cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Philosophy of voltage-gated proton channels

In this review, voltage-gated proton channels are considered from a mainly teleological perspective. Why do proton channels exist? What good are they? Why did they go to such lengths to develop several unique hallmark properties such as extreme selectivity and ΔpH-dependent gating? Why is their current so minuscule? How do they manage to be so selective? What is the basis for our belief that they conduct H+ and not OH–? Why do they exist in many species as dimers when the monomeric form seems to work quite well? It is hoped that pondering these questions will provide an introduction to these channels and a way to logically organize their peculiar properties as well as to understand how they are able to carry out some of their better-established biological functions.
Bispectral analysis of the electroencephalogram: a review of its development and use in anesthesia

Abstract Objective To evaluate the different methodologies used to monitor anesthetic depth and to review the principles and potential applications of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring in veterinary anesthesia. Databases used Medline (1966 to present); Pubmed (mid-1960s to present); personal files. Conclusions Current anesthetic monitoring techniques rely on indirect measures of corticocerebral arousal after a noxious stimulus. Some anesthetics and pre-anesthetics suppress responses that are used to gauge adequate hypnosis and analgesia. The BIS is a direct measure of corticocerebral activation and is inversely related to the degree of hypnosis. Dynamic changes in the BIS after a noxious stimulus may signify early nociceptive activation of the cerebral cortex and may be a useful marker of inadequate analgesia. However, application of this technique during the use of various drug combinations (i.e. clinical anesthesia) will require further research and understanding.
Deterrence coding by a larval Manduca chemosensory neurone mediating rejection of a non‐host plant, Canna generalis L.

. The physiological basis of phagodeterrence was studied electrophy-siologically and behaviourally in the phytophagous caterpillars Manduca sexta and Manduca quinquemaculata. The model unacceptable non-host plant was the canna lily, Canna generalis. A strongly deterrent extract was obtained from fresh leaves of canna by extraction with hot ethanol or ethyl acetate in a blender. Behavioural rejection of these extracts was similar to that of fresh leaves, although less intense. In contrast, blender extracts using other solvents, as well as leaf surface rinses, were phagostimulant or neutral. Chromatographic fractionation of the deterrent ethanolic extract showed the active principles to be moderately polar and separable into two fractions. Previous ablation experiments had shown that the medial maxillary styloconica and epipharyngeal sensilla are the two most important chemosensory organs in mediating behavioural rejection of canna leaves; if only one of these organs is spared, the animal completely rejects canna. We investigated the neural responses of the medial styloconica and their contribution to the sensory coding responsible for this phagodeterrence. The active fractions of the deterrent ethanolic extract elicited a vigorous response from one chemosensory neurone in the medial styloconica. This neurone is distinguishable from others in the medial styloconica by its unique temporal response parameters and the characteristic shape changes of its action potentials. The response frequency of this neurone correlates with the degree of phagodeterrence in a dose-dependent manner. Threshold deterrence occurs at a concentration of extract (1%) that elicits firing in this neurone at a rate of c. 50 spikes/s peak instantaneous frequency and 30 total spikes in the first Is. We conclude that this is a ’deterrent neurone’ in the sense that vigorous response from this neurone is a sufficient sensory code for behavioural rejection of canna. Thus input from a single sensory neurone is capable of blocking feeding, since only one (unilateral) medial styloconicum is needed to mediate this rejection.
Analysis of forces on tillage tools

The principles of vector analysis are applied to soil forces on tillage tools. The mathematical analysis shows that the five systems for reporting data are equipollent, but four of these do not locate the correct line of action of the resultant soil force. The analysis demonstrates that soil forces generally cannot be reduced to a single force, but they can always be reduced to a single force and a couple. When the forces are reduced to a wrench, the true line of action of the resultant force is determined. A method for reducing forces to a wrench is presented and the method is applied in a general way to the design of tillage implements.
Obesity Has Minimal Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Purpose Childhood obesity is an increasing problem in affluent societies throughout the world. We sought to identify the impact of obesity on the outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and determine differences (if any) between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Methods The 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database was explored for all children (≤20years) admitted with IBD. ICD-9 codes were used to identify obesity and complications, including hemorrhage, perforation, and complex fistulas. Logistic regression analysis accounting for demographics, underlying disease, surgical procedures, and obesity was performed to identify factors associated with complication development. Data are expressed as odds ratios (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value of 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results From 12,465 admissions, 164 children were obese (1.3%), with no difference between CD and UC (1.3% vs. 1.4%; P=0.60). Girls had a two-fold increase in obesity (OR: 2.06, CI: 1.48–2.86; P Conclusions Obesity was more prevalent in girls with IBD. While obesity did not alter disease severity, rate of surgical intervention, or hospital length of stay, it was associated with higher CVC infections.
Successful heterotopic heart transplantation in rat

Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats has become a substantial tool for numerous investigations. This report describes a surgical technique of infrarenal heterotopic heart transplantation with a prodigious surgical success rate which was developed over many years of practice. Difficulties arising from anatomic variations are depicted and alternative approaches are discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Yeast telomerase is capable of limited repeat addition processivity

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase responsible for the maintenance of one strand of telomere terminal repeats. Telomerase-mediated sequence addition is dictated by a short ‘template’ region of the RNA component. Despite the short template segment, telomerases from many organisms have been shown to mediate the synthesis of long extension products. This synthesis presumably depends on two types of translocation events: simultaneous translocation of the RNA–DNA duplex relative to the active site after each nucleotide incorporation (type I or nucleotide addition processivity), and translocation of the RNA relative to the DNA product after each round of repeat synthesis (type II or repeat addition processivity). In contrast, telomerases from yeasts have been shown to synthesize mostly short products, implying a defect in one or both types of translocation. In this report, we analyzed the processivity of yeast telomerase in vitro, and identified two position-specific elongation barriers within the 5′ region of the RNA template that can account for the synthesis of incomplete first round products. These barriers respond differently to variations in nucleotide concentration, primer sequence and mutations in the catalytic protein subunit, consistent with their having distinct mechanistic bases. In addition, by using optimal primers and high concentrations of dGTP, we were able to detect significant type II translocation by the yeast enzyme. Thus, the difference between the elongation property of yeast and other telomerases appears to be quantitative rather than qualitative. Our results suggest that yeast may be a useful system for investigating the physiologic significance of repeat addition processivity.
Ecological-Evolutionary Theory: Principles and Applications

Ecological-Evolutionary Theory: Principles and Applications. Gerhard Lenski. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers, 2005. 251 pp.
Adaptive Anisotropic Parameter Estimation in the Weak Membrane Model

The weak membrane model uses Markov Random Fields within the Bayesian inference framework for image reconstruction and segmentation problems. Recently, the model has been extended for the 4D Gabor feature vector space and was applied to texture segmentation. A limitation of this technique is that the parameters in the model have to be adjusted for each different input image and they are fixed throughout the image. This paper proposes a technique to alleviate this limitation by estimating the parameters using local feature statistics. The technique has the following desirable properties: 1) the whole segmentation process is done in an unsupervised fashion, 2) robustness to noise and contrast variation, and 3) increased connectivity of boundaries.
What happens after enrollment? An analysis of the time path of racial differences in GPA and major choice

At the private university we analyze, the gap between white and black grade point averages falls by half between the students' freshmen and senior year. This outcome could suggest that affirmative action policies are playing a key role to reduce racial differences. However, this convergence masks two effects. First, the variance of grades given falls across time. Hence, shrinkage in the level of the gap may not imply shrinkage in the class rank gap. Second, grading standards differ across courses in different majors. We show that controlling for these two features virtually eliminates any convergence of black/white grades. In fact, black/white gpa convergence is symptomatic of dramatic shifts by blacks from initial interest in the natural sciences, engineering, and economics to majors in the humanities and social sciences. We show that natural science, engineering, and economics courses are more difficult, associated with higher study times, and have harsher grading standards; all of which translate into students with weaker academic backgrounds being less likely to choose these majors. Indeed, we show that accounting for academic background can fully account for average differences in switching behavior between blacks and whites.
An Analysis of the Impact of a Split-Front Rainband on Appalachian Cold-Air Damming

Abstract Appalachian cold-air damming (CAD) is characterized by the development of a cool, stable air mass that is advected southwestward along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains by low-level ageostrophic flow. Operational forecasters have identified the demise of CAD as a major forecasting challenge, in part because numerical weather prediction models have a tendency to erode the cold air too quickly. Previous studies have considered the role of clouds and precipitation in the initiation and maintenance of CAD; generally, precipitation is thought to reinforce CAD due to the cooling and stabilization resulting from evaporation. Here, the impact of precipitation on CAD during a situation where the lower-tropospheric air mass was near saturation prior to the arrival of precipitation is considered. Previous studies have indicated that the passage of a cold front can bring about CAD demise, as the synoptic-scale flow becomes northwesterly behind the front and low-level stable air is scoured. Addi...
Infants Time Their Smiles to Make Their Moms Smile

One of the earliest forms of interaction between mothers and infants is smiling games. While the temporal dynamics of these games have been extensively studied, they are still not well understood. Why do mothers and infants time their smiles the way they do? To answer this question we applied methods from control theory, an approach frequently used in robotics, to analyze and synthesize goal-oriented behavior. The results of our analysis show that by the time infants reach 4 months of age both mothers and infants time their smiles in a purposeful, goal-oriented manner. In our study, mothers consistently attempted to maximize the time spent in mutual smiling, while infants tried to maximize mother-only smile time. To validate this finding, we ported the smile timing strategy used by infants to a sophisticated child-like robot that automatically perceived and produced smiles while interacting with adults. As predicted, this strategy proved successful at maximizing adult-only smile time. The results indicate that by 4 months of age infants interact with their mothers in a goal-oriented manner, utilizing a sophisticated understanding of timing in social interactions. Our work suggests that control theory is a promising technique for both analyzing complex interactive behavior and providing new insights into the development of social communication.
Inside Agency Statutory Interpretation: Survey Appendix

This appendix reproduces a 195-question survey of federal agency rule drafters that covers a variety of topics related to agency rule-drafting and statutory interpretation. The survey is modeled on the path-breaking empirical work Lisa Bressman and Abbe Gluck have conducted on congressional drafting, though it differs in substantial respects. The author administered the survey over a five-month period in 2013 at seven executive departments (Agriculture, Commerce, Energy, Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, and Transportation) and two independent agencies (Federal Communications Commission and Federal Reserve). Of the 411 officials sent the survey, 128 responded for a 31% response rate. The findings from this survey will be reported in a series of papers, starting with Chevron Inside the Regulatory State: An Empirical Assessment, 83 Fordham L. Rev. 703 (2014) (invited contribution to Chevron at 30 symposium), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2483760, and Inside Agency Interpretation, 67 Stan. L. Rev. 999 (2015), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2501716.
Derivation of the Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model

This note derives the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. It covers the basic assumptions necessary to derive the equation. In addition, it presents the arbitrage conditions used by Black and Scholes in simple terms. The basic stochastic differential equation is derived, and the boundary conditions are specified for the valuation of a European call option.
High-fidelity simulations of bubble, droplet and spray formation in breaking waves

High-fidelity simulations of wave breaking processes are performed with a focus on the small-scale structures of breaking waves, such as bubble/droplet size distributions. Very large grids (up to 12 billion grid points) are used in order to resolve the bubbles/droplets in breaking waves at the scale of hundreds of micrometres. Wave breaking processes and spanwise three-dimensional interface structures are identified. It is speculated that the Gortler type centrifugal instability is likely more relevant to the plunging wave breaking instabilities. Detailed air entrainment and spray formation processes are shown. The bubble size distribution shows power-law scaling with two different slopes which are separated by the Hinze scale. The droplet size distribution also shows power-law scaling. The computational results compare well with the available experimental and computational data in the literature. Computational difficulties and challenges for large grid simulations are addressed.
Frontiers of jealousy research

Considered together, the articles in this issue reveal the complexity of jealousy and warn us against reducing jealousy to “nothing but” proof of love (as was fashionable as recently as the early 1960s) or to “nothing but” insecurity or low self-esteem (as is currently fashionable). If jealousy is the way we protect valued relationships in the face of perceived threats, we should expect jealousy to be as complex as everything we know—everything we have learned—about (a) what constitutes a valued relationship, (b) what constitutes a threat to such a relationship, and (c) what one ought to do to protect a threatened relationship.
An investigation of the nontuberculous mycobacteria in drinking water distribution systems in Shanghai

Objective To survey the distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria in drinking water distribution systems in Shanghai.Methods Samples of tap water,source water,and treated water from water corporations were collected.The bacteria were collected through filtrating and culturing on Lwenstein-Jensen medium.The nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified by sequencing 16S rRNA.Results The positive rates of nontuberculous mycobacteria in source water,treated water,and tap water were 60%,25%,and 10.3%,respectively.Mycobacterium gordonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum were identified,of which Mycobacterium gordonae was the most frequently identified species.Conclusion Nontuberculous mycobacteria are widely distributed in drinking water distribution systems in Shanghai.Thus,effective control measures should be taken to protect the health of the people.
The third-level agenda-setting study: an examination of media, implicit, and explicit public agendas in China

ABSTRACTThrough two separate studies in the context of Hong Kong, a Chinese society, this research tests the third-level agenda-setting effects and examines the differences between the explicit and implicit public agendas based on the attributes consciously and unconsciously reported by the public. A total of 1667 news reports and 680 responses to a public survey are collected for analysis. Evidence from both studies shows strong attribute agenda-setting effects at the third level, no matter the focus of the issue is obtrusive or unobtrusive. Results also demonstrate that the media agenda is positively associated at a higher level with the implicit public agenda than the explicit one. Findings well extend the network agenda-setting research.
Slit Ventricle Syndrome and Headache

The management of slit ventricle syndrome and shunt-related headache is reviewed by researchers at the Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.
Burning the truck and holding the country: Pintupi forms of property and identity

Reprint of Myers, Fred. 1990. "Burning the truck and holding the country: Pintupi forms of property and identity." In We are here: Politics of Aborignal land tenure , edited by Edwin N. Wilmsen, 15–42. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Medial temporal lobe subregional morphometry using high resolution MRI in Alzheimer's disease.

Autopsy studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have found that neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) demonstrates selective topography with relatively stereotyped subregional involvement at early disease stages, prompting interest in more granular measurement of these structures with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. We applied a novel, automated method for measurement of hippocampal subfields and extrahippocampal MTL cortical regions. The cohort included cognitively normal (CN) adults (n = 86), early mild cognitive impairment (n = 43), late MCI (n = 22), and mild AD (n = 40) patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). For pseudolongitudinal analysis of the continuum from preclinical to mild AD dementia, the groups were further divided according to amyloid status based on positron emission tomography. Specific subregions associated with the early NFT pathology of AD were more sensitive to preclinical and early prodromal AD than whole hippocampal volume while more diffuse involvement was found in later stages. In particular, BA35, the first region associated with NFT deposition, was the only region to discriminate preclinical AD from amyloid negative cognitively normal adults ("normal aging"). In general, patterns of atrophy in the pseudolongitudinal analysis largely recapitulated Braak staging of NFTs within the MTL.
Evaluation of the microsoft kinect skeletal versus depth data analysis for timed-up and go and figure of 8 walk tests

We compared the performance of the Kinect skeletal data with the Kinect depth data in capturing different gait parameters during the Timed-up and Go Test (TUG) and Figure of 8 Walk Test (F8W). The gait parameters considered were stride length, stride time, and walking speed for the TUG, and number of steps and completion time for the F8W. A marker-based Vicon motion capture system was used for the ground-truth measurements. Five healthy participants were recruited for the experiment and were asked to perform three trials of each task. Results show that depth data analysis yields stride length and stride time measures with significantly low percentile errors as compared to the skeletal data analysis. However, the skeletal and depth data performed similar with less than 3% of absolute mean percentile error in determining the walking speed for the TUG and both parameters of F8W. The results show potential capabilities of Kinect depth data analysis in computing many gait parameters, whereas, the Kinect skeletal data can also be used for walking speed in TUG and F8W gait parameters.
A Comparison of Interside Asymmetries of Lower Extremity Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Patients with Unilateral Lumbosacral Radiculopathy

Study design Prospective cohort study. Purpose This study was to investigate interside asymmetries of three lower extremity somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in anesthetized patients with unilateral lumbosacral radiculopathy. Overview of literature Although interside asymmetry is an established criterion of abnormal SSEP, little is known which of the lower SSEPs is more sensitive in detecting interside asymmetry in anesthetized patients. Methods Superficial peroneal nerve SSEP (SPN-SSEP), posterior tibial nerve SSEP (PTN-SSEP), and sural nerve SSEP were obtained in 31 lumbosacral surgery patients with unilateral lumbosacral radiculopathy, and compared with a group of 22 control subjects. Results The lumbosacral group showed significant larger interside asymmetry ratios of P37 latencies in SPN-SSEP and PTN-SSEP, and significant larger interside asymmetry ratio of P37-N45 amplitude in SPN-SSEP, when comparing with the control group. Within the lumbosacral group but not the control group, SPN-SSEP displayed significant larger interside asymmetry ratio in P37 latency. When referencing to the control group, more patients in the lumbosacral group displayed abnormal interside SPN-SSEP latency asymmetries which corroborated the symptom laterality. Conclusions The data suggested that SPN-SSEP was more sensitive in detecting interside latency asymmetry in anesthetized patients.
Azathioprine combined with prednisolone was more effective than prednisolone alone for active Crohn disease

Source Citation Ewe K, Press AG, Singe CC, et al. Azathioprine combined with prednisolone or monotherapy with prednisolone in active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 1993 Aug;105:367-72.
Closing the Acculturation Gap: A Solution-Focused Approach With East Asian American Families

As the minority population of the United States grows rapidly, there is an increased need for culturally attentive counseling. East Asian Americans are a particularly large group among U.S. minorities, and their culture is distinct from those of other Asian groups. Their values are rooted in Confucian values and teachings, including the importance of respect, family, emotional restraint, saving face, and others. When these families immigrate to the United States, they face the process of acculturation, which affects members of the family differently, according to generation. East Asian Americans often present in counseling with acculturation-related conflicts between parents and children. Family counselors can use a Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) approach for family counseling to provide a problem-solving orientation to suit these clients. The theory is adaptable to fit clients’ worldviews, and its application can be used in a family-focused way that aligns well with this collectivist culture’s way...
DepartmentsBook ReviewBette Lynch Husted, Above the Clearwater: Living on Stolen Land, Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon (2004), p. 176, US$18.95 paper. ISBN 0-87071-0097

Book Review: Above the Clearwater: Living on Stolen Land, Bette Lynch Husted. Oregon State University Press (2004).
Stromal Clusterin Expression Predicts Therapeutic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Abstract Background Expression of clusterin correlates with tumor progression and therapeutic response in several human malignancies, including breast cancer. However, its predictive value in the neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer remains unexplored. The objective of this explorative study was to determine whether clusterin expression in breast cancer correlated with clinical pathologic characteristics and whether its expression was predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and Methods We determined the clusterin expression pattern in 72 triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) treated with NAC before surgery. Clusterin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and was correlated with pathologic characteristics and response to NAC using residual cancer burden score. Results Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a differential pattern of expression between tumor and stroma. Clusterin expression in the tumor associated stroma as opposed to expression by the neoplastic epithelium was significantly associated with neoadjuvant-treated TNBC. Low stromal clusterin, low stromal content, and high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of achieving a good pathologic response as reflected by lower residual cancer burden scores (P = .002, P = .003, and P = .001, respectively). Tumor and/or stromal clusterin expression were not associated with patient age, tumor histologic grade, stage, and lymph node status. Conculsion This study suggests a potential role for the assessment of stromal clusterin as a predictive biomarker for response of TNBC to neoadjuvant therapy. Further validation of this biomarker in a large study is needed.
Effects of Revenue Management Pricing Strategies on Perceived Fairness

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the potential effects of three revenue management pricing strategies (best rate guarantee, rate (dis)parity, and rate frame) on customers’ perceived fairness. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial between-subjects experimental design was used. Eight scenario-based surveys were employed to evaluate how potential hotel guests react to three different revenue management strategies. The outcome of this study offers a set of guidelines for hoteliers to follow in terms of revenue management pricing strategies across multiple distribution channels, while providing revenue managers with empirically supported suggestions to increase hotel revenue.
A Composite Bolted Joints Non-Linear Stiffness Model and its Application

The paper presents a nonlinear stiffness model on the bearing damage and bolt-load distribution rule of composite bolted joints. Based on the experimental stress-strain curves of composite single-bolted joints, the bearing damage process of structures can be divided into:linear non-damage stage; nonlinear damage propagation stage and linear degeneration stage. In this paper, the composite bolted joints are represented by a system of springs in which the static friction effects between laminates are considered in the linear stage, the non-linear interlaminate shear behavior and the nonlinear damage function for composite are defined and failure behavior based on the energy abortion principle is simulated in the linear degeneration stage. At last, the multi-fasters spring model is analyzed by importing the single-faster spring model.Comparing with the experimental data of multi-fasters shows the numerical result is in good agreement with experimental curves and has little error on the bolt-load distribution, which satisfies to the requirements in the engineering.
A Framework for Building Integrative Scenarios of Autonomous Vehicle Technology Application and Impacts, using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM)

Currently, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology is considered a potentially life-changing new technology that brings science fiction to life and can fundamentally impact how and where people live and work. As is the case with any new technology, it is unknown how the future will unfold. Instead, ideas about the future can be captured through scenario planning and used to develop a range of plausible, alternative futures (or scenarios). These scenarios can be used for strategic decision-making in technology and urban planning, transportation and business. Because policy makers, technology developers, and end-users all need to make assumptions about future AV technology, there is a growing number of research on possible future developments, that each represent the unique perspective of the different stakeholder groups. However, an integration of these pieces of the puzzle into a holistic view of alternatives futures (i.e. scenarios) is still lacking. We propose a framework for scenario planning that leverages the insights from existing work on AV technology, and integrates the many perspective with the system-modeling technique of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM). We apply the framework in a case study. The work thus introduces a new approach to tackling the challenging problem of scenario planning for emerging technologies with many impacts. It also provides a review of the current status of AV technology.
LL-09 Childhood arthritis and rheumatology research alliance/lupus foundation of america childhood onset systemic lupus erythematosus research prioritization survey

Background Compared to adult-onset SLE, childhood onset SLE (cSLE) tends to present with more severe disease and more widespread organ involvement. Additionally, cSLE associated with higher mortality and damage accrual. However, despite the severity of the disease few commonly used SLE medications have been rigorously studied in children, and important knowledge gaps remain concerning the epidemiology, natural history, pathophysiology, genetics and optimal treatment of cSLE. In order to identify high priority areas for future research in cSLE, the Lupus Foundation of America (LFA) and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) partnered to perform and cSLE research prioritization survey. Methods Using information from the 2013 CARRA Lupus Group Research Prioritization Exercise and the most recent LFA Parent and Caregiver Survey, we identified areas of clinical and research need in cSLE. A work group was assembled to develop and refine survey questions which ask clinicians and researchers to rank research topics that are most urgent advance patient outcomes. The survey was programmed using Qualtrics software. The survey was beta tested by a separate group of clinicians and researchers. The proposed survey administration was deemed not to be human subjects research by the University of Utah and Nationwide Children’s Institutional Review Boards. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze survey responses. Results The survey will be administered to members of CARRA and also to collaborators in the inflammatory skin disease interest group of the Pediatric Dermatology Research Association (PeDRA) and the glomerulonephritis interest group of the Midwestern Pediatric Nephrology Consortium (MWPNC). Together, these organizations include over 800 clinicians and researchers. Conclusions The results of the CARRA/LFA Research Prioritization Survey will be used to guide funding programs for cSLE within the Lupus Foundation of America, to share with potential donors, and to use in advocacy efforts promoting state and federal funding for cSLE. Acknowledgements This study is supported by funding the Lupus Foundation of America and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance.
Teachers’ Beliefs Regarding Subtypes of Socially Withdrawn and Aggressive Behaviors on the Playground Across the Early School Years

Research Findings: The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ beliefs about and responses to children’s withdrawn behaviors (reticence and solitary-passive behavior) and aggressive behavior...
A Performance Study of Geo-Distributed IoT Data Aggregation for Fog Computing

We investigate MapReduce-based data aggregation for Internet-of-Things data in a multi-tier, geo-distributed datacenter architecture. Specifically, we consider 1) end-to-end hierarchical data aggregation and 2) query response for aggregated data requests made by geo-distributed clients. We first develop a realistic performance model based on previous empirical studies. We then study application performance for various deployment architectures, ranging from a purely cloud-based approach to a geo-distributed architecture that combines cloud, fog, and edge resources. From simulations created based on U.S. Census data, we characterize the trade-off between end-to-end data aggregation time and query response time. Our experiments show that for data aggregation, a purely-cloud based deployment is 53% faster than a deployment with edge resources; however, for query response, the edge approach is 46% faster due to the edge resource proximity to query clients.
Stress and Mental Health

Concern over large numbers of psychological casualties among military personnel returning from Afghanistan and Iraq during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom has led to renewed impetus to identify those at risk for serious mental health problems. The Department of Defense Surveys of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel (HRB surveys) provide the first population-based mental health data on active duty military personnel in all service branches worldwide. Since 1988, the HRB survey series has contained a set of questions related to the stress and mental health of active duty personnel. This chapter presents findings related to the issues of mental health, exposure to challenges eliciting stress, coping strategies, and help-seeking. Trends, prevalence rates, and a wide range of risk and protective factors are examined for multiple screening measures, including work and family stress, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal ideation, and receipt of mental health counseling.
Do Sociology Courses Make More Empathetic Students? A Mixed-Methods Study of Empathy Change in Undergraduates:

Assessing course goals is often challenging; assessing an abstract goal, like empathy, can be especially so. For many instructors, empathy is central to sociological thinking. As such, fostering em...
Radiogenomic-Based Survival Risk Stratification of Tumor Habitat on Gd-T1w MRI Is Associated with Biological Processes in Glioblastoma

Purpose: To (i) create a survival risk score using radiomic features from the tumor habitat on routine MRI to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in glioblastoma and (ii) obtain a biological basis for these prognostic radiomic features, by studying their radiogenomic associations with molecular signaling pathways. Experimental Design: Two hundred three patients with pretreatment Gd-T1w, T2w, T2w-FLAIR MRI were obtained from 3 cohorts: The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA; n = 130), Ivy GAP (n = 32), and Cleveland Clinic (n = 41). Gene-expression profiles of corresponding patients were obtained for TCIA cohort. For every study, following expert segmentation of tumor subcompartments (necrotic core, enhancing tumor, peritumoral edema), 936 3D radiomic features were extracted from each subcompartment across all MRI protocols. Using Cox regression model, radiomic risk score (RRS) was developed for every protocol to predict PFS on the training cohort (n = 130) and evaluated on the holdout cohort (n = 73). Further, Gene Ontology and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis were used to identify specific molecular signaling pathway networks associated with RRS features. Results: Twenty-five radiomic features from the tumor habitat yielded the RRS. A combination of RRS with clinical (age and gender) and molecular features (MGMT and IDH status) resulted in a concordance index of 0.81 (P Conclusions: Our findings suggest that prognostic radiomic features from routine Gd-T1w MRI may also be significantly associated with key biological processes that affect response to chemotherapy in GBM.
A Topical Botanical Therapy for the Treatment of Canine Papilloma Virus Associated Oral Warts: A Case Series

Abstract Background Oral and cutaneous warts are the most frequent manifestation of papillomavirus disease in dogs. These warts typically have a cauliflower-like structure forming around the mouth, eyes, or other mucosal membranes. Treatments are limited, but when left untreated, these warts will commonly resolve within 3–12 months. Case presentation This case series demonstrates the successful use of a topical botanical formulation leading to resolution of canine papilloma virus (CPV) warts in approximately 9 days. The four botanicals utilized included Sarracenia purpurea, Melissa officinalis, Hypericum perforatum, and Glycyrrhiza glabra. Conclusions These botanicals may offer a less invasive, effective, and safe alternative in the treatment of CPV.
Voting Experiences, Perceptions of Fraud, and Voter Confidence

Assuring voter confidence is important for the legitimacy of democratic elections. In this paper we take advantage of a large online survey of registered voters in a single election jurisdiction, Orange County (CA), that was implemented immediately after the November 2018 midterm elections, to test four hypotheses about the correlates of voter confidence. Voters who cast mail ballots are less confident about their own votes being counted correctly than in-person voters. For both types of voters, those who have poor experiences with the voting process are much less likely to report confidence in the election. Also voters who have strong concerns about election fraud are less likely to report being confident in the election. Our last result indicates that information from news and social media is associated with a decline in voter confidence in election administration at the national level.
Comparative research on teachers and teacher education: global perspectives to inform UNESCO’s SDG 4 agenda

Increasing the supply of qualified teachers is a priority in many nations as a prerequisite to accomplishing UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) to ensure inclusive and equitable qualit...
An integrated Empirical Mode Decomposition and Butterworth filter based vehicle trajectory reconstruction method

Abstract Trajectory data serving as an essential data-source, has been widely applied in traffic flow analysis, traffic prediction and transportation management. In real situations, trajectory data is often corrupted with noises, which may introduce estimation bias and control inefficiency to intelligent transportation systems. This paper presents a novel trajectory reconstruction method which is generic for both highway and urban arterial trajectories. The reconstruction method establishes an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) based Butterworth low-pass filter framework to filter the noises and simultaneously maintain physical integrity. The two-stage framework firstly applies the EMD to decompose the original trajectories into components, multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), to find out the main components of different temporal-frequency characteristics. Based on that, an optimal Butterworth-filter is applied on the lower order IMFs to filter the acceleration of an unexpected high-frequency range. To test the effectiveness of our proposed method, multiple resource data-sets are applied. As results indicated that our proposed reconstruction method performs well in terms of physical trajectories integrity, high-frequency noise removal, and measurement error rejection with minimum signal distortion. Further, our method efficiently produces speed and acceleration with higher quality compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Improving the identification of acute kidney injury in the neonatal ICU: three centers' experiences.

OBJECTIVE To describe three different standardized approaches to improving neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) identification and the impact on AKI identification, incidence, and nephrology consultation and referral. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study in three academic NICUs. We compared AKI identification, AKI incidence, nephrology consultation, and nephrology follow-up before and after implantation of local protocols to standardize neonatal AKI identification. RESULT Neonatal AKI identification improved in all three NICUs following protocol implementation (26-85%, P < 0.0001). Each center also saw increases in nephrology consultation (15-83%, P < 0.0001) and nephrology follow-up (7-73%, P < 0.0001). AKI incidence decreased significantly (21-12%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Multiple strategies can be successfully operationalized to improve neonatal AKI identification. While different in approach, each strategy resulted in increased AKI identification and nephrology involvement. This study emphasizes the importance of local standardized approaches to AKI to improve AKI identification and nephrology involvement in the NICU.
Screening Tests for CKD Detection

When chronic kidney disease is discovered, the degree of kidney dysfunction and rapidity of progression is to be assessed, and the underlying disorder is to be diagnosed. Important useful information is obtained initially from the estimation of glomerular filtration rate and examination of urine sediment and the presence or absence of proteinuria and/or hematuria. Renal imaging and, if needed, a renal biopsy are obtained to ascertain diagnosis and treatment. We further outline these test modalities.
WE‐D‐201‐00: Software Libraries for Your Research Projects ‐ Don't Start From Scratch!

This session is intended for researchers who need customized software tools to analyze their datasets. Publicly available software tools are designed to facilitate research by implementing many standard algorithms, but choosing one that fits a researcher’s background and project needs is a critical decision for timely and cost-effective research. Indeed while some libraries are easy to use, needing minimal investment to learn their usage, other open-source libraries are very flexible allowing development of customized algorithms but the user has to be proficient in a programing language to use its functionalities. The session will familiarize new researchers with the pros and cons of open source software libraries and applications (CERR, ITK, VTK, RTK, Plastimatch, and 3DSlicer) frequently used in talks presented at AAPM. Each speaker will give an overview of one or more of the libraries, covering its capabilities and learning curve so that listeners can choose a tool that best fits their needs. A panel discussion will be held to answer questions. Learning Objectives: 1. Familiarize the audience with the available software libraries 2. Present the pros and cons of each library in a side-by-side comparison
On the role of heme in the formation of the structure of cytochrome c.

Abstract In order to assess the effect of the covalently bonded heme on the stabilization of the conformation of horse heart cytochrome c, both the heme-free apo-cytochrome c and the iron-free, porphyrin-cytochrome c were prepared. The properties of these derivatives in solution were compared with those of native cytochrome c by the study of their viscosity, circular dichroism, and fluorescence. Porphyrin-cytochrome c appears to have a compact structure similar to native cytochrome c, although it is less stable to heat denaturation. It appears that the coordination of the iron atom of the heme with histidine-18 and methionine-80 results in an increase in the stability of this protein, but is not required for the folding of porphyrin-cytochrome c into a compact conformation. Apo-cytochrome c has the properties of a disordered structure. However, apo-cytochrome c can bind with the disordered heme-containing fragment of residues 1 to 65, prepared by the method of Corradin and Harbury ((1970) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 221, 489), and forms a product with spectral properties closely resembling native cytochrome c in the same manner as does the COOH-terminal fragment of residues 66 to 104 (Corradin, G., and Harbury, H. A. (1971) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 68, 3036). The observations indicate that the presence of the porphyrin ring covalently bonded with cysteines 14 and 17 is essential for cytochrome c to exist in the stable native conformation.
Extreme hypertrophy of the left atrial appendage: The case of the giant dog ear∗

Abstract 1. 1. We have described the case of a fortyseven year old male patient with a huge left atrial appendage herniated through a pericardial defect. This mass was 11 cm. long and was, very probably, the site of an electrical signal. Electrocardiographic evidence of this was best demonstrated by P wave and P-R interval alterations in leads III, aVL and aVF. 2. 2. Following surgical excision, the peculiarities seen in the preoperative electrocardiogram disappeared. 3. 3. This is the first reported instance of such an abnormality which was visualized by angiocardiography and corrected by resection.
Soluble and Particulate Hexokinase of Frog Skeletal Muscle

Abstract Both particulate and soluble hexokinases from frog skeletal muscle were prepared by differential centrifugation and their distribution, properties, and kinetics were investigated. Approximately 50% of the hexokinase activity was in the soluble and 50% in the particulate form. Further fractionation of the particulate form yielded a sarcoplasmic vesicle fraction free of mitochondria. This comprised at least one-half of the complete particulate fraction and had a specific activity 4.5 times that of the soluble enzyme. Significant differences were noted between the interaction of the particulate and the soluble enzyme with their substrates and regulators: adenosine triphosphate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol 6-phosphate (analogue of glucose 6-phosphate), and orthophosphate. The Km of the particulate enzyme for MgATP, 0.28 mm, is approximately one-fifth of the soluble enzyme. MgATP at concentrations above 2.5 mm was inhibitory for the particulate enzyme. Inhibition by 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-P appeared to be competitive with MgATP for the soluble enzyme, and for the particulate enzyme at concentrations below 2.5 mm. At MgATP concentration above 2.5 mm the particulate enzyme is more sensitive to inhibition by 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-P. The particulate enzyme is more resistant to inhibition by 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-P at MgATP concentration below 2.5 mm, its Ki, 0.08 mm, being 3 times that of the soluble enzyme. Orthophosphate relieved the inhibition by 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-P by raising its Ki value. Orthophosphate alone had no effect on the soluble enzyme but activated the particulate enzyme, particularly at high MgATP concentrations. Anaerobiosis and muscle contraction, conditions which result in the apparent "activation" of hexokinase, had no effect on the distribution and activity of the particulate and soluble enzyme following extraction and isolation. Concentrations of substrates and regulators found in intact frog sartorius during anaerobiosis, and during anaerobiosis plus muscle contraction, were duplicated in the assay system in order to simulate "activation" states. The velocity of the reactions catalyzed by both soluble and particulate hexokinase decreased with increasing simulated "activation" state when compared to maximal control values. During these simulated conditions, the decrease in velocity of the reaction catalyzed by the soluble enzyme was twice as great as the corresponding decrease for the particulate enzyme.