cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Simulation of Supersonic Jet Noise

Direct computation of the unsteady characteristics of supersonic jet flow and its radiated noise is performed. The computation consists two parts: nonlinear sound source generation in the near field and linear acoustic radiation in the far field. The numerical method for the near field, based on the large-eddy simulation technique, split the fluid motion into three kinds of motion: a timeaveraged motion; a periodic, large-scale wavelike structure; and a background, fine-scale random turbulence. The nonlinear disturbance equations are derived and solved to obtain the unsteady fluctuations in the near field. The Kirchhoff s method is used to obtain far field noise with the information provided by the solution of nonlinear disturbance equations. Qualitative agreement with the measured sound directivity of a heated supersonic jet is obtained.
Total hip replacement in an alpaca using a cementless implant.

Objective— To report use of a cementless total hip prosthesis in an alpaca. Study Design— Case report. Animals— Alpaca (n=1) with chronic craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation. Methods— A 2.5-year-old Suri alpaca, 3 months pregnant, was admitted for evaluation of acute onset severe left hind limb lameness (grade 4/5) of 6 weeks duration. After diagnosis of craniodorsal luxation of the left femoral head, total hip replacement (THR) using a cementless implant was performed because of the poor prognosis for reduction of a chronic luxation. Results— A press-fit prosthesis was used and the alpaca delivered a live cria 8 months later. Persistent mild mechanical lameness remained after surgery, with moderate reduction in mobility of the coxofemoral joint. The prosthesis was stable and correctly positioned at 7 weeks and at 9 months. There was mild exostosis surrounding the proximal aspect of the femur at 9 months, and Steinmann pins used to repair the trochanteric osteotomy were removed because of migration. At 1 year, the alpaca has a slight gait abnormality, remains with the herd on pasture and has been re-bred. Conclusion— Chronic coxofemoral luxation in an alpaca can be managed by THR. Clinical Relevance— THR is a viable treatment option in alpacas with severe coxofemoral disease.
DARPA Program-Intelligent Task Automation

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is supporting the development of tomorrow's more productive manufacturing processes for the military hardware that will be required at the end of the century, and is establishing technological advances that will support extension and enhancement of military operational capabilities in the combat environment. This paper describes the thrust that has been initiated by DARPA in Intelligent Task Automation (ITA) -- a broad based activity intended to lay groundwork for future developments. Integration of the necessary intelligence for dealing with sophisticated tasks in unstructured environments is specifically addressed. The implied emphasis is on linking computation for an understanding of uncertain environments to mechanical functions.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SU-E-I-72: Modulation of Hypothalamic Connectivity by Food Ingestion.

Purpose: In this study we utilized resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) to identify and compare hypothalamic connectivity in lean subjects during fasting and satiated state. Methods: rsfMRI were performed on 7 healthy lean subjects (4 male, 3 female, 20–35 yo, BMI = 18–25 kg/m2). Subjects fasted overnight (8 hrs), average blood glucose of 80± 5 mg/dL. None of the subjects were on diet program or recently lost/gain weight. rsfMRI EPI parameters:TR = 3000ms, TE = 30 ms, and spatial resolution of 1.7 × 1.7 mm × 5mm, ST= 65 mins (10‐min pre‐glucose ingestion acquisition, followed by 50 mins of post‐glucose ingestion). During rsfMRI, subjects ingested standard glucola (75 g of glucose dissolved in 296 ml of flavored water) over 4.5 ± 0.75 min via a peroral rubber tube. Preprocessing procedure was implemented using FSL consisting of 1) motion correction 2) spatial smoothing, 3) temporal filtering between 0.01–0.08 Hz. Using the Talairach‐Daemon atlas, ROI in the hypothalamus was selected. The individual timeseries of hypothalamus was used as seed to find neural structures that share similar temporal pattern that hypothalamus. Results: Structures that were engaged only during fasting were (Table 1): Inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47) has been linked to the modulation of hunger. The output from the orbitofrontal cortex to both striatum (lentiform nucleus) and lateral hypothalamus has been reported. The structures that were engaged only during satiated state were: Superior temporal gyrus has been implicated in food inhibition and mid temporal gyrus has been reported to be engaged in satiation. Cerebellum is activated when the brain is monitoring its sensory systems.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus: Molecular epidemiology, species identification error, and frequency of occurrence in a national resistance surveillance program☆

Enterococcal blood stream infections are the third most common among all nosocomial blood stream infections in the United States and the occurrence of glycopeptide (vancomycin, teicoplanin) resistance in these isolates has markedly increased. Control of hospital-acquired infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci requires high quality antimicrobial susceptibility test methods and species identification procedures as a supplement to epidemiologic investigation and appropriate infection control procedures. In this report, bacteremias caused by Enterococcus avium (BioMerieux Vitek, Hazelwood, MO, USA) were observed to be Enterococcus raffinosus infections (six of eight cases; 1.1% of all cases) when reference biochemical identification methods were applied. The vancomycin-susceptible E. raffinosis (two strains) and E. avium (two strains) had unique phenotypic and genotypic molecular profiles. In contrast, four vancomycin-resistant E. raffinosus strains (van A by polymerase chain reaction) from a single institution had the same phenotypic and molecular (PCR, PFGE, ribotyping) pattern, indicating clonal dissemination among four patients over a 66-day period. Clinical laboratories should be aware of the high probability that van A genes may be transferred from Enterococcus faecium or Enterococcus faecalis to other more rarely encountered Enterococcus species. Also contemporary, widely used commercial identification systems may fail to accurately identify those rare species. Errors appear to be most prevalent for E. avium, Enterococcus durans, and E. raffinosus based on the experience of the SCOPE Program.
Experiences of Schizophrenia: An Integration of the Personal, Scientific, and Therapeutic

The Groundwork. Introduction. What is Schizophrenia? A Hierarchical Systems Model for Mental Illness. Data and Methodology. Part II: Cases I. The Extremes of Outcome. Case I: Emily: An Unusually Successful Treatment. Case 2: Edward: A Multi-System Failure. Part III: Viewpoints on Schizophrenia: A Pluralistic Model. The Perspective of Neuroscience. Constitutional Vulnerability and an Epigenetic Model. Introduction to a Psychoanalytic Systems Perspective. The Psychology System. The Family System. Society and Culture. Part IV: The Treatment of Schizophrenia. Evaluation and Treatment Planning from a Systems Perspective. Studies of the Efficacy of Psychological Treatment. Psychotherapeutic Technique and Process. The Psychological Perspective: Stages of Therapy. Treatment in the Mental Hospital. Illustrations of Crises in Hospital Treatment and Considerations of Family Treatment. Treatment of the Organism Under Stress. Part V: Cases II. The Middle Range of Outcome. Case 4: Joanna: A Positive Outcome. Case 3: Rachel: The Choice to Remain Ill. Case 5: Celia: Treatment of a Chronic Schizophrenic. Part VI: Conclusion. Systems and Interventions in Schizophrenia: A Reprise. References.
Remote sensing and analysis of oceanographic parameters from ERTS-1

Remotely sensed data collected from the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) are capable of providing synoptic, large area, repetitive coverage of oceanographic parameters at high resolution. Photointerpretation techniques and digital analysis of ERTS-1 multispectral imagery has permitted: (1) accurate depth detection ( \pm 0.25 meters) for depths to 9 meters; (2) updating of navigational charts depicting previously unreported shoals and accurate positioning of previously reported shoals at costs of only $.58 per square kilometer; (3) correlation of schools of menhaden within certain turbidity areas; (4) discovery of new upwelling areas; (5) detection and monitoring of sea ice, determination of its relative age, and iceberg tracking; (6) monitoring and detection of oil spills, acid and sludge dump sites; (7) current mapping; (8) wetlands delineation; and (9) coastal erosion and sedimentation at significant savings of time and cost.
Context, "Cuckoo's Nest," and the Community College.

AbstractThe community college is an excellent place for the creation of a special, more empowering learning context. Unlike the university, where students are supposed to adjust to the world of scholarly erudition, the community college is the crazy academic brother that has the freedom to be different and to liberate students to build upon their own cultures and learning styles.
On the legacy of Theory Y

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief history and perspective on the influence of McGregor's Theory Y on research about and practice of management and leadership. Although best known for Theory X and Y, Douglas McGregor involved himself in more than theory. He was for a time President of Antioch College, a builder of a strong academic program of management and organizational behavior in the Sloan School of Management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology , and a pioneer in the origination of organization development.Design/methodology/approach – The legacy of Theory Y can be characterized as a set of beliefs that are antecedents to participative and involvement modes of management, that these modes are associated with success backed by considerable evidence, yet are not practiced by the majority of people in management and leadership positions. Moreover, the track record of management and leadership in the USA is not exactly exemplary, for example, at least half of those in manageme...
Numerical prediction of unsteady vortex shedding for large leading-edge roughness

Abstract A full two-dimensional Navier–Stokes algorithm is used to investigate unsteady, incompressible viscous flow past an airfoil leading edge with surface roughness that is characteristic of ice accretion. The roughness is added to the surface through the use of a Prandtl transposition and can generate both small-scale and large-scale roughness. The focus of the study is a detailed flow analysis of the unsteady velocity fluctuations and vortex shedding induced by the surface roughness. The results of this study are compared to experimental data on roughness-induced transition for the same roughness geometry. A comparison is made between “fluctuation intensity” values from the current algorithm to experimentally determined turbulence intensity values. The effects of the roughness Reynolds number, Re k , are investigated and compared to experimental values of the critical roughness Reynolds number. The authors speculate that there may be a possible correlation between unsteady roughness-induced vortex shedding and the onset of experimentally measured transitional flow downstream of large-scale roughness.
Finite-element analysis of disorder effects in photonic crystals

The effects of structural disorder in feature position in finite two-dimensional photonic crystals are studied computationally. Under random variation in feature position some structures are not only resistant to disorder, but also show improved transmittance reduction. This apparent increase in band gap strength can be explained in terms of distributions of point defects within the photonic crystal structure. For certain photonic crystal geometries, point defects lead to scattering that reduces transmittance. Similarly, it is shown that some line defects reduce transmittance by acting as waveguides of a subcritical dimension, inhibiting transmission better than the corresponding perfect photonic crystal structures. The open square lattice photonic crystal structure is examined in depth, and other configurations are examined briefly for comparison. Further calculations on the effects of disorder on waveguide structures show that while the apparent photonic band gap effect may be enhanced by disorder, the waveguide quality is always degraded due to variations in the feature position. Calculations are done using the finite element method to solve the 2-D Maxwell's Equations in the frequency domain.
The language of nature in the poetry of Mary Oliver

(1992). The language of nature in the poetry of Mary Oliver. Women's Studies: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
Gamma ray transitions in 57Fe

Abstract The gamma ray transitions among the low-lying levels of 57Fe have been studied with a high resolution Ge(Li) detector. All possible transitions among the first five states are observed in the decay of 57Co. In the Coulomb excitation of 57Fe by alpha particles all possible gamma ray transitions from the 367 keV level are obtained. Energies and intensities of the gamma rays were measured. Log ft values were determined for the decay of 57Co. The observations strengthen previous assignments of 3- 2 and 5- 2 to the levels at 367 and 707 keV, respectively.
Continuous motion using task-directed stereo vision

The performance of autonomous mobile robots performing complex navigation tasks can be dramatically improved by directing expensive sensing and planning in service of the task. The task-direction algorithms can be quite simple. In this paper we describe a simple task-directed vision system which has been implemented on a real outdoor robot which navigates using stereo vision. While the performance of this particular robot was improved by task-directed vision, the performance of task-directed vision in general is influenced in complex ways by many factors. We briefly discuss some of these, and present some initial simulated results.
The impact of clinical encounter events on patient and physician satisfaction

Abstract This study explored levels of patient and physician satisfaction as a function of events which occur during the clinical encounter. Data which are directly observable (verbal and nonverbal) and obtainable through interviews were considered. Eighty-eight encounters were observed over a one-week period at an outpatient clinic of a university-affiliated hospital. Participants were interviewed subsequent to each interaction. Multiple discriminant analysis showed encounters viewed by patients as relatively unsatisfactory to be characterized by greater distance between parties during information gathering, increased amounts of feedback, highly active physicians, and physicians who were on call. Satisfied patients had encounters marked by increased physician use of (1) nonverbal encouragement, (2) questions about family and social situations, and (3) expressions of continuity from previous visits. Physicians were less satisfied in encounters in which they were active, felt pressed to other medical commitments, and were on call. The most positive physician assessments occurred when patients were seen as compliant and where humor and nonverbal encouragement were used during the interaction. These data suggest variables which are generally amenable to change if physicians are made aware of their potential impact.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts directly on the T lymphocyte vitamin D receptor to inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. Environmental factors may be key to MS prevention and treatment. MS prevalence and severity decrease with increasing sunlight exposure and vitamin D(3) supplies, supporting our hypothesis that the sunlight-dependent hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) ), inhibits autoimmune T-cell responses in MS. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) inhibits and reverses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS model. Here, we investigated whether 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) inhibits EAE via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in T lymphocytes. Using bone marrow chimeric mice with a disrupted VDR only in radio-sensitive hematopoietic cells or radio-resistant non-hematopoietic cells, we found that hematopoietic cell VDR function was necessary for 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) to inhibit EAE. Furthermore, conditional targeting experiments showed that VDR function in T cells was necessary. Neither 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) nor T-cell-specific VDR targeting influenced CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T-cell proportions in the periphery or the CNS in these studies. These data support a model wherein 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) acts directly on pathogenic CD4(+) T cells to inhibit EAE.
Matching in a concurrent FI FI schedule

Three pigeons responded in a two-key concurrent fixed-interval fixed-interval reinforcement schedule. The schedule had two parts: one fixed-interval 30-sec schedule and a Bernoulli trials generator that probabilistically assigned a reinforcement to the left or right key, independently of the preceding assignment. The relative frequency of responding on a key approximately equaled the probability of reinforcement on that key.
Dermatitis due to larvae of a soil nematode, Pelodera strongyloides.

: A 6-month-old infant girl was seen because of failure to thrive and hyperpigmented papulonodules on the lower abdomen and thighs. Results of skin biopsy demonstrated dauer larvae of a soil nemalode, Pelodera strongy-loides, in the dermis. This is the second documented episode of human dermatitis due to this nematode, which more often invades the skin of dogs, cattle, horses, and sheep.
Quantum Griffiths effects in metallic systems

We show that two apparently contradictory theories on the existence of Griffiths-McCoy singularities in magnetic metallic systems (see Castro Neto A. H. and Jones B. A., Phys. Rev. B 62 (2000) 14975 and Millis A. J., Morr D. and Schmalian J., Phys. Rev. B 66 (2002) 174433) are in fact mathematically equivalent. We discuss the generic phase diagram of the problem and show that there is a non-universal crossover temperature range T* < T < ω0 where power law behavior (Griffiths-McCoy behavior) is expected. For T < T* power law behavior ceases to exist due to the destruction of quantum effects generated by the dissipation in the metallic environment. We show that T* is an analogue of the Kondo temperature and is controlled by non-universal couplings.
Nanoparticle-Induced Membrane Pore Formation Studied with Lipid Bilayer Arrays

Nanoparticles are present environmentally as byproducts of industrial processes and in a wide range of consumer goods. Although toxicity studies of nanoparticles and other nanomaterials have only begun relatively recently, a diverse range of nanoparticles has already been shown to be toxic. Nanoparticle cytotoxicity assays provide little information about the mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity, which are potentially complex and are not likely the same for diverse nanoparticle species. For this reason, artificial lipid bilayer platforms have begun to be used as model systems for controlled studies allowing variation of experimental parameters not possible with cellular studies, such as membrane and solution composition. Unfortunately, in some cases the low throughput characteristic of lipid bilayer experimentation can limit the experimental scope. We have recently described a lipid bilayer array platform with simultaneous bilayer formation and measurement over a 32-element array with ∼80% yield and no operator input following fluid addition.[1] The platform is modular and allows rapid cycling of the apparatus for repeated measurement. We have used this platform to measure the interactions of aminated and carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles and a range metal oxide nanoparticle species with lipid bilayers in a wide variety of experimental conditions, including nanoparticle concentration, bilayer composition, bilayer charge, presence of serum protein, solution ionic strength, and pH. The array format permitted several thousand bilayers to be measured in total with sufficient redundancy to give statistical significance to measured results. Detailed analysis of the electrical measurements shows pore formation that is dependent on electric field, ionic strength, and nanoparticle species.1. “Lipid bilayer arrays cyclically formed and measured,” Bin Lu, Gayane Kocharyan and Jacob J. Schmidt, Biotechnology Journal 9, 446-451 (2014)
Arthroscopic resection of a chondroblastoma in the knee

A 13-year-old boy with the diagnosis of osteochondritis dissecans underwent arthroscopic examination of his knee joint. At surgery a cartilaginous mass in the medial femoral condyle was identified. Biopsy samples confirmed the diagnosis of chondroblastoma, which was removed completely through the arthroscope. A second arthroscopic examination of the knee was conducted at 6 months, and showed no residual disease. Clinical and radiographic follow-up of the affected joint 5 years after surgery was satisfactory. Arthroscopic removal of an intra-articular tumor is an attractive treatment alternative, provided the lesion is accessible and there is no suggestion of a malignancy.
Positioning e-Learning Graduate Certificate Programs: Niche Marketing in Higher Education

This article reports the results of a content analysis of 43 higher education e-learning certificate program websites to determine how they use those sites to market themselves. Results of the study indicate that both U.S. and international institutions marketing an e-learning graduate certificate program in the U.S. are clear and explicit about who they are, what they are offering, and what target audience they are seeking to reach. However, most programs sites do not include differentiators such as a unique selling proposition or unique benefit. These insights can be of value to institutions seeking to better market their e-learning graduate certificate programs and maximize the use of program websites. The findings are also consistent with previous research that affirms the value of positioning services brands where services marketers have a good understanding of their particular competitive situation within the services sector.
A high temporal resolution optical flow meter for measuring aqueous flow in active plate boundary systems

Plate boundaries are systems with dynamic fluid flow response to tectonic and overburden pressures, gas hydrate processes, heat flow and temperature anomalies, and chemical and biochemical reactions. In this paper, we seek to relate fluid flow and transient or volumetric strain events with other measurements of seismicity, pore pressure, temperature, and chemistry to fully understand the dynamics of active tectonic processes. In all of these environments, high-resolution measurements from optical flow meters (OFMs) that are sensitive to seismic and aseismic slip as well as gas transport events, are necessary to comprehend these dynamic hydrologic environments. We ultimately a plan to hook the OFM to sub-sea cable buoy based satellite networks for real-time analysis.
Dissociation of polyether-transition metal ion dimer complexes in a quadrupole ion trap

The formation and dissociation of dimer complexes consisting of a transition metal ion and two polyether ligands is examined in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Reactions of three transition metals (Ni, Cu, Co) with three crown ethers and four acyclic ethers (glymes) are studied. Singly charged species are created from ion-molecule reactions between laser-desorbed monopositive metal ions and the neutral polyethers. Doubly charged complexes are generated from electrospray ionization of solutions containing metal salts and polyethers. For the singly charged complexes, the capability for dimer formation by the ethers is dependent on the number of available coordination sites on the ligand and its ability to fully coordinate the metal ion. For example, 18-crown-6 never forms dimer complexes, but 12-crown-4 readily forms dimers. For the more flexible acyclic ethers, the ligands that have four or more oxygen atoms do not form dimer complexes because the acyclic ligands have sufficient flexibility to wrap around the metal ion and prevent attachment of a second ligand. For the doubly charged complexes, dimers are observed for all of the crown ethers and glymes, thus showing no dependence on the flexibility or number of coordination sites of the polyether. The nonselectivity of dimer formation is attributed to the higher charge density of the doubly charged metal center, resulting in stronger coordination abilities. Collisionally activated dissociation is used to evaluate the structures of the metal-polyether dimer complexes. Radical fragmentation processes are observed for some of the singly charged dimer complexes because these pathways allow the monopositive metal ion to attain a more favorable 2 + oxidation state. These radical losses are observed for the dimer complexes but not for the monomer complexes because the dimer structures have two independent ligands, a feature that enhances the coordination geometry of the complex and allows more flexibility for the rearrangements necessary for loss of radical species. Dissociation of the doubly charged complexes generated by electrospray ionization does not result in losses of radical neutrals because the metal ions already exist in favorable 2+ oxidation states.
An optimal control model of the life-cycle research productivity of scientists

A continuous time model using optimal control techniques is presented which implies that a scientist's productivity will eventually decline with age. This implication is at variance withCole's empirical findings1 but is consistent withDiamond's empirical findings.2
Extending research on parenting in mothers diagnosed with BPD: commentary on Stepp et al

Comments on an article Children of mothers with borderline personality disorder: Identifying parenting behaviors as potential targets for intervention by Stepp, Whalen, Pilkonis, Hipwell, and Levine (see record 2011-05873-001). With this review, Stepp and colleagues have advanced our understanding of parenting and child development within the context of maternal borderline personality disorder (BPD). It is commendable that these authors have initiated the first theoretical description of how a diagnosis of BPD may affect the quality of parenting. At the same time, this article highlights the disheartening lack of research in this area. Given the paucity of prior theoretical and empirical work exploring parenting in mothers diagnosed with BPD, advances in this area could be buttressed by current conceptualizations of parenting and empirical evidence from related parenting research. In this commentary, we highlight two main concerns and provide suggestions for moving the research in this area forward. First, we raise questions about how some of the identified parenting deficits thought to be specific to mothers with BPD will be operationalized in future basic research. Second, we suggest that the use of a behavioral approach to examining parenting in this population will facilitate both basic research and future intervention work.
Rapid mapping of restriction sites of a DNA: Restriction of DNA in agarose gel and two-dimensional analysis of end-labeled DNA

Abstract A new two-dimensional technique for the mapping of restriction sites is presented. Linear DNA labeled at both ends is first partially digested with the restriction endonuclease for which a map is desired. Following electrophoresis of the partial digest in an agarose gel, complete digestion of the fragments in the gel matrix with a second restriction enzyme is carried out. Electrophoresis in the second dimension resolves two sets of labeled spots: one set from the left and the other from the right end. For a given band of the autoradiogram of the first dimension gel, the mobility of the band gives the size of the DNA fragment, and therefore the distance of a particular restriction site from one of the ends of the original linear DNA. The mobility of the labeled spot derived from this band in the second dimension gel allows one to distinguish whether the distance deduced above is from one end or the other. Additional information about the location of one set of restriction sites for one enzyme relative to those for a second enzyme can also be obtained using the two-dimensional method. The advantages of the technique are the small amount of DNA required and the rapidity with which many maps can be constructed from one labeled DNA. As a test of the method, maps for the Hin dIII and Hae III cleavage sites of circular phage PM2 DNA have been obtained, after first converting the DNA to the linear form by digestion with Hpa II.
Properties of teratocarcinoma-thymus somatic cell hybrids.

A series of teratocarcinoma-thymus hybrid cells (PCT hybrids), which had been shown previously to give rise to multidifferentiated tumors and hence to be pluripotent, was tested to see whether these cells resembled their embryonal carcinoma parent in other ways as well. PCT hybrid cells look like embryonal carcinoma cells by phase contrast and electron microscopy, have high levels of alkaline phosphatase, and fail to express Thy 1 alloantigen (which is present on thymocyte parental cells, but not on embryonal carcinoma cells). PCT hybrids do, however, exhibit H2 antigens, which are present only at very low levels, if at all, on embryonal carcinoma cells.
Multi-domain liquid crystal alignment based on periodical polyimide micro-bars fabricated by inkjet printing

We report a method for the preparation of multi-domain liquid crystal (LC) alignment layers on polyimide (PI) surfaces using inkjet printed micro-bars. The substrates of PI alignment films with micro-bars are assembled in crossed fashion to form a two-dimensional lattice to enable a fringe-field-like structure and thus, the multi-domain LC alignment. A LC cell with twisted nematic (TN) and electrically-controlled birefringence (ECB) domains can be obtained when the cells are assembled according to the printing directions of the printed PI layers. Electro-optical properties of such cells are studied. The obtained multi-domain structures can be used to improve the viewing angle of TN displays.
Objective priors for generative star-shape models

Abstract With sparse structures and conditional independence, one could estimate the precision matrix of Gaussian graphical models more efficiently. Sun and Sun (2005) studied objective priors for star-shape graphical models. We consider a generative star-shape model. Objective priors such as invariance priors, the Jeffreys prior and reference priors are derived for the proposed model. Closed form expressions of posterior distributions are derived based on a family of priors including the studied objective priors.
Inhomogeneous evolutionary MCMC for Bayesian optimal sequential environmental monitoring

We develop a novel computational framework for Bayesian optimal sequential network design for environmental monitoring. This computational framework is based on inhomogeneous evolutionary Markov chain Monte Carlo, which combines ideas of genetic or evolutionary algorithms, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and inhomogenous Markov chains. Our framework allows optimality criteria with general utility functions that may include competing objectives, such as for example minimization of costs, minimization of the distance between true and estimated functions, and minimization of the prediction error. We illustrate our novel methodology with two applications to design of monitoring networks for ozone. The first application considers a one-time reduction of an existing network. The second application considers the design of a dynamic monitoring network where at each time point only a portion of the nodes of the network provide real time data.
The impact of physical activity on body weight and fat gains during the first 3 years of college

Over two-thirds of students gain weight and body fat during college, especially during the freshman year. This study examined whether participation in physical activity during the first 3 years of college was associated with favorable changes in body weight and percent body fat. Participants included 535 college students (345 females, 190 males). Height and weight (assessed by standard techniques) and body fat (assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis) were obtained at the beginning of fall semester and at the end of spring semester of each year; in addition during the first 2 years, assessments were also conducted at the end of fall semester for a total of eight assessments between 2007 and 2010. Physical activity participation was self-reported using a questionnaire that included a subset of questions from the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. While both males and females exhibited significant increases in weight and percent body fat over the 3-year period; for the females, participation...
Quantitative model-based imaging of mid-infrared radiation from a turbulent nonpremixed jet flame and plume

Abstract Current understanding of turbulent reacting flows can be improved by novel quantitative comparisons using highly scalable visualization methods based on volume rendering of time-dependent mid-infrared intensities in the form of images with multiple view angles. In this work, the effects of radiation and buoyancy in a turbulent nonpremixed flame and plume are studied by quantitatively comparing measured and computed images of the mid-infrared radiation intensity. To this end, a turbulent nonpremixed jet flame (Reynolds number 15,200 and CH 4 /H 2 /N 2 fuel composition) is considered, representing a benchmark flame configuration of the International Workshop on Measurement and Computation of Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames (TNF Workshop). Quantitative images of the radiation intensity from the flame are acquired using a calibrated high-speed mid-infrared camera and band-pass filters. The camera and filters enable time-dependent measurements of radiation from water vapor and carbon dioxide over the entire flame length and beyond. Results of the solution to the radiative transfer equation are rendered in the form of images using scalar values from large eddy simulations (LES) and a narrowband radiation model. Planar images obtained from experiments and simulations for the radiation intensity display qualitatively comparable features, including localized regions of high and low intensity that are characteristic of turbulent flames. The quantitative comparison of the measured and computed temperature profiles and radiation intensities, particularly in the plume region downstream of the stoichiometric flame length, indicate that including radiation heat loss is important even for weakly radiating flames. The results demonstrate that quantitative experimental and model-based imaging of mid-infrared radiation intensity is useful for assessing the results of narrowband radiation and combustion models.
Aircraft Quality Assurance Using Close-Range Photogrammetry

AbstractWe, at General Dynamics, are convinced that close -range industrial photogrammetry willplay an increasingly important role as a basic metrology tool in support of airframedesign, manufacture and quality control.A breakthrough in the use of software enabled us to gain initial success in theapplication of photogrammetry in the area of wind tunnel testing, then move to full -scaleaircraft inspection and aircraft structural calibration. These successful applicationshave led to implementation of photogrammetry as the preferred method of periodic inspec-tion on numerous planar type assembly tools. We are currently extending this technologyto the more geometrically complex tools under an Air Force Material Laboratory Contract.In the future, we hope to go into such areas as aircraft control surface position,stereo - photogrammetry to eliminate the use of targets on locators, detail parts inspection,and structural testing, including proof load and deflection data, airworthiness of air-craft and service life.IntroductionAnalytical photogrammetry is a technique for obtaining measurements in real, three -dimensional space using multiple photographs as a source of raw data.Photogrammetry has been around for a long time. It principal application has beenas a tool for aerial surveying and map making. To date, this area of photogrammetry hasbeen the most active and has led to the development of specialized cameras and filmreading equipment. The development of plotters and comparators (film readers) of greatrealiability and accuracy interfaced with a wide variety of computers has made photo -grammetry a viable means of defining configurations. The technology has been applied toland -use management, natural resource studies, water and errosion research, forestry study,and with terrestrial photogrammetry (ground -based rather than aerial), in such fields ofmedicine and mining.Wind tunnel testing - A beginning.There was a need to provide an accurate measurement of the deflected shape of a modelwhile it was under aerodynamic load in a wind tunnel. This need stems from the fact thatnot even solid steel wings are rigid under simulated full -scale aerodynamic conditions, andthe problem is aggravated by current trends in aircraft design, including high maneuver-ability, low thickness to cord airfoils, aeroelastic tailoring, and emphasis on transonictesting. These trends raise questions such as:
VASOACTIVE AGENTS STIMULATE ENDOTHELIN-1 (ET-1) PRODUCTION FROM ENDOTHELIAL CELLS VIA PROTEIN KINASE C. † 1111

VASOACTIVE AGENTS STIMULATE ENDOTHELIN-1 (ET-1) PRODUCTION FROM ENDOTHELIAL CELLS VIA PROTEIN KINASE C. † 1111
On the Use of Pattern Fluorescence Photobleaching Recovery with Modulation Detection to Obtain Colloidal Size Distributions.

Abstract Fluorescence photobleaching recovery, long a staple tool of complex fluid experimentation, is discussed as a method for size characterization of colloidal particles. Specific comparisons are made to dynamic light scattering, which is often used for sizing particles despite some important limitations. The capabilities of fluorescence photobleaching recovery for size determination are demonstrated for aggregating core–shell silica–polypeptide composite particles suspended in polar organic solvents.
Imaging for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in adults

The three goals of imaging for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction are to determine the presence and degree of renal obstruction, to assess renal function, and to determine the cause of the problem. The diagnostic techniques are intravenous urography, which is unreliable; ultrasonography, with the addition of pulsed Doppler technology; diuretic scintigraphy; and pressure-flow studies (Whitaker test), which is the only direct clinical test of renal outflow resistance. Voiding cystography, retrograde ureteropyelography, and CT have utility in some patients. In determining the cause of obstruction, the patient often is evaluated for crossing vessels using angiography, endoluminal ultrasonography, or spiral CT. It is not possible to formulate a single algorithm for radiographic evaluation of suspected UPJ obstruction, but in the average adult patient, urography and diuretic scintigraphy are sufficient.
Conditioning of simultaneous and serial feature-positive discriminations

Three experiments with rat subjects examined the development of simultaneous and serial feature-positive discriminations in appetitive conditioning. In Experiment 1, reinforced presentations of a simultaneous light-tone compound were intermixed with nonreinforced presentations of either the light or the tone. The compound stimulus acquired conditioned behaviors of a form characteristic of the predictive feature alone; the element common to reinforced and nonreinforced trials did not evoke conditioned behavior. In Experiment 2, reinforced presentations of a serial light-trace-tone compound were intermixed with nonreinforced tone-alone presentations. The light feature stimulus acquired conditioned behaviors characteristic of visual CSs. The tone stimulus, common to reinforced and nonreinforced trials, evoked conditioned behaviors characteristic of auditory CSs, but only when preceded by the light. In Experiment 3, variations in the interval between the light and tone on reinforced trials had little effect on responding to the light CS but substantially altered the pattern of responding to the tone CS. These results suggested that simultaneous and serial feature-positive discriminations may be solved differently. Performance in simultaneous feature-positive discriminations may be determined solely by associations between the feature stimulus and the reinforcer, but performance in serial discriminations may also involve the acquisition of a conditional cue function to the feature.
Humor: Prosody Analysis and Automatic Recognition for F*R*I*E*N*D*S*

We analyze humorous spoken conversations from a classic comedy television show, FRIENDS, by examining acoustic-prosodic and linguistic features and their utility in automatic humor recognition. Using a simple annotation scheme, we automatically label speaker turns in our corpus that are followed by laughs as humorous and the rest as non-humorous. Our humor-prosody analysis reveals significant differences in prosodic characteristics (such as pitch, tempo, energy etc.) of humorous and non-humorous speech, even when accounted for the gender and speaker differences. Humor recognition was carried out using standard supervised learning classifiers, and shows promising results significantly above the baseline.
A dynamical model of the corona

The hydrodynamic equations for an ideal, inviscid, fully ionized hydrogen gas in a gravitational, but not magnetic, field are solved by an explicit Lax-Wendroff two-step technique using a one-dimensional slab symmetry. Radiation and thermal conductivity are included. The model spans 100000 km starting from the chromosphere-corona transition region. An initially isothermal gas is seen to evolve coronal properties in 4000 s, by which time it settles into dynamic equilibrium characterized by a 2000 km transition region, a temperature maximum of 1.6 × 106 K at a height of 60000 km, and a solar wind mass flux of 10-9 g cm-2 s-1.
Synchronization of phase-coupled oscillators with arbitrary topology

This paper studies networks of identical phase-coupled oscillators with arbitrary underlying connected graph. By using results from algebraic graph theory, a sufficient condition is obtained which can be used to check equilibrium stability. This condition generalizes existing results and can solve some previously unsolved cases. It also leads to the first sufficient condition on the coupling function with which the system is guaranteed to reach synchronization. Throughout the paper, several examples are used to verify and illustrate the theory. We also correct some mistakes in the existing literature.
When the goal is palliative care.

Objective An analysis of the literature regarding palliative care of patients with wounds. Data sources Health care literature, including national and international reports, focusing on enhancing quality of life for individuals with wounds who are receiving palliative care. Conclusion The literature on palliative care of patients with wounds is limited. Integration of palliative care concepts and chronic wound management is challenging; however, palliative care, which focuses on comfort and symptom management for quality of life, can provide the best quality care within the parameters of disease and individual patient wishes.
Uveal metastasis from prostate carcinoma.

Background Although breast and lung cancers account for most metastatic tumors to the uvea, prostate carcinoma metastatic to the uvea is relatively rare. Methods The authors reviewed 379 consecutive patients with uveal metastasis referred to the Ocular Oncology Service at the Wills Eye Hospital to determine the frequency of prostate carcinoma as the primary neoplasm. Results Of 379 consecutive patients with uveal metastasis, the primary tumor was prostate carcinoma in 7 (2% of all patients, 5% of male patients). The mean age at ocular diagnosis was 66 years. In six patients (85%) a prior history of prostate carcinoma was known and the prior history of prostate carcinoma was known and the mean time interval between the diagnosis of the primary tumor and the uveal metastasis was 28 months. All seven patients were found to have active or regressed metastases elsewhere. The choroid was involved in six patients (85%) and the iris in one (15%). Ocular treatment included external-beam radiation therapy in five patients (70%) and episcleral radioactive plaque in two (30%). After a total mean follow-up of 84 months (range, 44-140 months) from the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, two patients were still alive and five patients have died (mean, 6 months after diagnosis of uveal metastasis). Conclusions Prostate carcinoma can metastasize to the uvea and the presence of uveal metastasis is associated with a shorter survival time compared with metastasis to other sites.
Urbanization and Rural- Urban Migration in China since 1982: A New Baseline

It would not be an exaggeration to say that the People's Republic of China has one of the world's most complex systems of defining urban population. As evidenced by the massive literature generated, China watchers in the West have expended an enormous amount of energy in trying to understand the Chinese system. About a decade ago, in one of the apparently futile quests, the size of the Chinese urban population was declared an insoluble "enigma" (Orleans and Burnham, 1984). Today we are, of course, better off: the baffling mysteries surrounding China's urban population size between 1949 and 1982 have since been cleared up through the assiduous work of many scholars (Chan and Xu, 1985; Ma and Cui, 1987). In rapidly changing China, however, recent developments in the definition of what is "urban" and urban boundaries since 1983 have, among other things, created many new problems for urbanists in their attempt to understand urbanization and migration in mainland China in the 1980s. As will be explained in detail later, two existing urban population series were in use between 1983 and 1989 (Table 1, cols. 2 and 8), but neither is satisfactory for any analytical purpose. Although almost all
Eigenvalue equation for a general periodic potential and its multipole expansion solution.

It is shown that the Bloch function, as an element of the Hilbert space spanned by Bloch-periodic planes waves, can be also represented as an on-shell superposition of Bloch-periodic orbitals which, however, exist in a distribution sense. By using this result and the multipole expansion of the Bloch function at the origin, it is further shown that the integral eigenvalue equation of the Bloch function for a general periodic potential is equivalent (both necessary and sufficient) to an algebraic system of homogeneous linear equations for the coefficients of the multipole expansion of the Bloch function at the origin, akin to the much simpler case of a finite-range potential. In contrast to the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) equation, the contribution of the cell potential (whether of the muffin-tin or general form) introduces a supplementary structure dependence. However, the separation between structure and potential, typical for the KKR equation, can be restored by introducing various approximations.