cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for ‘motionese’: modifications in mothers’ infant-directed action

We investigated the possibility that mothers modify their infant-directed actions in ways that might assist infants’ processing of human action. In a between-subjects design, 51 mothers demonstrated the properties of five novel objects either to their infant (age 6‐8 months or 11‐13 months) or to an adult partner. As predicted, demonstrations to infants were higher in interactiveness, enthusiasm, proximity to partner, range of motion, repetitiveness and simplicity, indicating that mothers indeed modify their infant-directed actions in ways that likely maintain infants’ attention and highlight the structure and meaning of action. The findings demonstrate that ‘motherese’ is broader in scope than previously recognized, including modifications to action as well as language. As people pursue their goals and intentions in the world, they produce complex streams of motion involving a diverse array of objects. As observers of such everyday action, simply perceiving and identifying the objects involved is a remarkable accomplishment, as is recognizing motion as resulting from an entity’s movement independent of ourselves (Palmer, 1999). Yet we readily achieve an analysis of others’ actions that goes well beyond such fundamental issues. We detect relevant structure within the flow of motion, note where one action ends and the next begins, and identify the psychological forces motivating the actor’s specific patterns of movement. How we achieve all this remains as yet largely unanswered. Any account ultimately offered for these crucial action analysis skills will need to explain, among other things, how infants and young children acquire these skills. In this article, we consider the possibility that infants receive some assistance from adults as they begin acquiring skills for processing and interpreting complex, everyday action. In particular, we suggest that when interacting with infants, adults modify their movements in ways that simultaneously enhance infants’ attention to action 1 and highlight meaningful units within the flow
Evolutionary Clustering by Hierarchical Dirichlet Process with Hidden Markov State

This paper studies evolutionary clustering, which is a recently hot topic with many important applications, noticeably in social network analysis. In this paper, based on the recent literature on Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM), we have developed a statistical model HDP-HTM that combines HDP with a Hierarchical Transition Matrix (HTM) based on the proposed Infinite Hierarchical Hidden Markov State model (iH2MS) as an effective solution to this problem. The HDP-HTM model substantially advances the literature on evolutionary clustering in the sense that not only it performs better than the existing literature, but more importantly it is capable of automatically learning the cluster numbers and structures and at the same time explicitly addresses the correspondence issue during the evolution. Extensive evaluations have demonstrated the effectiveness and promise of this solution against the state-of-the-art literature.
Impact of a reduced winter snowpack on litter arthropod abundance and diversity in a northern hardwood forest ecosystem

Projected changes in climate for the northeastern USA over the next 100 years include a reduction in the depth and duration of the winter snowpack, which could affect soil temperatures and frost regimes. We conducted a snow-removal experiment in a northern hardwood forest at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in central New Hampshire over 2 years to induce soil freezing and evaluate its effect on the abundance, richness, and diversity of soil arthropods during the growing season. Snow removal at the beginning of winter increased the depth and duration of soil frost, decreased soil temperatures, and led to a reduced abundance of some arthropod taxa, including Araneae (reduced by 57%; P=0.0001), Pseudoscorpionida (75%; P<0.0001), Hymenoptera (57%; P=0.0033), Collembola (24%; P=0.0019), adult Coleoptera (23%; P=0.0057), and larval Diptera (33%; P<0.0001) and an increase in other taxa, including Hemiptera (increased by 7%; P=0.032). Taxa that did not respond significantly to snow removal included Chilopoda (P=0.55), Acari (P=0.66), Diplopoda (P=0.66), adult Diptera (P=0.54), and larval Coleoptera (P=0.39). A delayed snowpack over two winters also resulted in decreased arthropod richness by 30% (P<0.0001) and Simpson's index of diversity by 22% (P=0.0002) during the two subsequent growing seasons. Results of this study demonstrate that predicted changes in the winter snowpack and depth and duration of soil frost may reduce the abundance and alter the community composition of arthropods living in the forest floor of northern hardwood forests, which could have implications for the structure and function of northern forest ecosystems.
Improving student achievement in math and science

The future of maths and science school teaching in the United States is considered. Three "Partnership" projects represent collaborative efforts between Xavier University (XU) of Louisiana, Southern University of New Orleans (SUNG), Mississippi Valley State University (MVSU), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Stennis Space Center (SSC), to enhance student achievement in math and science. These "Partnerships" are focused on students and teachers in federally designated rural empowerment zones and urban enterprise communities. XU and SUNG are located in New Orleans, Louisiana which is designated as an urban enterprise community. The potential for reaching at-risk students is almost unlimited. These partnerships provide this student population with needed opportunities to encourage self-improvement and assist them in discovering their talents, recognizing their potential and challenging their ability for achievement at a very early stage. MSVU, Itta Bena, MS, is located in the Mississippi Delta, which is designated as a Rural Empowerment Zone. The Delta is primarily a rural agricultural farming region, producing crops such as catfish, cotton, soybeans, and corn. Students in this region historically perform poorly on standardized math and science tests. Teachers in this area have limited classroom resources but have been expected to face the difficult task of developing innovative methods for reaching these students. The general population served by these universities is socially and economically disadvantaged.
Identification of mouse brain proteins associated with isoform 3 of metallothionein

Using immunological approaches and mass spectrometry, five proteins associated with metallothionein-3 in mouse brains have been identified. Metallothionein-3 and associated proteins were isolated using immunoaffinity chromatography over immobilized anti-mouse brain MT3 antibody. Proteins in the recovered pool were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and distinct bands were excised and the proteins digested using trypsin. Peptides were extracted and analyzed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Initial identification was done comparing the identified peptide mass:charge ratios to the MASCOT database. Confirmation of proteins was accomplished by sequencing of selected peptides using tandem mass spectrometry and comparison to the MASCOT database. The proteins were heat-shock protein 84 (mouse variant of heat-shock protein 90), heat-shock protein 70, dihydropyrimidinase-like protein 2, creatine kinase, and β actin. Independently using antibodies against metallothionein-3, creatine kinase, and heat-shock protein 84 showed that all three proteins were coimmunoprecipitated from whole mouse brain homogenates with each of the three antibodies. Mixing purified samples of metallothionein and human brain creatine kinase also generated a complex that could be immunoprecipitated either by anti-metallothionein-3 or anticreatine kinase antibody. These data are consistent with metallothionein-3 being present in the mouse brain as part of a multiprotein complex providing new functional information for understanding the role of metallothionein-3 in neuronal physiology.
AN INTRODUCTION TO CONTACT LINGUISTICS

AN INTRODUCTION TO CONTACT LINGUISTICS. Donald Winford. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. Pp. xvii + 416. 38.95 paper.Winford begins with a thorough review of the literature on language contact and an outline of the areas of dispute—for instance, challenges to the family tree view of language change and the resistance of many to accept explanations for change that are not internally motivated. He believes that more debate is necessary concerning the degree of language mixing in all languages and laments the continued belief held by some historical linguists that contact-induced change plays little—if any—role in change.
Consequences of avoiding β-lactams in patients with β-lactam allergies

Background The choice of empiric antibiotics for the treatment of gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients presenting with a β-lactam (BL) allergy is often a difficult decision given that these agents are first-line treatment in many guidelines. Objective We sought to compare rates of clinical failure between patients with a history of BL allergy who received either a BL or a non–β-lactam (NBL). Methods Adult patients with a past medical history of BL allergy and receipt of antibiotics for treatment of a GNB BSI were included from 3 academic medical centers. Treatment groups were classified as BL or NBL groups based on the empiric antibiotics received. Clinical failure was assessed 72 to 96 hours after initiation of empiric antibiotics. Hypersensitivity reactions during receipt of antibiotic therapy for the index BSI were recorded. Results A total of 552 patients were included for analysis: 433 patients in the BL group and 119 patients in the NBL group. Clinical failure was higher in the NBL group compared with the BL group (38.7% vs 27.4%, P = .030). The most common cause of clinical failure was a temperature of greater than 38.0°C 72 to 96 hours after receipt of empiric antibiotics (NBL group: 22.7% vs BL group: 13.9%, P = .016). Hypersensitivity occurred in 16 (2.9%) of 552 patients. Thirteen (2.5%) of 552 patients experiencing hypersensitivity reactions were exposed to a BL during treatment for GNB BSI. Conclusion Among patients with a BL allergy, use of BL antibiotics is associated with a lower rate of clinical failure. The low rate of hypersensitivity provides further evidence about the risk of cross-reactivity between BL classes. These results support the practice of using a BL from an alternative class for patients in need of gram-negative antibiotic coverage.
Copper nanoparticles generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) after air delivery to alveolar type-II cells in vitro

Rapid screening methods for NP are needed that replicate in vivo toxicity. We assessed cytotoxicity and ROS generation from Cu NP using an in vitro dynamic exposure model (IVDEM) that overcomes limitations of submerged-cell methods and mimics in vivo exposure conditions by generating and depositing airborne NP directly onto cells grown at an air-liquid interface (ALI). A549 cells were exposed to particle-free air or Cu NP aerosols (12±1 μm) for 4 h at 0.4 μg/cm2 after which cells were incubated 4, 8, 12, or 24 h. Cytotoxicity was assessed by Alamar Blue assay of mitochondrial function and ROS using carboxy-H2DCF-DA as an indicator of steady-state levels of pro-oxidants. Aerosolized Cu NPs were 30 nm (σg=1.9) indicating that the system produced a nanoscaled distribution of NP. Direct exposure of cells at the ALI minimized agglomeration and retained inherent particle characteristics. Viability for cells exposed to particle-free air or Cu NPs for 4 h were no different than cells maintained in the incubator (controls) indicating no trauma associated with exposure in the IVDEM. The production of intracellular ROS in particle-free, air-exposed cells was the same as controls. However, intracellular pro-oxidant levels after Cu NP exposure were increased at 4 and 8 h post-incubation (130% and 170% of control). ROS levels resolved to baseline at 24 h postexposure indicating that Cu NP-induced oxidative stress did not exceed the cells' ability to neutralize ROS. Cu NPs generate significant intracellular ROS after air-delivery to human alveolar cells in this IVDEM. This in vitro test system using lung epithelial cells with an ALI has potential utility for NP toxicity assessment.
Culture and Consumer Behavior: The Role of Horizontal and Vertical Cultural Factors

We examine the influence of culture on consumer behavior with a particular focus on horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Cultures vary in their propensity to emphasize hierarchy, a distinction captured by examining horizontal/vertical cultural orientations or contexts. These cultural factors pattern personal values and goals, power concepts, and normative expectations applied to the exercise of power. We review implications for how consumers respond to brands in the marketplace, service providers, and each others' needs.
8 The effects of rotational grazing on forage biomass yield and botanical composition of horse pastures

s / Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35 (2015) 383e391 386 respectively, P < 0.001). Fructan content was less than 2% DM overall and did not differ between RG and CG paddocks or before and after grazing. Rotational grazing allows forage plants to remain in a vegetative state, resulting in higher DE and WSC content. While pasture management practices that increase DE and WSC are optimal for healthy horses, they could increase risk to horses prone to obesity and equine metabolic syndrome. Appropriate precautions should be taken to manage at risk horses under rotational grazing systems.
Theory of Plasticity

In the previous discussions of elasticity theory, it was assumed that the mechanical response of the solid was such that all strains vanished with the vanishing of all externally applied disturbances. From simple experiments on certain solids, particularly structural metals, it has, however, been found that this purely elastic response breaks down at some critical stress level and that the recoverable small elastic deformations are then accompanied by plastic deformations which remain present after all external disturbances vanish. In an effort to understand this phenomenon of plastic distortion, we accordingly consider the theory of plasticity in the present chapter, regarding it—as in the case of thermal elasticity and viscous elasticity— primarily as a supplement to the theory of elasticity described in Chapter 4.
Transfer Tax Valuation Issues, the Game Theory, and Final Offer Arbitration: A Modest Proposal for Reform

One of the most difficult tasks of federal tax administration is determining the value of closely-held business interests where there is no readily available market quotation. The Internal Revenue Code ("Code") and accompanying regulations provide little guidance: The Code offers a broad definition of value and the applicable Treasury regulations requires a willing buyer/willing seller test. In practice, however, these guideposts often fail to generate a consensus between taxpayers and Internal Revenue Service ("Service"). A common by-product of this failure is prolonged litigation, marked by "Solomon-like" pronouncements, as judges tend to split warring parties' valuation differences. But, unlike the judgment rendered by King Solomon, litigants involved in these valuation disputes rarely venerate the wisdom of these valuation decisions or the process by which they were derived.If we assume that Congress has no inclination to change its half-century old willing buyer/willing seller test, reform must take a different tack. To stem the tide of valuation litigation, this analysis proposes that Congress legislatively adopt final-offer arbitration, where a judge must choose either the taxpayer's or Service's valuation proposal. Judges would be precluded from reaching a compromise position. The reason for this limitation is based on game theory, a branch of social science that studies strategic decision-making. Game theory analysis reveals that the judiciary's propensity to compromise (or the perception of such) cause exaggerated estimates lessen the likelihood of the taxpayer and Service settling their differences.
Increased bone density in mice lacking the proton receptor OGR1

Chronic metabolic acidosis stimulates cell-mediated calcium efflux from bone through osteoblastic prostaglandin E 2 -induced stimulation of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand leading to increased osteoclastic bone resorption. Osteoblasts express the proton-sensing G-protein–coupled receptor OGR1, which activates inositol phosphate–mediated intracellular calcium. Proton-induced osteoblastic intracellular calcium signaling requires ovarian cancer G-protein–coupled receptor 1 (OGR1), suggesting that OGR1 is the sensor activated during acidosis to cause bone resorption. Growing mice produce large amounts of metabolic acids, which must be buffered, primarily by bone, before excretion by the kidney. Here we tested whether lack of OGR1 inhibits proton-induced bone resorption by measuring bone mineral density by micro–computed tomography and histomorphometry in 8-week-old male OGR1 –/– and C57/Bl6 wild type mice. OGR1 –/– mice have normal skeletal development with no atypical gross phenotype. Trabecular and cortical bone volume was increased in tibiae and vertebrae from OGR1 –/– . There were increased osteoblast numbers on the cortical and trabecular surfaces of tibiae from OGR1 –/– mice, increased endocortical and trabecular bone formation rates, and osteoblastic gene expression. Osteoclast numbers and surface were increased in tibiae of OGR1 –/– mice. Thus, in rapidly growing mice, lack of OGR1 leads to increased bone mass with increased bone turnover and a greater increase in bone formation than resorption. This supports the important role of the proton receptor OGR1 in the response of bone to protons.
Using ClinicalTrials.gov to supplement information in ophthalmology conference abstracts about trial outcomes: a comparison study.

Background Including results from unpublished randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in a systematic review may ameliorate the effect of publication bias in systematic review results. Unpublished RCTs are sometimes described in abstracts presented at conferences, included in trials registers, or both. Trial results may not be available in a trials register and abstracts describing RCT results often lack study design information. Complementary information from a trials register record may be sufficient to allow reliable inclusion of an unpublished RCT only available as an abstract in a systematic review. Methods We identified 496 abstracts describing RCTs presented at the 2007 to 2009 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) meetings; 154 RCTs were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Two persons extracted verbatim primary and non-primary outcomes reported in the abstract and ClinicalTrials.gov record. We compared each abstract outcome with all ClinicalTrials.gov outcomes and coded matches as complete, partial, or no match. Results We identified 800 outcomes in 152 abstracts (95 primary [51 abstracts] and 705 [141 abstracts] non-primary outcomes). No outcomes were reported in 2 abstracts. Of 95 primary outcomes, 17 (18%) agreed completely, 53 (56%) partially, and 25 (26%) had no match with a ClinicalTrials.gov primary or non-primary outcome. Among 705 non-primary outcomes, 56 (8%) agreed completely, 205 (29%) agreed partially, and 444 (63%) had no match with a ClinicalTrials.gov primary or non-primary outcome. Among the 258 outcomes partially agreeing, we found additional information on the time when the outcome was measured more often in ClinicalTrials.gov than in the abstract (141/258 (55%) versus 55/258 (21%)). We found no association between the presence of non-matching "new" outcomes and year of registration, time to registry update, industry sponsorship, or multi-center status. Conclusion Conference abstracts may be a valuable source of information about results for outcomes of unpublished RCTs that have been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Complementary additional descriptive information may be present for outcomes reported in both sources. However, ARVO abstract authors also present outcomes not reported in ClinicalTrials.gov and these may represent analyses not originally planned.
Qian Zeng's Methods on Identifying Editions in Du Shu Min Qiu Ji

Qian Zeng was a famous book- collector of Qing Dynasty who had done great contribution to collecting and tiding up ancient books. However,researchers haven't gone deep into studying his methods on identifying edition. The article aims to expound Qian Zeng's methods on identifying editions,which can be divided into block- printed edition and manuscript edition. The essay emphasizes on recognition about the character of Du Shu Min Qiu Ji. At the same time,according to his deeds and his own arguments,we regard the nature of this book as a preface and postscript catalog of book's collection.
Shielding Effectiveness and Design Requirement of UHVDC Converter Valve Hall

The RF inference no more than 1 V/m caused by the electromagnetic field in the frequency scope of 150 kHz to 80 MHz is considered as the limit specification outside the valve hall.According to the analysis and calculation of the measurement in converter stations,the design requirements for the shielding of valve hall are given as follows:(1) The value of the shielding effectiveness of the valve hall should be larger than 20 dB.(2) The steel wire mesh of wire diameter 6 mm and the side length 200 mm should be used for the shielding.(3) If the sheets are connected every 30 cm with the rivets and the width of the superposition is larger than 5 cm,the shielding effectiveness of single layer sheet achieves 40 dB when the frequency is smaller than 10 MHz.
Computerized behavioral skills training with selection-based instruction and lag reinforcement schedules for responses to interview questions.

This study evaluated the efficacy of a computerized behavioral skills training (CBST) program for teaching responses to interview skills by adolescents and young adults with learning disabilities. The package consisted of instructional videos, video modeling, rehearsal, feedback, and selection-based
The Effect of Physical Workload and Modality of Information Presentation on Cognitive Inhibition in Highly Fit Young Males

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS This study presents an experiment assessing the interaction between physical task load and modality of information presentation on cognitive task performance. Results indicated that males of equivalent high fitness, between the ages of 18 and 25, can perform complex cognitive tasks reliably well while performing a concurrent physical task requiring up to 70% of aerobic capacity. Furthermore, results revealed that participants respond slightly more quickly to visual stimuli than auditory stimuli but are equally adept at inhibiting responses presented via either modality. These results are applicable to the design of information displays for information processing tasks as part of occupations requiring simultaneous worker physical performance, such as soldiers in combat situations, firefighters in emergency rescue, police officers in security patrols on foot, etc.TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Many occupations require workers to perform cognitive tasks while concurrently performing...
Suppression of growth hormone release restores phosphaturic response to PTH in immature rats.

Immature rats display a blunted rise in urinary phosphate but not adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) excretion in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), perhaps as a consequence of the increased demand for phosphate during growth. Because a major driving force for growth is growth hormone (GH), and in view of the fact that GH has been shown to promote renal phosphate retention in the immature animal, it is possible that GH may attenuate the phosphaturic effect of PTH. The objective of this study was to determine whether suppression of pulsatile GH release, during administration of a synthetic peptide antagonist to GH-releasing factor, i.e., [N-acetyl-Tyr1-D-Arg2]-GRF-(1-29)-NH2 (GRF-AN), alters the renal response to increasing doses of PTH (1.5-15.0 micrograms.100 g-1.h-1) in the acutely thyroparathyroidectomized immature rat. Baseline fractional excretion of phosphate (FEPi), before administration of PTH, was negligible in all groups (less than 0.05%). Infusion of PTH resulted in an attenuated r...
Latinos in the New Millennium: Latino Media and Technology Usage

Another aspect of the Latino experience in the United States deals with acquiring information about the American political system and politics. This chapter focuses on media usage and news sources among Latinos, as well as their language of preference for those sources. In addition, what has been referred to as a digital divide among racial-ethnic and social-class grouping is examined briefly by exploring Latinos’ access to the Internet. In essence, this chapter represents an introduction to the small but growing area of research and interest regarding Latinos and media use, as well as its application to the world of politics. Political Knowledge and Media Usage Gateways to the world of politics can be enhanced by becoming more knowledgeable about the political system, its institutions, and its leadership (Subvervi-Velez 2008). In addition, accounts of governmental actions, policy considerations and debates, and activities of political parties are important pieces of information that direct an individual's civic and political engagement (Johnson and Arceneaux 2010). A major source of that political knowledge comes from mass media outlets. Obviously, media outlets have been expanding in recent years with more nontraditional media (e.g., electronic news, magazines, blogs, social networks, international news media). For the most part, our introductory examination will focus on the two more traditional outlets – newspapers and television. Historically, mass media has been a source of both political facts or news and political expression or opinion on issues, candidates, and public policies (Johnson and Arceneaux 2010).
Abstract 4836: Targeted antifolates with thienoyl regioisomers in the side chain result in improved selectivity and potency against KB human tumor cells

Folates function as cofactors in one-carbon transfer reactions including de novo biosynthesis of nucleotides and play a key in DNA and RNA synthesis, epigenetic processes, cellular proliferation and survival. Cellular folate uptake is mediated by three distinct transporters. Among these, the reduced folate carrier (RFC) is the predominant folate transporter and is critical for antitumor efficacy of currently used classical antifolates such as methotrexate (MTX), pemetrexed (PMX), and raltitrexed (RTX). RFC is ubiquitously expressed in tumor cells and in normal tissues, resulting in dose-limiting toxicity with classical antifolates. We previously reported a series of 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates that are selectively transported by folate receptors (FR) and/or by the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) over RFC and inhibit FR/PCFT-expressing human tumor cells (KB and IGROV1) at sub-nanomolar IC50 values. These antifolates are comparatively more potent and reduce the toxicity of clinically available antifolates which have non-selective uptake. As an extension of the SAR, we focused on a novel isosteric series of 6-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogs, with a 3- or 4- carbon bridge between the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine and the thienoyl regioisomeric side chain. This simple isosteric replacement of pyrrole with thiophene in the scaffold, combined with varying the positions of attachment of 3- and 4-carbon bridge and the L-glutamic acid on the thiophene ring, provides compounds with different chain length, conformations and extra hydrogen bond donors and/or acceptors compared to the previously reported compounds. All the analogs (AGF 102, AGF131, AGF 271, AGF 275, AGF 276 and AGF 282) are potently inhibitory toward Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (RT16) expressing human FRa (IC50s of 3.1, 0.33, 0.45, 1.1, 0.83 and 5.6 nM, respectively). All the analogs were inactive in the CHO cell line expressing RFC indicating absolute selectivity for FRa. AGF271, AGF275, and AGF282 showed modest (IC50s from 95-460 nM) with PCFT-expressing CHO cells (R2/PCFT4). AGF102, AGF 131 and AGF 271 AGF 275 AGF 276 AGF 282 were all potently inhibitory toward KB tumor cells (IC50 of 2.10, 1.70, 1.48, 1.81, 5.74 and 7.61nM, respectively). Collectively, our results suggest that AGF102, AGF 131, AGF 271, AGF 275, AGF 276 and AGF 282 are targeted antifolates with activity profiles that suggest that further preclinical studies and optimization are warranted. Citation Format: Aleem Gangjee, Nian Tong, Adrianne Wallace Povrik, Zhanjun Hou, Larry H. Matherly. Targeted antifolates with thienoyl regioisomers in the side chain result in improved selectivity and potency against KB human tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4836.
The Multidisciplinary ICU Team

There are many professional healthcare providers that work in the Intensive Care and Surgical Suite areas. They have various levels of medical education and training and often focus on very specific organ and body systems. These include physicians, surgeons, intensivists, advanced clinical practitioners (Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants), registered respiratory therapists, critical care clinical pharmacists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech and language pathologists, and clinical nutritionists. They may have as little as a bachelor’s degree or as much as an earned doctorate in their respective fields. Their role and function in the ICU and operating room also vary greatly by institution and facility. This chapter will describe some of the more common roles and functions of each of these providers.
Structural family therapy in chronic illness: Intervention can help produce a more adaptive family structure

Abstract A strong argument can be made that the family rather than the individual patient is the appropriate unit of treatment for the repercussions of chronic illness. Family structures can be assessed in the light of boundaries, hierarchy, alliances and coalitions, and repetitive behavioral sequences organized around the symptom, so as to enable the family therapist to design appropriate interventions. Specific examples are presented to illuminate this approach. At best, the chronically ill patient can be freed of considerable emotional suffering even when the illness cannot be cured.
How do we choose

The Hearts and Minds of Ghana project improves the lives of those who are less fortunate and have few resources. Providing clear goals for the mission, devising prior guidelines for patient selection and treatment, achieving a better understanding of local culture and expectations, and good team work, facilitate making better ethical decisions, but doesn't make them less difficult.
Periosteal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the tibia with multifocal bone metastases: a case report

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone is a rare high-grade variant of chondrosarcoma, which typically has central intramedullary location. The tumor is characterized by admixture of highly anaplastic small round malignant cells and islands of mineralized low-grade hyaline cartilage. It is most unusual for this tumor to arise on the surface of a long bone. We describe a patient with periosteal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that arose at the surface of the right tibia with multifocal bone metastases. Radiographic, CT, MRI, and PET-CT features of this unusual tumor are presented.
Re-Imagining Identities: The Case of Chatsworth

Melacholia of Freedom: Social Life in an Indian Township in South Africa (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2012 / Wits University Press, 2013) 354 pp. ISBN 928-0-691-15296-7
Analyzing the Performance of Closed Reservoirs Following CO2 Injection in CCUS Projects

Abstract This paper discusses the use of a 2-D numerical model representing a typical depleted pinnacle reef reservoir to generate synthetic data for multiple CO2 injection periods after a prolonged period of oil and gas production. The data are analyzed with conventional pressure-transient analysis and injectivity-index approaches from petroleum reservoir engineering practice. Pressure falloff data from multiple shut-in periods, with and without boundary effects, indicate that the system response is similar to that of a composite reservoir with different total mobility and total compressibility values in the inner (CO2-rich) and outer (CO2-free) regions. The total mobility of the inner zone can be approximated by the total mobility of the gas phase in the vicinity of the CO2-oil front, while the total mobility of the outer zone corresponds to the total mobility of the oil phase in the undisturbed region. The injectivity index, calculated as injection rate divided by the pressure buildup from reference conditions, yields a quasi-stable value during the transient period which can be correlated to the permeability-thickness product of the injection zone. During the boundary-dominated (pseudo-steady-state) period, a flowing material balance plot can be utilized to determine an apparent injectivity index, which is higher than the true injectivity index because of multi-phase skin effects.
Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Early-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Elderly: A National Cancer Database Analysis

Abstract Background The outcome for early-stage (I/II) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has improved significantly during the past few decades. However, older age (≥ 60 years) has continued to be associated with poor outcomes, and a paucity of data is available defining the optimal treatment regimens. In the present study, we sought to identify the practice patterns and outcomes in elderly patients with early-stage HL using the National Cancer Database. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients aged 60 years with early-stage classic HL diagnosed from 2004 to 2012. The overall survival (OS) of patients undergoing chemotherapy (CT), radiation therapy (RT), or CT plus RT were compared. Kaplan-Meier curves of OS for individual therapy were constructed and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis for predictors of mortality was conducted using the Cox proportional hazard method. Results A total of 3795 patients were included in the analysis. At baseline, 41% patients had stage I disease. Of the 3795 patients, 51% underwent CT, 16% underwent RT, and 33% underwent CT plus RT. With a median follow-up duration of 40.4 months, the unadjusted OS rates for patients receiving CT, RT, or CT plus RT were 58.1%, 54%, and 77.7%, respectively ( P Conclusion In older patients (age ≥ 60 years) with stage I/II HL, the combination of CT plus consolidative RT resulted in improved OS compared with monotherapy. However, the use of combination therapy in this age group seems suboptimal. This could be, in part, secondary to comorbidities limiting the use of CT plus RT in the elderly.
Tactics Young Women Use to Resist Condom Use When a Partner Wants to Use a Condom

Although there is a growing literature on men's condom use resistance (CUR) tactics (e.g., direct requests, deception), little research exists on women's CUR tactics. This study investigated young women's (ages 18 to 21) self-reported use of CUR tactics since age 14 and related individual difference factors. Participants included 235 sexually active heterosexual women from a nationwide convenience survey sample who completed a newly adapted women's version of the Condom Use Resistance Survey. Consistent with the limited previous research, women were most likely to use risk-level reassurance (37.9%) and seduction (33.2%) tactics. A higher frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, particularly prior to sex, lower perceived risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and a history of STI diagnosis were associated with having previously used a greater number and variety of CUR tactics. This highlights the need for CUR prevention and intervention programming for women. Future research should specifically examine women's rationale for using CUR tactics and utilize longitudinal and experimental methods to further elucidate directional and causal relationships among individual-level risk factors, CUR, and negative sexual health outcomes.
Is standing balance altered in individuals with chronic low back pain? A systematic review.

Purpose: To examine the static standing balance of individuals with chronic low back pain when compared to a healthy control group.Methods: A search of available literature was done using PubMed, S...
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Travel for Head and Neck Cancer Treatment and the Impact of Travel Distance on Survival

BACKGROUND Patients who travel a long distance (≥50 miles) for cancer care have improved outcomes. However, to the authors' knowledge, the prevalence of long travel distances for treatment by patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and the effect of travel distance on overall survival (OS), remains unknown. METHODS The authors used the National Cancer Data base from 2004 through 2013 to identify patients with HNSCC undergoing definitive treatment. Travel distance for treatment was categorized as short (<12.5 miles), intermediate (12.5-49.9 miles), and long (50-249.9 miles). The primary outcome, OS, was evaluated using Cox shared-frailty modeling. A secondary outcome, factors associated with intermediate and long travel distances, was evaluated using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression. RESULTS Among 118,000 patients with HNSCC, 62,753 (53.2%), 40,644 (34.4%), and 14,603 (12.4%) patients, respectively, traveled short, intermediate, and long distances for treatment. After adjusting for relevant covariates, long travel distance was associated with treatment at academic and high-volume centers. Patients of black race, of Hispanic ethnicity, with Medicaid insurance, and who were treated with nonsurgical treatment were less likely to travel long distances for treatment (P<.001). Traveling a long distance for treatment was associated with improved OS on multivariable analysis (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.96) compared with a short distance. CONCLUSIONS Traveling a long distance for HNSCC treatment is associated with improved survival, especially for patients receiving nonsurgical management. Racial and ethnic disparities in travel for HNSCC treatment exist. As regionalization of care continues, future work should identify and address reasons for racial and ethnic disparities in travel that may prevent access to care at high-volume facilities. Cancer 2018;000:000-000. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Acceptable Risk in Regulation: The Impact of Recent Court Decisions on Public Policy for Risk Management

The Court of Appeals, DC Circuit, has ruled that the consideration of costs by regulatory agencies in their decisions of whether or not to regulate is inconsistent with the relevant law in two important recent cases. As a consequence of these decisions, the EPA and NRC are required to base their policies and standards on acceptable risks levels rather than on the costs of risk reductions. These decisions are leading agencies toward policies involving increasingly explicit definitions of acceptable risk. This paper describes the significance of these judicial decisions for regulatory decision making and their implications for risk analysis and offers suggestions on how to approach the definition of acceptable risk. The effect on regulation of these changes also is discussed.
Transformation of Process Engineering – A Software Perspective

Abstract Advances in process design software tools have helped transform process engineering over the years by creating tremendous value for many companies through capital and energy savings, increased safety and reliability, and optimized designs with significant improvements in engineering quality and productivity. Today, process engineers can utilize a variety of software tools to perform projects and achieve promising solutions quicker than ever before. Modeling and analysis tools have had a huge impact on the process engineers’ ability to rapidly analyze many alternative solutions and present design and cost tradeoffs to decision-makers. However, many challenges remain, especially pertaining to engineers collaborating on large projects requiring high quality and timely solutions. This is critical, as companies across the globe are facing an increasingly interconnected and highly competitive environment. This paper outlines specific innovations, emerging technologies, and new industrial applications that promise to have a significant impact on industrial practice and economic effectiveness, as well as gaps requiring further research.
Effectiveness of Type A Counseling in Postmyocardial Infarction Patients and Normal Subjects

Although my colleagues and I, as well as other investigators, had accumulated considerable evidence suggesting that TAB was associated with the incidence of clinical coronary heart disease in the two decades following the recognition of TAB in coronary patients in 1959, a direct, unequivocal connection between this syndrome and the pathogenesis of clinical coronary heart disease remained to be demonstrated. It was with this goal in mind that we designed a program in which a large number of patients who had suffered one or more myocardial infarctions would be randomized into two groups. The first group would be advised by cardiologists concerning well-recognized, possible preventive measures, such as cessation of smoking, ingestion of low-fat, low-cholesterol diets, adequate exercise, and other heart-related factors. The second group would be advised similarly by the same cardiologists but in addition would be given type A counseling by psychologists, psychiatrists, and several internists who had received training in type A group counseling.
Poetry, Prayer and Meditation

Both poetry and prayer have the ability to move the imagination into a meditative space. Poetry, like prayer, can alter our perceptions, deepen our appreciation of the commonplace, and collapse the distance between everyday life and a more numinous experience. Prayer, like poetry, is a deeply imaginal experience that opens us to mystery, to the ineffable by allowing us a deeper felt sense of the created world.
Clear Liquids versus Polyethylene Glycol Preparation for Video Capsule Endoscopy of the Small Bowel: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND An effective bowel cleanse can improve the imaging quality of video capsule endoscopy (VCE). We aimed to further investigate the optimal small bowel cleanse method by comparing the efficacy of 4 L of clear liquids, 2 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG), and 4 L of PEG on the image quality of VCE. METHODS A randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial was performed comparing 4 L of clear liquids (Group A), 2 L of PEG (Group B), and 4 L of PEG (Group C). The primary endpoint was image quality between the groups. The secondary endpoints included patient tolerability and side effects. RESULTS Eighty-one patients were analyzed in group A, 84 patients were analyzed in group B, and 80 patients were analyzed in group C. Image quality scores revealed 4 L of clear liquids to be non-inferior to 2 L of PEG, and 2 L of PEG to be non-inferior to 4 L of PEG (p < 0.0167). Group A had a lower difficulty of completion rate than Group B and Group C and a lower rate of side effects when compared to Group C (p < 0.0167). CONCLUSION Four liters of clear liquids should be considered a routine method for small bowel preparation prior to VCE.
Viral and Nonviral Engineering of Natural Killer Cells as Emerging Adoptive Cancer Immunotherapies.

Natural killer (NK) cells are powerful immune effectors whose antitumor activity is regulated through a sophisticated network of activating and inhibitory receptors. As effectors of cancer immunotherapy, NK cells are attractive as they do not attack healthy self-tissues nor do they induce T cell-driven inflammatory cytokine storm, enabling their use as allogeneic adoptive cellular therapies. Clinical responses to adoptive NK-based immunotherapy have been thwarted, however, by the profound immunosuppression induced by the tumor microenvironment, particularly severe in the context of solid tumors. In addition, the short postinfusion persistence of NK cells in vivo has limited their clinical efficacy. Enhancing the antitumor immunity of NK cells through genetic engineering has been fueled by the promise that impaired cytotoxic functionality can be restored or augmented with the use of synthetic genetic approaches. Alongside expressing chimeric antigen receptors to overcome immune escape by cancer cells, enhance their recognition, and mediate their killing, NK cells have been genetically modified to enhance their persistence in vivo by the expression of cytokines such as IL-15, avoid functional and metabolic tumor microenvironment suppression, or improve their homing ability, enabling enhanced targeting of solid tumors. However, NK cells are notoriously adverse to endogenous gene uptake, resulting in low gene uptake and transgene expression with many vector systems. Though viral vectors have achieved the highest gene transfer efficiencies with NK cells, nonviral vectors and gene transfer approaches—electroporation, lipofection, nanoparticles, and trogocytosis—are emerging. And while the use of NK cell lines has achieved improved gene transfer efficiencies particularly with viral vectors, challenges with primary NK cells remain. Here, we discuss the genetic engineering of NK cells as they relate to NK immunobiology within the context of cancer immunotherapy, highlighting the most recent breakthroughs in viral vectors and nonviral approaches aimed at genetic reprogramming of NK cells for improved adoptive immunotherapy of cancer, and, finally, address their clinical status.
Sensitivity optimization of Printed Spiral Coil for Wireless Resistive Analog Passive (WRAP) Sensors using Genetic Algorithm

Body-worn battery-less Wireless Resistive Analog Passive (WRAP) sensor can be unobtrusive while collecting physiological data continuously. Inductive connection between a pair of Printed Spiral Coils (PSC) eliminates the intrusive wires. Inductive connection of primary and secondary PSC enabled us to probe the body signals using the inductive link. The primary side voltage is modulated by the sensed body signal at the secondary PSC. The coil physical characteristics influence the sensitivity which is defined as observed voltage changes over the sensor variation. We have previously reported an iterative method to optimize the coil specifications for maximum sensitivity with constrained coil prof ile size by maximizing the power transfer efficiency from primary to secondary. In this study sensitivity is maximized by first, driving an analytical multivariable equation of circuit components and physical characteristics, and then using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximize it with considering the size and fabrication constraints. The results are compared to the other methods that shows a higher result in the range of 102 comparing to the best alternate methods (sqp). It helps us to detect smaller physiological signals in the noisy environment.