cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moorfield Storey and the Struggle for Equality

THE organization of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1909 and 1910 was the joint achievement of Negro militants and of white reformers. That some Negroes decided to assert their human dignity and demand their constitutional rights is not surprising. What is surprising, since anti-Negro prejudice was far more bitter and more widespread then than now, is that some white men and women joined them in their struggle for equality. Two of the white founders of the Association-Oswald Garrison Villard and Mary White Ovington-have, in their autobiographies, indicated some of the factors that impelled them toward championing the Negro's cause.' Both-Villard, particularly, because of his Garrison ancestryhave some claim to be considered inheritors of the civil rights tradition of the previous century. But Ovington, as a social worker trying to alleviate the condition of the poor, and Villard, as a crusading journalist and an ardent civil-libertarian, tended to sympathize automatically with the victims and outcasts of society, a reaction more characteristic of twentiethcentury liberalism than of nineteenth-century reform. It is unclear, therefore, whether their dedication to the Negro's cause came primarily from the abolitionist memories to their childhoods or from the liberal environment in which they spent their careers. In contrast, the first president of the Association and its counsel in its first three important cases before the Supreme Court cannot be considered a twentieth-century liberal. Until he died in 1929, at the age of eighty-four, Moorfield Storey adhered to the values he had acquired as a pillar of the legal profession and as a Mugwump reformer in the late-nineteenth
A Famous College President: Carey Thomas of Bryn Mawr

(1948). A Famous College President: Carey Thomas of Bryn Mawr. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 211-212.
Venturia Liriodendri Sp. Nov., Associated with a Leafspot Disease of Liriodendron

the fungus was observed on pods still attached to otherwise healthy trees. Aside from being blackish the pods did not show any trace of the symptoms of Monilia disease or black-pod disease and did not show any cells identifiable as Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. Only the dead fallen pods often showed other fungi and eventually mosses. In one of the fallen pods the accompanying fungi were white, corticioid Basidiomycetes with clamp connections and acute, thin-walled incrusted hyphal ends. Spores were not recovered. The observations in Costa Rica suggest that Mycena theobromicola may be pathogenic, causing pod rot that might well have been misidentified as black-pod disease in the past and caused by the primary mycelium of the agaric. However, the available observations do not fully prove the point. Additional experimental work is required and should be carried out inasmuch as all local-
Partner violence, power, and gender differences in South African adolescents' HIV/sexually transmitted infections risk behaviors.

OBJECTIVES: Low relationship power and victimization by intimate partner violence (IPV) have been linked to HIV risks among adult and adolescent women. This article examines associations of IPV and relationship power with sexual-risk behaviors and whether the associations differ by gender among South African adolescents. METHOD: Sexual-risk behaviors (multiple partners in past 3 months; condom use at last sex), IPV, and relationship power were collected from 786 sexually experienced adolescents (mean age = 16.9) in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, during the 54-month follow-up of a HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk-reduction intervention trial. The data were analyzed with logistic regression models. RESULTS: Adolescent boys were less likely to report condom use at last sex (p =.001) and more likely to report multiple partners (p CONCLUSIONS: HIV risk-reduction interventions and policies should address gender differences in sexual-risk consequences of IPV and relationship power among adolescents and promote gender equity. (PsycINFO Database Record(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
An "All-American" health reform proposal.

Reforming the U.S. health care system is frequently thought of in absolutist terms: managed competition versus rate regulation; federal versus state administration; and business mandates versus individual insurance purchases. While these choices must be resolved over the long run, the transition to a new health care system will take several years and require more flexible solutions. The "All-American" Deal offers just that. It requires individual households to be insured and allows businesses to voluntarily offer health insurance; relies on the federal income tax system to collect income-based premiums and transfer funds to states through risk-adjusted payments; and lets states manage the disbursement of funds for uninsured residents.
Peripheral Inflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease: Periodontal Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of dementia [1]. In the United States alone, approximately 5.3 million patients have been diagnosed with AD [2] and in view of the country’s aging demographics, its prevalence and incidence will continue to increase as the population ages. One in 9 and one in 3 people older than 65 and 85, respectively, have AD, and approximately 61,000 and 240,000 new cases of AD in the 65–75 and 85 and older age groups, respectively, were reported in 2015 [2]. Notably, AD in the United States is ranked the 9th leading cause of mortality ahead of breast and colon cancer and is ranked 12th in contribution to years of disability [3]. It is estimated that delaying the onset of AD by 5 years could result in a 50 % decrease in prevalence 50 years later. Undoubtedly, as the population ages and life span increases, the prevalence of AD will increase even further, and in 50 years, AD is predicted to afflict approximately 16 million people [4]. Although the above statistics underscore AD as a major public health concern, the prevalence of AD will not significantly decrease unless novel approaches emerge to help prevent and slow the progression and manage AD. Therefore, efforts to “think out of the box” and identify novel, modifiable factors involved in the initiation and progression of AD are of paramount importance.
Early Detection of Oral Epithelial Cancer with Endogenous Fluorescence Lifetime Endoscopy

Endogenous FLIM images are being acquired in vivo from patients undergoing tissue biopsy of oral lesions. Preliminary results from 20 patients strongly suggest the potential of endogenous FLIM for detecting oral pre-cancer/cancer from benign conditions.
Nuclear receptors and the initiation of thyroid hormone action.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of nuclear receptors and the initiation of thyroid hormone action with the help of some studies. It discusses specific nuclear binding, biological relevance of nuclear sites, and speculations about post-binding mechanisms. It attempts to provide a general correlation between the concentrations of nuclear sites in individual tissues and the responsivity of such tissues to thyroid hormone and presents a comparison of the published thyromimetic activity of thyroid hormone analogs in bioassay with the relative nuclear binding affinities of such analogs. An effort is also made to determine whether maximal saturation of nuclear sites can lead to maximal hormonal tissue effect. The chapter presents three independent lines of evidence supporting the concept that nuclear binding sites act as true receptors: (1) the gross correlation between the density of nuclear sites in various tissues and responsivity of such tissues to thyroid hormone administration; (2) the correlation between affinity of nuclear binding and the established biological potency of thyroid hormone analogs; and (3) constraints to hormonal response at the tissue level imposed by the limited number of nuclear sites. It also presents a discussion confined to the relationship between hormone response and nuclear occupancy.
Robot-Assisted Abdominal Cerclage During Pregnancy.

Background and objectives Cervical insufficiency is a difficult condition to diagnose and can lead to preterm birth, miscarriage, or perinatal infant morbidity and mortality. We conducted this retrospective case study and literature review to evaluate the safety and efficacy of robot-assisted abdominal cerclage during pregnancy. Methods We conducted a case series and a systematic review that included patients who underwent robot-assisted abdominal cerclage during pregnancy from January 2010 through March 2016. Results Six patients met the criteria for the case series. Median age was 34 years (range, 28-37) at the time of the procedure. In 5 cases, the indication for transabdominal cerclage was a failed vaginal cerclage in a previous pregnancy, whereas a scarred and shortened cervix caused by a previous dilatation and curettage-induced cervical laceration was the indication in the remaining case. Median operating time was 159.5 minutes (range, 124-204), and median estimated blood loss was 25 mL (range, 10-25). No surgeries were converted to laparotomies; all patients were discharged on postoperative day 1. The median gestational age at delivery was 37.5 weeks (range, 22-39). Five patients delivered between 36 and 39 weeks. No patients had chorioamnionitis or preterm premature rupture of membranes. One patient went into preterm labor at 22 weeks, and the cerclage was removed via minilaparotomy. Eight articles met the criteria for systematic review. Sixteen patients underwent robot-assisted abdominal cerclage during pregnancy. Median age was 31.5 years (range, 25-37). The major indication in most articles was previous failed transvaginal cerclage. The median gestational ages at time of procedure and delivery were 12 weeks (range, 10-15) and 37 weeks (range, 33-39), respectively. Conclusion Robot-assisted abdominal cerclage is safe and effective during pregnancy.
Interstorm Relations in Pacific Northwest

Annual maximum precipitation events for 1-hr, 2-hr, 3-hr, 6-hr, 12-hr, and 24-hr durations are identified. The concurrent event for each other duration is then selected. The relations between the annual maximum events and the concurrent rainfall for each other duration (which may or may not also be an annual maximum event) are studied. The interduration relations are shown to vary according to relative storm size and to be different in coastal and inland areas. A new method of developing mass precipitation curves for synthesized storms is proposed for use in hydrologic design and engineering studies.
Superior Targeted Anti-Platelet Activity of Nitrite

Nitric Oxide (NO) is known to inhibit platelet activation and aggregation, primarily through activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Several NO donor drugs that take advantage of this pathway have been proposed to decrease platelet activation and thrombosis These include the S-nitrosothiols such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and spontaneous NO releasing drugs such as diazeniumdiolates (also known as NONOates). More recently, the simple anion nitrite (NO2–) has been shown to inhibit platelet activation and aggregation in vitro and in vivo in rodents and humans. In this work, we compare the efficacy of one micromolar nitrite to that of one micromolar GSNO and one micromolar Diethylamine NONOate (DEANO) in inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation. Under normoxic conditions, nitrite had no effect on platelet activation while GSNO and DEANO significantly inhibited platelet activation. In the absence of red blood cells (that is in platelet rich plasma) nitrite again showed no activity whereas one micromolar GSNO and DEANO inhibited platelet activation. However, under hypoxic conditions, and in the presence of red blood cells, nitrite was as or more effective at inhibiting platelet activation than GSNO and DEANO. Nitrite was also as effective as GSNO and DEANO in inhibiting platelet aggregation in mixed venous blood. Whereas the presence of red blood cells is necessary for nitrite’s anti-platelet action, red blood cells reduced the efficacy of GSNO and DEANO. Importantly, physiological concentrations of NO and GSNO are three orders of magnitude below those used in these studies (one micromolar), but one micromolar nitrite is only 3-10 times resting physiological plasma levels and equal to that obtained after consumption of high nitrate containing foods or beverages. Thus, nitrite is an effective anti-platelet agent that is activated by red blood cells and has enhanced activities with physiological hypoxia. A nitrite-red blood cell-NO pathway may contribute to maintenance of normal hemostasis.
Does preoperative depression predict post-operative surgical pain: A systematic review.

Abstract Background As surgical procedures have been developed and refined, determining which factors predict rapid and successful surgical outcomes has become a priority. Significant psychosocial influences on surgical outcomes have been found with numerous procedures. The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review of randomized-control trials and observational studies to examine the relationships between pre-operative depression and post-operative ( Materials and methods Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched for studies published from January 1, 2006 and August 31, 2016. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each report based on predefined inclusion criteria (study design, measure of pre-operative depression, and post-operative pain). Participants included adult patients undergoing surgical procedures diagnosed with depression pre-operatively. Patients were assessed for post-operative pain via pain scales and use of post-operative pain medications. Data was summarized qualitatively due to limitations of comparability and transformation. Significant clinical and statistical heterogeneity of the included studies was identified. Results Of 1091 abstracts reviewed, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Due to the significant clinical and statistical heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not performed. 8 studies (comprising a total of 1314 patients) reported a statistically significant effect of pre-operative depression on post-operative pain. 10 studies encompassing a total 1226 patients failed to demonstrate a statistically significant effect of depression on postoperative pain. Conclusion The analysis of results was limited to a systematic review and qualitative analysis of the eligible studies. Based on this systematic review we identified 8 studies reporting a statistically significant effect of pre-operative depression on post-operative pain and 10 studies reporting no statistically significant effect of pre-operative depression on post-operative pain. Therefore, the quality of presented data is poor and makes it challenging to answer further questions. Large epidemiologic studies in this field are needed to provide further evidence.
A phase II study of everolimus (E) and sorafenib (S) in patients (PTS) with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer who have progressed on sorafenib alone.

6072 Background: Recently, S became the first drug FDA-approved in 40 years to treat progressive, RAI-refractory thyroid cancer. S inhibits VEFR, PDGFR, Kit and RET. With S, patients achieve a medi...
OCT velocimetry reveals electrical-evoked temporal capillary hemodynamics in mouse cerebral cortex during functional activation (Conference Presentation)

The cerebral vascular system serves constant demand of neuronal activities in the brain. Neural activations are typically followed by immediate rise in local blood flow through neural-vascular coupling. Temporal dynamics and spatial redistribution of this hyperemia within the capillary bed play a deterministic role in oxygen diffusing capacity, however, the functional behavior of which remains poorly understood. Taking the advantages of the high spatiotemporal resolution of OCT velocimetry designed upon eigen-decomposition (ED) statistical analysis, we investigated the intrinsic capillary red blood cell (RBC) fluctuations within mouse cerebral cortex, representing as bandwidths of the RBC flow frequencies. The temporal hemodynamics before (rest) and during (activation) a bout of hindpaw electrical stimulations are accordingly analyzed to resolve alterations in capillary flow disturbance and its spatial distribution. In our experiment, the electrical stimulation provokes a temporal RBC fluctuation increase (rest: 16715 m/s; activation: 20516 m/s; P 0.05) ; accompanied with an increase in capillary RBC velocity (rest: 49640 m/s; activation: 61349 m/s; P 0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed for the capillary vessel density in either HSC (rest: 0.390.02 m/s; activation: 0.370.01 m/s; P > 0.05) or control (rest: 0.360.02 m/s; activation: 0.370.02 m/s; P > 0.05). We conclude that neural activation evokes spatiotemporal redistribution of capillary hemodynamics regulated through instantaneous increments in flow disturbance and flow velocity, but involves no recruitment of reserved capillaries (no RBC transit path variation). Our demonstration shows the potential of OCT angiography for functional investigation and modeling of spatiotemporally coupled hemodynamics to neural activities.
Religious Diversity and Religious Participation in U.S. Jewish Communities

This article examines variations in Jewish denominational identification (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Just Jewish) among fifty-five U.S. Jewish communities completing local Jewish community...
Traveling and standing thermoacoustic waves in solid media

Abstract The most attractive application of fluid-based thermoacoustic (TA) energy conversion involves traveling wave devices due to their low onset temperature ratios and high growth rates. Recently, theoretical and numerical studies have shown that thermoacoustic effects can exist also in solids. However, these initial studies only focus on standing waves. This paper presents a numerical study investigating the existence of self-sustained thermoelastic oscillations associated with traveling wave modes in a looped solid rod under the effect of a localized thermal gradient. Configurations having different ratios of the rod radius R to the thermal penetration depth δk were explored and the traveling wave component (TWC) was found to become dominant as R approaches δk. The growth-rate-to-frequency ratio of the traveling TA wave is found to be significantly larger than that of the standing wave counterpart for the same wavelength. The perturbation energy budgets are analytically formulated and closed, shedding light onto the energy conversion processes of solid-state thermoacoustic (SSTA) engines and highlighting differences with fluids. Efficiency is also quantified based on the thermoacoustic production and dissipation rates evaluated from the energy budgets.
Articular Cartilage Repair of the Knee in Athletes

Athletes are at an elevated risk for articular cartilage injury of the knee, especially in pivoting sports such as soccer and basketball. Due to the poor intrinsic healing response of articular cartilage, these injuries can be debilitating and even career threatening for high level athletes. Athletes often damage their articular cartilage in conjunction with other pathology such as an anterior cruciate ligament tear or meniscus tear, and these typically need to be addressed at the same time as the articular cartilage. Fortunately, there are an increasing number of surgical treatment options available to restore the articular cartilage of the knee. Outcomes data is still relatively limited, especially for athletes, but there is a growing body of evidence that patients can return to sport after articular cartilage surgery, although the recovery may be lengthy. Microfracture and autologous chondrocyte implantation, and osteochondral autograft to a lesser degree, have demonstrated fair to good rates of return to sport. Appropriate rehabilitation is essential and the quality of the tissue repair appears to be an important factor influencing return to play. Much of the evidence for return to play is in soccer and American football, with less data for other sports. Although promising, more studies are needed to better define and predict return to play and long term outcomes in athletes after articular cartilage surgery in the knee.
Comparing Alternative Policies for Modification of Energy Subsidies: The Case of Groundwater Pumping for Irrigation

Abstract The present paper studies the effects of alternative modifications of a subsidy for electricity used to pump groundwater on the behavior of profit maximizing groundwater users. It proposes a stylized model for groundwater extraction, and then numerically derives general results by simulation. The model is applied to aquifers in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico and Kern County, California. The performance of two traditional policy intervention measures—subsidy elimination and reduction—are compared to a new, innovative modification policy, namely, decoupling the subsidy from the electricity bill; this policy is arguably more politically acceptable. The results of extensive simulations suggest that the rate of aquifer water extraction, and the consequent level of water in the aquifer, can be improved significantly by changing the subsidy structure.
Effect of diabetes and hyaluronidase on the retinal endothelial glycocalyx in mice.

Abstract We sought to investigate the effects of diabetes and hyaluronidase on the thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx layer in the mouse retina. In our study, the retinal circulation of diabetic Ins2(Akita) mice and their nondiabetic littermates were observed via intravital microscopy. The endothelial glycocalyx thickness was determined from the infusion of two fluorescently labeled plasma markers, one of which was a high molecular weight rhodamine dextran (MW = 155,000) excluded from the glycocalyx, and the other a more permeable low molecular weight sodium fluorescein (MW = 376). In nondiabetic C57BL/6 mice, the glycocalyx thickness also was evaluated prior to and following infusion of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that can degrade hyaluronic acid on the endothelial surface. A leakage index was used to evaluate the influence of hyaluronidase on the transport of the fluorescent tracers from the plasma into the surrounding tissue, and plasma samples were obtained to measure levels of circulating hyaluronic acid. Both diabetes and hyaluronidase infusion significantly reduced the thickness of the glycocalyx in retinal arterioles (but not in venules), and hyaluronidase increased retinal microvascular leakage of both fluorescent tracers into the surrounding tissue. However, only hyaluronidase infusion (not diabetes) increased circulating plasma levels of hyaluronic acid. In summary, our findings demonstrate that diabetes and hyaluronidase reduce the thickness of the retinal endothelial glycocalyx, in which hyaluronic acid may play a significant role in barrier function.
Dietary Patterns of Women in Relation to Risk of Over- and Underweight in Nepal (P10-056-19)

This study describes dietary patterns of women in Nepal and how dietary patterns vary by under-and-overweight, socioeconomic status (SES), and agro-ecological zone. In 2016, a national mid-year nutrition and health survey was conducted in Nepal. In each zone (mountains, hills and Tarai) 7 sub-districts (village development communities, VDCs) were systematically selected after a random start (N = 21). Within each VDC, 3/9 wards (N = 63) were sampled in proportion to population and all households were enumerated. In all, 5380 women, married 1 child 25.0 kg/m² (26.7%) and those eating pattern 3, the lowest (1.4%). Pattern 1 had the lowest prevalence of BMI <18.5 kg/m² (12.6%), and pattern 6 the highest (28.8%). Dietary patterns of women in Nepal are heterogeneous, vary by SES, agro-ecological and cultural factors, and are associated with risk of over and underweight. Supported by USAID through the Feed the Future Nutrition Innovation Lab, with additional assistance from Sight and Life and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Iceberg Wall Following and Obstacle Avoidance by an AUV

In 2017 a team from MBARI and Stanford University deployed an AUV in Sermilik Fjord in Greenland to map the walls of icebergs. 24 missions were run over a period of a week, and a detailed 3D map of a specific iceberg was obtained. This paper describes the design of the control and obstacle-avoidance system and subsequent field operations.
Photoconductivity of few-layered p -WSe 2 phototransistors via multi-terminal measurements

Recently, two-dimensional materials and in particular transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been extensively studied because of their strong light–matter interaction and the remarkable optoelectronic response of their field-effect transistors (FETs). Here, we report a photoconductivity study from FETs built from few-layers of p-WSe2 measured in a multi-terminal configuration under illumination by a 532 nm laser source. The photogenerated current was measured as a function of the incident optical power, of the drain-to-source bias and of the gate voltage. We observe a considerably larger photoconductivity when the phototransistors were measured via a four-terminal configuration when compared to a two-terminal one. For an incident laser power of 248 nW, we extract 18 A W−1 and ~4000% for the two-terminal responsivity (R) and the concomitant external quantum efficiency (EQE) respectively, when a bias voltage V ds = 1 V and a gate voltage V bg = 10 V are applied to the sample. R and EQE are observed to increase by 370% to ~85 A W−1 and ~20 000% respectively, when using a four-terminal configuration. Thus, we conclude that previous reports have severely underestimated the optoelectronic response of transition metal dichalcogenides, which in fact reveals a remarkable potential for photosensing applications.
A Direct Light Curve Inversion Scheme in the Presence of Measurement Noise

Shape and attitude of resident space objects directly affect the orbit propagation via drag and solar radiation pressure. Obtaining information beyond an object state is integral to identifying an object, aid in tracing its origin and its capabilities. For objects that have a significant distance to the observer, only non-resolved imaging is available, which does not reveal any details of the object. So-called non-resolved light curve measurements, i.e. brightness measurements over time, can be used to determine the shape of convex space objects using an inversion scheme. The inversion process starts by first determining the Extended Gaussian Image and then solving Minkowski problem to obtain the closed shape result. In this paper, the effect of measurement noise on the shape inversion and the influence of the measurement geometry is investigated. Despite the presence of measurement noise, in a new methodology, expanding upon established inversion techniques, almost perfect inversion results can be obtained in a two-step process: first, an initial light curve is used for shape hypothesis creation, and then, a second (potentially very short) light curve is used for selection of the best hypothesis. Results are shown for two standard shapes of a cuboid and a house shape.
14 Psychological Assessment in Industrial/Organizational Settings

All work organizations must manage its employees well in order to be successful. Scientifically developed and professionally administered psychological assessments are critical tools to use in accomplishing this goal. This chapter provides both the historical context and a contemporary framework with which to view the numerous approaches to conducting such assessments. We pay special attention to both the challenges involved and the assessment-practice solutions that appear to meet the needs of the many stakeholders involved. Keywords: assessment; instrument; measurement; performance; test
Nutritional and safety assessments of foods and feeds nutritionally improved through biotechnology: lysine maize as a case study.

During the last decade, the area of biotech crops modified for agronomic input traits (e.g., herbicide tolerance and insect protection) has increased to 90 million ha/year, grown by over 8 million farmers in a total of 17 countries. As adoption of these improved agronomic trait biotech crops has grown, so has interest in biotech crops that have improved nutritional characteristics for use as feed and food. A previous publication by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) reported on the principles and concepts proposed for the nutritional and safety assessments of foods and feeds nutritionally improved through biotechnology. In this paper, the guidelines and principles recommended in the earlier publication are discussed relative to a specific case study, Lysine maize. Lysine maize is a feed ingredient with enhanced nutritional characteristics for poultry and swine and provides an alternative to the need for addition of supplemental lysine to some diets for these animals. The 2004 Task Force of the ILSI has also applied the concepts from that report to 4 other case studies: sweet potato enriched in provitamin A (2 examples, one using biotechnology and one using conventional breeding); Golden Rice 2; double-embryo maize; and ASP-1 enhanced protein sweet potato.
Nematode Management in Potatoes (Irish or White)

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest on potatoes in Florida. Root-knot, sting, and stubby-root nematodes are the primary problems. Sampling is an important component of confirming nematode problems in a field. Nematode management relies heavily on chemical control (nematicides), but crop rotation and soil culture are important considerations as well.
The Effect of Metal-Oxide Coating on the Electrochemical Performance of Carbon-Nanofibers Anodes in Lithium-ion Batteries

With the invention of the electric cars and the exponential growth in portable electronics over the last decade, energy storage systems that can supply and store more power are of utmost importance. Li-ion batteries (LIBs) entered the market less than a decade ago to keep up with market demands and have since become the most efficient way to store energy due to their reversible nature. Graphite is currently the most widely used material in (LIB) anodes due to its long cycle life and low manufacturing cost, its main drawback being its low theoretical capacity of 372 mAg-1. Metal oxides have been of interest as electrode materials for (LIBs) due to their inherently high theoretical capacities and low cost. However, the main drawback of metal oxide-based anodes includes high volume expansion, particle agglomeration, and dendrite formation. Developments in composites and novel micro/nano-structures that withstand large temperature ranges and maintain structural stability have attracted interest for their use as electrode materials in LIBs. Here, we explore the performance of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3), Tin Oxide (SnO2), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), and Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4), coated on carbon fibers as hosts for lithium ion insertion/de-insertion during charge/discharge process. The synthesis and design of Fe2O3/Carbon and SnO2/C composite fibers were reiliazed by the centrifugal spinning of metal-oxides precursors in polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/ dimethylformamide (DMF) solutions and followed by calcination at 600 °C in an inert gas. The characterization of Fe2O3/C, ZnO/C, Co3O4/C and SnO2/C composite fibers was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The pre-coated carbon fibers with metal-oxide nanoparticle precursors showed improved electrochemical performance compared to the pristine composite carbon-fibers anodes.
Cool, Calm, and Collected: The Associations Between Self-Leadership and Adult Mental and Relational Health Outcomes

Internal Family Systems (IFS) is an effective model of psychotherapy. The central concept of IFS is the Self, characterized by compassion, calm, and courage. The Self is theorized to reduce adult m...
Role of IQGAP1 in Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Tumorigenesis.

Approximately 25% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In these cancers as well as in HPV-associated anogenital cancers, PI3K signaling is highly activated. We previously showed that IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), a PI3K pathway scaffolding protein, is overexpressed in and contributes to HNSCC and that blocking IQGAP1-mediated PI3K signaling reduces HPV-positive HNSCC cell survival and migration. In this study, we tested whether IQGAP1 promotes papillomavirus (PV)-associated HNSCCs. IQGAP1 was necessary for optimal PI3K signaling induced by HPV16 oncoproteins in transgenic mice and MmuPV1 infection, a mouse papillomavirus that causes HNSCC in mice. Furthermore, we found that, at 6 months post-infection, MmuPV1-infected Iqgap1−/− mice developed significantly less severe tumor phenotypes than MmuPV1-infected Iqgap1+/+ mice, indicating a role of IQGAP1 in MmuPV1-associated HNSCC. The tumors resulting from MmuPV1 infection showed features consistent with HPV infection and HPV-associated cancer. However, such IQGAP1-dependent effects on disease severity were not observed in an HPV16 transgenic mouse model for HNC. This may reflect that IQGAP1 plays a role in earlier stages of viral pathogenesis, or other activities of HPV16 oncogenes are more dominant in driving carcinogenesis than their influence on PI3K signaling.
SyRust: automatic testing of Rust libraries with semantic-aware program synthesis

Rust’s type system ensures the safety of Rust programs; however, programmers can side-step some of the strict typing rules by using the unsafe keyword. A common use of unsafe Rust is by libraries. Bugs in these libraries undermine the safety of the entire Rust program. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly test library APIs to rule out bugs. Unfortunately, such testing relies on programmers to manually construct test cases, which is an inefficient and ineffective process. The goal of this paper is to develop a methodology for automatically generating Rust programs to effectively test Rust library APIs. The main challenge is to synthesize well-typed Rust programs to account for proper chaining of API calls and Rust’s ownership type system and polymorphic types. We develop a program synthesis technique for Rust library API testing, which relies on a novel logical encoding of typing constraints from Rust’s ownership type system. We implement SyRust, a testing framework for Rust libraries that automatically synthesizes semantically valid test cases. Our experiments on 30 popular open-source Rust libraries found 4 new bugs.
Palliative Modified Radical Mastectomy to Improve Quality of Life by Decreasing Disease Burden: A Case Report

In cases of advanced pathology, palliative medicine is able to confer a great deal of relief to the patient. In the same light, surgical intervention is able to provide increased quality of life in cases of extensive disease burden, providing palliation where curative measures cannot be achieved. In the case study therein, a patient presents with metastatic breast cancer with a localized fungating mass contributing to severe local and systemic symptomatology. In this setting, invasive management of her disease allowed for clinical improvement of the patient when medical management alone was not sufficient. The patient quickly demonstrated recovery of her symptoms in the post-operative phase when the local disease was resected. The utilization of invasive measures, as seen in this case, further proves the importance of multidisciplinary palliative care where surgical measures are included in patient care.
Developing a virtual assessment protocol for the AMPLIFI Randomized Controlled Trial due to COVID-19: From assessing participants' preference to preparing the team.

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person research assessments needed to be adapted to ensure safety of participants and staff. Participants' willingness to participate in research activities, how to prepare assessors to ensure data integrity, and the feasibility of modified protocols, were unknown. Within the AMPLIFI randomized clinical trial (RCT) for cancer survivors, we elicited participants' preferences and willingness to participate in Clinic, Home, or Virtual assessments, prepared assessors for, and implemented virtual assessments. Methods 1) We conducted phone surveys of potential AMPLIFI participants; 2) Based on survey results, we modified assessments from in-person to virtual visits (VV) by videoconference. Assessors were trained and certified, i.e., assessors recorded 3 assessments that were reviewed and scored by 2 investigators. The modified protocol was proposed to 62 participants: we report numbers of those who agreed to attend VV. Results 1) Survey results: Among 74 survey respondents, 44.6% preferred, 75.7% were willing to attend Clinic Visits; 32.4% preferred, 83.8% were willing to do VV; 23% preferred, 77% were willing to do Home Visits. Survivors 70+ were less likely than 50-69 years old to be willing to do VV: no other differences were noted by gender, race, rural status or education. 2) Assessment uptake: 66.1% agreed to attend VV, and of them 75.6% completed them. Conclusion Diverse research participants adapted to protocols that prioritize their safety, although older participants may be reluctant to do virtual assessments. Virtual assessments are feasible and research teams can rigorously prepare to collect quality data through them.
Strontium incorporation during calcite growth: Implications for chemical mapping using friction force microscopy

Abstract Sr partitioning on calcite crystals growing from Ca2 +–Sr2 +–CO32 − solutions was studied by means of friction force microscopy (FFM). Experiments were performed with various Sr2 +(aq)/Ca2 +(aq) concentration ratios and total Sr2 +(aq) concentration in order to examine conditions under which Sr-calcite growth is self-limiting (e.g., the so-called “template effect”) and also to investigate continuous Sr-calcite growth, where spiral growth predominates and Sr incorporation is sector-dependent. In these latter experiments, the goal was to evaluate the utility of friction force microscopy to discriminate sector zoning. Results from the experiments show that friction increases with the incorporation of Sr into the growing calcite layers. The maximum increase in friction was measured at high Sr2 +(aq)/Ca2 +(aq), although a quantitative link between a specific amount of increase in friction to a specific amount of Sr incorporation was not possible to determine due to experimental uncertainties. Nevertheless, it was possible to establish that no change in friction is detectable when Sr incorporation yields a solid composition of Sr0.05Ca0.95CO3. Friction was found to increase during growth of several layers in an incremental fashion. The increase can be linked either to an incremental increase in Sr content in the newly formed calcite, controlled by the thermodynamics of the strained layers necessitated by the substitution of larger Sr cations into the calcite, or to the incremental increase in layer thickness which in turn leads to increases in the probe-surface contact area. No difference in friction could be observed between acute and obtuse sectors under any of the experimental conditions, which was primarily due to the limits of the friction measurement sensitivity.
Rod function evaluation by the use of synchronous detector techniques for electroretinographic analysis.

The synchronous detector technique is described for recording electroretinograms (ERG) with particular reference to separation of rod and cone function. Thus rod function is emphasized by using blue stimuli at rates of 5 to 17 cycles per second, with a darkened background. The basic principles of signal detection are the same as have been described for measurement of cone function, when white -flash stimuli are used at frequencies of 17 to 60 cycles per second, with normal background illumination. The results are of markedly different character, however, with an average rod delay time which is longer (average 61 msec.) than the average cone delay time (24 msec). The results are compared with the conventional averaged waveform ERG presentation in normal subjects and in subjects icith achromatopsia and retinitis pigmentosa.
Alcohol and Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters

This chapter discusses the relationship of alcohol and fatty acid ethyl esters. Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) are nonoxidative ethanol metabolites that are esterification products of fatty acids and ethanol. FAEE directly contribute to cell injury induced by ethanol abuse, but the exact mechanism by which FAEE mediate this toxic effect remains to be discovered. Most of the enzyme activities found to be catalytic for FAEE synthesis are esterification enzymes that link fatty acid or fatty acyl-CoA to ethanol. However, there are a number of reports that suggest that the hydrolysis of fatty acids from a more complex lipid molecule (such as phospholipid and triglyceride) is the rate limiting step in the formation of FAEE, and that the esterification step is presumably either nonrate-limiting or nonenzymatic. FAEE are of growing importance in the toxicity induced by excess ethanol intake. There is an increasing evidence that FAEE mediated cytotoxicity and FAEE are proving to be a robust marker of ethanol intake in a variety of cells and tissues, and in the blood. The use of FAEE to monitor ethanol intake or to identify individuals as chronic alcoholics should continue to strengthen as more clinical studies are completed.
Duodenal chemosensing: Master control for epigastric sensation?

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Querying Historical Data in IBM DB2 C/S DBMS Using Recursive SQL

Many applications handle time-varying data. In this paper, we discuss how existing features of IBM DB2 for AIX Version 2 can be used to support this type of applications efficiently, in terms of both storage and query evaluation1. We discuss several temporal data models, the tradeoffs among these models, and how one can formulate so-called “as of” or “time-slice” queries in these models. We also show how “time-coalesce” operation can be expressed directly in SQL. In all these features, the recursive SQL capability supported by DB2 plays a crucial role. While DB2 lacks many temporal features proposed in the literature, we show to what extent existing features of a commercial DBMS, such as DB2, can be used to provide some advanced supports for time-varying data.
The organization of actin in spreading macrophages: The actin-cytoskeleton of peritoneal macrophages is linked to the substratum via transmembrane connections

Abstract The cytoskeleton of murine peritoneal macrophages has been examined by a combination of morphological techniques, including phase-contrast light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and several transmission electron microscopic (TEM) methods. The cytoskeleton of cells spreading on glass, Formvar-carbon, and polystyrene substrata was exposed by brief extraction with non-ionic detergent, and stabilized by exposure to heavy meromyosin, myosin subfragment-1 or tropomyosin. In the spreading lamellae and lamellipodia the cytoskeleton is principally composed of filamentous actin, which appears as dense foci, interconnected by radiating filaments and filament bundles. The actin of the foci, as well as individual actin filaments, are connected to the substratum by transmembrane linkages which appear as filaments that pass through the plane of the (extracted) plasma membrane. Thus, the results of this study indicate that the adhesion of macrophages to substrata for the purposes of spreading and motility may be a function of transmembrane elements which link actin to substrata. Further, the formation of actin foci may serve to stiffen and stabilize the cytoskeleton, conditioning it to function in cell adhesion, spreading and locomotion.
Implementation of FocalPoint GS location-guided imaging system

Background: Recently, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the location-guided imaging system FocalPoint GS (FPGS), on SurePath Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for primary screening. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of FPGS on the following: distribution of diagnostic categories; rate of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)–positive ASC-US cases; and quality control (QC) data before and after FPGS implementation. Methods: A search of the laboratory information system was performed to identify all SurePath Pap tests processed in our laboratory for the first 19 months after FPGS implementation. We also retrieved all SurePath specimens from a 16-month period prior to FPGS implementation to serve as the control. During the period from Janaury 2008 to April 2009, the FocalPoint Slide Profiler was used. Results: Implementation of FPGS resulted in a significantly higher percentage of LSIL and ASC-US interpretations, as well as a significant increase in the detection of candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. The ASC-to-SIL ratio was 1.4 and 1.9 before and after FPGS implementation, respectively. There was a decrease in the HR-HPV positive rate in ASC-US cases, and a decrease in the estimated false-negative fraction after FPGS implementation. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study seems to demonstrate a favorable performance of FPGS in the routine clinical setting. FPGS may have the potential to be a promising screening tool for gynecologic cytology in a low-risk patient population. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.