cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accessory sperm as an indication of fertilizing ability of rabbit spermatozoa frozen in egg yolk-acetamide with detergent.

: Many factors besides initial semen quality affect fertilization rates as sperm interact with the environment of the female reproductive tract. One of these factors is sperm transport, which can be evaluated by accessory sperm counts. Dutch rabbits were used to test the effects on sperm transport, fertilization, and production of young when sodium and triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (STLS) detergent was added to a medium for sperm cryopreservation. When STLS was added in 10 concentrations ranging from 0% to 2.0% (vol/ vol) to an egg yolk—acetamide semen extender, optimal post-thaw motility of rabbit sperm occurred when 0.2% to 0.7% STLS was included. However, when 0%, 0.2%, and 0.7% STLS was included to cryopreserve sperm used for insemination, the fertilization rates were 95%, 68%, and 75%, and the corresponding mean numbers of accessory sperm per embryo were 13.1, 1.7, and 0.4 (P .05). In these studies, low concentrations of STLS improved motility of frozen-thawed sperm, but fertilization and pregnancy rates were reduced. Sperm transport was correspondingly reduced, and the accessory sperm count provided a reliable measure of the effect of STLS on fertility in contrast to the assessment of the percentage of motile sperm.
AREA: Adaptive Rapid Environmental Assessment

AREA: Adaptive Rapid Environmental Assessment is a new operational paradigm for minimizing the sonar performance uncertainty in shallow water. The coastal environment is characterized by variability on small spatial scales and short temporal scales, which obstruct the formation of a robust and reliable tactical picture. Thus, a Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) capability has long been recognized as a tactical need, but its implementation is being constrained by limited in-situ measurement resources. Ocean modeling and data assimilation can produce 4-D field estimates together with their associated uncertainty. However, the resolution is inadequate for direct use in acoustic environment prediction. On the other hand the forecasts can be used to identify features such as fronts and eddies which are critical to the acoustic sonar performance uncertainty and which should therefore be targeted by the REA resources. AREA uses environmental acoustic and sonar models to translate the oceanographic and geophysical parameter uncertainty estimates into PDFs for the appropriate sonar performance metric. These are then used to objectively design survey patterns that target regions and parameters that produce the best possible sonar performance prediction within the actual operational constraints.
Group communication support for distributed collaboration systems

The Collaborative Computing Transport Layer (CCTL) is a communication substrate consisting of a suite of group communication protocols. The design of CCTL supports the needs of distributed collaborative applications. CCTL is based on a two-level group hierarchy that naturally matches the structure of many collaborative applications and that allows several implementation optimizations. Logical interconnections among processes, called channels, define an efficient, light-weight group mechanism, providing a variety of communication services such as reliability and message ordering. Related channels are associated with a heavy-weight group, called a session, that provides group management services, such as membership, for its associated channels. Sessions and channels run different protocol stacks, allowing a flexible and useful separation of group management semantics and communication service quality. This also allows the efficient reuse of existing group management services when introducing new communication services.
Current Feedback Compensation Circuit for 2T1C LED Displays: Method

A novel current feedback programming principle and circuit architecture are presented, compatible with LED displays utilizing the 2T1C pixel structure. The new pixel programming approach is compatible with all TFT backplane technologies and can compensate for non-uniformities in both threshold voltage and carrier mobility of the OLED pixel drive TFT, due to a feedback loop that modulates the gate of the driving transistor according to the OLED current. The circuit can be internal or external to the integrated display data driver. Based on simulations and data gathered through a fabricated prototype driver, a pixel drive current of 20 nA can be programmed within an addressing time ranging from 10 $\mu{\rm s}$ to 50 $\mu{\rm s}$ .
Some thoughts on the use of InSAR data to constrain models of surface deformation : noise structure and data downsampling

Repeat-pass Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) provides spatially dense maps of surface deformation with potentially tens of millions of data points. Here we estimate the actual covariance structure of noise in InSAR data. We compare the results for several independent interferograms with a large ensemble of GPS observations of tropospheric delay and discuss how the common approaches used during processing of InSAR data affects the inferred covariance structure. Motivated by computational concerns associated with numerical modeling of deformation sources, we then combine the data-covariance information with the inherent resolution of an assumed source model to develop an efficient algorithm for spatially variable data resampling (or averaging). We illustrate these technical developments with two earthquake scenarios at different ends of the earthquake magnitude spectrum. For the larger events, our goal is to invert for the coseismic fault slip distribution. For smaller events, we infer the hypocenter location and moment. We compare the results of inversions using several different resampling algorithms, and we assess the importance of using the full noise covariance matrix.
Global Analysis of a Macromolecular Interaction Measured on BIAcore

We demonstrate that the interaction between myoglobin and an immobilized anti-myoglobin antibody measured on BIAcore 2000 can be described by a simple bimolecular reaction mechanism. We improved the quality of the sensor data by correcting for refractive index changes and nonspecific binding using a blank sensor surface. Applying nonlinear least squares analysis, we simultaneously fitted the association and dissociation phase data generated for a range of myoglobin concentrations injected across the antibody surface. The ability to globally fit these data to a simple binding model indicates that effects related to the sensor surface, like mass transport and the dextran matrix, did not complicate the observed binding responses. These results illustrate the potential of BIAcore to monitor macromolecular interactions in real-time and the utility of global analysis to resolve the reaction kinetics.
Regioselective preparation of vinyl chlorides from 2-methylcyclohexanone

Abstract Treatment of 2-methylcyclohexanone with PCl 5 , in hexane at reflux gives predominantly 2-ch1oro-3-methylcyclohexene ( 3 ). 5 On the other hand, treatment with catechyl phosphorus trichloride followed by alcoholic KOH gives predominantly the isomeric viny1 chloride, 1-chloro-2-methylcyclohexene ( 4 ).
Risk assessment of PUVA and cyclosporine. Lessons from the past; challenges for the future.

In 1974, a new therapeutic approach to psoriasis based on photochemotherapy with psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) was introduced. 1 Assessments of its long-term safety continue. Adding to earlier observations about cyclosporine and cutaneous psoriasis, 2 in this issue of theArchivesdata supporting the efficacy of therapy for psoriatic arthritis based on immunosuppression with cyclosporine are presented. 3 There are likely to be many parallels in the evolution of the role of PUVA and cyclosporine as treatments for psoriasis. Since psoriasis is a chronic disease, initial clearing is only the first step in a continued effort to control both the cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations of this disease. Previous experience with these treatments and knowledge about their mechanism of action raise substantial concern about their safety in long-term use for a chronic, often disabling, but not life-threatening disease. Today, with cyclosporine therapy we are at a point similar to where we were
Evaluation of Implied Orders as a Basis for Tailored Testing with Simulation Data.

This research is based on an approach to tailored, i.e., computer-interactive, testing which differs from other testing methods both in its theoretical basis and its practical implementation. Most approaches to tailored or adaptive testing, e.g., Jensema (1974), Lord (1970; 1971), McBride (1977), Urry (1977), and Weiss (1976; 1977), are based on true score theory, employing items whose parameters have already been estimated on large pretest samples so that the individuals’ true scores can be estimated by employing parametric, continuous true score models. The interactive strategies they employ are of several different types, but all follow this general mode. In contrast, the present method, called Implied Orders Tailored Testing, seeks only to define the order of examinees and the joint order of examinees and items according to a method whose basic rationale was given by Cliff (1975). A practical difference is that Implied Orders does not need to assume any pretest information on the items; item and person characteristics are estimated in parallel. In previous reports on this research, a rationale for tailored testing (Cliff, 1975) and an example with errorless data (Cudeck, McCormick, & Cliff, 1979) have been presented. Implied Orders Tailored Testing, implemented through a program called TAILOR (Cudeck, Cliff, & Kehoe, 1977) has as its goal a simultaneous ordering of persons and items along the hypothetical ability continuum. It is based on the concepts of order theory, in which it is well known that the logical properties of an order are such that if certain of the relations among elements are known, then the remainder can be deduced from them by making use of the transitivity property, which characterizes orders. The general idea is that even an incomplete matrix of responses of persons to items can be used to deduce at
Automatic Generation of a Subject Specific Upper Body Model From Motion Data

This paper details an automated process to create a robotic model of a subject’s upper body using motion analysis data of a subject performing simple range of motion (RoM) tasks. The upper body model was created by calculating subject specific kinematics using functional joint center (FJC) methods, this makes the model highly accurate. The subjects’ kinematics were then used to find robotic parameters. This allowed the robotic model to be calculated directly from motion analysis data. The RoM tasks provide the joint motion necessary to ensure the accuracy of the FJC method. Model creation was tested using five healthy adult male subjects, with data collected using an eight camera Vicon© (Oxford, UK) motion analysis system. Common anthropometric measures were also taken manually for comparison to the FJC kinematic measures calculated from marker position data. The algorithms successfully generated models for each subject based on the recorded RoM task data. Analysis of the generated model parameters relative to the manual measures was performed to determine the correlations. Methods for replacing model parameters extracted from the motion analysis data with hand measurements are presented. The accuracy of the model generating algorithm was tested by reconstructing motion using the parameters and joint angles extracted from the RoM tasks data, correlated manual measurements, and height based correlations from literature data. Error was defined as the average difference between the recorded position and reconstructed positions and orientations of the hand. For all of the tested subjects the model generated using the RoM tasks data showed least average error over the tested trials. Each of the tested results were significantly different in position error with the FJC generated model being the most accurate, followed by the correlated measurement data, and finally the height based calculations. No difference was found between the end effector orientation of generated models. The models developed in this study will be used with additional subject tasks in order to better predict human motion.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Comparison of In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Gentamicin and Verdamicin

The in vitro activities of verdamicin and gentamicin were studied in parallel against 1,049 bacterial isolates. Verdamicin demonstrated activity similar to that of gentamicin against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 2 and 8 μg/ml, respectively. Proteus rettgeri and Providencia stuartii were notably more susceptible to verdamicin. The new aminoglycoside was also highly active against staphylococci but was not effective against group D streptococci.
The Diabetes Epidemic in America

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the widespread effects of diabetes. Findings During the past decade, a 33% increase in prevalence of diabetes among all adults in the United States has been attributed to the vast increase in obesity. Each year, almost 200,000 people die of diabetes in the United States. Parallel to the increased toll on health and life, diabetes-related monetary costs have escalated to more than $100 billion annually. Conclusion Because major studies have shown a reduction in complications of diabetes with aggressive glycemic control, comprehensive standards for management of the disease should be developed, disseminated, and implemented.
Improvement of the prediction of soil particle size fractions using spectral properties

Abstract Estimation of soil particle size fractions (percentage of sand, clay and silt) with sparse data can be improved by taking into account the spatial correlation with other variables. Reflectance of the near infrared band (0.76–0.90 μm) is used as an auxiliary variable in the prediction of soil particle size fractions on a 100 m × 100 m grid in a 2200 m × 1300 m field. The results of kriging using the textural information alone are compared with those of cokriging with the auxiliary variable. Cokriging gives a higher correlation coefficient and a lower mean squared error between estimates and measurements than kriging. The most significant improvement of the estimation is in areas of the field with sparse data for the estimated variables. The relative improvement is up to 90% in terms of reduced kriging variance and up to 33% for the mean squared error between actual measurements and estimated values. Only 17–25% of the original observations of texture are needed to obtain relatively accurate estimates when cokriging with reflectance data.
Single Rod Heat Transfer Tests to Study the Effects of Crud Deposition

Researchers have performed many studies to try to understand crud formation on the fuel pin clad surfaces, which has been observed in pressurized water reactors (PWR) as a result of sub-cooled nucleate boiling and precipitation reactions. Crud deposits, may cause an unexpected change in core power distribution known as crud induced power shift (CIPS) or axial offset anomaly (AOA) if boron species accumulate in the deposits. If the crud deposit is thick enough, the potential exists for fuel rod surface dryout. The Westinghouse Advanced Loop Tester (WALT) at the George Westinghouse Science and Technology Center (STC) will be utilized to examine the effects of crud formation on fuel pin clad dryout. This paper describes a single heated rod test facility designed and fabricated by Westinghouse to study the effects of crud deposition at PWR reactor operating conditions. This test loop is a single rod facility with or without grid support structures on the heater rod and can be used for forced convection and sub-cooled boiling tests with and without crud deposition. Sub-cooled boiling experiments at PWR reactor operating conditions are currently being performed at this facility. The single electrical heated rod in this test facility is instrumented with four movablemore » thermocouples to measure the inside wall temperatures at four azimuthal locations within the rod. In addition, there are two fixed thermocouples to measure the inlet and outlet temperatures of the water flowing on the outside of the heated rod such that an overall energy balance (i.e. comparing the heat absorbed by the water coolant to the measured rod electrical power) can be performed on the facility. This paper will present forced convection and boiling heat transfer curves for clean rod surfaces. Comparison with forced convection correlations and sub-cooled boiling correlations are also presented in this paper. (authors)« less
Effects of 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-stilbene disulphonic acid and amiloride on salivary secretion by isolated, perfused rat submandibular glands

Abstract Isolated submandibular glands of adult rats were perfused through the arterial system with oxygenated, HCO3-containing or HCO3-free physiological salt solutions. Secretion of saliva was then induced with acetylcholine (10−6M) in the absence or presence of the ion-transport inhibitors 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-stilbene disulphonic acid (DIDS), furosemide or amiloride. In HCO3-containing perfusates, 10−4M DIDS enhanced the initial secretory response (maximum rate of flow increased 18 per cent), but reduced the overall volume of saliva secreted in a 60-min period by 47 per cent. Furosemide (10−3 M) alone reduced the volume of saliva by 73 per cent and, in combination with 10−4 M DIDS, by 82 per cent. Amiloride (10−3 M) caused a 68 per cent reduction in salivary volumes. Replacement of perfusate HCO3 with HEPES did not affect acetylcholine-induced secretion but enhanced the effects of the transport inhibitors, so that total volume of secretion was reduced 94 per cent by furosemide, 55 per cent by DIDS and 80 per cent by amiloride. In HCO3-containing perfusates, DIDS caused a 30–50 per cent increase in salivary Na+ and residual anion (a + K − Cl) concentrations but amiloride induced a marked increase in salivary Na+ and Cl− concentrations and a decrease in salivary K+ concentrations. Furosemide caused a marked decrease in salivary Cl− concentrations and a marked increase in residual anions. These effects were similar but of smaller magnitude in HCO3-free, HEPES-containing perfusates. These results suggest that, in addition to a furosemide-sensitive Na, K, Cl co-transport system, an amiloride sensitive Na H exchange and possibly a DIDS-sensitive anion ( HCO 3 Cl ) exchange are involved in fluid secretion by rat submandibular acini. These transport systems induce the trans-acinar movement of NaCl and are likely to control cellular pH and anion gradients. Salivary ducts also possess electrolyte-transport systems which are sensitive to transport inhibitors. In the case of amiloride, these are likely to involve drug-sensitive Na+ channels in the duct cells. The possibility that DIDS-sensitive transport systems are also present in salivary duct cells requires further study with isolated, perfused duct preparations.
Submerged stabilized platform

Abstract During September 1963 an instrument platform was installed approximately 30 m below the surface in the Catalina Basin in 1280 m of water. Instruments were attached to the platform to measure its motion. The platform was held in place by three steel cables attached to anchors placed so as to form an equilateral triangle on the bottom. The cable catenary problem was avoided by attaching glass floats at 37-m intervals along the cables. The platform tilted with an amplitude of approximately ± 1 2 ° from a stable mean position with a period of approximately 10 sec which corresponded to the period of the surface swells. By comparing magnetic declination measurements made on the instrument platform with those made at nearby land stations, it is inferred that the rotation stability is similar to the tilt stability. There was, however, an apparent additional drift of 20 min of arc over a 5-hr period. An inverted echo sounder record clearly shows wave height, wave period and tidal range. It is believed that it is now practicable to use the three anchor stable platform system as a base for sensitive oceanographic instruments of many varieties in mid-ocean.
The Economic Background of Plato's Communism

It is unnecessary to insist on the differences between the communism of Plato's political writings and the modern political systems and theories of the same name. Politically, economically, and geographically the world of Marx and his followers is different from that of Greece in the fourth century b.c., and even modern Utopias are founded on modern technology.
Characteristics of Youth Who Report Early Sexual Experiences in Sweden

Early timing of first sex is a common risk factor for adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. This study explored characteristics and circumstances associated with early sexual experience (at or below age 14) among Swedish youth. Data were drawn from UngKAB09, a national study of youth SRH in Sweden. 24,000 youth 16–28 years were randomly selected for a web-based survey with a response rate of 24 %. Post-stratification weights were used to correct for over- and underrepresentation in response. Adjusted logistic regression was used to model associations with early sexual experience, by gender. In the final sample (N = 5,321, 49 % girls), 9 in 10 were sexually experienced, of whom 21 % reported early first sex. In multivariate analysis, early sex was significantly associated with 7 of the 9 predictor variables selected for the model among boys and 14 of 15 selected factors among girls. Early sex was positively associated with low educational attainment, early pubertal onset, bisexual identity and (girls only) rural residence. For girls, first generation immigrant status, greater religiosity, conservative sexual attitudes and low Chlamydia knowledge decreased the odds of early sex. Early experience was more common if youth had older partners and, among girls, felt that sex was expected. Being in love, feelings of intimacy, alcohol use at first sex, and (girls only) causal sexual partner and wantedness of first sex were inversely associated with early first sex. The findings and implications are discussed in relation to the European and global literature on early sexual experiences.
Harmonizing users’ needs with professional development at the University of Connecticut

Purpose – This is an exciting time for catalog and metadata librarians. A number of new tools and trends are now a part of our daily work. From the new content standard, Resource Description and Access, to the rise of opportunities with data management and digital humanities, catalog and metadata librarians are being asked to change how they work. They are now interacting with colleagues and their communities in ways that go beyond description and subject analysis. In fact, they are seeking ways to respond to these new users’ needs in the form of innovative services, new ways of thinking and doing business. However, how do catalog and metadata librarians meet these challenges? What is important to learn when faced with new trends and increased users’ demands? Design/methodology/approach – An overview of what the UCL are doing to meet changing trends and user needs. Findings – Though there is no one size fits all, the UCL catalog and metadata librarians have decided to meet the challenge of new tools and c...
Mechanistic Investigations into the Multi-Drug Resistance Transporter, EmrE

EmrE, an E. coli small multidrug resistance transporter, exports a broad range of toxic polyaromatic cations, thus imparting resistance to drug compounds of this type. According to the proposed single-site alternating access model of antiport, EmrE converts between inward- and outward-facing structures during the transport cycle, using the import of two protons across the inner membrane to drive the export of one substrate molecule. Interconversion between the inward- and outward-facing conformations must occur only in the substrate-bound state in order to achieve coupled antiport. Our research focuses on this coupling between substrate binding and conformational exchange.Conformational exchange between inward- and outward-facing states under substrate-bound conditions is the key step to efflux. We have directly monitored conformational exchange in tetraphenylphosphonium+-bound EmrE using ZZ-exchange NMR spectroscopy. This gives a rate constant of about 5 sec−1 for TPP+-bound EmrE converting from an inward- to outward-facing conformation or vice versa. Stopped-flow kinetics were employed to measure the ligand on/off rates. The inward- and outward-facing states are identical in this system. This facilitates analysis of all the microscopic steps in the transport cycle, and has significant implications for the energetics of the transport process.Research supported by Searle Scholars Program, NIH, and NSF GRFP to EAM.
Time course of dopaminergic hypersensitivity following chronic narcotic treatment

Guinea pigs were injected SC for 3 weeks with 3 different dosage schedules of morphine or methadone, or with saline. For 8 weeks thereafter they were challenged weekly with the dopamine agonist apomorphine. Hypersensitivity was manifested in more intense stereotypies, as compared to the saline group, by all morphine and methadone groups. Hypersensitivity persisted longer after the termination of methadone treatment (maximum of 8 weeks) than after morphine administration (maximum of 3 weeks). The degree of hypersensitivity, and its duration after treatment, was positively related to methadone dosage. In some groups a period of hyposensitivity was seen following hypersensitivity. These data are interpreted with reference to the hypothesized mechanism underlying the development of hypersensitivity, the different durations of action of morphine and methadone, and the retention of methadone in brain following treatment.
Effective Hamiltonian of the relativistic quark model

We derive an effective Hamiltonian of the relativistic quark model. In the limit of zero quark masses, we obtain linear Regge trajectories for mesons. Based on the diquark-antiquark symmetry, we show that the Regge trajectories of baryons and mesons are parallel at high angular moments. We discuss the breaking of the hadronic supersymmetry and obtain a mass relation of mesons and baryons.
Definitions in analytical philosophy

I WISH to discuss the view that analytical philosophy is concerned with giving definitions of various terms, as expounded by Mr. Copi in this journal (December 1953). He gives some examples of philosophical analyses such as "Berkeley's dictum that a physical object 'is nothing but a congeries of sensible impressions'" and "Quine's pronouncement that 'to be is to be the value of a variable'," which lead him to say, "The end results of philosophical analysis appear to be definitions of various sorts." Clearly, he says, these are not lexical definitions (i.e., reports of usage), nor are they stipulative definitions (i.e., prescriptive of new usage). He suggests that they are of the same kind as some definitions of terms in science, such as "acid," which can be defined as a substance containing hydrogen as a positive radical. Proposing or accepting such a definition "is tantamount to proposing or accepting the theory which underlies it" and Mr. Copi therefore proposes to call them "theoretical definitions." These definitions cannot be analytical because (1) they are sometimes supported by empirical arguments, and (2) they are not usually supported by a reductio ad absurdum argument. Therefore Moore was wrong in thinking that a correct analysis of "good" would yield an analytical proposition, and the "paradox of analysis" discussants have committed the same mistake. The process of deciding between rival theoretical definitions in philosophy, then, "requires that we appraise the correctness or adequacy of the philosophical theory" upon which each is based. Some people have claimed that this task is unnecessary, and we need only examine whether the definiens is (1) clearer than (Morton G. White) or (2) epistemologically prior to (Russell) or (3) more consonant with ordinary language than the definiendum. Items (1) and (2) are unacceptable criteria because there is disagreement between philosophers about relative clarity or epistemological priority. And (3) "mistakes the purpose of the entire enterprise" since if we were satisfied with ordinary language we would attempt no analysis. No, philosophical theories "are intended to explain or to account for facts," and we must judge them on this basis. "So the goal of analytical philosophy is the achievement of a philosophical theory which shall be adequate to answer all philosophical questions. . . . That, however, is the traditional goal of speculative, systematic, synoptic philosophy."
Hardware design of a fast neural network digital multiplier

As reported previously, one can very efficiently convert an analog voltage to a clean M-valued digital number by using an M-zero neural network. Therefore, using these neural networks in conjunction with some analog arithmetic processors allows us to do the digital multiplication in a much more efficient way than the conventional binary multiplication. That is, we may have the advantages of the speed of the analog system and the accuracy of the M-valued digital system combined together in the new system. In this paper, we report the hardware design and the experimental result of the theoretical work that we previously published along this line.
Clearance of amphotericin B-C14 from cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract Amphotericin B-C 14 , a radioactive labelled form of the drug used in the treatment of systemic mycotic infection of man, was administered to dogs in order to determine the mechanism by which the drug leaves the CSF compartment. After intracisternal injection, disappearance rates (% of injected dose cleared/minute) were in the order of 1%, slightly faster than inulin, which is cleared by bulk flow removal alone. In ventriculo-cisternal perfusion studies, clearance rates (ml of CSF cleared/minute) of the drug were slower than creatinine cleared by simple diffusion and bulk flow, but slightly more rapid than inulin. Both sets of data suggest that the drug leaves the CSF compartment by bulk flow and simple diffusion without specialized transport mechanisms.
SN2002bu -- Another SN2008S-like Transient

We observed SN2002bu in the near-IR with the Hubble Space Telescope, the mid-IR with the Spitzer Space Telescope and in X-rays with Swift 10 years after the explosion. If the faint L_H\sim100 Lsun HST near-IR source at the transient position is the near-IR counterpart of SN2002bu, then the source has dramatically faded between 2004 and 2012, from L\sim10^6.0 Lsun to L\sim10^4.5 Lsun. It is still heavily obscured, tau_V\sim5 in graphitic dust models, with almost all the energy radiated in the mid-IR. The radius of the dust emission is increasing as R\simt^(0.7+/-0.4) and the optical depth is dropping as tau_V\simt^(-1.3+/-0.4). The evolution expected for an expanding shell of material, tau_V\sim1/t^2, is ruled out at approximately 2 sigma while the tau_V\simt^(-0.8) to t^(-1) optical depth scaling for a shock passing through a pre-existing wind is consistent with the data. If the near-IR source is a chance superposition, the present day source can be moderately more luminous, significantly more obscured and evolving more slowly. While we failed to detect X-ray emission, the X-ray flux limits are consistent with the present day emissions being powered by an expanding shock wave. SN2002bu is clearly a member of the SN2008S class of transients, but continued monitoring of the evolution of the spectral energy distribution is needed to conclusively determine the nature of the transient.
Minimal nonnegative integral matrices and uniquely determined (0,1)-matrices

Abstract In this note we give an elementary proof of a theorem that characterizes those three-dimensional (0,1)-matrices that are determined by their plane sum vectors.
Immunoregulation in aged humans.

Abstract Total B-cell numbers, serum immunoglobulin levels, autoantibody formation, and suppressor/helper cell function were evaluated in a group of well-nourished healthy aged individuals (65–103 years). Total B-cell numbers in the elderly were similar to those in young controls. Mean IgG levels were significantly higher ( P P
School Counselor Program Choice and Self-Efficacy: Relationship to Achievement Gap and Equity

This article reports the results of a national study of American School Counselor Association members (N = 860). Information includes level of school counselor self-efficacy, type of program, status of achievement gap, and equity in their schools. School counselors with higher self-efficacy were more aware of achievement gap data, and school counselors who indicated a program approach and high self-efficacy were more likely to report narrowing achievement gaps. One fifth reported no awareness of achievement gap data. Implications for school counselors are included.
The Distinction between Foreign Policy and Diplomacy in American International Thought and Practice

Throughout his writings, Harold Nicolson advocates a distinction between ‘policy’ (to be subject to democratic control) and ‘negotiation’ (to remain the province of professional diplomatists), preferring to separate these two quite different activities, rather than lumping them together under the general term ‘diplomacy’ (an intermingling that he found conceptually muddled and politically impossible to sustain once general public opinion becomes politically mobilized). Nicholas Murray Butler and George Kennan, who may be taken as representing idealist and realist American opinion in the twentieth century, found themselves at one in rejecting Nicolson’s distinction. Butler believed that the progressive enlightenment of public opinion, resulting in the attainment of the ‘international mind’, would improve both the formulation of policy and the conduct of negotiations; Kennan deprecated public opinion, at least in the United States, as irredeemably clumsy and ill-informed, and was convinced that this domestic political force would not be satisfied with directing policy, but would insist on interfering with negotiation as well. Across the board, American opinion seems to be hostile to Nicolson’s differentiation. This rejection of Nicolson’s view illustrates a more general influence of distinctively American thinking about international relations on American attitudes towards, and expectations of, diplomacy.
Altered body mass regulation in male mPeriod mutant mice on high fat diet

The circadian clock orchestrates most physiological processes in mammals. Disruption of circadian rhythms appears to contribute to the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The Period genes mPer1 and mPer2, but not mPer3, are essential for core clock function in mice. To assess the impact of mPer genes on body mass regulation, mPer mutant and control mice were fed a high-fat diet. Here the authors report that male mPer1/2/3 triple-deficient mice gain significantly more body mass than wild-type controls on high-fat diet. Surprisingly, mPer3 single-deficient animals mimicked this phenotype, suggesting a previously unrecognized role for mPer3 in body mass regulation. (Author correspondence: Robert@dallmanns.de)
Concentrations of taxol and related taxanes in the needles of different Taxus cultivars

The taxane content of the needles of 57 cultivars obtained from five major nurseries in the United States is presented. The analysis of taxol (1), and five other related taxanes, 10-desacetyl-7-epi-taxol (2), cephalomannine (3), 10-desacetyl taxol (4), baccatin III (5) and 10-desacetyl baccatin III (6) was carried out using a high performance liquid chromatographic method developed in our laboratory. The results of these analyses showed that the total “useful” taxanes varied between 0.0232%-0.113%, with 1 and 6 being the most abundant taxanes. The survey identified 11 cultivars with a content of 1 ranging from 0.028% to 0.062%, and ten cultivars with a content of 6 ranging from 0.028% to 0.066%; 3 and 4 each represented approximately 30%-50% of the concentration of taxol in most cultivars. Therefore, the needles of ornamental Taxus represent a significant, rich and renewable source for taxol and other related taxanes.
Ecophysiological Studies of Sonoran Desert Plants. VII. Photosynthetic Gas Exchange of Winter Ephemerals from Sun and Shade Environments

A comparison of photosynthetic adaptations of desert ephemerals from sun and shade environments has shown differences in the magnitude and timing of maximum CO2 assimilation. Photosynthetic rates of species from the sun environment were significantly higher, and maximum observed levels occurred both earlier in the day and earlier in the growing season. For plants of both sites the CO2 assimilation rates were relatively low when the soil water content was highest in the winter months. Anatomical modifications of specific leaf weight occurred for species of both environments, but were not correlated with improved water use efficiency. Throughout the growing season the stomatal conductance of most species was higher than 0.30 cm/s and effects a maximization of photosynthesis when water is available, at the expense of water use efficiency.
Biosynthesis of grandlure, the pheromone of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, from acetate, mevalonate, and glucose

Abstract The steam-distilled faeces of adult male boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis , that had been injected with acetate-1 14 C, acetate-2 14 C, mevalonic acid-2 14 C, or glucose 14 C(U) showed by column and gas chromatography that approximately 0·02 per cent of the administered radioactivity was incorporated into the volatile fraction. Also, 4 components of the pheromone comprised 57 to 80 per cent of the radioactivity of the volatiles but only 39 per cent of the total content of volatiles. Thus, evidence was obtained for de novo synthesis of the components. Although the boll weevil is essentially an obligate insect of cotton, this insect does not appear to require any specific component in cotton for biosynthesis of the pheromone.
Coronary angiography predicts improved outcome following cardiac arrest: propensity-adjusted analysis.

Objectives: Determine if clinical parameters of resuscitated patients predict coronary angiography (CATH) performance and if receiving CATH after cardiac arrest is associated with outcome. Introduction: CATH is associated with survival in patients suffering out-ofhospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia(VF/VT). Its effect on outcome in other cohorts is unknown. Methods: Chart review of resuscitated cardiac arrest patients between 2005 and 2007. Exclusion criteria: immediate withdrawal of care, hemodynamic collapse, or neurologic exam under sedation. Clinical parameters included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) arrest location, presenting rhythm, age, and acute ischemic ECG changes (new left bundle branch block or ST-elevation myocardial infarction-STEMI). Logistic regression identified clinical parameters predicting CATH. The association between CATH and good outcome (discharge home or to acute rehabilitation facility) was determined using logistic regression adjusting for likelihood of receiving CATH via propensity score. Result: Of the 241 patients, 96 (40%) received CATH. Significant disease (� 70% stenosis) of � 1 coronary arteries was identified in 69% of patients including 57% of patients without acute ischemic ECG changes. Unadjusted predictors of CATH were sex, method of arrival, OHCA, presenting rhythm, acute ischemic ECG changes, and GCS. Propensity adjusted logistic regression demonstrated an association between CATH and good outcome (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.12, 4.19; P < 0.02). Conclusion: CATH is more likely to be performed in certain patients and identifies a significant number of high-grade stenoses in this population. Receiving CATH was independently associated with good outcome.
Cytochrome P450 BM-3 in complex with its substrate: Temperature-dependent spin state equilibria in the oxidized and reduced states

In structural studies of cytochrome P450 enzymes, substrates have been seen to bind in a variety of modes; it is important to identify those with the closest resemblance to the configurations adopted during selective oxidation. We attempt here to identify conditions in which the catalytic binding mode of cytochrome P450 BM-3 saturated with N-palmitoylglycine is highly populated. When the substrate binds directly atop the heme, primed for oxidation, displacement of the water ligand is necessary, and thereby the ferric heme is generally converted from low-spin to high-spin. Using both optical spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, studying both the full-length enzyme and the isolated heme domain, we show that a high population of the high-spin form is seen at room temperature and above, but not at reduced temperatures. In contrast, the reduced state exhibits high spin throughout the temperature range. The isotropic chemical shift of deuterons in the substrate bound to the oxidized and reduced forms of the enzyme was temperature-dependent, consistent with the presence of a nearby paramagnetic center, but temperature-independent for the diamagnetic CO-bound form, and for the free form of the compound. The reduced (ferrous heme) species shows Curie law dependence of the2H substrate chemical shift with respect to temperature from −54 to +35 °C, but the oxidized (ferric heme) species showed a pronounced non-Curie dependence in both the2H and the13C shift of the substrate’s methyl group, with the effect of the paramagnetic heme at low temperatures being much reduced. These data are consistent with a mixture of at least two binding modes in rapid equilibrium wherein the heme is high-spin at room temperature but low-spin at cryogenic temperatures.
Practical modeling of metal hydride hydrogen storage systems

A new approach is introduced to model the discharge behavior of a metal hydride hydrogen storage bed. The reversible reaction kinetics and the empirical van’t Hoff relationship used in a typical reactor model are replaced by a solid-phase diffusion equation and a semiempirical equilibrium P-C-T relationship. Two new semiempirical P-C-T models are also introduced based on modified virial and composite Langmuir expressions. By varying the heat- and masstransfer coefficients, the model was calibrated to experimental pressure and temperature histories obtained from a commercially viable metal hydride bed containing Lm1.06Ni4.96Al0.04. Overall, the results of this study showed that a fairly simple numerical model can do a reasonable job in predicting the discharge behavior of a fairly complicated metal hydride hydrogen storage bed over a wide range of hydrogen flow-rate demands. The extreme theoretical limits of isothermal equilibrium (analytical model), adiabatic equilibrium, nonadiabatic equilibrium, isothermal nonequilibrium, and adiabatic nonequilibrium conditions were also studied and compared to the actual behavior under nonadiabatic nonequilibrium conditions. These limiting cases revealed that the metal hydride hydrogen storage vessel was definitely heat-transfer-limited and only minimally mass-transfer-limited over a wide range of hydrogen discharge flow rates.
Atom probe tomography study of the decomposition of a bulk metallic glass

Abstract The microstructural evolution of a Pd 40 Ni 40 P 20 bulk metallic glass that was isothermally annealed at 260 °C for 14 h, and then aged at 340 °C for times up to 1280 min has been studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of the aged samples show an endothermic peak at approximately 370 °C in addition to the ubiquitous glass transition. The endothermic peak appears after 20 min aging and disappears after 320 min aging. The corresponding X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show no Bragg peaks that could indicate the formation of a crystalline phase. Near-atomic-resolution atom probe tomography (APT) was used to study changes in the atomic spatial distributions as a function of aging time. The chemical environment around each of the atomic species, and the tendencies for solute clustering and chemical short range ordering, were determined from statistical analysis of the APT data. Clustering and possible phase separation are identified by APT after only 20 min aging at 340 °C, which correlates with the appearance of the peak in the DSC signal. Crystallization is apparent in the APT and XRD data after aging for 320 min. The study suggests that the amorphous Pd 40 Ni 40 P 20 annealed at a temperature 40 °C above T g phase separates into two or more amorphous phases. The endothermic peak in the DSC trace is produced by the dissolution of the phase separation.
THE EFFECT OF PERINATAL FACTORS ON CORD THYROXINE (T 4 ) CONCENTRATION

To evaluate the effect of various perinatal factors, 4,068 cord samples were assayed for T4 concentration, and each chart reviewed for the following factors: Cesarean section (CS), prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM), asphyxia (A), meconium stained amniotic fluid (MS), maternal diabetes mellitus (IDM), and twinning (T). The neonate was evaluated for respiratory distress (RDS) and low (SGA) and high (LGA) birth weight for gestational age. The infants were grouped by gestational age (GA) and compared to normal values (N). Only the SGA infant had a significantly lower mean cord T4 level (p<.01). Conclusions: 1) Within a given GA group, perinatal factors do not affect the mean cord T4 level. 2) The mean cord T4 level increases with GA.
Correcting Atmospheric Effects In Multispectral Images

In computer vision systems images are the primary inputs. In order to develop a robust vision system one needs to derive a correlation between the intensity values recorded in the images and the surface properties of various objects appearing in the scene. Image intensity values recorded in various spectral bands of a sensor are produced as a final result of a complex matter-energy interaction mechanism governing the illuminating source, the scene, the sensor and the intervening medium. In passive multispectral aerial images the illuminating source is the sun and the atmospheric column appears as the intervening medium between the sun and the scene for the incident beam and between the scene and the sensor for the reflected or emitted beam. In this paper an approach for compensating for the atmospheric transmitance and path radiance effects applicable for the reflective optical wavelengths is developed. It utilizes the LOWTRAN-6 package for calculating the required correction parameters. Applicability of this approach is demonstrated by correcting high resolution multispectral images.
The Performance of Heavily Loaded Oscillating Roller Bearings from 300 F to 600 F

Over 1000 roller bearings have been evaluated at elevated temperatures as oscillating bearings and load-life characteristics determined through statistical analysis of failure data. Operating temperatures of 300 F, 450 F, and 600 F were investigated. Bearing materials investigated included AISI 52100 steel, M-2 tool steel and 440-C stainless steel. Grease lubrication was used. The bearing load range included 250,000 psi to 500,000 psi maximum Hertz stress. AISI 52100 steel proved satisfactory for temperatures to 450 F. Tool steel (M-2) and 440 C stainless steel proved satisfactory for temperatures to 600 F. Although failure modes were predominantly by plastic deformation, wear and oxidation, failure distribution frequencies fit the Weibull distribution commonly used in bearing fatigue studies. Data scatter was less than that expected for continuously rotating ball bearings. Contributed by the ASLE Technical Committee on Bearings and Bearing Lubrication and presented at the Annual Meeting of the American S...
On an Alleged Refutation of Hilbert's Program Using Gödel's First Incompleteness Theorem

Le premier theoreme d'incompletude de Godel ne permet pas de demontrer l'irrealisabilite du programme de Hilbert. Certaines theories qui incorporent des contraintes de consistance dans les conditions memes de demontrabilite constituent des manieres plausibles de construire des theories ideales au sens de Hilbert