cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and psychophysiological correlates of positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms in the schizophrenia spectrum

This study examined the cross-sectional and prospective relationships between cognitive and psychophysiological variables and positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms in 40 outpatients with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The results indicated that disorganized symptoms were related to deficits in auditory and visuomotor attentional processing, increased skin conductance orienting response, and lower stress reactivity. Negative symptoms were related to reduced resting heart rate, increased stress reactivity, and deficits in visuomotor processing. Prospective findings indicated that both the cognitive and heart-rate variables might be trait-related aspects of the negative symptoms, while the skin conductance, but not the cognitive, variables might be trait-related aspects of the disorganized symptoms. Positive symptoms were not related to any of the cognitive or psychophysiological variables.
Does gypsum formation during sulfate attack on concrete lead to expansion

Abstract Sulfate attack on Portland cement concrete is often said to arise from each of two major sulfate reactions: (1) The sulfate ions react with C 3 A and its hydration products to form ettringite with an increase in volume that results in expansion and subsequent cracking of the concrete; (2) The sulfate ions react with calcium hydroxide (CH) to form gypsum. Even though gypsum formation is generally accepted to be harmful, the specific mechanism is not well established. Especially, the idea that gypsum formation leads to any expansion is controversial. This paper covers an investigation carried out to study the gypsum formation during sulfate attack and its consequences. Two parts are included: Part 1 consists of the results of a literature review describing different theories supporting and contradicting the idea that gypsum formation is expansive. Part 2 describes the laboratory investigation carried out by the authors. The results suggested that gypsum formation during sulfate attack may cause expansion.
Effects of van der Waals density functional corrections on trends in furfural adsorption and hydrogenation on close-packed transition metal surfaces

Abstract The hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol on Pd(111), Cu(111) and Pt(111) is studied with both standard Density Functional Theory (DFT)-GGA functionals and with van der Waals-corrected density functionals. VdW-DF functionals, including optPBE, optB88, optB86b, and Grimme's method, are used to optimize the adsorption configurations of furfural, furfuryl alcohol, and related intermediates resulting from hydrogenation of furfural, and the results are compared to corresponding values determined with GGA functionals, including PW91 and PBE. On Pd(111) and Pt(111), the adsorption geometries of the intermediates are not noticeably different between the two classes of functionals, while on Cu(111), modest changes are seen in both the perpendicular distance and the orientation of the aromatic ring with respect to the planar surface. In general, the binding energies increase substantially in magnitude as a result of van der Waals contributions on all metals. In contrast, however, dispersion effects on the kinetics of hydrogenation are relatively small. It is found that activation barriers are not significantly affected by the inclusion of dispersion effects, and a Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi relationship developed solely from PW91 calculations on Pd(111) is capable of describing corresponding results on Cu(111) and Pt(111), even when the dispersion effects are included. Finally, the reaction energies and barriers derived from the dispersion-corrected and pure GGA calculations are used to plot simple potential energy profiles for furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol on the three considered metals, and an approximately constant downshift of the energetics due to the dispersion corrections is observed.
A Review of Walleye Management in Texas with Emphasis on Meredith Reservoir

Abstract Management of walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in Texas, and Meredith Reservoir in particular, has a 35-year history of challenges addressed by fisheries managers. The first attempt at stocking walleyes in Texas in 1953 was unsuccessful, with no documented survival. Additional stocking in the mid-1960s resulted in some survival, particularly in Meredith Reservoir. Walleye survival and development of a fishery was highest in reservoirs where there was at least some natural reproduction. Through experimentation, it became economically feasible to develop and maintain walleye fisheries through massive fry stockings where survival was high but reproduction was limited. Evaluation of stocking success allowed adjustments in stocking procedures, that is, 1-d-old walleyes were stocked instead of 3- to 5-d-old fish. Growth of Meredith Reservoir age-1 walleyes was faster than that of northern (Iowa and New York) age-1 walleyes, although growth rates declined more rapidly as fish aged. Walleye movement and hom...
Digesta Passage Measured by Markers in Dairy Cows Fed Two Ratios of Corn Silage:Grain with 0 or 1.2% Sodium Bicarbonate

Abstract Four multiparous Holstein cows in midlactation fitted with rumen cannulae were in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to examine effects of two ratios of corn silage:grain (50:50 or 75:25) and sodium bicarbonate (0 or 1.2% of ration dry matter) on rate of passage of digesta. Marker techniques and mathematical equations were compared. Markers for liquid phase were polyethylene glycol and cobaltethylendiaminetetraacetic acid and for particulate phase were lanthanum, samarium, cerium, and chromium-mordanted fiber. A single compartment model was used to measure rate of passage of liquid from concentration of the two markers in ruminal fluid samples. Two two-compartment mathematical models were used to calculate rates of passage of liquid, grain, and fiber from fecal marker concentration. Ruminal liquid volume, rate of flow, and fractional rate of passage were not affected by sodium bicarbonate but increased with greater silage feeding. Ruminal grain and fiber passage were increased when more corn silage was fed. Effects of sodium bicarbonate on ruminal grain and fiber passage were variable, although fiber passage tended to be slowed. Overall, liquid passage exceeded grain passage, which exceeded fiber passage from the rumen. In the total tract, retention time of liquid, grain, and fiber was less when diets contained 75% corn silage. The effect of sodium bicarbonate on retention time of liquid, grain, and fiber in the total tract was variable. Markers and mathematical calculations caused differences in estimates of rate of passage and interpretation of results.
Production of Hydrogen from Plastics by Pyrolysis and Catalytic Steam Reform

Thermal decomposition of the most common plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene produces a mixture of many different hydrocarbons that can be used as a feedstock for producing hydrogen. The proposed process includes two steps: pyrolysis of plastics and catalytic steam reforming of pyrolysis gases and vapors. This research provides a proof of concept supported by experiments on selected polymers performed using a microscale reactor system interfaced with a molecular beam mass spectrometer and demonstrates process performance using a two-reactor bench-scale system. From 60 g/h polypropylene fed to the system 20.5 g/h hydrogen was produced, which corresponds to 80% of the theoretical potential.
Positional power, party politics and social security in Mexico: is urban bias politically negotiable?

Investigates urban bias in state policy making in Mexico. Refers to literature claiming that rural poverty in developing nations is a major problem because capitalism reflects an urban bias. Examines social security coverage for the rural poor in Mexico and notes that there are great variations depending on area, suggesting that social security coverage is politically negotiable. Outlines briefly the historical development of Mexico’s welfare state and uses a power resource model to demonstrate how groups with competing interests go about securing benefits from the state. Cites literature on dependency theory, indicating that rural groups have failed to mobilize politically and have therefore not secured the same state resources (such as social security benefits and housing) as urban groups, yet argues that this does not always apply in Mexico, partially due to party politics and bureaucratic paternalism. Explains how data was collected to examine regional variations in social security coverage among the rural poor and how the data was analysed. Reveal that workers in important international export markets (such as cotton and sugar) have greater political leverage in obtaining better social security benefits. Notes also that areas supporting the political party in power obtain better benefits. Concludes, therefore, that rural workers are not powerless in the face of urban capitalism and that urban bias and dependency theories do not reflect the situation in Mexico – rather social security benefits are politically negotiable.
Autoregressive Spectral Estimates of Newborn Brain Maturational Level: Classification and Validation

In order to examine the reliability and validity of classification of EEG maturational levels, brain activity before and after peripheral sensory stimulation was measured in two groups of full-term newborn infants (N=50 and 48). Autoregressive coefficients from two derivations (C-A, O-A) were classified by means of logistic discrimination relative to three age groups: a low birthweight group of less than 35 weeks gestational age, a comparable two-day-old group, and a group 6 weeks to 3 months of age. Results demonstrated that EEG maturational level of two-day-old full-term neonates can be reliably and validly classified. Autoregressive spectral analysis may function as a major technique for the hypothesis testing and classification of infant EEG.
Correcting Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Discharge Measurements Biased by Sediment Transport

A negative bias in discharge measurements made with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is attributed to the movement of sediment on or near the streambed, and is an issue widely acknowledged by the scientific community. The integration of a differentially corrected global positioning system (DGPS) to track the movement of the ADCP can be used to avoid the systematic bias associated with a moving bed. DGPS, however, cannot provide consistently accurate positions because of multipath errors and satellite signal reception problems on waterways with dense tree canopy along the banks, in deep valleys or canyons, and near bridges. An alternative method of correcting for the moving-bed bias, based on the closure error resulting from a two-way crossing of the river, is presented. The uncertainty in the mean moving-bed velocity measured by the loop method is shown to be approximately 0.6 cm/s. For the 13 field measurements presented, the loop method resulted in corrected discharges that were within 5% of discharges measured utilizing DGPS to compensate for moving-bed conditions.
Performance analysis of LTV fault detection schemes with additive faults

This paper considers the problem of certifying the performance of a class of model-based fault detection schemes. The underlying plant is assumed to be a linear time-varying (LTV) system subject to a Markov-switching fault input. The fault detection scheme consists of two parts: an LTV component that produces a scalar residual and a static nonlinear function that infers the presence of a fault based on this residual. Probabilistic performance metrics are presented and the complexity of computing these metrics is analyzed. It is shown that under a set of realistic assumptions, this complexity is reduced to polynomial time. An aerospace example, involving a pitot-static probe subject to random bias faults, is used to demonstrate the usefulness of this analysis.
Protein refolding Versus aggregation: computer simulations on an intermediate-resolution protein model

Abstract Computer simulations are performed on a system of eight model peptide chains to study how the competition between protein refolding and aggregation affects the optimal conditions for refolding of four-helix bundles. The discontinuous molecular dynamics algorithm is utilized along with an intermediate-resolution protein model that we developed for this work. Physically, the model is much more detailed than any model used to date for simulations of protein aggregation. Each model residue consists of a detailed, three-bead backbone and a simplified, single-bead side-chain. Excluded volume, hydrogen bond, and hydrophobic interactions are modeled with discontinuous (i.e. hard-sphere and square-well) potentials. Simulations efficiently sample conformational space, and complete folding trajectories from random initial configurations to two four-helix bundles are possible within two days on a single processor workstation. Folding of the bundles follows two main pathways, one through a trimeric intermediate and the other through an intermediate with two dimers. The proportion of trajectories that follow each route is significantly different for the eight-peptide system in this work than in a previously studied four-peptide system, which yields one four-helix bundle, suggesting, as our previous simulations have, that protein folding properties are strongly influenced by the presence of other proteins. Folding of the bundles is optimal within a fixed temperature range, with the high-temperature boundary a function of the complexity of the protein (or oligomer) to be folded and the low-temperature boundary a function of the complexity of the protein’s environment. Above the optimal temperature range for folding, the model chains tend to unfold; below the optimal range, the model chains tend to aggregate. As has been seen previously, aggregates have substantial levels of native secondary structure, suggesting that aggregates are composed largely of partially folded intermediates, not denatured chains.
Prescription medication misuse and substance use disorder in VA primary care patients with chronic pain.

Abstract Objective The goal of this paper was to examine the relationship between history of substance use disorder (SUD) and self-reported prescription medication misuse in 127 primary care patients who receive opioid medications for treatment of chronic pain. Method Participants completed measures of pain location, pain intensity, disability due to pain, and misuse of prescription medications. Other measures included demographic characteristics, psychiatric symptomatology and quality of life. Results Seventy-eight percent of participants reported at least one indicator of medication misuse in the prior year. After adjusting for age and clinical factors (pain severity, depression severity, current alcohol or substance use disorder), participants with SUD history were significantly more likely than participants without SUD history to report borrowing pain medications from others (OR=6.62, 95% CI=1.4–30.7) and requesting an early refill of pain medication (OR=3.86, 95% CI=1.5–9.6). Conclusions Misuse of prescription medications is a concern among primary care patients with chronic pain. Participants with a lifetime history of SUD are more likely to endorse some aberrant medication-related behaviors. Patients with SUD histories should be carefully evaluated for medication misuse potential and may require more intense assessment and follow-up.
Women and Mathematics: Fact and Fiction.

(1981). Women and Mathematics: Fact and Fiction. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 6, pp. 413-419.
US IMPORTS OF PETROLEUM AND RELATED PRODUCTS IN THE 1980S

Petroleum and related goods account for an enormous share of international maritime trade. For the United States, the world's largest energy consumer, imports of petroleum and related products are a vital connection to foreign suppliers. This paper illustrates cartographically the geographic structure of imports of three major petroleum-related commodities—crude petroleum, refined petroleum products, and natural gas—and their changes in the 1980s. Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient analyses reveal a modest deconcentration of crude petroleum within the US port system, an increasing concentration of petroleum products, and a relatively volatile geography of natural gas imports.
Purification and Characterization of an endo-Polygalacturonase from the Gut of West Indies Sugarcane Rootstalk Borer Weevil (Diaprepes abbreviatus L.) Larvae

Abstract An endo-polygalacturonase (PG) (EC:3.2.1.15) with a pI of 9.4 and an Mr of 44,500 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the gut of West Indies sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil (Diaprepes abbreviatus L.) larvae. Hydrolytic activity was maximal in 150 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5, at 30°C. Kinetic determinations yielded an apparent Km of 3.68 mg polygalacturonic acid (PGA)/ml and a Vmax of 283 μmol galacturonic acid/min/mg protein for PGA. Enzymatic activity was inhibited by a polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from “Hamlin” orange flavedo. The purified protein does not appear to be glycosylated, and its N-terminal sequence showed no homology to any PG protein sequences in data banks.
Trace analysis of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in animal chow, wastewater and human urine by three gas chromatographic procedures.

Gas chromatographic methods are described for the trace analysis of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine and its dihydrochloride salt in animal chow, wastewater, and human urine. Salient elements of the method for these known carcinogens in chow are: Extraction of the residues as the free amine and a cleanupvia acid-base liquid-liquid partitioning with benzene followed by a silica gel column. With wastewater and human urine, residues are adsorbed by percolating the sample through a column of XAD-2, eluted with acetone, and cleaned up with acid-base partitioning and a silica gel column. Residues are assayed by gas chromatography (GC) either as the free amine or after conversion to the pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivative by using an electron capture (EC) or a rubidium-sensitized thermionic-type (N/P) detector. Minimum detectable residues in chow, wastewater, and human urine are about 3 ppb, 18 ppt and 60 ppt, respectively, as determined by EC-GC of the PFP derivative.
Vocal communication in a language impaired child during hearing-aid adjustment

Abstract This report describes an empirical method of investigating the manner in which various features of vocal communication change as a child is adjusting to amplification. A six-year old female was observed during five weekly periods, and the following vocal communication features were analyzed: Communicative, Intelligible, Imitative, and Pitch Inflected. A marked increase in her use of vocal pitch is illustrated, and implications for further research are suggested.
Interpretation of 2002 Centers for Disease Control Guidelines for Group B Streptococcus and Evolving Provider Practice Patterns

We investigated if clinicians were altering their care of group B streptococcus (GBS)-positive women in labor to achieve 4 hours of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis based on their interpretation of the 2002 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on prevention of perinatal GBS disease. We surveyed all clinicians with privileges on the labor floor at our institution about their interpretation and clinical application of the 2002 CDC guidelines. Seventy of 96 eligible clinicians (72.9%) completed our survey. In our survey, only 22.9% of clinicians reported not altering their management of labor in GBS-positive pregnancies that achieved less than 4 hours of prophylaxis. These alterations included “laboring down” or delaying pushing; turning off or decreasing an oxytocin infusion; or delaying or avoiding artificial rupture of membranes. Clinicians are altering their management of labor to attempt to achieve 4 hours of intrapartum prophylaxis. The 2002 CDC guidelines do not specifically recommend prolonging labor and are being interpreted differently in the clinical setting than the authors may have intended. The effects and consequences of this interpretation are unknown.
Enzymes, Energy, and the Environment: A Strategic Perspective on the U.S. Department of Energy's Research and Development Activities for Bioethanol

For well over one hundred years, researchers around the world have pursued ways to make ethanol from biomass such as wood, grasses, and waste materials. To distinguish it from ethanol made from starch and sugars in traditional agricultural crops, we refer to ethanol made from biomass as "bioethanol." The effort to develop bioethanol technology gained significant momentum in the late 1970s as a result of the energy crises that occurred in that decade. This article briefly reviews the broader history of bioethanol technology development. With this as a background, we focus our attention on the strategic thinking behind the U.S. Department of Energy's Bioethanol Program, which envisions remarkable advances in cellulase enzyme research and as the basis for significant future process cost reductions.
Patellar Maltracking: No Longer Just a 2D Problem

In order to correctly diagnose and treat pathological knee joint mechanics we must be able to non-invasively quantify the 3D in vivo kinematics of this joint. Unfortunately, the majority of clinical diagnoses, for this joint, are based upon static 2D imaging. This is due to the fact that currently there is a scarcity of noninvasive measurement techniques that acquire 3D in vivo data dynamically. Thus, in vivo patellofemoral (PF) kinematic measurements typically compress a 3D time-dependent joint attitude to a static 2D representation. The purpose of this study was to investigate if patellar maltracking is limited to two dimensions, as assumed clinically, or if it is a complete six-degree of freedom problem. To do this, we quantified the 3D patellofemoral and tibiofemoral (TF) kinematics in both healthy individuals and those with suspected patellofemoral maltracking using fast-phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging, a technique developed in our previous work. Our data suggest that variations in kinematics were not confined to the standard axial plane measures (e.g. patellar tilt, patellar subluxation), but variations are exhibited in all six degrees of freedom. Therefore, future clinical diagnoses and interventions along with future research will be most effective if the measures used are broadened to include all six-degrees of freedom.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Immunocompetence of the severely injured spleen verified by differential interference contrast microscopy: the red blood cell pit test.

Objective:To determine the immunocompetence of the successfully nonoperatively managed injured spleen warranting vaccinations for overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis by differential interference contrast microscopy (DICM).Methods:Cull an urban Level I trauma systems data bank for all patients with g
Should overweight and obese primary care patients be offered a meal replacement diet

Summary Objectives Randomized controlled pilot study of the impact of a 30-day meal replacement (MR) diet on body weight. Methods Sixty-three subjects were enrolled and randomized into two groups to test the hypothesis that a simple diet based on packaged foods is as effective as a standard heart-healthy diet. Both groups were given 1200cal diets with unlimited fresh vegetables and fruits. Eligible subjects were adult primary care patients with body mass index (BMI)>25. Weights were measured in clinic at baseline and after 30 days. Results Outcome data were available for 55 (44 women and 11 men). Ages ranged from 25 to 74. BMIs at baseline ranged from 24.5 to 50.6. Mean weight loss was similar in the two groups (−2.7±2.6kg in the meal replacement subjects vs. −3.3±2.2 in standard care, p =0.35). Conclusion The average adult primary care patient who receives a single motivational interview can lose about 3kg in 1 month using meal replacements.
Contractile protein phenotypic variation during development

A diverse set of contractile protein genes and alternatively spliced isoforms is expressed during the process of cardiac maturation. A large variety of functional sarcomeric units may occur at various stages of development, in different regions of the heart and in pathologic states. In this review, the developmental program of individual contractile protein gene families is discussed with an emphasis on the functional effects of maturational changes, particularly in the human myocardium.
Bounds for certain Freud-type orthogonal polynomials

Abstract Let w Q ( x ) = exp(− Q ( x )) be a weight function and { P n } the system of polynomials orthonormal with respect to w Q 2 on R . We show that if Q satisfies certain technical conditions, then ¦W Q (x)p n (x)¦ ⩽ c 1 q n −1 2 , for ¦x¦ ⩽ c 2 q n , n = 1, 2, 3, …, where c 1 , c 2 are constants depending upon Q alone and q n Q ′( q n ) = n , n = 1, 2, …. The weights considered include exp (−¦x¦ α ) when α ⩾ 4. The proof involves the use of certain “infinite-finite range inequalities” to estimate the coefficients in a differential equation satisfied by p n . These estimates, in turn, enables us to use a concavity argument.
Two-Dimensional Active Wing/Store Flutter Suppression Using H Theory

An active method of decoupling the wing from store pitch inertia effects is presented for the wing/store  utter suppression problem. The proposed active decoupler pylon involves the use of a piezoceramic wafer strut as an actuator, which acts as a soft spring between the wing and the store. A two-degree-of-freedom typical section of an airfoil is used to represent the structural model of an F-16 aircraft wing, and the  utter problem is studied in incompressible  ow regimewhere the circulatory component of the aero loads is modeled using Jones’ approximation to the Theodorsen function. The aerodynamic effects on the store, however, are neglected, and a controller is designedusingH 1 theory tomake the closed-loopsystem robust to such unstructured uncertainties. Under a set of design speci cations quanti ed as weighting functions, a mixed-sensitivityH 1 optimal control synthesis problem is solved for the design of a controller. Singular-value Bode plots of robust stability and nominal performance measures are used for the analysis of the closed-loop system.
Tutankhamun's chariots: secret treasures of engineering mechanics

The Tutankhamun-class chariot is the earliest high-performance machine, most likely developed via racing and thoughtful mechanistic modelling and testing, and made with exquisite craftsmanship. The complex suspension system of springs and dampers comprises simple elements that are useful by chance, and also some well-designed and expensive components and subassemblies for advantages in structural dynamics and ride quality. These chariots' spokes and joints have aircraft-like damage tolerance, and are more sophisticated than those of any veteran car with wooden wheels. A substantially better overall design with the ancient materials of construction is difficult to visualize even if we apply our knowledge and computerized methods. This makes the Egyptian chariot an excellent example of original and advanced design, and a formidable challenge in further engineering investigations aimed at a full understanding of the ancients' achievements.
Target Range of Zwittermicin A, an Aminopolyol Antibiotic from Bacillus cereus

Zwittermicin A is a novel antibiotic produced by Bacillus cereus UW85, which suppresses certain plant diseases in the laboratory and in the field. We developed a rapid method for large-scale purification of zwittermicin A and then studied the in vitro activity of zwittermicin A against bacteria, fungi, and protists. Zwittermicin A was highly active against the Oomycetes and their relatives, the algal protists, and had moderate activity against diverse Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram-positive bacteria as well as against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi. Zwittermicin A was more active against bacteria and fungi at pH 7–8 than at pH 5–6. When zwittermicin A was combined with kanosamine, another antibiotic produced by B. cereus, the two acted synergistically against Escherichia coli and additively against Phytophthora medicaginis, an Oomycete. The results indicate that there are diverse potential applications of this new class of antibiotic.
Further comments on spinodal decomposition

Abstract Cahn and Hilliard have recently criticized a paper by us on spinodal decomposition. While some of their criticisms are valid, some are not. Further, their extensive discussion of one incorrect form of a diffusion equation, while pedagogically illuminating in itself, clouds the basic intent of our suggested extension of the theory of spinodal decomposition. The present paper clarifies the origin of the differences in viewpoint and corrects the criticized points.
Glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase in developing chick glycogen body

Glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase activities were quantitatively determined for the first time in glycogen body tissue from late embryonic and neonatal chicks. For comparative purposes, these enzyme activities were examined also in skeletal muscle and liver from pre- and post-hatched chicks. The present data show that the forms of glycogen synthetase which exist in the chick glycogen body are similar to those found in both liver and muscle, while glycogen body phosphorylases more closely resemble those forms characteristic of skeletal muscle.
Low temperature aluminum oxide deposition using trimethylaluminum

Aluminum oxide films (amorphous and γ-Al2O3) have been deposited by the oxidation of trimethy1aluminum. Process parameters have been evaluated and optimized to obtain reasonable growth rates and film properties for deposition temperatures between 300 and 400° C. Values of the dielectric constant (7.5 – 7.8), the dielectric strength (7.5 – 7.9 × 106 V/cm), the index of refraction (1.54 – 1.67), and the resistivity (> 10 ohm-cm) compare favorably with Al2O3, films grown with other processes at higher deposition temperatures. Film analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry identified a distribution of carbon and sodium impurities.
Iron treatment normalizes cognitive functioning in young women

Background: Evidence suggests that brain iron deficiency at any time in life may disrupt metabolic processes and subsequently change cognitive and behavioral functioning. Women of reproductiveageareamongthosemostvulnerabletoirondeficiencyandmay be at high risk for cognitive alterations due to iron deficiency. Objective: We aimed to examine the relation between iron status and cognitive abilities in young women. Design:A blinded, placebo-controlled, stratified intervention study was conducted in women aged 18–35 y of varied iron status who were randomly assigned to receive iron supplements or a placebo. Cognition was assessed by using 8 cognitive performance tasks (from Detterman’s Cognitive Abilities Test) at baseline (n 149) and after 16 wk of treatment (n 113). Results:Atbaseline,theiron-sufficientwomen(n42)performed better on cognitive tasks (P 0.011) and completed them faster (P 0.038) than did the women with iron deficiency anemia (n 34). Factors representing performance accuracy and the time needed to complete the tasks by the iron-deficient but nonanemic women (n 73) were intermediate between the 2 extremes of iron status. After treatment, a significant improvement in serum ferritin was associated with a 5–7-fold improvement in cognitive performance, whereas a significant improvement in hemoglobin was related to improved speed in completing the cognitive tasks. Conclusions: Iron status is a significant factor in cognitive performance in women of reproductive age. Severity of anemia primarily affects processing speed, and severity of iron deficiency affects accuracyofcognitivefunctionoverabroadrangeoftasks.Thus,the effects of iron deficiency on cognition are not limited to the developing brain. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:778–87.
King’s Theory as Foundation for an Advance Directive Decision-Making Model

This article discusses the utilization of King's conceptual system, transaction process model, and theory of goal attainment as foundations for an advance directive decision-making model. Research has shown nurses may be educationally unprepared, experience conflicts between beliefs and actions, or resist the responsibility to address advance directives and end-of-life issues. Nurses, especially nurse practitioners providing primary care, are in positions to facilitate the process. By understanding and incorporating this model into practice, both the nurse and the client may achieve mutual goal attainment resulting in both increased client autonomy and Patient Self-Determination Act compliance.
Reduction of optical beat interference in SCM/WDMA networks using pseudorandom phase modulation

A new approach is suggested to reduce the optical beat interference (OBI) in subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) wavelength-division multiple access (WDMA) networks. The idea is to deliberately introduce independent random polarization fluctuations in the electric fields transmitted on each optical channel. Random polarization results in an expanded OBI spectrum, and hence, less OBI power at the reference user receiving filter output. Electro-optic phase modulation is used to introduce polarization randomness in the fields before they are coupled into the fibers, A two-user system was simulated. Simulation results show the drastic reduction in OBI power spectral density using appropriate PN signals. >
Stereo for slanted surfaces: first order disparities and normal consistency

Traditional stereo algorithms either explicitly use the frontal parallel plane assumption by only considering position (zero-order) disparity when computing similarity measures of two image windows, or implicitly use it by imposing a smoothness prior bias towards frontal parallel plane solution. However this introduces two types of systematic error for slanted or curved surfaces. The first type is structural, and relates to discrete pixel coordinates and neighborhood structure. The second is geometric, and relates to differential properties of surfaces. To eliminate these systematic errors we extend stereo matching to include first-order disparities. Contextual information is then expressed geometrically by transporting surface normals over overlapping neighborhoods, which takes a particularly simple (and efficient) form in the tangent plane approximation. In particular, we develop a novel stereo algorithm that combines first-order disparity information with position (zero-order) disparity for slanted surfaces, and illustrate its use.
Image sensing under unfavorable photographic conditions with a group of wireless image sensors

We investigate the problem of image sensing under unfavorable photographic conditions in a wireless image sensor network. In the scenes with deflective and/or reflective medium such as fogs, mirrors, glasses, degraded images are captured by those image sensors. Such degraded images often lack perceptual vividness and they offer a poor visibility of the scene contents. Notably, computation-intensive method to recover a better image based on single image [2] may not be applicable for wireless image sensors due to the limited computation capacities and the limited power resources (batteries) typically equipped at those wireless image sensors. In this paper, we propose a framework to recover better images under unfavorable photographic conditions in a wireless image sensor network, where an efficient decision fusion approach based on the reinforcement learning technique to infer the presence of an unfavorable photographic condition is achieved among image sensors on the fly and a subsequent light-weighted computation method based on multiple images is employed to recover better images. The preliminary results show the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Targeting protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to the actin cytoskeleton: the neurabin I/PP1 complex regulates cell morphology.

Neurabin I, a neuronal actin-binding protein, binds protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p70S6K), both proteins implicated in cytoskeletal dynamics. We expressed wild-type and mutant neurabins fused to green fluorescent protein in Cos7, HEK293, and hippocampal neurons. Biochemical and cellular studies showed that an N-terminal F-actin-binding domain dictated neurabin I localization at actin cytoskeleton and promoted disassembly of stress fibers. Deletion of the C-terminal coiled-coil and sterile alpha motif domains abolished neurabin I dimerization and induced filopodium extension. Immune complex assays showed that neurabin I recruited an active PP1 via a PP1-docking sequence,457KIKF460. Mutation of the PP1-binding motif or PP1 inhibition by okadaic acid and calyculin A abolished filopodia and restored stress fibers in cells expressing neurabin I. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the actin-binding domain attenuated protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of neurabin I. Modification of a major PKA site, serine-461, impaired PP1 binding. Finally, p70S6K was excluded from neurabin I/PP1 complexes and required the displacement of PP1 for recruitment to neurabin I. These studies provided new insights into the assembly and regulation of a neurabin I/PP1 complex that controls actin rearrangement to promote spine development in mammalian neurons.
Multi-objective and probabilistic decision-making approaches to sustainable design and management of highway bridge decks

The aging and deterioration of highway bridges and the new requirements for sustainable infrastructures and communities require innovative approaches for their management that can achieve an adequate balance between social, economic and environmental sustainability. This paper presents a multi-objective decision-making approach for the sustainable design and management of highway bridge decks, which can consider several and conflicting objectives, such as the minimisation of owner's costs, users costs, and environmental impacts and uses goal setting and compromise programming to determine the satisficing and compromise solutions that yield the best trade-off between all competing objectives. The proposed approach is based on robust reliability-based mechanistic models of the deterioration and service life of reinforced concrete bridge decks, which include diffusion models for the prediction of chloride ingress into concrete and steel corrosion and thick-walled cylinder models for the prediction of stresse...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Inactivation: Decreased Cell Culturability, Adhesiveness to Surfaces, and Biofilm Thickness Upon High-Pressure Nonthermal Plasma Treatment

Bacterial biofilms are more resilient to standard killing methods than free-living bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms grown on borosilicate coupons were treated with gas-discharge plasma for various exposure times. Almost 100% of the cells were inactivated after a 5-min plasma exposure. Atomic force microscopy was used to image the biofilms and study their micromechanical properties. Results show that the adhesiveness to borosilicate and the thickness of the Pseudomonas biofilms are reduced upon plasma treatment.
The Nature of the Interaction of Genes Affecting Four Quantitative Characters in a Cross between Hordeum Deficiens and Hordeum Vulgare.

Page 401, line 19, for "noted as being" read "noted being." Page 402, in heading for "X2" read "X2
Soy Protein in the Management of Hyperlipidemia

OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of soy on blood lipids and to provide guidance on the clinical relevance of soy's health effects with respect to hyperlipidemia.DATA SOURCES:Clinical literature accessed through MEDLINE and EMBASE (1966–November 1999). Key search terms included soy, isoflavone, phytoestrogen, cholesterol, and blood lipids.DATA SYNTHESIS:A review of studies evaluating the effects of soy protein on blood lipids was undertaken. Soy may be an alternative for patients seeking modest reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<10%).CONCLUSIONS:Soy can improve blood lipid parameters in both normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic subjects, although the use of soy alone may not allow patients with hyperlipidemia to achieve target lipid parameters, as indicated by the National Cholesterol Education Program. Further study is warranted for the use of soy in combination with traditional hyperlipidemic medications.
Emerging Infectious Diseases in 2012: 20 Years after the Institute of Medicine Report

Twenty years ago (1992), a landmark Institute of Medicine report entitled "Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States" underscored the important but often underappreciated concept of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). A review of the progress made and setbacks experienced over the past 2 decades suggests that even though many new diseases have emerged, such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and the 2009 pandemic influenza, significant advances have occurred in EID control, prevention, and treatment. Among many elements of the increase in the capacity to control EIDs are genomics-associated advances in microbial detection and treatment, improved disease surveillance, and greater awareness of EIDs and the complicated variables that underlie emergence. In looking back over the past 20 years, it is apparent that we are in a time of great change in which both the challenge of EIDs and our responses to them are being transformed. Recent advances support guarded optimism that further breakthroughs lie ahead.
PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGICAL DISEASE

Although clinicians often worry about missing occult brain tumors in children with headaches, most pediatricians fortunately rarely, if ever, encounter such a child; however, all pediatricians routinely encounter children with three common pediatric neurosurgical disorders: (1) macrocrania, (2) the oddly shaped head, and (3) craniospinal developmental malformations (craniospinal dysraphism). These three entities prompt far more referrals to pediatric neurosurgeons and are emphasized in this article.
Uncritical inference making and intellectual functioning.

The relationship between uncritical inference making and intelligence has been uncertain. In the present study a group of 30 advanced undergraduate students were administered the Uncritical Inference Test and the Otis-Lennon Test of Mental Ability. A significant Pearson correlation of .52 indicates that this measure of intellectual functioning is associated with uncritical inference making. Further research needs to be conducted using standard intelligence measures of specific kinds of intellectual processes.
FR-HIT, a very fast program to recruit metagenomic reads to homologous reference genomes

Summary: Fragment recruitment, a process of aligning sequencing reads to reference genomes, is a crucial step in metagenomic data analysis. The available sequence alignment programs are either slow or insufficient for recruiting metagenomic reads. We implemented an efficient algorithm, FR-HIT, for fragment recruitment. We applied FR-HIT and several other tools including BLASTN, MegaBLAST, BLAT, LAST, SSAHA2, SOAP2, BWA and BWA-SW to recruit four metagenomic datasets from different type of sequencers. On average, FR-HIT and BLASTN recruited significantly more reads than other programs, while FR-HIT is about two orders of magnitude faster than BLASTN. FR-HIT is slower than the fastest SOAP2, BWA and BWA-SW, but it recruited 1–5 times more reads. Availability: http://weizhongli-lab.org/frhit. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nitric oxide exposure inhibits endothelial NOS activity but not gene expression : a role for superoxide

Recent studies have characterized a rebound pulmonary vasoconstriction with abrupt withdrawal of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) during therapy for pulmonary hypertension, suggesting that inhaled NO may ...
Volume Measurements of Normal Orbital Structures by Computed Tomographic Analysis

Computed tomographic digital data and special off-line computer graphic analysis were used to measure volumes of normal orbital soft tissue, extraocular muscle, orbital fat, and total bony orbit in vivo in 29 patients (58 orbits). The upper limits of normal for adult bony orbit, soft tissue exclusive of the globe, orbital fat, and muscle are 30.1 cm3, 20.0 cm3, 14.4 cm3, and 6.5 cm3, respectively. There are small differences in men as a group compared with women but minimal difference between right and left orbits in the same person. The accuracy of the techniques was established at 7%–8% for these orbit structural volumes in physical phantoms and in simulated silicone orbit phantoms in dry skulls. Mean values and upper limits of normal for volumes were determined in adult orbital structures for future comparison with changes due to endocrine ophthalmopathy, trauma, and congenital deformity.
Soft Impact Crashworthiness Analysis for a Jet Engine Forward Section

Bird strike damage in turbofan engines is a serious concern for commercial airlines and engine manufacturers. Novel engine designs, such as those utilizing advanced composite structures in the forward fan assembly, present many challenges in evaluating the crashworthiness of such designs due to the unknown dynamic response characteristics of their structural constituents. Evaluation of jet engines is currently reliant on physical tests which continue to rise in cost and scope as increasingly complex designs must undergo additional scrutiny. A tool is needed for evaluating engine designs that decreases reliance on physical tests. This paper presents the results of a study aim to develop a predictive methodology for evaluating bird strike damage in advanced propulsion systems. The initial degradation and failure of individual fan blades struck by a bird were investigated. Subsequent damage to other fan blades and engine components due to resultant violent fan assembly vibrations and fragmentation was also evaluated. Such methodology is invaluable to the process of design, development and certification of future advanced propulsion systems.
The use of acetazolamide during pregnancy in intracranial hypertension patients.

Background:Acetazolamide is the mainstay of medical therapy for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Its use in pregnant women has not been recommended because of reported teratogenic effects in rodents and rabbits. However, the safety of acetazolamide use during human pregnancy remains uncle
Study on Solution for Steam Temperature Deviation of 600MW Supercritical Tangential Firing Boiler

Excessive deviation of steam temperature of supercritical tangential firing boiler may leads to tubes damaged by overheating,which threatens the safety of the unit.The influence on steam temperature deviation(STD) was researched by experiment,of factors such as SOFA anti-tangential angle,SOFA flow and SOFA component.Finally,STD was controled below 5℃,which enhanced the economy and safety of the unit,and showed the way to solve similar problems for other units at the same time.