cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Number theoretic transforms to implement fast digital convolution

Transforms using number theoretic concepts are developed as a method for fast and error-free calculation of finite digital convolution. The transforms are defined on finite fields and rings of integers with arithmetic carried out modulo an integer and it is shown that under certain conditions this gives the same results as conventional digital convolution. Because of these characteristics they are ideally suited to digital computation by taking into account quantization of amplitude as well as time in their definition. When the modulus is chosen as a Fermat number a transform results that requires only on the order of N log N additions and word shifts but no multiplications. In addition to being efficient, they have no roundoff error and do not require storage of basis functions. There is a restriction on sequence length imposed by word length and a problem with overflow but methods for overcoming these are presented. Results of an implementation on an IBM 370/155 are presented and compared with the fast Fourier transform showing a substantial improvement in efficiency and accuracy. Variations on the basic number theoretic transforms are also presented.
Autonomy in Action: Bureaucratic Competition Among Functional Rivals in Denver Water Politics

Ascribing motivation to bureaucratic behavior has been a longstanding problem in public policy scholarship. Most examinations of bureaucratic motivation explore two competing theories. Some contend that government managers are primarily motivated by the quest for more resources, widely known as aggrandizement. Others assert that government managers are preoccupied with organizational of agency competition in situations where functional rivalry exists as a means of examining these theories. Recently, Kunioka and Rothenberg (1993) concluded that government managers in the U.S. Forest Service and the National Park Service were more concerned with agency autonomy than with aggrandizement because they did not show competitive inclinations. This article seeks to demonstrate that government managers in autonomous agencies reveal competitive behaviors when core tasks are threatened. It also presents an analytical framework based on three overt behaviors that can be used to examine autonomy in action. The analytical framework is applied to the Denver Water Board's behavior in the context of Colorado water politics.
Varenicline Blocks β2*-nAChR–Mediated Response and Activates β4*-nAChR–Mediated Responses in Mice In Vivo

INTRODUCTION The smoking cessation aid, varenicline, has higher affinity for the alpha4beta2-subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α4β2*-nAChR) than for other subtypes of nAChRs by in vitro assays. The mechanism of action of acute varenicline was studied in vivo to determine (a) subtype activation associated with physiological effects and (b) dose relationship as an antagonist of nicotine. METHODS Acute doses of saline, nicotine, and varenicline were given to mice, and locomotor depression and hypothermia were measured. Subunit null mutant mice as well as selective antagonists were used to study mode of action of varenicline as an agonist. Varenicline as an antagonist of nicotine was also investigated. RESULTS Varenicline evokes locomotor depression and hypothermia at higher doses than necessary for nicotine. Null mutation of the α7- or β2-nAChR subunit did not decrease the effectiveness of varenicline; however, null mutation of the β4 subunit significantly decreased the magnitude of the varenicline effect. Effects of the highest dose studied were blocked by mecamylamine (general nAChR antagonist) and partially antagonized by hexamethonium (largely peripheral nAChR antagonist). No significant block was seen with ondansetron antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor. Using a dose of nicotine selective for β2*-nAChR subtype effects with these tests, dose-dependent antagonism by varenicline was seen. Effective inhibitory doses were determined and appear to be in a range consistent with binding affinity or desensitization of β2*-nAChRs. CONCLUSIONS Varenicline acts as a functional antagonist of β2*-nAChRs, blocking certain effects of nicotine. At higher doses, varenicline is an agonist of β4*-nAChRs producing physiological changes in mice.
Novel environment suppression of stallion sexual behavior and effects of diazepam

Abstract Pony stallions were given sexual behavior trials in experimental “home” and “novel” environments, similar in all major features except location. In the novel environment, erection latency was increased and erection time decreased. Treatment with an anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative (diazepam) appeared to block these effects.
Defect-mediated stability: an effective hydrodynamic theory of spatiotemporal chaos

Abstract Spatiotemporal chaos (STC) exhibited by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation is investigated analytically and numerically. An effective stochastic equation belonging to the KPZ universality class is constructed by incorporating the chaotic dynamics of the small KS system in a coarse-graining procedure. The bare parameters of the effective theory are computed approximately. Stability of the system is shown to be mediated by space-time defects that are accompanied by stochasticity. The method of analysis and the mechanism of stability may be relevant to a class of STC problems.
Crust and upper mantle shear wave structure of the southwest United States: Implications for rifting and support for high elevation

[1] Surface wave phase velocities from 29 earthquakes are used to map the shear velocity structure to � 350 km depth across the 950-km-long Rio Grande Rift Seismic Transect Experiment (LA RISTRA) seismic array in the southwest United States. Events from a range of back azimuths minimize the effects of multipathing. The resulting velocity model reveals a transition in lithospheric thickness from 200 km in the Great Plains to 45–55 km beneath the Rio Grande Rift, thickening beneath the Colorado Plateau to 120–150 km. The upper mantle low-velocity signature of the rift is roughly twice the width of its surface morphology. An asthenospheric low-velocity channel underlies the region west of the Great Plains and extends to 300 km depth. This channel is likely the result of warm mantle infill behind the sinking Farallon plate. Buoyant forces within this channel are sufficient to support much of the high elevation of the rift and plateau. No evidence for a deep mantle source is found beneath the rift, implying that present rifting is not driven by deep mantle upwelling. Velocities from 55 to 90 km beneath the rift axis are 10% slower than beneath the Great Plains, consistent with small amounts of partial melt. Low velocities extend to 200–300 km depth on either side of the rift but not directly beneath it, forming an inverted-U shape. This feature may reflect mantle that has cooled through vertical advection in a subadiabatic environment. Upwelling may be reinforced by small-scale convection caused by variations in lithospheric thickness and shallow mantle temperatures. INDEX TERMS: 7205 Seismology: Continental crust (1242); 7255 Seismology: Surface waves and free oscillations; 8109 Tectonophysics: Continental tectonics—extensional (0905); 8120 Tectonophysics: Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle—general; KEYWORDS: surface waves, continental rifting, upper mantle structure
Upper thoracic respiratory interneurons integrate noxious somatic and visceral information in rats.

The aim of this study was to determine if thoracic respiratory interneurons (TRINs) might receive peripheral noxious somatic and visceral inputs. Extracellular potentials of 78 respiration-related ...
Putting the Person into Person-Centered and Immediate Emotional Support Emotional Change and Perceived Helper Competence as Outcomes of Comforting in Helping Situations

The goal of this study was to assess the effects of comforting messages using both experienced emotional change by the help recipient and help recipients’ judgments of the helper’s competence. A hypothesized path model proposed relationships between two comforting message factors (verbal person centeredness and nonverbal immediacy) and the two outcomes (emotional change and evaluations of helper competence). Data were generated from an experiment in which 258 participants disclosed a mildly upsetting event to a confederate trained to display different levels of person centeredness and nonverbal immediacy. Participants subsequently completed a set of instruments tapping both their emotional state and the perceived competence of the helper on four dimensions (help motivation, supportiveness, conversation management, and expressiveness). A modified model with two added paths fit the data well and revealed not only that people felt significantly better but also that they viewed the helper as more supportive a...
Expression of Pax gene family members in the anthozoan cnidarian, Nematostella vectensis

Pax genes are a family of homeodomain transcription factors that have been isolated from protostomes (e.g., eight in Drosophilia) and deuterostomes (e.g., nine in vertebrates) as well as outside the Bilateria, from sponges, a placozoan, and several classes of cnidarians. The genome of an anthozoan cnidarian, the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, has been surveyed by both degenerate polymerase chain reaction and in silico for the presence of Pax genes. N. vectensis possesses seven Pax genes, which are orthologous to cnidarian Pax genes (A,B,C, and D) previously identified in another anthozoan, a coral, Acropora millepora. Phylogenetic analyses including data from nonchordate deuterostomes indicates that there were five Pax gene classes in the protostome-deuterostome ancestor, but only three in the cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor, with PaxD class genes lost in medusozoan cnidarians. Pax genes play diverse roles in bilaterians, including eye formation (e.g., Pax6), segmentation (e.g., Pax3/7 class genes), and neural patterning (e.g., Pox-neuro, Pax2/5/8). We show the first expression data for members of all four Pax classes in a single species of cnidarian. N. vectensis Pax genes are expressed in both a cell-type and region-specific manner during embryogenesis, and likely play a role in patterning specific components of the cnidarian ectodermal nerve net. The results of these patterns are discussed with respect to Pax gene evolution in the Bilateria.
History for a practice profession

This essay explores the meaning of history for a practice profession. It argues that our clinical backgrounds suggest particular kinds of historical questions that colleagues with different backgrounds would not think to ask. This essay poses three possible questions as examples. What if we place the day after day work of caring for the sick - that which is nursing - at the center of an institution's history? What if we were to embrace a sense of nurses and nursing work as truly diverse and different? What if we were to analytically engage the reluctance of the large number of nurses to formally embrace feminism? This essay acknowledges that these are not the only possible questions and, in the end, they most likely will not even be the important ones. But this essay does argue that we, who are both clinicians and historians, need to more seriously consider the implications of our questions for disciplinary practice and research. It argues, in the end, that the meaning of history to a practice profession lies in our questions: questions that are different than those raised by other methods, and questions that may escape notice in the press of daily practice and research.
When can a news organization lead public opinion

Do news organizations purposefully lead the public to support a particular ideological agenda? When debating this question, many analysts draw conclusions from weak empirical evidence. We introduce a model that clarifies how a news organization's internal structure combines with market forces to affect when it can lead public opinion. We identify conditions under which liberal reporters or politically-driven media magnates can achieve ideological goals. We also illuminate important barriers that prevent many would-be public opinion leaders from ever satisfying these conditions. We show that internal structure and market forces are critical determinants of any news organization's power over public opinion.
A review of: "Wave propagation: An invariant imbedding approach"

Abstract Richard Bellman and Ramabhadra Vaaudevan, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 1986. xiv + 367pp., $54.50.
Starter Unit Flexibility for Engineered Product Synthesis by the Nonreducing Polyketide Synthase PksA

Nonreducing polyketide synthases (NR-PKSs) are unique among PKSs in their domain structure, notably including a starter unit:acyl-carrier protein (ACP) transacylase (SAT) domain that selects an acyl group as the primer for biosynthesis, most commonly acetyl-CoA from central metabolism. This clan of mega-enzymes resembles fatty acid synthases (FASs) by sharing both their central chain elongation steps and their capacity for iterative catalysis. In this mode of synthesis, catalytic domains involved in chain extension exhibit substrate plasticity to accommodate growing chains as small as two carbons to 20 or more. PksA is the NR-PKS central to the biosynthesis of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 whose SAT domain accepts an unusual hexanoyl starter from a dedicated yeast-like FAS. Explored in this paper is the ability of PksA to utilize a selection of potential starter units as substrates to initiate and sustain extension and cyclization to on-target, programmed polyketide synthesis. Most of these starter units wer...
Optical mapping and nanocoding approaches to whole-genome analysis

Recent application of microfluidic and nanofluidic approaches to genomics has enabled rapid analysis of whole human and other large genomes. Here, we present a review of optical mapping and nanocoding, two single-molecule whole-genome analysis systems, which are used for physical mapping of genomes. Optical mapping employs a microfluidic device, fabricated using soft lithography approaches, to achieve DNA presentation via DNA flow in microchannels. On the other hand, nanocoding leverages DNA confinement in nanoscale devices to achieve DNA presentation. In this review, we focus on the physical principles underlying DNA presentation in both of these systems and the application of these approaches towards better understanding of genomic structure and structural variation.
Changes in Hospital Admissions and Mortality for Complications of Cirrhosis: Implications for Clinicians and Health Systems

The prevalence of chronic liver disease and the resulting cirrhosis is increasing in various countries around the world. In the United States, between approximately 1990 and 2010 we have observed an overall increase in the prevalence of chronic liver disease to 15% of the entire population,1 and with that a 43% increase in deaths due to cirrhosis and a 118% increase in deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).2 With cirrhosis comes the increased risk of complications that require hospitalization, which are often prolonged, expensive, and have a high mortality. In this context, Kim and colleagues3 describe the complications requiring hospital admission and causes of death in 2,165 patients from five referral hospitals in South Korea for the years of 2002 and 2011. The study is notable for several major findings. First, despite the fact that hepatitis B is the most common cause of cirrhosis in Korea, the majority of patients hospitalized for cirrhotic complications had cirrhosis due to alcohol in 2002 (52%), which decreased only slightly in 2011 (49%). Second, the major causes of hospitalizations in the earlier time period were variceal bleeding followed by hepatic encephalopathy (HE), ascites, and hepatic failure; whereas in the later time period there was a relative reduction in HE and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), with an increase in hepatocellular cancer and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Third, they observed little change in hospital mortality, 8.6% in 2002 to 9.1% in 2011. Interestingly, the trend over time for cause of hospital death decreased for variceal bleeding, HE, and SBP, but increased for the more end stage causes of hepatic failure and HRS; changes that were most striking for patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. These findings are obviously limited by the known limitations of retrospective medical record data extraction, and more data related to Model for End-stage Liver Disease or Child-Pugh scores, length of hospitalization, and readmissions would have been useful. The strength of the study is the relatively large number of patients from five referral centers that would be broadly representative of similar referral centers in countries with universal combined government and private insurance.
Competition Between Photoionization and Two-Photon Raman Coupling

In transitions between bound states, multiphoton processes become important at higher laser intensities when the Rabi-frequency is comparable to or larger than the width of the transition line. This has been shown, e.g., in the study of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom [1]. Bound-free transitions, however, cannot be saturated owing to the large width of the continuum. Consequently, multiphoton processes should not be important. The only effects expected at higher laser intensities are depletion of the bound state population and possibly continuum-continuum transitions, the latter resulting in multiple peaks in the photo-electron energy spectrum [2].
Text simplification for language learners: a corpus analysis.

Simplified texts are commonly used by teachers and students in bilingual education and other language-learning contexts. These texts are usually manually adapted, and teachers say this is a timeconsuming and sometimes challenging task. Our goal is the development of tools to aid teachers by automatically proposing ways to simplify texts. As a first step, this paper presents a detailed analysis of a corpus of news articles and abridged versions written by a literacy organization in order to learn what kinds of changes people make when simplifying texts for language learners.
D. W. Griffith and the Birth of the Movies

Film was not invented to make movies possible. The Lumiere brothers' first public screening in 1895 was the culmination of innumerable technical developments that finally allowed films to be made and projected, but the invention of film did not immediately give rise to movies as we know them. Within ten years, film had become a sizable industry and medium of popular entertainment, but news films, travelogues, films of vaudeville acts, trick films, and gag films were the dominant forms. Even as late as 1907, dramatic narratives constituted only one-sixth of the “product.” The turning point came in 1908. With the sudden growth of nickelodeons, respectable theaters intended primarily for the screening of films, producers turned to such “legitimate” fare as adaptations of novels and stage plays, and the dramatic narrative became the dominant form of film, as it has remained to this day. It was at this critical – and rather mysterious – juncture that the technology of film decisively linked up with the incipient idea of movies. Not entirely coincidentally, it was in 1908 that David Wark Griffith directed his first film. Griffith was a struggling actor from Kentucky, no longer young, with fading dreams of attaining immortality as a playwright. In desperation, he accepted work with the American Biograph Company as a movie actor. When Biograph needed a new director, he stepped in.
Labor Rights and Multinational Production: Workers in the Global Economy

Multinational companies have turned back the clock, transferring production to countries with labor conditions that resemble those in the early period of America’s own industrialization. (Collinsworth et al. 1994, p. 9) In every region of the world, workers often are treated poorly: Some are denied the rights to unionize and strike by their governments, while others are blacklisted from employment if they assert their legally mandated right to organize. Still others work very long hours with no overtime pay, with exposure to noxious chemicals or to sexual harassment by management. For instance, in its 2007 annual survey of trade union rights, the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) documents the deaths of 144 trade unionists; nearly 5,000 arrests for union-related activities; and over 8,000 dismissals from employment for reasons related to unionization. These violations of collective labor rights are concentrated in some countries; for instance, Colombia leads the world in trade unionist disappearances and deaths. At the same time, though, the ITUC documents denials of collective labor rights in 138 nations, including both developed and developing countries, and in sectors ranging from bananas and coffee to electronics and pharmaceuticals. Violations of individual labor rights – working hours, overtime pay, health, and safety – are similarly widespread. A decade ago, reports of abuses in many of Nike’s supplier factories received widespread public attention; these included the underpayment of wages by subcontractors in Indonesia, the use of child labor in the production of soccer balls in Pakistan, and exposure of workers in China and Vietnam to a variety of dangerous chemicals (Locke 2001). Activists routinely document the abuse of agricultural sector workers, such as the widespread use (and abuse) of child workers in Ecuador’s banana sector (Human Rights Watch 2002). Additionally, the expansion of China’s exports has been accompanied by a growth in reports of abuses in Chinese factories, in sectors ranging from apparel to toys to electronics.
The Vestibular System

The vestibular system of the inner ear is designed to detect linear acceleration (maculae) and angular acceleration (cristae). Both organs contain hair cells with stereocilia (“hairs”) that detect deflection toward or away from a polarizing kinocilium. Hair cells respond to these deflections by an increase or decrease in transmitter release, respectively, from a constant baseline release. This transmitter generates action potentials in the vestibular nerve fibers that are transmitted to the vestibular complex in the dorsolateral brain stem and to the vestibulocerebellum. The vestibular complex projects to: the spinal cord to change muscle tone in response to vestibular stimuli; the extraocular nuclei to stabilize the eyes with head movement (vestibulo-ocular reflex); the reticular formation to produce autonomic changes in response to vestibular stimulation; the thalamus for relay to the cortex for perception of movement; and interconnects with the vestibulocerebellum to allow for adjustment of vestibular responses due to changing conditions.
Extreme mooring tensions due to snap loads on a floating offshore wind turbine system

Abstract Many floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) concepts are light displacement platforms moored in shallow water and exposed to significant storms with high winds. Shock loads (also called snap loads) on the mooring lines can occur when an FOWT experiences large wave- and wind-induced motions. A typical snap event is characterized by a temporary slackness in the line followed by a sharp spike in tension whose magnitude can considerably exceed typical values of local tension maxima. In this study, we investigate seven experimental tests of a moored FOWT under survival storm conditions (i.e., a 100-year storm). For all these cases, the significant wave height and peak wave period are held constant at 10.5 m and 14.3 s respectively, while the wind speed is varied from 0 to 30.5 m/s. The wind conditions range from a steady wind to turbulent wind characterized by a chosen spectrum. Several snap events are found to result in the windward mooring line. The duration of these events range from 7.5 to 10.5 s, and the maximum tension values recorded are 37–68% higher than the corresponding cyclic non-snap tension maxima. The dynamic tension in the measured time histories are separated into snap-induced events and those that are not associated with a snap event based on criteria specified in marine operation practices; probability distributions of these separate events are analyzed. The exceedance probability curve of the dynamic tension in the higher ranges contributed to by snap-induced tension shows different characteristics compared to the lower tension range values that are related to the cyclic dynamic tension. There appears to be a clear demarcation point for this change in the probability curve characteristics. We propose a composite Weibull probability distribution for the mooring line dynamic tension that incorporates the effects of snap events. The model is composed of two Weibull distributions with different characteristics on either side of a transition tension value, and whose parameters are estimated from test data. The transition tension is related to the maximum cyclic dynamic tension in an extreme storm event, as specified by recommended practices. The proposed distribution model provides a good fit to the measured tension data, particularly in the extreme range. A design extreme value is developed for systems where snap loads are generally non-existent or are associated with very low probabilities of occurrence. When the shock load incidence probability is higher, the developed composite Weibull distribution model could offer a good starting point for the prediction of extreme dynamic tensions of a FOWT mooring system.
Human Papillomavirus Testing by Veterans Administration Women's Health Providers: Are They Adhering to Guidelines?

Abstract Background: Evidence-based guidelines have been created by professional societies, including the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP), for use of human papillomavirus (HPV) cotesting in cervical cancer screening. We investigated whether Veterans Health Administration (VA) providers at one VA medical center follow these guidelines. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review of women aged 21–65 who had an HPV test ordered with pap testing in fiscal year 2014 at one Veterans Administration (VA) medical center to evaluate concordance of HPV ordering with screening (USPSTF) and management (ASCCP) guidelines. We collected data on patient characteristics and gynecologic history and documented the reason, if given, for HPV testing. Results: Of the 210 eligible HPV tests evaluated, 142 tests (68%) were determined to be guideline discordant. Of the 142 guideline-discordant tests, 90 had no documented reason for HPV t...
Understanding the extracellular forces that determine cell fate and maintenance

Stem cells interpret signals from their microenvironment while simultaneously modifying the niche through secreting factors and exerting mechanical forces. Many soluble stem cell cues have been determined over the past century, but in the past decade, our molecular understanding of mechanobiology has advanced to explain how passive and active forces induce similar signaling cascades that drive self-renewal, migration, differentiation or a combination of these outcomes. Improvements in stem cell culture methods, materials and biophysical tools that assess function have improved our understanding of these cascades. Here, we summarize these advances and offer perspective on ongoing challenges.
The Marxist Conception of Science

With the disappearance of Josef Stalin and, hopefully, of the Stalinist dogmatic interpretation of Marxist thinking, both the Marxist and the non-Marxist worlds have been given an opportunity — previously either not available or not considered fruitful - of reexamining the sources of Marxism and coming to a more nuanced understanding of its subtleties. Not least significant among the reinterpretations thus made possible is that of the’ scientific’ character of the Marxist theory of history as an explanation of socio-economic development.
Securing ZigBee Commercial Communications Using Constellation Based Distinct Native Attribute Fingerprinting

This work provides development of Constellation Based DNA (CB-DNA) Fingerprinting for use in systems employing quadrature modulations and includes network protection demonstrations for ZigBee offset quadrature phase shift keying modulation. Results are based on 120 unique networks comprised of seven authorized ZigBee RZSUBSTICK devices, with three additional like-model devices serving as unauthorized rogue devices. Authorized network device fingerprints are used to train a Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) classifier and Rogue Rejection Rate (RRR) estimated for 2520 attacks involving rogue devices presenting themselves as authorized devices. With MDA training thresholds set to achieve a True Verification Rate (TVR) of TVR = 95% for authorized network devices, the collective rogue device detection results for SNR ≥ 12 dB include average burst-by-burst RRR ≈ 94% across all 2520 attack scenarios with individual rogue device attack performance spanning 83.32% < RRR < 99.81%.
Validation of a clinically applicable flow cytometric assay for the detection of immunoglobulin associated platelets in dogs

Abstract Thrombocytopenia is commonly encountered in veterinary practice when evaluating canine patients. It can occur in infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory, toxic, and immune-mediated conditions. Elucidating the underlying cause for thrombocytopenia can therefore represent a challenge to veterinary practitioners. Additionally, determination of whether an immune process could be contributing to a patient’s thrombocytopenia is important for refining differentials and enhancing understanding of a particular disease process. A possible candidate test for the development of a clinically applicable assay in dogs is flow cytometry. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a clinically applicable direct and indirect flow cytometric assay for the detection of canine immunoglobulin associated platelets. Direct and indirect flow cytometry was performed in nine healthy beagles and twelve client-owned thrombocytopenic dogs at four time points: fresh and after 24, 48, and 72 h of storage at 4 °C. For healthy dogs, there was no significant difference between fresh and 24 and 48 h samples but there was a significant difference between fresh and 72 h samples. There was no significant difference between fresh and 24, 48, or 72 h samples in the thrombocytopenic dogs. A cut-off value of ≤ 10% antibody binding was defined to differentiate negative and positive classifications and was determined by serial direct flow evaluations in a healthy dog. Based on this cut-off value, healthy and thrombocytopenic dogs were consistently categorized at every time point. The average intra-assay coefficient of variation for the thrombocytopenic dogs was 4.32%. The indirect flow cytometric methods evaluated herein did not provide reliable or repeatable results in healthy or thrombocytopenic dogs. Direct flow cytometry represents a potentially clinically useful test for the detection of immunoglobulin associated platelets in dogs that can be processed and evaluated within a realistic amount of time which would allow for testing in a larger number of patients. Based on the findings from this study using our protocols, indirect flow cytometry was not clinically applicable in dogs.
EFFECTS OF PLA SURFACE MICRO COATINGS ON BONE INGROWTH INTO POROUS CORALLINE HYDROXYAPATITE

In this study, a porous synthetic hydroxyapatite was microcoated with three different thicknesses of PLA and compared to uncoated samples in an in vivo model to determine the effect of coating on bone ingrowth. Coatings were mixtures of chloroform and DL-polylactic acid in ratios of 3:1, 10:1, and 30:1. These coated specimens, along with uncoated specimens, were implanted transcortically into the tibiae of New Zealand White rabbits. At 12 weeks the specimens with 3:1 and 10:1 coatings seemed to inhibit bone ingrowth as measured from interface shear tests (p<.025), and to a lesser degree so did 30:1. However, at 24 weeks, possibly due to degradation of the coating, interface shear strength in specimens with all coating thicknesses was not statistically different from the shear strength in uncoated specimens.
Implementation of the NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Line Panel to Screen 2260 Cancer Drug Combinations to Generate >3 Million Data Points Used to Populate a Large Matrix of Anti-Neoplastic Agent Combinations (ALMANAC) Database

Animal and clinical studies demonstrate that cancer drug combinations (DCs) are more effective than single agents. However, it is difficult to predict which DCs will be more efficacious than individual drugs. Systematic DC high-throughput screening (HTS) of 100 approved drugs in the National Cancer Institute's panel of 60 cancer cell lines (NCI-60) produced data to help select DCs for further consideration. We miniaturized growth inhibition assays into 384-well format, increased the fetal bovine serum amount to 10%, lengthened compound exposure to 72 h, and used a homogeneous detection reagent. We determined the growth inhibition 50% values of individual drugs across 60 cell lines, selected drug concentrations for 4 × 4 DC matrices (DCMs), created DCM master and replica daughter plate sets, implemented the HTS, quality control reviewed the data, and analyzed the results. A total of 2620 DCMs were screened in 60 cancer cell lines to generate 3.04 million data points for the NCI ALMANAC (A Large Matrix of Anti-Neoplastic Agent Combinations) database. We confirmed in vitro a synergistic drug interaction flagged in the DC HTS between the vinca-alkaloid microtubule assembly inhibitor vinorelbine (Navelbine) tartrate and the epidermal growth factor-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) in the SK-MEL-5 melanoma cell line. Seventy-five percent of the DCs examined in the screen are not currently in the clinical trials database. Selected synergistic drug interactions flagged in the DC HTS described herein were subsequently confirmed by the NCI in vitro, evaluated mechanistically, and were shown to have greater than single-agent efficacy in mouse xenograft human cancer models. Enrollment is open for two clinical trials for DCs that were identified in the DC HTS. The NCI ALMANAC database therefore constitutes a valuable resource for selecting promising DCs for confirmation, mechanistic studies, and clinical translation.
Abstract WP484: Care Coordination Barriers at Key Transition Points in Post-Ischemic Stroke Care - the Case for Nurse Navigators

Background: Post-stroke, patients and caregivers require a wide array of services to promote recovery, facilitate risk factor reduction, and reduce adverse events. Providers face the challenge of c...
Abstract 228: RNA Aptamer 9.14T79VRT7 Modifies Canine Ex vivo Platelet Reactivity

Objective: To compare the prophylactic and thrombolytic effects of RNA aptamer (9.14T79VRT7) on ex vivo canine platelet function. Approach and Results: We previously demonstrated that inhibition of...
Real-time guidance of radiofrequency ablation catheter contact orientation with cardiac tissue using optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

An important parameter that affects the quality of radiofrequency ablation lesions that are produced is the contact angle and contact orientation. Both are challenging to determine in vivo, and a method to classify that information and provide feedback in real time could potentially titrate the energy dose and increase the success rates of this treatment. In our work, a grin lens-terminated single mode fiber was integrated into a commercial RFA catheter to allow for M-mode OCT imaging at the catheter tip. Ventricular wedges were dissected from four fresh swine hearts and submerged in whole blood. M-mode imaging was performed in four different orientations: non-contact, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees. One contact classifier with two sub-classifiers was developed to classify whether the catheter is in proper contact with the tissue and the angle of the catheter when it is in contact. This classifier is based on convolutional neural networks and used keras as developing framework with tensorflow backend. We achieved 98.51% accuracy in the "contact" or "noncontact" classifier and 91.21% in the orientation classifier with 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 90 degrees as outputs. We successfully tested the contact quality classifier in real time and achieved high accuracy in 0.0053 seconds for a group of 20 A-lines. These results support the potential of having the guidance of catheter placement during the RFA therapy using OCT image and pre-trained classifiers. Future experiments will further test M-mode OCT and our processing algorithm within a larger sample size and demonstrate the utility in vivo.
Patterns of North American Women Authorship in 2 Allergy/Immunology Journals: 1997-2017.

Background Disparities in the frequency of publications by gender have been reported in various medical subspecialties. Objective Review author gender in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology from 1997 to 2017. Methods Data on frequency and patterns of authorship by gender were collected in 5-year intervals and analyzed by journal, article type, and year of publication. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with a greater likelihood of first authors being women. We compared these patterns with the frequency of women AAAAI (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology) members and AAAAI fellows-in-training. Results Women were first authors in 36.5% of publications, increasing from 26.6% in 1997 to 48.1% in 2017 (P Conclusions Women authorship has become more frequent in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. The probability of women being first authors is more likely in articles with women as last authors, implying that mentorship of women by women may encourage women to become more active in scholarship.
Learning benefits by integrating design, manufacturing, and testing in a course for compressible flow visualizations

Although engineering is by nature an applied and interdisciplinary field, courses in engineering can lead even the best students to develop knowledge that is disconnected from other related fields ...
Structural Learning of Proteins Using Graph Convolutional Neural Networks

Abstract The exponential growth of protein structure databases has motivated the development of efficient deep learning methods that perform structural analysis tasks at large scale, ranging from the classification of experimentally determined proteins to the quality assessment and ranking of computationally generated protein models in the context of protein structure prediction. Yet, the literature discussing these methods does not usually interpret what the models learned from the training or identify specific data attributes that contribute to the classification or regression task. While 3D and 2D CNNs have been widely used to deal with structural data, they have several limitations when applied to structural proteomics data. We pose that graph-based convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) are an efficient alternative while producing results that are interpretable. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of GCNNs to protein structure classification problems. We define a novel spatial graph convolution network architecture which employs graph reduction methods to reduce the total number of trainable parameters and promote abstraction in interme-diate representations. We show that GCNNs are able to learn effectively from simplistic graph representations of protein structures while providing the ability to interpret what the network learns during the training and how it applies it to perform its task. GCNNs perform comparably to their 2D CNN counterparts in predictive performance and they are outperformed by them in training speeds. The graph-based data representation allows GCNNs to be a more efficient option over 3D CNNs when working with large-scale datasets as preprocessing costs and data storage requirements are negligible in comparison.
Oddments: A miscellany of English etymologies (part 2)

This multi-part study continues an inquiry earlier initiated in these pages into words listed in Oxford English dictionary as still without satisfactory etymologies. Loans from a variety of source languages are reviewed, accompanied by commentary on earlier lexicographical praxis as it relates to various popular registers of English.
Data Analytics and Predictive Analytics: How Technology Fits into the Equation

The purpose of this research is to inform readers about data analytics and predictive analytics through their various applications and examples of their benefits. Technology is becoming more integrated into daily life, and the amount of data that is obtained and processed by that technology is quite robust. Most people with accounts that are connected to the Internet have their data collected by these companies. Then, they either package and sell the data or use it for marketing purposes. Also, data analytics is an integral part of artificial intelligence development. Despite predominantly being used for marketing other companies, such as healthcare, providers can use existing healthcare information to predict the development of other future complications. This field is vast and growing at a rapid rate, with more technological devices becoming commonplace. Thus, it is essential to understand the benefits and drawbacks of this technology, as it will be an integral aspect of life in the coming years.
Evidence of Systemic Absorption of Enteral Budesonide in Patients with Fontan-Associated Protein-Losing Enteropathy.

To evaluate for evidence of systemic glucocorticoid absorption in cases of Fontan-associated protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) treated with enteral budesonide, we reviewed the charts of 27 patients with Fontan-associated PLE followed at Children’s Hospital Colorado from 2005 to 2018. Cases were excluded for lack of budesonide thserapy or a treatment duration of less than 6 months. Charts were examined by two endocrinologists for review of prior biochemical endocrine evaluations, alterations in linear growth, and physical exam findings consistent with steroid excess. Twelve patients met inclusion criteria. Eight had prior documented cortisol screening. Three patients were tested while on treatment with a median fasting AM cortisol of 0.9 mcg/dL; two of these had a concomitantly measured ACTH, both below the detectable limit. Five patients were tested while weaning or having discontinued budesonide, with a median fasting AM cortisol of 9.1 mcg/dL. Eleven patients had decreases in height velocity associated with starting budesonide. Six patients had documentation of cushingoid features by an endocrinologist. In this cohort of children treated with budesonide for PLE following Fontan, clinical signs of systemic glucocorticoid absorption were frequent. Cortisol secretion was suppressed while on therapy, with adrenal recovery noted once budesonide was discontinued. Growth failure and cushingoid features were common findings. While these findings should be confirmed in larger cohorts, we recommend that the evaluation for systemic absorption of exogenous steroids be considered in patients treated with long-term enteral budesonide given the potential risk for adrenal crisis in times of physiologic stressors.
Uncovering Aspects of Meaningful Engagement in Relation to Time Use Across Varying Socioeconomic Levels

Date Presented 04/04/19 This poster describes how individuals living above and below the federal poverty line spend their time engaged in occupation and the meaningfulness associated with this time-use. Results from this study indicate that systematic barriers, such as poverty, may influence how individuals spend their time and the type and amount of meaning associated with their time-use. This information may be used to guide the OT process when working with individuals at varying socioeconomic levels. Primary Author and Speaker: Ashley Koralewski Additional Authors and Speakers: Adam Newcomer, Laura Schmelzer
Carbonate facies-specific stable isotope data record climate, hydrology, and microbial communities in Great Salt Lake, UT.

Organic and inorganic stable isotopes of lacustrine carbonate sediments are commonly used in reconstructions of ancient terrestrial ecosystems and environments. Microbial activity and local hydrological inputs can alter porewater chemistry (e.g., pH, alkalinity) and isotopic composition (e.g., δ¹⁸O_(water), δ¹³C_(DIC)), which in turn has the potential to impact the stable isotopic compositions recorded and preserved in lithified carbonate. The fingerprint these syngenetic processes have on lacustrine carbonate facies is yet unknown, however, and thus, reconstructions based on stable isotopes may misinterpret diagenetic records as broader climate signals. Here, we characterize geochemical and stable isotopic variability of carbonate minerals, organic matter, and water within one modern lake that has known microbial influences (e.g., microbial mats and microbialite carbonate) and combine these data with the context provided by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing community profiles. Specifically, we measure oxygen, carbon, and clumped isotopic compositions of carbonate sediments (δ¹⁸Ocarb, δ¹³C_(carb), ∆₄₇), as well as carbon isotopic compositions of bulk organic matter (δ¹³C_(org)) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; δ¹³C_(DIC)) of lake and porewater in Great Salt Lake, Utah from five sites and three seasons. We find that facies equivalent to ooid grainstones provide time‐averaged records of lake chemistry that reflect minimal alteration by microbial activity, whereas microbialite, intraclasts, and carbonate mud show greater alteration by local microbial influence and hydrology. Further, we find at least one occurrence of ∆₄₇ isotopic disequilibrium likely driven by local microbial metabolism during authigenic carbonate precipitation. The remainder of the carbonate materials (primarily ooids, grain coatings, mud, and intraclasts) yield clumped isotope temperatures (T(∆₄₇)), δ¹⁸O_(carb), and calculated δ¹⁸O_(water) in isotopic equilibrium with ambient water and temperature at the time and site of carbonate precipitation. Our findings suggest that it is possible and necessary to leverage diverse carbonate facies across one sedimentary horizon to reconstruct regional hydroclimate and evaporation–precipitation balance, as well as identify microbially mediated carbonate formation.
Pedagogical intersectionality: exploring content, technology, and student-centered learning through a problem based/project based approach

A narrative case study exploring the course design and implementation of a capstone undergraduate course for future teachers taught with a lens of pedagogical intersectionality, an integration of K...
Implications for the Security of the International Information Infrastructure

This paper explores which measures used to deal with the Year 2000 (Y2K) problem are also applicable to the future security of information networks in critical infrastructure. As information and communications technology (ICT) become ever more widespread, protection of both the information and the infrastructure upon which it relies becomes important as financial transactions and economies become increasingly global and interdependent. The Y2K problem, whereby computers with two digit year formatting are not able to read 00 as the year 2000, meant that errors would occur in many processes and calculations, such as billing, manufacturing and trade, in both the public and the private sector around the world. After January 2000 had passed, other computer incidents occurred such as the distributed-denial-of-service attacks in the US in February 2000 and the ILOVEYOU virus attacks globally in May 2000. Furthermore, high-level attention to international ICT developments was paid in July 2000 at the G-8 Summit of industrialised countries and at the annual meeting of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC); these all sustained the importance of information infrastructure and its protection.