cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical guidance for spacecraft relative motion under constant thrust using relative orbit elements

Abstract Proximity control of modern nano-spacecraft often relies on low and discrete thrust engines that are characterized by low consumption, and generate on-off force profiles. New guidance solutions must take into account the nature of this type of orbital engines. This paper introduces novel analytical guidance solutions for spacecraft relative motion considering continuous, on-off thrust, and using relative orbit elements as a geometrical representation of the dynamics. The solutions provide the relative state vector at any given time, accommodating any thrust magnitude along the three directions of the relative frame, as well as generic activation times and durations. Relative orbit elements geometrically interpret key aspects of the relative motion, including for example, the relative ellipse size, and the evolution of its center in time. The new solutions provide the guidance designer with a direct visualization of the thrust effects on the relative motion geometry, offering new possibilities for analytical guidance in the presence of continuous thrust engines, such as low thrust engines on nano-spacecraft. The paper presents the analytical solutions, and tests their effectiveness using a sample thrust profile based on input-shaping, previously developed by one of the authors using classical Cartesian coordinates. The use of relative orbit elements shows substantial benefits and added simplicity with respect to Cartesian-based approaches, holding the promise for straightforward onboard spacecraft implementation. The software developed for this research will be available open source 1 , to be used by spacecraft guidance designers as trajectory design tool.
IMPROVED LONG TERM SURVIVAL WITH BETA BLOCKERS AFTER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: RESULTS FROM A COHORT OF 570 PATIENTS

Despite valve replacement for aortic valvular disorders, residual structural and functional changes in the LV myocardium are common with consequences similar to early stage heart failure. Hence, we hypothesized that beta blockers may confer a survival benefit in this population. Echocardiographic
Game-Theoretic Formulation of Power Dispatch With Guaranteed Convergence and Prioritized BestResponse

This paper formulates and solves the economic power dispatch (ED) problem with practical operation constraints using potential games. Each generator operates as an independent player in a self-optimizing manner with marginal contribution utility functions to minimize the total generation cost. The proposed distributed formulation converts inequality constraints into feasible action sets, incorporates equality constraints by penalty functions, and extends to practical cases that exhibit non-convex or non-smooth objective functions. Two learning algorithms with guaranteed convergence to Nash equilibria and/or optima are applied to solve the proposed formulation. How generators react as best responses to others is analyzed to capture the reasoning of operations. As a numerical example, the solutions obtained using the proposed ED method in a benchmark system are analyzed. Examples are provided to emphasize how priority for renewable sources are incorporated.
Origin of mutational effects at the C3 and G8 positions on hammerhead ribozyme catalysis from molecular dynamics simulations

A series of ten 60 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the native and mutated full length hammerhead ribozymes in the reactant state and in an activated precursor state (G8:2'OH deprotonated) are reported. Mutant simulations include the C3U, G8A, and G8I single mutants and a C3U/G8A double mutant that exhibits an experimental rescue effect. The results provide critical details into the origin of the observed mutation effects and support a mechanism where the 2'OH of G8 acts as a general acid catalyst that is held in position through Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding between G8 and C3.
The hydrocode convergence problem—part 2

Abstract In a previous paper a motion compactness theorem was proved for hydrocodes which are simple-conservative and solvable with solutions that are physically acceptable approximations. In this paper it is proved that the above-mentioned conditions are satisfied when the hydrocode scheme is CVNR (conservative modification of von Neumann and Richtmyer's method), the material obeys the ideal gas law, the initial data are physically acceptable, and the boundary values are such that the total volume and total energy remain constant. It follows from the motion compactness theorem that there exists a net of mesh refinements for which CVNR produces a sequentially compact net of approximations to the motion.
Optical properties of inhomogeneous composite materials

Abstract Using the condition that the forward scattering amplitude S(0) = 0, we extend the treatment of composite media to optical frequencies and to a model system of metal island spheres suspended in a dielectric. Our results are in good agreement with experimental data from cermets of Au in SiO2 for volume fractions from 10 to 80% Au in SiO2.
Increasing the efficiency of cancer chemotherapy with heparin: "clinical study".

Anticoagulation with heparin did not prevent tumor growth in man. Cancer chemotherapy became more effective when delivered to the patients after they became anticoagulated. Patients who had metastatic diseases and elevated plasma fibrinogen showed initial resistance to the anticoagulating effect of heparin.
Tunable Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) with High Dielectric Constant BCTZ Capacitors

This paper presents a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) where the resonant circuit consists of a high dielectric constant Ba0.96Ca0.04Ti0.84Zr0.16O3 (BCTZ) tunable capacitor and an inductor. The tunable capacitors are fabricated by spin-on MOD on SiO2/Si substrate with titanium/platinum as the bottom electrode and platinum as the top electrode. The tunability of the capacitors annealed at a temperature 800°C to 900°C is 35% for an applied voltage of ±3 volts. Low frequency VCOs built with discrete bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), MOSFETs, inductors and high dielectric tunable capacitors shows a frequency tuning range from 2.52 MHz to 2.32 MHz for an applied tuning voltage of −3 V to 0 V and for a power supply voltage of +3 V.
An environment for real-time urban simulation

Drawing from technologies developed for military flight simulation and virtual reality, a system for efficiently modeling and simulating urban environments has been implemented at UCLA. This system combines relatively simple 3-dimensional models (from a traditional CAD standpoint) with aerial photographs and street level video to create a realistic (down to plants, street signs and the graffiti on the walls) model of an urban neighborhood which can then be used for interactive fly and walk-through demonstrations.The Urban Simulator project is more than just the simulation software. It is a methodology which integrates existing systems such as CAD and GIS with visual simulation to facilitate the modeling, display, and evaluation of alternative proposed environments. It can be used to visualize neighborhoods as they currently exist and how they might appear after built intervention occurs. Or, the system can be used to simulate entirely new development.
Is the duration of poverty and unemployment a risk factor for heavy drinking

Research on the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on heavy drinking of alcohol has provided contradictory findings. A limitation of the literature is that studies have primarily measured SES at one point in time. Inspired by the life course perspective and sociological research on chronic stress, this study uses data from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979-1992 wave) to examine whether the duration of poverty and unemployment is a risk factor for heavy drinking. Results from logistic and ordinary least squares regression analyses demonstrate that longer durations of poverty and involuntary unemployment across a span of 13 years significantly predict being a heavy drinker and more frequent heavy drinking at ages 27-35 years. These effects are independent of gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, prior heavy drinking, and present SES. Overall, this study contributes to the literature that histories of poverty and involuntary unemployment have lasting effects on heavy drinking. More studies should use longitudinal data to explore the temporal dimension of SES.
Energy-efficient detection system in time-varying signal and noise power

In many detection applications with battery powered or energy-harvesting sensors, energy constraints preclude the use of the optimal detector all the time. Optimal energy-performance trade-off is therefore needed in such situations. In many applications, the signal and noise power may vary greatly over time, and this can be exploited to constrain energy consumption while maintaining the best possible performance. A detector scheduling algorithm based on the signal and noise power information is developed in this work. The resulting algorithm is simple due to its threshold-test structure and can be easily implemented with almost no overhead. A detection system with two detectors using the proposed scheduling scheme is estimated to greatly reduce the energy consumption for a wildlife monitoring application.
Diffusion of Pd adatoms and stability of Pd overlayers on the (011) surface of Pt.

Field-ion microscopy has been used to examine the migration of individual Pd atoms and the stability of Pd overlayers on the (011) surface of Pt. Pd atoms are found to migrate within the [01\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1] surface channels in the temperature range 207--235 K with an activation energy of 0.58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 eV. Cross-channel displacements are not observed. Clusters of Pd atoms on Pt (011) form stable (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) structures at temperatures below 300 K and do not reconstruct to the ``missing-row'' structure. Pd adatoms deposited on top of (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) Pd overlayers are found to diffuse in channel at a temperature of 167 K.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Verification and Inquiry Laboratories in Supporting Undergraduate Science Students in Constructing Arguments Around Socioscientific Issues

This quasi-experimental study uses a pre-/post-intervention approach to investigate the quality of undergraduate students’ arguments in the context of socioscientific issues (SSI) based on experiencing a semester of traditional ‘cookbook' instruction (N = 79) or a semester of argument-based instruction (N = 73) in the context of an undergraduate science laboratory course. Findings from this study indicate that the students experiencing the argument-based instruction generated significantly better arguments than students in the traditional course after the intervention. Specifically, the students in the treatment group were better able to include rationales in their arguments supporting their stance on the SSI task. Implications for instruction in undergraduate science laboratory courses, including the use of scientific argumentation as a means of enhancing science proficiency and science literacy, are discussed.
Secondhand learning from graduates of leadership development programs

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the impact leadership development program graduates had on their workgroup, the nature of that impact and how that impact occurred. Design/methodology/approach – This research was conducted at three sites using a qualitative interview methodology with thematic data analysis. Techniques to ensure trustworthiness included purposive sampling, triangulation of researchers, member checks and code checking. Findings – Analysis of the data revealed secondhand learning as specific changes in practices, behaviors and attitudes, transferred by program graduates to their peers and supervisors. The transfer of learning was described as both intentional and informal learning during episodes of varying duration, and occurred through a variety of dyadic and group interactions in a manner generally consistent with the 4I framework of organizational learning. Research limitations/implications – The study was limited to medical educators. Recommendations for supervisors and organization...
Caregiving and 5-HTTLPR Genotype Predict Adolescent Physiological Stress Reactivity: Confirmatory Tests of Gene × Environment Interactions.

A theory-driven confirmatory approach comparing diathesis–stress and differential susceptibility models of Gene × Environment (G × E) interactions was applied to examine whether 5-HTTLPR genotype moderated the effect of early maternal caregiving on autonomic nervous system (ANS) stress reactivity in 113 adolescents aged 13–17 years. Findings supported a differential susceptibility, rather than diathesis–stress, framework. Carriers of one or more 5-HTTLPR short alleles (SS/SL carriers) reporting higher quality caregiving exhibited approach ANS responses to a speech task, whereas those reporting lower quality caregiving exhibited withdrawal ANS responses. Carriers of two 5-HTTLPR long alleles (LL carriers) were unaffected by caregiving. Findings suggest that 5-HTTLPR genotype and early caregiving in interaction are associated with ANS stress reactivity in adolescents in a “for better and for worse” fashion, and they demonstrate the promise of confirmatory methods for testing G × E interactions.
Bile Salts for the Treatment of Heart Failure

In 1984, Warren and Marshall ([1][1]) presented indirect evidence of a putative microbial etiology for peptic ulcer disease. In the decades to follow, >37,000 scholarly articles have been published on Helicobacter pylori ([2][2]). Unlike the discovery of the role of H pylori in peptic ulcer disease
Isobaric thermal expansivity of liquids

An expression for the isobaric thermal expansivity of a liquid is derived from an expression for the density of a liquid coexisting in equilibrium with its vapor. The thermal expansivity takes on a particularly simple universal form at low temperatures, \ensuremath{\beta}${T}_{c}$=K(t), where \ensuremath{\beta} is the volume thermal expansivity of the liquid, ${T}_{c}$ its critical temperature, and K(t) a universal function of the reduced temperature t [=(${T}_{c}$-T)/${T}_{c}$].
The "New Political Economy": Recent Books by Allen Drazen and by Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini

The last fifteen years have seen an explosion of contributions in the field of political economy. Two new books, Political Economy in Macroeconomics by Allan Drazen and Political Economy: Explaining Economic Policy by Torsten Persson and Guido Tabellini, organize this literature and evaluate what has been learned. Drazen mostly focuses on applications for macroeconomic policy, while Persson and Tabellini focus on the various tools that can be used to analyze the political process, and the institutional details of decision-making.
Electrostatic dispersion of homopolar charged aerosols

The coefficient of electrostatic dispersion, E, within a homopolar charged aerosol was determined from its decrease in concentration before and after flowing through a glass tube. Measurements are based on the decay law dndt = −En2. Over a particle size range from 0.02 to 0.13 μm and for particles carrying mostly one positive elementary charge, E was found to agree with theory within about 10%. Aerosol concentrations of typically 106 cm−3 were determined from the total airborne charge, thus excluding coagulation from the measurements. Wall losses in the glass tube by diffusion and sedimentation were taken into account. Electrostatic dispersion theory is reviewed and compared in magnitude with Brownian coagulation.
A compact CMOS biochip immunosensor towards the detection of a single bacteria

Recent use of biological warfare (BW) agents has led to a growing interest in the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens. Therefore, the development of field-usable detection devices for sensitive and selective detection of BW agents is an important issue. In this work, we report a portable biochip system based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology that has great potential as a device for single-bacteria detection. The possibility of single-bacteria detection is reported using an immunoassay coupled to laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Bacillus globigii spores, which are a surrogate species for B. anthracis spores, were used as the test sample. Enzymatic amplification following immunocomplex formation allowed remarkably sensitive detection of B. globigii spores, and could preclude a complicated optical and instrumental system usually required for high-sensitive detection. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to investigate whether B. globigii spores detected in the portable biochip system exist in single-cell or multicellular form. It was found that B. globigii spores mostly exist in multicellular form with a small minority of single-cell form. The results showed that the portable biochip system has great potential as a device for single-particle or possibly even single-organism detection.
ON THE WIND-DRIVEN OCEAN CIRCULATION

Abstract Streamlines of oceanic mass transport are derived from solutions to a vertically integrated vorticity equation which relates planetary vorticity, lateral stress curl, and the curl of the stress exerted by the winds on the sea surface. These solutions account for many of the gross features of the general ocean circulation, and some of its details, on the basis of the observed mean annual winds. The solution for zonal winds (section 3) gives the main gyres of the ocean circulation. The northern and southern boundaries of these gyres are the west wind drift, the equatorial currents, and equatorial counter-current. They are determined by the westerly winds, the trades, and the doldrums, respectively. For each gyre the solution gives the following observed features (from west to east): a concentrated current (e.g., the Gulf Stream), a countercurrent, boundary vortices (the Sargasso Sea), and a steady compensating drift. Using mean Atlantic zonal winds, the solution yields a transport for the Gulf Stre...
Stochastic programming in process synthesis: A two-stage model with MINLP recourse for multiperiod heat-integrated distillation sequences

Abstract This paper presents a two-stage stochastic programming approach with MINLP recourse for the synthesis problem of heat integrated distillation sequences that can handle prespecified changes in the composition and/or flowrate of the multicomponent feed to the separation system for a finite number of periods of operation. A new synthesis strategy is proposed that combines the aspects of a superstructure approach with a partitioning of the design variables into two classes: structural and periodic. Structural design variables comprise the fixed elements of a design that are common to all operating conditions, while the periodic design variables are adjustable quantities that can be changed for optimal operation in each period. The synthesis strategy identifies the optimal separation sequence and selection of heat exchanger units that can accommodate the different periods of operation. In addition, for each selected unit, the approach provides simultaneous optimization of the column press ure, reflux ratio, number of trays, diameter and heat integration/exchange matches. The column pressure, reflux, number of trays and diameter are treated explicitly as continuous variables in the model. The mathematical formulation that results is a large-scale mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The structure of the problem can be exploited by viewing the multiperiod design problem as a two-stage stochastic programming problem with the feed composition and flowrate as the uncertain parameters. The different periods of operation provide the discretization of the uncertainty and the multiple scenarios of operation have (MINLP) recourse. A nested solution procedure is detailed that combines the Generalized Benders Decomposition and the Outer Approximation/Equality Relaxation algorithms. Emphasis is given to the application of this type of approach to the general synthesis problem and its potential for extension to design problems under uncertainty and/or flexibility requirements. Application of the approach is illustrated through an example problem.
Possible dopaminergic stimulation of locus coeruleus α1‐adrenoceptors involved in behavioral activation

alpha(1)-Adrenoceptors of the locus coeruleus (LC) have been implicated in behavioral activation in novel surroundings, but the endogenous agonist that activates these receptors has not been established. In addition to the canonical activation of alpha(1)-receptors by norepinephrine (NE), there is evidence that dopamine (DA) may also activate certain brain alpha(1)-receptors. This study examined the contribution of DA to exploratory activity in a novel cage by determining the effect of infusion of various dopaminergic and adrenergic drugs into the mouse LC. It was found that the D2/D3 agonist, quinpirole, which selectively blocks the release of CNS DA, produced a dose-dependent and virtually complete abolition of exploration and all movement in the novel cage test. The quinpirole-induced inactivity was significantly attenuated by coinfusion of DA but not by the D1 agonist, SKF38390. Furthermore, the DA attenuation of quinpirole inactivity was blocked by coinfusion of the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist, terazosin, but not by the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390. LC infusions of either quinpirole or terazosin also produced profound inactivity in DA-beta-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh -/-) mice that lack NE, indicating that their behavioral effects were not due to an alteration of the release or action of LC NE. Measurement of endogenous DA, NE, and 5HT and their metabolites in the LC during exposure to the novel cage indicated an increase in the turnover of DA and NE but not 5HT. These results indicate that DA is a candidate as an endogenous agonist for behaviorally activating LC alpha(1)-receptors and may play a role in the activation of this nucleus by novel surroundings.
In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of the Regeneration of Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfate from Ammonium Sulfate

The generation of ammonium hydrogen sulfate from ammonium sulfate is of current interest because of its potential as a process component of bio-based organic acid production from biomass. An organic acid, for example succinic acid, is a chemical product that is used in food, cosmetics, deicing applications, etc. and a potential key carbon building block for numerous other materials. Its production from biomass (corn, etc.) makes it a renewable chemical resource, and the regeneration process described here minimizes the use of additional acid and base value reagents and byproduct (low value salt) waste. In the present work ammonium hydrogen sulfate (acid) and ammonia (base) were regenerated from ammonium sulfate using a thermal cracking method. Raman spectroscopy was used for primary analysis of the ammonium hydrogen sulfate product formed to determine the optimal reaction rate (80 °C/min) and to study the role of ammonium pyrosulfate in this reaction.
Modular automation in PET tracer manufacturing: Application of an autosynthesizer to the production of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose

A compact autosynthesizer was developed and used successfully for the production of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose [18FDG] from gaseous acetyl hypo[18F]fluorite. The autosynthesizer performs a sequence of general purpose synthesis procedures named Synthesis Unit Operations (SUO's). Each SUO is controlled through execution of a digital control algorithm with a BASIC language subroutine. This automatic synthesis system is based on two industry standard microcomputer architectures, the IBM PC and STD Bus, and it becomes a component of an evolving distributed microprocessor network of task-dedicated subsystems suitable for automated manufacturing of several useful radiotracers. The yield of 18FDG product using the autosynthesizer and remote manually controlled purification procedures is approximately 20% EOB. Radiochemical purity of this product as measured by thin layer chromatography was 96-99%. Chemical purity of the product was measured to be approximately 96%. 2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-D-mannose impurity from this method was determined to be approximately 4%.
Diagnosis of Celiac Artery In‐Stent Thrombosis by Transesophageal Echocardiography

We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with severe peripheral arterial disease presenting with celiac artery in-stent thrombosis diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Routine assessment of the visceral arteries is not performed in most TEE studies. A review of the literature shows that the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries can be successfully visualized during transgastric views of the abdominal aorta. We propose that two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography have several intrinsic advantages over computed tomography, magnetic resonance angiography and catheterization when assessing aortic and visceral arterial pathology.
The BP Oil Spill and the Adherence to Reductionist Principles: Moving Toward a Precautionary Tomorrow

The ability to successfully extract fossil fuels and mitigate the potential for social, economic, ecological and health-related impacts is of great importance. In April of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico with 11 known fatalities. The disaster left the USA pressed to find a solution to solve the community health and safety issues associated with the offshore petroleum extraction industry in a policy and regulatory environment based on the reductionist perspective. However, in order to begin to address these issues, the regulatory environment must change their perspective to a precautionary one. This paper uses the BP oil spill as an example of what can happen when society continues to hold to reductionist principles, and advocates for a shift in thinking toward the precautionary perspective.
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate protein and mRNA in bovine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle.

The bovine corpus luteum contains a myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein known to crosslink actin filaments in the cytoskeletal cortex associated with the plasma membrane. We conducted experiments to determine whether concentrations of MARCKS mRNA and protein in the bovine corpus luteum varied during theestrous cycle. Using Northern blots probed with a MARCKS cDNA, we found that luteal concentrations of MARCKS mRNA were greatest on d 4, 8, and 12 and markedly reduced on d 16 of the cycle (p<0.08). Similarly, Western blot analysis of luteal proteins revealed that concentrations of MARCKS protein were greatest on d 8 and least on d 16 of the cycle (p<0.01). Exposure of slices from a d 8 corpus luteum to prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) during a 10-min incubation in the presence of [32P]-orthophosphate resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of MARCKS in membrane and cytosolic fractions compared to that of controls. We therefore concluded that expression of the luteal MARCKS protein gene may be regulated and that PGF2α-induced phosphorylation of this protein is attributable to activation of protein kinase C.
The Application of High Energy Physics Techniques in Medical Research

The Medical and Biophysical Sciences have often made use of technical developments in the Physical Sciences. High Energy Physics has made its contributions in recent years by bringing the use of scintillation and solid state detectors in trace element detection and in gamma imaging. More recently, the use of position sensitive detectors such as Multi-wire Proportional Chambers (MWPC) has been introduced into Medical and Biophysical Research. In this paper we cover some of the applications of MWPC to problems in Medical Imaging of X-rays and ? rays, Neutron Radiography and X-ray Crystallography of complex organic molecules. The fact that these devices can be used to produce digitized information as well as analog image displays makes them very useful for 3-dimensional Reconstruction of Radioisotope Images. Details of the construction and associated electronics of MWPC are covered.
Lead-210 in animal and human bone: A new analytical method☆

Lead-210 delivers the highest radiation dose to the skeleton of any naturally occurring radionuclide. A robust analytical method for the accurate determination of its concentration in bone was developed which minimizes the use of hazardous chemicals. Dry-ashing experiments showed that no substantial loss of [sup 210]Pb occurred at [le]700[degrees]C. Additional experiments showed that no loss of [sup 222]Rn occurred from dry-ashed bone. Ashed human-bone samples from three US regional areas were analyzed for [sup 210]Pb and [sup 226]Ra using the new method. 9 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Multidetector CT was noninferior to multidetector CT plus venous ultrasonography of the leg for excluding PE

Source Citation Righini M, Le Gal G, Aujesky D, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by multidetector CT alone or combined with venous ultrasonography of the leg: a randomised non-inferiority tri...
Kinetics of precipitation of ferric dibutylphosphate from aqueous HNO3 solutions

The kinetics of the precipitation of iron(III) dibutylphosphate in 1, 3, and 5 M HNO3 were studied at an initial Fe3+ concentration of 231 mg/l. (4·14 mM) and at initial dibutylphosphoric acid (HDBP) concentrations of 3·06 and 1·53 g/l. (14·56 and 7·28 mM). The experimental data on Fe3+ concentration (C, moles/l.) were used to obtain the nonlinear parameters of the integrated form of the rate equation. dC/dt = - k (C - SFe)n. This equation is obtained from a more general expression of the form dC/dt = -kk′(C - SFe)p(CD-SD)q, where CD and SD are, respectively, instantaneous and final (i.e. its solubility) concentrations of dibutylphosphate and SFe is the final (solubility) concentration of Fe3+. The assumed reaction, Fe3++3 HDBP ⇌Fe (DBP)3+3H+, appears to have a combined order n(=p+q) of approximately 2; the rate constant (k) is of the order of 10−3−10−2 when time is expressed in minutes. The value of the solubility product increases from about 2 × 10−13 to 2 × 10−12 (moles/l.)4 as the nitric acid concentration increases from 1 to 5 M.
(5S,6R)-5-Methyl-6-phenyl-4-propyl-1,3,4-oxadiazinane-2-thione.

The title mol­ecule, C13H18N2OS, is an oxadiazinanthione derived from (1R,2S)-norephedrine. There are two molecules in the asymmetric. Both adopt roughly half-chair conformations; however, the 5-position carbon orients out of opposite faces of the oxadiazinanthiones plane in the two molecules. In the crystal structure, they are oriented as a dimer linked by a pair of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds. The absolute configuration has been established from anomalous dispersion and confirms the known stereochemistry based on the synthetic procedure.
Material characteristics and residual bond properties of organic and inorganic resins for CFRP composites in thermal exposure

Abstract This paper presents the residual characteristics of organic and inorganic resins for structural retrofit using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites exposed to thermal stress states. A three-phase experimental program is carried out to study the behavior of the inorganic resin, CFRP composites, and resin-concrete interface at elevated temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 200 °C. The properties of the inorganic resin demonstrate strong dependency on curing time and are influenced by the degree of temperature exposure. CFRP composites show a decrease in strength and modulus with an increasing temperature due to the degradation of bond between the fibers and resin. The inorganic resin exhibits better thermal stability than the organic resin, whereas the former illustrates a lower strength than the latter because of insufficient stress-transfer. The composites have failed abruptly, regardless of resin types. The interfacial fracture energy of the resins is reduced with temperature, including the deteriorated morphology of the interface between the concrete substrate and the resin.
Antialiasing spatial scalable subband/wavelet coding using H.264/AVC

This paper presents a new algorithm for reducing aliasing artifacts related to the conventional spatial scalable subband/wavelet coding for recovering video at lower resolution. The proposed scheme has been fully integrated with the H.264/AVC JSVM reference software and experimentally evaluated against the conventional methods for intraframe spatial scalable video coding. The simulation results show our method can effectively remove the aliasing artifacts for scalable decoding at lower resolution without performance penalty at full resolution.
Reduced-order compensation - Linear-quadratic reduction versus optimal projection

Six methods for design of reduced-order compensation are compared using an example problem. The methods considered comprise five linear-quadratic reduction techniques, reviewed in a recent paper by Liu and Anderson, and the Optimal Projection theory as implemented via a simple homotopy solution algorithm. Design results obtained by the different methods for 42 different design cases are compared with respect to closed-loop stability and transient response characteristics. Of the linear-quadratic reduction procedures, two are found to offer distinctly superior performance. However, only the Optimal Projection method provided stable designs in all cases. Further details are given on the performance of the numerical algorithm for solving the optimal projection equations and the corresponding design results.
Stability of N-glycosidic bond of (5′ S)-8,5′-Cyclo-2′- deoxyguanosine

8,5′-Cyclopurine deoxynucleosides are unique tandem lesions containing an additional covalent bond between the base and the sugar. These mutagenic and genotoxic lesions are repaired only by nucleotide excision repair. The N-glycosidic (or C1′-N9) bond of 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG) derivatives is usually susceptible to acid hydrolysis, but even after cleavage of this bond of the cyclopurine lesions, the base would remain attached to the sugar. Here, the stability of the N-glycosidic bond and the products formed by formic acid hydrolysis of (5′S)-8,5′-cyclo-2′-deoxyguanosine (S-cdG) were investigated. For comparison, the stability of the N-glycosidic bond of 8,5′-cyclo-2′,5′-dideoxyguanosine (ddcdG), 8-methyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-Me-dG), 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-Oxo-dG), and dG was also studied. In various acid conditions, S-cdG and ddcdG exhibited similar stability to hydrolysis. Likewise, 8-Me-dG and dG showed comparable stability, but the half-lives of the cyclic dG lesions were at least 5-fold...
Calcium-dependent phosphorylation of specific synaptosomal fraction proteins: Possible role of phosphoproteins in mediating neurotransmitter release

Abstract Calcium ions caused a marked increase in the level of endogenous phosphorylation of specific proteins from synaptosomal fractions prepared from rat cerebral cortex. The levels of phosphorylation of these specific proteins were dependent upon the presence of calcium and regulated by small changes in the concenrration of calcium ions. The effect of calcium was independent of ATP concentration over a wide range of concentrations. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that some of the effects of calcium on synaptic transmission might be mediated by the effect of calcium on the phosphorylation of specific synaptosomal proteins.
Stereochemistry as a probe for photochemical reaction mechanisms

Abstract In this publication we have reviewed examples derived from our photochemical investigations where stereochemistry provides information allowing elucidation of the mechanistic details of electronically excited state transformations. The reactions discussed include unimolecular rearrangements of both singlet and triplet excited state species.
The E802 aerogel Cherenkov detector

Abstract A highly segmented aerogel Cherenkov detector has been designed and constructed for use in measurements of inclusive and semi-exclusive particle production in 15 GeV/c per nucleon nucleus-nucleus collisions. The counter consists of 96 separate cells of refractive index n = 1.02 aerogel. A diffusion box is utilized to transport the Cherenkov light to 5 in. phototubes. Light yields in excess of 8 photoelectrons have been obtained.
On the intrinsic entropy of the gravitational field

I show that in linearized general relativity it is impossible to construct a detector by the use of which the quantum state of the linearized gravitational field could be reliably determined. This is because there is no material satisfying the positive energy condition which can serve as a good conductor or absorber of gravitational radiation over a finite range of frequencies. If this property is true of the full theory then one can conclude that a certain proportion of both the energy and information carried by a gravitational wave is irreversibly lost, and that there is a correspondingintrinsic entropy associated with any distribution of gravitational radiation.
A cultural theory of expenditure growth and (Un)balanced budgets

Abstract Why does public spending grow? Because, the literature tells us, nations are rich, because they are poor, because their economies are open, because their economies are closed, because there is consensus, because there is conflict. If all roads lead to Rome, I suggest, that may be because it is the destination not the detours that matter. So I ask a different question: Which political cultures — shared values legitimating social practices — would reject ever-greater governmental growth and which ones would perpetuate it? My hypothesis is that the size of government in any given society is a function (consequence, if you prefer) of its combination of political cultures. The theory also explains the tendencies of political regimes to balance or unbalance their budgets.
Antibody responses to prostate-associated antigens in patients with prostatitis and prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND An important focus of tumor immunotherapy has been the identification of appropriate antigenic targets. Serum-based screening approaches have led to the discovery of hundreds of tumor-associated antigens recognized by IgG. Our efforts to identify immunologically recognized proteins in prostate cancer have yielded a multitude of antigens; however, prioritizing these antigens as targets for evaluation in immunotherapies has been challenging. In this report, we set out to determine whether the evaluation of multiple antigenic targets would allow the identification of a subset of antigens that are common immunologic targets in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS Using a phage immunoblot approach, we evaluated IgG responses in patients with prostate cancer (n = 126), patients with chronic prostatitis (n = 45), and men without prostate disease (n = 53). RESULTS We found that patients with prostate cancer or prostatitis have IgG specific for multiple common antigens. A subset of 23 proteins was identified to which IgG were detected in 38% of patients with prostate cancer and 33% patients with prostatitis versus 6% of controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Responses to multiple members were not higher in patients with advanced disease, suggesting antibody immune responses occur early in the natural history of cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an association between inflammatory conditions of the prostate and prostate cancer, and suggest that IgG responses to a panel of commonly recognized prostate antigens could be potentially used in the identification of patients at risk for prostate cancer or as a tool to identify immune responses elicited to prostate tissue. Prostate 71: 134–146, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enhancement of frequency judgments by response choice

Four classes of mixed fifth- and sixth-grade students selected the more positive word of 36 word pairs, in each of which a negative-word foil was present with the positive word, and simply copied 36 equally positive words when the words were presented singly. All subjects were then given a forced-choice frequency-judgment test in which they selected the more frequent of the two matched positive words, one in each pair having been shown with a negative-word foil and one having been shown singly and copied. All positive words tested together had actually been shown equally often (one, three, or five times). In both experimental groups, reliably more students selected more of the words that had been paired with the foils, and that presumably had received some degree of “reinforcement,” but there were no differences between the two experimental groups. These results are seen as somewhat unusual in two respects. First, they indicate the sensitivity of the noneffortful frequency-judgment function to certain orthodox experimental manipulations. Second, they suggest some role for a strength factor in the interpretation of frequency processing.
Use Of Intelligent Assignment To Medicare Part D Plans For People With Schizophrenia Could Produce Substantial Savings

Medicare insures about half of the people in the United States diagnosed with schizophrenia. More than 90 percent of these beneficiaries are eligible for a low-income subsidy for their Part D prescription drug benefit, and the great majority of them are randomly assigned to a stand-alone drug plan. We simulated savings from replacing random assignment with an "intelligent assignment" algorithm that would assign beneficiaries to the least expensive plan in 2010 based on their drug usage in the previous year. Doing so generated projected annual drug savings of $379 per dual-eligible (those enrolled in both Medicaid and Medicare) beneficiary with a low-income subsidy; $404 per non-dual eligible with the subsidy; and $604 per beneficiary for those without the subsidy who chose their own plans. This translates into savings of $466 per beneficiary with schizophrenia. Intelligent assignment could have saved about $150 million for Medicare and beneficiaries with schizophrenia combined in 2010. We recommend that Medicare use intelligent assignment as the default approach for all beneficiaries with schizophrenia who receive a low-income subsidy, and consider it as an option for all Part D beneficiaries, regardless of their income.
Action of luteinizing hormone on conversion of ovarian chlolesterol stores to steroids secreted in vitro and synthesized in vitro by the pseudopregnant rabiit ovary

Abstract The stimulatory action of luteinizing hormone (LH) upon ovarian steroidogenesis in vivo and in vitro has been investigated in pseudopregnant rabbits in which labelling of ovarian cholesterol has been accomplished by prior intravenous injection of cholesterol-7-3H or cholesterol-4-14C. Intravenous administration of LH was followed within minutes by 4 to 20-fold increases in secrtion rate of 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one, accompanied by 4 to 13-fold increases in rate of appearance of the radioactivity in this steroid isolated from ovarian venous plasma. Rates of in vitro synthesis of 20α hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one and of 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one-3H or 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one-14C by slices of ovarian interstitial tissue were similarly increased by intravenous injection of LH 30–70 minutes before removal of ovaries for incubation, or by addition of LH directly to the incubation medium. Addition of NADP plus glucose-6-phosphate or NADPH to the incubation medium produced less marked stimulation of steroidogenesis, as compared by both mass and incorporated of radioactivity. It is concluded that LH stimulates synthesis and secretion of 2ga-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one in ovarian interstitial tissue of rabbits primarily by accelerating the conversion of pre-formed cholesterol to steroid secretory products.
Parenting attitudes, foster parenting attitudes, and motivations of adoptive and nonadoptive foster parent trainees

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes and motivations of adoptive and nonadoptive foster parent trainees toward parenting and foster parenting. Subjects were 44 adoptive female participants and 149 nonadoptive female trainees. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance revealed significant differences between adoptive and nonadoptive trainees in parenting attitudes, foster parenting attitudes, and motivations for foster parenting. Inspection of adjusted means indicated that adoptive trainees had more positive attitudes toward parenting than nonadoptive trainees on three parenting dimensions: inappropriate parental expectations of children, parental value of physical punishment, and lack of empathy toward children's needs. Nonadoptive trainees had more positive attitudes toward parenting than adoptive trainees on parent-child role reversal. Inspection of adjusted means for foster parenting attitudes revealed that adoptive trainees identified more with the role of foster parenting than did nonadoptive trainees, although nonadoptive trainees had higher scores on foster parenting expectations than adoptive trainees. Inspection of adjusted means for motivations indicated that adoptive trainees were more motivated than nonadoptive trainees in four areas: rescuing a child, companionship for adult, replacing grown children, and companionship for own child. Nonadoptive trainees were more motivated by financial gain. One implication of these findings is that these two groups may require different training curricula.
Insights into the architecture of the eIF2Bα/β/δ regulatory subcomplex.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B), the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the G-protein eIF2, is one of the main targets for the regulation of protein synthesis. The eIF2B activity is inhibited in response to a wide range of stress factors and diseases, including viral infections, hypoxia, nutrient starvation, and heme deficiency, collectively known as the integrated stress response. eIF2B has five subunits (α–e). The α, β, and δ subunits are homologous to each other and form the eIF2B regulatory subcomplex, which is believed to be a trimer consisting of monomeric α, β, and δ subunits. Here we use a combination of biophysical methods, site-directed mutagenesis, and bioinformatics to show that the human eIF2Bα subunit is in fact a homodimer, at odds with the current trimeric model for the eIF2Bα/β/δ regulatory complex. eIF2Bα dimerizes using the same interface that is found in the homodimeric archaeal eIF2Bα/β/δ homolog aIF2B and related metabolic enzymes. We also present evidence tha...
The Metaphysics of Time Reversal: Hutchison on Classical Mechanics

L'A. rejette l'objection de K. Hutchison selon laquelle la mecanique classique n'est pas invariante a l'inversion du temps (TRI). L'A. defend l'existence d'un critere permettant de distinguer entre les forces phenomenales dissipatives et les forces non-conservatrices qui dependent du temps telles que la friction