cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatments for Kienböck disease: what the radiologist needs to know.

The etiology of Kienbock disease, or avascular necrosis of the lunate, is controversial, and there are a myriad of treatments aimed at correcting the various hypothesized pathologies. Interventions to reduce mechanical stress on the lunate have been used for decades, including radial osteotomy with or without radial shortening, ulnar lengthening and metaphyseal core decompression procedures. However, these procedures require preservation of lunate architecture. Newer procedures to revascularize the lunate bone have emerged in the last 10 years, such as pedicled corticoperiosteal vascularized bone grafting. Once there is collapse of the radiocarpal joint or midcarpal arthrosis, the conventional treatments have included proximal row carpectomy and complete or partial wrist joint arthrodesis. Newer salvage procedures such as lunate excision with autologous or synthetic interposition grafts are now being used when possible. As this disease is relatively rare, radiologists may not be familiar with the expected post-operative radiologic findings and complications, especially of the newer treatments. The goals of this paper are to review the available treatment options and their expected appearance on postoperative imaging, with discussion of possible complications when appropriate.
Decoupling Mechanisms of Platinum Deposition on Colloidal Gold Nanoparticle Substrates

Nanoscale platinum materials are essential components in many technologies, including catalytic converters and fuel cells. Combining Pt with other metals can enhance its performance and/or decrease the cost of the technology, and a wide range of strategies have been developed to capitalize on these advantages. However, wet chemical synthesis of Pt-containing nanoparticles (NPs) is challenging due to the diverse metal segregation and metal–metal redox processes possible under closely related experimental conditions. Here, we elucidate the relationship between Pt(IV) speciation and the formation of well-known NP motifs, including frame-like and core–shell morphologies, in Au–Pt systems. We leverage insights gained from these studies to induce a controlled transition from redox- to surface chemistry-mediated growth pathways, resulting in the formation of Pt NPs in epitaxial contact and linear alignment along a gold nanoprism substrate. Mechanistic investigations using a combination of electron microscopy and...
Pediatric Hospitalists’ Perspectives on the Care of Children With Medical Complexity

Objective: The aims of this study were to identify pediatric hospitalists’ perceived views of (1) barriers to delivering care to children with medical complexity (CMC) and (2) their preferred model of inpatient health care delivery for CMC. Subjects: American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine (AAP-SOHM) Listserv subscribers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of subscribers of the AAP-SOHM Listserv using the survey instrument SurveyMonkey®. Our survey was coadministered with a survey on pediatric hospitalist career satisfaction. Results: The most significant barriers to delivering care to CMC were (1) time constraints (89%), (2) inadequate postdischarge resources (75%), and (3) lack of evidence-based guidelines (64%). Although most pediatric hospitalists in an inpatient service currently care for both CMC and non-CMC patients (91%), only 25% perceive this to be the optimal service model for CMC. The majority of hospitalists (56%) believe that CMC are better served by either an inpatient service dedicated to CMC (30%) or comanaged with an inpatient consult service for CMC (26%). Conclusions: Identifying the perceived barriers to delivering care to CMC can assist pediatric hospitalists to design studies determining if care delivery is affected by these barriers. Most hospitalists care for CMC on the same service as uncomplicated patients, yet over half perceive that a different model of care delivery would better serve the needs of CMC.
Food Habits of The Mountain Goat in Colorado

The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus missoulae) was not native to Colorado but has become successfully established through introductions. The results of a two-year investigation of food habits indicated that grasses and grass-like plants composed the greater part of the diet throughout the year. Kobresia (Kobresia bellardi), Scribner wheatgrass (Agropyron scribneri), blue grasses (Poa sp.), clover (Trifolium dasyphyllum and T. nanunm) and sedge (Carex sp.) were the preferred plants. The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus missoulae), although not native to Colorado, was introduced in 1948 and has become successfully established in some of the high mountain areas. The Colorado Game, Fish and Parks Department recently initiated an intensive study to determine the status of the mountain goat. One phase of this study was concerned with the food habits of the goat. Studies in other areas have shown the seasonal food preferences of moun- tain goats to be extremely variable. These conclusions were substantiated by this investigation. Anderson (1940) found that goats in Washington browsed more than they grazed during summer. When bunchgrasses were available on the winter range, they made up as much as 90% of the diet. Cowan (unpublished data) found that five goat stomachs collected during the summer in British Colum- bia contained 63% grasses and sedges, 23% willow, and 14% herbaceous vegetation. Grasses and sedges made up the greater amount of the mountain goat's diet in Alaska, according to Klein (unpublished data). He found that browsing was done mostly in winter, but that even then woody plants com- prised only a small percentage of the diet. Brandborg (1955) analyzed the contents of six goat stomachs collected in Montana and found that grasses and mountain mahogany provided 96% of the volume of the winter food. He also found that during severe winters a high percentage of pine needles and twigs were taken, apparently as emergency rations. Shrubs were consid- ered primary and grasses and forbs secondary in the summer diet of goats in Montana (Casebeer, unpublished data). Grasses made up about 65% of the winter forage in Montana with shrubs of secondary importance. Many browse species, heavily used in summer, were not browsed in winter.
The Synthesis and Catalytic Application of a New Class of Imprinted Silica

The effect of chemical environment surrounding a synthetic heterogeneous catalyst active site is investigated using the hydrophilic imprinting of silica. Two model reaction systems have been used for this study: (i) Knoevenagel condensation of 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and malononitrile and (ii) Suzuki coupling of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid. Using a catalyst in which isolated imprinted amines are surrounded by an acidic silanol-rich environment led to rate accelerations of over 120-fold relative to catalysts in which the amines are surrounded by a hydrophobic environment consisting of trimethylsilyl functional groups for system (i). This result parallels our previous study on the effect of the outer sphere composition on rate acceleration of Knoevenagel reactions using isophthalaldehyde as the aldehyde reactant. We also extended our method for the hydrophilic imprinting of bulk silica to organometallic systems, by successfully synthesizing a tethered palladium complex within the imprinted pocket. This material was used as an active catalyst for (ii). Our results show that a hydrophobic framework environment results in higher initial turnover frequencies than an acidic silanol-rich framework for the Suzuki coupling reaction of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid, albeit with a lower overall effect than observed in the Knoevenagel system (i). Altogether, these results demonstrate the control of chemical reactivity via the rational design of the outer sphere using an imprinting approach.
"The Power of Words in Big Data: Ngrams, Mega-Text Corpora, and Computer-Automated Text Analysis"

This symposium explores the All Academy Theme, the Power of Words, as a methodological tool for management scholars and practitioners. While management research has always relied on text analysis t...
Does Corruption Affect the Informal-Formal Sector Income Gap? Evidence from Brazil

Many countries rely on the informal economy as a source of employment. These same countries also experience a significant amount of corruption. Corruption may exacerbate the existing formal-informal income gap, as it increases income inequality. Using individual and municipal level data from Brazil, we show that this is in fact the case. The income gap is larger in municipalities that experience more corruption. This finding holds after controlling for selection effects and is robust to the exclusion of taxes and corruption related costs from income. Thus, addressing the formal-informal income gap problem may first require the elimination of corruption.
CONDITIONS FOR FORMATION OF A DOUBLERECIRCULATION FLOW PATTERN IN A SLAB CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLD WITH ARGON GAS BLOWING

The formed conditions of a double-recirculation flow pattern (DRFP) in a slab con- tinuous casting mold with blowing argon gas were quantitive described using the Lagrange multi-phase flow model,and the prediction was validated by the water model.The influences of argon gas flowrate, fluid steel mass flowrate,mold width,submergence depth of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and port downward angle on the DRFP were numerically investigated.The results show that it is important for ensuring the DRFP that the argon gas flowrate matches the other casting conditions.The critical ar- gon gas flowrate increases with increasing fluid steel mass flowrate,and the range of argon gas flowrate for keeping the DRFP will be enlarged by decreasing the mold width and increasing the submergence depth of SEN as the fluid steel mass flowrate is more than 2.5 t/min,nevertheless,the port downward angle of SEN has little effect on it.However,the operation parameters have no significant influence on it as the fluid steel mass flowrate is below 2.5 t/min.
Analysis on detection of serum markers and DNA of HBV among restaurant service workers

Objective: To investigate and analyze the HBV infection situation of the restaurant service workers.Methods:HBVsAg was tested by ELISA method.If their results were positive,the other serum HBV markers were tested by ELISA and HBV DNA by PCR.Results:The HBV infection rate of all the engaging restaurant service workers was 3.39%,there was no significant difference between the male and female.The infection rate of the new workers were 7.98%,which accounts for 97.8% of the total positives.Detecting the partial HBVsAg negative sera,HBVeAb positive rate was 8.09%.For HBV DNA tests,the positive rate of the samples with HBsAg and HBeAg positive was 98.8%(84/85),and 70% for the samples with HBsAg and HBeAb positive,22.7% for the samples of the only HBsAg positive.Conclusion:The HBV infection rate of all the restaurant service workers is obviously lower than Chinese average infection rate.Some HBVeAg,HBVeAb and HBVsAg positive workers have HBV DNA duplication.
Pulsed Laser Control Synthesis of Ag-SiO_2 Nano-composite Particles

Ag-SiO2 nano-composite particles were synthesized by pulsed laser gas phase evaporation control and liquid phase collection,and the mixture targets were composed of 0%,3%,and 20% content micron-sized Ag powders and micron-sized SiO2 powders. The morphology,structure and synthesis mechanism of the samples were studied by means of TEM,XRD,infrared spectroscopy and other techniques. The results indicated that the Ag-SiO2nano-composite particles prepared with this method are spherical. The diameters of the primary particles are from 15 nm to25 nm. By comparison,Ag-SiO2nano-composite particles are better than Ag nanoparticle in dispersion. Ag-SiO2nano-composite particles have mixed composite structure. The spectral absorption peaks of Ag-SiO2nano-composite particles showblue shift with the increase of SiO2 content,which proves that optical properties of Ag nanoparticles are adjusted by SiO2 composited in Ag. The ethylene glycol in the liquid phase is adsorbed on the surface of nano-composite particles which plays a role insitu dispersing nano-composite particles.
Factors Associated with Misplaced Endotracheal Tubes During Intubation in Pediatric Patients.

Abstract Background Correct positioning of the endotracheal tube (ETT) during emergent pediatric intubations can be challenging, and incorrect placement may be associated with higher rates of complications. Objectives The aims of this study are to: 1) assess the prevalence of clinically undetected misplaced ETTs after intubation in the pediatric emergency department; 2) identify predictors of ETT misplacement; and 3) evaluate for any association between intubation-related complications and ETT position. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the primary outcome was rate of unrecognized low or high ETTs detected on confirmatory chest radiographs. The secondary outcome was frequency of complications (i.e., hypoxemia, difficult ventilation, atelectasis, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and aspiration) associated with misplaced ETTs. Multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the associations between patient and procedural characteristics and misplaced ETTs and between ETT position and complications. Results Seventy-seven of 201 (38.3%) intubations performed in the emergency department resulted in clinically unrecognized misplaced ETTs. Of the misplaced tubes, 45 of 77 (58%) were identified as low and 32 (42%) were high. In multivariable analyses, female sex and decreasing age were associated with increased risk of low tube placement (odds ratio for female sex, 2.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.1]; odds ratio of decreasing age, 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.3]). Low tube misplacement was associated with an increased risk of intubation-related complications compared to both correct and high tube placement ( p Conclusion Clinically unrecognized ETT misplacement occurs frequently in the pediatric emergency department, with low placement being most common, particularly in girls and younger children. Measures to improve clinical or radiographic recognition of incorrect tube position should be considered.
Gender Role Conflict Theory, Research, and Practice: Implications for Understanding the Human–Animal Bond

In December 2014, the Jesuit pope, Francis made comments that suggested that animals have souls and would be welcomed in heaven. This single comment activated a 150-year-old debate in Vatican on whether animals have souls like humans and has significant implications for theology and anyone bonded to a pet. If animals have souls and human beings bond with them, then the animal bond has significant spiritual–religious dimensions. In this way, animals become not only agents of psychological growth and soothing for people (Blazina et al. 2013) but spiritual partners like human beings. In this context, the animal–human bond becomes more than fringe topic but a critical one that needs to be more vigorously studied.
The Decline of Life: “The comforts of a private fire-side”

Unlike other aspects of the history of old age, ideals regarding old people's homes and families were quite clear and relatively uniform in the eighteenth century. First, older people expected to retain independent dwellings (or at least dwelling spaces) until, and even after, they reached decrepitude. Although older people strived to remain independent, they also sought to contribute actively and significantly to the well-being of their families. The close ties that they ideally retained with their family members were characterized by reciprocal responsibilities between the generations. Once an old person fell into need, his or her children, and even more distant kin in cases where children were not available, were expected to offer whatever assistance was possible, including co-residence. An old person's ability to meet these ideals was strongly connected to gender and economic status, as well as to age and individual family circumstances. These expectations and ideals changed little over the course of the eighteenth century, despite the sweeping changes that affected England's economy and demography. This chapter focuses on expectations of residential independence for the aged and examines the degree to which these expectations were met in the lived experiences of old men and women. It also examines the nature of the relationship between spouses, showing the variety of ways in which husbands and wives depended on each other. Older couples sought and achieved economic and residential security and autonomy as pairs rather than merely as individuals.
Evaluation and Initial Management of Hypopituitarism

1. Melinda Pierce, MD* 2. Lisa Madison, MD* 1. *OHSU Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Portland, OR. Signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism, in particular diabetes insipidus and decreased linear growth velocity, are frequently overlooked in patients with craniopharyngioma. (1) After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the various pathophysiologic causes associated with hypopituitarism, including craniopharyngioma. 2. Recognize the clinical features of pituitary hormone deficiencies. 3. Describe the principles of hormone replacement therapy for hypopituitarism. Hypopituitarism affects between 1 in 4,000 and 1 in 10,000 live births, with increasing incidence with age. (2) The pituitary, sometimes referred to as the master gland, is positioned in the anterior midline of the brain in the sella turcica. The pituitary controls endocrine function through the release of multiple hormones that can have a direct growth effect on target tissue (trophic effects) or stimulate that tissue to release a hormone that has its effects on other tissues (tropic effects). The anterior pituitary forms as an outpouching of the embryonic oral cavity (Rathke pouch). It is responsible for the release of growth hormone (GH), corticotropin, thyrotropin, prolactin, and the gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The posterior pituitary is composed of neuronal projections from the hypothalamus and is responsible for the storage and secretion of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This article examines the pathologic causes of pituitary dysfunction, their diagnosis, and treatment. ### Congenital Congenital hypopituitarism most often results from genetic or embryologic pathologies. Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is the most common congenital cause of hypopituitarism, with an incidence as high as 1 in 10,000. SOD results in variable hormonal deficiencies, absence of the septum pellucidum (Figure), and hypoplasia of the optic nerves, often resulting in blindness. (3) Although SOD can be …
Open Annotation and Close Reading the Victorian Text: Using Hypothes.is with Students

AbstractObservers of the digital humanities often see them as shifting literary study away from close reading. However, the digital humanities also present opportunities to refine our capabilities for close reading. These digital reading tools, often useful to scholars, may be just as helpful in the classroom. Students working on long Victorian texts often resist close reading. Ideally, they will have multiple low-pressure opportunities to practice this skill. Open annotation provides a frequent, collegial assignment to help students gain the habit of turning to specific moments in the text for their examples. Hypothes.is is an open-source project facilitating group annotation of any online text; it requires users to anchor any comment in a specific text passage while enabling privacy, conversation threads, and easy grading. This essay offers a commentary on open annotation in the classroom, growing out of the particular challenges and rewards of the course where it was used. Students’ experiences of the ...
Neurofibromatosis-associated massive right internal carotid artery aneurysm with a coexisting arteriovenous fistula

A 47-year-old woman presented with a right cervical mass that had been slowly enlarging for 6 years, causing pulsatile tinnitus and dizziness with compression. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated a partially thrombosed 8-cm right internal carotid artery aneurysm with a coexisting arteriovenous fistula. Conventional angiography demonstrated a vertebrojugular fistula (right vertebral artery to right internal jugular vein) and retrograde flow in the right vertebral artery to the fistula. Successful repair was performed in a staged fashion: operative repair of the internal carotid artery aneurysm with interposition bypass, followed by endovascular embolization of the vertebrojugular fistula through a bilateral vertebral artery approach.
Scalable assembly of graphene nanosheets into 3D macroscopic structures for effective thermal management

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms bonded in a hexagonal lattice, is simultaneously the thinnest, strongest and stiffest known material, as well as being an excellent conductor of both heat and electricity. Reassembly of individual 2D graphene nanosheets into 3D macroscopic structures such as films, papers or fibers offers immense potentials for many important applications such as structural composites, electrodes for batteries, super-capacitors and fuel cells, stretchable/foldable electronics, photo-catalysts, membranes for gas separator and next generation nano-filtration and desalination technologies. Due to its intrinsically exceptional thermal conductivity, high quality graphene macroscopic structures also show immense potential as heat spreader materials for effective thermal management for high power electronics.
Parameter recovery of a cognitive diagnostic model: evidence from a simulation study

Although item response theory is a valuable summative assessment tool, cognitive diagnostic models could potentially be a valuable instructional and formative assessment instrument. Using simulation methods, we have examined one of the existing additive models - the compensatory reparameterised unified model (CRUM) - for its parameter recovery and classification accuracy under various research designs. In order for models such as the CRUM to be useful, it is essential to establish their parameter recovery and classification accuracy. This study simulated data for sample sizes of 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 examinees with various attribute-item combinations: 7 items with 3 attributes, 15 items with 4 attributes, 31 items with 5 attributes, and 35 items with 3 attributes to be evaluated for its parameter recovery. The results suggest that the accuracy of measuring examinees' attribute mastery depends heavily on the combination of the number of items and attributes as well as the sample size. Item parameter estimation was almost equally accurate for datasets of sample sizes greater than 100. The more complex items required larger sample sizes to maintain its consistency of parameter estimation.
Symbols, Slogans, and Charisma: Political Posters in India’s 2014 National Election

This chapter analyzes the important role political posters and billboards have played in Indian politics. The analysis focuses specifically on the use of political images and symbols during the 2014 Indian national election, which was characterized by a significant shift in campaign style due to the emergence of television and social media as campaign tools. Based on a qualitative analysis of political posters created by the two leading candidates for prime minister, Narendra Modi and Rahul Gandhi, the authors conclude that the observed focus on charismatic individuals rather than party agendas in the 2014 Indian election indicates a trend toward image-driven election campaigns typically found in the United States and other Western democracies. The chapter also notes the democratic function of visual information campaigns in a nation that still struggles with a high illiteracy rate.
Pedestrian fatality and impact speed squared: Cloglog modeling from French national data

Objective: The present study estimates pedestrians' risk of death according to impact speed when hit by a passenger car in a frontal collision.Methods: Data were coded for all fatal crashes in Fran...
CASES CONCEPT APPLIED TO NORFOLK NAVAL BASE

The Community Annual Storage Energy System (CASES) is a concept for heating and cooling buildings based on water-source heat pumps, water pipelines, solar energy and seasonal storage of both heat and “cold”. CASES is one component of the Energy Showcase program planned for the Naval base in Norfolk, Va. and jointly sponsored by DOE and DOD. This paper describes the adaption of the general CASES concept to the specific features of the Norfolk Naval Base and provides preliminary results from the feasibility study.
Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults

AbstractBackground: Plant-based diets are recommended for coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention. However, not all plant foods are necessarily beneficial for health.Objectives: This study sought t...
Fugitive Chemicals and Environmental Justice: A Model for Environmental Monitoring Following Climate-Related Disasters.

Abstract The combination of population growth in areas of mixed (residential, commercial, and industrial) land use along U.S. waterfronts and the increasing frequency of devastating hurricanes and storm surges has led to community fears of widespread toxic chemical contamination resulting from accidental industrial or small business releases, particularly in the aftermath of an extreme weather event, such as a hurricane. Industrial waterfront communities, which are frequently environmental justice communities, contain numerous toxic chemical sources located in close proximity to residential housing, schools, daycare centers, playgrounds, and healthcare centers. Despite the longstanding concerns of community activists and researchers about the potential for “fugitive” chemicals to be released into floodwaters, there has been little coordinated research or action to develop environmental monitoring programs for disaster-affected communities. In the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy, a community-academic partner...
Reaching Children with Mass Media Health Promotion Programs: The Relative Effectiveness of an Advertising Campaign, a Community-Based Program, and a School-Based Program

ABSTRACT Data are reported from three studies, together contrasting five approaches to increasing levels of adolescent viewing of televised health programming.
The Role of Intracellular pH in Hormone Action

pH is the measure of the “effective” concentration of protons. In fact, pH is defined in terms of this effective concentration, or thermodynamic activity, of protons: pH ≡ — log αH where αH is the thermodynamic activity of the proton. This definition is especially useful since it means that the pH is directly proportional to the energy, or Gibbs free energy, available from protons to do work. A familiar example provided by this is the fact that the voltage generated by a pH electrode is directly proportional to the pH sensed by that electrode. In a similar manner, in the living cell, pH is directly proportional to the ability of the proton to do work or to affect the cellular machinery.
Assessment of Learning in Entry-Level Geoscience Courses: Results from the Geoscience Concept Inventory

Assessment of learning in entry-level college science courses is of interest to a wide variety of faculty, administrators, and policy-makers. The question of student preparedness for college instru...
Spatio-temporal Network Application

This chapter provides brief descriptions of key real world domains where spatio-temporal networks play a significant role such as multimodal transportation networks and sensor networks. The chapter illustrates the modeling of multimodal transportation networks and sensor networks using time aggregated graphs.
AUTOTROPHIC CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION

This chapter discusses autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation. Reduction of one mole of carbon dioxide to cellular carbohydrate requires approximately 118 kcal and the equivalent of two moles of a reduced two-electron carrier, probably of low oxidation-reduction potential such as pyridine nucleotide. The most logical source of reducing power for chemolithoautotrophs would be electrons generated by oxidation of the inorganic energy source. However, reduction of pyridine nucleotide by many of the compounds that serve as energy sources for chemolithotrophs is frequently an endergonic reaction. There is no evidence for the formation of reducing power by photosynthetic bacteria as a consequence of the photochemical cleavage of water; in fact, the lack of an enhancement effect suggests that cleavage of water does not occur in bacterial photosynthesis. The need for reducing power by photoheterotrophic bacteria is not nearly so great as these organisms assimilate organic compounds at or near the oxidation state of cell material.
Moment Estimation using Bayesian Probability Theory

In NMR the response of a system of spins is described by a spectral density function G(ω). Typically, only the moments of this function can be computed from first principles. NMR data are typically sampled in the time domain. In the time domain, these moments are proportional to the derivatives of the Fourier transform of G(ω), evaluated at time t = 0. When comparing theory to experiment, good estimates of the moments are needed. Good estimates are difficult to obtain, because procedures like least-squares and maximum-likelihood do not tell what the data have to say about a particular moment; rather, they give information about all of the moments. In this paper, a Bayesian calculation of the probability for a given moment is presented, and an example of the calculation is given.
Dynamics of Virus-Specific Memory B Cells and Plasmablasts following Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Humoral responses within the central nervous system (CNS) are common to many neurotropic viral infections, with antibody (Ab)-secreting cells (ASC) contributing to local protection. However, a role for virus-specific memory B cells (Bmem) within the CNS is poorly explored due to lack of robust phenotypic or functional identification in mice. This study takes advantage of the progeny of mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase (Cre-ERT2) under the Aicda promoter crossed with Rosa26-loxP-tdTomato reporter mice (AID Cre -Rosa26 tdTomato ) to monitor B cells having undergone activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated somatic hypermutation (SHM) following neurotropic coronavirus infection. AID detection via tdTomato expression allowed tracking of virus-specific ASC and Bmem in priming and effector sites throughout infection. In draining lymph nodes, tdTomato-positive (tdTomato + ) ASC were most prevalent prior to germinal center (GC) formation, but total tdTomato + B cells only peaked with robust GC formation at day 14 p.i. Moreover, their proportion of Bmem dominated over the proportion of ASC throughout infection. In the CNS, tdTomato + cells started emerging at day 14 p.i. While they initially comprised mainly Bmem, the proportions of ASC and Bmem became similar as tdTomato + B cells increased throughout viral persistence. Delayed tamoxifen treatment demonstrated ongoing CNS recruitment of tdTomato + B cells, mainly ASC, primed late during GC reactions. Overall, the data support the idea that virus-induced B cells exhibiting SHM require peripheral GC formation to emerge in the CNS. Ongoing GC reactions and regional signals further regulate dynamics within the CNS, with preferential maintenance of tdTomato + B cells in spinal cords relative to that in brains during viral persistence. IMPORTANCE The prevalence and role of antigen-specific Bmem in the CNS during viral encephalomyelitis is largely undefined. A lack of reliable markers identifying murine Bmem has made it difficult to assess their contribution to local antiviral protection via antigen presentation or conversion to ASC. Using reporter mice infected with neurotropic coronavirus to track virus-specific Bmem and ASC, this report demonstrates that both subsets only emerge in the CNS following peripheral GC formation and subsequently prevail. While early GC reactions supported preferential Bmem accumulation in the CNS, late GC reactions favored ASC accumulation, although Bmem outnumbered ASC in draining lymph nodes throughout infection. Importantly, virus-specific B cells undergoing sustained GC selection were continually recruited to the persistently infected CNS. Elucidating the factors governing temporal events within GCs, as well as regional CNS cues during viral persistence, will aid intervention to modulate CNS humoral responses in the context of infection and associated autoimmune pathologies.
TCTAP C-029 Primary PCI in LAD with Large Thrombus Burden - My Combat Strategy

### Patient Initials or Identifier Number Mr. X ### Relevant Clinical History and Physical Exam A 47-year-old hypertensive, non-diabetic, nonsmoker gentleman approached our emergency with retrosternal compressive chest pain radiating to left upper arm for 3 hours with profuse sweating. Immediate
Tumor cell-organized fibronectin is required to maintain a dormant breast cancer population

Abstract Tumors can undergo long periods of dormancy, with cancer cells entering a largely quiescent, non-proliferative state before reactivation and outgrowth. For a patient, these post-remission tumors are often drug resistant and highly aggressive, resulting in poor prognosis. To understand the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating tumor dormancy, we created an in vitro cell culture system that combines carefully controlled ECM substrates with nutrient deprivation to observe entrance into and exit from dormancy with live imaging. We saw that cell populations capable of surviving entrance into long-term dormancy were heterogeneous, containing quiescent, cell cycle arrested, and actively proliferating cells. Cell populations that endured extended periods of serum-deprivation-induced dormancy formed an organized, fibrillar fibronectin matrix via αvβ3 and α5β1 integrin adhesion, ROCK-generated tension, and TGFβ2 stimulation. We surmised that the fibronectin matrix was primarily a mediator of cell survival, not proliferation, during the serum-deprivation stress, bacause cancer cell outgrowth after dormancy required MMP-2-mediated fibronectin degradation. Given the difficulty of animal models in observing entrance and exit from dormancy in real-time, we propose this approach as a new, in vitro method to study factors important in regulating dormancy, and we used it here to elucidate a role for fibronectin deposition and MMP activation.
Randomized phase II trial of multipeptide vaccination with or without a single pre-vaccine dose of denileukin diftitox in advanced melanoma.

2582 Background: The efficacy of immunotherapy approaches such as vaccines in melanoma appears limited, in part, due to immune suppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. One of these mec...
Development of a computational modeling laboratory for examining tobacco control policies: Tobacco Town

A key focus of recent policy efforts to curb tobacco product usage has been the role of place-specifically the density of retail and advertising and the resulting spatial pattern of access and exposure for consumers. Policies can alter the environment by reducing density or shifting distribution of tobacco retail and thus limiting access and exposure. Since little empirical evidence exists for the potential impact of these policies across potentially heterogeneous places, we develop and apply an original spatial computational model to simulate place-based retail tobacco control policies. The model is well-grounded in theory and available empirical evidence. We apply the model in four representative settings to demonstrate the utility of this approach as a policy laboratory, to develop general insights on the relationship between retailer density, retail interventions, and tobacco costs incurred by consumers, and to provide a framework to guide future modeling and empirical studies. Our results suggest that the potential impact on costs of reducing tobacco retailer density are highly dependent on context. Projected impacts are also influenced by assumptions made about agent (smoker) purchasing decision-making processes. In the absence of evidence in this area, we tested and compared three alternative decision rules; these interact with environmental properties to produce different results. Agent properties, namely income and cigarettes per day, also shape purchasing patterns before and after policy interventions. We conclude that agent-based modeling in general, and Tobacco Town specifically, hold much potential as a platform for testing and comparing the impact of various retail-based tobacco policies across different communities. Initial modeling efforts uncover important gaps in both data and theory and can provide guidance for new empirical studies in tobacco control.
The test point offset corrosion of grounding network fault diagnosis methods

In order to solve the impact of test point offset on the grounding network corrosion fault diagnosis results, Simulate offset conditions using PSCAD, Comparative analysis of fault diagnosis results of fully measurable branches. Find the law that implies it and propose a method of calculating the test points at different offset levels. According to the method, the original large-change sensitivity nonlinear fault diagnosis mathematical model and the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm are improved. Simulation experiments show that the improved fault diagnosis algorithm is accurate and effective for solving the grounding grid corrosion diagnosis problem of test point offset.
Efficacy of androgen receptor antagonists in combination with androgen deprivation therapy in nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published phase III randomized controlled trials.

e17606Background: Nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) often heralds metastatic disease which is responsible for majority of the morbidity and mortality associated with pros...
Examining the Psychological Help-Seeking Attitudes of Chinese Immigrants in the U.S.

Help-seeking attitudes have been found to be a strong predictor for help-seeking intentions and behaviors. Previous research on factors influencing help-seeking attitudes in Chinese individuals has been inconclusive. In this paper, we propose a mediation model to clarify the relationships amongst the variables impacting help-seeking attitudes. Using path analyses, we found that self-stigma mediated the relationship between years of residence and help-seeking attitudes, above and beyond the influence of previous experience with a mental health professional. These results can equip counselors with useful information for better outreach initiatives.
Abstract 16771: Longitudinal Segmental Shape Analysis of the Remodeling Left Ventricle in Chronic Mitral Regurgitation

Introduction: Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) initiates left ventricular (LV) dilatation, but preserves systolic function. Due to preserved EF, patients are not referred for correction of their MR...
Climate Change Law

Climate Change Law: Concepts & Insights (Foundation Press 2017) is the first book to provide a cogent synthesis of the legal system’s response to climate change. The book is written to be accessible to law students and others who are not experts in environmental or energy law. But it will also provide specialists with important insights into areas aligned with their own, such as introducing international law experts to energy issues and energy law experts to climate science and economics. Climate Change Law provides crisp introductions to U.S. energy regulation, the Clean Air Act, and federalism, as they bear on climate change regulation. The book also covers topic that are directly relevant for the United States but transcend any one country. Those topics include overviews of climate science, the economics of climate change, regulatory tools such as emissions trading, geo-engineering, climate adaptation, and international climate agreements. The book’s goals are not merely to survey this broad body of law, but also to highlight broad themes that cross multiple areas of law. One such key theme involves the severe collective action problems posed by climate change. A related theme is the need for institutional adaptation to enable a host of governmental actors to respond more effectively to this unprecedented global challenge.
Reducing corrosion of additive manufactured magnesium alloys by interlayer ultrasonic peening

Abstract Additive manufad (AM) magn alloys corrode rapidly due to tensile stress and coarse microstructures. Cyclically combining (hybridizing) additive manufacturing with interlayer ultrasonic peening was proposed as a solution to improve corrosion resistance of additive manufactured magnesium WE43 alloy through strengthening mechanisms and compressive residual stress. Applying interlayer peening work hardened discrete layers and formed a glocal integrity of regional grain refinement and subsurface compressive residual stress barriers. Tensile residual stress that typically accelerates corrosion decreased 90%. Results showed time-resolved control over corrosion was attainable by interlayer peening, and local corrosion within print cells decreased 57% with respect to as-printed WE43.
When Knowledge Work and Analytical Technologies Collide: The Practices and Consequences of Black Boxing Algorithmic Technologies:

Analytical technologies that structure and process data hold great promise for organizations but also may pose fundamental challenges for how knowledge workers accomplish tasks. Knowledge workers a...
Challenges to Sacred Texts

“Challenges to Sacred Texts” This chapter considers, in general terms, some standard difficulties that defenders of revealed texts must face. Using specific examples, Lorkowski draws out Problems of Selection and Transmission, which involve the human influences and errors made in getting the texts to the forms that we possess today, as well as the many factual errors and contradictions that must be dealt with. The morals that the author draws from such problems are first that the evidence provided by these texts is inadequate to change or impugn the position of nonbelievers and second, that the believer must jettison a literalist position and instead seek a holistic, reasoned interpretation of the text if they are to find value in it.
Eosinophilia in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Eosinophilia is not uncommonly encountered in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), particularly at initiation of care or among those with advanced disease. The clinical manifestation most commonly associated with eosinophilia in this patient population is skin rash. Management of these patients is challenging due to a paucity of data evaluating diagnostic testing and therapeutic strategies. Patients born in or with significant travel to parasite-endemic countries are more likely to have tissue-invasive helminthes, such as Strongyloides or Schistosoma. Patients without such risk factors are unlikely to have parasitic infections and frequently will have self-resolution of eosinophilia. When a detailed history, physical exam, and diagnostic work-up are unrevealing, we sometimes consider empirical therapy with ivermectin. Praziquantel may also be considered for those at risk for schistosomiasis.
Investigation and Prosecution

This chapter will provide an overview of the investigatory and adjudicatory process at the International Criminal Court, including the gathering of evidence, witness protection, and the mechanics of the trial process. The chapter will also summarize the nine situations currently under investigation. The challenges of controlling the investigation of an uncooperative government, as well as the special obstacles faced by defense counsel are included. The role that victims play in criminal proceedings is an additional emphasis of this chapter. As an effort to promote the restorative goals of the transitional and post-conflict justice movement, victims have legal representation and a formal role in the trial proceeding.
Epidural Bovine Pericardium Facilitates Dissection During Cranioplasty: A Technical Note.

Background and Objective Adhesions and scarring of the subcutaneous tissue to the dura mater or dural substitute often complicate cranioplasty. We present our experience with epidural bovine pericardium as a barrier membrane to minimize adhesions and facilitate separation of tissue layers. Methods A cohort of patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy and subsequent cranioplasty at a major academic institution in the United States from August 2007 to October 2013 and had epidural bovine pericardium placed as a barrier membrane was retrospectively reviewed. Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed for a number of variables including presence of adhesions, infection, contusions, and operative complications. Results Twenty-nine patients (male-to-female = 1:1.1; mean age 45 ± 14.7 years) who underwent decompressive craniectomy with placement of epidural bovine pericardium with subsequent cranioplasty were identified. The median interval between craniectomy and cranioplasty was 64 days, and autologous bone was used for cranioplasty in 86.2% of cases. The average size of cranial defect was 71.2 ± 28.5 cm 2 . At the time of cranioplasty, no or minimal adhesions were found between the subcutaneous tissue and the epidural bovine pericardium. There were 2 (6.9%) infections, 2 (6.9%) patients had contusion after the cranioplasty, and no patient had a complication after cranioplasty that required reoperation. Conclusions Epidural bovine pericardium at the time of decompressive craniectomy facilitates dissection at the time of cranioplasty and is not associated with any additional risks.
Triggering of tsunamigenic aftershocks from large strike‐slip earthquakes: Analysis of the November 2000 New Ireland earthquake sequence

[1] The November 2000 New Ireland earthquake sequence started with a Mw = 8.0 left-lateral main shock on 16 November and was followed by a series of aftershocks with primarily thrust mechanisms. The earthquake sequence was associated with a locally damaging tsunami on the islands of New Ireland and nearby New Britain, Bougainville, and Buka. Results from numerical tsunami-propagation models of the main shock and two of the largest thrust aftershocks (Mw > 7.0) indicate that the largest tsunami was caused by an aftershock located near the southeastern termination of the main shock, off the southern tip of New Ireland (Aftershock 1). Numerical modeling and tide gauge records at regional and far-field distances indicate that the main shock also generated tsunami waves. Large horizontal displacements associated with the main shock in regions of steep bathymetry accentuated tsunami generation for this event. Most of the damage on Bougainville and Buka Islands was caused by focusing and amplification of tsunami energy from a ridge wave between the source region and these islands. Modeling of changes in the Coulomb failure stress field caused by the main shock indicate that Aftershock 1 was likely triggered by static stress changes, provided the fault was on or synthetic to the New Britain interplate thrust as specified by the Harvard CMT mechanism. For other possible focal mechanisms of Aftershock 1 and the regional occurrence of thrust aftershocks in general, evidence for static stress change triggering is not as clear. Other triggering mechanisms such as changes in dynamic stress may also have been important. The 2000 New Ireland earthquake sequence provides evidence that tsunamis caused by thrust aftershocks can be triggered by large strike-slip earthquakes. Similar tectonic regimes that include offshore accommodation structures near large strike-slip faults are found in southern California, the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, along the Queen Charlotte fault in British Columbia, and near the Alpine fault of New Zealand. Results from this study and previous stress modeling studies suggest that the likelihood of local tsunamis in these regions may significantly increase after a great strike-slip earthquake.