cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absorption Edge Fluoroscopy

The technique presented is an approach to absorp tion edge transmission imaging which eliminates the need for monoenergetic x-ray sources, detector scanning, and energy analysis of transmitted x-rays. Subtraction of images formed with heavily filtered x-ray beams peaked at energies above and below the K absorption edge is accomplished with image-intensified fluoroscopy equipment coupled to a pair of storage tubes. Images of iodine and xenon concentrations of 1 mg/cm2 have been imaged in 15 cm phantoms in a few seconds. When automated, the system will provide similar sensitivity in 20 cm phantoms, with imaging times of 1 second or less with resolution on the order of 1 mm. Several preliminary images are presented which relate to possible future clinical studies.
A system for computer analysis of panorex radiographs

Abstract A computer system developed for rapid analysis of panorex (panoramic) radiographs is described. Features of the system include capabilities to compare non-standardized radiographs, and the ability to superimpose plots of a series of X-rays films. Measurements of alveolar ridge heights and comparisons at intervals in a clinical series are also performed. Simple statistics calculations can also be computed.
Does sleep quality mediate the association between neighborhood disorder and self-rated physical health?

Abstract Objectives We examine the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and self-rated physical health. Building on previous research, we test whether this association is mediated by sleep quality. Methods We use data from the 2004 Survey of Texas Adults (n = 1323) to estimate a series of ordinary least squares regression models. We formally assess mediation by testing for significant changes in the effect of neighborhood disorder before and after adjusting for sleep quality. Results We find that residence in a neighborhood that is perceived as noisy, unclean, and crime-ridden is associated with poorer self-rated physical health, even with controls for irregular exercise, poor diet quality, smoking, binge drinking, obesity and a host of relevant sociodemographic factors. Our results also indicate that the relationship between neighborhood disorder and self-rated physical health is partially mediated by lower sleep quality. Conclusion Targeted interventions designed to promote sleep quality in disadvantaged neighborhoods may help to improve the physical health of residents in the short-term. Policies aimed at solving the problem of neighborhood disorder are needed to support sleep quality and physical health in the long-term.
Faunal Horizons in the Bristol Coalfield

The Bristol Coalfield differs from the Midland and more northerly fields in the paucity of animal remains which have been discovered therein. Whereas the last-mentioned coalfields are capable of division by their faunas alone, the Bristol Coalfield, and the South Wales Coalfield, can hardly be so treated; and, for the same reason, no close correlation with the Midland and Northern Coalfields can be established, except by means of fossil plants and the general lithological agreement. The Bristol Coalfield is largely covered by later rocks, surface-sections being rare. The search for evidences of a fauna has therefore to be carried on chiefly under ground, and among material brought to the surface in the course of mining operations. By an examination of a measured section at the junction of the Millstone Grit and Lower Coal-Measures in the South Liberty Colliery at Bristol, I was able to demonstrate the existence of a marine fauna in these measures. The same method has since been applied to the measures underlying the Bedminster Great Vein, and with successful results. It was shown in my former paper ( op. cit. p. 448) that the Bedminster Great Vein was correlated by Handel Cossham with the Kingswood Great Vein, so that the measures examined have a development along the whole of the south-western side of the Bristol area. With the guidance of the information obtained from the Ashton and Bedminster Series, and with the aid of a grant of £20 from the Royal Society, search has been prosecuted at as
Feasibility of using the Hartmann test for contouring an automotive headlamp parabolic reflector

This paper presents the results of a feasibility study to determine the suitability of using Hartmann screen techniques to measure the surface shape of reflection-coated automotive headlamp parabolic reflectors.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Long x-ray bursts from betatron

A system for producing an x-ray burst of approximates 150 mu sec duration from a betatron is described. The system consists of flat coils placed above and below the orbit. The coils sre placed 90 deg shead of the target and weaken the field at that point causing the center of the electron orbit to shift towards the target. The circuit used to drive the orbit perturbing coils is illustrated. The advantage of this system is the small amount of energy required to bring about a collision of the beam with the target. (C.E.S.)
J. G. Fichte: Review of Freidrich Heinrich Gebhard,On Ethical Goodness as Disinterested Benevolence (Gotha: Ettinger, 1792)

Traduction anglaise de la seconde des trois recensions de Fichte pour le journal «Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung» (Journal de litterature generale). Fichte y critique la theorie de la bienveillance d'A. Smith et D. Hume defendue par F. H. Gebhard, au profit d'une demonstration de la theorie kantienne de la raison pure pratique.
TOWARD A UNIFIED ENGLISH-LIKE REPRESENTATION OF SEMANTIC MODELS, DATA, AND GRAPH PATTERNS FOR SUBJECT MATTER EXPERTS

The Semantic Application Design Language (SADL) combines advances in standardized declarative modeling languages based on formal logic with advances in domain-specific language (DSL) development environments to create a controlled-English language that translates directly into the Web Ontology Language (OWL), the SPARQL graph query language, and a compatible if/then rule language. Models in the SADL language can be authored, tested, and maintained in an Eclipse-based integrated development environment (IDE). This environment offers semantic highlighting, statement completion, expression templates, hyperlinking of concepts to their definition, model validation, automatic error correction, and other advanced authoring features to enhance the ease and productivity of the modeling environment. In addition, the SADL language offers the ability to build in validation tests and test suites that can be used for regression testing. Through common Eclipse functionality, the models can be easily placed under source code control, versioned, and managed throughout the life of the model. Differences between versions can be compared side-by-side. Finally, the SADL-IDE offers an explanation capability that is useful in understanding what was inferred by the reasoner/rule engine and why those conclusions were reached. Perhaps more importantly, explanation is available of why an expected inference failed to occur. The objective of the language and the IDE is to enable domain experts to play a more active and productive role in capturing their knowledge and making it available as computable artifacts useful for automation where appropriate and for decision support systems in applications that benefit from a collaborative human-computer approach. SADL is built entirely on open source code and most of SADL is itself released to open source. This paper explores the concepts behind the language and provides details and examples of the authoring and model lifecycle support facilities.
Resonance raman spectrum of horseradish peroxidase compond III: Comparison with oxyemoglobin

Abstract Resonance Raman spectra have been obtained for horseradish peroxidase compound III, an intermediate in the oxidase cycle. Compound III, which has a short halflife at ambient temperature, has been stabilized at subzero temperatures in aqueous-methanol solutions. Its structurally sensitive porphyrin vibrational frequencies are the same, within experimental error, as those of oxyhemoglobin implying that these two heme species have very similar structures. In contrast to oxyhemoglobin, however, no FeO stretching band is evident in the low-frequency spectrum of compound III with the excitation wavelengths employed.
Rescuing Myopathic Phenotype of Abnormal Cardiac Troponin T with a Single Amino Acid Substitution in Cardiac Troponin I

Troponin T (TnT) and troponin I (TnI) are two subunits of the troponin complex. We previously found a single amino acid substitution in the TnT-binding helix of cardiac TnI (cTnI) in wild turkey hearts that expressed abnormally spliced myopathic cardiac TnT (cTnT) (Biesiadecki et al., JBC 279:13825-32, 2004). To test the potential role of this cTnI modification in rescuing a cTnT abnormality, we developed transgenic mice expressing the cTnI variant (K118C) with or without a deletion of endogenous cTnI gene to mimic homozygote and heterozygote wild turkeys. Double and triple transgenic mice were created to combine the cTnI-K118C allele with an allele encoding the abnormally spliced cTnT (exon 7 deletion). Functional analysis in ex vivo working hearts found that cTnI-K118C had no destructive effect on cardiac muscle and baseline heart function but was able to rescue the decreases in cardiac function caused by cTnT exon 7 deletion. Further characterizations showed that cTnI-K118C significantly blunted the inotropic response of cardiac muscle to β-adrenergic stimulation whereas the PKA-dependent phosphorylation of cTnI was unchanged. These data indicate that TnI-TnT interaction is a critical link in Ca2+ signaling and β-adrenergic regulation of myocardial contraction, providing a novel target for the treatment of heart failure.
Some Statistical Aspects of X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

A simple derivation of the probability distribution function for the time to accumulate a preset number of counts is outlined. The result is applied to X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in order to estimate the expected precision of the various measures of quantity of an element. Examples are given to show how the results may be used as a practical guide in this field of analytical chemistry.
Introduction to the Symposium: Principles and Problems of Pattern Formation in Animals

This symposium, Principles and Problems of Pattern Formation in Animals brought the major ideas and recent advances in the growing field of pattern formation to the general scientific community for the first time. Recognition of the basic problems of pattern formation can be traced back to the very beginnings of the science of ex? perimental embryology. Hans Driesch (1908), from his experiments on the exten? sive regulative ability of sea urchin em? bryos, was led to the basic idea that cells behave as if they have information about their position within the whole. Today, we would say that the cells have positional in? formation. Unfortunately for the devel? opment of the field, Driesch became convinced that there was no physical basis for positional information, and instead, he in? voked a "life force" or entelechy to account for the organizational ability of embryos. After this, the level of interest in the field of pattern formation was extremely low and it was not until seventy or so years lat? er that it was rekindled by Lewis Wolpert (1969, 1971). His success in catalyzing the current wave of interest lay in the way in which he graphically laid out the basic problems, and in the way he showed that simple coordinate systems with boundary regions could provide the physical basis for positional information. Several principles emerged from Wolpert's 1969 paper which helped to open up the field for experimentation and theory. In the first place, he stressed a separation between the assignment of a positional val? ue to a cell within a coordinate system, and the interpretation which that cell might lat? er make of this positional value. The sig-
The effect of electrical stimulation on the action of sulfhydryl reagents in the giant axon of squid: suggested mechanisms for the role of thiol and disulfide groups in electrically-induced conformational changes.

Conduction block by thiol reagents is potentiated by repeated, brief electrical stimulation. These studies have been quantitated with N-ethylmaleimide and mercurochrome showing a nonlinear relationship between dose and number of stimuli required to produce inexcitability.p-Chloromercuribenzoate, mercurochrome and fluorescein mercuric acetate block conduction and are reversible with β-mercaptoethanol and exhibit the “stimulation effect.” N-Ethylmaleimide, Ellman's reagent (DTNB), and 2-dimethylaminoethyl selenolbenzoate exhibit the “stimulation effect”, but blockade is irreversible. In a series of local anesthetics, procaine, 2-diethylaminoethyl thiolbenzoate, and 2-dimethylaminoethyl selenolbenzoate, only the selenolester reacts with SH groups and shows a “stimulation effect”. Iodoacetate and iodoacetamide block nerve conduction without a stimulation effect. Possible interpretations of this effect include: altered permeability, unmasking of buried SH groups in the membrane, or electrolytic reduction of disulfides.
Self-weaving sulfur–carbon composite cathodes for high rate lithium–sulfur batteries

Realization of a ubiquitous clean energy future depends critically on the efficient storage and utilization of renewable energies. Lithium-ion batteries are appealing in this regard, but low-cost, abundant, safe, high energy-density electrode materials need to be developed to adopt them. Here we present a sulfur–multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite cathode with high-rate cyclability by a facile binder/current collector-free fabrication process. The composite cathode exhibits high capacities of 1352 mAh g−1 at 1C rate and 1012 mAh g−1 at 4C rate. Due to the self-weaving behavior of MWCNTs, extra cell components such as binders and current collectors are rendered unnecessary, thereby streamlining the electrode manufacturing process and decreasing the cell weight. While the highly conductive MWCNTs improve the active material utilization at high rates, the absorption ability of the cathode framework localizes the electrolyte and suppresses the migration of soluble polysulfides. The cathode design and facile synthesis enhance the feasibility of practical high rate Li–S batteries.
Convective heat transfer to canned liquid foods in a steritort

Heat transfer coefficients to canned Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids were determined in a Steritort. Dimensionless correlations of the form, NUD= A1 (Gr PI)A2+ A3 (ReD Pr L/D)A4 correlated well the data. The diameter of the can was the characteristic dimension and the properties of each fluid were evaluated at the average of its initial and final temperatures. The contribution of free convection was significant (44 - 97%). The data with non-Newtonian fluids were correlated using the generalized Reynolds number (ReD), and the Prandtl and the Grashof numbers based on the apparent viscosity in ReD. It appears that the mechanism of heat transfer was also changed by conduction in the case of a 0.75% sugar gum solution whose consistency index of the power law model was about 0.9N sn/m2 at 6°C.
Intestinal leiomyoma in neonates

Two neonates with intestinal leiomyoma, one presenting with intestinal obstruction and the other with perforation and peritonitis, were successfully managed with local resection and primary anastomosis. Review of the literature suggests that intestinal smooth-muscle tumours in infancy behave in a benign manner despite histological appearances suggestive of malignancy. They are treated adequately by local resection.
Dynamic nucleotide mutation gradients and control region usage in squamate reptile mitochondrial genomes.

currently available, together with 2 additional snakes sequenced in this study, we reexamined gradient strength and CR usage in alethinophidian snakes as well as several lizards that possess dual CRs. Our results suggest that nucleotide substitution gradients (and corresponding nucleotide bias) and CR usage is highly labile over the 200 m.y. of squamate evolution, and demonstrates greater overall variability than previously shown in primates. The evidence for the existence of such gradients, and their ability to evolve rapidly and converge among unrelated species suggests that gradient dynamics could easily mislead phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary inferences, and argues strongly that these dynamics should be incorporated into phylogenetic models.
ANTIHORMONE FORMATION COMPLICATING PITUITARY GONADOTROPIN THERAPY IN INFERTILE MEN: II. EFFECT ON NUMBER OF SPERM, MORPHOLOGY OF THE TESTIS AND URINARY GONADOTROPINS*

THE search for therapeutic agents effective in male infertility has been relatively fruitless to date. In recent years, hormonal therapy has been considered. Of the various hormones, the ones most likely to succeed would seem to be those that ordinarily stimulate spermatogenesis: the gonadotropins. Of the gonadotropins (from anterior pituitary, pregnancy urine and pregnant mare serum sources), one hormone that is known specifically to stimulate spermatogenesis is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of the anterior pituitary (1). It cannot be expected that FSH will prove effective in all types of male sterility. Several prerequisites are necessary before successful results can reasonably be expected. In addition to the obvious prerequisites, such as patent vas deferens, and the knowledge that the wife is potentially capable of conceiving, we have considered the following conditions to be essential: 1. Testes with potentially reversible defects. In many cases of infertility, the testes are irreparably damage...
Social Cognition and Knowledge Creation using Collaborative Technology

The Social Cognition and Knowledge Creation using Collaborative Technology Minitrack serves as an outlet for research that addresses the use of collaboration technology to create knowledge. Of special interest is the role of social interactions that take place within the creation, codification, and verification of this knowledge. Group knowledge is enhanced through sharing of individual knowledge, and collaboration technologies can enable to access, share, and add to group knowledge, based on prevailing group attitudes. This is the second year that the Minitrack has been offered, though the emphasis has shifted from gains and losses in traditional group support systems to knowledge creation through the use of these systems. The papers in the Minitrack are clustered into three sessions that focus on distinct themes associated with the use of collaboration technology for knowledge creation.
Drosophila melanogaster neurofibromatosis-1: ROS, not Ras?

A new study suggests that manipulating the expression of a Drosophila melanogaster neurofibromatosis-1 ortholog affects organismal lifespan through protein kinase A–mediated regulation of mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species production. These results provide a new and unexpected twist to the study of NF1 signaling.
The high strain cyclic fatigue and fracture behavior of 2090 aluminum alloy

Abstract A study has been made to understand the high strain low cycle fatigue properties and cyclic fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 2090 (A1-2.85Cu-2.04Li-0.12Zr; where the composition is in weight percent). The alloy was cycled over a range of plastic strains giving lives of less than 104 cycles. The specimens were cycled using tension-compression loading under total strain control. The alloy, in the peak-aged condition, exhibited a distinct discontinuity or break in the Coffin-Manson curve. The abnormal plastic strain-fatigue life behavior is attributed to possible differences in the homogeneity of deformation as a function of plastic strain amplitude, and to a change in fracture mode from ductile monotonie type to brittle crystallographic as a function of plastic strain amplitude. Cyclic deformation was found to produce softening at all strain amplitudes. The presence of shearable matrix precipitates in the peak-aged microstructure results in a local decrease in resistance to dislocation movement, leading to loss of ordering contributions to hardening and plastic strain inhomogeneity. The observed softening is due to dislocation-precipitate interactions, and is a mechanical effect. The cyclic fracture behavior of the alloy is discussed in terms of plastic strain amplitude, response stress, intrinsic microstructural features and matrix slip characteristics.
Reexamination of Fat Globule Clustering and Creaming in Cow Milk

Abstract Fat globule clustering, as characterized by cream volume and cluster time, was studied in raw milk, heated milk, homogenized milk, and in model systems. Immunoglobulin M was confirmed as the heat-labile component in fat globule clustering and was shown to function as a cryoagglutinin rather than as a cryoglobulin as previously indicated. Hapten inhibition studies demonstrated that the antigen is carbohydrate. Skim milk membrane was identified as the homogenization-labile component. Although immunoglobulin M can agglutinate milk fat globules to a limited extent, normal creaming requires both immunoglobulin M and skim milk membrane. Approximately 7% of the immunoglobulin M in normal milk participates in a single creaming. The lower portion of creamed milk (gravity separated skim milk) failed to support creaming on addition of washed fat globules but did so on addition of skim milk membrane. A theory of fat globule clustering consistent with observed experimental results depicts immuno-globulin M interacting in an antigen-antibody mode simultaneously with skim milk membrane and milk fat globules through specific carbohydrate moieties.
Alcohol’s Effect on Other Chronic Liver Diseases

In addition to directly causing liver disease, alcohol consumption is a common comorbid condition with other chronic liver diseases and may exacerbate liver injury, particularly in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, hereditary hemochromatosis, and autoimmune liver diseases. This synergism can result in increased hepatic inflammation and accelerated rates of fibrosis, with more rapid and earlier development of cirrhosis, and also increase the risk for liver cancer and death from liver disease.
Regulation of δ-opioid receptor mRNA levels by receptor-mediated and direct activation of the adenylyl cyclase-protein kinase A pathway

The effects of activation of the adenylyl cyclase-protein kinase A pathway on the expression of delta-opioid receptor mRNA in the NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cell line has been investigated. Activation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) receptors, which are positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase, resulted in a reduction in delta-receptor messenger RNA levels. Direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin or treatment of cells with the cyclic AMP analogue dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) mimicked the effect of PGE1. Down-regulation in receptor protein levels, as measured by loss of radioligand binding sites, was also observed and its extent correlated well with the decrease in the amount of delta-opioid receptor transcripts. D-Ser2-Leu-enkephalin-Thr6 (DSLET) inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity was also diminished after db-cAMP treatment. Inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) partially reversed the PGE1- and db-cAMP-mediated repression of the delta-opioid receptor mRNA levels. The rate of degradation of delta-opioid receptor mRNA in the presence of actinomycin D was not altered in response to db-cAMP, suggesting that mRNA stability is not reduced by PKA action. The regulation of delta-opioid receptor mRNA levels by db-cAMP was not sensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is not required in this process.
An oligarchy of nest-site scouts triggers a honeybee swarm's departure from the hive.

Animals that travel in groups must synchronize the timing of their departures to assure cohesion of the group. While most activities in large colonies of social insects have decentralized control, certain activities (e.g., colony migration) can have centralized control, with only a special subset of well-informed individuals making a decision that affects the entire colony. We recently discovered that a small minority of individuals in a honeybee colony—an oligarchy—decides when to trigger the departure of a swarm from its hive. The departure process begins with some bees producing the worker-piping signal (the primer for departure) and is followed by these bees producing the buzz-run signal (the releaser for departure). In this study, we determined the identity of these signalers. We found that a swarm’s nest-site scouts search for potential nest cavities prior to the departure of the swarm from its hive. Furthermore, we found that the predeparture nest-site scouts are the sole producers of the worker-piping signal and that they are the first producers of the buzz-run signal. The control of the departure of a honeybee swarm from its hive shows how a small minority of well-informed individuals in a large social insect colony can make important decisions about when a colony should take action.
Household technology: Implications for research and policy

If we are to have a fuller understanding of the social and economic context of the family, it is necessary to explore its technological environment. However, few scholars have examined the relationship between household technology and the functioning of the family. This article looks at which academic disciplines address household technology, what have been their findings, and why there is generally a paucity of research in this area. This article concludes with a discussion of the need for more research in household technology and the implications that this research may have for other family inquiry and for policy formation.
Cyclic GMP increases photocurrent and light sensitivity of retinal cones

Like retinal rods, cone photoreceptors contain cyclic GMP and light-activated phosphodiesterase1–3. The cGMP phosphodiesterase cascade is thought to mediate phototransduction in rods. Biochemical assays of nucleotide content in cone-dominant retinas, however, have failed to demonstrate light-induced changes in cGMP1. Changes in cyclic AMP following light exposure have been reported, leading to the suggestion that in cone phototransduction cAMP assumes a role analogous to that played by cGMP in rods4. Cyclic GMP introduced from tight-seal pipettes into isolated cones of the larval tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, rapidly increases light-modulated membrane current more than 10-fold. In cones, as in rods, cGMP also causes an approximately 10-fold increase in photocurrent duration and a 5- to 10-fold increase in light-sensitivity. Cyclic AMP has no effect on cone photocurrents under the same conditions. Because cGMP has similar effects on photocurrent magnitude and kinetics in both rods and cones, we conclude that cGMP plays corresponding roles in transduction in both vertebrate photoreceptor classes.
Equilibrium Moisture Relations for Textile Fibers

It is the purpose of this paper to present data on equilibrium moisture based upon the published work of Wiegerink [4] statistically recalculated by the present au thors. The study was first undertaken in the belief that Wiegerink's data could be made more useful if his curves of equilibrium moisture versus relative humidity could be extended with respect to temperature and relative humidity ranges and if the experimental variations in the data could be accurately minimized. In the analysis it was found that characteristic results for fibers could be explained in terms of physical-chemical principles which were presented and discussed in the first paper of this series [3]. The second publication [1] presented the mathematical details of the statistical correlation method.
Determination of the isotensor symmetry energy for the giant dipole resonance.

Comparison of giant dipole resonance energies measured in photonuclear reactions and in pion-induced double charge exchange allows determination of the isotensor component of the symmetry energy. Different models for the structure of the giant dipole and different assumptions for the mass dependence of the isotensor energy all produce the same qualitative results, with the isotensor energy about 1% of the isovector energy, and of the same sign.
Conformational manifold of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) containing alanine-Based tripeptides in aqueous solution explored by vibrational spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations

Replacement of the α-proton of an alanine residue to generate α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) in alanine-based oligopeptides favors the formation of a 310 helix when the length of the oligopeptide is about four to six residues. This research was aimed at experimentally identifying the structural impact of an individual Aib residue in an alanine context of short peptides in water and Aib's influence on the conformation of nearest-neighbor residues. The amide I band profile of the IR, isotropic and anisotropic Raman, and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of Ac-Ala-Ala-Aib-OMe, Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe, and Ac-Aib-Ala-Ala-OMe were measured and analyzed in terms of different structural models by utilizing an algorithm that exploits the excitonic coupling between amide I‘ modes. The conformational search was guided by the respective 1H NMR and electronic circular dichroism spectra of the respective peptides, which were also recorded. From these analyses, all peptides adopted multiple conformations. Aib predominantly sampled the right-handed and left-handed 310-helix region and to a minor extent the bridge region between the polyproline (PPII) and the helical regions of the Ramachandran plot. Generally, alanine showed the anticipated PPII propensity, but its conformational equilibrium was shifted towards helical conformations in Ac-Aib-Ala-Ala-OMe, indicating that Aib can induce helical conformations of neighboring residues positioned towards the C-terminal direction of the peptide. An energy landscape exploration by molecular dynamics simulations corroborated the results of the spectroscopic studies. They also revealed the dynamics and pathways of potential conformational transitions of the corresponding Aib residues.
A systematic study on the growth of gaas nanowires by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.

The epitaxial growth of GaAs nanowires (NWs) on GaAs(111)B substrates by metal−organic chemical vapor deposition has been systematically investigated as a function of relevant growth parameters, namely, temperature, arsine (AsH3) and trimethyl-gallium (TMGa) flow rates, growth time, and gold nanoparticle catalyst size. When growing in excess As conditions (V/III molar ratios greater than four), the NW growth rate is independent of AsH3 concentration, while it is linearly dependent on TMGa concentration, and it is thermally activated. The NW morphology is primarily affected by the growth temperature, with very uniform NWs growing at around 400 °C and severely tapered NWs growing above 500 °C. A simple phenomenological expression that allows prediction of the NW growth rate over a wide range of growth parameters has been derived. The growth rate dependence on the seed nanoparticle size has also been investigated, which reveals valuable information on the role of catalyst supersaturation and Ga surface diffu...
High temporal resolution velocity estimates from the NASA 50 MHz wind profiler

A three-point medium filter for wind profiling radar has been found which, when applied to successive spectral data, effectively eliminates most spurious echoes from the data while improving SNRs. When combined with velocity calculations using a first guess, the result is a robust system that can extract high-quality wind profiles at three-minute intervals. The velocity computation methodology is described and its performance is illustrated using two sample data sets taken during very different synoptic regimes. Operational considerations are discussed.
Global and local spectral-based tests for periodicities

We investigate tests for periodicity based on a spectral analysis of a time series, differentiating between global and local spectral-based tests. Global tests use information across the entire frequency band, whereas local tests are based on a window around the test frequency. We show that many spectral-based tests can be expressed in terms of a regression-based F test, which allows for approximate size and power calculations. Since global tests are usually derived assuming white noise errors, we extend to the correlated noise case. We demonstrate via a Monte Carlo study that although the global test may have better size and power, local tests are easier to use, and are comparable or better in terms of the power to detect periodicities, especially for spectra with a large dynamic range. We apply this methodology to a nonbehavioural test of hearing.
Pneumorachis and pneumocephalus caused by pneumothorax and multiple thoracic vertebral fractures

Pneumorachis, or air within the spinal canal, has rarely been described, particularly in conjunction with thoracic trauma. We report a case of pneumorachis and pneumocephalus in a patient with a tension pneumothorax and multiple closed thoracic spinal fractures.
Cell cycle regulation by growth factors and nutrients in normal and transformed cells

SV3T3 cells, originally responsive to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and displaying density-dependent inhibition of growth, lose responsiveness to the growth factor after several passages and then proliferate without restriction, but continue to display EGF receptor sites at the cell surface. Proliferation of primary fetal rat hepatocytes is not stimulated by EGF, but cells bind it to an extent comparable to that of responsive 3T3 cells. Therefore presence of EGF receptors does not imply that cells are responsive to the growth factor. The relevance of some growth-factor-induced events for DNA synthesis initiation is dicussed. In various primary and secondary cell cultures, Ca++-levels appear to be involved in controlling cell proliferation. In contrast, in 3T3-4a cells, levels of Ca++ ions are not tightly coupled to DNA synthesis initiation; effects of growth factors are not mediated by extracellular Ca++ ions, but cells have a Ca++-sensitive restriction, point in G1. In various cell types in primary or secondary culture or in 3T3-4a cells, polyamine, levels are not tightly coupled to induction of proliferation. Therefore growth-factor-induced ornithine decarboxylase is not an event essential for DNA synthesis initiation. Normal but not transformed cells have a spermidine/spermine-sensitive restriction point in G1. Although rRNA synthesis appears to be necessary for induction of proliferation, preliminary data obtained by double-beam flow microfluorometry suggest that cellular RNA levels might not affect rate of entry into S phase and, furthermore, that 3T3-4a cells can enter S without accumulating RNA above levels present in quiescent cells. It appears that none of the events induced during the prereplicative phase that have been studied in 3T3 cells are essential for DNA synthesis initiation under normal culture conditions.
“Yes, your honor!”: A corpus-based study of technical vocabulary in discipline-related movies and TV shows

Abstract Vocabulary is an essential element of every second/foreign language teaching and learning program. While the goal of language teaching programs is to focus on explicit vocabulary teaching to promote learning, “materials which provide visual and aural input such as movies may be conducive to incidental vocabulary learning.” ( Webb and Rodgers, 2009 , p. 412) The present study uses corpus-based techniques to investigate the extent to which watching discipline-related movies and TV shows in a second/foreign language may facilitate incidental learning of technical vocabulary. A corpus of 130,000 words was complied from movies/TV shows with legal content to track the frequency and vocabulary distribution of legal technical vocabulary items. The findings show that the majority of technical terms is encountered more than ten times in movies/shows, and that technical terms tend to co-occur together in particular segments of movies and episodes. The results suggest that the potential for incidental vocabulary learning through movies and TV shows with a legal content is high and that these media could also be used for teaching language patterns in an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom with relevant focus. Hence, watching discipline specific TV shows and movies is beneficial for both incidental learning and explicit teaching.
Gastric deformity following cardiac surgery

An extraperitoneal collection of chilled irrigation fluid used for hypothermic cardioplegia caused marked deformity of the stomach. It was demonstrated by upper gastrointestinal study performed 2 weeks after a coronary aortic bypass operation. The mass was drained following ultrasonic demonstration of its superficial location and fluid content.
The hepatic glucocorticoid domain: evidence for early and late hormone-mediated changes in the synthesis of individual protein gene products.

Studies were conducted to determine the extent of rapidly evolving effects of glucocorticoids on the transcriptional activity of individual hepatocyte genes through comparisons of the relative rates of synthesis of the more than 3000 protein gene products that are resolved in giant two-dimensional separatory gels. During the first 20 h in primary culture normal hepatocytes displayed substantial spontaneous changes in over 80 proteins. One effect of an added glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, was to retard or reverse the progression of roughly half of these. However, such long-term hormone treatment also caused 27 inductions and 26 repressions, many of which occurred in proteins that do not change spontaneously. Some of these coincide with the previously reported glucocorticoid domain of hepatoma cells. In contrast to such long-term changes, short-term (4 h) incubation with dexamethasone induced 10 proteins and repressed 6 others. Five of these early hormone inductions and all of the early repressions were maintained or enhanced by 20 h. However, the remaining five early glucocorticoid inductions appeared to be transient, since by 16–20 h the effects were either markedly reduced or absent. These results show the existence of an early glucocorticoid domain, qualitatively different from that seen at later times, which may be more representative of the primary steroid hormone responses.
The role of group size in group lending

Abstract This paper explores group size in joint liability lending, primarily in the adverse selection framework with local borrower information. A single, standardized contract that imposes full joint liability subject to a limited liability cap is optimal. Further, if gross returns to borrowing are moderately high, this contract results in perfectly efficient lending if groups are large enough. However, raising group size accomplishes nothing if there is no local borrower information. These results show that more is required for efficient lending than full within-group insurance, and highlight a complementarity between group size and social capital. Very similar results are shown in two different settings, ex ante and ex post moral hazard, though the type of social capital that complements group size varies across the settings. Taking a step toward modeling drawbacks of larger groups, it is shown that if information deteriorates sufficiently with group size, an intermediate group size does better than either extreme. Simulations suggest that most of the efficiency gains from larger groups are realized in group sizes below ten, and that outreach and efficiency can increase dramatically when a moderate group size threshold is crossed.
Characteristics of Summer Stationary Waves in the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract Summer stationary waves in the Northern Hemisphere are separated by a midlatitude transition zone into the subtropical monsoon regime with a vertical phase reversal and the subarctic regime with a vertically uniform structure. The dynamics and maintenance mechanism of the subtropical stationary waves have been investigated in the context of monsoon circulation. Depicted in terms of streamfunction with 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), the dynamic characteristics of stationary waves in the transition zone and the subarctic region are thus the focus of this study. The dynamics and maintenance mechanism of these waves were explored with the streamfunction budget and the velocity potential maintenance equations. Stationary waves across the transition region consist of anticyclonic shear zones over the North Pacific and North Atlantic and a cyclonic shear zone in east Eurasia. These transition elements are linked to subtropical oceanic anticyclones and continental thermal lows. At high latitudes, a th...
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in giant cell tumor of bone

In six cases of giant cell tumor the magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with various pulse sequences and field strengths were compared to the corresponding computed tomography (CT) scans and plain roentgenograms. MRI was superior to CT and plain films in demonstrating areas of tissue inhomogeneity within the tumor as well as soft tissue extension. CT was superior in demonstrating cortical thinning. Multiplanar imaging capability and visualization of articular cartilage may demonstrate intra-articular tumor spread. The characteristic MRI findings with short TR/TE (T1-weighting) and long TR/TE (T2-weighting) are described. We also describe one case where serial MR scans were used to assess response to therapy.
Three-axis piezoelectric vibration energy harvester

This paper reports for the first time a piezoelectric inertial harvester for scavenging vibrational energy in all three dimensions. The harvester is formed of optimized bulk-PZT/Si crab legs such that the first three resonance vibrational modes are in-plane and out-of-plane translational modes with closely-spaced frequencies (387–398 Hz). Partitioned electrodes on the PZT arms collect mechanical energy in the transverse (d 31 ) piezoelectric mode, and have phase difference in their voltage outputs according to the axis of the applied vibration. The harvester is realized using a planar micro-fabrication method, with internal and packaged device volumes of 2.5 and 6.5 cm3, respectively. The device has generated 5–53 µW from 50 mg acceleration applied in in-plane and out-of-plane directions at the respective resonance frequencies, and has a half-power bandwidth of 8–16 Hz. The normalized power density (0.3–3.2 mW/cm3/g2) compares favorably with respect to previously reported multi-axis inertial energy harvesters.
RADIATIVE ENHANCEMENT OF HEAT TRANSFER TO A GRAY GAS THROUGH PARTICLE SEEDING

Combined effects of radiation and convection are examined in turbulent flow of gray gases, dispersely seeded with absorbing, emitting, scattering particles. Seeding particles are used as a heat transfer enhancement technique, whereby radiatively participating particles receive radiation from hot tube walls, and transfer this heat to the gas. It is found that enhanced heating of the gas is only achieved for low gas optical thicknesses and when the seeding particles are small and either hollow or of low material density. Enhancements are identified for both radiation-dominated and combined mode (radiation/convection) cases, as functions of dimensionless parameters.
Comparative effects of glycopyrrolate, atropine sulfate and propantheline bromide on canine parietal cell ultrastructure.

Atropine sulfate (0.65 mg, given orally 4 times daily to a group of 4 dogs) and propantheline bromide (15 mg, given orally to a second group of 4 dogs) were found to induce alterations in the nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles, and intracellular canaliculi of parietal cells when examined by electron microscopy at the end of 7 weeks of treatment. Vagotomy (performed in a third group of 4 dogs) failed to induce parietal cell alterations when examined after 7 weeks. Glycopyrrolate (2 mg, given orally 4 times daily to a fourth group of dogs) was found to induce profound cytoplasmic vacuolization, in addition to producing alterations of the parietal cell nucleus, mitochondria and intracellular canaliculus. Similar changes developed in the parietal cells of the vagotomized dogs after 7 weeks of glycopyrrolate administration. Atropine was accompanied by the most profound mitochondrial derangements. Glycopyrrolate administration was marked by the most extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization.
Chloroplast photooxidation inhibits the expression of a set of nuclear genes

Mutations or herbicides which inhibit the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in higher plants also result in the arrest of chloroplast development at a very early stage. The cause is extensive photooxidative damage within the chloroplast in the absence of protective carotenoids. Because the extent of photooxidation is dependent upon light intensity, normal chloroplast development can occur when carotenoid-deficient seedlings are grown in very dim light. Normal accumulation of chloroplastic and cytosolic mRNAs encoding chloroplast proteins proceeds only under permissive dim light conditions. Illumination with higher intensity light causes rapid chlorophyll photooxidation and the loss of two cytosolic mRNAs coding for proteins destined for the chloroplast, but does not affect another light-regulated cytosolic mRNA encoding a cytosolic protein. This experimental system may have uncovered a mechanism which coordinates the expression of genes in different cellular compartments.
Sedimentation of polydisperse concentrated suspensions

Gravity sedimentation of bidisperse and tridiperse concentrated suspensions have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Experimental data were collected from batch settling tests using fully-characterized colored spherical particles. Ten sizes of particles with three different densities were used in the sedimentation experiments. Varying proportions of each size were used and total solids concentration ranged from 13% to 45% by volume. Previously published and newly collected data were compared with predictions from six available models. These models include those of Lockett and Al-Habbooby (1973), Mirza and Richardson (1979), Masliyah (1979), Reed and Anderson (1980), Selim et al. (1983a, 1983b), and Patwardhan and Tien (1985). Based on the present study and a similar study by Law et al. (1987) on bidisperse suspensions of heavy (sinking) and light (buoyant) particles, it is found that the Selim et al. model represents the data more accurately as compared to the other models. Nous avons etudie de maniere theorique et experimentale la sedimentation par gravite de suspensions concentrees bidispersees et tridispersees. Des donnees experimentales ont ete recueillies a partir d'essais de sedimentation discontinus realises a l'aide de particules spheriques colorees et entierement caracterisees. Dix tailles de particules avec trois densites differentes ont ete utilisees dans les experiences de sedimentation. Les proportions de chaque taille ont ete variees et la concentration totale de solides s'echelonne entre 13 et 45 % par volume. Des donnees nouvellement recueillies ainsi que des donnees de la literature ont ete comparees avec les predictions de six modeles. Parmi ces modeles figurent ceux de Lockett et Al-Habbooby (1973), Mirza et Richardson (1979), Masliyah (1979), Reed et Anderson (1980), Selim et al. (1983a, 1983b) et Patwardhan et Tien (1985). En nous appuyant sur la presente etude et une etude analogue menee par Law et al. (1987) sur les suspensions bidispersees de particules lourdes (qui sedimentent) et legeres (qui restent en suspension), nous avons trouve que le modele de Selim et al. refletent avec plus d'exactitude les donnees comparativement aux autres modeles.