid as substrate, and 0·241 mmol reducing group min −1 mg −1 protein, respectively. The enzyme acted in an endo fashion; a 50% reduction in viscosity of polygalacturonic acid resulted in hydrolysis of fewer than 2·5 % of the glycosidic bonds.
Are you tired? Spillover and crossover effects of emotional exhaustion on the family domain

This paper examines the spillover and crossover effects of emotional exhaustion on marital satisfaction for both employees and partners as well as on employee work–family conflict and partner family–work conflict. It investigates how the transmission of psychological strain from the workplace to the family domain mediates these relationships. In a sample of 226 employee–partner dyads from manufacturing, electronics, banking, service industries and public organizations, the results support the notion that employees' emotional exhaustion spawns negative strain in the home. More specifically, the results of spillover mediation analyses show the relationships between emotional exhaustion and employee marital satisfaction/work–family conflict in the home. In a crossover model, the results indicate that employee psychological strain mediates the relationships between emotional exhaustion and the marital satisfaction of partners/family–work conflict in partners. These findings provide supports for spillover and crossover models to investigate a direction for the effectiveness of emotional exhaustion on family issues. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed, and directions for future research are offered.
Ronsard's Eutrapelian Gaillardise

Thanks in no small measure to the sixteenth-century French poet laureate Pierre de Ronsard, the adjective "gaillard" and its derivatives ("gaillardise" and "gaillardement") emerged to join the most semantically loaded and etymologically enigmatic words of the early modern French language. To the various meanings traceable to the term's Gallo-Roman and Celtic origins and faithfully recorded in the near-contemporary dictionaries, the Pleiade leader adds the ideas of nimble-wittedness, civility, and playfulness inspired by the Aristotelian moral concept of "eutrapelia." The present study not only exposes previously undetected yet copious textual evidence for this association, but it also reveals how Ronsard's eutrapelia-enhanced gaillardise shapes the rhetorical strategies at work in his polemical poetry and, further, contributes to his career-long ambition to bring definition to the "French" identity.
HIV infection in the elderly

In the US, an estimated 1 million people are infected with HIV, although one-third of this population are unaware of their diagnosis. While HIV infection is commonly thought to affect younger adults, there are an increasing number of patients over 50 years of age living with the condition. UNAIDS and WHO estimate that of the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS in the world, approximately 2.8 million are 50 years and older. With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid-1990s, survival following HIV diagnosis has risen dramatically and HIV infection has evolved from an acute disease process to being managed as a chronic medical condition. As treated HIV-infected patients live longer and the number of new HIV diagnoses in older patients rise, clinicians need to be aware of these trends and become familiar with the management of HIV infection in the older patient. This article is intended for the general clinician, including geriatricians, and will review epidemiologic data and HIV treatment as well as provide a discussion on medical management issues affecting the older HIV-infected patient.