cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Not Your Mother’s Women’s Movement: Women and Leadership in the Twenty-First Century

We begin with Mary Hartman’s essay in order to describe the genesis of the feminist movement since the 1960s. The articles that follow illustrate her point that the movement, if it is still a movement, has continued to change dramatically since its beginnings in the 1960s. As we demonstrate in other essays in this collection, women have now attained leadership positions, although not in as great numbers as we had imagined. With only 14 women leading the FT global 500 companies, we are still, today, challenged with empowering women. But the challenge is different now in a global economy where interrelationships and networks, not single leaders, are more propitious leadership models. Indeed, as the next chapters will argue, a global networked economy demands that leadership styles should be changed, moving from a hierarchical individualistic model to a more organic, collaborative systemic approach. The question is how to fight against gender discrimination in this new context. How does one steer clear or gender stereotypes, whilst at the same time taking the embodied realities of women seriously and refusing to water down the specific challenges that women face? Hartman helps us rethink our strategies, our labels, and our attitudes. She therefore sets the scene for a critical evaluation of the variety of other strategies that we will explore in the course of the book.
Observations of Breaking Waves and Energy Dissipation in Modulated Wave Groups

AbstractIt has been recognized that modulated wave groups trigger wave breaking and generate energy dissipation events on the ocean surface. Quantitative examination of wave-breaking events and ass...
Coming to act with tables: Tracing the laminated trajectories of an engineer-in-the-making

Abstract Using theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches that situate the ontogenesis of practices and persons in histories of reuse across heterogeneous times, places, and representational media, this article examines the development of one undergraduate's ability to act with inscriptions in ways valued by engineers. Based on semi-structured and text-based interviews, ethnographic observations, and collection of texts and artifacts conducted over 3 academic years and that also reach back to her early childhood, the analysis traces the co-researcher's laminated history of acting with tables across a number of engagements, including undergraduate engineering courses, scheduling daily activities, inventing and arranging fan-fiction novels, and solving puzzles for fun. In addition to illuminating the rich history of textual activities that come to shape her use of tables as an engineer-in-the-making, the analysis also makes visible the crucial role emergent “laminated trajectories” (Roozen, Woodard, Kline, & Prior, 2015) play in the ongoing production of literate practices and identities. Ultimately, the article argues for increased theoretical and methodological attention to the ways people's participation with seemingly discrete, autonomous discursive engagements shape the pace and path of their historical becoming across the assumed boundaries of everyday, disciplinary, and professional worlds.
Children use similarity, propinquity, and loyalty to predict which people are friends.

Abstract Friendship fundamentally shapes interactions, and predicting other people’s affiliations is crucial for effectively navigating the social world. We investigated how 3- to 11-year-old children use three cues to reason about friendship: propinquity, similarity, and loyalty. In past work, researchers asked children to report on their own friendships and found a shift from an early focus on propinquity to a much later understanding of the importance of loyalty. Indeed, attention to loyalty was not standard until adolescence. Across four studies (total N = 900), we used a simpler method in which we asked children to make a forced-choice decision about which of two people a main character was better friends with. Although we replicated the finding that understanding the importance of loyalty increases with age, we also found evidence that even the youngest children tested (3- to 5-year-olds) can use loyalty to predict friendship. Thus, a sophisticated understanding of how social interactions unfold differently between friends and nonfriends may be evident by the preschool years. We also discuss interesting developmental differences in how children weigh the importance of each of these friendship cues.
Vibrational spectroscopy of Fe tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin encapsulated within the metal organic framework HKUST-1

Abstract The ability to mimic catalytically diverse heme proteins through the encapsulation of iron porphyrins within the cavities of porous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is a new approach to bioinspired materials. The encapsulation of Fe(3+)tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin (Fe4SP) within the octihemioctahedral cavities of HKUST-1 demonstrates site specific heme encapsulation within a MOF. The Fe4SP@HKUST-1 exhibited heme protein like peroxidase activity and crystallographically resolvable Fe4SP chromophores. Here, the vibrational structure of the encapsulated Fe4SP is examined using Raman and FTIR spectroscopies. The data reveals minimal structural perturbations upon encapsulation which is critical to the retention of heme catalytic properties in metallo-porphyrin based bioinspired MOFs. The FTIR data indicate non-covalent interactions involving the porphyrin peripheral sulphonic acid groups and the Cu paddle wheel clusters serving as the nodes within the framework.
Effect of CaCO3-saturated solution on CO2 corrosion of mild steel explored in a system with controlled water chemistry and well-defined mass transfer conditions

Abstract The effect of Ca2+ on the corrosion product layers when the CO2-containing electrolyte is saturated with respect to CaCO3, as frequently observed in oil production systems, was studied by weight loss, electrochemical techniques, and surface characterizations. An improved experimental set up was used and all experimental parameters reported. Results show that precipitation of corrosion products in solutions with or without CaCO3 was due to the favorable water chemistry obtained at the steel surface compared to the bulk solution. The presence of Ca2+ did not jeopardize the final protectiveness of corrosion product layer, but seemed to delay its growth.
Putting the Biopsychosocial Model to Work in Medical Education

Engel’s Biopsychosocial model and his concept of nesting systems has encouraged the student and practitioner alike to think well beyond the biomedical model. What seems to have been lacking is a formula that concretizes this model. The Equation of a Person’s Behavior serves as such an inclusive, unifying, and easily remembered tool. The equation not only highlights the individual’s behavioral profile but also addresses systems, developmental, and stress theory, as the individual, the family, and the suprasystems are captured in interaction and over time.
The credibility challenge: how democracy aid influences election violence

In The Credibility Challenge: How Democracy Aid Influences Election Violence, von Borzyskowski develops and persuasively lays out her Credible Election Theory (CET), which posits that (1) elections...
Global Union Organisations, 1889–2019: The Weight of History and the Challenges of the Present

What has kept global union organisations—some of the largest and oldest societal organisations—from spearheading an effective transnational union strategy against capitalism and, before that, other forces that divided unions? Is there any evidence that they are currently overcoming historical obstacles as they confront global neoliberalism? The historical record demonstrates that the weaknesses of global union organisations are due to both external factors as well as factors internal to the world of unions. Their contemporary record indicates that global union organisations have undertaken a number of important initiatives, such as Global Framework Agreements (GFAs) with multinational companies and a Just Transition focus in global climate negotiations. However, their effectiveness remains limited because, for enduring political reasons, they are still confederal, rather than federal, societal organisations.
Carriedo, Lourdes & Anne-Marie Reboul (dir.). 2018. Entre escritura e imagen II. Imágenes fijas, imágenes cinéticas. Bruselas, Peter Lang, ISBN: 978-2-8076-0628-9, 202 pp.

El texto que aqui resenamos se inscribe dentro de los estudios comparatistas, pues aborda la intrincada relacion de la literatura con las demas artes. La obra se inicia con una brillante introduccion a cargo de las editoras, Lourdes Carriedo y Anne-Marie Reboul Diaz, titulada "En torno al dialogo intermedial", y continua la investigacion emprendida en 2013, con la publicacion de Entre escritura e imagen I, Lecturas de narrativa contemporanea.
Mycobacteria and inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract We have been able to isolate mycobacteria from intestinal specimens obtained by surgical resection or endoscopic biopsy from patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and noninflammatory bowel diseases. Nineteen slow-growing (Runyon groups I and III) and 17 rapid-growing (Runyon group IV) mycobacterial isolates were obtained. Slow-growing mycobacteria were recovered from approximately one-third of intestinal biopsy specimens from Crohn's disease, one-quarter of ulcerative colitis biopsies, and 40% of biopsies from noninflammatory bowel disease patients. Isolates were most commonly members of the Mycobacterium avium -complex. One isolate (from an ulcerative colitis patient) was biochemically similar to the Mycobacterium strain previously associated with Crohn's disease, and one from a Crohn's disease patient was Mycobacterium kansasii . The rapidgrowing organisms were members of the Mycobacterium fortuitum -complex. In addition to conventional mycobacteria, spheroplasts (cell wall-defective forms) were isolated from 12 patients with Crohn's disease (most often from surgically resected colon) and 3 patients with ulcerative colitis; none were isolated from non-inflammatory bowel disease patients. We have been unable to identify a consistent relationship between the presence, or the species, of Mycobacterium and Crohn's disease. Our results do not support the proposed role of a specific mycobacterium in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. The cause of Crohn's disease remains unclear.
Discussion on the Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Medical Devices (II) Clinical Trial

To provide reference for further improve the level of medical devices clinical trial, to ensure the medical devices quality combing with the problems found in the medical devices clinical trial in Shandong province, the problems and countermeasures of medical devices (Ⅱ) clinical trial were explored. Four countermeasures were put forward to solve the problems of medical devices (Ⅱ) clinical trial from different angles including sponsors, clinical trials institutions and the important part of clinical trials:raising the threshold of entry, consummating relevant laws and regulations, establishing quality management system, strengthening personnel training, attaching great importance to CRA and CRC.
Making grammars for material and tectonic complexity: An example of a thin-tile vault

Shape grammars are a framework to view design as non-deterministic, creative, visual computation, and making as the deterministic execution of a design in the material world. Making grammars conceive of making as creative, multi-sensory, material computation. However, examples in the literature on making grammar are insufficiently complex to demonstrate the creativity of non-visual senses in making. This paper develops a making grammar for thin-tile vault construction as a sensory ethnography to ‘show making’ to designers as being a creative practice involving visual and non-visual senses. To do so, the role of drawing in shape grammar and making grammar is differentiated, and environmental psychology is used to develop a framework for the use of drawing to depict multi-sensory processes in making grammar.
Function and evolution of the prototypic CD28ζ and 4-1BBζ chimeric antigen receptors

T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) specific for CD19 have yielded remarkable clinical outcomes in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. The first CARs to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency are CD19 CARs that comprise either CD28/CD3ζ or 4-1BB/CD3ζ dual-signalling domains. While their efficacy and safety profiles in patients with B-cell malignancies are comparable overall, the functional properties these two CAR designs impart upon engineered T cells differ significantly. Remarkably, alternative costimulatory domains have not, to date, superseded these foundational designs. Rather, recent CAR advances have focused on perfecting the original CD28- and 4-1BB-based CD19 CARs by calibrating strength of activation, pre-empting T-cell exhaustion and increasing the functional persistence of CAR T cells. This article reviews the essential biological properties of these first-in-class prototypes and their recent evolution.
Ecosystem Services in Working Lands of the Southeastern USA

Agriculture and natural systems interweave in the southeastern US, including Florida, Georgia, and Alabama, where topographic, edaphic, hydrologic and climatic gradients form nuanced landscapes. These are largely working lands under private control, comprising mosaics of timberlands, grazinglands and croplands. According to the “ecosystem services” framework, these landscapes are multifunctional. Generally, working lands are highly valued for their provisioning services, and, to some degree cultural services, while regulating and supporting services are harder to quantify and less appreciated. Trade-offs and synergies exist among these services. Regional ecological assessments tend to broadly paint working lands as low value for regulating and supporting services. But this generalization fails to consider the complexity and tight spatial coupling of land uses and land covers evident in such regions. The challenge of evaluating multifunctionality and ecosystem services is that they are not spatially concordant. While there are significant acreages of natural systems embedded in southeastern working lands, their spatial characteristics influence the balance of tradeoffs between ecosystem services at differing scales. To better understand this, we examined the configuration of working lands in the southeastern US by comparing indicators of ecosystem services at multiple scales. Indicators included measurements of net primary production (provisioning), agricultural Nitrogen runoff (regulating), habitat measured at three levels of land use intensity, and biodiversity (supporting). We utilized a hydrographic and ecoregional framework to partition the study region. We compared indicators aggregated at differing scales, ranging from broad ecoregions to local landscapes focused on the USDA Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) Network sites in Florida and Georgia. Subregions of the southeastern US differ markedly in contributions to overall ecosystem services. Provisioning services, characterized by production indicators, were very high in northern subregions of Georgia, while supporting services, characterized by habitat and biodiversity indicators, were notably higher in smaller subregions of Florida. For supporting services, the combined contributions of low intensity working lands with embedded natural systems made a critical difference in their regional evaluation. This analysis demonstrated how the inclusion of working lands combined with examining these at different scales shifted our understanding of ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies in the southeastern United States.
Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Self-Reported Pain Intensity in a Sample of Individuals Living with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Purpose of the study Chronic Low Back Pain (cLBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders in America, as well as the single leading cause of disability worldwide. Further, the overwhelming majority, approximately 90%, of cLBP is “non-specific” and is not attributable to any distinguishable pathology associated with the anatomical structures positioned between the posterior margin of the ribcage and the gluteal fold (low back). A growing body of literature suggests that psychobiological factors may contribute to cLBP severity. Existing research has shown that low concentrations of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vitamin D) can not only exacerbate depressive symptoms but also has been linked to negative health outcomes, such as increased pain severity across musculoskeletal conditions. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the extent to which depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between circulating levels of Vitamin D and self-reported pain severity in a sample of individuals living with cLBP. All research participants (N=93) completed The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CESD) along with the Brief Pain Inventory- Short Form. Specimen samples were collected as part of a single blood draw to assay serum levels of circulating Vitamin D. Depressive symptoms significantly mediated the association between circulating levels of Vitamin D and self-reported pain severity as indicated by scores on the BPF-SF [Indirect Effect = -.8931, 95% CI: -2.1433 to -.0640]. As hypothesized, lower levels of circulating Vitamin D was significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms (p
Exposure to socioenvironmental stress as a predictor of physical and mental health

The literature demonstrates links between socioenvironmental characteristics, dysregulation of the stress response system, and PTSD, though few studies integrate these factors in one model. In a se...
Early childhood adversity and Women’s sexual behavior: The role of sensitivity to sexual reward

Abstract About one eighth of people are exposed to adversities such as abuse and neglect. Life history theory suggests that early experiences of adversity are strongly associated with later engagement in risky sexual behaviors. Specifically, those exposed to early adversity tend to engage in sex at an earlier age, have casual sex, and have high numbers of partners. Interestingly, it is also known that individuals exposed to early adversity are more likely to engage in more same-gender behavior. Existing research clearly outlines the association between early adversity and sexual behaviors that are considered risky. However, we have yet to identify a potential mediating mechanism that explains the full range of sexual behaviors seen in those who experience early adversity including adult sexual risk taking and same gender behavior. Outlining the specific mechanisms that influence later sexual risk taking is critically important in understanding the unique developmental experiences of those who experience early adversity. Here we propose and support one mediator important in the association between early adversity and later sexual behavior. We hypothesize that an increased sensitivity to the potential for sexual rewards mediates the association between early experiences of adversity and later sexual behavior, both risk behavior and female same-gender behavior. In the present manuscript we review relevant theoretical and empirical research in support of our claims.
Immoral goals: how goal setting may lead to unethical behavior

This review summarizes the relatively recent findings and discussion of the immoral impact of goal setting systems. While hundreds of studies show the positive impact of goals leading to increased performance, we focus on the studies showing that goals have a powerful negative impact on increasing unethical behavior. First, we discuss the theoretical reasons why goals lead to unethical behavior in terms of decreased moral awareness, increased moral disengagement, decreased self-regulatory resources, and increase risk taking. Second, we summarize the impact of goal structures and reward systems and discuss the particularly negative impact we when pay for goal performance. Finally, we point out the negative impacts on organizations in terms of managed earnings, meeting analyst expectations, and employing stretch goals.
Diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation in the acute care setting.

Purpose: To discuss the causes of atrial fibrillation (AF), risk factors, and pathophysiology, and review current treatment guidelines for AF in the inpatient setting. Data sources: Peer-reviewed medical and nursing journals, American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) practice guidelines. Conclusions: There are many predisposing factors to AF and a variety of treatment modalities. Nurse practitioners (NPs) should acquaint themselves with the pathophysiology and evidence-based treatments in order to provide individually based care to patients. Implications for practice: Pharmacological management is often warranted in patients with AF. NPs must be aware of updated clinical evidence in order to properly treat patients to provide symptomatic relief and improve quality of life.
Neuroelectronics and Biooptics: Closed-Loop Technologies in Neurological Disorders

Brain-implanted devices are no longer a futuristic idea. Traditionally, therapies for most neurological disorders are adjusted based on changes in clinical symptoms and diagnostic measures observed over time. These therapies are commonly pharmacological or surgical, requiring continuous or irreversible treatment regimens that cannot respond rapidly to fluctuations of symptoms or isolated episodes of dysfunction. In contrast, closed-loop systems provide intervention only when needed by detecting abnormal neurological signals and modulating them with instantaneous feedback. Closed-loop systems have been applied to several neurological conditions (most notably epilepsy and movement disorders), but widespread use is limited by conceptual and technical challenges. Herein, we discuss how advances in experimental closed-loop systems hold promise for improved clinical benefit in patients with neurological disorders.
Introduction to Taubes’ Theorem

At this stage our moduli space \( \hat{M} \), although by now a smooth orientable manifold, may still be empty, if there are no reducible connections! A theorem of Clifford Taubes [T] rules out this gloomy possibility. He establishes the existence of self-dual connections on a 4-manifold M whose intersection form is positive definite. Taubes’ Theorem complements work of Atiyah, Hitchin, and Singer [AHS], who construct moduli spaces for a more restricted class of manifolds. For these “half-conformally flat” manifolds, twistor theory can be used to convert Yang-Mills into a problem in algebraic geometry. In particular, the self-dual Yang Mills equations are well understood on S4 (with the standard metric), although the topology of the moduli space for k > 2 is not completely known. Our 4-manifold M is not in general half-conformally flat, and other methods are required. Taubes uses analytic techniques to build self-dual connections on M from the solutions on S4. The k = 1 instantons on S4 have a center b ∈ S4 and a scale ⋋ ∈ R+. As ⋋ → 0 the instanton becomes localized near b. One can imagine a limiting connection at → = 0 whose curvature is supported at b. Taubes grafts the localized self-dual connections onto M, where they pick up a small anti-self-dual curvature, and for → sufficiently small he perturbs them Open image in new window slightly to obtain self-dual connections. There results a family of instantons on M, parametrized by (0, ⋋0) x M, and in a later chapter we prove that these essentially form a collar of M in M, the limiting connections ⋋ = 0 being adjoined to form the compactification M = M. U M.
Efficient simulation of cell loss probability using standardized ATM connection traffic descriptors

In ATM networks, the purpose of connection admission control is to decide if allowing a new connection into the network violates a quality of service measure, such as the cell loss probability. Testing the algorithms that perform connection admission control is difficult because of the complexity of the ATM switches, the low cell loss probabilities required by ATM networks, and the unwieldiness of matching statistical models of the traffic entering the network to the connection traffic descriptors used by the call admission control algorithm. In the paper, instead of using statistical traffic models, the authors describe the traffic entering the network by the connection traffic descriptors standardised by the ATM Forum. They develop a simulation model for estimating the cell loss probability, derive upper and lower bounds on the cell loss probability, use importance sampling to increase the efficiency of the simulation, and find an analytical solution for the improvement in simulation efficiency. For the examples considered they obtained 3 to 9 orders of magnitude improvement in efficiency compared to conventional Monte Carlo simulation.
Qualitative Research in IS: Issues and Trends

This study seeks to help the information systems researcher determine which qualitative methods are most appropriate for addressing their particular research questions. The details of specific research projects provide the backdrop for the discussion of methodological issues.
Pain intensity in cancer.

Pain is a common, subjective, and multi-dimensional experience among patients with cancer. Pain intensity is recognized as one of the most clinically relevant dimensions of the pain experience (1). More than one-third of cancer patients with pain rated their pain intensity as moderate or severe (2). To ensure that patients receive optimal pain control, the Veterans Health Administration launched the “Pain as the 5th Vital Sign” initiative in 1999, requiring a pain intensity rating (0 to 10) for all clinical encounters (3). Joint Commission developed new standards for pain assessment and management in 1999, and integrated these standards into the survey process in 2001 (4).
Dimensão ritual do comportamento de consumo

No dia-a-dia, as pessoas participam regularmente de diversas atividades ritualizadas, seja no lar, no trabalho ou no lazer, tanto como individuos quanto como membros de uma comunidade maior. A pessoa media tambem depende de diversos eventos rituais para marcar os acontecimentos signifi cativos de sua vida, como a formatura, o casamento e a morte. Apesar dessas experiencias rituais abrangentes e plenas de significado, a pesquisa sobre o consumidor tem falhado em reconhecer esse amplo dominio comportamental. Este artigo apresenta e elabora o construto ritual como veiculo para a interpretacao do comportamento de consumo e apresenta os resultados de dois estudos exploratorios que investigam o conteudo artefatual e psicossocial dos rituais de cuidados pessoais de adultos jovens.
CCR10 regulates intestinal immune homeostasis through regulating both Treg and Teff cells in the intestine (MUC2P.832)

Intestinal immune homeostasis is an active process of balanced tolerant responses towards the gut-resident commensals and other food-born stimulations. Failure of the balanced response could lead to inflammatory diseases and cancers. Understanding molecular mechanisms that differentially regulate the homeostatic vs. inflammatory activation of T cells are fundamentally important in the intestinal immunity. CCR10, through interaction with its mucosa-specific ligand CCL28, was previously found important in regulation of IgA antibody-producing B cells in intestines. On the other hand, CCR10 was suggested to be a skin- but not gut- homing molecule for T cells. Using a novel strain of CCR10-knockout/EGFP-knockin mouse, we found that CCR10 is specifically induced on activating T cells in healthy intestines in situ and is critically important in balanced maintenance and functions of Treg and Teff cells to promote the intestinal homeostasis. On the other hand, during intestinal immune activations associated with infection or other inflammatory stimulations, the induction of CCR10 on activated intestinal T cells were suppressed that allows the T cell activation along different lineages. Our findings represent the first demonstration that a chemokine receptor is specifically associated with the homeostatic status of the intestine and reveal that there exists an auto-promoting feedback circuit of intestinal homeostasis in which the CCR10/ligand axis are a critical molecular link.
The flower fly genus Citrogramma Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae): illustrated revision with descriptions of new species

The flower fly genus Citrogramma is revised here. Seventeen new species are described; four lectotypes and one neotype are designated; two species are transferred from Xanthogramma to Citrogramma; and another Xanthogramma species, Xanthogramma fasciatum, is synonymized under Citrogramma clarum. Xanthogramma indica and Xanthogramma pruthii are considered junior synonyms of Scaeva latimaculata. Redescriptions, illustrations, synonymies, diagnoses, and distributional data are given for all species of Citrogramma recognized here, and an identification key is also provided. New specimens and species from New Caledonia, Taiwan, Nepal, and China expand the geographical range of the genus. The large number of new species proposed in this paper highlights the prevailing incomplete knowledge of this genus. New Guinea has the highest diversity of known Citrogramma species. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 164, 99–172.
The impact of DNA damage, genetic mutation and cellular responses on cancer prevention, longevity and aging: observations in humans and mice

Over the past 5 years, data collected from the mouse suggest that pathways important for either preventing or resolving DNA damage are longevity assurance mechanisms whose critical overall function is somatic cell maintenance, a necessary part of cancer prevention. These pathways include those that reduce DNA damage levels caused by exogenous sources, replication errors and by-products of cellular respiration. Unresolved DNA damage leads to permanent mutations in the genetic code that may be oncogenic. Therefore, pathways that resolve DNA damage are important anti-cancer mechanisms. As an important line of defense, there are a variety of pathways that repair DNA damage. In addition, there are anti-cancer pathways that respond to DNA damage by either preventing cellular replication or inducing cell death. Genes in these pathways, termed longevity assurance genes (LAG), code for proteins that reduce cancer incidence and as a result assures a sufficiently long health span needed for reproduction. Data from mouse models, many that were originally designed to study cancer, are showing that a potential consequence of DNA damage and responses to DNA damage is aging; these models support the hypothesis that at least some aspects of normal aging are the consequence of anticancer mechanisms designed to deal with damaged DNA.
AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: fundamental physics of MR imaging.

Learning the basic concepts required to understand magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a straightforward process. Although the individual concepts are simple, there are many concepts to learn and re...
A multifaceted school-based intervention to reduce risk for type 2 diabetes in at-risk youth.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of a multifaceted, school-based intervention on inner city youth at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to determine whether the addition of coping skills training (CST) and health coaching improves outcomes. Method 198 students in New Haven, CT at risk for T2DM (BMI > 85th percentile and family history of diabetes) were randomized by school to an educational intervention with or without the addition of CST and health coaching. Students were enrolled from 2004 to 2007 and followed for 12 months. Results Students in both groups showed some improvement in anthropometric measures, lipids, and depressive symptoms over 12 months. BMI was not improved by the intervention. Students who received CST showed greater improvement on some indicators of metabolic risk than students who received education only. Conclusion A multifaceted, school-based intervention may hold promise for reducing metabolic risk in urban, minority youth.
Intermediate Language Courses

Author's Summary— This is the third article in the series on language methods at Ohio State. Third- and fourth-quarter courses still stress language as conveying ideas. Methods permit considerable simultaneous practice by all students. Material is more literary than in preceding courses; reading ability is highly developed in coordination with other language skills.
Implications of cavotricuspid isthmus block complicating ablation of a posteroseptal accessory pathway.

Radiofrequency catheter ablation is an effective first-line therapy for symptomatic Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome with an overall success rate of 90–95 % [1]. Certain pathways, however, may prove difficult to ablate successfully, with failures reported in 1–5 % of cases due to a variety of factors, including slanted, broad, or epicardial pathway configurations, location near the conduction system, inadequate power delivery due to unique anatomy such as a diverticulum, or catheter stability [2, 3]. Rarely, ablation of pathways may require higher power delivery or deeper lesions to eliminate pathway conduction [4, 5]. As the need for irrigated tip ablation catheters to achieve successful ablation cannot be known a priori, the proper time to progress from standard ablation catheters to an irrigated tip catheter is based on the judgment of the operator. Due to deeper lesion creation, the use of irrigated tip catheters may result in ablation of collateral structures. We present a case of a right posterior paraseptal pathway that was difficult to ablate at the initial attempt, prompting the use of more powerful ablation tools, and subsequently resulting in cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) conduction block.
Nitric oxide synthase in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inhibited by brefeldin A

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is present within cerebrovascular endothelial cells in a distinct membrane-bound juxtanuclear location. The enzyme product, nitric oxide, causes vasodilation as well as stimulation of ADP-ribosylations of some proteins. The activity of specific stimulatory ADP-ribosylation factors, associated with the Golgi complex (GC), has been shown to be blocked by brefeldin A (BFA). We present evidence that BFA disperses the GC, disrupts NOS/NADPH diaphorase staining and inhibits NOS activity in addition to its previously described activities.
Phenomenology of the 0.7 conductance feature

Abstract We describe a phenomenological model for the conductance feature near 0.7 × 2 e 2 / h that occurs in quantum point contacts. We focus on the transconductance at finite source–drain bias and contrast our model with the results expected from a single-particle picture. Good agreement is seen in comparing the model with experimental data, taken on ultra-low-disorder GaAs induced electron systems. Although simple, our phenomenology suggests important boundary conditions for an underlying microscopic theory.
Grain Boundary Passivation in Multicrystalline Silicon Using Hydrogen Sulfide

A new grain boundary passivation method for multicrystalline silicon using hydrogen sulfide has been developed in this work. It has the added benefit of both hydrogen and sulfur for grain boundary passivation. Minority carrier lifetime of the samples is measured to monitor the effect of passivation. It is found that sulfur passivation takes place at higher temperatures, ∼100◦C higher, than hydrogen passivation, and sulfur passivation results in much higher lifetime gains than hydrogen passivation. Post-annealing in ambient further improves the lifetime of the samples, which is attributed to improved surface passivation on the p-type silicon samples by aluminum oxide. The highest lifetime gain achieved after post-annealing is 6750% over the control sample for hydrogen sulfide annealed samples vs. ∼2400% for forming gas annealed samples. Post-annealing also improves the stability of the passivation. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0301505jss] All rights reserved.
Some new rigidity results for stable orbit equivalence

Broadly speaking, we prove that an action of a group with very little commutativity cannot be stably orbit equivalent to an action of a group with enough commutativity, assuming both actions are free and finite measure preserving. For example, one group may be SL2(ℝ) and the other a group with infinite discrete center (e.g., the universal cover of SL2(ℝ)); I believe this is the first rigidity result of this type for a pair of simpleLie groups both of split rank one. Another example: one group may be any nonelementary word hyperbolic group, the other any group with infinite discrete center.
Toward biophysical synergy: Investigating advection along the Polar Front to identify factors influencing Alaska sablefish recruitment

Abstract In fisheries stock assessment, reliable estimation of year-class strength is often hindered by lack of data on early life history stages and limited knowledge of the underlying environmental processes influencing survival through these stages. One solution to improving these estimates of year-class strength or recruitment is to first develop regional indices representing the spatial and temporal extent of a hypothesized feature influencing a species’ recruitment. These covariates should then be integrated within a population model where a variety of model selection techniques may be conducted to test for a reduction in recruitment uncertainty. The best selected model(s) may provide insight for developing hypotheses of mechanisms influencing recruitment. Here we consider the influence of a large-scale oceanographic feature, the North Pacific Polar Front, on recruitment of Alaska sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria). Our working hypothesis is that advection of oceanic properties along the Polar Front and associated currents plays a key role in shaping the oceanographic climate of Alaskan waters and, hence, the environment that sablefish encounter during their early life history. As a first step in this investigation, we developed time series of sea surface temperature along the Polar Front mean path. We then integrated this data into the recruitment equations of the sablefish assessment base model. Model selection was based on a multistage hypothesis testing procedure combined with cross-validation and a retrospective analysis of prediction error. The impact of the best model was expressed in terms of increased precision of recruitment estimates and proportional changes in female spawning biomass for both current estimates and in future projections. The best model suggested that colder than average wintertime sea surface temperatures in the central North Pacific represent oceanic conditions that create positive recruitment events for sablefish. The incorporation of this index in the sablefish model provided moderate reduction in unexplained recruitment variability and increased future projections of spawning biomass in the medium term. Based on this result, we developed a conceptual model of three mechanisms that in combination form an ocean domain dynamic synergy (ODDS) which influences sablefish survival through the pelagic early life history stage. Successfully incorporating environmental time series into the sablefish assessment could establish a foundation for future ecosystem-based management and allow for more informed and efficient resource allocation to stakeholders.
An Update on Randomized Clinical Trials in Advanced and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

During the past eight years, there have been significant advances in the treatment and outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This is likely the result of improved imaging, staging, chemotherapy, and surgery. After conducting a standardized MEDLINE literature search, this article reviews the prospective randomized controlled trials in advanced colorectal cancer published between May 2001 and October 2008. There are a total of 96 studies, all chemotherapy-related trials, divided into five categories based on trial focus: (1) types of chemotherapy; (2) administration of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable liver metastases; (3) regional chemotherapy with hepatic arterial infusion; (4) molecular markers of chemotherapy efficacy; and (5) duration, dosing, and sequencing of chemotherapy.
Algebraic p-adic expansions

We describe a theory p-adic expansions for algebraic p-adic numbers in which countable ordinal number index sets and p-adically nonconvergent expansions are needed. This theory is used to compute parts of the expansions of the p”th roots of unity and to answer a question of Koblitz [l] about transcendence degrees. We shall use the following notation. Let Cl!, be the p-adic completion of Q for a prime p, a field of cardinality 2 ‘O. Let Qpp be the algebraic closure of Q,, and let CP be its p-adic completion, which is an algebraically closed complete field with a valuation uniquely extended from QP and is also of cardinality 2% Let D, = {z E C,: 1 z 1 < 1 }. Let Qyram be the field consisting of the set of x E% such that the ring extension Q, AD, c Q,(x) n D, is unramified. Let Gym be the p-adic completion of Qym, considered as a subfield of CP. Let 1 *In denote any primitive n th root of unity in C,. We choose in CP one of each rational power of p which together compose a multiplicative group p”, and consider these choices to be fixed throughout this paper. We introduce the field of p-adic ordinal series (or “padic Malcev-Neumann series”) which are formal sums 1 cipr,, where the ii’s are roots of unity in CP of order prime to p (i.e., among representatives for ST), and { ri} is a well-ordered subordered-set of Q. We let an ordinal number i index the term whose preceding terms are ordered by i. If x = x cjp’, then we let xi = cj<, ijp’ denote an initial sum. One checks by translinite induction that the field operations analogous to those of QP are well defined and that this field is complete non-archimedean valued. -. We now define (using the axiom of choice) an embedding of Q, mto the field of p-adic ordinal series which extends the inclusion of pQ and the obvious embedding of Qp, given by p-adic expansion. We successively extend the embedding through a chain of finite field extensions; we continue the argument only for the first extension Q, c QJx). Let f(t) be the minimal polynomial of x over Q,. To determine the p-adic expansion of x,
Agricultural impacts of increased alcohol industry demand for corn: the case of Ohio

Abstract A mathematical programming model was used to forecast the impacts on Ohio's agricultural sector of a moderate increase in alcohol industry demand for corn. Because converting corn into ethanol yields byproduct feeds that can substitute for soybean meal and other commodities, most of the alcohol industry's demand for corn can be satisfied by switching land from the production of soybeans to the production of corn. For this reason, projected levels of ethanol production do not greatly affect crop or livestock prices. This finding is likely to hold for other corn-growing areas in North America.
Heat flow and distribution during induction of general anesthesia.

BackgroundCore hypothermia after induction of general anesthesia results from an internal core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat and a net loss of heat to the environment. However, the relative contributions of each mechanism remain unknown. The authors evaluated regional body heat content a
Modified signed-digit trinary arithmetic by using optical symbolic substitution

Carry-free addition and borrow-free subtraction of modified signed-digit trinary numbers with optical symbolic substitution are presented. The proposed two-step and three-step algorithms can be easily implemented by using phase-only holograms, optical content-addressable memories, a multichannel correlator, or a polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting system.
Naloxone reduces fluid consumption: Relationship of this effect to conditioned taste aversion and morphine dependence

Naloxone reduces fluid consumption in rats. It also produces a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). No reliable correlation was found between these two measures, suggesting that the reductions in drinking are unrelated to the illness-producing effects indexed by the CTA test. Measures of CTA using naloxone were also uncorrelated with measures of voluntary oral consumption of sweetened morphine solutions. In addition, naloxone suppression of drinking was unaffected by prior morphine administration with the administration of morphine given in a variety of ways, including dependence-producing regimens of injections.
The support of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation by airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds

Nanofiber scaffolds are effective for tissue engineering since they emulate the fibrous nanostructure of native extracellular matrix (ECM). Although electrospinning has been the most common approach for fabricating nanofiber scaffolds, airbrushing approaches have also been advanced for making nanofibers. For airbrushing, compressed gas is used to blow polymer solution through a small nozzle which shears the polymer solution into fibers. Our goals were 1) to assess the versatility of airbrushing, 2) to compare the properties of airbrushed and electrospun nanofiber scaffolds and 3) to test the ability of airbrushed nanofibers to support stem cell differentiation. The results demonstrated that airbrushing could produce nanofibers from a wide range of polymers and onto a wide range of targets. Airbrushing was safer, 10-fold faster, 100-fold less expensive to set-up and able to deposit nanofibers onto a broader range of targets than electrospinning. Airbrushing yielded nanofibers that formed loosely packed bundles of aligned nanofibers, while electrospinning produced un-aligned, single nanofibers that were tightly packed and highly entangled. Airbrushed nanofiber mats had larger pores, higher porosity and lower modulus than electrospun mats, results that were likely caused by the differences in morphology (nanofiber packing and entanglement). Airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds fabricated from 4 different polymers were each able to support osteogenic differentiation of primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). Finally, the differences in airbrushed versus electrospun nanofiber morphology caused differences in hBMSC shape where cells had a smaller spread area and a smaller volume on airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds. These results highlight the advantages and disadvantages of airbrushing versus electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds and demonstrate that airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds can support stem cell differentiation.
Hydrogen release in SiO2: Source sites and release mechanisms

Abstract We investigate molecular scale mechanisms for radiation-induced release of hydrogen from precursor sites using density functional theory applied to a fully periodic model of SiO 2 . We focus on proton release from H-decorated oxygen vacancies in the bulk oxide. After hole-capture at the vacancy, a proton can hop to an energetically favorable bound state at a neighboring oxygen atom. In α-quartz, this release mechanism has an activation energy of about 1.2 eV. In amorphous silica, this hop has a range of low barriers, from 0.1 to 0.5 eV. Furthermore, another proton release mechanism involves cracking of H 2 molecules by a reaction with an isolated, positively charged Si-dangling bond.