cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-13-04: Efficacy of adjuvant 5-Fluorouracil in residual HER2-negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Background: Patients with residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy have an increased risk of relapse. Recently the CREATE-X trial demonstrated that adjuvant capecitabine (oral prodrug of 59deoxy-5-fluorouridine), prolonged disease-free survival and overall survival among patients with HER2-negative breast cancer who had residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing anthracycline, taxane, or both. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from residual tumors resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Antitumor efficacy of 5-FU was assessed in vivo in three PDXs varying in hormone receptor status (0, 4% and 11% respectively), generated from residual tumors of primary breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing anthracycline, and taxanes. In addition, significance of timing of therapy was also assessed, comparing efficacy of initiating treatment upon implantation (immediate start cohort; mimicking treating residual disease with adjuvant therapy), with initiating treatment upon establishment of PDX (standard start cohort). Results: 5-FU was efficacious in established PDX models that are triple negative (0% ER; p Conclusion: 5-FU has anti-tumor activity in residual HER2-negative PDX models resistant to taxanes, and anthracyclines in the neoadjuvant setting. Citation Format: Owusu-Brackett N, Scott S, Yuca E, Evans KW, Tapia C, Meric-Bernstam F. Efficacy of adjuvant 5-Fluorouracil in residual HER2-negative breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-13-04.
Dark energy and spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking

Dark energy is interpreted as the leftover of mostly canceled vacuum energy due to the spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) at the electroweak phase transition. Based on the newly proposed mirror-matter model (M$^3$), the extended standard model with mirror matter (SM$^3$) is elaborated to provide a consistent foundation for understanding dark energy, dark matter, baryogenesis, and many other puzzles. New insights of Higgs, top quark, and lepton masses are presented under SM$^3$ using staged quark condensation and four-fermion interactions for SMSB. In particular, the nature and mass scales of neutrinos are naturally explained under the new theory. The new cosmology model based on SM$^3$ could potentially resolve more cosmic enigmas. The possible underlying principles for SMSB and SM$^3$ of a maximally interacting, supersymmetric, and mirrored world are also discussed.
Probabilistic Proof that 1+2+⋯+n=n(n+1)2 .

Let X be the sum of two n-sided dice. For k=2,3,…,n+1 , the probability that X = k is (k−1)/n2 because there are k – 1 ways of adding two positive integers to k, namely 1+(k−1),2+(k−2),…,(k−1)+1 . ...
chapter 10 – The temperature regulatory system

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the contributors to the current understanding of physiological regulation and processes of heat exchange. The temperature regulation occurs through physiological and behavioral processes. Behavioral temperature regulation plays its greatest role in coping with cold environments, whereas both physiological and behavioral temperature regulation operate in hot environments, with physiological regulation perhaps playing the dominant role. Exercise induces both physiological and behavioral regulation by altering heat production, blood flow redistribution for convective heat transfer, and sweating. One of the very earliest investigators of body temperature regulation was Charles Blagden (1748-1820) who performed a variety of investigations in heated rooms using thermometry. Blagden described both internal and body surface temperature differences with different types of heat exposure, along with the documentation of the essential function of evaporative cooling, the differential effects of dry and moist heat, as well as the modification of heat exchange that clothing provides. Although early work in thermometry was focused on disease, there were limited reports dealing with exercise. John Davy (1791-1860) was the first one who gave special attention to the temperatures of healthy persons, including the temperature elevation associated with passive exercise. Davy reported that physical activity of any type elevated heart rate and body temperature, and that these elevations were augmented in warm environments.
Environmental health conditions in the transitional stage of forcible displacement: A systematic scoping review

In 2019, 30,000 people were forced to leave their homes due to conflict, persecution, and natural disaster each day. Eighty-five percent of refugees live in developing countries, and they often face underfunded and inadequate environmental health services. Many displaced persons live in camps and other temporary settlements long after the displacement event occurs. However, there is little evidence on environmental health conditions in the transitional phase-defined by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees as six months to two years after displacement. To address this gap in research, we conducted a systematic scoping review of environmental health conditions, exposures, and outcomes in transitional displacement settings, as well as reported obstacles and recommendations for improvement. Eighty-eight publications met the inclusion criteria. Water supply was the most frequently discussed environmental health topic. Overcrowding was the most common risk factor reported, Vibrio cholerae was the most common pathogen reported, and diarrhea was the most commonly reported health outcome. Obstacles and recommendations were categorized as institutional, political or implementation-based. Identified knowledge gaps included minimal information on setting logistics and on topics such as menstrual hygiene, oral hygiene and fomite contamination. In order to improve environmental health conditions in transitional displacement settings, all levels of government and non-governmental organizations should increase collaboration to improve resource provision. This study is the first to report on environmental health conditions in this important time of transition between the emergency and protracted stages of displacement.
Reliability of a grading rubric designed to evaluate the reflective ability of predoctoral dental students.

INTRODUCTION Reflection and self-assessment are critical skills for healthcare providers. Identification of gaps in knowledge, skills and attitudes, along with the ability to critically think and problem solve to fill gaps, is the ultimate outcome for lifelong learning. The aims of this study were to (a) refine an instrument used for measuring reflective ability, and conduct comprehensive reliability testing, and (b) describe a process for rater calibration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Students develop e-portfolios over a four-year span with assignments that require reflection and self-assessment. The final piece of the portfolio includes a global reflection written the last semester of the programme. Three faculty raters independently evaluated 106 dental students' global reflections using the revised grading rubric. An intraclass correlation coefficient measured the level of agreement between the three raters. RESULTS Analysis of the 318 faculty ratings (106/rater) resulted in an intraclass correlation of .708. Based on a 5-point grading scale (0 = does not respond to the assignment to 5 = reconstructing), the ratings of the 106 global reflections ranged from 1.3 to 5.0 (M = 3.1, SD =0.66). DISCUSSION This study provides confidence in the reliability of a grading rubric designed to assess reflective ability, along with suggestions for calibration. An overall mean of 3.1 (Level 3 = relating-includes evidence of lessons learned) illustrates the complexity of teaching reflection and self-assessment. CONCLUSION Use of a reliable grading rubric for assessing reflective writing could assist schools interested in incorporating reflection and self-assessment into the curriculum, ultimately supporting lifelong and enhanced health care.
Evaluating the Effects of I-35W Bridge Collapse on Road-Users in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Region

This study evaluates the effects of I-35W bridge collapse on road-users in the Twin-Cities metropolitan area. We adopted the Twin-Cities (Metropolitan Minneapolis and St. Paul) Seven-County travel demand model developed in previous research, recalibrated it against July 2007 loop detector traffic data, and used this model to carry out an evaluation of economic loss incurred by increased travel delay in alternative scenarios before and after the bridge collapse. We concluded that the failure of the I-35W bridge resulted in an economic loss of $71,000 to $220,000 a day, depending on how exible road-users in the system can adjust their trip destinations in response to the bridge closing. We also estimated that the major traffic restoration projects Mn/DOT has implemented in quick response to the bridge collapse can save road-users $9,500 to $17,500 a day. This translates into a benefit-cost ratio of 2.0-9.0, suggesting these projects are highly beneficiary in an economic sense. In this analysis, the use of a simplified, scaled-down travel demand model enabled us to carry out the analysis quickly and accurately, showing its contributions in transportation planning under situations such as emergency relief and comprehensive design.
The Hyperperception Model: When Your Partner's New Friends Inspire Jealousy and Failing to Use Social Distancing.

The hyperperception model was used to derive hypotheses concerning the processes by which people experience romantic jealousy because of their observation of their romantic partners on social netwo...
Understanding “Dark” Design Roles in Computing Education

In conjunction with the increasing ubiquity of technology, computing educators have identified the need for pedagogical engagement with ethical awareness and moral reasoning. Typical approaches to incorporating ethics in computing curricula have focused primarily on abstract methods, principles, or paradigms of ethical reasoning, with relatively little focus on examining and developing students’ pragmatic awareness of ethics as grounded in their everyday work practices. In this paper, we identify and describe computing students’ negotiation of values as they engage in authentic design problems through a lab protocol study. We collected data from four groups of three students each, with each group including participants from either undergraduate User Experience Design students, Industrial Engineering students, or a mix of both. We used a thematic analysis approach to identify the roles that students took on to address the design prompt. Through our analysis, we found that the students took on a variety of “dark” roles that resulted in manipulation of the user and prioritization of stakeholder needs over user needs, with a focus either on building solutions or building rationale for design decisions. We found these roles to actively propagate through design discourses, impacting other designers in ways that frequently reinforced unethical decision making. Even when students were aware of ethical concerns based on their educational training, this awareness did not consistently result in ethically-sound decisions. These findings indicate the need for additional ethical supports to inform everyday computing practice, including means of actively identifying and balancing negative societal impacts of design decisions. The roles we have identified may productively support the development of pragmatically-focused ethical training in computing education, while adding more precision to future analysis of computing student discourses and outputs.
Therapeutic Deep Brain Stimulation Disrupts Subthalamic Nucleus Activity Dynamics in Parkinsonian Mice

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) relieves many motor symptoms of Parkinson Disease (PD), but its underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Since its advent, three major theories have been proposed: (1) DBS inhibits the STN and basal ganglia output; (2) DBS antidromically activates motor cortex; and (3) DBS disrupts firing dynamics within the STN. Previously, stimulation-related electrical artifacts limited mechanistic investigations using electrophysiology. We used electrical artifact-free calcium imaging to investigate activity in basal ganglia nuclei during STN DBS in parkinsonian mice. To test whether the observed changes in activity were sufficient to relieve motor symptoms, we then combined electrophysiological recording with targeted optical DBS protocols. Our findings suggest that STN DBS exerts its therapeutic effect through the disruption of STN dynamics, rather than inhibition or antidromic activation. These results provide insight into optimizing PD treatments and establish an approach for investigating DBS in other neuropsychiatric conditions.
WikiLeaks and the risks to critical foreign dependencies

During its "Cablegate" campaign, the WikiLeaks website released a U.S. Department of State list of world-wide assets vital to the United States created under the Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI). This paper evaluates the entries in the CFDI list relative to various definitions of critical infrastructure pertaining to homeland security, and past patterns of terrorism attacks on categories within the CFDI as recorded by the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over the past 40 years. It is found that what the United States identifies as critical international infrastructure differs significantly from what is defined as the national critical infrastructure. Moreover, the geospatial distribution of foreign infrastructure identified as critical by the United States differs substantially from the past patterns of terrorist attacks on similar entities. Finally, examining the GTD for the years subsequent to the WikiLeaks release reveals that there is little evidence to substantiate that WikiLeaks provided a "to-do" list for terrorists intending to attack critical infrastructure assets as was claimed by some U.S. government officials.
Neurobiology: Inversion in the worm.

Combinations of spatially and temporally restricted transcription factors are shown to coordinate movement in nematode worms by controlling the formation of synaptic connections to and from motor neurons. See Letter p.83 It is important for neuronal synapses to be formed at the right time and in the right place during embryonic development. This is exemplified by the by the DD and VD motor neurons of the round worm Caenorhabditis elegans, where DD neurons undergo dorso-ventral rewiring at the first larval stage and VD motor neurons maintain an unchanged innervation pattern differing from that of the DD motor neurons. Here Oliver Hobert and colleagues identify three gene-regulatory factors (UNC-30, LIN-14 and UNC-55 DNA-binding proteins) and their target (OIG-1, a previously unknown extracellular 'synaptic organizer' protein), as controlling the proper wiring and rewiring of DD and VD neurons. The work reveals an 'intersectional' strategy, whereby UNC-30 works with temporally — but not spatially — controlled LIN-14 in DD neurons, and with spatially — but not temporally — controlled UNC-55 in VD neurons.
EDUCATION: A POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM FOR THE LONGITUDINAL HEALTH SUPERVISION OF INFANTS

CONTINUITY of medical care and health supervision is receiving increased emphasis in both undergraduate and graduate medical education. Clinical training in pediatric health supervision has generally been inferior to experience in the care of illness. Although it has been assumed that adequate skill in the care of well children could be developed after completion of formal training, this supposition may be questioned in view of the dissatisfaction expressed by many practitioners with their preparation for this aspect of child care. Pediatric house officers have generally taken for granted that they would be provided adequate experience in the diseases of childhood. They are beginning to expect similar preparation for health supervision.
Automated generation of image products for Mars Exploration Rover mission tactical operations

During the period of development prior to the January, 2004 landing of the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) project's twin robotic vehicles on Mars, mission operations personnel recognized the need for timely generation and delivery of camera image products for rover traverse planning purposes. The task was assigned to the Multimission Image Processing Laboratory (MIPL), an element of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). This paper reports on the ensuing design that involved sequentially transporting, or "pipelining", telemetered MER camera image data between disparate computer processes executed in parallel across multiple machine resources. Discussion touches on the fundamental aspects of the system's event-driven processing strategy that provided autonomy in its operation. Overviews of the interconnecting process streams are provided. In the end, it is apparent to the reader that MIPL designed a system of image product generating systems built with robustness to meet rover planning requirements and with sufficient versatility to meet expanding operations needs in short order.
Parallel Algorithms for Cographs Recognition and Applications

Cograph arise in such application areas as examination scheduling and automatic clustering of index terms. It is shown that recognition, transitive orientation, maximum node weighted clique, minimum node coloring, minimum weight dominating set, minimum fill-in and isomorphism for cographs is in NC. The model of computation is CRCW P-RAM.
Introduction to Computation

Although the basic laws that govern the atomic interactions and dynamics in materials are conceptually simple and well understood, the remarkable complexity and variety of properties that materials display at the macroscopic level seem unpredictable and are poorly understood. Such a situation of basic well-known governing principles but complex outcomes is highly suited for a computational approach. This ultimate ambition of materials science—to predict macroscopic behavior from microscopic information (e.g., atomic composition)—has driven the impressive development of computational materials science. This article is a brief introduction to the set of articles in this category. The ultimate advantage of computing methods, both in basic materials research and in applied materials design, is the level of control one has over the system under study. The parts of this category deal with a large variety of physical phenomena. Keywords: introduction; computation; modeling; advantages; materials science; physical phenomena
Prenatal Development of Layer-Specific Local Circuits in Primary Visual Cortex of the Macaque Monkey

Previous studies have demonstrated that axonal arbors specific for the four main cortical layers — 2/3, 4, 5, and 6 — develop precisely from the outset using activity-independent cues. In macaque primary visual cortex (V1), layer 2/3 is subdivided into layers named 2/3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B, and layer 4 is subdivided into 4Cα and 4Cβ. Individual neurons in V1 of mature macaques have axonal arbors that are highly specific for these sublayers. We have studied the prenatal development of laminar and sublaminar specificity of local circuits in macaque V1. Two-hundred thirty-eight neurons were labeled intracellularly in living brain slices prepared from V1 of five prenatal macaque monkeys aged 100 to 145 d postconception (E100–E145). Axonal and dendritic arbors of labeled neurons were reconstructed to assess their relationships to the cortical layers. We find that developing spiny neurons in layers 2–4B and layer 5 specifically target superficial and deep layers without forming “incorrect” branches in layer 4C. Similarly, layer 6 pyramidal neurons that target layer 4C do not form “incorrect” branches in layer 5. These results indicate that specific projections to the main cortical layers develop with a high degree of selectivity, as in other species. However, the development of sublayer-specific projections was not always precise from the outset. Unlike postnatal animals, axons of some prenatal layer 4Cβ spiny neurons branch in layer 4B. At similar ages, many pyramidal neurons in the upper half of layer 6 have axonal branches in layer 4Cα as well as 4Cβ; these projections are specific for 4Cβ in more mature animals. Also, there is similar “exuberance” in axonal arbors of other layer 6 cell types. Transient projections were also observed in the subplate and to the white matter for cells from all layers, except 4Cβ. These observations indicate that at least some sublayer-specific projections emerge by elimination of exuberant axonal branches and suggest that they may use activity-dependent mechanisms to identify “correct” target layers. Such cues could be provided by laminar differences in the patterns of spontaneous prenatal activity in the retino-geniculo-cortical network.
Pharmacodynamic Profile of GSK2140944 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Murine Lung Infection Model.

ABSTRACT GSK2140944 is a novel bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitor with in vitro activity against key causative respiratory pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We described the pharmacodynamics of GSK2140944 against MRSA in the neutropenic murine lung infection model. MICs of GSK2140944 were determined by broth microdilution. Plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) pharmacokinetics were evaluated to allow determination of pulmonary distribution. Six MRSA isolates were tested. GSK2140944 doses of 1.56 to 400 mg/kg of body weight every 6 h (q6h) were utilized. Efficacy as the change in log 10 CFU at 24 h compared with 0 h controls and the area under the concentration-time curve for the free, unbound fraction of a drug ( f AUC)/MIC required for various efficacy endpoints were determined. GSK2140944 MICs were 0.125 to 0.5 mg/liter against the six MRSA isolates. ELF penetration ratios ranged from 1.1 to 1.4. Observed maximal decreases were 1.1 to 3.1 log 10 CFU in neutropenic mice. The mean f AUC/MIC ratios required for stasis and 1-log-unit decreases were 59.3 ± 34.6 and 148.4 ± 83.3, respectively. GSK2140944 displayed in vitro and in vivo activity against MRSA. The pharmacodynamic profile of GSK2140944, as determined, supports its further development as a potential treatment option for pulmonary infections, including those caused by MRSA.
Osteointegration of Implants in Radiated Bone With and Without Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen

A study was undertaken to evaluate the integration of endosseous implants in rabbit tibias that had received a tumorocidal dose of radiation. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on integration in this compromised situation was also evaluated. Despite clinical and radiographic evidence of success of all implants, there was a significant decrease in amount of histologic bony integration of implants placed in the tibias that had received radiation therapy when compared to contralateral control implants. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy significantly improved the amount of histologic integration of implants placed within the radiated tibias evaluated at 10 and 16 weeks after placement. Hyperbaric oxygen was also associated with better soft tissue wound healing in the radiated surgical site. Increased integration time significantly improved the amount of histologic integration in the animals that did not receive hyperbaric oxygen.
Feedback acceptance in developmental assessment centers: the role of feedback message, participant personality, and affective response to the feedback session

Summary We investigated feedback acceptance by participants (N ¼ 141) in an operational developmental assessment center (AC). Consistent with predictions based on self-enhancement theory and the Affective Infusion Model, results indicated that higher assessor ratings were associated with higher feedback acceptance, and this relationship was partially mediated by the participant’s affective reaction to the feedback session. Participants’ self-ratings of their AC performance did not affect this relationship suggesting no support for our prediction based on self-verification theory. We also investigated the role of participants’ self-ratings of agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability in feedback acceptance by testing specific moderated mediation hypotheses. Extraversion was related to feedback acceptance through the affective reaction to the feedback session. Agreeableness moderated the affective reaction to the feedback session and feedback acceptance relationship such that there was a strong relationship between affective reaction and feedback acceptance for highly agreeable participants, but no relationship for low agreeable individuals. For low agreeable individuals, there was a positive direct relationship between the assessor ratings and feedback acceptance which was not observed for highly agreeable individuals. The hypothesized role of emotional stability in predicting feedback acceptance was not supported. Implications for the delivery of feedback in developmental ACs are discussed in light of these findings. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship of broiler bruise age to appearance and tissue histological characteristics.

Abstract Because commercial broilers may be bruised at any time during production and even up to the time of slaughter, minimizing bruising requires a clear understanding of when and how it occurs. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the age, visual appearance, and histological characteristics of a bruise. Market-aged broilers were anesthetized, bruised on the breast, wing, and drum, and processed 0, 1, 6, 12, or 24 hr after receiving the bruises. Bruise color measurements revealed that as their age increased, breast bruises became darker (higher ΔL; changes in lightness value), whereas wing and drum bruises became lighter (lower ΔL). Redness and yellowness of breast bruises were not significantly different at any of the bruise ages. With increasing bruise age, wing bruises became less red and less yellow, and drum bruises became more red and more yellow. Histological tissue samples showed that drum bruises were more severe than breast or wing bruises at all time intervals. For all bruises, maximum ΔL and tissue edema occurred in carcasses of broilers injured 6 hr before processing.
From participatory design to participating problem solving: enhancing system adaptability through user modelling

The issue on the role of users in knowledge-based systems can be investigated from two aspects: the design aspect and the functionality aspect. Participatory design is an important approach for the first aspect while system adaptability supported by user modelling is crucial to the second aspect. In the article, we discuss the second aspect. We view a knowledge-based computer system as the partner of users' problem-solving process, and we argue that the system functionality can be enhanced by adapting the behaviour of the system to fit the needs of users with different profiles. We emphasise that the notion of user modelling is crucial to realise such kind of flexibility. User modelling will be beneficial to the user, not only through adaptive interfaces, but also through the enhanced system adaptability. In a knowledge-based system, by incorporating user models, searching can be reduced to a smaller portion in the knowledge-base, thus enhancing system functionality. In other words, user modelling is incorporated to realise flexible inference control to achieve system adaptability. An example is provided, and a general conceptual model is sketched. We conclude this paper by emphasising that the design aspect and functionality aspect are complementary. Achieving enhanced functionality through joint efforts of computers and human users indicates a kind of participatory execution of computerised problem-solving or participatory problem-solving.
High performance organic polymer light-emitting heterostructure devices

We report a high performance electroluminescence device based on bi-layer conjugated polymer structures consisting of a hole transporting (amine-fluorene) and an emissive (benzothiadiazole-fluorene) polymer layers prepared by the spin-coating technique on the glass substrate. Devices showed green emission with an electroluminescence peak located at around 545 nm and a full width at half maximum of about 80 nm. Our devices have also shown a high brightness (∼10 000 cd/m2 at 0.84 mA/mm2), good emission efficiency (∼14.5 cd/A) and luminous efficiency (2.26 lm/W), a large external quantum efficiency (3.8%), and a reasonable forward-to-reverse bias current rectification ratio (>103 at ±25 V).
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of anomalous right coronary artery

Angioplasty of anomalous coronary arteries can be technically challenging because of difficulty in selectively cannulating the aberrant vessel. We present our experience with angioplasty of an anomalous right coronary artery. A Judkins-type left coronary catheter with an eccentric tip, the FL4-G type catheter was used to obtain stable position in the right coronary artery and angioplasty was performed.
Remote progressive firmware update for flash-based networked embedded systems

Firmware update over a network connection is an essential but expensive feature for many embedded systems due to the relatively high power consumption and limited bandwidth. This work proposes a page-level, link-time technique that minimizes not only the size of patching scripts but also perturbation to the firmware memory, over the entire sequence of updates in the system's lifetime. Experimental results show our technique to reduce the energy consumption of firmware update by 38--42% over the state-of-the-art.
Vesicular ATP transport is a hard (V)NUT to crack

ATP has been known for decades as a major form of molecular energy currency, generated by glycolysis, respiration, or other reactions, and used to provide energy for a myriad of other biochemical processes. However, in recent years it has become apparent that ATP also fulfills a role as an extracellular signaling molecule. ATP is secreted by fusion of ATP-containing intracellular vesicles with the cell membrane, but the machinery responsible for filling these vesicles has, until now, been a mystery. In a recent issue of PNAS, Yoshinori Moriyama and his coworkers at Okayama University have identified an ATP transporter present in secretory vesicles that fulfills all of the requirements of the elusive vesicular ATP transporter, which they have named VNUT (1).
Case reports: the influence of selective voluntary motor control on gait after hamstring lengthening surgery.

Background Preliminary evidence suggests selective voluntary motor control (SVMC), defined as performance of isolated voluntary joint movement on request, may be an important factor affecting functional movement tasks. Individuals with poor SVMC are unable to dissociate hip and knee synergistic movement during the swing phase of gait and have difficulty extending their knee while the hip is flexing during terminal swing regardless of hamstring length. This pattern may limit their ability to take advantage of hamstring-lengthening surgery (HLS) and may explain a lack of improved stride length postoperatively.
Deficits in unsignaled avoidance behavior in rhesus monkeys asphyxiated at birth.

The performance of neonatally asphyxiated and normal rhesus monkeys was compared on free operant signaled and unsignaled avoidance. The asphyxiated animals received more shocks than normal controls on the unsignaled paradigm, but avoided as well as normals when a preshock warning stimulus was included in the schedule. Shock rate during the signaled avoidance was not affected by changes in warning stimulus duration.
Large-scale optical phased arrays enabled by silicon photonics

The largest (up to 64×64) optical phased arrays to date are demonstrated with silicon photonics, including passive arrays generating intricate far-field patterns and an active array for dynamic beam steering and shaping.
Parking Supply Policy and Transit Use: Case Study of Atlanta, Georgia

For two decades, the city of Atlanta, Georgia, has used special public interest districts (SPIDs) to attract new development to and improve transit ridership around Midtown rail transit stations operated by the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA). Buildings locating inside SPIDs need not provide any parking facilities and can be developed more intensively than buildings located outside SPIDs. Buildings constructed outside SPIDs must have at least two parking stalls for every 1,000 ft2 (92.9 m2) of gross leasable area and are limited to about 30 floors. The extent to which these policy objectives have been fulfilled by Atlanta's parking supply policies as they are applied around Midtown MARTA stations is analyzed. Findings are mixed. Development was attracted to SPIDs, and transit ridership among employees working within SPIDs was substantially higher than among those working outside SPIDs. On the other hand, new parking has proliferated throughout Midtown with some evidence to suggest tha...
Ag-Au superlattice band structure

The dispersions of the [ital sp] bands in Ag-Au(111) superlattices are calculated. The calculation employs the nearly free-electron approximation for the wave functions within the Ag and Au layers. A one-band model for the superlattice band structure is developed and applied to the present system. This results in a simple analytic formula for the band dispersions of the superlattice geometry. The calculated band dispersions are in good agreement with experimental results determined previously by photoemission spectroscopy.
Pyran copolymer and 7,12-dimethylbenzanthraceneinduced carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch

Abstract Pyran copolymer (PC) exerted no significant effect on carcinogenesis. PC displayed humoral immune response stimulatory properties in the hamster relative to sheep red blood cells. PC-induced morphologic alterations in livers and spleens were noted, consisting of focal and diffuse histiocytic infiltration with surface histiocytic plaque formation. PC-mediated white blood cell alterations presented as prominent granular cytoplasmic inclusions. Thus the effect of PC on carcinogenesis is unpredictable.
254 - Effect of the Adenine Moiety on the Electrochemical Behavior of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide; Possible Reduction of the Adenine

Abstract The presence of the adenine moiety very markedly affects the adsorption phenomena at the solution|electrode interface associated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in aqueous media. Furthermore, a number of effects seen on the electrochemical reduction of NAD+ may be associated with faradaic reduction of the adenine. Such a reduction, which has been postulated as an initial step in the pulse radiolysis of NAD+, helps to rationalize the reversible reduction of adsorbed NAD+, where the ultimate reduction site, i.e. , the pyridine ring, is separated from the solution|electrode interface by the adenine ring. The adenine moiety also participates in a redox couple with mercury.
Ignition and Extinction of a Monopropellant Droplet in an Inert Atmosphere.

Abstract This paper completes an extensive study of quasi-steady decomposition of a monopropellant droplet in an inert, stagnant atmosphere for constant gas properties and one-step, first-order Arrhenius-type gas phase kinetics. Response curves of vaporization rate versus Damkohler number are again examined in the limit of large activation energy, so as to determine their weak- and strong-decomposition branches. A graph already existing in the fuel-oxidiser literature is shown to locate the ignition point at the end of the former, when there is one; and an explicit formula is derived for the extinction or ignition/extinction point at the end of the latter, when there is one.
Quantum chemical determination of stable intermediates for alkene epoxidation with Mn-porphyrin catalysts

Density functional theory (DFT) and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations were used to study stable intermediates for alkene epoxidation using Mn-porphyrin catalysts. For the reaction intermediate involving complexation of the alkene with the oxidized Mn-porphyrin, four intermediates have been proposed in the literature. A concerted mechanism with no intermediate has also been proposed, and these five mechanisms could all involve the formation of a product complex. Our calculations show that the product complex has the lowest energy, followed by the radical intermediate. The metallaoxetane intermediate is much higher in energy, and the calculations do not support carbocation or pi-radical cation intermediates. A polarizable continuum model was used to account for solvent effects, and the calculated energies of solvation are comparable for all minima along the reaction path.
Self-Incompatibility in Byrsonima lucida (Malpighiaceae), a Threatened Pine Rockland Specialist

ABSTRACT Byrsonima lucida (Mill.) DC is the only member of the tropical plant family Malpighiaceae native to North America, and is considered a threatened species by the state of Florida. In order to better conserve the remaining natural populations of B. lucida, we studied the breeding system of this species in natural and garden settings. We carried out floral biology and breeding system experiments over three flowering seasons from 2009–2012. We found that stigmas were receptive mostly during the first 2 d of flowering, but not in the final day. Self-pollination yielded few fruits and pollinator exclusion yielded no fruit set, indicating self-incompatibility and pollinator dependence in this species. Obligate outcrossing and complete dependence on a specialist bee pollinator make B. lucida's small, fragmented populations vulnerable to extinction. Conservation measures should include protecting its specialized bee pollinator.
Effect of Ca2+ on Protein Kinase A-Mediated Phosphorylation of a Specific Serine Residue in an Expressed Peptide Containing the Ca2+-Regulatory Domain of Scallop Muscle Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger

Sequencing of the scallop muscle Na+/Ca 2+ exchanger revealed three consensus sequences for phosphorylation by PK-A in the large cytoplasmic loop (R 363 KLTG, R 379 RASV, and R 618 RGSV). Site-directed mutagenesis of the expressed Glu 384 -Ser 713 segment of the floop identified Ser 621 as a residue phosphorylated by PK-A. The R 618 RGSV sequence is located at the junction of the mutually exclusive exon and exon 9, a site where many alternatively spliced variants of vertebrate NCX1 and NCX3 are generated. Phosphorylation of Ser 621 by PK-A in the isolated Glu 384 -Ser 713 peptide was blocked under conditions where Ca 2+ was bound.
Educational Achievement as a Mediator between Gender and Financial Risk Tolerance: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this study involved testing whether attained education mediates the association between gender and financial risk tolerance. Using data from a demographically diverse sample living in the United States (N = 249), it was determined that the direct association between being female and risk tolerance was negative. That is, women exhibited a risk-averse profile. Attained education was found to be positively associated with risk tolerance. Using a Sobel test, it was then determined that the total effect of gender on risk tolerance could be significantly reduced when education was used a mediator between gender and risk tolerance. Results were confirmed using a bootstrap estimation procedure that showed a medium to large overall effect size for the indirect effect.
The solvent-initiated photolysis of dichloro(2,2'-bipyridine)platinum(II) in chloroform.

Abstract Under 254 nm irradiation, [Pt(bpy)Cl2] is converted to [Pt(bpy)Cl4] in a solvent-initiated process. The reaction is very nearly zero order throughout. The rate decreases slightly with increasing starting concentration. These characteristics can be rationalized by a rate law of the form afS, where fS is the fraction of light absorbed by chloroform. The species that reacts with [Pt(bpy)Cl2] is believed to be CCl3OO.
Binding Dynamics of the Holliday Junction with Yeast MutS Homolog Msh4-Msh5

MutS homologs (Msh) are conserved in all organisms and they are involved in the process of mismatch recognition and repair. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are five MutS Homologs (Msh2 through Msh6) that participate in repair and recombination processes. The heterodimeric protein complexes, Msh2-Msh3 and Msh2-Msh6, play a role in mismatch repair. MutS homolog Msh4 and Msh5 are not involved in mismatch recognition and repair and genetic studies in S. cerevisiae and mouse indicate that Msh4-Msh5 are responsible for gamete viability during meiosis, recombination and chromosomal segregation. Recent studies have shown that human Msh4-Msh5 recognizes and stabilizes Holliday or four-way DNA Junctions (4WJ), an intermediate in double stranded break repair. Our efforts are focused on elucidating structure-function relationships of S. cerevisiae MutS homolog Msh4-Msh5 by specifically studying the binding interaction of Msh4-Msh5 with DNA 4WJs. We have successfully expressed and purified S. cerevisiae Msh4-Msh5 in E. coli cells as both a heterodimeric protein complex as well as Msh4 and Msh5 monomers. Our initial data demonstrates that the purified proteins are active and binds with high affinity to DNA 4WJ. The binding affinity is in the nanomolar range and similar to that previously reported for human Msh4-Msh5. To study the effect of Msh4-Msh5 on junction conformation, we are using Forster resonance energy transfer. These measurements also probe whether Msh4-Msh5 preferentially binds to the open or stacked form of the junction. These measurements will also address whether stabilization of the stacked conformation is functionally related to suppression of recombination.
Persistent salmonellosis causes pancreatitis in a murine model of infection.

Pancreatitis, a known risk factor for the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is a serious, widespread medical condition usually caused by alcohol abuse or gallstone-mediated ductal obstruction. However, many cases of pancreatitis are of an unknown etiology. Pancreatitis has been linked to bacterial infection, but causality has yet to be established. Here, we found that persistent infection of mice with the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was sufficient to induce pancreatitis reminiscent of the human disease. Specifically, we found that pancreatitis induced by persistent S. Typhimurium infection was characterized by a loss of pancreatic acinar cells, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, fibrosis and accumulation of inflammatory cells, including CD11b+ F4/80+, CD11b+ Ly6Cint Ly6G+ and CD11b+ Ly6Chi Ly6G− cells. Furthermore, we found that S. Typhimurium colonized and persisted in the pancreas, associated with pancreatic acinar cells in vivo, and could invade cultured pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. Thus, persistent infection of mice with S. Typhimurium may serve as a useful model for the study of pancreatitis as it relates to bacterial infection. Increased knowledge of how pathogenic bacteria can cause pancreatitis will provide a more integrated picture of the etiology of the disease and could lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for treatment and prevention of pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Modified brow lift: An adjunct to blepharoplasty

Abstract Purpose: This report evaluates the efficacy of the modified supratrichial brow lift technique. The indications for the procedure, as well as the advantages, effectiveness, and complications are reviewed. Patients and Methods: Thirty-six modified supratrichial brow lift procedures were performed bilaterally on 34 female and two male patients. The procedure was used in conjunction with a blepharoplasty in 32 patients and alone in four patients. Results: The procedure improved the cosmetic result in the 32 patients with lateral brow ptosis who had a concomitant upper eyelid blepharoplasty. No complications were encountered. Conclusion: The modified supratrichial brow lift can improve the cosmetic result in patients with lateral brow ptosis undergoing an upper eyelid blepharoplasty.
The Hidden History of Food System Planning

Urban planning practitioners and academics generally view food system planning as a recent area of study, originating little more than a decade ago. Yet, food planning has a long and multifaceted h...
Hormonal control of egg maturation in the corn earworm, Heliothis zea.

At eclosion, the ovaries of female Corn earworm Heliothis zea do not contain mature eggs. Virgin-unfed females produced approximately 400 mature eggs in 8 days; mating or feeding doubled this number, and mating plus feeding more than tripled it. Females allatectomized or decapitated at day 0 matured few eggs. Egg production was restored by implantation of active corpora allata (CA) or by treatment with the juvenile hormone (JH) analogue methoprene at day 0. 20-Hydroxyecdysone, on the other hand, had no effect. Females in which the CA had been denervated or in which the median neurosecretory cells of the brain had been ablated at day 0 produced fewer eggs than sham-operated animals. These results indicate that egg maturation is controlled by JH and that continuous input from the brain is required for sustained CA activity for maintaining a high rates of egg maturation. The rate of JH biosynthesis by CA in vitro was determined with a radiochemical assay. The major hormones produced were JH-II and JH-III with small quantities of JH-I. The rates of JH synthesis were similar in all experimental groups which may indicate that the in vitro rate of JH synthesis does not reflect the actual state of CA activity in the female.
The Paradoxical Misuse of Power by Those Who See Themselves as Powerless: How Does It Happen?

Consideration is given to the paradoxical misuse of power by those who perceive themselves as powerless. A general model is presented to account for the coercive response style often shown by adults with low perceived power when they are placed in a position of authority (e.g., as parents or teachers). Specific hypotheses are tested here concerning control-oriented cognitive activity and speech patterns shown by “powerless” adults when their authority is challenged. Women with high or low perceived power (as measured by the Parent Attribution Test) attempted to teach a computer game to a responsive or unresponsive child. “Powerless” women showed high levels of control-oriented appraisal activity preceding teaching interactions and a high level of nonfluency during teaching interactions (an ineffective speech style). It was concluded that the responses shown by “powerless” women set the stage for misunderstanding and future conflict.
Stream functions of certain rotating cylinders

Abstract Two different methods are used to find the stream function for a rotating cylinder containing a frictionless fluid. In the first method we use complex variables and give a generalization of the well-known results. In the second method we consider suitable distributions of Dirac σ-function or its derivatives on lines. Also the first method is applied to solve the problem of a rotating cylinder with the fluid external to it. The solutions we obtain are in closed form; not only do we obtain some new solutions for certain cylinders but we also recover some of the known solutions in an easy way.