cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tidally influenced barrier island and estuarine sedimentation in the upper carboniferous of southern West Virginia

Abstract Upper Carboniferous orthoquartzites exposed in the Guyandotte Valley of southern West Virginia are interpreted as barrier island and backbarrier deposits. They overlie fossiliferous marine limestones and shales, and are overlain in turn by fluvio-deltaic subgraywacke sandstones, siltstones and coals. Only the upper one-third of the 180 m thick orthoquartzitic interval is exposed, but these rocks outcrop over a distance of 16 km, and reveal landward transition of the barrier orthoquartzites into backbarrier and alluvial or delta-plain deposits. Within the exposed orthoquartzitic interval are three major orthoquartzite bodies, separated by subordinate siltstones containing smaller sandstone bodies. The major orthoquartzites are 10–25 m thick and are lenticular in transverse section, with a north-south elongation approximately perpendicular to the palaeoslope. These sandstone units are subdivisible into three facies. Facies 1 is most widespread and comprises mainly upward-thinning sets of cross-stratification, with a silty interval occasionally preserved towards the top. Palaeocurrent indicators reflect increasing dispersal from the base of the sequence upward. These deposits are interpreted as originating within laterally migrating tidal inlets, in which ebb currents were dominant. Facies 2 contains low-angle bedding suggestive of wave swash processes, with patterns of minor sedimentary structures similar to those observed in modern ebb tidal deltas. Facies 3 consists of sandstone with a preponderance of landward-directed cross-stratification, and is attributed to a flood tidal delta, flood-channel and washover berm origin. The orthoquartzites merge eastward and southeastward (landward) into inferred estuarine or lagoonal siltstones, but in places they are in lateral contact with fluvio-deltaic subgraywackes. Thus the barrier sediments are thought to have been derived at least in part by the reworking of abandoned delta lobes. Longshore drift created spit extension towards the south and southwest, thereby enclosing lagoons within which accumulated siltstones and sandstones with brackish or marine fossils and a variety of structures suggestive of tidal processes and local subaerial exposure. Washover sands were deposited to landward of the barrier. Both barrier and backbarrier deposits are incised by small tidal channels. Occurrence of washover features in association with small but well-developed tidal deltas suggests moderate to strong wave activity and a mesotidal (2–4 m) range.
Design of thin-film-coated diffractive optical elements with frequency variant transmission functions

Synthetic optical structures are classified as members of a hierarchy of electromagnetic materials and diffractive elements. Innovations on a system level are strongly related to the introduction of new members of this hierarchy as well as by combining features of two or more hierarchy levels. As an example we focus our attention on the synergy of diffractive optics and optical thin film technology. To this end properties and potential applications of diffractive optical elements coated with nonuniform thin films are investigated. Paraxial and non-paraxial diffraction models based on the Kirchhoff approximation are used to understand the response of these elements. As an important tool to provide an intuitive understanding we employ a reciprocal space representation. Three design problems are discussed, namely the shaping of the spectral response of harmonic diffractive optical elements, the design of color separation gratings, and the implementation of computer generated volume holograms.
Interactions between NKT cells and Tregs are required for tolerance to combined bone marrow and organ transplants

We used a model of combined bone marrow and heart transplantation, in which tolerance and stable chimerism is induced after conditioning with fractionated irradiation of the lymphoid tissues and anti–T-cell antibodies. Graft acceptance and chimerism required host CD4+CD25+ Treg production of IL-10 that was in-turn enhanced by host invariant natural killer (NK) T-cell production of IL-4. Up-regulation of PD-1 on host Tregs, CD4+CD25− conventional T (Tcon) cells, and CD8+ T cells was also enhanced by NKT cell production of IL-4. Up-regulated PD-1 expression on Tregs was linked to IL-10 secretion, on CD8+ T cells was linked to Tim-3 expression, and on CD4+ Tcon cells was associated with reduced IFNγ secretion. Changes in the expression of PD-1 were induced by the conditioning regimen, and declined after bone marrow transplantation. In conclusion, NKT cells in this model promoted changes in expression of negative costimulatory receptors and anti-inflammatory cytokines by Tregs and other T-cell subsets in an IL-4–dependent manner that resulted in tolerance to the bone marrow and organ grafts.
A Survey of Developments in Distributed Data Base Management Systems

Distributed data base management systems extend the capacities of computing systems to give many people access to a wide range of information. These systems, which arise from the combination of recent important advances in computer networks with general-purpose data base management systems, should shortly represent another significant step in commercial system development. So it is not surprising that they have been the focus of much research and development activity in both the academic and industrial environments.
Elementary framework for cold field emission: Extension to non-planar emitter tip geometries

The elementary framework for cold field emission is updated to treat emission from non-planar emitting surfaces of quantum-confined field electron emitters. The framework is applied to emission from the curved surface of a cylindrical nanowire, which results in an oscillatory emitted current density (ECD) that approaches the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) ECD in the limit of large emitter radius. As a function of the emitter dimensions, the ECD from the cylindrical nanowire has higher, narrower peaks than planar emitters, and secondary oscillations, from the irregular distribution of energy levels.
Finite element simulation of Sigma 60 heating in the Utah phantom: computed and measured data compared

An initial series of comparisons are made between finite element computations and laboratory measurements obtained during heterogeneous phantom heating with the Sigma 60 applicator. The phantom is a relatively complex, though still idealized, rendering of the pelvic area which has been used to study the deep heating characteristics of the Sigma 60 in this anatomy. Direct electric field measurements as well as inferred SAR through transient temperature analysis are plotted against computed results along 11 one-dimensional tracks through the phantom. Quantitative comparisons provided through the track-by-track analysis show generally good agreement between computation and measurement. The finite element method is found to predict well the jumps in the electric field when polarized perpendicularly to a muscle/fat interface. Visualizations of the complete three-dimensional distributions are also highlighted and correlate well with physical reasoning about the expected behaviour of the fields produced. Some di...
Ripeness and the settlement of international disputes

(1988). Ripeness and the settlement of international disputes. Survival: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 232-251.
Can infant eye closure during paroxysmal events help differentiate nonepileptic activity from seizures

Can infant eye closure during paroxysmal events help differentiate nonepileptic activity from seizures?
Personality, husband-wife similarity, and Holland's occupational types☆

Abstract The present investigation had two purposes. The first was to investigate the generalizability of the theorized personality characteristics of men within Holland's occupational types to groups of men typed by their actual vocations instead of their vocational interests. The second purpose was to investigate the extent to which the wives of men in each of the occupational groups were similar to their husbands in terms of personality characteristics. Multiple discriminant analysis of the groups' 16PF scores resulted in significant overall groups differentiation and in two significant discriminant functions labeled tender-mindedness and self-confidence. The second finding was that Social and Enterprising men were significantly similar to their wives on personality dimensions consistent with the defining characteristics of the respective Holland groups. Implications of the present results and suggestions for future research are presented.
Job Stress among Primary and Secondary Schoolteachers: Its Relationship to Ill-Being

The relationship between job-related stress and individual ill-being was explored in a random probability sample of 200 public schoolteachers. The responses of these teachers were used to (1) test ...
Calcium-Induced ROS Generation during Ischemia Triggers mPTP-Dependent Cell Death during Reperfusion

Impairment of mitochondrial function is a central event of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury leading to tissue damage and cell death. We studied the relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and cell death in rabbit ventricular myocytes exposed to simulated I/R. Changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) were measured with X-Rhod-1, ROS generation with Mito-Sox Red, mPTP opening as mitochondrial calcein red release, and cell death as lactate dehydrogenase release. I/R was induced by exposing cells to glucose-free Tyrode solution containing 20 mM 2-deoxyglucose and 2 mM NaCN, pH 6.4, followed by superfusion with standard Tyrode solution. No cell death was observed after 20 min of ischemia despite a significant increase in [Ca2+]m, ROS and mPTP opening, however cell death increased significantly after 15 min of reperfusion. The Ca2+ uniporter blocker Ru360 partially prevented [Ca2+]m increase and completely abolished ROS generation and cell death when applied during I/R, however application of Ru360 only during reperfusion did not protect from cell death. Scavenging ROS with superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBAP or antioxidant Trolox prevented reperfusion-induced cell death. Blocking mPTP during ischemia by cyclosporine A or depletion of mitochondrial inorganic polyphosphate did not provide protection against cell death during reperfusion, but instead led to increased mitochondrial ROS accumulation. However, inhibiting mPTP opening during reperfusion with cyclosporine A attenuated cell death. We conclude that mPTP-dependent cell death during reperfusion is mediated by Ca2+-dependent ROS generation during ischemia. Moreover, our data suggest that mPTP opening during ischemia could serve as ROS escape pathway from mitochondria and thereby attenuate mitochondrial ROS accumulation and ROS-mediated cell damage during subsequent reperfusion.
Environmental and economic tradeoffs of alternative cropping systems.

ABSTRACT The tradeoffs between economic profitability and environmental impacts of five cropping systems being used by farm managers in northeast Kansas were examined. The Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) was used to estimate potential crop yields, nitrate (NO3) contamination, and soil erosion from the cropping systems. Prices and enterprise budget data were combined with the crop yields simulated by EPIC to calculate annual net returns for each system. The tradeoff between net returns and environmental contaminants were evaluated using a Chance Constrained Programming (CCP) model. The overall results of the CCP models, including targets for all contaminants, indicated that the alternative cropping system of wheat and grain sorghum was preferred to the traditional system, which also includes corn and soybeans. An alfalfa-wheat-soybean rotation generally was preferred when the contaminant targets were restricted to NO3 runoff and soil erosion. The results also imply that financial incentives a...
Spatial Variations in Mexican Maquiladora Closure

Mexico is one of the world's most important locations for facilities that manufacture for export (maquiladoras). The rate of maquiladora closure, however, is quite high. This study is an analysis of maquila closure by urban place between 1990 and 2000. Five hypothesized variables of plant closure are analyzed: distance from the U.S. border, wages-by-wage zone, size of urban location, predominant nationality of plant equity, and predominant product(s) manufactured by urban place. Higher rates of plant closure manifested by closure quotients are associated with important maquila locations in high-wage areas, and places dominated by lowvalue-added assembly ("Fordist") manufacturing. Fordist maquilas have experienced the highest number of plant closures but many have found short-term respite in small interior urban places. The results provide evidence of the evolution of maquilas by product and by location. The future of the maquiladora industry, considering Mexico's waning comparative advantage, is structura...
Dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in double-well potentials

We study the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in symmetric double-well potentials following a sudden change of the potential from the Mott-insulator to the superfluid regime. We introduce a continuum approximation that maps that problem onto the wave-packet dynamics of a particle in an anharmonic effective potential. For repulsive two-body interactions the visibility of interference fringes that result from the superposition of the two condensates following a stage of ballistic expansion exhibits a collapse of coherent oscillations onto a background value whose magnitude depends on the amount of squeezing of the initial state. Strong attractive interactions are found to stabilize the relative number dynamics. We visualize the dynamics of the system in phase space using a quasiprobability distribution that allows for an intuitive interpretation of the various types of dynamics.
Melody recognition at fast and slow tempos: Effects of age, experience, and familiarity

Eighty-one listeners defined by three age ranges (18–30, 31–59, and over 60 years) and three levels of musical experience performed an immediate recognition task requiring the detection of alterations in melodies. On each trial, a brief melody was presented, followed 5 sec later by a test stimulus that either was identical to the target or had two pitches changed, for a same-different judgment. Each melody pair was presented at 0.6 note/sec, 3.0 notes/sec, or 6.0 notes/sec. Performance was better with familiar melodies than with unfamiliar melodies. Overall performance declined slightly with age and improved substantially with increasing experience, in agreement with earlier results in an identification task. Tempo affected performance on familiar tunes (moderate was best), but not on unfamiliar tunes. We discuss these results in terms of theories of dynamic attending, cognitive slowing, and working memory in aging.
Early Palaeozoic history of the upper Beardmore Glacier area: implications for a major Antarctic structural boundary within the Transantarctic Mountains

The central and western Transantarctic Mountains appear to be divided longitudinally by one or more terrane boundaries that separate two regions characterized by different Lower Palaeozoic successions. Re-examination of the upper Beardmore Glacier area and reinterpretation of its Early Palaeozoic stratigraphy emphasizes the strong similarity between it and the Byrd Group outcrops in the area between the Byrd and Nimrod glaciers. This similarity demonstrates that for several hundred kilometres the Cambrian succession of an inboard region is largely devoid of volcanic rocks but includes fossiliferous Lower Cambrian platformal limestones that are overlain unconformably by coarse basin-fill deposits. The latter probably include beds of Middle and perhaps early Late Cambrian age that were themselves deformed prior to the Devonian. Erratic blocks indicate that comparable successions may have been developed as far west as the Whichaway Nunataks. The inferred geological history of this part of the continental margin, which is commonly regarded as autochthonous, stands in contrast to that of more outboard regions where thick volcanic sequences occur in expanded stratigraphic sections that include shallow-marine Middle and Late Cambrian deposits. We consider that these regions, predominantly the Queen Maud and Theil mountains and the Neptune Range of the Pensacola Mountains, constitute one or more displaced crustal blocks. The boundary between them and the inboard sequence adjacent to the craton is probably a series of large strike-slip faults that may have been initiated during the Early Palaeozoic and have been active episodically since then.
Cyclic nucleotides and photoreception.

Abstract Biochemical evidence indicates that the production of cyclic-AMP by vertebrate rod outer-segments is regulated by illumination. Injection of cyclic nucleotides directly into photoreceptor cells of the invertebrate, Limulus , is without significant physiological effect. Physiological evidence for a role of cyclic nucleotides in photoreception is inconclusive.
1008-9 Atrioventricular Nodal “Slow Pathway” Conduction Time is Due to the Length of the Pathway

The determinants of atrioventricular (AV) nodal “slow pathway” conduction remain controversial. We hypothesized that anterograde “slow pathway” conduction time depends on the length (rather than functional properties) of the pathway. Therefore, we studied 19 patients (4 men and 15 women, mean age 51 ± 4 years) with typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) who underwent successful radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the “slow pathway”. As a measure of the pathway length we determined two distances in both RAO and LAO projections: I) coronary sinus (CS) os to the His bundle and 2) mapping catheter tip at the successful ablation site to the His bundle. These distances were correlated with the conduction time of the “slow pathway” (AH interval) during programmed atrial stimulation following coupling intervals longer than the functional “slow pathway” refractory period and during AVNRT. RFA was initially attempted in the posteroseptal area of the right atrium close to the CS os and was delivered at progressively superior and anterior locations (closer to the compact AV node) only when inferior RFA applications were unsuccessful. Results There was a significant correlation between the anterograde “slow pathway” conduction time (AH) and the distance between the mapping catheter tip (MAP) and the His bundle (HIS) in both LAO (Fig.) and RAO projections (p l 0.001). This was true when slow pathway conduction time was measured either during programmed atrial stimulation or during AVNRT. Download : Download high-res image (43KB) Download : Download full-size image “Slow pathway” conduction time did not correlate with tle distance between the CS os and the His bundle. Conclusion In this study, AV nodal “slow pathway” conduction time was related to the distance between the “slow pathway” atrial insertion site and the His Bundle. This supports the hypothesis that “slow pathway” conduction time is in part due to pathway length and may not be due to functional properties.
Estimating the Effectiveness of Health-Risk Communications with Propensity-Score Matching: Application to Arsenic Groundwater Contamination in Four US Locations

This paper provides a demonstration of propensity-score matching estimation methods to evaluate the effectiveness of health-risk communication efforts. This study develops a two-stage regression model to investigate household and respondent characteristics as they contribute to aversion behavior to reduce exposure to arsenic-contaminated groundwater. The aversion activity under study is a household-level point-of-use filtration device. Since the acquisition of arsenic contamination information and the engagement in an aversion activity may be codetermined, a two-stage propensity-score model is developed. In the first stage, the propensity for households to acquire arsenic contamination information is estimated. Then, the propensity scores are used to weight observations in a probit regression on the decision to avert the arsenic-related health risk. Of four potential sources of information, utility, media, friend, or others, information received from a friend appears to be the source of information most associated with aversion behavior. Other statistically significant covariates in the household’s decision to avert contamination include reported household income, the presence of children in household, and region-level indicator variables. These findings are primarily illustrative and demonstrate the usefulness of propensity-score methods to estimate health-risk communication effectiveness. They may also be suggestive of areas for future research.
Catheter Smearing Correction Using Inverse Filtering Techniques

The application of digital filtering techniques to correct for the instrumental error, known as ``smearing,'' which occurs when a long catheter of narrow bore is used to sample the concentration of an indicator substance dissolved in blood, is described.
On the Distribution of the Ratio of Two Random Variables Having Generalized Life Distributions

Zelen and Dannemiller [8] proposed a general life distribution function using a weighted sum of Laguerre polynomials (with non-constant weights). Their results are extended here by obtaining the distribution of the ratio of two random variables having this general life distribution. This result is used to examine the robustness of the two-sample exponential likelihood ratio test for comparing means. The test is found to be markedly nonrobust.
Diffusion in gel-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) to record the immunoglobulin response of calves vaccinated with Salmonella.

Abstract A diffusion in gel-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) was used to record immunoglobulin development of colostrum-fed calves vaccinated with aromatic dependent (aro−) Salmonella and challenged with either the homologous or a heterologous serotype. IgG was detected by using a peroxidase conjugated rabbit antibovine IgG, whereas IgM and IgA were measured using a double sandwich technique. Although IgG levels to Salmonella endotoxins increased after exposure to Salmonella, they were found to be high in many calves prior to vaccination. However, IgM antibody levels were consistently low prior to vaccination, and their increase was a more reliable indicator of the vaccination and immune status of the calves. IgA levels were generally low and of less predictive value.
Structural performance of the glass fiber–vinyl ester composites with interlaminar copper inserts

Mechanical performance in tension, compression and flexure of glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester composites with interlaminar copper inserts was evaluated experimentally. Key variables in performance evaluation were relative size of the copper insert and surface treatment of copper. Test coupons were manufactured using VARTM method and tested following ASTM standards for tension, compression and flexure (four-point bend). Process-induced residual strains were measured during fabrication and proved to have minimal impact for the specific thermal cycles involved. Mechanical test results indicate that the change in insert size or surface treatment have minimal impact on tensile properties though the presence of copper inserts increases failure strain. Both insert size and surface treatment have a strong impact on compression and flexural properties associated with compression mode. Decrease in mechanical properties under compression and flexure are mainly due to poor adhesion between the copper surface and the composite and the resulting delaminations. For composites with large inserts, compatible surface treatments restored both compression and flexure properties to the equivalent baseline (no copper insert) performance.
Iron dynamics in the ruminant

Abstract We have compared the plasma clearance rate of radioactive iron in cows both as ferric chloride and as iron specifically bound to transferrin. We have also repeated the transfusion experiment of Dern et al. (Dern, R.J., Monti, A. and Glynn, M.F. (1963) J. Lab. Clin. Med. 61, 280–291) using goats. The results show that neither non-specifically bound iron (Bates, G.W. and Schlabach, M.R. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3228–3232) nor the iron bound to the two different sites in transferrin (Awai, M., Chipman, B and Brown, E.B. (1975) J. Lab. Clin. Med. 85, 769–784) can be identified as distinguishable iron pools by this technique.
Expansions in power series by computer

The paper describes a technique of expanding power series solutions to sets of equations that can be applied formally to a set of equations by a ‘compiler’ type program. A program suitable for an algebra system is generated that when run will produce the power series expansions by recurrence relations. Examples are given from Celestial mechanics.
The source approximation method for multidimensional media using the surface-integral form of the radiative transfer equation

Abstract A radiation source approximation of linear and quadratic interpolation over an optical length is constructed to simplify surface-integral equations of radiative transfer for an absorbing, emitting and linear anisotropic scattering medium. The expressions formulated here for incident radiation and radiative heat flux can be applied easily to various coordinate systems. Test cases of radiation in participating media with two-dimensional cylindrical and three-dimensional rectangular geometries are solved by the new technique. The numerical solutions are compared with other results obtained by the product-integration method (PIM). For all the cases considered the radiative transfer results predicted by the quadratic source approximation is in good agreement with the benchmark PIM solution and is more accurate than those obtained with the linear approximation. Since only integration at the bounding surface is involved in the equations of radiative transfer, the solution method is computationally efficient.
Evaluating and utilizing biokinetic constants in activated sludge

Stoichiometric equations developed from biokinetic equations are presented for evaluating and utilizing biokinetic constants in the design and operation of the activated sludge process. Using biokinetic constants developed from non-nitrifying conditions or total system biokinetic constants rather than individual true biokinetic constants for the heterotrophic and autotrophic reactions will lead to incorrect estimates of the daily waste sludge production.
Comparison of step-cut and Pulvertaft attachment for flexor tendon graft: a biomechanics evaluation in an in vitro canine model

The purpose of this study was to compare two different methods of joining tendons of similar and dissimilar sizes between recipient and donor tendons for flexor tendon grafts. Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and peroneus longus (PL) canine tendons were harvested and divided into four groups. The repair technique we compared was a step-cut (SC) suture and a Pulvertaft weave (PW). FDP tendons were significantly larger in diameter than PL tendons (p < 0.05). The volume of the SC repairs using either FDP or PL tendon as a graft was significantly smaller than PW repairs (p < 0.05). The ultimate load to failure and repair stiffness in FDP graft tendons significantly increased compared with the PL graft tendons (p < 0.05). The SC suture can be used as an alternative to the PW, with similar strength and less bulk for repairs using graft tendons of similar diameter. Surgeons should be aware of the effect of graft tendon size and repair method on strength and bulk when performing flexor tendon grafts.
Chemical Durability of Fluoride Glasses: I, Reaction of Fluorozirconate Glasses with Water

The chemical durability of five flouarozirconate glass compositions was studied. Measurements of leachant composition and solution chemistry by plasma emission spettroscopy, pH, and fluoride analysis are reported. Changes in surface structure were monitored by scanning electron microscopy, electron-probe X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The modifer additives with high aqueous solubility (A1F3, NaF, LiF, PbF2) exhibited the highest leach rates with ZrF4, BaFs2, and LaF3 exhibiting lower rates. The leaching order of Zr > Ba > La was maintained for all samples. The leaching process consists of the dissolution of the glass matrix, leaving a thick and porous layer containing Zr, Ba, La, and molecular water. Hydroxylation of the Zr species to form a hydroxyfluoride complex in solution dominated a decrease in pH to moderately acidic values. The resulting increase in component solubility (particularly zirconium fluoride) in the acidic solutions accelerated the glass dissolution rate and demonstrated that, if no buffer is present to avert the pH drift, the chemical durability of these glasses in aqueous environments is extremely poor, being roughly equivalent to that of Na2O 2SiO2.
Developing and systematically implementing participatory action research

Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a collaborative approach to conducting research that recently emerged as a paradigm for bridging science and clinical practice. The key characteristic of this approach--collaboration between consumers and researchers--often increases the relevance of research while maintaining the standards of scientific rigor. Although PAR is receiving increased attention from researchers and consumers in social science and public health, it has not been implemented widely. Some of the reasons for a limited application of PAR in the field include lack of knowledge about PAR and strategies for its implementation. This article defines PAR, provides an overview of the characteristics of this approach, and discusses 4 elements for systematic incorporation of the PAR approach into the research process. The elements are (1) participant selection and recruitment, (2) role and relationship clarification for researchers and participants, (3) research team education, and (4) management and support.
What predicts adherence to follow-up recommendations for abnormal Pap tests among older women?

Abstract Objective To address socio-demographic factors associated with adherence to follow-up recommendations in a high-risk population of women referred for follow-up care after an abnormal Pap test. Methods 486 women aged 46–64 served by BCCEDP in two southeastern states between 1999–2002 and referred for follow-up care after an abnormal Pap test were the sampling frame for this cross-sectional study; 204 women completed a phone-based interview in 2004. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine the association of various risk factors with time to adherence. Results Among those completing the phone interview (interview rate=61.4%) the mean age was 53.3 years, 64.7% were African–American women, 81.9% had low-grade cervical lesions, and all were either uninsured or under insured. Over 95% received follow-up care for an abnormal Pap test within 365 days of referral. When the BCCEDP criteria of follow-up within 60 days were applied, 52.9% were adherent. Rates of self-reported and program documented adherence differed significantly by state. After adjusting for state of residence, women who reported having symptoms of a chronic disease were more likely to be adherent within 365 days (aHR=1.42; 95% CI=1.00, 2.04). Neither age, race, lesion severity, education, number of dependent adults or children, self-perceived physical health, nor smoking status was associated with time to adherence. Conclusions Findings suggest that institutional factors may be more important than individual factors in predicting time to adherence for an abnormal Pap test.
Optically controlled logic gates for two spin qubits in vertically coupled quantum dots

We describe an interaction mechanism between electron spins in a vertically stacked double quantum dot that can be used for controlled two-qubit operations. This interaction is mediated by excitons confined within, and delocalized over, the double dot. We show that gates equivalent to the $\sqrt{\mathrm{SWAP}}$ gate can be obtained in times much less than the exciton relaxation time and that the negative effects of hole mixing and spontaneous emission do not seriously affect these results.
Abstract B94: Gene expression profiling during EMT and MET identifies multiple transcription factors involved in the EMT transcriptional reprogramming

Background and Objective: The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a developmental program which is often reactivated in aggressive metastatic breast cancer. Several transcription factors (TFs), such as Snail and ZEB can act as master regulators of EMT, directly repressing the gene for E-cadherin. We sought to identify common gene expression signatures characteristic to both EMT and a reverse process, Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (MET). Methods: Using Affymetrix Exon microarrays we characterized global gene expression changes in two cellular models: normal mammary epithelial HMLE cells induced to undergo EMT by expression of Snail1, Snail2 or ZEB1; and MDA-MB-231LN breast cancer cells induced to undergo MET by depletion of ZEB1 and ZEB2. Results: We identified two large gene sets: 1) 1017 genes down-regulated during EMT and up-regulated during MET, which we designated as MET-specific; and 2) 438 genes up-regulated during EMT and down-regulated during MET, which we designated as EMT-specific. 14 TFs were found in the EMT category. Their functional validation showed that individual overexpression of several of these TFs in HMLE cells was sufficient to elicit partial EMT. Discussion and Conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis of gene expression signatures common to EMT and MET identifies the EMT transcriptional program characteristic to invasive metastatic breast cancer. Grant support: NIH NCRR grant P20 RR16440 and Susan G. Komen for the Cure grant KG110350. Citation Format: Maria Voronkova, Joseph Addison, Renata Galeeva, James Denvir, Dongquan Chen, Alexey Ivanov. Gene expression profiling during EMT and MET identifies multiple transcription factors involved in the EMT transcriptional reprogramming. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B94.
Hepatitic pattern of graft versus host disease in children.

Background Liver involvement by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is characterized histologically by bile duct damage, which may be severe. A different pattern, “hepatitic GVHD,” has been described in adult patients. This pattern also shows marked lobular hepatitis and hepatocellular damage. We report the development of hepatitic GVHD in six pediatric patients. Procedure Clinical information and histologic features of liver biopsy samples were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients' ages ranged from 3 to 11 years. Underlying diagnosis, pre-transplant conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis varied. Peripheral blood stem cells were the source of the allograft in four patients, matched sibling in one, and matched-unrelated donor in one. Hepatic GVHD was detected between 149 and 310 days post-transplant. Prior acute GVHD had developed in two patients, and involved the skin and/or gastrointestinal tract. No patients had significant ductopenia. Only one patient had significant lymphocytic infiltration of bile ducts (ductitis). Bile duct epithelial damage and significant portal/periportal inflammation were present in all patients. Lobular necro-inflammation was present in five patients. Five patients improved with immunosuppression and one died with progressive GVHD. Conclusions This series focuses on hepatitic GVHD in pediatric patients. Clinical and histologic patterns are similar to what has been described in adults. Specific etiology and pathogenesis of this entity remain unclear. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:727–730. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Use of specific neuromodulators in the treatment of chronic, idiopathic cough: a systematic review.

ObjectiveThe goal of this systematic review was to examine the evidence for the use of the neuromodulating agents, amitriptyline, gabapentin, pregabalin, and baclofen, in the management of chronic, idiopathic cough patients.Data SourcesOnline databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Review, and Web of Science, and publications cited in bibliographies were used.Review MethodsLiterature was searched by the 2 authors with a priori criteria for study selection.ResultsEight relevant articles were identified, including 2 randomized controlled trials, 2 prospective cohort or case-series designs with consecutive patients, 1 retrospective case series of consecutive patients, 1 retrospective case series whose consecutive status was not known, and 2 case reports of 6 and 2 patients, respectively. Improvements in cough-specific quality of life were noted in the randomized controlled trials. Cough severity was reduced in studies that measured this outcome measure. In the remaining studies, cough symptoms were les...
ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOR OF THE OPTICAL BAND GAP OF NANOCRYSTALLINE ZINC OXIDE THIN FILMS

The optical band gap of ZnO films on fused silica in the carrier concentration regime of 10{sup 18}{endash}10{sup 20}/cm{sup 3} is reported. Contrary to theoretical predictions there is an anomalous increase in the band gap of ZnO films at a carrier concentration of 5{times}10{sup 18}/cm{sup 3}, followed by an abrupt decrease at a critical concentration of 3{endash}4{times}10{sup 19}/cm{sup 3} before the optical band gap rises again. Similar observations have been made before, but an explanation of these observations was lacking. We propose a model based on the existence of potential barriers at the grain boundaries, causing quantum confinement of the electrons in the small grains realized in these films. Quantum confinement leads to the initial rise in the optical band gap. On increasing the carrier concentration to the critical value the potentials at the grain boundaries collapse leading, to the abrupt decrease in the optical band gap. Above this carrier concentration the films behave according to existing many-body theories. {copyright} {ital 1997 Materials Research Society.}
Rheology of Self‐Associating Concentrated Xanthan Solutions

The rheology of xanthan solutions is strongly influenced by molecular association and aggregation. The relationship between rheological behavior and molecular association has been studied using dynamic oscillatory measurements, step‐shear‐rate measurements, and optical birefringence. For solutions with concentrations of 0.5% wt or below, weak association—possibly through hydrogen bonding—leads to nonlinear behavior in dynamic oscillatory measurements at high strain. For concentrations of 1% and above, liquid crystalline domains are formed and the time required to approach a steady viscosity value at low shear rates is quite long.
Nonsteroidal substances that affect serum free testosterone.

Abstract Several steroid hormones affect free testosterone (FT) levels in blood by competing with testosterone for binding sites on testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG). However, the effect of endogenous nonsteroidal substances in serum has not been reported. Some of these potential modifiers of FT were studied using equilibrium dialysis. Nonesterified fatty acids at 0.9 mM elevated FT approx 10% at pH 7.4. Investigation of the curvilinear relationship of percent FT (pFT) vs pH showed that pH-dependent changes of testosterone binding to albumin were responsible for a small linear increase in pFT with decreasing pH. The greater portion of the curvilinear increase of pFT with decreasing pH was due to fatty acids competing with testosterone for TeBG binding sites. Ketone bodies significantly affected FT (7.5% elevation) only at levels found in diabetic ketoacidosis. Sodium ions improved binding 11% when 7mM was compared to 157 mM sodium, but physiological changes in sodium would result in only ± 1 % changes in FT. Very low levels (0.03 mM) of calcium may be essential for normal testosterone binding to TeBG since 1.0 mM EGTA raised FT by 75%. This study shows that dialysis at 37°C should not be performed overnight, that thimerosol should not be used as a preservative, and that the dialysis buffer should contain physiological concentrations of sodium and calcium.
Hail-damage frequency distributions for Iowa, and a method of evaluating the probability of a specified amount of hail damage

Hail may cause significant amounts of damage to crops in agricultural areas. Using data collected by the State Department of Agriculture in Iowa, a method is described for defining the frequency distribution of hail damage to agricultural crops. These frequency distributions can be used as a means of evaluating the nature of the hail hazard in various geographic areas. It is also possible to use the frequency distribution for estimating the probability of specified amounts of hail damage.
Effect of intravascular surveillance and education program on rates of nosocomial bloodstream infections.

Background Because of high proportions of central line-related bloodstream infections (BSIs), an intravascular surveillance and education program (IVSP) was instituted in the study institution in 1987. Methods A 61/2-year historical prospective study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the IVSP on incidence of nosocomial BSIs. With use of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, concurrent data on nosocomial BSIs were collected by two infection control professionals before, during, and for 3 years afte the IVSP. Results Hospital-wide BSIs during the 3-year IVSP and for 3 years after were 0.9% and 0.9% ( p =0.58) or 1.4 and 1.2/1000 patient-days ( p =0.24). Central line-related BSIs represented 29%, 24%, and 29% of the total BSIs 6 months before, 3 years during, and 6 months after the intervention, respectively ( p =0.62). Conclusions The IVSP resulted neither in a reduction in the total intravascular catheter-related BSIs nor in a change in the proportion of potentially preventable central line-related BSIs. To be successful, an intervention must include the authority to mandate practice changes; education and feedback without such authority were inadequate.
The characteristics of epitaxial overgrowths of cuprous sulfide formed on copper films investigated by reflection high energy electron diffraction

3eflection high energy electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the growth and structural characteristics of Cu2S on single-crystal (111) copper films. The sulfide overgrowths were vapor grown by exposing the copper films to low concentrations of sulfur vapor. The overgrowths were epitaxial for the entire temperature range from 25 to 300 °C. In the thinnest layers the sulfide begins as a cubic structure, even below its transformation temperature, and proceeds to the lower temperature hexagonal form and eventually to a mixed structure including the low temperature orthorhombic Cu2S. The cubic and hexagonal overgrowths were always predominantly rotated 30° azimuthally on the (111) copper films with the following epitaxial relationship: {111} cubic Cu2S//{111} Cu, 〈110〉 Cu2S//〈211〉 Cu, and {00.1} hexagonal Cu2S//{111} Cu, 〈10.0〉 Cu2S//〈211〉 Cu. The 30° rotation resulted in a much lower misfit than in the parallel orientation. The latter orientation was also present to a lesser extent. The layer began as a very flat smooth overgrowth but then roughened and grew in the form of islands.
Estimating Nationwide Link Speed Distribution Using Probe Position Data

The purpose of this study was to investigate different methods of estimating speeds on links in United States' nationwide transportation network from different sources, such as probe vehicles and loop detectors. The Trip Speed Assignment Technique was developed and applied to the probe vehicle data to create speed distributions by time of day for many of the major roadway segments of the U.S. highway system. The technique can generate average speeds for a large network using a relatively small sample size. The average speeds follow general traffic patterns. Thus it is possible to use the probe vehicle data with the Trip Speed Assignment Technique to provide appropriate travel speed information for a large area. Exhaustive spot loop detector data have been used to compare the accuracy of the speeds derived from the Trip Speed Assignment Technique. Discrepancies are discussed and recommendations are made to improve the Trip Speed Assignment Technique.
Classroom Assessment of Student Competencies.

ABSTRACT The primary objective is to report on a classroom assessment model that provides an alternative approach to assessing competencies that can be readily adapted in academic settings committed to continuous quality improvement (CQI). The procedures described in this report advance two critical areas of education. First, they provide a model for faculty to assess the impact of their teaching on student mastery of course competencies. Second, they provide a basis for applying the continuous quality improvement philosophy to the classroom.
Cave-Dwelling Arthropods and Vertebrates of North Rim Grand Canyon, with Notes on Ecology and Management

Prior to this study, there was no information on arthropods, bats, and other vertebrates of caves in northwesternmost Arizona. Based on invertebrate and vertebrate inventory work conducted during 2005 and 2006, we provide future directions for conservation and management for caves on Grand Canyon—Parashant National Monument, northwestern Arizona. Baseline investigations to find and identify arthropods, bats, and other vertebrates were conducted at 7 of the largest known caves on the monument. We identified 52 morphospecies including 44 arthropods, 4 bats, and 4 other vertebrates. Of the cave-dwelling arthropods, we found 10 eisodophiles, 6 troglophiles, 8 questionable troglophiles, 7 trogloxenes, 8 accidentals, 3 taxa of unknown cave affiliations, and 2 mammalian parasites. We made several contributions to the entomological record including 2 new genera, 6 new species, 3 possible new species, one range extension, and one possible range extension. Also, we identified 5 bat roosts—1 hibernaculum, 2 night roosts, and 3 summer roosts of unconfirmed use. Observed arthropod richness per cave ranged from 1 to 14 morphospecies, and observed bat and other vertebrate (combined) richness was 1–3 morphospecies. We did not detect any cave-adapted arthropods during this investigation. For the caves sampled, we are uncertain whether the lack of cave-adapted taxa is due to (a) low nutrient input and high cryptoaridity associated with many southwestern cave systems or (b) lack of intensive sampling. Despite the lack of cave-adapted species, 5 of the 7 caves inventoried are considered of high management concern. Additional research at these caves will be required to obtain the data necessary to best manage and protect these systems.
Clinical presentation as a guide to early prognosis in vertebrobasilar stroke.

This study attempts to assess the feasibility and heuristic value of a classification scheme for vertebrobasilar stroke.Fifty-seven consecutive patients with vertebrobasilar stroke were classified on the basis of clinical features and computed tomographic abnormalities into single-sector (n = 19), multisector (n = 11), and top-of-the-basilar (n = 27) groups; a sector was defined as that portion of the brain stem supplied by a single penetrating (median) or branch (paramedian or lateral) artery.Thirty-day and 3-year survival rates were 100% and 71%, respectively, in the single-sector group, and 96% and 73%, respectively, in the top-of-the-basilar group. Thirty-day and 3-year stroke recurrence free survival rates were 89% and 76%, respectively, in the single-sector group, and 96% and 88%, respectively, in the top-of-the-basilar group. Seven of the 11 patients in the multisector group died within 2 months of ictus, three having experienced recurrence.These data, in part supported by prior studies, demonstrat...
College Student Athlete Success Both In and Out of the Classroom

Programmatic components of successful student services programs for student athletes are identified.