cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Management and the Strategies of Global Business Education: From Knowledge to Wisdom

The chapter emphasizes the role of knowledge and social infrastructure in the development of nations. It starts with the critique of the Lisbon strategy, in view of the fact that this strategy concentrates on wrong goals and relies on declarations and exhortations rather than on doing. Then, discussion turns to some World Bank studies implying that prosperity of nations is closely correlated with reliance on human and social capital. Finally, the notion and taxonomy of knowledge is discussed along with the emergence of strategic wisdom project, measurement of knowledge via added value and the institution of entrepreneurial university as main strategic concepts for achieving competitive success in the global economy.
The mimetic finite difference method for the Landau-Lifshitz equation

The Landau-Lifshitz equation describes the dynamics of the magnetization inside ferromagnetic materials. This equation is highly nonlinear and has a non-convex constraint (the magnitude of the magnetization is constant) which poses interesting challenges in developing numerical methods. We develop and analyze explicit and implicit mimetic finite difference schemes for this equation. These schemes work on general polytopal meshes which provide enormous flexibility to model magnetic devices with various shapes. A projection on the unit sphere is used to preserve the magnitude of the magnetization. We also provide a proof that shows the exchange energy is decreasing in certain conditions. The developed schemes are tested on general meshes that include distorted and randomized meshes. The numerical experiments include a test proposed by the National Institute of Standard and Technology and a test showing formation of domain wall structures in a thin film.
Chemical Secretory Pathway Modulation in Plant Protoplasts

The classical Golgi pathway is not the only mechanism for vacuolar protein transport in plants because alternative transport mechanisms have been described. The existence of these alternative pathways can be demonstrated using several chemicals and here we describe the use of brefeldin A (BFA), endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (Endo-H), and tunicamycin, on isolated tobacco leaf protoplasts. Two main methods are illustrated in this chapter, protoplast pulse-chase followed by protein immunoprecipitation, and protoplast immunofluorescence.
A comparative study of wireless ATM MAC protocols

In wireless ATM (W-ATM), the multiple access control (MAC) protocol is the main element that determines the efficiency of the system sharing the communication resources. With the proliferation of standards, it is becoming a daunting task to distinguish one protocol from another. We characterize several MAC protocols for W-ATM applications by comparing their performance as a function of different quality-of-service (QoS) parameters such as CBR, VBR, ABR and UBR traffic. Although each protocol has its own merit, it is unclear how these different protocols compare against each other on a unified basis.
Reduced mass printed Quasi-Yagi antennas

A broadband Quasi-Yagi antenna with 50% mass reduction is proposed and demonstrated. Dielectric material is removed from a conventional printed Quasi-Yagi antenna between the reflector and dipole arms. Additional material is removed around the dipole arms and parasitic director element. Compared to a conventional design, antenna gain is 0.7 dB lower on average over the 3–3.5 GHz operating band. The −10 dB impedance bandwidth is reduced by <10% while meeting return loss requirements over the band of interest. The antenna element is planned for use in an array configuration for an S-band direction finding sensor intended for mass constrained unmanned vehicles. To the authors' knowledge, this work is the first investigation of a mass reduction technique for printed Quasi-Yagi antennas.
Is second-line targeted therapy beneficial in patients (pts) with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after first-line sorafenib (SOR) failure?

e17016 Background: SOR has demonstrated efficacy in phase II trials but responses are not durable. 2nd line therapy is used in clinical practice however there are no data showing clinical benefit w...
High accuracy wearable SSVEP detection using feature profiling and dimensionality reduction

Steady State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) has been commonly adopted in Brain Computer Interface (BCI) applications. For wearable BCI applications, several aspects of SSVEP-based BCI systems, such as speed, subject variability, and accurate target detection, are under ongoing research investigations. Up to date, Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) has been considered the state-of-the-art feature extraction method for SSVEP-based BCI systems. Nevertheless, although CCA outperforms traditional SSVEP detection methods, such as Power Spectral Density Analysis (PSDA), achieving high accuracies when detecting target frequencies is still a challenging task due to user variation and physiological changes in the human body. In this paper, we investigate an SSVEP-based BCI application using wireless EEG recording and an Android tablet-based user interface. We propose a fusion of CCA and PSDA solutions at the score level by dividing their score space into multiple partitions, and extract and combine their complementary discriminative information to minimize the detection error in a linear fashion. We investigated transforming the fusion score space to lower dimensions with the purpose of alleviating redundancy. As such, we employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Our experimental results demonstrated that our proposed score fusion method is effective in reducing the effect of noise and non-stationary elements in EEG dynamics. Average detection accuracies improved from 63% for CCA to 72% for fusion+PCA and further improved to 98% for fusion+LDA.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for postoperative pain relief after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a prospective double-blinded randomized trial

Background Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) can be associated with significant postoperative pain. Concern for opioid abuse has led surgeons to identify alternative, efficacious methods of postoperative analgesia. To determine whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can have a similarly beneficial effect after shoulder procedures, we conducted a prospective double-blinded randomized trial in patients undergoing outpatient ARCR. Methods All patients undergoing ARCR of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear by the senior authors were identified. Patients with a history of recent narcotic use or prior narcotic abuse and those under management of a pain control specialist were excluded. Patients were randomized into 2 groups, active or placebo TENS, and used the device for 4 sessions/day for 45 minutes/session for the first postoperative week. All patients received Percocet 5/325 mg (oxycodone/acetaminophen) for use as rescue pain pills. One-week narcotic consumption and visual analog scale pain scores were compared between groups. Results The final analysis included 37 patients (21 active,16 placebo). Baseline and procedural differences were not different between groups. At 1 week postoperatively, patients in the active group had significantly lower pain scores (3.6 ± 2.1 vs. 5.8 ± 1.2; P = .008). Postoperative Percocet consumption during the initial 48 hours (12.8 ± 4.7 vs. 17.2 ± 6.3; P = .020) and during the first week (25.2 ± 9.9 vs. 33.8 ± 14.3; P = .037) was also significantly lower in the active group. Conclusion Results from this prospective double-blinded randomized trial demonstrate that compared with placebo TENS, active TENS can result in significantly less pain and reduced opioid use in the immediate postoperative period after ARCR, suggesting that TENS may be potentially useful in a multimodal approach to managing postoperative pain.
Archival crawlers and JavaScript: discover more stuff but crawl more slowly

The web is today's primary publication medium, making web archiving an important activity for historical and analytical purposes. Web pages are increasingly interactive, resulting in pages that are correspondingly difficult to archive. JavaScript enables interactions that can potentially change the client-side state of a representation. We refer to representations that load embedded resources via JavaScript as deferred representations. It is difficult to discover and crawl all of the resources in deferred representations and the result of archiving deferred representations is archived web pages that are either incomplete or erroneously load embedded resources from the live web. We propose a method of discovering and archiving deferred representations and their descendants (representation states) that are only reachable through client- side events. Our approach identified an average of 38.5 descendants per seed URI crawled, 70.9% of which are reached through an onclick event. This approach also added 15.6 times more embedded resources than Heritrix to the crawl frontier, but at a crawl rate that was 38.9 times slower than simply using Heritrix. If our method was applied to the July 2015 Common Crawl dataset, a web-scale archival crawler will discover an additional 7.17 PB (5.12 times more) of information per year. This illustrates the significant increase in resources necessary for more thorough archival crawls.
How Ag Nanospheres Are Transformed into AgAu Nanocages.

Bimetallic hollow, porous noble metal nanoparticles are of broad interest for biomedical, optical and catalytic applications. The most straightforward method for preparing such structures involves the reaction between HAuCl4 and well-formed Ag particles, typically spheres, cubes, or triangular prisms, yet the mechanism underlying their formation is poorly understood at the atomic scale. By combining in situ nanoscopic and atomic-scale characterization techniques (XAFS, SAXS, XRF, and electron microscopy) to follow the process, we elucidate a plausible reaction pathway for the conversion of citrate-capped Ag nanospheres to AgAu nanocages; importantly, the hollowing event cannot be explained by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect, nor by Galvanic exchange alone, two processes that have been previously proposed. We propose a modification of the bulk Galvanic exchange process that takes into account considerations that can only occur with nanoscale particles. This nanoscale Galvanic exchange process explains the ...
The Uses and Gratifications of Language in Social Media among the Indian Subcontinental Diaspora in the U.S.

This study examines the uses and gratifications of language in social media among the Indian subcontinental diaspora in the United States, based on data collected from an online survey of 535 adult...
Who Takes AP Economics

This paper provides an analysis of who takes Advanced Placement (AP) Economics. Using two years of administrative data on all high school students who take a course to satisfy Georgia’s graduation requirement in economics, we find large differences in enrollment in AP Economics across groups. Specifically, African-American and Hispanic students and students from low-income backgrounds are about half as likely to be enrolled in AP Economics as other students. However, once we control for prior academic achievement in Geometry, African-American and Hispanic students are overrepresented relative to whites and the difference between low income and other students is reduced significantly. Female students are overrepresented relative to males, and Asian students are overrepresented relative to whites — this latter effect is large. African-American, Hispanic, and especially Asian students are more likely to attend high schools that offer AP Economics. Students living outside of metropolitan Atlanta and students in smaller schools have much less access to AP Economics.
The Partially Clothed Emperor: Evidence-Based Practices:

The evidence-based practices literature has defined a core set of practices and treatments that are effective, at least in empirical studies. Implementing these evidence-based practices and treatme...
"You Can Go to College": Employing a Developmental Perspective to Examine How Young Men of Color Construct a College-Going Identity.

This article examines college-going identity construction for Black, Latino, and Asian American and Pacific Islander high school students. The authors use Marcia’s (J Personal Soc Psychol 3(5):551–558, 1966; in: Delson (ed) Handbook of adolescent research, Wiley, New York, 1980) ego identity statuses perspective to examine how students develop their college-going identities to consider their post-high school pathways. We draw on focus groups interviews with 153 Black, Latino, and Asian American Pacific Islanders students enrolled in 10 urban and suburban high schools in California. The findings show the importance of being somebody, not quitting before establishing a career or graduating from college, joining the military as a pathway to finance postsecondary education, and the internal pressure to pay for higher education. The significance of this paper challenges the dominant narrative of young men of color not invested or interested in higher education, but highlight how the young men of color negotiate their agency in constructing their ideas and making decisions based on how various tensions and aspirations shape their goals after high school.
Support and reassurance needs: strategies for practice.

Support and personal needs have been empirically validated as two of the most important family need categories during critical illness. Perhaps overshadowed during the initial critical care phase by a need for relief of initial anxiety and reassurance of quality care and information, support needs emerge as family members recognize the impact of the stressful illness experience on themselves. Critical care nurses can provide social support to family members through family assessment, counseling, and support groups. Although not empirically tested, it is generally believed that such support will influence the ability of family members to provide support to the patient and thereby influence a positive recovery from critical illness.
Effect of dietary fat on cholesterol absorption, synthesis and transport in the preruminant calf

Nine preruminant male calves were prepared surgically with lymphatico-venous shunts and/or re-entrant gallbladder to proximal duodenum shunts to evaluate the effects of the degree of saturation of dietary fat upon cholesterol transport in the intestinal lymph and bile. Liquid diets were formulated to contain 12.5% dried skim milk (SM) or 10.5% SM to which was added 2% soybean oil (SBO), milk fat (MF), beef tallow (T) or a fat plus supplemental cholesterol. Calves received each diet for 3 days at 8% of body weight per day in two equal feedings. Following completion of each three day dietary treatment, total lymph collections were made for 15 min of each hour, 1 h prefeeding and 12 h postfeeding, to determine flow rate, total lipid and cholesterol transport. Total bile collections were made during the same time span to determine flow rate, cholesterol and bile acid transport. For the SM, SBO, T and MF diets, respectively, cholesterol transported in the mesenteric lymph averaged 1.09, 1.92, 2.70, and 2.41 mg/(h x kg body weight); average lipid transport in the mesenteric lymph was 8.94, 32.58, 38.12, and 64.86 mg/(h x kg body weight). Source of fat or addition of supplemental cholesterol had no effect on amount of cholesterol or bile acid transported in the bile; however, calves fed SM transported greater quantities of cholesterol in the bile than did calves fed fat or fat plus cholesterol. Our method allows for simultaneous determination of cholesterol absorption and excretion over long periods of time and various dietary treatments.
Calculational Methods for Disordered Quasi-One-Dimensional Systems

The transport of entities such as electrons, excitons, and phonons in disordered media is affected greatly by the nature of the randomness. If the degree of randomness is sufficiently large, the electronic wave function is localized in a small region in a sense described by Anderson1 and transport of electrons takes place by hopping among these localized states. Even if we limit our consideration to quasi-one-dimensional systems the calculation of the density of states and the wave functions in long disordered chains is a formidable task. In what follows we shall describe a number of different approaches to the problem and present the results of recent calculations on various model systems. In all cases we are aiming at approximate methods for systems sufficiently complex that massive self consistent field calculations are at present completely out of the question.
Synchronized network snapshots

When monitoring a network, operators rarely have a finegrained and complete view of the network's state. Instead, today's network monitoring tools generally only measure a single device or path at a time; whole-network metrics are a composition of these independent measurements, i.e., an afterthought. Such tools fail to fully answer a wide range of questions. Is my load balancing algorithm taking advantage of all available paths evenly? How much of my network is concurrently loaded? Is application traffic synchronized? These types of concurrent network behavior are challenging to capture at fine granularity as they involve coordination across the entire network. At the same time, understanding them is essential to the design of network switches, architectures, and protocols. This paper presents the design of a Synchronized Network Snapshot protocol. The goal of our primitive is the collection of a network-wide set of measurements. To ensure that the measurements are meaningful, our design guarantees they are both causally consistent and approximately synchronous. We demonstrate with a Wedge100BF implementation the feasibility of our approach as well as its many potential uses.
Acylcarnitines, Including In Vitro Loading Tests

Acylcarnitine analysis for the diagnosis of organic acidemias and particularly of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders plays an increasingly prominent role in all venues of clinical biochemical genetics: prenatal diagnosis, newborn screening, evaluation of symptomatic patients, and postmortem screening. Almost exclusively performed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), plasma/serum is the primary specimen type in diagnostic settings. Blood dried on filter paper is analyzed for newborn screening and together with bile in the postmortem evaluation of cases of sudden and unexpected death. Cell-free supernatant of amniotic fluid is used for the prenatal diagnosis of selected inborn errors of metabolism. Cultured fibroblasts or amniocytes can be probed with FAO substrates and carnitine. Cell cultures deficient of an FAO enzyme will accumulate specific acylcarnitine species when incubated with substrates such as palmitate, allowing for the diagnosis of FAO disorders and several organoacidopathies. Acylcarnitine analysis using stable isotope-labeled internal standards provides quantitative data for acylcarnitine species. However, to provide meaningful results to referring health care providers, it is critical to complement analytical proficiency with in-depth interpretation of results as is true for many other examples of complex metabolic profiles.
Ethical Positions and Decision-Making

The first part of this chapter introduces elements of professional and business ethics, followed by definitions of various approaches to decision-making and thinking, including critical and creative thinking. This prepares the reader for a critical approach toward evaluating messages projected through the screen. The second part provides a concise yet relevant summary of moral agency, ethical dilemmas, applied ethics, and normative ethical approaches such as Virtue Ethics, Deontological (Duty) Ethics and Teleological (Consequentialist) Ethics. The ethical approaches are illustrated by discussing the Ford Pinto product safety case from 1977 and the Volkswagen emission scandal from 2015. Film discussions consider the two versions of Insomnia films, namely the original Norwegian film Insomnia (Eric Skjoldberg, 1997) and its American remake Insomnia (Christopher Nolan, 2002). We elaborate on the fragility of a moral decision-making, and on different ethical considerations presented in the two films.
Genital Mesenchymal Tumors

A variety of mesenchymal tumors can arise in the cervix, vulvovaginal, and inguinoscrotal regions including lipomatous neoplasms, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and sarcomas such as rhabdomyosarcoma. Consequently, this chapter will focus on lesions that solely or predominantly affect the soft tissues of the distal genital tract, beginning with the genital stromal tumors. This group includes fibroepithelial stromal polyp, cellular angiofibroma, mammary-type myofibroblastoma, angiomyofibroblastoma, and aggressive angiomyxoma. As genital stromal tumors are notorious for significant morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap, key histologic features of each entity will be emphasized. Two rare lesions involving the vulva, prepubertal vulval fibroma and massive vulval edema, will also be reviewed. Finally, the chapter ends with a discussion of smooth muscle tumors of the external genitalia. Even though the morphology of smooth muscle tumors of the vulva, vagina, and scrotum is similar to those at other sites, each of these locations has unique criteria for distinguishing leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas.
Switchable regioselectivity in lewis acid-promoted reactions of 1,4-benzoquinone monoimides with styrenyl systems: Selective syntheses of either 2-aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans or 2-aryl-2,3-dihydroindoles

Abstract Reactions of 4-(N-phenylsulfonyl)-2-alkoxy-1,4-benzoquinone monoimines with electron-rich propenylbenzenes promoted by BF3 yield 7-alkoxy-2-aryl-3-methyl-5-(N-phenylsulfonyl)amino-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans nearly exclusively; whereas, promotion of the reactions by >2 equiv of Ti(IV) gives mainly N-phenylsulfonyl-6-alkoxy-2-aryl-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,3-dihydoindoles.
3D Interaction for Computer Science Educational VR Game

We propose a full immersion 3D environment in the form of a video game. The environment offers the player the opportunity to explore basic Computer Science (CS) concepts without removing any of the entertaining aspects of games. We believe in creating a software that can be enjoyed by anyone regardless of age and at the same time can increase CS awareness. We developed a complete 3D game emulating an Escape Room. We aim to capture the attention of not only teenagers but also adults. The solution to each room is presented as puzzles based on the background concepts of computer science. These concepts are in the form of every day decisions to bring familiarity into the game play. The games aim is to be inviting and fun. Ultimately, giving each player the opportunity to be engaged into computer science concepts as they go thought the game and sparking interest towards CS.
Seedling recruitment correlates with seed input across seed sizes: implications for coexistence

Understanding controls on recruitment is critical to predicting community assembly, diversity, and coexistence. Theory posits that at mean fecundity, recruitment of highly fecund small-seeded plants should be primarily microsite limited, which is indicated by a saturating recruitment function. In contrast, species that produce fewer large seeds are more likely to be seed-limited, which is characterized by a linear recruitment function. If these patterns hold in nature, seed predation that disproportionately affects larger-seeded species can limit their establishment. We tested these predictions by comparing recruitment functions among 16 co-occurring perennial forb species that vary by over two orders of magnitude in seed size. We also assessed how postdispersal seed predation by mice influenced recruitment. We added seeds at densities from zero to three times natural fecundity of each species to undisturbed plots and examined spatial variation in recruitment by conducting experiments across 10 grassland sites that varied in productivity and resource availability. Consistent across two replicated years, most species had linear recruitment functions across the range of added seed densities, indicative of seed-limited recruitment. Depending on year, the recruitment functions of only 19-37% of target species saturated near their average fecundity, and this was not associated with seed size. Recruitment was strongly inhibited by rodent seed predation for large-seeded species but not for smaller-seeded species. Proportional recruitment was more sensitive to spatial variation in recruitment conditions across sites for some small-seeded species than for large-seeded species. These results contradict the common belief that highly fecund small-seeded species suffer from microsite-limited recruitment. Rather, they imply that, at least episodically, recruitment can be strongly correlated to plant fecundity. However, proportional recruitment of small-seeded species was inhibited at productive sites to a greater extent than large-seeded species. Results also show that in a system where the dominant granivore prefers larger seeds, low-fecundity large-seeded species can suffer from even greater seed-limited recruitment than would occur in the absence of predators.
Scoring and Interpretation of the FSFI: What can be Learned From 20 Years of use?

Abstract Introduction Over the past 20 years, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) has been considered the gold standard for the measurement of sexual function in women, with over 1,000 published manuscripts citing the article. Despite the measure’s widespread usage and excellent psychometric properties, there has been some confusion over how to best implement and score the measure and interpret corresponding findings. Aim The aim of the current article is to provide guidance, drawing from 20 years of use, on how to best implement the FSFI in research settings and interpret results based on the validation studies that have been conducted to date. Methods The overview of scoring and interpretation procedures found in this article is drawn from a review of the published literature on the psychometric properties of the FSFI. Main Outcome Measure The measure of interest for the present review is the FSFI. Results This review article provides information about implementing, scoring, and interpreting the full-scale FSFI. Domain-level scoring and interpretation procedures are also discussed across the 5 domains of the FSFI: arousal, satisfaction, desire, pain, and lubrication. Additionally, guidance is provided for evaluating translated versions of the FSFI and using the measure to examine sexual function in culturally diverse populations. Clinical Implications Guidance on appropriately scoring and interpretating the FSFI has the potential to strengthen our empirical understanding of sexual function, and consequently, to guide theory-driven treatment development and clinical practice. Strength & Limitations The present review provides applied guidance for the appropriate use of the FSFI specifically, but does not cover other common measures of sexual function or adaptations of the original measure. Conclusion It is our hope that the guidance found in this review will ultimately lead to more rigorous and appropriate usage of the FSFI in research settings. Meston CM, Freihart BK, Handy AB, et al. Scoring and Interpretation of the FSFI: What can be Learned From 20 Years of use? J Sex Med 2020;17:17–25.
Letermovir Prophylaxis in Patients at High Risk for CMV Disease Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplant

Objective Starting January 2018 all adult HCT recipients at Stanford University who were at high risk (HR) for CMV disease received Letermovir prophylaxis (LET PPX). HR included: (1) ATG containing regimen, (2) an umbilical cord blood (UBC) graft, or (3) a haplo-identical, (4) unrelated (URD) (5) mismatched-related donor (misM-RD). We performed a retrospective analysis of the impact of LET PPX on the impact of CMV compared to historical controls. Methods 629 adults HCT patients from Jan 2013 - May 2019 were analyzed. 76 of these patients received LET PPX. Plasma CMV PCR was performed weekly through D+100. Prior to 2018, UCB patients received valacyclovir 2000 mg TID. PET was started if viral load (VL) was > 400 copies/ml (2009-2012) or 400 IU/ml (2013-2019). CMV disease was defined by published criteria. Results • LET PPX was well-tolerated without hematopoietic/organ toxicity. • CMV viremia occurred during LET PPX in 71 % of patients which was comparable to 74% in the controls; however, 34% LET PPX (34%) were started on a different CMV-active agent compared to 50% of controls. In 52% of LET PPX patients viremia cleared without change of antiviral or disease. (Table 1) • Although median hospital stays were the same in the LET PPX and control groups, there was a trend to greater number of hospitalizations in the control group. • Median Day post-transplant of first detection of CMV viremia for patients who received PET/change in CMV-active agent was later in the LET PPX group (D+45) than in the controls (D+ 18) • 3 of 76 (3.9%) LET PPX developed disease compared with 48 of 553 controls (8.7%). None of 24 ATG patients on LET PPX developed disease compared to 23/235 controls. (Table 2) Conclusion • Compared to controls, LET prophylaxis decreased the burden of CMV. • Other analyses not shown: hospitalizations, transfusions, infections, GHVD, relapse, survival
Anticipatory emotion regulation of a highly arousing stressor in adulthood and old age.

Objectives: Most studies of emotion regulation across the lifespan have focused on how individuals manage their emotions during or after emotional events. However the current study examined how ant...
Success (but Unfinished) Story of Metabolic Surgery

In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), evidence has evolved rapidly in recent years demonstrating major benefits of metabolic surgery on control of blood glucose (1–3) and a wide range of cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes (4–6). Historically, the relative risks versus benefits of surgical treatment of obesity remained controversial for two principal reasons: the complicated nature of the surgery and the absence of compelling evidence for meaningful clinical benefits. Both of these concerns have now been substantially clarified, but there remains considerable scientific work to be done. Surgical treatment of obesity started more than half a century ago with complicated operations such as intestinal rerouting procedures (e.g., jejunoileal bypass). Severe adverse outcomes from these procedures, including malnutrition and liver failure, seemed to outweigh the benefits. Over the years, surgical innovations have resulted in the development of less complicated and less invasive, but metabolically effective, alternative procedures targeting the stomach (e.g., gastric bypass). In parallel, the growing epidemics of obesity and T2D and absence of effective and durable pharmacotherapy for severe obesity have resulted in increased demand for more effective treatments, which has fueled surgical innovations. The increased acceptance of metabolic surgery has been enhanced by many advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques, formal training of bariatric surgeons, a rigorous accreditation process for recognition of bariatric surgeons and bariatric centers, and emergence of less invasive procedures (e.g., sleeve gastrectomy). Evidence generated through collaboration between the medical and surgical communities has strongly suggested that the metabolic and CV benefits of surgical procedures extend beyond the effects of weight loss alone (7,8). As …
Shoulder Instability, Performance and Return to Play in National Hockey League Athletes:

Objectives:Hockey players are at risk for various injury due to the aggressive nature of gameplay with the rate of shoulder injuries ranges from 8.6% to 21.9%. Although performance and return to pl...
Training Deep Learning Sequence Models to Understand Driver Behavior

Driver distraction is one of the leading causes of fatal car accidents in the U.S. Analyzing driver behavior using machine learning and deep learning models is an emerging solution to detect abnormal behavior and alarm the driver. Models with memory such as LSTM networks outperform memoryless models in car safety applications since driving is a continuous task and considering information in the sequence of driving data can increase the model’s performance. In this work, we used time-sequenced driving data that we collected in eight driving contexts to measure the driver distraction. Our model is also capable of detecting the type of behavior that caused distraction. We used the driver interaction with the car infotainment system as the distracting activity. A multilayer neural network (MLP) was used as the baseline and two types of LSTM networks including the LSTM model with attention network and the encoder–decoder model with attention were built and trained to analyze the effect of memory and attention on the computational expense and performance of the model. We compare the performance of these two complex networks to that of the MLP in estimating driver behavior. We show that our encoder–decoder with attention model outperforms the LSTM attention while using LSTM networks with attention enhanced training process of the MLP network.
Synthesis of Radiolabeled Technetium- and Rhenium-Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (99mTc/Re-Acdien-LHRH) Conjugates for Targeted Detection of Breast Cancer Cells Overexpressing the LHRH Receptor

Currently, 186/188Re and 99mTc are widely used radionuclides for cancer detection and diagnosis. New advancements in modalities and targeting strategies of radiopharmaceuticals will provide an oppo...
Exploring equity: How equity norms have been applied implicitly and explicitly in transportation research and practice

Abstract By definition, equity is concerned with justice. On a societal level, equity is concerned with the just distribution of resources in society. Because a wide range of theories of just distribution exist, equity considerations are multifaceted and create a normative conceptual space in which theories can be considered, argued, and applied. In the past few decades, the concept of equity has received increasing attention within the transportation literature, both within academic journals and practice-oriented books and reports. These works present various theories of justice, either implicitly or explicitly, within the context of transportation financing, investments, and service allocations. While explicit normative reviews as well as arguments have been presented, implicit applications and imprecise definitions of equity theories have largely obfuscated and over-simplified this expansive topic. Within a predominantly western, US and euro-centric context, this article uses concepts and theories from the fields of social psychology, philosophy, and economics to understand and clarify the concept of equity within the field of transportation.
The Call to Translate Data Into Action to Prevent Infant Death.

* Abbreviation: SUID — : sudden unexpected infant death In this issue of Pediatrics , Parks et al1 analyze rates of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) by explained and unexplained categories and identify demographic and medical factors associated with SUID using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Case Registry. This study highlights 3 critical opportunities to impact SUID rates: (1) consistent data collection and reporting, (2) overrepresentation of preterm infants and infants with recent illness in SUID cases, and (3) the large contribution of soft bedding to SUID cases. First, every year, nearly 3500 infants suffer SUID in the United States, with no decline in SUID rates in over 2 decades.2 The tremendous variability in approaches to investigating and categorizing SUID across counties and states is a significant barrier to obtaining precise estimates of mechanism or cause of infant death. The diagnostic shift that has led to decreasing sudden infant death syndrome rates, increasing rates of accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed and thus stagnant SUID rates, highlights this continued lack of consistent determination of cause of death. … Address correspondence to Sunah Susan Hwang, MD, MPH, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13121 East 17th Ave, Education 2 South, Mailstop 8402, Aurora, CO 80045. E-mail: sunah.hwang{at}childrenscolorado.org
Systematic Study of Immune Cell Diversity in ischemic postconditioning Using High-Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis with Mass Cytometry

Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) is a concept of ischemic stroke treatment, in which several cycles of brief reocclusion after reperfusion are repeated. It is essential to have an accurate understanding of the immune response in IPostC. By using high parametric single-cell mass cytometry, immune cell subsets and characterize their unique functions from ischemic brain and peripheral blood were identified after IPostC. This study enabled us to better understand the immune cell phenotypical and functional characteristics in ischemic brain and peripheral blood at the single-cell and protein levels. Since some cell surface markers can serve as functional markers, reflecting the degree of inflammation, the cell surface marker intensity among different groups was analyzed. The results showed that downregulation of 4E-BP1 and p38 of Microglia and MoDM in the ischemic brain was involved in IPostC-induced protection. In the peripheral blood, downregulation of P38 of CD4 T cell and Treg has also participated in IPostC-induced protection.
Shaw’s Elderly Gentleman, O’Casey’s Trilogy Begins: Larkin/O’Brien

This chapter begins by contextualizing and examining Shaw’s third Irish set play, The Tragedy of an Elderly Gentleman, part of Back to Methuselah (1922). It then considers Bernard Shaw’s and Sean O’Casey’s responses to Ireland’s War for Independence and Civil War. Impacting O’Casey were the continuing efforts to control the ITGWU, which intensified with James Larkin’s 1923 return to Ireland. Almost simultaneously, O’Casey’s The Shadow of the Gunman premiered at the Abbey Theatre, beginning O’Casey’s dramatization of the cost of war on Dublin’s impoverished. As Larkin lost ITGWU control to William O’Brien, O’Casey’s second play of his Dublin trilogy, Juno and the Paycock, premiered in 1924. Being two years after W. B. Yeat’s The Trembling of the Veil was published with Yeats’ 1894 dream of being pursued by Shaw as a haunting sewing machine, Juno includes a curious snippet of a scene in Act I: a bearded man enters the Boyle flat and asks if anyone would like to purchase a sewing machine. O’Casey’s sense of humour reveals that he had read Yeats’ dream. The chapter ends as the stage is set for considering Shaw’s masterful Saint Joan.
Facts, Fears, and Functionality of Nominal GDP Level Targeting: A Guide to a Popular Monetary Policy Framework

Nominal GDP level targeting (NGDPLT) has become an increasingly popular monetary policy framework over the past decade. This rising popularity has led to increased interest in, as well as some confusion over, how this framework actually works. This paper responds to this interest by summarizing the basic facts of NGDPLT and by addressing some of the fears surrounding it. The paper also demonstrates how a NGDPLT might work in practice.
Temozolomide (TMZ) and bevacizumab (BV) as initial treatment for unresectable or multifocal glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)

e13025 Background: GBMs are vascular tumors and inherently resistant to therapy. The prognosis for patients is poor with a median survival of 9–15 months. Patients with unresectable or multifocal GBMs have an even poorer prognosis, with a median survival of 6–8 months. Given the angiogenic phenotype of GBM, we conducted a phase II trial of upfront BV and 5-day TMZ in newly diagnosed unresectable or multifocal GBMs. Methods: Patients had histologically documented newly diagnosed GBMs that were unresectable or multifocal. Patients received up to 4 cycles of temozolomide at 200 mg/m2/d days 1–5 and BV at 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 14 in a 28 day cycle. An MRI was performed after every cycle and patients continued on therapy as long as there was no tumor progression, grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity or recurrent grade 4 hematologic toxicity after a dose reduction to 150 mg/m2/d. The primary endpoint was tumor response using the modified MacDonald criteria plus FLAIR and T2 sequences to evaluate non-enhancing tumo...
Design and optimization of sense&#8211;amplifier&#8211;based flip&#8211;flops

An improved design of a sense-amplifier-based flip-flop is presented. The new design overcomes the problems of floating nodes, which is a weakness of previously reported solutions. This is achieved by systematic derivation of flip-flop equations and rearranging the resulting network. The resulting flip-flop outperforms earlier published structures, exhibiting T CQ of 190ps when driving 100fF load in a 0.18µm CMOS technology.
NF‐κB activation in melanoma

Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that is notoriously resistant to current cancer therapies. In human melanoma, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is upregulated, leading to the deregulation of gene transcription. In this review, we discuss (i) the relationship between gene alteration in melanoma and upregulation of NF-kappaB, (ii) mechanisms by which activated NF-kappaB switch from pro-apoptotic to anti-apoptotic functions in melanoma and (iii) autocrine mechanisms that promote constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in metastatic melanoma.
B Cells in T Follicular Helper Cell Development and Function: Separable Roles in Delivery of ICOS Ligand and Antigen

B cells are required for follicular Th (Tfh) cell development, as is the ICOS ligand (ICOS-L); however, the separable contributions of Ag and ICOS-L delivery by cognate B cells to Tfh cell development and function are unknown. We find that Tfh cell and germinal center differentiation are dependent on cognate B cell display of ICOS-L, but only when Ag presentation by the latter is limiting, with the requirement for B cell expression of ICOS-L overcome by robust Ag delivery. These findings demonstrate that Ag-specific B cells provide different, yet compensatory, signals for Tfh cell differentiation, while reconciling conflicting data indicating a requirement for ICOS-L expression on cognate B cells for Tfh cell development with those demonstrating that the latter requirement could be bypassed in lieu of that tendered by noncognate B cells. Our findings clarify the separable roles of delivery of Ag and ICOS-L by cognate B cells for Tfh cell maturation and function, and have implications for using therapeutic ICOS blockade in settings of abundantly available Ag, such as in systemic autoimmunity.
The C-terminal region of CHD3/ZFH interacts with the CIDD region of the Ets transcription factor ERM and represses transcription of the human presenilin 1 gene

Presenilins are required for the function of gamma-secretase: a multiprotein complex implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed expression of the presenilin 1 (PS1) gene. We show that ERM recognizes avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (Ets) motifs on the PS1 promoter located at -10, +90, +129 and +165, and activates PS1 transcription with promoter fragments containing or not the -10 Ets site. Using yeast two-hybrid selection we identified interactions between the chromatin remodeling factor CHD3/ZFH and the C-terminal 415 amino acids of ERM used as bait. Clones contained the C-terminal region of CHD3 starting from amino acid 1676. This C-terminal fragment (amino acids 1676-2000) repressed transcription of the PS1 gene in transfection assays and PS1 protein expression from the endogenous gene in SH-SY5Y cells. In cells transfected with both CHD3 and ERM, activation of PS1 transcription by ERM was eliminated with increasing levels of CHD3. Progressive N-terminal deletions of CHD3 fragment (amino acids 1676-2000) indicated that sequences crucial for repression of PS1 and interactions with ERM in yeast two-hybrid assays are located between amino acids 1862 and 1877. This was correlated by the effect of progressive C-terminal deletions of CHD3, which indicated that sequences required for repression of PS1 lie between amino acids 1955 and 1877. Similarly, deletion to amino acid 1889 eliminated binding in yeast two-hybrid assays. Testing various shorter fragments of ERM as bait indicated that the region essential for binding CHD3/ZFH is within the amino acid region 96-349, which contains the central inhibitory DNA-binding domain (CIDD) of ERM. N-Terminal deletions of ERM showed that residues between amino acids 200 and 343 are required for binding to CHD3 (1676-2000) and C-terminal deletions of ERM indicated that amino acids 279-299 are also required. Furthermore, data from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) indicate that CHD3/ZFH interacts with the PS1 promoter in vivo.
Muon capture rate on hydrogen and the values of g A and g π N N

Motivated by the recent developments in the determination of the experimental values of the nucleon axial-vector coupling constant ${g}_{A}$ and the pion-nucleon coupling constant ${g}_{\ensuremath{\pi}NN}$, we carry out a heavy-baryon chiral perturbation calculation of the hyperfine-singlet $\ensuremath{\mu}p$ capture rate ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}$ to next-to-next-to-leading order (N${}^{2}$LO), with the use of the latest values of ${g}_{A}$ and ${g}_{\ensuremath{\pi}NN}$. The calculated N${}^{2}$LO value is ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}^{\mathrm{theor}}({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}n)=718\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\text{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, where the estimated next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order contribution dominates the error. This value is in excellent agreement with the experimental value reported by the MuCap Collaboration.
Velocity modulation laser spectroscopy of molecular ions

34 v = 1 ← 0 R branch infrared transitions in the X 2Π state of the HF+ molecular ion have been measured by velocity modulation laser absorption spectroscopy. Fluorine hyperfine structure was resolved for low J transitions. From a weighted fit of all available high resolution data, values were determined for the v = 0 and v = 1 fluorine hyperfine constants (except b(1)), λ-doubling parameters, rotational and centrifugal distortion constants and the vibrational band origin. Molecular expectation values derived from the hyperfine constants are compared to similar quantities for OH and NH-. An analysis is presented for the v = 0 proton hyperfine structure observed previously by laser magnetic resonance.
Noninvasive method for measuring flow from oscillometric data

The derivative of a pressure waveform obtained from oscillometry has the characteristics of a flow waveform. The accuracy of the waveform varies with transmural pressure. Using an in vitro model, a flow sine wave was generated and measured via the pressure gradient method to verify the calibration of flow. Also, a Doppler flow transducer was employed allowing comparison with flow waveforms obtained from oscillometry in an in vivo study. The results suggest that flow measurement is calibrated when cuff pressure is such that arterial compliance is near maximum. >