cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Construction of a Science Storyline in a Chemistry Classroom

The purpose of this study is to consider the ways that video analysis could be used to examine the construction of a science storyline in a chemistry classroom. The participating teacher is part of a professional development group, the Invisible College for Inquiry Science Study. This group is dedicated to learning about science teaching through professional reflection, educational research, and dialogue among members. Video data are a primary tool used to achieve all of these goals. In the science unit selected, the teacher developed a storyline leading to the construction of the chemistry concept of a mole. The video analysis used different conversational units of analysis to examine how science concepts are introduced into the classroom community and evolved through dialogue among teachers and students. This analysis considered the pedagogical moves made through discourse, including dialogue around teacher demonstrations, inscriptional practices, and analogical reasoning. The theoretical approach docum...
Functions of key metaphors in early Quaker sermons, 1671–1700

For seventeenth‐century Quakers, metaphor transcended its traditional function as ornament and became the conceptual underpinning of discourse. This essay focuses on how metaphors were used in Quaker sermons. The first part of the essay describes, illustrates, and analyzes five key metaphor clusters found in Quaker sermons: (1) the Light/Dark cluster; (2) the Voice cluster; (3) the Seed cluster; (4) the Hunger/Thirst cluster; (5) the Pilgrimage cluster. The second part of the essay argues that the metaphors functioned in three ways: (1) as means of summarizing a world that made psychological and theological sense to speakers and hearers; (2) as means of elaborating the implications of Quaker beliefs; (3) as inventional tools readily adapted to the impromptu mode of delivery.
Sonographic features indicative of hydrostatic reducibility of intestinal intussusception in infancy and early childhood

The aim of the study was to investigate the various sonographic patterns of intussusception, which may be indicative of its reducibility by hydrostatic reduction. Seventy-one infants and children clinically suspected of having intussusception were studied sonographically and given barium enemas. Sonographic patterns of intussusception were correlated with its reducibility. When the head of intussusception appeared as a target-like mass the hydrostatic reduction rate was 100%. When demonstrated as a doughnut-like mass, the intussusception reducibility depended on the thickness of the hypoechoic external ring of the "doughnut". With a thickness equal to, or less than, 7.2 mm the reduction rate was 100%, with a thickness ranged between 7.5 and 11.2 mm the reduction rate was 68.9% and with a thickness measured 14 to 14.2 mm a surgical resection of bowel was required. When a small amount of fluid appeared within the head of intussusception, like a crescent hypoechoic area, the hydrostatic reduction was unsuccessful, regardless of the sonographic pattern of intussusception (target- or doughnut-like mass). The presence of a small amount of free peritoneal fluid did not affect the reducibility of intussusception. In conclusion, sonographic patterns of intussusception identify good and poor prognostic features for the success of hydrostatic reduction.
Locality-based control algorithms for reconfigurable optical interconnection networks

Hybrid optoelectronic computing structures are required for providing the information processing capabilities for the next generation of computing and communications systems. Reconfigurable optoelectronic interconnection networks are networks constructed of optical waveguides in which messages are switched or routed by means of optoelectronic devices. For these networks, the dichotomy between the bandwidth of the optical channels that carry messages and the performance of the electronic controllers and decoders that determine the routing and destination of those messages is a significant bottleneck. We introduce a class of routing algorithms for reconfigurable networks that is designed to bridge this gap in optical versus electronic performance. The algorithms are based on a new control paradigm that exploits the locality in multiprocessor communication streams to reduce the control latency inherent in reconfigurable interconnection structures. In addition, we show that this problem maps directly to the problem of page replacement in a virtual-memory hierarchy. Thus our solution is well suited to networks for multiprocessor applications.
Graphical input interaction technique (GIIT)

The contents of this document are the result of intensive discussions among the workshop participants. The names listed by each section are the discussion leaders and principal editors. Without the dedicated enthusiam from all the participants, the ideas presented could not have been formulated.
An in vivo assay for anti-LH-RH and anti-FSH-RH activity of inhibitory analogues of LH-RH.

A convenient and sensitive method for testing anti-LH- and FSH-releasing activities of antagonists of LH-RH was devised. The peptides o t be tested were injected subcutaneously together with synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in immature male rats. Serum LH and FSH concentrations were measured 30 min later by radio-immunoassay. In this system, [DesHis2]-LH-RH failed to block the pituitary response to LH-RH in agreement with previous data. The administration of [DesHis2, desGly10]-LH-R H ethylamide, [Des-His2, Leu3, desGly10]-LH-R H ethylamide, [Des-His2, D-Ala6, desGly10]-LH-R H ethylamide, and [DesHis2, D-Ala 6]-LH-RH in doses of 200 μg/rat, and [DesHis2, Leu 3, D-Ala 6, desGly10]-LH-R H ethylamide in doses ranging from 100-400 μg/rat caused a significant inhibition of LH-RH-induced release of LH and FSH. On the other hand, [DesHis2, desGly10]-LH-R H propylamide, and [Leu2, Leu 3, D-Ala 6, desGly10]-LH-R H ethylamide failed to block the response to LH-RH. Among the peptides tested, [DesHis2,D-Ala 6, ...
Somatostatin Inhibits B-Cell Secretion via a Subtype-2 Somatostatin Receptor in the Isolated Perfused Human Pancreas

Recently five somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR) have been cloned, allowing the development of highly specific selective agonists for these SSTR. The present study was undertaken to determine which SSTR is responsible for the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on islet hormone secretion. Single-pass perfusion of four agonists was performed in pancreata obtained from four cadaveric organ donors using a modified Krebs-media with 3.9 mM glucose. Sequential 10-min specific receptor agonist infusions (5 ng/ml) of DC32-87 (SSTR2), DC25-12 (SSTR3), DC32-97 (SSTR3), or DC32-92 (SSTR5) were performed in random order separated by 10-min basal periods. Infusion of SSTR2 agonist into the isolated perfused human pancreas resulted in a significant inhibition of insulin and C-peptide secretion (insulin = -1468 +/- 480 pM, P < 0.05, and C-peptide = -2328 +/- 437 pM, P < 0.05) but not islet amyloid polypeptide or somatostatin. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on B-cell secretion is mediated through the subtype-2 receptor within the human islet.
A dilution immunoassay to measure myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation.

We examined the quantitation of myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation (MRLCP) by Western blot and found both offset and saturation errors. The desirable characteristics of an MRLCP assay are that the dynamic range be 60- to 100-fold and that the detection threshold be known and preferably very small relative to total MRLC concentration. No technique examined provided all these characteristics. However, accurate measurements can be obtained by including serial dilutions of the sample to provide a fractional calibration scale in terms of the dephosphorylated light chain and by using interpolation of the phosphorylated band signal intensity to provide values for the relative phosphorylation ratio. We found that this method offers several advantages over methods that rely on signal ratios from single samples: The dilution ratio method is less subject to errors from differences in protein load, it offers estimates of the error in the individual measurement, and has some redundancy that increases the likelihood of obtaining a valid measurement despite gel or membrane artifacts.
Ability Grouping in Physical Education

(1982). Ability Grouping in Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 53, No. 9, pp. 10-14.
Tensile dynamic and static fatigue relations for a HIPed silicon nitride at elevated temperatures

Abstract Dynamic and static fatigue behavior of a hotisostatically pressed (HIPed) silicon nitride was investigated at 1150, 1260 and 1370°C. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted over ranges of constant stresses and constant stress rates. Correlation of stress-life relations between static and dynamic fatigue results was evaluated and failure modes were determined as functions of temperature, stress and stress rate. At 1150°C the static and dynamic fatigue failures were controlled by a slow crack growth mechanism for all stresses and stress rates. Creep rupture was the dominant failure mechanism in static loading at 1260 and 1370°C. A transition in the dominant failure mechanism in dynamic fatigue at 1260 and 1370°C occurred at a stress rate of 10 −2 M Pa/s. Slow crack growth was the dominant failure mechanism with stress rates > 10 −2 M Pa/s while creep rupture was the governing mechanism for the failure at stress rates ≤10 −2 M Pa/s.
Female Meiosis: Coming Unglued with Age

Chromosome abnormalities in humans are strikingly associated with increasing maternal age. Studies in mice implicate loss of chromosome cohesion as an important cause of age-related meiotic errors in the oocyte.
Clinical and pathologic study of two siblings with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Abstract ARVC is a cardiomyopathy in which the right ventricular myocardium is replaced by fibroadipose tissue. Males are affected slightly more often than females and, in those cases which are familial, the pattern of inheritance is usually autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. We examined the hearts of two sisters, ages 17 and 14, with no family history of heart disease. The older sibling, who was previously considered healthy, died suddenly, while the younger sibling developed congestive heart failure and received a cardiac transplant. An autopsy of the older sibling and examination of the younger sibling's excised heart revealed severe examples of ARVC with minor differences. A thick cap of fibroadipose tissue covered most, if not all, of each right ventricle and was transmural in some areas. Microscopically, left ventricles contained extensive myocyte disarray and multifocal fibrosis. The coronary arteries displayed intimal hyperplasia with disruption of the internal elastic lamina, similar to fibromuscular dysplasia. These two cases comprise a unique familial grouping in a polymorphic disease. Despite the male predominance and autosomal dominant inheritance in ARVC, the only members affected in this family were female, and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, even with incomplete penetrance, would be unusual. In addition, we identified changes in the coronary arteries similar to fibromuscular dysplasia and corroborated recently reported changes in the left ventricle of patients with ARVC, providing evidence that this disease, in its most severe form, involves the entire heart.
Two-step optimal filter design for the low-cost attitude and heading reference systems

This study presents a novel sensing methodology with two optimal condition-based fusion algorithms for attitude estimation, using low-cost micro-machined gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers. The proposed methodology named two-step optimal filter is composed of an optimal filter and fast determination algorithm. The filter is designed as sensor-based Kalman filter, which is augmented by a fuzzy rule to adjust the parameters on line to yield optimal measurements of accelerometers and magnetometers. Then, the fast second estimator of the optimal quaternion algorithm is described to determine the orientations. Meanwhile, adaptation architecture is implemented to yield robust performance, even when the vehicle is subject to strong accelerations or ferromagnetic disturbed. The new construction of attitude estimation algorithm is easy to be implemented, the precise, robustness and efficient are compared with the common methodology. Experimental results are provided for a remotely operational vehicle test and the performance of the proposed filter is evaluated against the output from a conventional filter.
NADPH-induced microsomal chemiluminescence without accompanying lipid peroxidation as measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay

Abstract Pyrophosphate added to rat liver microsomes blocks both NADPH-induced chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation, whether NADPH is added in bulk or generated with an NADPH-regeneration system. Addition of KCN to these systems released the pyrophosphate suppression of NADPH-induced chemiluminescence without restoring lipid peroxidation. A hexose or hexose derivative is required for the display of KCN-released chemiluminescence with galactose 6-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate being most effective. The integral KCN-released chemiluminescence for pyrophosphate inhibited systems is proportional to microsomal protein, NADPH, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase concentrations. Pyrophosphate also blocks ascorbic acid induced chemiluminescence. Additionally ascorbic acid inhibits the KCN release of NADPH-induced chemiluminescence. This work establishes a point a divergence in the microsomal redox chain between NADPH-induced chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation as measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay.
Predicting the Use of Individualized Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the decision to obtain individualized risk assessment (IRA) after a breast cancer education session. Methods A sample of both African American and Caucasian women was used to determine if there were differences by race/ethnicity in uptake of the assessment and differences in the variables that were most predictive of uptake. The sample included 166 women between the ages of 18 and 80. Sixty-two percent of the sample were African American women. Key Findings The results suggested that African American women and Caucasian women used different factors and used other factors differently to decide whether or not to obtain an IRA. Conclusions and Implications These results are discussed within the context of health disparities among ethnic minority and Caucasian women with implications for breast cancer control programs. The results of this study suggest that knowledge alone does not lead to opting for a personalized risk assessment, and that African American and Caucasian women use different pieces of information, or information differently to make decision about getting more personalized information about risk.
External Anal Sphincter Hyperreflexia Following Spinal Transection in the Rat

In the present study, long-term and short-term rat preparations were used to develop a model for investigating external anal sphincter (EAS) reflexes in intact and spinal cord-injured (SCI) rats. In this model, EAS distension with an external probe elicits reflex contractions of the EAS in intact, unanesthetized animals. At 2 h after spinal cord transection, none of the lesioned animals displayed EAS EMG activity. In fact, once distended, the EAS was incapable of maintaining closure of the anal orifice. Over a period of 4 days, spinalized animals developed a hyperreflexia of the EAS response. By 48 h, the rectified, integrated EAS EMG was significantly elevated in comparison with nonlesioned controls (EAS hyperreflexia). In addition, the duration of the EAS EMG bursts in response to sphincter distension had significantly increased. At 6 weeks after injury, the EAS was significantly hyperreflexic as measured by EMG burst duration and burst area. As with intact animals, posttransection EAS reflexes were highly anesthesia sensitive. These studies indicate that (1) brief distension of the anal orifice is sufficient to evoke a physiologically relevant reflexive activation of the EAS in the rat, (2) the 2- to 24-h postinjury areflexia observed in these experiments may be a suitable model for the study of spinal shock, and (3) the observed EAS hyperreflexia after chronic SCI may represent the permanent effects of removing descending inhibitory circuits and segmental plasticity, making this reflex an appropriate measure of defecatory dysfunction after spinal cord injury.
Examining Queer Elements and Ideologies in LGBT-Themed Literature What Queer Literature Can Offer Young Adult Readers

This paper retrospectively examines a collection of lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans* (LGBT)-themed books discussed by lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, queer, and questioning (LGBTQQ) and ally stude...
Hypopi (Acari:Hypoderatidae) from owls (Aves:Strigiformes:Strigidae).

Hypopi (deutonymphs) of the family Hypoderatidae were found in a barn owl, Tyto alba (Scopoli), and a burrowing owl, Speotyto cunicularia (Molina), from Texas. A redescription is provided for mature specimens of the hypopus of Tytodectes (Tytodectes) tyto Fain from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of the pelvic region in the bam owl. The hypopus of Tytodectes (Tytodectes) speotyto n. sp. is described from specimens in the subcutaneous adipose tissues of the pelvic region and in the adipose tissues of the intermuscular fasciae of the ankle in the burrowing owl. T. (T.) speotyto appears most similar in size and chaetotaxy to T. (T.) glaucidii Cerny described from the Cuban pygmy owl, Glaucidium siju (d'Orbigny), in Cuba, but differs in the presence of a spine on tibia IV, which also occurs in T. (T.) tyto . Both of the former species have the anterior apodemes of coxae I fused in a simple V and lack a sternum. They differ from T. (T.) tyto which has the anterior apodemes of coxae I fused in a Y and there is a well developed sternum. Based on the above 3 described hypopi, the hypoderatids of owls represent an assemblage of small closely related, but easily differentiated, species. The occurrence of a few specimens of Neottialges evansi Fain in the barn owl and Hypodectes (Hypodectoides) propus (Nitzsch) in the burrowing owl probably represent examples of host capture by hypopi that normally occur in cormorants and pigeons, herons or egrets, respectively.
Effect of esophageal mucosal denervation on the motility of the canine esophagus.

Abstract Denervation of the mucosa of the distal portion of the esophagus and the gastroesophageal sphincter was performed in 10 dogs using a technique of mucosal neurolysis. Six other dogs underwent “control” operations. The animals were studied before and 2 weeks, 1, 2, and 3 months after operation by manometry and cinefluoroscopy. Esophagoscopy and postmortem examinations were also performed. A temporary motor disturbance (1 to 3 months), characterized by regurgitation of solids, weight loss, and replacement of peristalsis with simultaneous-premature contractions of the distal esophagus in response to swallowing (with “rebound” of a portion of the swallowed bolus), was found in all dogs with mucosal neurolysis and in none of the controls. However, no abnormalities were noted in any dogs in the motility of the gastroesophageal sphincter. It appears that mucosal sensation is needed for peristalsis in the body of the esophagus, but does not contribute to the normal motility of the inferior esophageal sphincter.
ATP requirements for the electrogenic pump in perfused Nitella cells

Abstract The use of the intracellular perfusion technique to determine the dependence on ATP of the electrogenic pump in characean cells was investigated using Nitella translucens. Immediately after the cells had regained turgor following perfusion, the ATP concentration was only 0.5 of that in the original perfusion medium and declined further with time. In these cells, the membrane potential did not reach a maximum value below an actual ATP concentration of 0.25 mM. The utility of this type of experiment for determining the K m for ATP is criticized. The membrane resistance did not vary significantly with internal ATP concentration.
Phototaxis in a dinoflagellate: Action spectra as evidence for a two-pigment system.

Action spectra were determined in the UV region of the spectrum for the first phase of the phototactic response (stop response) and for the phytochrome pigment associated with this response in the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dorsum Kofoid. Differences between these action spectra indicate the participation of two pigments in phototaxis. Following R (620 nm) irradiation of the phytochrome, the stop response maxima occur at 470 and 280-nm; after FR irradiation they shift to 490 and 300–310 nm. These maxima suggest that the photoreceptor pigment for phototaxis is a carotenoprotein. The action spectrum shift following the different phytochrome conversions may represent a trans to cis isomer change by the carotenoid. The absorption maximum of PR in the UV appears to be at 320 nm, which is consistent with the shift of the R absorption maximum to shorter wavelengths (620 nm) as compared to higher plants. The PFR absorption maximum appears as a broad band between 360 and 390 nm. Comparison of PR to PFR conversions by different intensities of 620-nm and 320-nm light indicates that at lower intensities the logarithm of the threshold for the stop response is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the intensity of the sensitizing light. The ratio of response activation by R and UV light is about 4:1.
OS CLOWNS DE MACHADO DE ASSIS, LIMA BARRETO E MONTEIRO LOBATO

The struggles for Abolition and the Republic brought hopes of substantive change in the end of the 19th century in Brazil. That change never materialized: the Republic congealed into an oligarchic political system and an aggressive and cosmetic modernization. Machado de Assis' "The Nurse" (1896), Monteiro Lobato's "The Funny Man Who Repented" (1918), and Lima Barreto's "The Man Who Knew Javanese" (1920) all published under the impact of the disappointment of those who wished for true social and political democracy, bear remarkable similarities in their portrayal of the problem of social mobility and race relations.
Preparation and Properties of (R)-(−)-1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]Oct-3-yl-(R)-(+)-α-Hydroxy-α-(4-[125l]Iodophenyl)-α-Phenyl Acetate and (R)-(−)-1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]Oct-3-Yl-(S)-(−)-α-hydroxy-α-(4-[125l]iodophenyl)-α-phenyl acetate as potential radiopharmaceuticals

rac-4-Nitrobenzilic acid was synthesized and resolved with quinidine and quinine to give the corresponding (R)- and (S)-salts. The resolved diastereomeric salts were converted to (R)- and (S)-4-nitrobenzilic acids and subsequent esterification gave their corresponding ethyl esters. Transesterification with (R)-(−)-3-quinuclidinol afforded (R)-(−)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-(R)-(+)-α-hydroxy-α-(4-nitrophenyl)-α phenyl acetate and (R)-(−)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-(S)-(−)-α-hydroxy-α-(4-nitrophenyl)-α-phenyl acetate. After hydrogenation, the (R,R)- and (R,S)-amines were converted to the respective triazene derivatives. The triazene derivatives reacted with sodium [125l]iodide to give (R)-(−)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-(R)-(+)-α-hydroxy-α-(4-[125l]iodophenyl)-α-phenyl acetate and (R)-(−)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-(S)-(−)-α-hydroxy-α-(4-[125l]iodophenyl)-α-phenyl acetate. The evaluation of their affinities to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MAcChR) shows that (R)-(−)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-(S)-(−)-α-hydroxy-α-(4-[125 I]iodophenyl)-α-phenyl acetate exhibits an affinity for the MAcChR from corpus striatum that is approximately threefold lower than that of (R)-(−)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl-(R)-(+)-α-hydroxy-α-(4-[125l]iodophenyl)-α-phenyl acetate.
Formation flying of multiple spacecraft with autonomous rendezvous and docking capability

The idea of incorporating autonomous rendezvous and docking (ARVD) capability into spacecraft flying in formation is explored. The situations where it is advantageous to incorporate ARVD capability into spacecraft formations are identified. Attention is focused on various potential problems pertaining to the control of multiple spacecraft with ARVD capability. Multiple-model-based control laws for formation acquisition and ARVD are developed using generic spacecraft models. In particular, the use of such control laws for simultaneous docking of multiple spacecraft in formation acquisition and reconfiguration is studied. Various optimal formation reconfiguration problems are briefly discussed. The effectiveness of the developed control laws is studied via computer simulation using a six-spacecraft formation model.
The Role of Satisfaction with Leisure Travel/ Tourism Services and Experience in Satisfaction with Leisure Life and Overall Life

Abstract We attempt to develop a measure of satisfaction with leisure travel/tourism services that is related to life satisfaction. The hypothesized model of the study is based on the hierarchy of life satisfaction model. The model postulates that overall life satisfaction can be determined by satisfaction with major life domains (e.g., leisure life). The affect within the leisure life domain spills over vertically to the most superordinate domain (life in general), thus contributing to life satisfaction or dissatisfaction. A survey of 373 consumers of travel/tourism services employed in a major state university was conducted. A LISREL analysis was performed to test the goodness of fit of the model. The LISREL analysis suggested modification of the original model. The findings of the study reveal that travel/tourism trip experiences have a direct impact on the overall life satisfaction of leisure travelers.
Treatment of depression in patients with congestive heart failure

Heart failure is common, and depression is common in heart failure patients, adding substantially to the burden of the disease. There is some evidence for the safe and at least modestly effective use of psychotherapy and antidepressants to treat depression in heart failure patients. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are first line treatments. The efficacy of depression treatment in altering cardiac outcomes in heart failure patients has yet to be established.
Descriptive Features of Student Psychological Maltreatment by Teachers

Using a retrospective approach, this study explored psychological maltreatment by teachers of students from kindergarten through the 12th grade. Participants were 453 undergraduates who completed a survey about their negative experiences with teachers. Overall, 44 % of those surveyed reported at least one experience that they labeled as emotional abuse, and 52 % reported that a teacher had bullied them. The most commonly reported negative teacher behaviors included being shouted at and being given a lower grade than deserved. Although adaptive responses were reported, serious negative responses were reported, too. Many perceived these experiences as having an adverse effect on their life. Despite the frequency of negative teacher behaviors that were reported, relatively few participants (<20 %) acknowledged receiving education on teacher bullying.
Towards collision alarming based on visual motion

This work models various collision situations that may happen to a driving vehicle on road in probability, and map such events to the visual field of the camera. The identification of dangerous events thus can be carried out based on the location-specific motion information modeled in the likelihood probability distributions. Depending on the motion flows detected in the camera, our algorithm will identify the potential dangers and compute the time to collision for alarming. With the location dependent motion based on the knowledge of road environment and behaviors of other vehicles, this approach will detect the motion of potential dangers directly for accident avoidance. The mechanism to link visual motion to the dangerous events avoids the complex shape recognition of vehicles so that the system can response without delay.
Geomorphic and geologic settings of the Phoenix Lander mission landing site

[1] The Phoenix Lander touched down on the northern distal flank of the shield volcano Alba Patera in a ∼150 km wide valley underlain by the Scandia region unit. The geomorphology and geology of the landing site is dominated by the ∼0.6 Ga, 11.5 km wide, bowl-shaped impact crater, Heimdal, and its areally extensive ejecta deposits. The Lander is located ∼20 km to the west of the crater and is sitting on a plains surface underlain by partially eroded Heimdal ejecta deposits. Heimdal was produced by a hypervelocity impact into fine-grained, ice-rich material and is inferred to have produced high velocity winds and a ground-hugging ejecta emplacement mode that destroyed or buried preexisting surfaces and rock fields out to ∼10 crater radii. Patterned ground is ubiquitous, with complex polygon patterns and rock rubble piles located on older plains (∼3.3 Ga) to the west of the ejecta deposits. Crater size frequency distributions are complex and represent equilibria between crater production and destruction processes (e.g., aeolian infill, cryoturbation, relaxation of icy substrate). Rock abundances increase near craters for the older plains and rocks with their dark shadows explain the reason for the few percent lower albedo for these plains as opposed to the Heimdal ejecta deposits. Many rocks at the landing site have been reworked by cryoturbation and moved to polygon troughs. The evidence for cryoturbation and the lack of aeolian features imply that the soils sampled by Phoenix are locally derived and mixed with a subordinate amount of windblown dust.
Cationic polymerization of 9‐vinylanthracene

9-Vinylanthracene has been polymerized in a wide variety of cationic systems. Under these conditions of polymerization, the vinyl group and the center ring of the anthracene nucleus act as a 1,3,5-triene system. Evidence for the structure of the product was obtained from infrared, ultraviolet, and particularly nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, poly-9-vinylanthracene was converted to poly-9,10-dimethyleneanthracene.
Mathematical Description of the Rotating Error Motion

According to the definitions of the CIRP Unification Document, The locus equations of the rotating center and the average rotating center are deduced, and then, the parameter equations of the rotating axis and the average rotating axis are obtained. All of above verify the definition of the rotating axis of the CIRP Unification Document in theory, and it is also proved clearly that the rotating axis and the average rotating axis are sole.
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide is unstable under most storage conditions.

BACKGROUNDAtrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormonal regulator of cardiovascular fluid volume. More than 1,000 scientific articles were written about ANP between 1987 and 1991. Because some articles hinted at problems with storing ANP, this study examined the effect of numerous techniques for storing and processing human ANP samples.METHODS AND RESULTSSamples were obtained repeatedly from three patients, treated, and stored under a variety of conditions. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of different preservatives at 35, 21, 14, 10, and 7 days before assay. Experiment 2 evaluated nonspecific binding of ANP to different storage tubes during 28 days of storage. Experiment 3 evaluated the effect of storage at -20 degrees C, -80 degrees C, and -196 degrees C for 1 month. ANP was very unstable, degrading as much as 30% after 3 days of storage and by more than 50% in 1 month even when stored at -80 degrees C. Only storage at -196 degrees C (in liquid nitrogen) kept ANP stable for 1 month. Extraction and ly...
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Targeting Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein Mediates Viral Clearance and Reduces the Pathogenesis of RSV Infection in BALB/c Mice

Because the G protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has a CX3C chemokine motif that has been associated with the ability of RSV G protein to modulate the virus-induced host immune response, we examined whether therapeutic treatment with an anti-RSV G monoclonal antibody (mAb), 131-2G, that blocks the CX3C-associated activity of RSV G protein might decrease the pulmonary inflammation associated with infection in BALB/c mice. The results show that treatment with mAb 131-2G on day 3 after RSV infection reduces both inflammation and RSV titer in the lungs. Later administration of anti-RSV G mAb (day 5 after RSV infection) effectively reduced the viral titer but had a minimal effect on pulmonary inflammation. This study suggests that an anti-RSV G mAb might be an effective antiviral, either alone or in combination with anti-RSV F protein neutralizing antibodies, for decreasing the virus-induced host response to infection and improve treatment outcome.
Review article: Second language acquisition of Bantu languages: A (mostly) untapped research opportunity:

This review article presents a summary of research on the second language acquisition of Bantu languages, including Swahili, Zulu, Xhosa and Lingala. Although second language (L2) research on these...
Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC): a resource for therapeutic biomarker discovery in cancer cells

Alterations in cancer genomes strongly influence clinical responses to treatment and in many instances are potent biomarkers for response to drugs. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database (www.cancerRxgene.org) is the largest public resource for information on drug sensitivity in cancer cells and molecular markers of drug response. Data are freely available without restriction. GDSC currently contains drug sensitivity data for almost 75 000 experiments, describing response to 138 anticancer drugs across almost 700 cancer cell lines. To identify molecular markers of drug response, cell line drug sensitivity data are integrated with large genomic datasets obtained from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database, including information on somatic mutations in cancer genes, gene amplification and deletion, tissue type and transcriptional data. Analysis of GDSC data is through a web portal focused on identifying molecular biomarkers of drug sensitivity based on queries of specific anticancer drugs or cancer genes. Graphical representations of the data are used throughout with links to related resources and all datasets are fully downloadable. GDSC provides a unique resource incorporating large drug sensitivity and genomic datasets to facilitate the discovery of new therapeutic biomarkers for cancer therapies.
A simulation-based algorithm for supply chain optimization

In a supply chain, there are wide variety of problems, such as transportation scheduling problems and warehouse location problems. These problems are independently defined as optimization problems, and algorithms have been proposed for each problem. It is difficult, however, to design an algorithm for optimizing a supply chain simultaneously because the problem is much more complex than the individual problems. We present a simulation-based optimization algorithm that optimizes a supply chain, exploiting both simulation and optimization techniques. This system leverages two existing algorithms, and will optimize a supply chain by executing simulations while changing the boundary conditions between the two algorithms. Experimental results show that a better solution to a supply chain can be found through a series of optimization simulations. A logistics consultant was satisfied with the solution. This system will be used in actual logistics consulting services.
Designing Concurrent, Distributed, and Real-Time Applications with UML

Object-oriented concepts are crucial in software design because they address fundamental issues of adaptation and evolution. With the proliferation of object-oriented notations and methods, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has emerged to provide a standardized notation for describing object-oriented models. However, for the UML notation to be effectively applied, it needs to be used with an object-oriented analysis and design method. This tutorial describes the COMET method for designing real-time and distributed applications, which integrates object-oriented and concurrency concepts and uses the UML notation.
Advances in improving the quality and flexibility of compound management.

ht S) in the 1980s. e xperts and opinion leaders today are agreeing that the current trend in the field is a focus on increasing overall quality (target, screening, and compounds), use of multiple screening approaches for lead discovery, and more flexibility in the process. t he associated need for increased flexibility and quality control to support existing ht S paradigms as well as lower throughput approaches such as fragment screening, computational chemistry, focused library building, and centralized lead optimization support has required an evolution in compound management ( cm , aka sample management or library manage- ment). a lthough there is much less published peer-reviewed data in cm , due to its historical links to ht S, it has followed very similar trends. i n recent years, the focus in cm has been increasingly in compound quality and increased flexibility of the process, as opposed to number of compounds dispensed and speed of dispensing, which were standard metrics and indi- cators used not so long ago. i deally, to screen the highest quality sample for every assay, one would start with a correct identity and pure solid, make a correct concentration solution in water or water-soluble/assay-compatible solvent that would allow 100% solubilization, and screen it immediately in a biological assay. n either cm nor screening has advanced suffi- ciently to deliver this ideal scenario, but many significant advancements have been made in recent years both in terms of quality of compounds in stores and flexibility of the process, which will be reviewed herein. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening XXXX:xx-xx)
Generation of XUV supercontinuum and single attosecond pulses

XUV supercontinuum covering 30-100 eV was generated by polarization gating of the high-order harmonic process using 8 fs laser pulses. Analysis of the spectrum indicates that it corresponds to a single attosecond pulse.
Selection and Navigation of Mobile Sensor Nodes Using a Sensor Network

Hybrid sensor networks comprise of mobile and static sensor nodes setup for the purpose of collaboratively performing tasks like sensing a phenomenon or monitoring a region. In this paper, we present a novel approach for navigating a mobile sensor node (MSN) through such a hybrid sensor network. The static sensor nodes in the sensor network guide the MSN to the phenomenon. One or more MSN's are selected based on their proximity to the detected phenomenon. Navigation is accomplished using the concepts of credit based field setup and navigation force from static sensor nodes. Our approach does not require any prior maps of the environment thus, cutting down the cost of the overall system. The simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach. In each of the simulation runs, the static sensor nodes were able to successfully guide the MSN towards the phenomenon
O-Fucosylation is required for ADAMTS13 secretion

ADAMTS13 is a plasma metalloproteinase that cleaves von Willebrand factor to smaller, less thrombogenic forms. Deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity in plasma leads to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. ADAMTS13 contains eight thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSR), seven of which contain a consensus sequence for the direct addition of fucose to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine. Mass spectral analysis of tryptic peptides derived from human ADAMTS13 indicate that at least six of the TSRs are modified with an O-fucose disaccharide. Analysis of [3H]fucose metabolically incorporated into ADAMTS13 demonstrated that the disaccharide has the structure glucose-β1,3-fucose. Mutation of the modified serine to alanine in TSR2, TSR5, TSR7, and TSR8 reduced the secretion of ADAMTS13. Mutation of more than one site dramatically reduced secretion regardless of the sites mutated. When the expression of protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2), the enzyme that transfers fucose to serines in TSRs, was reduced using siRNA, the secretion of ADAMTS13 decreased. A similar outcome was observed when ADAMTS13 was expressed in a cell line unable to synthesize the donor for fucose addition, GDP-fucose. Although overexpression of POFUT2 did not affect the secretion of wild-type ADAMTS13, it did increase the secretion of the ADAMTS13 TSR1,2 double mutant but not that of ADAMTS13 TSR1–8 mutant. Together these findings indicate that O-fucosylation is functionally significant for secretion of ADAMTS13.
Sails in Aboriginal Mesoamerica: Reevaluating Thompson's Argument

Crosby, Alfred W. 1986 Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dumond, Don E. 1986 Demographic Effects of European Expansion: A Nineteenth-Century Native Population on the Alaska Peninsula. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers, 35. Eugene: Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon. Fortuine, Robert 1986 Early Evidence of Infections among Alaska Natives. Alaska History 2(1):3956.
Intensity-dependent photoluminescence studies of the electric field in N-face and In-face InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells

We probe the electric field in In-face and N-face InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) using low temperature intensity-dependent photoluminescence (PL) under continuous-wave laser excitation at 900 nm. The In-face structure consists of 30 periods of 2.5 nm thick InN wells and 24 nm thick In0.92Ga0.08N barriers. The N-face sample consists of 25 periods of 1.5 nm InN wells and 15 nm thick In0.88Ga0.12N barriers. At low excitation power, the PL peak energy from both In-face and N-face MQWs is redshifted relative to that from bulk InN. As excitation power increases, we observe a 50 and 44 meV blueshift of the PL peak energy from the In-face and N-face MQWs, respectively. The blueshift is a result of the optically induced screening of the built-in electric field. From the measured blueshift, we calculate a minimum change of the electric field to be ∼0.4 MV/cm and ∼0.6 MV/cm in the In-face and N-face well regions, respectively. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A static power estimation methodolodgy for IP-based design

This paper proposes a novel system-level power estimation methodology for electronic designs consisting of intellectual property (IP) components. Our methodology relies on analytical output and power macromodels of the IP blocks to estimate system dissipation without performing any simulation. We derive upper bounds on the estimation error of our methodology and demonstrate the relation of this error to the sensitivities of the macromodeling functions. For circuits without feedback, we give a sufficient condition for the worst-case power estimation error to increase only linearly with the length of the IP cascades. We also give a tighter sufficient condition that ensures error boundedness in IP systems of any topology. Experiments with signal processing and data encryption systems validate the accuracy and efficiency of our approach. For designs of up to 576 IP blocks, power estimates are obtained within 0.2 seconds. In comparison with switch-level simulation results, the average error of our power estimates is 7.3%.
Adaptive enhancement layer motion compensation for video spatial scalability

This paper presents an adaptive motion compensation technique for encoding the enhancement layers in spatially scalable video coding. Based on the base layer reconstructed quantized prediction error, quantization parameters and motion vectors of both the base and enhancement layers, the proposed approach automatically selects either the inter-layer subband motion compensation, or encoding the enhancement layer without using any information from the base layer, which we call independent encoding. Compared to the SVC spatial scalability, the proposed adaptive method achieves an improvement up to about 0.6 dB with about 33% encoder computational complexity reduction.
Assessment of Impact of Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Rapid Identification of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in the Absence of Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention

Peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) was instituted at Boston Medical Center for the rapid identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Without active notification or antimicrobial stewardship intervention, a pre- and postimpact analysis showed no benefit of this assay with respect to the length of hospital stay or vancomycin use.
Death in pediatric Cushing syndrome is uncommon but still occurs

Cushing syndrome (CS) in children is rare. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of CS may be associated with increased morbidity and, unfortunately, mortality. We performed a retrospective review of all patients with CS under the age of 18 years referred to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1998 to 2013 in order to describe deceased patients among cases of pediatric CS referred to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The deaths of four children (three females and one male), aged 7.5–15.5 years (mean age 11.2 years) with length of disease 2–4 years, were recorded among 160 (2.5 %) children seen at or referred to the NIH over the last 15 years. All died at different institutions, prior to coming to the NIH (two) or after leaving NIH (two). Presenting symptoms included increasing weight and decreasing height gain, facial plethora, dorsocervical fat pad (webbed neck), striae, headache, vision disturbances, and depression and other mood or behavior changes; there were no differences between how these patients presented and the others in our cohort. The causes of CS in the deceased patients were also not different, in fact, they spanned the entire spectrum of CS: pituitary disease (one), ectopic corticotropin production (one), and primary adrenal hyperplasia (one). In one patient, the cause of CS could not be verified. Three died of sepsis and one due to residual disease and complications of the primary tumor.
Lessons From an Existentialist: What Rollo May Taught Me About Power in the Classroom

As a teacher, the author related Rollo May’s ideas about power to her classroom experience. This article examines the five types of power as presented by May (exploitative, manipulative, competitive, nutrient, and integrative power) in relation to consciousness, freedom, destiny, and personal responsibility. May asserted that the potentialities of each type of power reside in all of us, all the time. Through conscious examination, we can discover the degree to which we use them in various exchanges. This personal exploration connected power to spontaneity, creativity, and ultimately transformation of the self. In the end, a simple inquiry into power in the classroom may crescendo to the broader and deeper scale of community, society, and the world.