cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic performance characterization: Optimization by regression basis with application to health management

Prognostics and health management (PHM) systems in the photovoltaic (PV) marketplace are garnering increased attention and scrutiny as deployment soars and continues to accelerate. The foundation for any PHM system is the accurate prediction and subsequent comparison to measured data. For PV this is most frequently based on the output AC power. All PHM methods rely on in-field sensor readings to construct predictor variables to forecast expected power output - regardless of the solution method (regression, artificial neural networks, Bayesian, etc.) - and these observed quantities even in the ideal case constitute an incomplete basis set. This naturally gives rise to variations in derived coefficients - regardless of the model used to solve for them. These `seasonal errors' incurred in this application are simply a statement that some dynamic features are ignored or not fully accounted for in the predictor-basis set. In this work, these variations are examined in the standard multiple linear regression framework in the “local” limit where the global variations are not known. In this paper, we examine the deviations between the observed and regression-expected AC power at a daily level as a function of the chosen polynomial basis.
Contrail Formation and Propulsion Efficiency

The contrail factor is the ratio of water vapor to enthalpy added by combustion to the exhaust plume from an aircraft engine. It is the key parameter determining the highest temperature at which contrails will form behind a particular engine on a particular aircraft. Cycle calculations are used to estimate contrail factors for a range of e ight environments at a range of power settings, for generic low-bypass and high-bypass turbofan gas-turbine engines. It is found that, contrary to assumptions made in current methods of contrail forecasting, the contrail factor is not constant for a given engine type. The contrail factor varies even forthe same engine at different power settings and e ight conditions. Results are shown for a range of conditions, including e ight levels between 25,000 and 50,000 ft in a standard atmosphere, e ight Mach numbers ranging from 0.4 to 0.9, and powersettings from idle (low) to military (high). The computed contrail factors range from 0.030 to 0.053 g¢ kg i 1±± C i 1 for the low-bypass engine and from 0.038 to 0.090 g¢ kg i 1± C i 1 for the high-bypass engine. Changes in contrail factor can be roughly related to changes in the threshold environmental temperature for contrail formation by the relationship that a 10% increase in contrail factor results in a 1 ± C higher threshold temperature in a typical upper tropospheric environment for threshold temperatures near i 50 ±± C. These calculations do not yield precise estimates of contrail factors for specie c engines, but demonstrate that contrail factors for a given engine are generally higher at lower power settings at a given Mach number, higher at higher Mach numbers at a given power setting, and higher at higher altitudes in general.
Benthic community—water column coupling during the 1982‐1983 El Niño. Are community changes at high latitudes attributable to cause or coincidence?1

The 1982-1983 El Niiio generated a strong signal which diminished poleward. Although water mass properties were clearly influenced at 48”N, no effects were identified on a rocky intertidal community which could unambiguously be attributed to El Niiio. The analyses included long term studies of the upper limits to the distribution of a red alga (7 years) and two species of mussels (14 years). No effect was identified on the recruitment, mortality, or growth of a brown alga, Postelsia. Major sea urchin recruitments have occurred on the Washington outer coast four times in the last 22 years, only two of which have been El Niiio events, although all were in years of warmer than average water. Major (extreme) episodes of mussel bed disruption occurred immediately after the latest El Niiio, but also during a cold water winter (1975-l 976). The data suggest that it is difficult to distinguish the influence of even a potentially strong perturbation against a biologically variable background when a long term data base exists. The 1982-1983 El Niiio event, because of its massive proportions and geographically broad extent, provided a rare opportunity for biologists to observe how marine communities might respond to a severe natural perturbation. These upwelling failures at lower latitudes disrupted plankton-based food chains (Feldman et al. 1984), leading to massive mortality of birds dependent on such resources (Schreiber and Schreiber 1984), and reduced the productivity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis (Zimmerman and
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of A17 during Vaccinia Virus Infection: Involvement of the H1 Phosphatase and the F10 Kinase

Vaccinia virus encodes two protein kinases (B1 and F10) and a dual-specificity phosphatase (VH1), suggesting that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of substrates on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues are important in regulating diverse aspects of the viral life cycle. Using a recombinant in which expression of the H1 phosphatase can be regulated experimentally (vindH1), we have previously demonstrated that repression of H1 leads to the maturation of noninfectious virions that contain several hyperphosphorylated substrates (K. Liu et al., J. Virol. 69:7823-7834). In this report, we demonstrate that among these is a 25-kDa protein that is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in H1-deficient virions and can be dephosphorylated by recombinant H1. We demonstrate that the 25-kDa phosphoprotein represents the product of the A17 gene and that A17 is phosphorylated on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues during infection. Detection of phosphotyrosine within A17 is abrogated when Tyr(203) (but not Tyr(3), Tyr(6), or Tyr(7)) is mutated to phenylalanine, suggesting strongly that this amino acid is the site of tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of A17 fails to occur during nonpermissive infections performed with temperature-sensitive mutants defective in the F10 kinase. Our data suggest that this enzyme, which was initially characterized as a serine/threonine kinase, might in fact have dual specificity. This hypothesis is strengthened by the observation that Escherichia coli induced to express F10 contain multiple proteins which are recognized by antiphosphotyrosine antiserum. This study presents the first evidence for phosphotyrosine signaling during vaccinia virus infection and implicates the F10 kinase and the H1 phosphatase as the dual-specificity enzymes that direct this cycle of reversible phosphorylation.
Relation of nitrogen utilization to yield components in soft red winter wheat

Abstract This study was conducted to characterize soft red winter wheat (Triticwn aestivum L.) cultivars for nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency and to determine which traits were most affected and the predictive value of these traits. Grain yield, number of spikes per m2, kernels/m2, kernels/spike and 1,000 kernel weight (TKW) were measured at maturity. Data were collected for three growing seasons from field plots grown on a silt loam and one growing season on a sandy loam. Results indicated that N utilization efficiency was not associated with grain yield. Kernels/m2 had the highest correlation with grain yield (r = 0.50) of the yield components. Kernels per spike had a correlation of 0.43 with grain yield. However, TKW was not correlated with grain yield. There was variation among cultivars as to how the yield components produced final grain yields. Path coefficients indicated a strong positive direct effect for kernels/spike on grain yield and N utilization efficiency. Kernels/spike was found to be t...
Oral D-4F Causes Formation of Pre-β High-Density Lipoprotein and Improves High-Density Lipoprotein–Mediated Cholesterol Efflux and Reverse Cholesterol Transport From Macrophages in Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice

Background— These studies were designed to determine the mechanism of action of an oral apolipoprotein (apo) A-I mimetic peptide, D-4F, which previously was shown to dramatically reduce atherosclerosis in mice. Methods and Results— Twenty minutes after 500 μg of D-4F was given orally to apoE-null mice, small cholesterol-containing particles (CCPs) of 7 to 8 nm with pre-β mobility and enriched in apoA-I and paraoxonase activity were found in plasma. Before D-4F, both mature HDL and the fast protein liquid chromatography fractions containing the CCPs were proinflammatory. Twenty minutes after oral D-4F, HDL and CCPs became antiinflammatory, and there was an increase in HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages in vitro. Oral D-4F also promoted reverse cholesterol transport from intraperitoneally injected cholesterol-loaded macrophages in vivo. In addition, oral D-4F significantly reduced lipoprotein lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), except for pre-β HDL fractions, in which LOOH increased. Conclusions— The...
Characteristics of life events during adolescence

Two studies of the characteristics of life events during adolescence are reported. In the first, open-ended reports of major life events and daily events were obtained from early, middle, and late adolescents. Analyses of the frequency of past events perceived as positive versus negative revealed effects for type of event (major vs. daily), age, and gender. In contrast, anticipated events were perceived similarly across age and gender. The second study examined judgments by older adolescents of the valence, type, and domain of life events. Consensus regarding these characteristics was achieved on only a small portion of events. The implications of these findings for the measurement of life events during adolescence are highlighted.
Validation of Scales From the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory in a Sample of Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans

The Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI) is a suite of scales that can be used to assess deployment-related factors implicated in the health and well-being of military veterans. Although initial evidence for the reliability and validity of DRRI scales based on Gulf War veteran samples is encouraging, evidence with respect to a more contemporary cohort of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans is not available. Therefore, the primary goal of the present study was to validate scales from the DRRI in a large sample of OIF army personnel diversified in occupational and demographic characteristics. In general, results supported the use of these DRRI scales in this population. Internal consistency reliability estimates were quite strong. Additionally, support was obtained for criterion-related validity, as demonstrated by associations with mental and physical health measures, and discriminative validity, as demonstrated by differences between key military subgroups.
Molybdenum nitrogenase catalyzes the reduction and coupling of CO to form hydrocarbons.

The molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase catalyzes the multi-electron reduction of protons and N2 to yield H2 and 2NH3. It also catalyzes the reduction of a number of non-physiological doubly and triply bonded small molecules (e.g. C2H2, N2O). Carbon monoxide (CO) is not reduced by the wild-type molybdenum nitrogenase but instead inhibits the reduction of all substrates catalyzed by nitrogenase except protons. Here, we report that when the nitrogenase MoFe protein α-Val70 residue is substituted by alanine or glycine, the resulting variant proteins will catalyze the reduction and coupling of CO to form methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethylene (C2H4), propene (C3H6), and propane (C3H8). The rates and ratios of hydrocarbon production from CO can be adjusted by changing the flux of electrons through nitrogenase, by substitution of other amino acids located near the FeMo-cofactor, or by changing the partial pressure of CO. Increasing the partial pressure of CO shifted the product ratio in favor of the longer chain alkanes and alkenes. The implications of these findings in understanding the nitrogenase mechanism and the relationship to Fischer-Tropsch production of hydrocarbons from CO are discussed.
Adiposity in Youth and Blood Pressure

The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of several traits that often coexist and augment risk for atherosclerotic disease, diabetes mellitus, and other conditions. The article by Srinivasan et al1 in this issue of Hypertension reports on changes in blood pressure over time in persons according to metabolic syndrome trait status, and the authors focus on issues related to adiposity. They highlight the longitudinal blood pressure experience of the Bogalusa Study in pediatric, adolescent, and adult age groups. The authors conclude that higher prehypertension is likely to be accompanied by increased adiposity; other metabolic abnormalities, such as elevated triglycerides, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher insulin levels accompany frank hypertension. Previous research has shown that weight gain in the Framingham Offspring population sample was a key contributor to the development of increasing systolic and diastolic pressure and the occurrence of hypertension over an 8-year follow-up interval.2 A later Framingham Offspring study with 16 years of follow-up showed that greater adiposity at baseline and weight change were both …
Structural and mechanical behavior of layered zirconium phosphonate as a distributed phase in polycaprolactone

Mixed-surface octyl/methoxyundecyl a-zir- conium phosphonates (ZrPs) were investigated as distrib- uted nanoscale fillers, in concentrations up to 50% w/w, for the purpose of increasing the elastic modulus and yield strength of polycaprolactone (PCL) without a meaningful reduction of its ductility. The volumetric nanoparticle load- ings were estimated to be over 70% higher than those in nanocomposites with comparable weight fractions of nano- clay. The mechanical properties of the ZrP/PCL nanocom- posite were evaluated with tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical testing methods. Nanocomposites containing 5% w/w ZrP showed significant increases in both the ten- sile yield stress and elastic modulus without any loss of ductility versus the unfilled polymer. Layer delamination from the ZrP tactoids was minimal. Kinetic barriers and the strong interlayer attraction between the ZrP surfaces limited intercalative penetration of the ZrP tactoids. ZrP loadings of 20% w/w or more resulted in the agglomeration of tac- toids, leading to defect structures with a loss of strength and, at the highest loading, ductility. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 993-1001, 2009
Who paid the cost for Free Web Service

This paper reviews the factors that drive web service to be free for client. Some of web service stand pure and still free and other adopt advertisement banner. However, we trying to understand both and based on which element they run advertisement. Besides, how advertisement assist web as dual advantage for business and client. Illustrate the relation between free web service and advertisement in four specific factors, and how that affect industrial and future product. However, those factors try to indicate to right decision based on analysis and evaluation of data collected. Factors are two types. Some of them have direct effect and other have indirect influence. Developer highlighted those based on information and data analysis seeking better result to serve market. Furthermore, third party might play some rules beside, factors such as traditional and culture based on different region. Many journals and articles observed during research, which they are relevant to the topic, and due to limited to range of source, which serve the aim of research within certain interest. The model goal to understand free web service, and which kind of factor improve the relation between industry and customer through advertisement tool. In additional, web service decide the range of advertising based on the factor. This paper show how web service is provide service to client without cost, and the web service expects from the client to share their interested. Based on the feedback, advertisement delivers industrial product to customer.
Adaptive Immunity Against Staphylococcus aureus

A complex interplay between host and bacterial factors allows Staphylococcus aureus to occupy its niche as a human commensal and a major human pathogen. The role of neutrophils as a critical component of the innate immune response against S. aureus, particularly for control of systemic infection, has been established in both animal models and in humans with acquired and congenital neutrophil dysfunction. The role of the adaptive immune system is less clear. Although deficiencies in adaptive immunity do not result in the marked susceptibility to S. aureus infection that neutrophil dysfunction imparts, emerging evidence suggests both T cell- and B cell-mediated adaptive immunity can influence host susceptibility and control of S. aureus. The contribution of adaptive immunity depends on the context and site of infection and can be either beneficial or detrimental to the host. Furthermore, S. aureus has evolved mechanisms to manipulate adaptive immune responses to its advantage. In this chapter, we will review the evidence for the role of adaptive immunity during S. aureus infections. Further elucidation of this role will be important to understand how it influences susceptibility to infection and to appropriately design vaccines that elicit adaptive immune responses to protect against subsequent infections.
Parallel Graph Processing: Prejudice and State of the Art

Large graph processing has attracted much renewed attention due to its increased importance for a social network analysis. The efficient parallel graph processing faces a set of software and hardware issues, discussed in literature. The main cause of these challenges is the "irregularity" of graph computations and related difficulties in efficient parallelization of graph processing. Unbalanced computations, caused by uneven data partitioning, can affect application scalability. Moreover, the issue of poor data locality is another major concern, that makes the graph processing applications memory-bound. In this paper, we aim to profile how large, parallel graph applications (based on Galois framework) utilize modern systems, in particular, memory subsystem. We found that modern graph processing frameworks executed on the latest Intel multi-core systems (a single node server) exhibit a good data locality and achieve a good speedup with an increased number of cores, contrary to traditional past stereotypes. The application processing speedup is highly correlated with utilized memory bandwidth. At the same time, our measurements show that the memory bandwidth is not a bottleneck, and the analyzed graph applications are memory-latency bound. These new insights can help us in matching the resource demands of the graph processing applications to future system design parameters.
Reporting Conventions: Journalists, Activists, and the Thorny Struggle for Political Visibility

This article draws upon 134 in-depth interviews with activists and journalists in an effort to reconcile the extensive activism taking place in the shadows of presidential campaigns with its near invisibility in the news. In his classic work, Todd Gitlin (1980) demonstrated that activists become newsworthy only by submitting to the "implicit rules of news making" (p. 3). This research supports his finding, but demonstrates that unbeknownst to activists, coverage of political outsiders is governed by a set of rules quite different from (and often diametrically opposed to) those employed in routine news-gathering. Taking cues from news creation practices that go on daily between journalists, parajournalists, and subjects, activist groups work assiduously to prepare members to fit the needs of political reporters. They bend over backwards to be media-friendly, which they perceive as professional, quotable, and credible, but ironically these studied attempts to conform to the norms of routine political reporting make them less appealing to journalists. While journalists may attend eagerly to elected officials' press conferences and official statements, they demand authenticity , particularly in the form of emotion and spontaneity, from outsiders—the very attributes activists work to erase in their media trainings. In the end, the activist groups fail to obtain coverage, not because they can't conform to the rules of news making, but because they are following the wrong rules. This article maps the contradictory sets of norms at play in the negotiation over news, and shows how they work together to create nearly insurmountable cultural boundaries for political outsiders.
Direct simulation evidence of generation of oxygen vacancies at the golden cage Au16 and TiO2 (110) interface for CO oxidation.

We show Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulation evidence of the generation of oxygen vacancies at the golden cage Au16 and TiO2 (110) interface for CO oxidation. Unlike the conventional Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism, the CO molecule adsorbed at the perimeter Au sites of Au16 tends to attack a nearby lattice oxygen atom on the TiO2 (110) surface rather than the neighboring co-adsorbed molecular O2. Our large-scale BOMD simulation provides, to our knowledge, the first real-time demonstration of feasibility of the Mars–van Krevelen (M-vK) mechanism as evidenced by the generation of oxygen vacancies on the TiO2 surface in the course of the CO oxidation. Furthermore, a comparative study of the CO oxidation at the golden cage Au18 and TiO2 interface suggests that the L-H mechanism is more favorable than the M-vK mechanism due to higher structural robustness of the Au18 cage. It appears that the selection of either M-vK or L-H mechanism for the CO oxidation is dependent on the structural flu...
THE EXPERIENCE OF TRUTH IN PSYCHOANALYSIS TODAY.

(2016). The Experience of Truth in Psychoanalysis Today. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 85, “IS TRUTH RELEVANT?”, pp. 503-530.
Techno-Economic Analysis of a New Settlement Power Boiler System

To solve the problems existing in large-capacity high-parameter units caused by increased height, lengthened pipeline and increased pressure loss of boiler,a new settlement boiler design was proposed, which makes the turbine platform and the boiler superheater-reheater platform on the same plane,so as to shorten the length of the main steam pipe and the cold/hot segment of reheated steam pipe.An analysis was performed on the variation of the pressure loss,the thermal economy and the cost of power generation resulted from the changes of pipe length.Results show that via the design of settlement boiler,the pipe length can be shortened significantly.When the main steam pipe,the cold segment and hot segment of reheated steam pipe are all shortened by 120m,the thermal efficiency of the power unit will be increased by 0.18%,while the coal consumption be reduced by 1.044g/(kW·h),and the initial investment of pipe material be reduced by 65million RMB.Based on annual utilization hours of 5 249hand coal price of 600 RMB/t,the annual coal consumption would be reduced by 6 093t,meaning the fuel cost would be loweredby 3.66million RMB/year,and the power generation cost would be reduced by 0.002 8RMB/(kW·h).
Pharmacists' practice opportunities in women's health

The article discusses the rising interest in women's health issues, including demographics, economic issues, and the unique health concerns of the postmenopausal woman. Practice opportunities abound regarding hormone therapy; heart disease; diabetes; osteoporosis; and psychosocial, health and diet, and lifestyle issues for this age group. Barriers to effective communication between the pharmacist and the postmenopausal woman are examined, and suggestions are made to improve communication skills. Patient assessment and the development and implementation of care plans and continued patient monitoring are reviewed. Resources for women's health care are suggested for both the practitioner and the patient.
Apigenin augments the growth inhibitory effects of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells derived from African American patients

B81 African American women are more prone to develop breast cancer at a younger age and present with a more aggressive, hormone-independent form of the disease than those belonging to other ethnic groups. Doxorubicin is commonly used in chemotherapeutic regimens to treat breast cancer irrespective of hormone receptor or p53 status. While patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancer can derive benefit from using this agent, the onset of adverse effects can significantly diminish their quality of life. Some patients use herbal supplements containing flavonoids, while being treated with Doxorubicin, believing these products will potentiate its effectiveness. The purpose of our study was to determine whether the flavonoid Apigenin could suppress the growth of breast cancer cell lines derived from African American breast cancer patients with varying hormone receptor and p53 status and augment the anticancer effects of Doxorubicin in these cells. The cell lines included in this study were: ER-positive, PR-negative HCC70 cells containing wild-type p53; ER-negative, PR-negative MDA-MB-468 cells containing mutant p53; and the ER-negative, PR-negative HCC1806 and MDA-MB-157 cell lines that are p53 deficient. The ability of Apigenin alone, and in combination with Doxorubicin, to suppress the growth of the breast cancer cell lines was assessed. Both Apigenin and Doxorubicin inhibited the growth of all the breast cancer cell lines in the micromolar range as determined by the Alamar Blue™ reduction assay. Apigenin potentiated the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Doxorubicin when co-treated with this agent as determined using phase-contrast microscopy and the Annexin V-PI assay. These results suggest that Apigenin may enhance the responsiveness of breast cancer patients to the anticancer effects of Doxorubicin including those with the more aggressive, hormone-independent form of the disease. Further studies are underway to correlate these observed changes with changes in expression of markers of apoptosis and proliferation such as BAX, bcl-2, ERK, PARP and survivin.
Fluorescent Mechanism-Based Probe for Aerobic Flavin-Dependent Enzyme Activity

Diversity in non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide secondary metabolism is facilitated by interactions between biosynthetic domains with discrete monomer loading and their cognate tailoring enzymes, such as oxidation or halogenation enzymes. The cooperation between peptidyl carrier proteins and flavin-dependent enzymes offers a specialized strategy for monomer selectivity for oxidization of small molecules from within a complex cellular milieu. In an effort to study this process, we have developed fluorescent probes to selectively label aerobic flavin-dependent enzymes. Here we report the preparation and implementation of these tools to label oxidase, monooxygenase, and halogenase flavin-dependent enzymes.
FXR1a-associated microRNP: A driver of specialized non-canonical translation in quiescent conditions

ABSTRACTEukaryotic protein synthesis is a multifaceted process that requires coordination of a set of translation factors in a particular cellular state. During normal growth and proliferation, cells generally make their proteome via conventional translation that utilizes canonical translation factors. When faced with environmental stress such as growth factor deprivation, or in response to biological cues such as developmental signals, cells can reduce canonical translation. In this situation, cells adapt alternative modes of translation to make specific proteins necessary for required biological functions under these distinct conditions. To date, a number of alternative translation mechanisms have been reported, which include non-canonical, cap dependent translation and cap independent translation such as IRES mediated translation. Here, we discuss one of the alternative modes of translation mediated by a specialized microRNA complex, FXR1a-microRNP that promotes non-canonical, cap dependent translation...
David Oliver: Getting real about care closer to home

There’s a growing consensus about how we must change to ensure sustainable future health services. Its essence is: let’s focus more on public health, prevention, and wellbeing; enhance primary and wider community support for people with long term conditions; and, during acute crises, help patients spend less time in hospitals—or none at all—repurposing resources and staff away from hospital buildings. In England we see such ambitions and rhetoric in political pronouncements and in key documents such as the NHS Five Year Forward View ,1 sustainability and transformation plans (STPs),2 and position papers from …
Is Oxygen Therapy Beneficial in Acute Myocardial Infarction? Simple Question, Complicated Mechanism, Simple Answer

Joseph Priestley first reported his discovery of oxygen in 1775 through observations of a candle burning in “dephlogisticated air.” He remarked that the candle burned with great “strength and vivacity” and speculated that this oxygen-enriched air could be used as a medicine; he also expressed concern for its toxic potential, since the candle burned out much faster in it than in “common air.”1 In many respects, these inferences on the potential for benefits and harms of supplemental oxygen have been borne out by experience over the subsequent two centuries. Blodgett first reported the beneficial effect of supplemental oxygen continuously administered . . .
Health Equity and Quality of Care Assessment: A Continuing Challenge.

Reducing racial and/or ethnic disparities in a variety of health outcomes from neonatal, infant, and adult mortality to premature birth rates has been a hospital, state, and national goal. One area of focus has been differences in the types of care (or quality of care) that patients from minority racial/ethnic groups receive compared with non-Hispanic white patients. Profit et al1 provide new evidence of this potential issue as applied to perinatal medicine. By using data from >100 perinatal hospitals in California, the authors document substantial differences in the care quality received by non-Hispanic African American and Hispanic patients compared with non-Hispanic white patients. The magnitude of these differences as assessed by the Baby-MONITOR care tool varied between hospitals, with some hospitals showing higher quality of care in minority racial and/or ethnic patients and other hospitals showing much lower quality. Beyond these important findings, though, this research also highlights the substantial challenge when combining health equity goals with the measurement of health care quality. Researchers and policy makers can take 1 of 3 approaches to assess the care quality differences that may underlie health disparities. Profit et al1 use the most common mechanism: apply a set of previously validated quality measures … Address correspondence to Scott A. Lorch, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South St, Floor 10, Room 10215, Philadelphia, PA 19146. E-mail: lorch{at}email.chop.edu
The Botanical Response of the Atacama and Peruvian Desert Floras to the 1982-83 El Niño Event

Abstract The Atacama and Peruvian Deserts form a continuous belt along the western escarpment of the Andes for more than 3,500 km from the Peru/Ecuador border (5°00's) to northern Chile (29°55'S). This region owes its severe aridity to a constant temperature inversion generated, in part, by the cool, north-flowing Humboldt (Peruvian) Current. The atmospheric influences associated with a positionally stable, subtropical anticyclone result in a mild, uniform coastal climate and regular formation of thick stratus clouds below 1,000 m during the winter months. Where coastal topography is low and flat, this stratus layer dissipates inward over broad areas with little biological impact. However, where small isolated mountains or steep coastal slopes are present, this stratus layer forms a fog zone concentrated against the hillsides. These moist fogs allow for the development of rich fog-zone vegetation termed lomas formations. These floristic assemblages essentially function as terrestrial islands separated by hyperarid habitat where plant life is completely absent or virtually so, with the exception of Cactaceae or terrestrial Tillandsia species. Significant desert rains occur only in association with rare, but recurrent, El Nino perturbations. What was estimated as the most severe El Nino of the century began in June of 1982. By early 1983, rains had moved down the length of coastal Peru and into northern Chile, and showers continued sporadically through June 1983. Botanical fieldwork throughout the Peruvian lomas in 1983 indicated the presence of a rich bloom. Species number and density had not been at such heights since a major El Nino event in 1925. The dynamics of lomas endemism and of how plants came to colonize the fog-island archipelago are potentially related to rare episodes of El Nino rainfall.
Isolation of High-Molecular-Length DNA from Human Skin

An agarose plug method for isolating high-molecular-length DNA from mammalian tissues has been developed, including from those that are difficult, such as skin. It gives high yields of DNA that contain a minimum of single-strand breaks and is readily digested by restriction and other nucleases. The method requires only simple equipment and is readily adaptable to field or clinical studies.
in vivo covalent binding of 14CCl4 metabolites in liver microsomal lipids

Abstract Covalently bound 14C from 14CCl4 is preferentially localized in the lipids of hepatic microsomes of rats within 15 min. Label was recovered in all classes of lipids isolated from the microsomal lipid extract by diethylaminoethyl column chromatography. Among phospholipids, specific activity was the highest in the fraction containing phosphatidyl serine and lowest in phosphatidyl choline. Cholesterol esters had more than ten times the specific activity of cholesterol.
Neonatal deaths in Alabama: II. Policy and research implications derived from a comparison of birth weight-specific state and medical center neonatal mortality rates

Abstract An analysis of Alabama's recent neonatal mortality rate was performed to answer questions pertaining to projected changes in the neonatal mortality rate in the next decade. With current technology these questions include: (1) Can the current decline in the neonatal mortality rate continue? (2) Which infants not now surviving are potentially able to be saved? (3) What types of new programs may further reduce the neonatal mortality rate? (4) For which infants may research provide technology leading to further reductions in the neonatal mortality rate? In this analysis, birth weight-specific neonatal mortality rates for Alabama were compared with the lowest birth rate-specific neonatal mortality rates achieved in perinatal centers. Specific causes of neonatal death for each birth weight group were determined. Data suggest that 20% of current neonatal deaths would be preventable with available technology through expanded regionalization of perinatal care for infants born weighing 2,499 gm, there is apparently little room for an improved neonatal mortality rate in this group. Without successful research leading to a reduction in preterm delivery rates, a reduction in lethal congenital anomalies or better survival of low-birth weight infants, Alabama's neonatal mortality rate is likely to level off at five to six per 1,000.
Theoretical Investigations of the Metal-Metal Interactions within the Trinuclear Au2Pt(CH2(S)PH2)4 Complex

Unparameterized Fenske-Hall molecular orbital calculations were performed on the title complex and its chlorine-oxidized analogue to help determine why the Au-Pt bondlengths decrease from 3.03 A to 2.66 A upon oxidation. The results indicate that the oxidation withdraws electron density from a metal-metal antibonding molecular orbital while populating a previously unoccupied metal-metal bonding orbital.
Types of Knowledge, Forms of Practice

This study was designed to explore the way that use of theory influenced a social worker’s conceptualization of a simulated case. The participant in this case study was a woman employed in child welfare, who holds an MSW. She was chosen because her response in a larger study represented a deviant case. Data analysis included both thematic analysis and an analysis of a written report based on ideas taken from institutional ethnography. The authors use this case example to illustrate the ways that one’s understanding of theory may impact social work practice. Key Words: Technical-Rational Practice, Reflective Practice, Social Work Practice, and Institutional Ethnography
The Spiritual Transcendence Index: An Item Response Theory Analysis

In an attempt to measure understudied dimensions of spirituality, recent efforts have focused on the transcendent dimension of spirituality. The Spiritual Transcendence Index (STI) was developed to...
Nonuniform Planning Target Volume Margins for Prostate Bed on the Basis of Surgical Clips on Daily Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Abstract Purpose We hypothesized that the interfraction motions of the superior and inferior prostate beds differ and therefore require different margins. In this study, we used daily cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the motion of postprostatectomy surgical clips (separated to superior and inferior portions) within the planning target volume (PTV) to derive data-driven PTV margins. Methods and Materials Our study cohort included consecutive patients with identifiable surgical clips undergoing prostate bed irradiation with daily CBCT image guidance. We identified and contoured the clips within the PTV on the planning computed tomography and CBCT scans. All CBCT scans were registered to the planning computed tomography scan on the basis of pelvic bony structures. The superior border of the pubic symphysis was used to mark the division between the superior and inferior portions. Results Eleven patients with 263 CBCT scans were included in the cohort. In the left–right direction, the global mean M, systematic error Σ, and residue error σ were 0.02, 0.03, and 0.16 cm, respectively, for superior clips, and 0.00, 0.03, and 0.03 cm, respectively, for inferior clips. In the anterior–posterior direction, the corresponding values were M = 0.01, Σ = 0.25, and σ= 0.37, respectively, for superior, and M = 0.08, Σ= 0.13, σ= 0.15, respectively, for inferior. In the superior–inferior direction, the values were M =-0.06, Σ= 0.23, and σ= 0.27, respectively, for superior, and M =-0.01, Σ= 0.21, σ= 0.20, respectively, for inferior. The results of the 2-tailed F tests showed that the anterior–posterior motion is statistically different between the superior and inferior portions in the anterior–posterior direction. There is no statistical difference in the superior–inferior and lateral directions. Therefore, we propose a set of nonuniform PTV margins (based on the formula 2.5 Σ+ 0.7σ) as 0.2 cm for all prostate beds in the left–right direction, 0.7 cm for all in superior–inferior, and 0.9 to 0.4 for superior–inferior in the anterior–posterior direction. Conclusions The difference in motion between the superior and inferior portions of the prostate bed is statistically insignificant in the left–right and superior–inferior directions, but statistically significant in the anterior–posterior direction, which warrants a nonuniform PTV margin scheme.
The influence of simultaneous mechanical and thermal loads on the stress distribution in molars with amalgam restorations.

A finite element analysis (FEA) of a mandibular molar restored with Class II amalgam restoration was conducted to determine the stress distribution which results from a superposition of simultaneous mechanical and thermal loading. A fully crossed three-level four-factor experimental design was used to evaluate the relative influence of crown temperature, time of thermal loading, occlusal force, and cavo-surface margin adhesion on the stress distribution. It was found that occlusal force and temperature had significant influence on the stress distribution and particularly on the maximum principal stress. Over the range in oral conditions considered, thermal loading contributed for over 35% of the stress within the restored molar subjected to simultaneous mechanical and thermal loads. Furthermore, thermal loading had significant effects on the magnitude of normal stress that develops parallel to the pulpal floor. Although marginal bonding of amalgam reduces the stress resulting from occlusal forces, thermal loading promotes the development of significant interfacial shear stresses along the bonded margin. Stresses related to the thermal component of loading concentrate near the pulpal floor and lingual surface margin, the site most prominent in cusp fracture. Hence, results from this study clearly indicate that an evaluation of new dental materials and/or restorative designs should consider the effects from a superposition of simultaneous mechanical and thermal loads on fracture resistance ©©2000©Kluwer Academic Publishers
Expression of Protein-Coding Gene Orthologs in Zebrafish and Mouse Inner Ear Non-sensory Supporting Cells.

Non-mammalian vertebrates, including zebrafish, retain the ability to regenerate hair cells (HCs) due to unknown molecular mechanisms that regulate proliferation and conversion of non-sensory supporting cells (nsSCs) to HCs. This regenerative capacity is not conserved in mammals. Identification of uniquely expressed orthologous genes in zebrafish nsSCs may reveal gene candidates involved in the proliferation and transdifferentiation of zebrafish nsSCs to HCs in the inner ear. A list of orthologous protein-coding genes was generated based on an Ensembl Biomart comparison of the zebrafish and mouse genomes. Our previously published RNA-seq-based transcriptome datasets of isolated inner ear zebrafish nsSCs and HCs, and mouse non-sensory supporting pillar and Deiters’ cells, and HCs, were merged to analyze gene expression patterns between the two species. Out of 17,498 total orthologs, 11,752 were expressed in zebrafish nsSCs and over 10,000 orthologs were expressed in mouse pillar and Deiters’ cells. Differentially expressed genes common among the zebrafish nsSCs and mouse pillar and Deiters’ cells, compared to species-specific HCs, included 306 downregulated and 314 upregulated genes; however, over 1,500 genes were uniquely upregulated in zebrafish nsSCs. Functional analysis of genes uniquely expressed in nsSCs identified several transcription factors associated with cell fate determination, cell differentiation and nervous system development, indicating inherent molecular properties of nsSCs that promote self-renewal and transdifferentiation into new HCs. Our study provides a means of characterizing these orthologous genes, involved in proliferation and transdifferentiation of nsSCs to HCs in zebrafish, which may lead to identification of potential targets for HC regeneration in mammals.
Marcks Is a Critical Downstream Mediator of IL-1-Driven AML Progression

Background: Whole-genome sequencing and expression studies have revealed significant heterogeneity in the molecular abnormalities driving AML. Selective inhibitors have been developed for many of the pathways influenced by these genetic alterations, but successful translation of these agents into the clinic is limited by both disease heterogeneity and drug resistance. Targeting of inflammatory pathways to block leukemia progression and eliminate leukemic clones is an emerging concept in AML therapy. We have shown that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), in AML microenvironment enhances the growth of leukemic progenitors in variety of genetic subtypes while inhibiting the normal progenitors' growth. To reveal molecular mechanisms underlying such paradoxical effect, we performed RNA-seq analysis on AML and healthy progenitors post IL-1 stimulation. We found myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is one of the most differentially expressed genes in AML progenitors compared to healthy progenitors. MARCKS is a major substrate of protein kinase C, and plays a crucial role in cell survival, migration, and cell cycle progression. Increased MARCKS expression promotes metastasis in solid tumors and inhibiting its activation is being proposed as a therapeutic strategy. However, its role in AML has not yet been investigated. Here, we show a crucial role of MARCKS activation in IL-1-mediated leukemia progression. Method and Results: Using the RNA-seq gene expression data of 451 primary AML patient samples (Tyner et al., Nature 2018), we tested the correlation of MARCKS with IL1R1 receptor expression in AML primary samples and found it to be positively correlated (r = 0.45, p Conclusion: MARCKS is over-expressed and -activated in various AML genetic subtypes. IL-1 stimulation of AML progenitors increases MARCKS phosphorylation. MARCKS promotes AML progression by increasing the cellular growth, survival, and cell cycle progression of leukemic cells. These results suggest that MARCKS may serve as marker for IL-1 mediated inflammatory stress and offers a route for new targeted therapy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Feasibility and safety of orbital atherectomy for the treatment of in-stent restenosis secondary to stent under-expansion

Background Debulking and ablative techniques are sometimes used for the treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) secondary to resistant stent under-expansion (SU). The safety and effectiveness of orbital atherectomy (OA) in this cohort of patients has not been reported. Methods We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients treated with OA for ISR secondary to balloon undilatable SU at two academic tertiary care centers between October 2016 and June 2019. Angiographic or intravascular imaging identified SU. Technical success was defined as residual 0% stenosis with TIMI III flow. Results A total of 41 patients were included in the study. Patients had an average age of 65 ± 12 years; 73% male, 61% diabetic, 41% with prior coronary artery bypass grafting, 61% with a prior incident of ISR, 51% presented with stable angina, 17% unstable angina, and 32% non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Implantation of the under-expanded stents occurred between 2 months and 22 years prior to the index procedure. A total of 27% of patients had multiple layers of stents in the target lesion and 32% of patients had in-stent chronic total occlusion. Technical success was achieved in 40 (98%) patients. There were 2 (5%) major adverse cardiovascular events; both of them were periprocedural MI from the no-reflow phenomenon. There were 2 (5%) Ellis type II coronary perforations that required no intervention. Conclusions OA can be effectively performed as an adjunctive tool in the treatment of ISR with balloon undilatable SU. The use of OA for SU is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is "off label" and caution must be used to limit any device/stent interaction.
Chapter 10 – Mentoring

How is collegiality defined? How do faculty members behave collegially? How do faculty members experience collegiality? Why is collegiality significant? Does collegiality enrich faculty mentorship? Can the ambiguous aspects of collegiality adversely impact faculty mentees? This chapter explores the answers to these questions and provides advice for incoming faculty at research extensive institutions with regard to individual and organizational responsibilities. It discusses the correlation between collegiality and mentorship with respect to diversity.
Recent Trends in the Waviness of the Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Polar and Subtropical Jets

A feature-based metric of the waviness of the wintertime, Northern Hemisphere polar and subtropical jets is developed and applied to three different reanalysis data sets. The analysis first identif...