cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complete nucleotide sequence of a cryptic plasmid, pbaw301, from the ruminai anaerobe Ruminococcus flavefaciens R13e2

The complete nucleotide sequence of a cryptic plasmid designated pBAW301, from the Gram-positive ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens R13e2, has been determined. This plasmid is 1768 bp in size and has an overall G+C content of 43.5%. Computer analysis of the sequence data revealed an open reading frame, ORF1 (256 amino acids), which is similar to the Rep protein of the Bacillus borstelensis plasmid pHT926. ORF1 is preceded by Shine-Dalgarno and Escherichia coli-10 and -35 like sequences. Nine smaller open reading frames showed no significant homologies to known protein sequences. Analysis of replication intermediates and the nucleotide sequence indicate that the plasmid does not replicate by a rolling-circle mode of replication similar to other plasmids from Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, sequences typical of theta replication origins were not found in the nucleotide sequence of pBAW301. These data suggest that this plasmid either replicates by an as yet undescribed mechanism, or represents a new class of theta replicating plasmids.
Preparations for Y2K: Revisiting the Behavioral Component of the Third‐Person Effect

Although the behavioral component was an integral part of the original formulation of the third-person effect hypothesis, little research has examined the impact of biased media effect perceptions on behaviors that assume others have already been affected. The present study examines how third-person perceptions (the belief that other people are particularly vulnerable to media messages) contributed to intentions to prepare for problems stemming from Y2K, also known as the “millennium bug.” Analyses using data from 2 regional probability samples taken in late 1999 show that perceptions about the potential effects of news messages influenced public anxiety about the Y2K situation and beliefs that other people would overprepare for the new year. These 2 variables, in turn, predicted intentions to stockpile supplies of food, water, gasoline, and cash. The article discusses the implications of these findings for understanding the relationship between perceptions of media effects and an extended range of behaviors.
A Genealogy for Reception History

Reception history, as a subfield of Biblical Studies, is often defined as a new methodological paradigm, categorically distinct from both the reconstructive claims of his­torical-critical methodology and the engrained theological premises at the heart of traditional histories of biblical interpretation. There are fundamental differences between reception history as it is practiced today and traditional histories of inter­pretation, chief among them the priority granted to theology, history, text, and culture. Yet indiscriminate generalizations are rarely as edifying as specific historical textual illustrations. This article discusses several histories of interpretation, sixteenth century to the present, as case studies, focusing on their methods, assumptions, and metacritical thinking. The relationship between past and present methods is intricate and nuanced in these instances, far beyond the hackneyed “theology-history” distinction so prevalent today.
Delta-operator based efficient stability tests

Three different kinds of stability test algorithms are proposed when a real polynomial formulated in the delta-operator is given. The method used is a simple and clear linear transformation based on some known discrete-time tests including the Schur-Cohn test. But it results in several new tests in both the discrete-time with the S-operator formulation and the continuous-time. It is shown that as the sampling interval vanishes all new algorithms converge to their continuous-time limits, therefore providing smooth transitions from the shift-operator based discrete-time algorithms to the continuous-time ones. This establishes three separate but related families of stability tests, including the well known Schur-Cohn test and Routh test. Examples are given to demonstrate the /spl delta/-operator based algorithms which show clear numerical advantages over the traditional shift-operator based ones such as the Schur-Cohn test in case of fast sampling.
Pancreatic mucinous ductal ectasia and intraductal papillary neoplasms. A single malignant clinicopathologic entity.

Objective The purpose of the study is to review a single institutional experience with mucinous ductal ectasia (MDE) and intraductal papillary neoplasms (lPNs) and to compare the clinicopathologic features of the two groups of tumors. Background Data Mucinous ductal ectasia and lPNs represent newly recognized categories of pancreatic exocrine tumors, previously confused with pancreatic cystic neoplasms. The natural history of MDE and IPN is not well understood, and it is unclear whether MDE and IPN represent two distinct tumors or the same clinicopathologic entity. Methods The authors reviewed the clinical presentation, treatment, histopathology, and outcomes of 23 patients diagnosed with MDE or IPN at their institution over the past 6 years. Results The mean age at presentation for the cohort of patients with MDE and IPN was 62.5 years. The prevalence of abdominal pain was 75%, jaundice 25%, weight loss 42%, steatorrhea 37.5%, diabetes 37.5%, and history of pancreatitis 29%. Serum CA 19-9 levels ranged from 0 to 5350 units/mL with high levels reflecting advanced disease. There were no significant differences between MDE and IPN with respect to these parameters. Both MDE and IPN comprised papillary villous epithelial neoplasms involving the main and large pancreatic ducts. The tumors ranged from a few millimeters in size to panductal and were distinguished easily from cystic neoplasms in all cases. Invasive carcinoma was present in 11 (46%) of 24 patients, carcinoma in situ in an additional 10 (42%) of 24 patients, and low grade dysplasia in the remaining 3 (12%) of 24 patients. Mucinous ductal ectasia and IPN differed histopathologically only in degree of mucin secretion and tumor location. Mucinous ductal ectasia, but not IPN, was characteristically mucin-hypersecreting and more frequently involved the head of the gland than did IPN (11/16 vs. 1/8, p < 0.04). All patients were explored surgically and 20 (83%) of 24 of the tumors were resectable with frozen section control of the duct margins (9 pancreatoduodenectomies, 4 distal pancreatectomies, 7 total pancreatectomies). Despite the 88% prevalence of cancer, the overall survival at a mean follow-up of 21 months was 13 (87%) of 15 for MDE and 5 (71%) of 7 for IPN. Conclusions Intraductal papillary neoplasms with or without MDE represent a spectrum of main duct papillary tumors ranging from adenoma to carcinoma with differing amounts of extracellular mucin production. Malignant lPNs with or without MDE typically exhibit extensive intraductal growth but are slow to invade the periductal tissues and slow to metastasize. The majority of patients with these tumors have resectable disease and a favorable prognosis; endoscopic therapy is inappropriate. The encompassing term intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors is appropriate.
Towards Use And Reuse Driven Big Data Management

We propose a use and reuse driven big data management approach that fuses the data repository and data processing capabilities in a co-located, public cloud. It answers to the urgent data management needs from the growing number of researchers who don't fit in the big science/small science dichotomy. This approach will allow researchers to more easily use, manage, and collaborate around big data sets, as well as give librarians the opportunity to work alongside the researchers to preserve and curate data while it is still fresh and being actively used. This also provides the technological foundation to foster a sharing culture more aligned with the open source software development paradigm than the lone-wolf, gift-exchanging small science sharing or the top-down, highly structured big science sharing. To materialize this vision, we provide a system architecture consisting of a scalable digital repository system coupled with the co-located cloud storage and cloud computing, as well as a job scheduler and a deployment management system. Motivated by Virginia Tech's Goodwin Hall instrumentation project, we implemented and evaluated a prototype. The results show not only sufficient capacities for this particular case, but also near perfect linear storage and data processing scalabilities under moderately high workload.
Cough and Wheezing from Beclomethasone Aerosol

Cough and wheezing are frequent side effects of inhaling beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol (BA) in patients with asthma. Twenty percent of our outpatient asthmatic subjects are unable to take BA due to these side effects. Twelve patients with history of severe cough and wheezing after inhaling BA were tested. Three puffs of either BA or placebo (Plc) were administered from a metered dose inhaler (MDI) in a double-blind crossover design. They coughed a mean of 31 times after BA and 19 times after Plc. Forced expiratory volume in one sec (FEV 1 ) declined a mean of 22.6 percent after BA and 22.0 percent after Plc. Pretreatment with albuterol attenuated both the cough and the drop in FEV 1, Follow-up study showed that regular pretreatment with bronchodilator enabled seven of 12 patients to tolerate BA therapy. The remaining five required a short course of increased dose oral steroid therapy. Cough and wheezing are frequent side effects of BA therapy that interfere with regular compliance. Pretreatment with a bronchodilator is effective in attenuating these side effects in some patients; in others, a short course of oral steroid therapy may be necessary.
A square-root data array solution of the continuous-discrete filtering problem

The Dyer-McReynolds [1] discrete square-root filtering algorithm is extended to accommodate continuous dynamics. Differential equations are given to represent the time evolution of the filter data array. These equations are nonlinear, but it is shown that the nonlinearities act to enhance the stability of the solution.
Greetings from the President

C lothier (1885–1970), president of Rutgers from 1932 to 1951, writes . "It is gratifying to welcome this first issue of The Journal of the Rutgers University Library. Through the Journal we shall come to know our Library better. We shall "discover" the real treasures it holds. We shall understand better the great opportunities which lie before us."
An exotic insect and pathogen disease complex reduces aboveground tree biomass in temperate forests of eastern North America

Forests store a large portion of global carbon in tree and soil biomass. However, our understanding of the factors that may reduce rates of forest carbon accumulation is incomplete. This study exam...
DNA replication by a possible continuous-discontinuous mechanism in homogenates of Physarum polycephalum containing dextran.

Abstract Nuclear DNA synthesis in homogenates of Physarum is greatly stimulated by the presence of dextran in the homogenizing medium. In this cell-free system, the DNA precursor is incorporated approximately equally into two classes of DNA intermediates. One of these is similar in size to that observed previously in the intact organism, i.e. its sedimentation rate in alkaline sucrose density gradients increases, presumably by chain elongation, as the organism progresses through the S phase. The other class (approx. 10 S) is similar to ‘Okazaki’ fragments. Thus, nuclear DNA synthesis in homogenates of Physarum may occur by a continuous-discontinuous mechanism. Substantial DNA-synthetic activity is obtained by the addition of dextran to dextran-free homogenates. Maximal activity in this system requires the presence of both the nuclear and post-nuclear supernatant fractions. It is possible that a partial separation and recombination of a DNA polymerase and the endogenous template is effected by this procedure.
Chaotic dynamical behavior in a simplified rotor blade lag model

Abstract An investigation into the effects of pitch oscillation on the dynamical behavior of a simplified non-linear rotor blade lag model is presented, the objective being to evaluate under what conditions a rotor blade might exhibit chaotic behavior. Such behavior is shown to exist, and to exhibit a strong dependence on the specific parametric configuration of the system.
Surveillance of Gentamicin-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in a General Hospital

Aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens from 1 January to 31 December 1976 were tested for gentamicin and tobramycin resistance by standardized disk testing. For Pseudomonas isolates, gentamicin resistance was 17.1% and tobramycin resistance was 2.8%. For other gram-negative bacilli, gentamicin resistance was 5.5% and tobramycin resistance was 5.4%. Seventy-four patients from whom gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolated from 1 January to 30 June 1976 were studied prospectively. These patients were elderly, had serious underlying diseases, and had received prior antibiotic therapy. Eleven patients carried gentamicin-resistant organisms at the time of transfer to our hospital from community hospitals or nursing homes. Of the 82 isolates from these 74 patients, 52 were from the urine. Pseudomonas was found most frequently (32 isolates), followed by Klebsiella (15 isolates), Enterobacter (10 isolates), Serratia (10 isolates), and Proteus (9 isolates). Only 3 of 32 Pseudomonas isolates caused symptomatic infection, while 16 of 50 other gram-negative bacilli were responsible for symptomatic infection. Although amikacin was the most active drug against gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli and had not been used in our hospital at the time of this study, 25% of Pseudomonas and 18% of all gram-negative bacilli showed resistance to this aminoglycoside.
THE ACTION OF Δ1 HYDROCORTISONE ON THE ANTIDIURETIC AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC RESPONSES TO NOXIOUS STIMULI1

Rats treated with large doses of Δ1 bydrocortisone do not exhibit a decrease in the adrenal ascorbic acid concentration after exposure to painful stimuli, injection with histamine or injection with nicotine. Such animals do respond to ACTH. Hydration results in a greater diuresis in Δ1 hydrocortisone-treated than in untreated rats. Exposure to noxious stimuli produces the same antidiuretic response in treated and untreated rats if such measures are taken in 20 or more hours after the injection of the corticosteroid. The minimal dosage of Pitressin intraperitoneally necessary to produce a significant decrease in the concentration of the adrenal ascorbic acid is more than 10 times greater in the hydrocortisone-treated than in the untreated rats. A significant decrease in adrenal ascorbic acid is produced in the treated animals by the intravenous injection of approximately twice the dosage required intraperitoneally by the untreated rat. Increasing the intravenous dosage produces no further depletion of asco...
Emotions are expressed more intensely on the left side of the face

Pictures of human faces posing six distinct emotions (plus a neutral expression) and their mirror reversals were split down the midlines, and left-side and right-side composites were constructed. Subjects judged left-side composites as expressing emotions more intensely than right-side composites. The finding indicates hemispheric asymmetry in the control over emotional expression in the face.
Spontaneous reduction before 12 weeks' gestation and selective reduction similarly extend time to delivery in in vitro fertilization of trichorionic-triamniotic triplets.

Objective To determine the prevalence and the relative benefits conferred by selective and spontaneous reduction of one or more fetuses in trichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancies on time to delivery. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) IVF patients with trichorionic triamniotic triplets between January 1998 and December 2007. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Gestational length at time of delivery. Result(s) Selective reduction to twins was used in 87 of the 153 (56.9%) triplet pregnancies that did not spontaneously reduce prior to Conclusion(s) Selective reduction of one fetus was used in 56.9% of patients in this population. Early spontaneous reduction (
Behavior of transition metal disulfides intercalated with sodium as solid solution electrodes

Abstract The effects of sodium intercalation in TiS 2 , TaS 2 and NbS 2 have been studied using high temperature sodium cells which utilize beta″-alumina as a solid electrolyte. The stability of this electrolyte in the voltage range in which intercalation and deintercalation occur makes it possible to study these processes without interference from background reactions and electrolyte cointercalation. Our cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic experiments show that ternary compounds having sodium concentrations near unity can be obtained by electrochemical titration. Sodium intercalation is found to be reversible in TiS 2 and TaS 2 over the entire concentration range, while NbS 2 can be reversibly intercalated to a lesser extent. Intercalation is observed to proceed in steps, which may be associated with changes in the stacking order of the disulfides slabs.
Development of a compact phase-measuring ESPI system using single-mode fiber and diode laser

Described in this paper is a compact phase measuring ESPI system that incorporates single mode fiber and diode laser. The single mode fiber along with diode laser provides ease of system arrangement but also causes wavelength fluctuation and instability. The wavelength instability was reduced to an acceptable level with an optical isolator. Experimental studies on wavelength stability of the diode laser, the back-reflection intensity from the fiber ends, and their influence on the system are presented.
Vulnerability of premyelinating oligodendrocytes to white-matter damage in neonatal brain injury

Premature birth is a significant economic and public health burden, and its incidence is rising. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury in premature infants and the leading cause of cerebral palsy. PVL is characterized by selective white-matter damage with prominent oligodendroglial injury. The maturation-dependent vulnerability of developing and premyelinating oligodendrocytes to excitotoxic, oxidative, and inflammatory forms of injury is a major factor in the pathogenesis of PVL. Recent studies using mouse models of PVL reveal that synapses between axons and developing oligodendrocytes are quickly and profoundly damaged in immature white matter. Axon-glia synapses are highly vulnerable to white-matter injury in the developing brain, and the loss of synapses between axons and premyelinating oligodendrocytes occurs before any cellular loss in the immature white matter. Microglial activation and astrogliosis play important roles in triggering white-matter injury. Impairment of white-matter development and function in the neonatal period contributes critically to functional and behavioral deficits. Preservation of the integrity of the white matter is likely key in the treatment of PVL and subsequent neurological consequences and disabilities.
Ghosts of yellowstone: multi-decadal histories of wildlife populations captured by bones on a modern landscape.

Natural accumulations of skeletal material (death assemblages) have the potential to provide historical data on species diversity and population structure for regions lacking decades of wildlife monitoring, thereby contributing valuable baseline data for conservation and management strategies. Previous studies of the ecological and temporal resolutions of death assemblages from terrestrial large-mammal communities, however, have largely focused on broad patterns of community composition in tropical settings. Here, I expand the environmental sampling of large-mammal death assemblages into a temperate biome and explore more demanding assessments of ecological fidelity by testing their capacity to record past population fluctuations of individual species in the well-studied ungulate community of Yellowstone National Park (Yellowstone). Despite dramatic ecological changes following the 1988 wildfires and 1995 wolf re-introduction, the Yellowstone death assemblage is highly faithful to the living community in species richness and community structure. These results agree with studies of tropical death assemblages and establish the broad capability of vertebrate remains to provide high-quality ecological data from disparate ecosystems and biomes. Importantly, the Yellowstone death assemblage also correctly identifies species that changed significantly in abundance over the last 20 to ~80 years and the directions of those shifts (including local invasions and extinctions). The relative frequency of fresh versus weathered bones for individual species is also consistent with documented trends in living population sizes. Radiocarbon dating verifies the historical source of bones from Equus caballus (horse): a functionally extinct species. Bone surveys are a broadly valuable tool for obtaining population trends and baseline shifts over decadal-to-centennial timescales.
What’s New in the Recognition and Management of Septic Shock in Children: Dos and Don'ts

While there has been a reduction in the number of children dying of septic shock in the richer countries of the world, septic shock remains an important cause of both mortality and morbidity for children across the world. Major reduction in the incidence of septic shock will depend on the implementation of public health measures, including immunization. Improvements in outcome of pediatric septic shock have been closely linked to early recognition (although this may be challenging in many situations); early antibiotic administration; early and appropriate fluid administration and subsequent escalation of critical care. A particular challenge has been the development and implementation of systems to ensure that these elements of management are reliably and efficiently implemented in children (even in well-resourced countries). Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of caring for patients with acute severe sepsis and septic shock in countries with fewer resources, and there is an urgent need for further studies to elucidate the implications of these studies for the management of children with septic shock, particularly in settings where additional critical care support such as inotropic or ventilator support may not be readily available.
Performance of anesthesia residents during a simulated prone ventricular fibrillation arrest in an anesthetized pediatric patient.

SummaryBackground Exposure to rare pediatric anesthesia emergencies varies depending on the residency program. Simulation can provide increased exposure to these rare events, improve performance of residents, and also aid in standardizing the curriculum. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate time to recognize and treat ventricular fibrillation in a pediatric prone patient and to expose learners to the difficulties of managing emergencies in prone patients. Methods Standardized simulation sessions were conducted monthly for 13 months with groups of 1–2 residents in each simulation. The scenario involved a prone patient undergoing posterior spinal fusion. Ventricular fibrillation occurred three minutes into the case. Sessions were viewed by simulation staff, and time to events was recorded. A scripted debriefing followed each case. Evaluations were completed by each participant. Results The average time to start chest compressions was 77 s, and the average time in recognizing ventricular fibrillation was 76 s. No group performed chest compressions while prone. Only one group defibrillated in the prone position. Participants average time to request defibrillation was 108 s. While nine of 13 groups (69%) ordered an arterial blood gas, only five recognized hyperkalemia, and only four groups gave calcium. Conclusions Anesthesia residents need additional training in recognizing and treating operative ventricular fibrillation, especially in prone patients and rarely encountered etiologies such as hyperkalemia. Training in the treatment of uncommon pediatric emergencies should be a focal point in anesthesia residency programs.
The Divergence of Japanese and U.S. Corporate Financial Structure

A comparison of the balance sheet structure of the largest U.S. and Japanese firms for 1979 shows that Japanese firms significantly differ from U.S. firms in their greater reliance on bank-funded short-term debt, low levels and composition of net working capital, parsimonious use of stockholder's equity, and greater commitment to long-term investments in other corporations.
Copulation duration and probability of insemination in Anthocoris whitei (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) as a function of male body size

The influence of male and female body size on copulation duration and probability of insemination was determined for Anthocoris whitei Reuter allowed to mate at two temperatures. Copulation duration decreased significantly with increasing male length or increasing relative size (male length divided by female length). Female length had no effect on copulation duration. We interrupted copulation at 20 or 40 min at both 25 and 15 °C to determine the interacting effects of male size, temperature, and copulation duration on probability of insemination. Insemination probabilities increased with increasing male size, increasing temperature, and increased duration of copulation. Large males were more successful than small males at inseminating females at cool temperatures and for severely shortened copulations. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that males of this species experience physical difficulties either in achieving intromission or in forcing sperm through the aedeagus, and that larger body size in males lessens these difficulties.
Short-term variability of mood ratings in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients

The ability of depressed patients to assess their mood states is controversial. We devised a scale consisting of a global item and 23 multiple visual analog items based on the Carroll/Klein model of depression. Short-term reliability of self-ratings in 13 unipolar and 11 bipolar depressed patients was tested. Subjects completed the scale and were retested 1 h later. Global clinician and self-ratings demonstrated similar episode severity between the groups and global self-ratings were highly reliable at retest for both groups. Unipolar depressed patients demonstrated high retest reliability on individual items of the MVAS. Bipolar patients demonstrated greater variability of responses suggesting greater short-term mood fluctuation in bipolar patients.
Polybrominated biphenyls in raw milk and processed dairy products.

Milk from four dairy herds identified by the Michigan Department of Agriculture as containing less than .3 ppm (fat basis) physiologically incorporated polybrominated biphenyls was processed individually into cream, skim milk, butter, and stirred curd cheese. Pasteurized and freeze-dried whole milk, skim milk, and cream, spray-dried whole milk and skim milk, and condensed whole milk were made also. Polybrominated biphenyls were concentrated in the high-fat products. Pasteurized skim milk, buttermilk, and whey had slightly more polybrominated biphenyls than pasteurized whole milk on a fat basis. Spray-drying reduced the polybrominated biphenyls in whole milk and skim milk while pasteurization, freeze-drying, aging of cheese, and condensation were not effective.
Quantifying Error in Survey Measures of School and Classroom Environments

Developing indicators that reflect important aspects of school and classroom environments has become central in a nationwide effort to develop comprehensive programs that measure teacher quality and effectiveness. Formulating teacher evaluation policy necessitates accurate and reliable methods for measuring these environmental variables. This article investigates different approaches to quantify measurement error in school- and classroom-level indicators constructed from survey data collected at a lower level of aggregation (i.e., teachers or students). Within a generalizability theory framework the article first compares four widely used approaches for accounting for measurement error in school- and classroom-level aggregate indicators. Then, it uses two empirical examples to demonstrate how each of these approaches can lead to different conclusions about the precision of aggregate indicators, and can influence inferences about the relationships between environmental variables and policy-relevant outcome...
Periodic epileptiform discharges in hypoxic encephalopathy: BiPLEDs and GPEDs as a poor prognosis for survival.

Introduction: Electrophysiologic tests in hypoxic encephalopathy consist of EEG and evoked/eventrelated potential studies. In most studies the generalized periodic epileptiform complexes have been reported combined with other EEG patterns and were indicators of a poor outcome in different etiologies of hypoxic encephalopathy (HE), but these have rarely been examined independently. Methodology: We analyzed from 2000 to 2007 the outcome of patients with HE and generalized periodic epileptiform complexes. We abstracted and tabulated clinical information, imaging findings, and outcome from the medical records. Results: We found 52 patients in our database. Fourteen patients (eight BiPLEDs and six GPEDs) were associated with HE. Patients with BIPLEDs were 68 19.4 years old, 5 female (62%) and 3 (38%) men. GPEDs patients were 52.5 19.1 years old, 2 women (20%) and 4 (80%) men. Myocardial infarction and ventricular tachycardia were responsible of 57% of the HE cases. Neuroimaging studies in both groups showed cortical structural lesions in 84%. All patients were comatose and died. Two GPEDs patients developed status epilepticus.
On the Yvon–Born–Green approach to the density distribution of inhomogeneous fluid

Fischer’s approximation (ref.1,2) in applying the Yvon−Born−Green equation to the theory of inhomogeneous fluids is used to calculate the density distribution of one dimensional hard−rods in an external field.(AIP)
Memory enchancement by anticholinesterase as a function of initial learning.

WHEN a well learned habit is clearly remembered its recall is blocked by an intracerebral injection of the anticholinesterase di-isopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)1. When, however, the same habit is almost forgotten its memory is enhanced by treatment with the same drug2. Here we show that when a habit is only partially learned its recall is enhanced by injection of the anticholinesterase DFP, and further that the better the original learning of the habit the worse the recall of the habit after treatment with the drug.
Backstepping Approach of Adaptive Control, Gain Selection and DSP Implementation for AC Servo System

Nonlinear adaptive backstepping control of AC servo system is developed. A systematic approach is presented to derive the new nonlinear control scheme. A digital control system is designed and implemented based on a low-cost DSP controller, TMS320C32. The selection guideline for the control gains is presented. The control system can achieve satisfactory performance in position tracking and load estimation.
Flexible bow-tie antennas with reduced metallization

This paper presents design, simulation, fabrication and measurement of a modified bow-tie antenna with reduced metallization. The antenna is mounted on a flexible substrate which is fabricated at the Flexible Display Center (FDC) of Arizona State University (ASU). The substrate is heat stabilized polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) which allows the antenna to be flexible. The antenna is fed by the aid of a microstrip-to-coplanar feed network balun. The reduction of the metallization is based on the observation that the majority of the current density is confined towards the edges of the regular bow-tie antenna. Hence, the centers of the triangular parts of the bow-tie antenna are removed. The radiation performance of the modified bow-tie is verified to be very close to the conventional bow-tie by simulations and measurements.
Crystal Structure of Human Cyclophilin A Bound to the Amino-Terminal Domain of HIV-1 Capsid

Abstract The HIV-1 capsid protein forms the conical core structure at the center of the mature virion. Capsid also binds the human peptidyl prolyl isomerase, cyclophilin A, thereby packaging the enzyme into the virion. Cyclophilin A subsequently performs an essential function in HIV-1 replication, possibly helping to disassemble the capsid core upon infection. We report the 2.36 A crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of HIV-1 capsid (residues 1–151) in complex with human cyclophilin A. A single exposed capsid loop (residues 85–93) binds in the enzyme's active site, and Pro-90 adopts an unprecedented trans conformation. The structure suggests how cyclophilin A can act as a sequence-specific binding protein and a nonspecific prolyl isomerase. In the crystal lattice, capsid molecules assemble into continuous planar strips. Side by side association of these strips may allow capsid to form the surface of the viral core. Cyclophilin A could then function by weakening the association between capsid strips, thereby promoting disassembly of the viral core.
Exploiting cross-channel quantizer error correlation in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters

Uniform quantizers are often modeled as additive uncorrelated noise sources. This paper explores the validity of the additive noise model in the environment of time-interleaved A/D converters. Cross-channel quantizer error correlation is an important discrepancy that arises for channel time delays in close proximity. It is demonstrated through simulation that negative error correlation occurs for different granularity quantizers in close proximity. Statistical analysis is presented to characterize error correlation between quantizers with different granularity. A technique exploiting this correlation often yields significant performance gains above the optimal additive noise model solution.
Overlaying ultrasonographic images on direct vision.

The objective of this technical advance is to permit in situ visualization of ultrasonographic images so that direct hand-eye coordination can be used during invasive procedures. A method is presented that merges the visual outer surface of a patient with a simultaneous ultrasonographic scan of the patient’s interior. The method combines a flat-panel monitor with a half-silvered mirror such that the image on the monitor is reflected precisely at the proper location within the patient. The ultrasonographic image is superimposed in real time on the patient, merging with the operator’s hands and any invasive tools in the field of view. Instead of looking away from the patient at an ultrasonographic monitor, the operator sees through skin and underlying tissue as if it were translucent. Two working prototypes have been constructed, demonstrating independence of viewer location and requiring no special apparatus to be worn by the operator. This method could enable needles and scalpels to be manipulated with direct hand-eye coordination under ultrasonographic guidance. Invasive tools would be visible up to where they enter the skin, permitting natural visual extrapolation into the ultrasonographic slice. Biopsy needles would no longer be restricted to lie in the plane of the ultrasonographic scan but could instead intersect it. These advances could lead to increased safety, ease, and reliability in certain invasive procedures.
Computational algorithms for tracking dynamic fluid–structure interfaces in embedded boundary methods

A robust, accurate, and computationally efficient interface tracking algorithm is a key component of an embedded/immersed computational framework for the solution of fluid-structure interaction problems with complex and deformable geometries. To a large extent, the design of such an algorithm has focused on the case of a closed embedded interface and a Cartesian Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) grid. Here, two robust and efficient interface tracking computational algorithms capable of operating on structured as well as unstructured three-dimensional CFD grids are presented. The first one is based on a projection approach, whereas the second one is based on a collision approach. The first algorithm is faster. However, it is restricted to closed interfaces and resolved enclosed volumes. The second algorithm is therefore slower. However, it can handle open shell surfaces and underresolved enclosed volumes. Both computational algorithms exploit the bounding box hierarchy technique and its parallel distributed implementation to efficiently store and retrieve the elements of the discretized embedded interface. They are illustrated, and their respective performances are assessed and contrasted, with the solution of three-dimensional, nonlinear, dynamic fluid-structure interaction problems pertaining to aeroelastic and underwater implosion applications.
Determination of radio-frequency phase in harmonic frequency modulation spectroscopy

We have devised two useful schemes to determine the rf phase of the modulation waveforms in harmonic FM spectroscopy, a novel technique that we reported recently for the removal of residual amplitude modulation. The first method is based on the study of the signal line shapes as a function of the relative rf phase of the two modulating signals. By comparing the experimental results with the theoretical ones, the rf phase can be accurately inferred. The second method requires an analysis of the laser FM sideband spectrum. Since the two harmonic rf waveforms are coherently generated and applied simultaneously to the modulator, the frequency-modulated sideband spectrum should show an interference pattern that reveals the rf phase relationship. With the rf phase information available, a suitable feedback control may then be easily incorporated into the spectroscopic detection system.
Evaluation of Flux Trapping in Superconducting Circuits

At ASC 2006 we presented our technique for experimental evaluation and comparative study of the damage created by flux trapping in superconductor circuits. Here, we present results of this study for different designs of functionally identical shift registers. The only differences between the designs are sizes, shapes and densities of moats surrounding the circuitry. The measured critical magnetic fields are inversely proportional to the second power of the distance between the moat and the protected area. This observation is qualitatively correct even for non-uniform patterns of straight and bent moats. With better understanding of the protection mechanism we were able to increase the threshold magnetic fields for our circuits from 4 mG to about 20 mG. Our design recommendations allow the magnetic shield requirements to be dramatically relaxed. In particular, we predict that with a 5 micrometer distance between moats, well designed circuits would be able to operate in Earth field (0.3 G to 0.6 G) without any shielding.
Feature extraction for {DW}-{MRI} visualization: the state of the art and beyond

By measuring the anisotropic self-diusion rates of water, Diusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) provides a unique noninvasive probe of fibrous tissue. In particular, it has been explored widely for imaging nerve fiber tracts in the human brain. Geometric features provide a quick visual overview of the complex datasets that arise from DW-MRI. At the same time, they build a bridge towards quantitative analysis, by extracting explicit representations of structures in the data that are relevant to specific research questions. Therefore, features in DWMRI data are an active research topic not only within scientific visualization, but have received considerable interest from the medical image analysis, neuroimaging, and computer vision communities. It is the goal of this paper to survey contributions from all these fields, concentrating on streamline clustering, edge detection and segmentation, topological methods, and extraction of anisotropy creases. We point out interrelations between these topics and make suggestions for future research.
Autophagy: a potential therapeutic target in lung diseases

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionally conserved intracellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis by facilitating the turnover of protein aggregates, cellular debris, and damaged organelles. During autophagy, cytosolic constituents are engulfed into double-membrane-bound vesicles called “autophagosomes,” which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Accumulated evidence suggests that autophagy is critically involved not only in the basal physiological states but also in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Interestingly, a diverse variety of clinically approved drugs modulate autophagy to varying extents, although they are not currently utilized for the therapeutic purpose of manipulating autophagy. In this review, we highlight the functional roles of autophagy in lung diseases with focus on the recent progress of the potential therapeutic use of autophagy-modifying drugs in clinical medicine. The purpose of this review is to discuss the merits, and the pitfalls, of modulating autophagy as a therapeutic strategy in lung diseases.
Retrospective Analysis of the Electronic Health Record of Patients Enrolled in a Computerized Glucose Management Protocol

We describe the application of a suite of tools called RetroGuide to facilitate the retrospective analysis of lifetime electronic health record data. Several clinical and informatics questions are explored in a cohort of intensive care patients. The analysis is targeted at monitoring the use and evaluating the outcomes of a computerized glucose management protocol developed at Intermountain Healthcare. We present a graphical RetroGuide scenario which models several clinical events happening prior, during and after the execution of the current protocol. We briefly review previous protocol evaluations and compare them to RetroGuide's capabilities and results.
Precoding for convolutional codes

The study the distance relations between the input sequences and the code sequences in convolutional codes. Namely, starting from some encoder realization of a code, we investigate the effect of inserting a precoder before the encoder. The precoder is a one-to-one operation on input sequences, and it may have memory. We show how the precoder affects the bit error rate of the input and the level of protection of the input subsequences.
Spectral Factorization in Periodically Time-Varying Systems and Application to Navigation Problems

Spectral factorization is a powerful tool in deriving the steady-state solution of Kalman filtering equations. It is an algebraic, nortrecursive method, thus economical in terms of computing cost, when compared with the conventional iterative algorithm. In this paper the technique is extended to time-varying systems having periodic coefficient matrices for both discrete and continuous systems. The tracking of low-thrust spacecraft from an Earth-based station is used as an example and a sensitivity study is performed using a computer program incorporating the algorithm.
Adaptation of the tyramine method to routine cheese analysis.

Summary The determination of tyramine in cheese has involved a long tedious procedure. A number of changes have been made to shorten the method without loss of accuracy. These include elimination of initial fat extractions, greater dilution of cheese solutions to reduce emulsion formation, more rapid extraction and use of different quantities of cheese and reagents. These changes makethis method more adaptable for routine analysis of cheese.
Immunohistochemical Staining of Chlamydial Antigen in Emerald Tree Boas (Corallus Caninus)

Of 120 privately owned captive-bred and wild-collected emerald tree boas (ETBs) (Corallus caninus), 97 died or were euthanatized. Eighteen snakes were necropsied, and tissues were collected from all major organs and processed for light microscopy. Histologic examination demonstrated histiocytic granulomas in the small intestine, heart, and esophageal tonsils of one ETB, small intestine of a second ETB, and in an esophageal tonsil of a third ETB. Within the center of these granulomas, small, basophilic, punctate organisms were demonstrated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Transmission electron microscopic examination of an intestinal granuloma demonstrated developmental stages of organisms consistent with members of the family Chlamydiaceae. An immunoperoxidase staining technique and 2 different commercially available monoclonal antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide antigen was used to identify chlamydial antigen in these lesions. Liver of a puff adder (Bitis arietans) with previously reported systemic chlamydiosis served as the positive control. Both monoclonal antibodies stained antigen in these granulomas. Additionally, macrophages within aggregates of lymphoplasmacytic cells in the colon, small intestine, and esophageal tonsils of 3 other ETBs contained antigen. Although both antibodies labeled antigen in serial sections of tissue, a difference in staining intensity was noted.
Onboard classification of hyperspectral data on the Earth Observing One mission

Remote-sensed hyperspectral data represents significant challenges in downlink due to its large data volumes. This paper describes a research program designed to process hyperspectral data products onboard spacecraft to (a) reduce data downlink volumes and (b) decrease latency to provide key data products (often by enabling use of lower data rate communications systems). We describe efforts to develop onboard processing to study volcanoes, floods, and cryosphere, using the Hyperion hyperspectral imager and onboard processing for the Earth Observing One (EO-1) mission as well as preliminary work targeting the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) mission.
Developing a Leadership Perspective in the Classroom

This paper presents a normative pedagogical model that integrates leadership theory, student development, and cognitive/ego development. The fi rst step, assessment of students' developmental stage/ needs, uses a developmental model to assess students' developmental and motivational needs. The second step, selection of teaching style, incorporates leadership literature to develop teaching styles selected based on the developmental and motivational needs of students. The third step in the continuous process, evaluation of outcomes, involves assessment of either continued development and/or increased student motivation and improved student learning. Research and teaching implications of the proposed model are also discussed.
Synchronous and asynchronous dna synthesis in multinucleated ehrlich ascites tumor cells compared with multinucleated cells cultured from frog lung.

Summary Monolayers from cultured explants of frog lung contained 10% binucleated and 0.2% multinucleated (3 or more nuclei) cells. Seven-day-old populations of Ehrlich ascites cells contained 1.6% binucleated and 0.4% multinucleated cells. Fourteen-day-old populations of Ehrlich ascites cells contained 11% binucleated and 4% multinucleated cells. The bi-and multi-nucleated frog lung cells synthesized their DNA synchronously, and during DNA synthesis all nuclei in the same cell incorporated 3H-thymidine at an equal rate. Most of the bi-and multi-nucleated Ehrlich cells replicated their DNA synchronously in their 19th hour of newly initiated recurrent growth. However, 13% of all the binucleated and 18% of all multinucleated Ehrlich cells in recurrent growth replicated their DNA asynchronously. Some of the bi- and multi-nucleated cells in synchronous DNA synthesis incorporated 3H-thymidine at different rates per nucleus. Nevertheless, almost all of the bi- and multi-nucleated Ehrlich cells studied entered mitosis synchronously. There were only two cases of multinucleated Ehrlich cells showing one nucleus in interphase with the rest in prophase. In no case, however, did an interphase nucleus appear in a cell with metaphase chromosomes in it.