cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory infections in the developing world: respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are the most frequently isolated pathogens in infants and children with acute lower respiratory infection (LRI) in the developed world. Less information is available about their importance in LRI in the developing world, but they are probably important there also. The pathogenesis of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia involves inoculation and early replication in the upper respiratory tract, followed by aspiration into the lower respiratory tract when both the mucosal and systemic immune systems are involved in a specific response
Simulation of a Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle Using Bond Graphs

Simulation d'un vehicule hybride a transmission hydraulique utilisant les graphes de fluence
Excess disability and malignant social psychology: A case study of Alzheimer's disease

An in-depth case study was undertaken to assess the effects of what Kitwood has termed ‘malignant social psychology’ on the observed behaviour of an Alzheimer's disease sufferer. Interviews were conducted with the spouse and observations were made in an adult day-care centre, where staff members were also interviewed. Abilities that the spouse reported to be absent at home were readily observed at the day-care centre, lending support to Brody's idea of excess disability, i.e. disability not due to disease alone. Furthermore, forms of malignant social psychology existed in the home environment but did not exist in the day-care centre. Excess disability and its absence coincided with the presence and absence of aspects of malignant social psychology. The sufferer's behaviour was found to be affected not only by the extant neuropathology, but also by social relationships.
Path problems in networks with vector-valued edge weights

We consider path problems in networks where each edge is associated with a vector of weights. One application where such path problems arise is in transporting hazardous materials. In that context, the network is embedded in a cluster of communities (or zones), and it is important to consider the impact of an accident along an edge on the surrounding zones. This impact is modeled as a cost vector for each edge, where each component represents the impact of an accident on a zone. Under this model, we formulate two kinds of path problems, namely, routing and feasibility problems. These formulations utilize various definitions of equity with respect to cost impact on the zones. We present complexity results and pseudopolynomial algorithms for general versions as well as efficient algorithms for special cases. We also carry out a comparative analysis of different routing problems. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Networks 34: 19–35, 1999
Theory of electromagnetic beams

A relatively simple method for calculating the properties of a paraxial beam of electromagnetic radiation propagating in vacuum is presented. The central idea of the paper is that the vector potential field is assumed to be plane-polarized. The nonvanishing component of the vector potential obeys a scalar wave equation. A formal solution employing an expansion in powers of $\frac{{w}_{0}}{l}$ is obtained, where ${w}_{0}$ is the beam waist and $l$ the diffraction length. This gives the same result for the lowest-order components of the transverse and longitudinal electric field of a Gaussian beam that was derived by Lax, Louisell, and McKnight using a more complicated approach. We derive explicit expressions for the second-order transverse electric field and the third-order longitudinal field corrections.
Patient With Gorlin Syndrome and Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma Refractory to Smoothened Inhibitors

Importance Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in patients with Gorlin syndrome have been reported to be extremely sensitive to Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors, a novel targeted therapy against the Hedgehog pathway, because of characteristic mutations in these patients. A few cases of disease refractory to oral therapy with SMO inhibitors have been reported in patients with Gorlin syndrome and nonmetastatic BCCs, but refractory disease in distantly metastatic tumors has not been documented in this high-risk group. Observations A man with Gorlin syndrome and innumerable cutaneous BCCs presented with biopsy-proven BCC in his lungs. After SMO inhibitor therapy, almost all of his cutaneous tumors shrank, but his lung metastases did not. These lung metastases remained refractory to treatment despite institution of a second SMO inhibitor. Conclusions and Relevance We report a case of Gorlin syndrome in a patient with metastatic BCC refractory to SMO inhibitors. Furthermore, clinical responses in this patient’s cutaneous tumors did not parallel the responses in the distant site. However, serial imaging after diagnosis of metastatic disease can be critical to monitor for response to therapy.
The Impact of Roadway Intersection Design on Driving Performance of Young and Senior Adults Preliminary Results

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) proposed highway design guidelines to increase safe driving ability of older drivers, but little empirical evidence exists to support these guidelines. Using kinematics measures from an instrumented vehicle and on-road evaluations, the authors examined the safety effects of improved versus unimproved intersections in older (65–85) and younger (25–45) drivers. Kinematics measures showed that 4 maneuvers had significantly poorer lateral stability for the unimproved conditions, and significantly greater speed for the improved conditions. Behavioral measures showed that drivers had significantly fewer errors for 2 improved left-turn maneuvers, and fewer total errors overall, with older drivers having a higher mean number of errors. These findings suggested that the FHWA guidelines for safe road conditions result in safer driving by older and younger adults. Key words: experimental design, improved intersections, instrumented vehicle, older drivers, on-the-road evaluation, repeated measures, roadway infrastructure
Changing Relationships, Changing Values in the American Classroom

Although administrators describe the use of adjunct faculty as allowing their institutions to teach more for less, it has instead become a way to earn more in tuition revenue while providing less in education.
Vergüenza and Changing Chicano and Chicana Narratives

Within anthropology, the role of verguenza (shame) in maintaining “traditional” gender and family relations is well known. However, researchers have rarely focused on the ways that men and women have transformed and challenged the values associated with verguenza. This article examines how Chicano and Chicana writers have reinterpreted verguenza as part of their broader project of constructing borderland identities. It is shown how for Chicano and Chicana authors, such as Ernesto Galarza, Sandra Cisneros, and Gloria Anzaldua, these reinterpretations are not only linked to social processes, such as migration, but also to the emergence of new understandings of culture and politics. The article concludes by noting that for anthropology, the study of verguenza and changing Chicano and Chicana narratives offers new insights into understanding the cultural transformations surrounding the articulation of borderland identities.
Perturbed multilayered structures of positive and negative index materials

In this work, we study the influence of disorder on the omnidirectional bandgap in a one dimensional stack of alternating positive and dispersive negative index materials. We achieve this through using the transfer matrix method to study wave propagation properties. In the case where the number of periods becomes infinitely large, the limit of the transmittance is derived from the trace of the matrix, and thus reducing the calculation complexity. The origin of the transmission resonances and their relation with the field localization for random systems are analyzed and compared with that of the periodic case. Our result shows that the zero average refractive index bandgap is not affected by small disorders in layer thickness or refractive index, and thus the multilayer stack is robust against fabrication. The finding is expected to achieve potential applications in optoelectronic sensor devices such as omnidirectional reflectors in airplane radomes. We also show that a random mixture of positive and dispersive negative index materials in an equal ratio always possesses a zero average refractive index bandgap.
Prototype of Kepler Processing Workflows For Microscopy And Neuroinformatics.

Abstract We report on progress of employing the Kepler workflow engine to prototype “end-to-end” application integration workflows that concern data coming from microscopes deployed at the National Center for Microscopy Imaging Research (NCMIR). This system is built upon the mature code base of the Cell Centered Database (CCDB) and integrated rule-oriented data system (IRODS) for distributed storage. It provides integration with external projects such as the Whole Brain Catalog (WBC) and Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF), which benefit from NCMIR data. We also report on specific workflows which spawn from main workflows and perform data fusion and orchestration of Web services specific for the NIF project. This “Brain data flow” presents a user with categorized information about sources that have information on various brain regions.
Music in Television: Channels of Listening

James Deaville, New York: Routledge, 2011, ISBN: 978-0-415-88136-4; 978-0-415-88135-7; 978-0-203-83101-4 244 pp, $32.95 (pb), $100.00 (hb), $12.59 (eb) While television's content carries with it st...
Obstetric outcomes associated with induction of labor after 2 prior cesarean deliveries

Objective We sought to determine whether, in the setting of induction, obstetric outcomes differ based on the number of prior cesarean deliveries (CD) and to determine whether women with 2 cesareans undergoing induction face increased risks of adverse outcomes compared to women undergoing a repeat CD. Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a 4-year multicenter prospective cohort. Women with 1 or 2 CD were included. Frequencies of vaginal birth after cesarean as well as maternal and neonatal complications were compared among women with 1 CD undergoing induction, women with 2 CD undergoing induction, and women undergoing repeat CD with 2 cesareans. Results Of the 10,262 women included in this study, 4100 (40.0%) underwent an induction after 1 CD, 152 (1.5%) underwent an induction after 2 CD, and 6010 (58.6%) had a repeat CD after 2 CD. In women undergoing induction, the chance of vaginal birth after cesarean was no different in women with 2 compared to 1 prior CD (65% vs 69%, P = .28). Similarly, composite maternal (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6–2.3) and neonatal (aOR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7–1.7) outcomes were not different between the 2 groups. In women who had 2 prior CD, undergoing an induction carried similar composite adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes compared to having a repeat CD (aOR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3–2.0; aOR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6–2.2). Conclusion Labor induction outcomes are similar regardless of whether women have had 1 or 2 CD. After 2 CD, undergoing an induction carries similar maternal and neonatal risks as having a repeat CD.
Envisioning carbon capture and storage: expanded possibilities due to air capture, leakage insurance, and C-14 monitoring.

In order to meet the challenge of climate change while allowing for continued economic development, the world will have to adopt a net zero carbon energy infrastructure. Due to the world’s large stock of low-cost fossil fuels, there is strong motivation to explore the opportunities for capturing the CO2 that is produced in the combustion of fossil fuels and keeping it out of the atmosphere. Three distinct sets of technologies are needed to allow for climate neutral use of fossil fuels: (1) capture of CO2 at concentrated sources like electric power plants, future hydrogen production plants and steel and cement plants; (2) capture of CO2 from the air; and (3) the safe and permanent storage of CO2 away from the atmosphere. A strong regime of carbon accounting is also necessary to gain the public’s trust in the safety and permanence of CO2 storage. This paper begins with an extensive overview of carbon capture and storage technologies, and then presents a vision for the potential implementation of carbon capture and storage, drawing upon new ideas such as air capture technology, leakage insurance, and monitoring using a radioactive isotope such as C-14. These innovations, which may provide a partial solution for managing the risks associated with long-term carbon storage, are not well developed in the existing literature and deserve greater study.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage in a patient with Abiotrophia defectiva endocarditis

Endocarditis caused by Abiotrophia accounts for 5% of all cases of infective endocarditis (Roberts et al, Rev Infect Dis. 1979;1:955-66) and 5% to 6% of all cases of streptococcal endocarditis (Bouvet, Eur Heart J. 1995;16(suppl B):24-7; Brouqui et al, Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14:177-207). This endocarditis is associated with a high rate of embolization and treatment failure (Bouvet, Eur Heart J. 1995;16(suppl B):24-7). Neurological complications occur in 20% to 40% of all cases of infective endocarditis (Ossorio et al, Hosp Physician. 2003;39:21-4). Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare but devastating neurological complication. The authors presented a case of massive fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a patient with Abiotrophia defectiva endocarditis. To our knowledge, there are only 2 reported cases of mycotic aneurysms in Abiotrophia endocarditis, 1 of which was associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (Leonard et al, N Engl J Med. 2001;344:233-4; Yang et al, Am J Med Sci. 2010;339:190-1).
THE RATING OF MATERIALS FOUND IN THE MAILBOX: EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY OF RECEIPT

Several laboratory studies by Zajonc and his colleagues have shown that the mere repeated exposure of certain ambiguous forms or innocuous nonsense words (e.g., NANSOMA, IKTITAF, AFWORBU, etc.) serves to enhance the observer's attitude toward them. The subjects in the experiments were asked merely to pay attention to the stimuli as they appeared briefly and singly on cards or on a screen. Some stimuli were shown twenty-five times while others were shown at lesser frequencies in random order. When later asked to rate the items on an affective scale, the subjects consistently assigned the most positive ratings to the stimuli shown at high frequency and the lowest ratings to the low-frequency stimuli.' Moreover, in other research, subjects rated other subjects more positively the more often they encountered them during experiments ostensibly on judgments of flavors.2 These findings have been extended to various field settings. In a study by Zajonc and Rajecki3 the nonsense words that had been employed in the laboratory were printed at different frequencies in an unadorned way in two major university newspapers over a month's time. When the exposure series was completed respondents were selected at random from the communities involved and received a mailed questionnaire asking them to judge the "goodness" of the words. It was found that the highest ratings were assigned to the words printed most frequently. Further, Crandall4 displayed differ-
A brief review of digital image processing

The review is presented with particular reference to Skylab S-192 and Landsat MSS imagery. Attention is given to rectification (calibration) processing with emphasis on geometric correction of image distortions. Image enhancement techniques (e.g., the use of high pass digital filters to eliminate gross shading to allow emphasis of the fine detail) are described along with data analysis and system considerations (software philosophy).
Modulation of mucosal and systemic immunity by intranasal interleukin 12 delivery.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is an important mediator of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. We have now utilized a noninvasive intranasal (i.n.) delivery system to evaluate the ability of IL-12 to modulate both mucosal and systemic components of the immune system. Mice immunized i.n. with dinitrophenyl conjugated to ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) in combination with cholera toxin B subunit and IL-12 were found to have elevated levels of IFN-gamma and IL-10 mRNA transcripts in both lungs and spleens compared with mice not receiving IL-12. In addition, expression of lung IL-5 mRNA was inhibited. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after IL-12 treatment revealed a significant increase in IgG2a and unaltered IgG1 and IgA anti-OVA antibody levels. Serum IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 anti-DNP antibody levels were significantly increased by IL-12 given i.n., while serum IgG1 antibody levels were suppressed, results that are similar to those seen after systemic antigen plus IL-12 administration. Delivery of IL-12 i.n. also enhanced faecal IgG2a and suppressed IgA levels, in contrast to parenteral treatment which increased both faecal IgG2a and IgA antibody expression. These results provide evidence that i.n. IL-12 treatment can effectively modulate antigen-specific immune responses and enhance immunization strategies for mucosal vaccines.
Accepting Adoption’s Uncertainty: The Limited Ethics of Pre-Adoption Genetic Testing

An increasing number of children are adopted in the United States from countries where both medical care and environmental conditions are extremely poor. In response to worries about the accuracy of medical histories, prospective adoptive parents increasingly request genetic testing of children prior to adoption. Though a general consensus on the ethics of pre-adoption genetic testing (PAGT) argues against permitting genetic testing on children available for adoption that is not also permitted for children in general, a view gaining traction argues for expanding the tests permitted. The reasoning behind this view is that the State has a duty to provide a child with parents who are the best “match,” and thus all information that advances this end should be obtained. While the matching argument aims to promote the best interests of children, I show how it rests on the claim that what is in the best interests of children available for adoption is for prospective adoptive parents to have their genetic preferences satisfied such that the “genetics” of the children they end up adopting accurately reflects those preferences. Instead of protecting a vulnerable population, I conclude, PAGT contributes to the risks of harm such children face as it encourages people with strong genetic preferences to adopt children whose genetic backgrounds will always be uncertain.
Bortezomib Induced Hepatitis B Reactivation

Background. It has recently been reported that hepatitis B (HBV) reactivation often occurs after the use of rituximab and stem cell transplantation in patients with lymphoma who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative. However, clinical data on HBV reactivation in multiple myeloma (MM) is limited to only a few reported cases. Bortezomib and lenalidomide have remarkable activity in MM with manageable toxicity profiles, but reactivation of viral infections may emerge as a problem. We present a case of MM that developed HBV reactivation after bortezomib and lenalidomide therapy. Case Report. A 73-year-old female with a history of marginal cell lymphoma was monitored without requiring therapy. In 2009, she developed MM, presenting as a plasmacytoma requiring vertebral decompression and focal radiation. While receiving radiation she developed renal failure and was started on bortezomib and liposomal doxorubicin. After a transient response to 5 cycles, treatment was switched to lenalidomide. Preceding therapy initiation, her serology indicated resolved infection. Serial monitoring for HBV displayed seroconversion one month after change in therapy. Conclusion. Bortezomib associated late HBV reactivation appears to be a unique event that requires further confirmation and brings to discussion whether hepatitis B core positive individuals would benefit from monitoring of HBV activation while on therapy.
The Weald Clay of the Weald: report of 1988/89 field meetings

The Lower Cretaceous geology (Hauterivian/Barremian) of the Auclaye, Clockhouse and Smokejacks Brickworks is described with special reference to recent fieldwork by the Geologists' Association.
Source-level optimization of run-time program generators

We describe our efforts to use source-level rewriting to optimize run-time program generators written in Jumbo, a run-time program generation system for Java. Jumbo is a compiler written in compositional style, which brings the advantage that any program fragment can be abstracted out and compiled to an intermediate form. These forms can be put together at run-time to build complete programs. This principle provides a high level of flexibility in writing program generators. However, this comes at the price of inefficient run-time compilation. Using source-level transformations, we optimize the run-time generation of byte code from fragments, achieving speedups of 5–15%. We discuss the optimization process and give several examples.
Phospholamban, the regulator of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump, does not copurify with the Ca2+-ATPase enzyme.

Abstract Canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum is phosphorylated by adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent and by Ca 2+ -calmodulin-dependent protein kinases on an M r 22000 protein called phospholamban. Both types of phosphorylation are associated with an increase in the initial rate of Ca 2+ transport. Thus, phospholamban appears to be a regulator for the calcium pump in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. However, there is conflicting evidence as to the degree of association of the Ca 2+ -ATPase with its regulator, phospholamban. In this study, we report that phospholamban does not copurify with a Ca 2+ -ATPase preparation of high specific activity. Although 32 P-labeled phospholamban is solubilized in the same fraction as the Ca 2+ -ATPase from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, it dissociates from the Ca 2+ pump during subsequent purification steps. Our isolation procedure results in an increase of over 4-fold in the specific activity of the Ca 2+ -ATPase, but a decrease of 2.5-fold in the specific activity of 32 P i -phosphoester bonds (pmol P i /mg). Furthermore, the purified Ca 2+ -ATPase enzyme preparation is not a substrate for protein kinase in vitro to any significant extent. These data indicate that phospholamban does not copurify with the Ca 2+ -ATPase from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Isolation of a Ca 2+ -ATPase preparation essentially free of phospholamban will aid in future kinetic studies designed to elucidate similarities and differences in the Ca 2+ -ATPase parameters from cardiac and skeletal muscle (which is known not to contain phospholamban).
Explaining Changes in Mothers' Job Satisfaction Following Childbirth

This study examines the determinants of changes in job satisfaction for childbearing women who return to their jobs following childbirth. By using longitudinal data, this research is able to determine the direction and causes of changes in satisfaction that accompany the return to work. We find first that declines in job satisfaction routinely accompany the birth of a child. However, several family and workplace characteristics help to alleviate the decline in job satisfaction. In addition, we find that the determinants of job satisfaction appear to change following childbirth, which will be key in future research examining this issue.
Motivational Interviewing as a Supervision Strategy in Probation: A Randomized Effectiveness Trial

Motivational interviewing (MI) has been recommended as a supervision style in probation. This project examined the effectiveness of an MI training curriculum on probation officer MI skill and subsequent probationer outcome. Twenty probation officers were randomized to receive MI training, or to a waiting list control, while an additional group of 10 officers served as a supervision-as-usual group; officer outcomes included questionnaires and standardized interactions at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. A total of 380 probationers were assigned to officers during a 4-month period; offender outcomes included the probability of having a drug-positive urinalysis or an otherwise poor outcome after 6 months. The MI training program improved officer skill as measured by standardized interactions. However, after controlling for baseline characteristics, probationer outcome did not vary by training group, nor did officer MI competence predict outcome. Results are discussed in terms of the role of MI in the overal...
The Grain Mold Pathogen, Fusarium thapsinum, Reduces Caryopsis Formation in Sorghum bicolor

Grain mold is a globally important panicle disease of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] that occurs between floral anthesis and physiological maturity of the caryopsis. Many fungi, including Fusarium thapsinum, cause grain mold. In this study, sorghum florets of grain mold resistant (Sureno and Tx2911), moderately resistant (SC170), and susceptible (Tx430) cultivars were spray-inoculated with a high density (1 · 10 6 microconidia ⁄ ml) of F. thapsinum at anthesis. Mean caryopsis formation frequencies [CFF = (total caryopses ⁄ total spikelets per panicle) · 100] for F. thapsinum-inoculated Sureno and Tx2911 panicles did not significantly differ from their respective controls, however F. thapsinum-inoculated SC170 and Tx430 panicles were significantly less than controls. In addition, CFF was significantly reduced in F. thapsinum-inoculated Tx430 panicles when compared to the F. thapsinuminoculated grain mold resistant genotypes (P = 0.011). This study suggests that screening of sorghum varieties for caryopsis formation using high-density inoculations at anthesis would provide an additional assay to measure F. thapsinum resistance in the greenhouse.
Outcomes assessment of the surgical management of esophageal cancer in younger and older patients.

Background The aim of this study was to assess the influence of age on disease presentation, clinical and pathologic staging, postoperative outcomes, costs, and long-term survival after esophagectomy for esophageal malignancy. Methods All patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer between 1991 and 2011 were prospectively enrolled in an Institutional Review Board approved database. Results A total of 493 patients underwent surgical resection during the study period; 58 (11.76%) of these patients were 50 years or less (44 ± 4.7) and 435 patients were greater than 50 years (67 ± 8.44). There was no difference in clinical stage; however, patients 50 years or less were more likely to have adenocarcinoma and reduced Charlson comorbidity index and younger patients tended to have a more delayed presentation as manifested by an increased period of dysphagia and a greater degree of weight loss. In the 50 or less age group there was a significantly greater use of neoadjuvant therapy in stage II patients and the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly decreased with increasing age. Surgery in the 50 or less age group was associated with significantly reduced intensive care unit stay, incidence of postoperative complications, and overall costs. Multivariate analysis also confirmed associations between increasing age and increased incidence of postoperative complications and cost. There were no significant differences in pathologic stage, positive resection margins, incidence of complete response to neoadjuvant therapy, or in overall survival. Conclusions This study demonstrates younger patients have fewer complications and lower overall treatment costs after esophagectomy. In spite of having a more delayed presentation, younger patients presented with a similar stage and demonstrated similar overall survival.
From Analog Prototypes to Digital Drawing in the Gallery

AbstractThe You Are Here digital drawing interactive is one of the most successful interpretive elements in the renovated Oakland Museum of California Gallery of California Art. This interactive grew from considering how visitors could see themselves in the gallery and how visitor awareness of the creative process could be increased. The renovation project of the Gallery of California Art included prototyping, evaluating, and developing this digital activity for the gallery. Bringing the making of art into the gallery is an important change from the usual scenario of having hands-on activities in a separate room away from the exhibition space.
Asymmetric Dark Matter from a GeV Hidden Sector

Asymmetric dark matter (ADM) models relate the dark matter (DM) density to the baryon asymmetry, so that a natural mass scale for ADM is around a few GeV. In existing models of ADM, this mass scale is unexplained; here we generate this GeV scale for DM) from the weak scale via gauge kinetic mixing with a new Abelian dark force. In addition, this dark sector provides an efficient mechanism for suppressing the symmetric abundance of DM through annihilations to the dark photon. We augment this sector with a higher dimensional operator responsible for communicating the baryon asymmetry to the dark sector. Our framework also provides a DM candidate for gauge mediation models. It results in a direct detection cross section of interest for current experiments: ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{p}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}41}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for DM masses in the range 1--15 GeV.
Parasitic myomas after laparoscopic myomectomy: case report.

Objective To report a case of a woman who presented with parasitic myomas 27 months after laparoscopic myomectomy. Design Case report. Setting University medical center. Patient(s) A 31-year-old G0 woman who had a previous history significant for laparoscopic myomectomy with morcellation 27 months before. Intervention(s) Repeat laparoscopic myomectomy and review of video footage from previous myomectomy. Main Outcome Measure(s) Pathology report. Result(s) Repeat laparoscopic examination revealed two pedunculated and two parasitic myomas. Review of video footage from initial surgery revealed pieces of myoma dispersed within pelvis during morcellation. Conclusion(s) Pieces of initial myoma dispersed within the pelvis during morcellation may have developed into parasitic myomas.
Structure of numerically simulated katabatic and anabatic flows along steep slopes

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is applied to investigate properties of katabatic and anabatic flows along thermally perturbed (in terms of surface buoyancy flux) sloping surfaces in the absence of rotation. Numerical experiments are conducted for homogeneous surface forcings over infinite planar slopes. The simulated flows are the turbulent analogs of the Prandtl (1942) one-dimensional laminar slope flow. The simulated flows achieve quasi-steady periodic regimes at large times, with turbulent fluctuations being modified by persistent low-frequency oscillatory motions with frequency equal to the product of the ambient buoyancy frequency and the sine of the slope angle. These oscillatory wave-type motions result from interactions between turbulence and ambient stable stratification despite the temporal constancy of the surface buoyant forcing. The structure of the mean-flow fields and turbulence statistics in simulated slope flows is analyzed. An integral dynamic similarity constraint for steady slope/wall flows forced by surface buoyancy flux is derived and quantitatively verified against the DNS data.
Bayesian Bigot? Statistical Discrimination, Stereotypes, and Employer Decision Making

Much of the debate over the underlying causes of discrimination centers on the rationality of employer decision making. Economic models of statistical discrimination emphasize the cognitive utility of group estimates as a means of dealing with the problems of uncertainty. Sociological and social-psychological models, by contrast, question the accuracy of group-level attributions. Although mean differences may exist between groups on productivity-related characteristics, these differences are often inflated in their application, leading to much larger differences in individual evaluations than would be warranted by actual group-level trait distributions. In this study, the authors examine the nature of employer attitudes about black and white workers and the extent to which these views are calibrated against their direct experiences with workers from each group. They use data from fifty-five in-depth interviews with hiring managers to explore employers' group-level attributions and their direct observations to develop a model of attitude formation and employer learning.
Grass lignin acylation: p-coumaroyl transferase activity and cell wall characteristics of C3 and C4 grasses

Grasses are a predominant source of nutritional energy for livestock systems around the world. Grasses with high lignin content have lower energy conversion efficiencies for production of bioenergy either in the form of ethanol or to milk and meat through ruminants. Grass lignins are uniquely acylated with p-coumarates (pCA), resulting from the incorporation of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates into the growing lignin polymer within the cell wall matrix. The required acyl-transferase is a soluble enzyme (p-coumaroyl transferase, pCAT) that utilizes p-coumaroyl-CoenzymeA (pCA-CoA) as the activated donor molecule and sinapyl alcohol as the preferred acceptor molecule. Grasses (C3and C4) were evaluated for cell wall characteristics; pCA, lignin, pCAT activity, and neutral sugar composition. All C3 and C4 grasses had measurable pCAT activity, however the pCAT activities did not follow the same pattern as the pCA incorporation into lignin as expected.
A Bayesian model of quasi-magical thinking can explain observed cooperation in the public good game

Abstract Models of learning, reciprocity and altruism cannot explain all aspects of observed contributions in the public good game. Here a new model is described in which players recognize a correlation between their own contribution and the likely contributions of other players. The correlation is calculated by treating a player's own conjectured contribution just like any other data point within a learning model. Although players recognize that this correlation is not causal, they nevertheless choose to maximize expected utility conditional on their own action rather than standard expected utility. Results from the model explain previously puzzling quantitative trends in the data.
Signs of the times: graphics for international audiences

The author considers graphic and nonverbal communications cross-culturally, with a view to identifying pitfalls and bridges across them. She concludes that, for symbols to work well internationally, two things are necessary. The symbols must first be sufficiently abstract that the audience does not have a preconception of their meaning. Secondly, the audience must be taught the meaning that has been selected. What is necessary in choosing and using graphics is to recognize that graphic symbols, like verbal symbols, are arbitrary and that there is no inherent connection between the symbol and the meaning. >
An LXR Agonist Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Death through Inhibition of an EGFR/AKT/SREBP-1/LDLR–Dependent Pathway

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal of all cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (EGFRvIII) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) hyperactivation are common in GBM, promoting tumor growth and survival, including through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1)–dependent lipogenesis. The role of cholesterol metabolism in GBM pathogenesis, its association with EGFR/PI3K signaling, and its potential therapeutic targetability are unknown. In our investigation, studies of GBM cell lines, xenograft models, and GBM clinical samples, including those from patients treated with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, uncovered an EGFRvIII-activated, PI3K/SREBP-1–dependent tumor survival pathway through the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Targeting LDLR with the liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 caused inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL)–mediated LDLR degradation and increased expression of the ABCA1 cholesterol efflux transporter, potently promoting tumor cell death in an in vivo GBM model. These results show that EGFRvIII can promote tumor survival through PI3K/SREBP-1–dependent upregulation of LDLR and suggest a role for LXR agonists in the treatment of GBM patients. Significance: This study reveals that GBM cells have devised a mechanism to subvert the normal pathways for feedback inhibition of cholesterol homeostasis via EGFRvIII and PI3K-dependent activation of SREBP-1. We show that an LXR agonist causes IDOL-mediated LDLR degradation and increases expression of the ABCA1 cholesterol efflux transporter, potently promoting GBM cell death in vivo . These results suggest a role for LXR agonists in the treatment of GBM patients. Cancer Discovery; 1(5) : 442–56. ©2011 AACR . Read the Commentary on this article by Moschetta, [p. 381][1] This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, [p. 367][2] [1]: /lookup/volpage/1/381?iss=5 [2]: /lookup/volpage/1/367?iss=5
Cumulative Knowledge and Progress in Human Factors

This review provides a cumulative perspective on current human factors research by first briefly acknowledging previous Annual Review articles. We show that several recent conceptual advances are an outgrowth of the information-processing approach adopted by the field and present several areas of current research that are built directly on prior work. Topic areas that provide fundamental tools for human factors analyses are summarized, and several current application areas are reviewed. We end by considering alternatives to the information-processing approach that have been proposed and placing those alternatives in context. We argue that the information-processing language provides the foundation that has enabled much of the growth in human factors. This growth reflects a cumulative development of concepts and methods that continues today.
On Bipartite and Multipartite Clique Problems

In this paper, we introduce the maximum edge biclique problem in bipartite graphs and the edge/node weighted multipartite clique problem in multipartite graphs. Our motivation for studying these problems came from abstractions of real manufacturing problems in the computer industry and from formal concept analysis. We show that the weighted version and four variants of the unweighted version of the biclique problem are NP-complete. For random bipartite graphs, we show that the size of the maximum balanced biclique is considerably smaller than the size of the maximum edge cardinality biclique, thus highlighting the difference between the two problems. For multipartite graphs, we consider three versions each for the edge and node weighted problems which differ in the structure of the multipartite clique (MPC) required. We show that all the edge weighted versions are NP-complete in general. We also provide a special case in which edge weighted versions are polynomially solvable.
Appellate Review of Judicial Fact-Finding

Appellate judges operate in a world not of their own making: they review cases that have already been decided. In performing that review, they are constrained by rules -- standards of review -- that often require substantial deference to the lower court's decision. Only when the issue befor ethe court of appeals is a question of law is the court free to disregard what happened in the court below. The effect of standards of review is to allocate decision-making authority over questions of law primarily to appellate courts, and decision-making authority over questions of fact primarily to the trial courts. The allocation of fact-finding authority, especially, has engendered considerable debate. Much of the debate is centered on the difficult distinction between fact and law, which is seen as the key to assigning tasks among the various actors in the system.
The Uni2 phosphoprotein is a cell cycle regulated component of the basal body maturation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Mutations in the UNI2 locus in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii result in a “uniflagellar” phenotype in which flagellar assembly occurs preferentially from the older basal body and ultrastructural defects reside in the transition zones. The UNI2 gene encodes a protein of 134 kDa that shares 20.5% homology with a human protein. Immunofluorescence microscopy localized the protein on both basal bodies and probasal bodies. The protein is present as at least two molecular-weight variants that can be converted to a single form with phosphatase treatment. Synthesis of Uni2 protein is induced during cell division cycles; accumulation of the phosphorylated form coincides with assembly of transition zones and flagella at the end of the division cycle. Using the Uni2 protein as a cell cycle marker of basal bodies, we observed migration of basal bodies before flagellar resorption in some cells, indicating that flagellar resorption is not required for mitotic progression. We observed the sequential assembly of new probasal bodies beginning at prophase. The uni2 mutants may be defective in the pathways leading to flagellar assembly and to basal body maturation.
Time Structure and Purpose as a Mediator of Work‐Life Linkages

This study explores time structure and purpose as a mediator of the relationship between the experience of work and well-being in life, taking into account personality factors. A recursive model is presented in which value attainment at work and job satisfaction are expected to positively affect life satisfaction directly and indirectly through their effects on time structure and purpose. A test of the model using questionnaire responses from 336 workers generally was supportive of the hypothesized relationships suggesting that one mechanism through which work may affect well-being is through work's influence on people's sense of time being spent in purposeful and meaningful ways. Support for the hypothesized role of personality in the model also was obtained. In general, these results are consistent with top-down and bottom-up theories of well-being suggesting that both types of processes likely operate in tandem. Implications of these results are discussed.
Commentary: From phenotype, to genotype, to gene–environment interaction and risk for complex diseases

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The auxiliary protein complex SaePQ activates the phosphatase activity of sensor kinase SaeS in the SaeRS two-component system of Staphylococcus aureus

In bacterial two-component regulatory systems (TCSs), dephosphorylation of phosphorylated response regulators is essential for resetting the activated systems to the pre-activation state. However, in the SaeRS TCS, a major virulence TCS of Staphylococcus aureus, the mechanism for dephosphorylation of the response regulator SaeR has not been identified. Here we report that two auxiliary proteins from the sae operon, SaeP and SaeQ, form a protein complex with the sensor kinase SaeS and activate the sensor kinase's phosphatase activity. Efficient activation of the phosphatase activity required the presence of both SaeP and SaeQ. When SaeP and SaeQ were ectopically expressed, the expression of coagulase, a sae target with low affinity for phosphorylated SaeR, was greatly reduced, while the expression of alpha-haemolysin, a sae target with high affinity for phosphorylated SaeR, was not, demonstrating a differential effect of SaePQ on sae target gene expression. When expression of SaePQ was abolished, most sae target genes were induced at an elevated level. Since the expression of SaeP and SaeQ is induced by the SaeRS TCS, these results suggest that the SaeRS TCS returns to the pre-activation state by a negative feedback mechanism.
Vitamin D3 potentiates the antitumorigenic effects of arsenic trioxide in human leukemia (HL-60) cells

Background Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a novel form of therapy that has been found to aid acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. Our laboratory has demonstrated that ATO-induced cytotoxicity in human leukemia (HL-60) cells is mediated by oxidative stress. Pro-oxidants have been known to play a role in free radical-mediated oxidative stress. Vitamin D3, (Vit D3) an active metabolite of vitamin D has been reported to inhibit the growth of number neoplasms such as prostate, breast, colorectal, leukemia, and skin cancers. The goal of the present research was to use (HL-60) cells as an in vitro test model to evaluate whether low doses of Vit D3 potentiate the toxicity of ATO and whether this toxic action is mediated via apoptotic mechanisms.
Hypotensive Activity of Certain Diquaternarized Ammonium Compounds as Influenced by Administration Route and Anesthesia

A three-way crossover experimental design demonstrated that urethan anesthesia enhanced the hypotensive responses of certain diquaternarized ammonium compounds in normotensive rats. The test showed that cardiovascular responses were more significant in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. Barbiturate anesthesia potentiated the hypotensive responses of certain of the compounds in normotensive dogs. Intravenous infusion of two of the compounds into anesthetized normotensive dogs produced a maximum hypotensive effect in 2 minutes with no further lowering of the blood pressure as the infusion was continued.