cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pleural Effusion Causing Cardiac Tamponade Following the Transition From Negative- to Positive-Pressure Ventilation During Aortic Aneurysm Repair

THE USE OF echocardiography provides real-time, highyield information concerning valve and chamber function and allows intravascular volume assessment as well as an estimate of pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances. As such, the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is recommended to facilitate the diagnosis for patients with hemodynamic instability undergoing noncardiac surgery. Pleural effusion is a common postoperative complication following cardiac surgery and mostly resolves with conservative management. Large pleural effusions can cause hemodynamic compromise, but this has not been reported previously in patients who display normal respiratory mechanics under positive-pressure ventilation. The authors present a case report of a known pleural effusion causing unanticipated hemodynamic compromise during general anesthesia. They postulate that the transition from negativeto positive-pressure mechanical ventilation was a pivotal contributing factor for the development of cardiac tamponade physiology. The emergent use of TEE provided for a rapid diagnosis and facilitated treatment of a pleural effusion with restoration of hemodynamic function.
Some Factors Influencing Biomineralization in Earth History

The history of the earth from first life is reviewed in terms of various factors that could influence biomineralization. The first record of life, prokaryotic organisms, seems to coincide with the first occurrences of sedimentary rocks. Carbon isotopes and the organic content of sediments 3.6 billions of years old are like those of today, attesting to oxygen production because of carbon dioxide reduction and organic Carbon deposition. However, oxygen sinks were so abundant that atmospheric oxygen levels remained low (10−5 Today?) until perhaps 2.0 billions of years ago. Thus there was a very long period (until 2.5–3.8 billion years ago) during which oxidation of iron, sulfur and primordial gases was taking place, increasing the reservoirs of oxygen — sulfates and ferric iron compounds and decreasing oxygen sinks — chiefly ferrous silicates, ferrous carbonates and ferrous sulfides.
Environmental Transport Model of Heavy Metals

A general model TOHM was developed to predict the transport of heavy metals originating from the stack emissions of a coal-fired electric generating facility into a final environmental sink. The metals studied were Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Hg, produced from a hypothetical plant situated in Southern Utah. TOHM is non-site specific, and is the result of interfacing submodels describing atmospheric diffusion, soil erosion, precipitation, and soil chemistry. Examples are presented of model predictions for sediment delivery and heavy metal distribution and delivery to Lake Powell from the area of stack emission deposition. The environmental impact over a 25-yr period of the above mentioned coal fuel facility, evaluated using these model predictions, shows Hg and Cd to be of concern, while indigenous soil levels of Zn, Cr, and Pb greatly outweigh contributions expected from the generating facility. The model is as yet unvalidated.
JOHN BAUGH , Beyond Ebonics: Linguistic pride and racial prejudice . New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. vii, 149. Hb $29.95.

The foundation of the Ebonics controversy (EC) was laid centuries before its December 1996 debut. The EC was not about the name “Ebonics,” but about a legacy. In the Introduction, Baugh writes: “This text attempts to clarify several of the issues, misconceptions, and educational policies that emerged from the Ebonics controversy while striving to view them within the broader context of the linguistic legacy of American slavery and to address the linguistic prejudices that tend to inhibit improved race relations” (xiii). Within this context, Baugh clarifies how the EC happened, and why.
Modified Enzymatic Methods for the Determination of L-(+)-Lactic and Pyruvic Acids in Blood

Modifications of the enzymatic methods of analyses for L-(+)-lactic and pyruvic acids in whole blood result in average recoveries of 99% for lactate and 100% for pyruvate. The modified lactate procedure facilitates the handling of a large number of analyses. The pyruvate blood recovery studies demonstrated that proper centrifugation following deproteinization is a prime determinant for achieving 100% recovery from whole blood. The importance of technic in performing recovery experiments is emphasized.
Deep Level Defect Characterization of MBE Grown Ingaas/Gaas Heterostructures

Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements have been performed on Schottky diodes fabricated on MBE grown InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures. The dominant electron trap in this material is found at a depth of 0.30eV below the GaAs conduction band and is believed to be the previously observed M3 defect. Two other defects, at depths of 0.50eV and 0.58eV below the GaAs conduction band, were also observed. Defect depth profiling shows the 0.50eV defect to be spatially locatednear the heterointerface. The 0.58eV defect is not observed near the heterointerface but is observed in large concentrations deep in the GaAs epilayer. Optical DLTS measurements reveal deep defects at 0.54eV and 0.31eV above the InGaAs valence band as well as a large, broad peak, most likely consisting of several energy levels with varying capture cross sections,located at the heterointerface. Two carrier accumulation peaks were also seen in the CV carrier profiling measurements and are suggested to be due to two heterointerface defects located at 0.68eV and 0.87eV below the GaAs conduction band.Thermally stimulated capacitance measurements also indicate minority hole emission in this n-InGaAs/N-GaAs heterostructure.
Ruler Autonomy and War in Early Modern Western Europe

Following Kant, many scholars have argued that rulers often benefit more from war than do their subjects, and thus that rulers with more autonomy from subjects will initiate more wars. They usually test this argument by focusing on whether democratic states are less prone to initiate wars than autocracies, and generally find little or no relationship. These are not adequate tests of the general argument, since they turn both ruler autonomy and the interests of actors into rough dichotomies (democracy vs. autocracy, rulers' interests vs. interests of all subjects), and they ignore opportunity costs. This article uses a model of state policy formation based on agency theory to provide a better measure of ruler autonomy by differentiating between institutional autonomy and resource autonomy. We also use a more nuanced specification of the interests of different groups of subjects, taking their opportunity costs into account. This model allows us to derive more precise propositions about the relationship between ruler autonomy and war initiation. An analysis of war in four Western European states (England, France, Sweden, and Spain) between 1400 and 1700, using logit regression and qualitative comparative analysis, provides some support for the central propositions of the theory.
Partisan vote buying and suspensions in the Postreform House

In the US House, the Suspension of the Rules procedure provides a route by which vote buying may occur. To investigate the conditions under which partisan theories anticipate that this behavior is ...
Raymond Stora and Les Houches 1970

Abstract The marvelous Les Houches summer school of 1970 bore the trademark of Raymond Stora.
Contrastive Analysis of Precipitation on January in Almaty,Urumqi and Yining

Based on the precipitation data of January in Almaty station in Kazakhstan,Yining and Urumqi station in Xinjiang during 1967 to 2009,simple linear regression,Mann Kendall mutation test and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of precipitation of these areas.Results showed that the precipitation changes were not obvious in Almaty and Yining,and there was a weak downward trend.Precipitation of Urumqi significantly increased.The interdecadal changes of precipitation were not obvious in Almaty.There was less precipitation in Urumqi before 1980,and gradually increased from then on.Yining was similar to Urumqi.Precipitation of January in Almaty showed no mutation,and there was a short periodic variation of 6 ~ 7 years before 1980,then a long periodic variation of 10 ~ 15 years.Precipitation of January in Yining showed no mutation,and there was a short periodic variation of 6 years before 1980,then periodic changes of 8 years and 11 years,and the change cycle was not stable.Precipitation of Urumqi mutated in 1978 and 1981,and there were periodic variations of about 6 years and 12 years.
A Salesforce-Driven Model of Consumer Choice

We develop a salesforce-driven consumer choice model to study how performance-based commissions incentivize a salesperson’s service effort toward heterogeneous, substitutable products carried by the firm. We use a structural approach to back out the effort that is unobserved from data, and conduct counterfactual experiments that help provide important managerial insights. The model quantifies the impact of commissions on salespeople’s service effort toward differentiated products, and the impact of such effort on the demand and the substitution pattern between products. In our empirical application, we calculate the own- and cross-elasticities of demand with respect to the change in commissions. We further demonstrate how to use these results to compare the effectiveness of various performance-based incentive policies.
18F-Fluciclovine (FACBC) and Its Potential Use for Breast Cancer Imaging

Radiolabeled amino acids have been in use for oncologic imaging for more than 2 decades, and several amino acids have proven utility in neurooncology. More recently, a major focus in this field has been the development of 18F-labeled amino acids targeting distinct transporter systems with different
Fighting parents' hopelessness.

(1982). Fighting Parents' Hopelessness. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 75-89.
How's your Spanish, Vietnamese, Hmong and ...? Or, can your pediatric patients understand you?

While there are areas of concentration in particular states, throughout the nation the number of young children (and their parents/guardians) who have limited communication abilities in the English language is continuing to increase. Almost three-quarters of school-age children with limited English language proficiency speak Spanish at home.
Enzyme immunoassay for detection of Drosophila melanogaster antigens in the juice of various foods.

Description d'une methode d'analyse d'antigenes pour la mise en evidence et le denombrement indirect des oeufs de cet insecte dans des saumures pour choucroute
Thymomas With Extensive Clear Cell Component: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of Nine Cases.

Objectives: Nine cases of thymomas with an extensive clear cell component are presented. Methods: The patients were six men and three women aged between 45 and 62 years (mean, 52 years). Presenting symptoms included shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough. Diagnostic imaging revealed anterior mediastinal masses in all patients, and all underwent thymectomy. Results: Grossly, the tumors varied from 3 to 9 cm in the greatest dimension. Four cases were invasive and five encapsulated. Histologically, the tumors were characterized by an epithelial cell component with extensive clear cell change, admixed with lymphocytes in varying proportions. Immunohistochemically, the tumors demonstrated the typical immunophenotype of thymomas characterized by positive staining of the epithelial cells for pancytokeratin and cytokeratin 5/6, absent expression of CD5 and c-kit, and reactivity of the lymphocytes for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Clinical follow-up available for six patients showed that all were alive and well 12 to 24 months after surgical resection. Conclusions: The cases herein presented highlight an unusual feature in thymoma that has more commonly been ascribed to thymic carcinoma. They also emphasize the importance of correct diagnosis to determine the appropriate treatment strategy and to accurately predict prognosis.
Immanent Critical Tendencies and Secular Crisis

The cyclical processes studied in the last chapter emerge from inherent and necessary characteristics of capitalism as a social system of reproduction and accumulation. It is possible to imagine the use of public policy to control and mitigate the effects of cyclical crisis; it is hardly possible, however, to imagine capitalism without cyclical crisis as an immanent reality and potential. Marx’s central insight in this regard is that what economists call ‘the crisis’ is in fact the cure. The actual crisis is the contradictory tension that has built itself up in the boom phase of rapid accumulation; the subsequent downturn, with its bankruptcies, recession, unemployment, destitution and chaos, is the system’s means of restoring conditions for a new round of growth. The crisis removes obstacles to accumulation by, first, imposing a new discipline on the working class — creating conditions in which workers have no choice but to accept higher rates of exploitation and insecurity — and, second, shaking out the weakest capitalist units of control, via a new round of concentration and centralization of capital. In a bear market, so the Wall Street saying goes, the money returns to its rightful owners.
Motivation and Emotion: Reflections on the History of an Attributional Approach

This article outlines the history of an attributional approach motivation and emotion from the author’s perspective. The article highlights the underlying empirical and theoretical consistency in the apparent face of changes in directions. In addition, the article discusses the legacies that have remained.
Review: Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Geschichte und Poesie

Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Geschichte und Poesie [Karl Friedrich Schinkel: History and Poetics] Kulturforum, Berlin 7 September 2012–6 January 2013 Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Munich 1 February–12 May 2013 More than thirty years have passed since the work of Germany’s preeminent nineteenth- century architect, Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781–1841) was presented in a major retrospective in Berlin. In 1981, to mark the two hundredth anniversary of his birth, both parts of the divided city held separate exhibitions. East Berlin made use of the most obvious choice for such an event, Schinkel’s Altes Museum of 1825, and proudly focused on his buildings in the center of Berlin and Potsdam (both part of East Germany at that time), exhibiting a series of large models and architectural drawings. West Berlin’s museums had inherited Schinkel’s paintings, as well as some drawings, furniture, and furnishings, and— nolens volens— focused on those, downplaying his architecture and emphasizing the work of his pupils and followers. The site of the exhibition was the Martin-Gropius-Bau of 1881, designed by one of Schinkel’s students. The recent exhibition, conceived by an institution located in the western part of Berlin, at first sight seemed to have followed in the footsteps of its predecessor before the fall of the Wall. It too, downplayed Schinkel’s architecture, and instead emphasized his paintings, drawings, and sketches and his designs for furniture and furnishings. The reasons, however, were not Cold War constraints but a substantial research grant from the German Ministry of Education and Research to Berlin’s Kupferstichkabinett (the drawing and print collection of Berlin’s State Museums, housed at the former West Berlin Kulturforum near Potsdamer Platz), charging it to catalog, critically examine, and make accessible all of Schinkel’s approximately fifty-five hundred sketches, drawings, and paintings in its holdings. The multiyear research project was led by the director of the Kupferstichkabinett, Hein-Theodor Schulze Altcappenberg, an expert on the drawings of Botticelli and Tiepolo, with conservator Irene Bruckle and curator Rolf H. Johannssen, supported by a team of …
Neural Dynamics of the Basal Ganglia During Perceptual, Cognitive, and Motor Learning and Gating

This article summarizes neural models that simulate how the basal ganglia contribute to associative and reinforcement learning, and to movement gating, in multiple brain systems. The first model proposes how the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) generates widespread dopaminergic learning signals in response to unexpected rewarding cues, including a circuit for adaptively timed learning using metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-mediated Ca2+ spikes that occur with different delays in striosomal cells. Similar circuits for spectral timing occur in cerebellum and hippocampus. The TELOS model shows how the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) learns to selectively gate saccadic eye movements or cognitive plans, and how spatially invariant object categories can activate spatially variant representations to control specific actions. The VITE model proposes how basal ganglia gating controls selection and variable speeds of arm movements. The cARTWORD model explains how prefrontally controlled basal ganglia gates can explain phonemic restoration, notably how future context can influence how past sounds are consciously heard. The MOTIVATOR model clarifies how the basal ganglia and amygdala coordinate their complementary functions to control learning and performance of motivated acts. The lisTELOS model proposes how sequences of saccades can be learned and performed from an Item-Order-Rank spatial working memory under the control of three parallel basal ganglia loops. Basal ganglia gating in the regulation of working memory storage, visual imagery, useful field of view, thinking, planning, and Where’s Waldo searching are also discussed, as is how its breakdown can lead to hallucinations.
Continuous Pseudoinversion of a Multivariate Function: Application to Global Redundancy Resolution

This paper seeks to generate a continuous pseudoinverse of a function that maps a higher dimensional compact set to a lower dimensional one. Continuity and smoothness should be attained if possible, but otherwise the volume of the discontinuity boundary should be minimized. A sampling-based approximation technique is presented that uses discretized roadmaps of both the domain and image, and minimizes discontinuities of the inverse function. The method is applied to kinematic redundancy resolution for redundant robots, which have more degrees of freedom than workspace dimensions. The output is a global redundancy resolution, which has the convenient property that whenever the robot returns to the same workspace point, it uses the same joint-space pose. If a global resolution cannot be found, then the method minimizes discontinuities and maps them in workspace. Results are demonstrated on toy problems with up to 20 DOF, and on several robot arms.
Using Carbon, Oxygen, Strontium, and Lead Isotopes in Modern Human Teeth for Forensic Investigations: A Critical Overview Based on Data from Bulgaria.

Isotopic data obtained from human remains can provide information about an individual’s origin, migration, and diet. We evaluate the usefulness of carbon, oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopes for forensic investigations by comparing data from Bulgarian teeth with data from other regions. Geo-referencing based on oxygen or strontium isotopes can be misleading due to overlap with other countries in Europe and other continents. Carbon and lead isotopes, in combination with oxygen and strontium isotopes, provide the most useful information for identification of local vs foreigner status. In particular, high-precision Pb isotopes show a distinct “Bulgarian” range; however, it is possible that individuals from other countries in Eastern Europe and/or central to western Asia could have overlapping isotopic values. Additional high-precision multi-isotope data from modern humans from different regions in the world are required to transition from speculative to more quantitative estimation of a geographical place of origin for unidentified human remains.
Effect of chronic treatment with grape juice during pregnancy and nursing in central nervous system of female wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic treatment with purple grape juice (Vitis labrusca L.), by free access or gavage, during the pregnancy and lactation on the behavior and parameters of oxidative stress on the central nervous system tissues of female Wistar rats. The female Wistar rats (n=40) were mated, and the pregnancy was confirmed by vaginal swab. After the pregnancy was confirmed, the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: water (free access); water (gavage); juice (free access); juice (gavage). The animals were treated with water or juice (free access or gavage). The gavage was done once a day at a dose of 7µL/g of body weight. On the open field test, we observed that the grape juice was able to increase the latency time, decrease the time to rearing and lower the time and the frequency crossing. In the plus maze test, the grape juice was able to decrease the time spent in the open arm, which suggests anxiolytic characteristics to the juice. On the oxidative stress analyzes, the grape juice was capable to reduce the lipid per oxidation, however, it was not able to reduce the protein oxidation induced by the damage provoke by the gavages. Grape juice increased non-enzymatic defenses (sulfhyidryl content) in the cerebral cortex. The activity of the SOD and CAT enzymes were modulated by grape juice differently depending on the tissue evaluated. We observed that the SOD/CAT ratio also presented a different behavior in each of the tissues. We conclude that pregnancy can be an important factor to alter various parameters, on behavioral or biochemical assays. However, we found that grape juice was able to improve some parameters, reducing the stress caused by gavage in brain structures.
Geographic Information Systems and the Nonprofit Sector: The Last Frontier?

This is an exploratory study examining the predictors of geographic information systems (GIS) adoption among nonprofit organizations. A variety of organization, system, and environment characteristics are measured via a survey administered to 72 managers of nonprofit organizations. Comparisons are made between GIS and website adoption by these organizations. Results indicate that nonprofit managers view characteristics related to GIS differently than characteristics related to websites. GIS adoption is also related to the size of the information systems (IS) staff, risk propensity, and ability to predict changes in demand.
¿Habrá moros en la costa? La producción cultural centroamericana leída desde España / Would there be Moors on the Coast? Central American Cultural Production as Read from Spain

Resumen: La literatura centroamericana hizo su aparicion en la peninsula espanola cuando Ruben Dario viajo hacia Madrid en 1892. Paris y Madrid se convirtieron en las metropolis culturales de Centroamerica a partir de esa fecha. Sin embargo, su pertenencia a la region no fue reconocida como tal. En Espana esta produccion fue leida desde una perspectiva hispano-centrica que le fue util a la peninsula para resolver sus propias contradicciones de legitimacion en el seno de Europa. En consecuencia, los escritores centroamericanos que publican con exito en la peninsula no pueden ser centroamericanos y cosmopolitas a la vez. En Espana se transforman en “hispanoamericanos.” Lo anterior elide su centro-americanidad, impidiendo la validacion de sus pertenencias afectivas regionales o nacionales a un espacio especifico. Palabras clave: Literatura, Modernismo, Dario, Hispanoamerica, istmo, cosmopolitismo, Centro-americanidad, marginalidad. Abstract: Central American literature first appeared in the Spanish peninsula when Ruben Dario traveled to Madrid in 1892. Paris and Madrid became since then the Central American cultural metropoles. However, their belongingness to the region was not recognized as such. In Spain, this production was read from a Hispano-centric perspective that was useful for the peninsula to solve its own issues of legitimization within Europe. As a result, Central American writers that publish successfully in Spain cannot be Central American and Cosmopolitan at the same time. In Spain, they become “Hispanic Americans”. This elides their Central Americanness, preventing the validation of their regional or national affective belonging to a specific space. Keywords: Literature, Modernism, Dario, Hispanic America, isthmus, Cosmopolitism, Central Americanity, marginality.
OpenMP Versus OpenCL: Difference in Performance?

This chapter compares OpenMP and OpenCL, which offer different constructs for describing data parallelism, with the question of whether one has an advantage over the other in the performance. A set of benchmarks is examined that initially show an advantage for OpenCL over OpenMP due to the optimization in the OpenCL code and algorithms, which were not present in naive OpenMP versions. OpenMP was slightly faster once these were corrected in these benchmarks. Also, a set of performance improvements are discussed that were found to be common for all workloads: use of local memory to achieve better data locality in the cache, use of vectorization, and use of large pages.
The role of carbohydrate as a post-translational modification of the receptor for epidermal growth factor.

The receptor for EGF is an integral membrane protein that mediates the mitogenic response of target cells to EGF and EGF-like polypeptides (1). The EGF receptor has been purified from cultured human tumor cells (2,3) and mouse liver (4). The receptor is a glycoprotein having an estimated molecular mass of approximately 170,000 daltons and no subunit structure. In addition to the N-linked oligosaccharide chains, the EGF receptor is also modified post-translationally by phosphate on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues and extensive disulfide bond arrangement is predicted. In addition to the molecule’s ligand binding capacity, the receptor acts as an allosteric enzyme; it contains a tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity that is activated by the binding of EGF (5,6). However, substrates of this receptor-kinase that are physiologically relevant to mito-genesis have not yet been identified. The focus of this article will be on the glycosylation of the EGF receptor during the biosynthesis of this molecule.
Barriers to Exascale Computing

The development of an exascale computing capability with machines capable of executing O(1018) operations per second by the end of the decade will be characterized by significant and dramatic changes in computing hardware architecture from current (2012) petascale high-performance computers. From the perspective of computational science, this will be at least as disruptive as the transition from vector supercomputing to parallel supercomputing that occurred in the 1990s. This was one of the findings of a 2010 workshop on crosscutting technologies for exascale computing. The impact of these architectural changes on future applications development for the computational sciences community can now be anticipated in very general terms. While the community has been investigating the road to exascale worldwide in the last several years, there are still several barriers that need to be overcome to obtain general purpose exascale performance. This short paper will summarize the major challenges to exascale, and how much progress has been made in the last five years.
Chapter 3 – Epidemiology

This chapter provides an overview of the global epidemiology of rabies, focusing on major changes over the past half-century and highlighting recent discoveries. This chapter also describes the natural and iatrogenic routes of transmission, as well as the risk and necessary actions for the prevention of rabies following an exposure. It reviews the methods for rabies diagnosis and the biologics for prevention, in addition to differences in rabies prophylaxis recommendations among advisory committees. The chapter also considers epidemiology and trends in global human rabies and the dynamics of the corresponding mammalian reservoir hosts for each area. Furthermore, it considers the phylogenetics of rabies virus, other lyssaviruses, and specific rabies virus variants in the context of regional rabies and the potential for novel emergences. Special attention is paid to developed countries, where existing surveillance and diagnostic infrastructure have provided detailed insights into the nature changing patterns in rabies epidemiology-patterns expected to be increasingly relevant to other less-developed nations based on current trends. Special attention is afforded to canine rabies, as dogs remain responsible for over 99% of all human exposures to the virus, including the methods and problems associated with intentional and unintentional movement of dogs at national and international levels. Finally, the chapter discusses the economic burden of rabies in terms of human and infrastructure support.
Yandell on religious experience

La plus grande partie du livre de Keith Yandell The Epistemology of religious Experience est consacree a la conclusion positive suivante : il y a une evidence experimentale de l'existence de Dieu. En discutant de l'evidence de cette experience dans les religions non theistes, il affirme que celle-ci n'existe pas pour les doctrines du moi jainiste et bouddhiste. Pour l'A., ces conclusions ne sont pas vraies. Si ces arguments ont du succes de par leurs conclusions, des arguments similaires etablissant la negation de la conclusion positive de Yandell en auront aussi.
Reconstitution of an Iron-Only Hydrogenase

Extracts from Clostridium pasteurianum were denatured in 7 M urea anaerobically to eliminate hydrogenase activity. Hydrogenase from the denatured extracts could be renatured by incubation anaerobically with sulfide, reduced thiol reagents, and Fe2+. Reconstituted extracts recovered 2% of the original hydrogen evolution activity. Reconstitution was also successful with purified hydrogenase I that was denatured anaerobically. This recovered 3.6% of its original hydrogen evolution activity. These results suggest that accessory proteins are not necessary for assembly of iron-only hydrogenases as they are for nickel-iron hydrogenases.
Quality of education impacts late-life cognition.

Objectives Screening tests of global cognition detect racial differences in scores even after adjustment for educational attainment. Differential educational environments in adolescence may affect individual cognitive function. This study examines the impact of high school educational quality on late-life cognition among community-dwelling older adults. Methods/design Data were collected from community-dwelling individuals from the Philadelphia Healthy Brain Aging (PHBA) cohort at the University of Pennsylvania Health System. The present analysis included subjects from the PHBA over the age of 55 years without a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease or dementia, who had attended high school in the City of Philadelphia. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); clinical information was abstracted from the subject's electronic health record. High school information was obtained from the Philadelphia Board of Education. After univariable correlations were defined, we performed stepwise multiple linear regression models to determine the most significant predictors of late-life cognitive status. Results A total of 130 subjects meeting inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Years of education, race, educational level, school district, and financial status were all positively associated with MoCA. Significant negative associations included composite vascular risk, attendance at highly segregated schools, and historical poverty status. In stepwise multiple linear regression modeling, the impact of race on cognition remained significant when educational attainment was added to the model but was no longer significant once segregation status was added. Conclusions This work suggests that academic and community factors beyond years of education have a marked impact on late-life cognition.
Summary of Experimental Testing of a Transonic Low Reynolds Number Airfoil

The U.S. Navy is developing small, transonic speed unmanned aircraft for electronic warfare missions. Typically, these small vehicles have wing chords of less than one inch, and with flight speeds of Mach 0.8 to 1.2, operate with chord Reynolds numbers (RNc) less than 500,000. For such low Reynolds numbers, viscous effects might be expected to dominate the character of the boundary layer, despite the compressibility effects. The design and analysis for one such vehicle, developed by NRL, identified the need for additional LRN transonic test data, and inspired these experiments.
Evaluating a smartwatch notification system in a simulated nursing home.

AIMS This paper evaluates a high-fidelity prototype of a smartwatch-based communication system for nursing homes. The system could improve communication between residents and caregivers, thus reducing staff response time and improving residents' safety. BACKGROUND Across the country, nursing homes are often cited as having serious quality and safety issues. Deficiencies in the communication systems that connect residents with caregivers significantly impact the quality of care. Most nursing homes still use traditional call light systems, that give visual and auditory cues to caregivers, who may or may not be in proximity to the system. This study evaluates a smartwatch communication system developed to quickly relay a resident's requests for assistance to staff anywhere in the nursing home. METHOD Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) employed by nursing homes were recruited to perform routine tasks using both a traditional system and a smart system. Response time to call lights, staff performance and outcomes were measured through direct and recorded observations and through the surveys of participants. RESULTS The smartwatch system reduced staff response time to call lights from bedrooms by 40%, from bathrooms by 58% and from bed exit alarms by 29%. The smartwatch system also reduced perceived workload by about 50% and was highly accepted by the CNAs. CONCLUSION A smartwatch-based notification system may increase staff performance and decrease workload, thus leading to greater staff and patient satisfaction, which could ultimately lead to better quality of care and patient safety. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study provides empirical evidence for the usefulness of smartwatches in facilitating the notification and communication processes in healthcare settings and is also among the first to actually examine a smartwatch system in a healthcare setting.
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER STEMI: THE LOMA LINDA EXPERIENCE

Loma Linda is one of the five blue zones in the world where people have higher life expectancy. We aimed to determine whether social determinants affect STEMI clinical outcomes in a large, tertiary-care medical center located in Loma Linda. This retrospective study reviewed patients who presented
102 Extracurricular Activity Involvement and Depression Among High School Students

Introduction While physical activity has been shown to promote positive mental health and aid in treatment, the association between involvement in other activities and depressive symptoms among adolescents remains unclear. We sought to fill a gap in the literature by examining relationships between involvement in sports, art, and leadership activities during high school and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that all types of involvement would be associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Methods We performed a secondary data analysis using the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, a population-based survey of students in grades 9 and 11 (N=81,885). Descriptive sample statistics (e.g., frequencies) and chi-square tests, stratified by sex, were used to examine relationships between depressive symptoms and involvement in different extracurricular activities among males and females. Analyses were performed using SPSS. Results For males and females, involvement in sports was associated with lower levels of depression, compared to non-involvement. Compared to males who did not participate in arts (16.6%), those who did were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms (21.2%). In addition, females involved in leadership activities were significantly less likely to report depressive symptoms (21.9%) than those who were not involved in these activities (28.7%). Consistent with previous research, females were more likely to report depressive symptoms than males. Females also were more likely to participate in arts and leadership activities. Conclusion For males and females, sports participation, and for females, involvement in leadership activities, may represent protective factors against depressive symptoms during adolescence. However, clinicians might consider inquiring about depressive symptoms among adolescent males involved in art-related activities.
“How Dare You!” African American Faculty and the Power Struggle With White Students:

Higher education institutions are hiring more Intellectuals of Color to diversify their faculty. However, the diverse faculty presents an adverse dynamic between White male students and Black femal...
Facilitating participation in conversation groups for aphasia

Although facilitated group conversations for aphasia are a popular practice within contemporary clinical aphasiology, only a small number of published studies have shed some light on how interactio...
Managing Difference: White Parenting Practices in Socioeconomically Diverse Neighborhoods:

Drawing on 40 interviews with white parents in two mixed-income neighborhoods—one that is majority-white and the other that is multiracial—this article examines how residence in socioeconomically d...
Persuasive Advertising in a Vertically Differentiated Market

We study a scenario in which firms offering products of different qualities can use persuasive advertising to influence consumers' preferences and perceptions about product quality. Consumers have an absolute and a relative component of utility from quality, and derive diminishing marginal utility of quality (e.g., due to loss aversion from qualities below a reference point). We consider two types of effects of ads: influencing a consumer's valuation of quality relative to price (valuation shifting), and influencing a consumer's reference point against which she evaluates quality (reference shifting). We find that a monopolist only uses ads that increase total utility from a product. However, competing firms may use ads that reduce total utility from a product - even their own product (e.g., by making the quality reference point higher) - because they may increase the utility of their offering in comparison with the competing offering, thus placing them in a favorable competitive position. We also find that the faster the marginal utility from quality diminishes, the greater preference firms have for reference-shifting ads over valuation-shifting ads. Interestingly, perceived consumer surplus may decrease if products are less differentiated, even though this leads to higher pricing competition, because of shifts in advertising strategy.
Neoliberal Ideology and the Myth of the Self-Made Entrepreneur

Neoliberal political leaders such as Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (1979-90) and President Ronald Reagan (1981-89) heralded entrepreneurs as capitalist heroes. Yet for the most part the policies they enacted did not help real entrepreneurs. Their ideology impaired their ability to promote entrepreneurship because they viewed support for entrepreneurs primarily in negative terms as the removal of government tax and regulatory burdens rather than in positive terms as the cultivation of a dynamic market infrastructure. This paper presents this argument in four steps, focusing on the U.S. case: 1) how neoliberal reforms embodied internal contradictions; 2) how reforms to market governance undermined entrepreneurship; 3) how other neoliberal policies also failed to support entrepreneurs; and 4) how policies that violated neoliberal principles, such as industry and technology policies, were actually more supportive of entrepreneurs.
Research on the electric field intensity distribution of high-voltage cable terminal improved by non-linear material

The electric field distortion caused by the high voltage current environment in the cable terminal will greatly increase the failure probability and reduce the operation safety; therefore, it is necessary to ensure the uniform distribution of the electric field in the terminal. This paper briefly introduced the high-voltage cable terminal and non-linear materials. The traditional silicone rubber and the silicone rubber added with nano-SiO2 were prepared. The electrical conductivity of the two silicone rubbers was tested, and the electric field of the cable terminal was simulated. The results demonstrated that the nano-SiO2 improved silicone rubber had a higher non-linear conductivity and was less affected by temperature. The calculation results of the simulation model also showed that the distribution of the internal field strength was more uniform, and the maximum field strength on the reinforced insulation was smaller after the improved silicone rubber was used as the reinforced insulation.
Continuous versus categorical aspects of Japanese consecutive devoicing

Abstract The phenomenon of high vowel devoicing is almost obligatory in the Tokyo dialect, except for some environments in which complete devoicing is often blocked. One such case is so called consecutive devoicing, where two or more consecutive vowels are in devoicing environments. Although several accounts of consecutive devoicing have been proposed, its linguistic nature is still being debated. The current study presents a detailed investigation of the nature of consecutive devoicing in Japanese, examining the influence of various factors on its likelihood, speaker variability, and phonetic realization. Twenty-four native speakers of Tokyo Japanese produced 30 words containing consecutive devoicing environments. Mixed-effects modeling revealed that several phonetically and phonologically motivated factors simultaneously contribute to the likelihood of consecutive devoicing and the pattern of partial devoicing. Wide intra- and inter-speaker variability was observed, indicating that realization of consecutive devoicing is not always consistent within a speaker, and that the relative weight of conditioning factors may vary across speakers. Vowel duration in consecutive devoicing environments (which reflects partial devoicing) showed a bimodal distribution, indicating that realization of consecutive devoicing cannot be determined solely by its phonetic environment. Taken together, the results demonstrate both continuous and categorical aspects of consecutive devoicing in Japanese.
Exchange Join Geometries—The Theory of Incidence and Dimension

A new postulate is now introduced which permits “exchange of points” in the generation of linear hulls. The postulate is equivalent to a most basic property of Euclidean geometry: two points determine a line. Join geometries that satisfy the new postulate are called exchange join geometries or exchange geometries. It is in an exchange join geometry, rather than an arbitrary join geometry, that incidence relations among linear spaces can be satisfactorily studied. Under consideration will be the complex of relations suggested by familiar propositions of elementary geometry, such as, three noncollinear points belong to a unique plane or, in 3-space if two distinct planes meet their intersection is a line. The concept of dimension (or rank), which indicates the relative complexity of linear spaces and organizes them into a hierarchy, takes on a central position in the development. A key result involving it, The Dimension Principle (Theorem 11.12), generalizes familiar properties of lines and planes in Euclidean geometry. Finally various notions of linear dependence are shown to be equivalent and the concepts of rank and height of a linear space are identified.
Gander: Personalizing Search of the Here and Now

In Personalized Networked Spaces (PNets), people and devices are integrated with the environment and demand fluid interactions to enable connectivity to information, services, and people. PNet applications exhibit significant spatiotemporal demands in which connectivity to resources and information is personalized and focused on the here and now. We introduce Gander, a personalized search engine for the here and now. We examine how search expectations are affected when users and applications interact directly with the physical environment. We define a formal conceptual model of search in PNets that provides a clear definition of the framework and ultimately enables reasoning about relationships between search processing and the relevance of results. We assess our model by evaluating sophisticated Gander queries in a simulated PNet.
Cross-cultural evolutionary psychology

Perhaps no field of psychology is more strongly motivated and better equipped than evolutionary psychology to respond to the recent call for psychologists to expand their empirical base beyond WEIRD (Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic) samples. Evolutionary psychologists have historically focused their efforts on identifying species-specific psychological traits, for which evidence often hinged on the extent to which traits were generalizable across human groups. Now, a new generation of researchers is embracing cultural and environmental variation to test evolutionary hypotheses. Here we discuss how comparative research with diverse societies, while challenging, can help inform the complex nature of our species’ psychology and in doing so, we outline best theoretical and methodological practices as well as common pitfalls in cross-cultural investigations. We end with a recommendation for the use of publicly available databases for cataloging psychological variation across the world's many diverse populations. Because of rapid culture change and globalization, it is more important now than ever to document what we know about the world's cultures in ways that can be used by future researchers.
Full Faith and Credit for Status Records: A Reconsideration of Gardiner

The Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States Constitution1 (the "Clause") has received a good deal of attention in recent years. While the brunt of public, media, and academic attention has focused on the role of the Full Faith and Credit Clause as it applies to the interstate recognition of same sex marriages,2 the fundamental question of how much deference must be accorded to records remains largely unaddressed. The Clause requires recognition "in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State."3 It is well established that the U.S. Supreme Court interprets the term "judicial proceedings" to mean either final judgments or quasi-judgments, which are the judgments delivered by quasi-judicial bodies.4 Judgments receive the fullest faith and credit?so called "ironclad" faith and credit.5 It is similarly well established that the Court