cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who wins, who learns? Exploring gameful pedagogy as a technique to support student differences

Gameful pedagogy is a novel approach to teaching that has emerged in the past decade that emphasizes intentionally designing curricula to support student motivation. In this study we investigate how five gameful courses at a large R1 university have impacted students when analyzed with an eye towards equity: are men vs women, underrepresented minorities vs majority students, and first-generation students vs traditional students able to achieve similar amounts of success in gameful courses? Results show that for both men and minority students, there is evidence to suggest they are underachieving in the courses studied as compared to women and majority students, but when we control for prior academic performance these trends disappear. For first-generation students, we see conflicting evidence, with cases of both under and over-achievement present. We again see these discrepancies disappear when we control for prior performance.
Tea War: A History of Capitalism in China and India: by Andrew B. Liu, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2020, 344 pp., £28.99 (hardback), ISBN 9780300243734

In Tea War, Andrew Liu offers an impressive and insightful examination of the tea production competition between China and India in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In many ways, Liu i...
Hinčin’s Theorem for Additive Free Convolutions of Tracial R-Diagonal $$*$$ ∗ -Distributions

Hincin proved that any limit law associated with a triangular array of uniformly infinitesimal random variables is infinitely divisible. Analogous results for the additive and multiplicative free convolution were proved by Bercovici, Belinschi and Pata. We prove an analogous result for the $$\boxplus _{RD}$$ convolution of measures defined on the positive half-line. This is the convolution arising from the addition of $$*$$ -free R-diagonal elements of a tracial, noncommutative probability space.
Diverse Roles of Agrobacterium Ti Plasmid-Borne Genes in the Formation and Colonization of Plant Tumors

This chapter describes the various steps in plant colonization, including binding of the bacteria to host cells, recognition of diffusible host-released chemical signals, and processing and transfer of oncogenic DNA (T-DNA). It includes a discussion on the utilization of tumor-released compounds called opines and on the horizontal transfer of the Ti plasmid. Species of Agrobacterium have been classified primarily by their phytopathogenic properties, which are largely due to differences in plasmid content. With respect to chromosomally encoded properties, A. rubi and A. vitis are well-defined separate taxa whereas A. tumefaciens, A. radiobacter, and A. rhizogenes are not. The most thoroughly studied A. tumefaciens strains contain either octopine-type or nopaline-type Ti plasmids. Virtually all genes found on Ti plasmids play direct or indirect roles in some aspect of crown gall tumorigenesis or tumor colonization. VirD4 is absolutely required for transfer and pilus formation. Some members of the vir regulon are not essential for tumorigenesis and may play other roles in pathogenesis. Since Ti plasmids encode both TraI and TraR, each conjugal donor takes a census of other donors rather than of recipients. It is a challenge even to speculate about the adaptive value of such a system. The observation that two opines regulate conjugation in opposite ways is equally perplexing.
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor mRNA Is Stabilized in Airway Eosinophils and Peripheral Blood Eosinophils Activated by TNF-α Plus Fibronectin

Airway eosinophils show prolonged in vitro survival compared with peripheral blood eosinophils (PBEos). Recent studies have shown that autocrine production and release of GM-CSF is responsible for enhanced survival, but the mechanisms controlling cytokine production remain obscure. We compared GM-CSF mRNA decay in eosinophils from bronchoalveolar lavage (BALEos) after allergen challenge or from PBEos. BALEos showed prolonged survival in vitro (60% at 4 days) and expressed GM-CSF mRNA. The enhanced survival of BALEos was 75% inhibited at 6 days by neutralizing anti-GM-CSF Ab. Based on transfection studies, GM-CSF mRNA was 2.5 times more stable in BALEos than in control PBEos. Treatment of PBEos with fibronectin and TNF-α increased their in vitro survival, GM-CSF mRNA expression, and GM-CSF mRNA stability to a comparable level as seen in BALEos. These data suggest that TNF-α plus fibronectin may increase eosinophil survival in vivo by controlling GM-CSF production at a posttranscriptional level.
Deregulation of commercial TV in the USA: Control by government or market

Abstract Following the FCC's decision to partially deregulate radio, attention is now focusing on the possibility of television deregulation. The authors review the radio deregulation decision and apply similar criteria to television. Debate centres around government v marketplace control; the extent to which stations meet FCC standards for information, local and total non-entertainment programming; and, the effect of deregulation on provision of non-entertainment programming. The real question is when should deregulation take place. The authors suggest that the FCC and Congress should pave the way for deregulation by encouraging competition.
Bullying and victimization among African American adolescents: A literature review

TOPIC: Bullying among African American adolescents. PURPOSE: This article reviews the current literature on bullying and victimization among African American adolescents. It highlights bullying and violence disparity among African American adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, and effects of bullying on adolescent health. SOURCES USED: Twenty-three English language peer-reviewed articles from CINAHL, Pubmed, and Psyc-INFO databases. CONCLUSION: African American adolescents have higher rates of bullying and victimization compared to other adolescent populations. This review found strong associations among bullying involvement, substance abuse, and family factors. Bullying also had a significant impact on adolescent health, particularly psychological symptoms and school performance. Language: en
Performance of the helium II Dewar subsystem for the Spacelab 2 infrared telescope.

The 250 liter flight Dewar of the scanning Infrared Telescope (IRT) for Spacelab 2 shuttle flight has undergone cryogenic testing with helium II under thermal conditions simulating flight operation. The thermal performance tests show that lifetime is more than adequate to provide the 2K environment required by the infrared detectors. This paper presents data obtained during the thermal performance testing. Data was taken on helium flow rates and vapor cooled shield temperatures as a function of time. The data shows the approach to equilibrium after filling and conversion operations.
What is an effective schedule

Parallel algorithms are more difficult to analyze than sequential algorithms, in part because one has to account for communication between the processors in addition to the usual measures of time and space. To find meaningful lower bounds on communication, one has to restrict the kinds of schedules that are examined. The authors show that the traditional equal work restriction is insufficient, but they use it as a starting point, and, by successively refining their intuitive notions of what good and bad schedules are, they come up with the concept of an effective schedule. They then show that a communication/time tradeoff result which has been shown by Papadimitriou and Ullman for the diamond directed acyclic graph (DAG) (SIAM J. of Comput. vol.16, no.4, p.639-46, 1987) and Jayasimha and Loui for the triangular solver DAG (Tech. Rep.629, CSRD, Illinois Univ., Mar.1988) occurs with ineffective schedules. >
Resilience Training: A Pilot Study of a Mindfulness-Based Program with Depressed Healthcare Professionals.

Context Mindfulness-based programs have been primarily used to target anxiety or the prevention of relapse in recurrent depression; however, limited research has been conducted on the use of mindfulness programs for relief of current depressive symptoms. Objective To investigate the potential effect of resilience training (RT) on symptom relief for current or recurrent depression, and other psychological/behavioral outcomes. Design Wait-list comparison pilot study. Setting Penny George Institute for Health and Healing, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN. Participants A total of 40 actively working healthcare professionals age 18–65 years. Intervention RT is an eight-week mindfulness-based program that synergizes elements of mindfulness meditation with nutrition and exercise. The first 20 consecutive individuals meeting all eligibility criteria were assigned to the RT group. The next 20 consecutive eligible individuals were placed into the wait-list control group and had an eight-week waiting period before starting the RT program. Outcome Measures Psychological/behavioral outcomes were measured before and after completion of the RT program and two months after completion. Wait-list participants also had measures taken just before starting on the wait-list. Results The RT group exhibited a 63–70% ( P ≤ .01) reduction in depression, a 48% ( P ≤ .01) reduction in stress, a 23% ( P ≤ .01) reduction in trait anxiety, and a 52% ( P ≤ .01) reduction in presenteeism (a per-employee savings of $1846 over the eight-week program). All outcomes were statistically significantly different from the wait-list group. Most improvements persisted up to two months after completion of the RT program. Conclusions Further replication with a larger sample size, and enhanced control group is warranted.
The interval inclusion number of a partially ordered set

Abstract A containment representation for a poset P is a map ƒ such that x y in P if and only if ƒ(x) ⊂ ƒ(y) . We introduce the interval inclusion number (or interval number ) i ( P ) as the smallest t such that P has a containment representation f in which each f ( x ) is the union of at most t intervals. Trivially, i ( P )=1 if and only if dim( P )⩽2. Posets with i ( P )=2 include the standard n -dimensional poset and all interval orders; i.e. posets of arbitrarily high dimension. In general we have the upper bound i(P) ⩽ ⌈; dim (P) 2 ⌉ , with equality holding for the Boolean algebras. For lexicographic composition, i ( P ) = k and dim( Q ) = 2 k + 1 imply i ( P [ Q ]) = k + 1. This result and i ( B 2 k ) = k imply that testing i ( P ) ⩽ k for any fixed k ⩾ 2 is NP-complete. Concerning removal theorems, we prove that i ( P − x ) ⩾ i ( P ) − 1 when x is a maximal or minimal element of P , and in general i(P − x) ⩾ i(P) 2 .
Evidence that the exoH gene of Sinorhizobium meliloti does not appear to influence symbiotic effectiveness with Medicago truncatula 'Jemalong A17'.

The purpose of this study was to identify strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti that formed either an effective or completely ineffective symbiosis with Medicago truncatula L. ‘Jemalong A17’ and, subsequently, to determine whether differences existed between their exoH genes. Sinorhizobium meliloti TII7 and A5 formed an effective and ineffective symbiosis with M. truncatula ‘Jemalong A17’, respectively. Using a multilocus sequence typing method, both strains were shown to have chromosomes identical with S. meliloti Rm1021 and RCR2011. The 2260-bp segments of DNA stretching from the 3′ end of exoI through open reading frames of hypothetical proteins SM_b20952 and SM_b20953 through exoH into the 5′ end of exoK in strains TII7 and Rm1021 differed by a single nucleotide at base 127 of the hypothetical protein SM_b20953. However, the derived amino acid sequences of the exoH genes of effective TII7, ineffective A5, and strain Rm1021 were shown to be identical with each other. Therefore, it would seem unlikely that ...
Presidential Partisanship Reconsidered: Eisenhower, Nixon, Ford, and the Rise of Polarized Politics

Extant research has given little consideration to the conditions under which presidential partisan behavior might vary. This has undermined comparative analyses and obscured important partisan behaviors in earlier periods simply because they took unfamiliar forms. This article develops theoretical expectations to aid in the detection of different varieties of presidential partisanship. Illustrative case studies then examine one type—sub-rosa partisanship—observed in the Eisenhower, Nixon, and Ford presidencies. Though not overt partisan displays like those that are common today, their efforts to build southern party organizations made important contributions to American political development and to evolving modes of presidential partisanship.
Parallel computation of 3-D Navier-Stokes flowfields for supersonic vehicles

Multidisciplinary design optimization of aircraft will require unprecedented capabilities of both analysis software and computer hardware. The speed and accuracy of the analysis will depend heavily on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) module which is used. A new CFD module has been developed to combine the robust accuracy of conventional codes with the ability to run on parallel architectures. This is achieved by parallelizing the ARC3D algorithm, a central-differenced Navier-Stokes method, on the Intel iPSC/860. The computed solutions are identical to those from conventional machines. Computational speed on 64 processors is comparable to the rate on one Cray Y-MP processor and will increase as new generations of parallel computers become available.
Why Have Child Maltreatment and Child Victimization Declined

Various forms of child maltreatment and child victimization declined as much as 40‐70% from 1993 until 2004, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, sexual assault, homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and larceny. Other child welfare indicators also improved during the same period, including teen pregnancy, teen suicide, and children living in poverty. This article reviews a wide variety of possible explanations for these changes: demography, fertility and abortion legalization, economic prosperity, increased incarceration of offenders, increased agents of social intervention, changing social norms and practices, the dissipation of the social changes from the 1960s, and psychiatric pharmacology. Multiple factors probably contributed. In particular, economic prosperity, increasing agents of social intervention, and psychiatric pharmacology have advantages over some of the other explanations in accounting for the breadth and timing of the improvements. The worrisome stories about crimes against children that regularly fill the media have unfortunately obscured some more positive news from the statistical reports on these same offenses. Child victimization of various types has been declining since the early 1990s, in some cases declining dramatically. Facts about the Decline
Model experiments for the interfacial reaction between polymers during reactive polymer blending

Bilayer film Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) model experiments are designed to provide a well-defined interface for study which can be probed by infrared spectroscopy during the interdiffusion and reaction of two reactive polymers. This provides a model experiment to determine the kinetics and extent of reaction between functionalized polymers during reactive polymer blending. This type of experiment provides data on the reaction at a stagnant interface which is necessary for the analysis of the interface while it is simultaneously undergoing deformation. It is also useful as a screening or preliminary experiment on reactive blending systems in that the extent of reaction may be followed for different systems at different temperatures. Experiments reported here trace the reaction of a styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer with two different amine terminated polymers. Results are obtained for the interdiffusion and reaction of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer with two amine terminated polymers: a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer and Nylon 11. The kinetics from these experiments include contributions due to both interdiffusion and chemical reaction. The chemical reaction kinetics may be isolated from the diffusion kinetics by performing experiments on well-mixed systems which are prepared by casting films of the polymer mixtures from a mutual solvent. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
What is tensor analysis

Although a powerful analytical engineering tool, tensor analysis has been supposed by many to be an abstract toy used only by the mathematician and the theoretical physicist. This article, written by a mathematician, is intended to present the rudiments of the subject, and to point the way toward further study and a working knowledge of tensors in engineering. Readers who feel that mathematical subjects cannot be exposed in an entertaining — or even amusing — fashion may find in this article something of a surprise.
Life at the borders: habits, addictions and self-control

Borders are set up to define the places that are safe and unsafe, to distinguish us from them. A border is a dividing line, a narrow strip along a steep edge. A borderland is a vague and undetermined place created by the emotional residue of an unnatural boundary. It is in a constant state of transition. The prohibited and forbidden are its inhabitants. Los attravesados live here: the squint-eyed, the perverse, the queer, the troublesome, the mongrel, the mulatto, the half-breed, the half-dead; in short, those who cross over, pass over, or go through the confines of the ‘normal’. (Anzaldua 1987) Then I came to realize that men build themselves personalities as they build houses - to protect themselves from the world. But once they have built a house, they are forced to live in it. They become its prisoners. (Wilson 1956)
Ph ADJUSTMENT CONTROL OF OXIDATIVE OFF‐FLAVORS DURING GRINDING OF RAW LEGUME SEEDS

SUMMARY— Grinding dry California Small White beans or Lee soybeans under acid conditions inhibited lipoxidase in the seeds and resulted in bland legume slurries and “milks.” Sensory evaluation and gas chromatography were used to determine the effect of processing method on flavor. Off-flavor development was suppressed at pH 3.85 and below; acidification to about pH 2.0 was necessary to obtain maximum protein extraction in the preparation of legume “milk.” Acceptable bland products were obtained from the slurries by neutralization after heating.
Influence of α-CH→NH Substitution in C8-CoA on the Kinetics of Association and Dissociation of Ligands with Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase†

We previously reported that the kinetic profiles for the association and dissociation of functionally diverse C8-CoA-ligands, viz., octanoyl-CoA (substrate), octenoyl-CoA (product), and octynoyl-CoA (inactivator) with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), were essentially identical, suggesting that the protein conformational changes played an essential role during ligand binding and/or catalysis [Peterson, K. L., Sergienko, E. E., Wu, Y., Kumar, N. R., Strauss, A. W., Oleson, A. E., Muhonen, W. W., Shabb, J. B., and Srivastava, D. K. (1995) Biochemisry 34, 14942−14953]. To ascertain the structural basis of the above similarity, we investigated the kinetics of association and dissociation of α-CH→NH-substituted C8-CoA, namely, 2-azaoctanoyl-CoA, with the recombinant form of human liver MCAD. The rapid-scanning and single wavelength stopped-flow data for the binding of 2-azaoctanoyl-CoA to MCAD revealed that the overall interaction proceeds via two steps. The first (fast) step involves the formation o...
Uptake of waterborne tributyltin in the brain of fish: axonal transport as a proposed mechanism.

In previous studies, it was shown that waterborne Hg(II), Cd(II), and Mn(II) enter nerves innervating water-exposed sensory organs of fish and are transported to the brain by axonal transport. However, it is not known if organometals, such as tributyltin (TBT), can reach the brain of fish via the same route. In this work, we exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to waterborne [ 113 Sn]-TBT (4.2 kBq/ L). Three fish were sampled after a 2-week exposure, and three others were sampled after a 2-week depuration period. Another group of four fish received an intravenous injection of [ 113 Sn]-TBT and were sampled after 2 and 14 d. Distribution of the radiolabel was visualized and quantified by quantitative whole-body autoradiography. The brain accumulated a significant amount of 113 Sn, with hot spots being found in parts receiving sensory nerves from water-exposed sensory organs, such as eminentia granulares (lateral lines organs). Labeling of the brain was also seen for i.v.-injected fish, indicating that the blood-brain barrier is not impervious to TBT or its metabolites. Nevertheless, the distribution of radioactivity in the brain was much more uniform, with no evident hot spot. Though the transfer [water → gills → blood stream → blood-brain barrier → brain] may account for a certain proportion of the radiolabel accumulation in fish brain, exposure to [ 113 Sn]-TBT via water resulted in higher accumulation in some areas of the brain, of which the specific location strongly suggests that it was taken up in different water-exposed sensory nerve terminals and transported directly to the brain by axonal transport, as the parent compound or as a metabolite. The resulting local enhancement of the accumulation of butyltins might jeopardize the integrity of nervous system. Further work is needed to assess the toxicological significance of this process.
The concept of medical professionalism as for self-employed physicians in Korea

M professionalism in Korea is underdeveloped because of a strong state that has been in place for the past one hundred years. If the government actively controls policies and regulates the professional associations under state corporatism, deterioration of professionalism is inevitable. The current medical insurance in Korea is unified as a monopsony, but it is not the ‘bipartite corporatism’ between the government and the medical profession such as the National Health Services (NHS) in Britain. All insurance matters related to a physician’s practice, including standards of treatment and the physician’s reimbursement, are handled by the government. Therefore, the authority of medical expertise is subordinate to the authority of the government agency, and physicians are forced to follow the goals and policies that are set by the government. Physicians' professional ethics are the core of their occupational control. The declaration of “Codes of Ethics” by the Korean Medical Association, before it was revised in April 2006, defined a “sincere fulfillment in practicing medicine” as a full duty of the physician's life. If this declaration was intended to be interpreted literally, all physicians in Korea could be asked to pursue identical lives with the same goals as their professional life as a physician. If it was not intended to be interpreted literally, then physicians may develop their own ethical approaches according to their individual perspectives on life. The former case is an unethical form of state control while; the latter case would make legitimate occupational regulation impossible. The ideal of medical service is an institutional attribute of an occupation and not a duty of an individual’s life. Therefore, it should be possible for physicians to work under an occupational control that requires specific standards for the members of the profession and embodies their professional values.
MHC-restricted protection of cats against FIV infection by adoptive transfer of immune cells from FIV-vaccinated donors.

Abstract The role of cellular immunity in vaccine protection against FIV infection was evaluated using adoptive cell transfer studies. Specific-pathogen-free cats received two adoptive transfers of washed blood cells from either vaccinated or unvaccinated donors with varying MHC compatibility at 1-week intervals, and a homologous FIV Pet challenge 1 day after the first adoptive transfer. FIV-specific CTL, IFN-γ production, and proliferation responses were detected in the PBMC from the vaccinated donors. Seven of eleven (64%) recipients of cells from half-matched/vaccinated donors remained negative for FIV-antibodies after FIV challenge and four of those were completely protected. Two of two recipients of cells from MHC-identical/vaccinated donors were completely protected. All recipients of cells from unrelated/vaccinated, half-matched/unvaccinated, or unrelated/unvaccinated donors were unprotected. Thus, protection mediated by adoptive transfer of immunocytes from vaccinated cats was MHC-restricted, occurred in the absence of antiviral humoral immunity, and correlated with the transfer of cells with FIV-specific CTL and T-helper activities.
An autoradiographic study of the mouse olfactory epithelium: Evidence for long-lived receptors

In order to try to determine whether differentiated olfactory receptors turn over (die and are replaced by newly differentiated cells) during adult life, mice were injected with a single dose of 3H-thymidine at either 2 or 4 months of age and allowed to survive for up to 12 months; they were caged in a laminar flow unit to prevent rhinitis. Counts of labeled receptor cells detected autoradiographically after injection at 2 months of age revealed that, following an initial decrease from 1 to 3 months of survival, numbers of labeled cells remained approximately constant, at least up to 12 months of survival. Cells still labeled at 12 months of survival were confirmed as receptor cells by electron microscopic examination of reembedded sections. The hypothesis is suggested that in the absence of disease-related destruction of the olfactory epithelium, most or all receptor cell turnover represents newly formed cells that fail to establish synapses with the olfactory bulb; fully differentiated receptor cells may be quite long-lived.
Grain protein variability among species of Triticum and Aegilops: quantitative SDS-PAGE studies

Total proteins were extracted from degermed seeds of various species of Triticum and Aegilops with solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and mercaptoethanol. The reduced, dissociated proteins were fractionated according to molecular weight (MW) by high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in buffers containing SDS (SDS-PAGE). Stained SDS-PAGE patterns were measured by densitometric scanning over a suitable range of optical density. The data were normalized to equivalent total areas for each of the densitometric scans by means of a computer program that also permitted the construction of patterns of hypothetical amphiploids by averaging patterns of two or three diploid species. The grain proteins of most species examined had distinctive qualitative and quantitative aspects that were characteristic of the species even though nearly every accession or cultivar of a species exhibited at least minor differences in pattern from other accessions or cultivars. The main protein components (probably prolamins) of Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum, T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, T. urartu, and Aegilops squarrosa had MW's in the range 29–36 X 103 whereas the most important components of Ae. speltoides, Ae. longissima, and Ae. searsii had MW's in the range 37–55 × 103. Changes in the quantitative expression of particular genes, especially those coding for storage protein components, may have been associated with speciation. The strong predominance of proteins with MW's in the range 29–36 × 103 in some accessions of AB genome tetraploids, such as T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, may indicate contributions to the B genome of these tetraploids by T. monococcum ssp. boeoticum, T. urartu, or Ae. squarrosa.
Force and flow transition in plowed granular media

We use plate drag to study the response of granular media to localized forcing as a function of volume fraction $\ensuremath{\phi}$. A bifurcation in the force and flow occurs at the onset of dilatancy ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{c}$. Below ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{c}$ rapid fluctuations in the drag force ${F}_{D}$ are observed. Above ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{c}$ fluctuations in ${F}_{D}$ are periodic and increase in magnitude with $\ensuremath{\phi}$. Velocity field measurements indicate that the bifurcation in ${F}_{D}$ results from the formation of stable shear bands above ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{c}$ which are created and destroyed periodically during drag. A friction-based wedge flow model captures the dynamics for $\ensuremath{\phi}g{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{c}$.
Alterations in enzyme expression on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.

Abstract Several enzyme activities were examined to establish a relationship between their expression and terminal differentiation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to plasma cells by 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Although adenosine deaminase activity did not change significantly, thymidine phosphorylase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase increased 2–3-fold on TPA-induced differentiation of CLL cells. In addition, cytochemical reactions for non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase changed from very weak to intense on differentiation of CLL cells to plasma cells. The above markers, particularly cytochemical, could be useful for the classification of B-cell malignancies and for studying B-cell differentiation.
Spatial correlations and the insulating phase of the high-T(c) cuprates: insights from a configuration-interaction-based solver for dynamical mean field theory.

A recently proposed configuration-interaction-based impurity solver is used in combination with the single-site and four-site cluster dynamical mean field approximations to investigate the three-band copper oxide model believed to describe the electronic structure of high transition temperature copper-oxide superconductors. Use of the configuration interaction solver enables verification of the convergence of results with respect to the number of bath orbitals. The spatial correlations included in the cluster approximation substantially shift the metal-insulator phase boundary relative to the prediction of the single-site approximation and increase the predicted energy gap of the insulating phase by about 1 eV above the single-site result. Vertex corrections occurring in the four-site approximation act to dramatically increase the value of the optical conductivity near the gap edge, resulting in better agreement with the data. The calculations reveal two distinct correlated insulating states: the ``magnetically correlated insulator,'' in which nontrivial intersite correlations play an essential role in stabilizing the insulating state, and the strongly correlated insulator, in which local physics suffices. Comparison of the calculations to the data places the cuprates in the magnetically correlated Mott insulator regime.
Modeling the influence of optic flow on grid cell firing in the absence of other cues1.

Information from the vestibular, sensorimotor, or visual systems can affect the firing of grid cells recorded in entorhinal cortex of rats. Optic flow provides information about the rat’s linear and rotational velocity and, thus, could influence the firing pattern of grid cells. To investigate this possible link, we model parts of the rat’s visual system and analyze their capability in estimating linear and rotational velocity. In our model a rat is simulated to move along trajectories recorded from rat’s foraging on a circular ground platform. Thus, we preserve the intrinsic statistics of real rats’ movements. Visual image motion is analytically computed for a spherical camera model and superimposed with noise in order to model the optic flow that would be available to the rat. This optic flow is fed into a template model to estimate the rat’s linear and rotational velocities, which in turn are fed into an oscillatory interference model of grid cell firing. Grid scores are reported while altering the flow noise, tilt angle of the optical axis with respect to the ground, the number of flow templates, and the frequency used in the oscillatory interference model. Activity patterns are compatible with those of grid cells, suggesting that optic flow can contribute to their firing.
A Granular Core for Self-healing, Variable Modulus Sandwich Composites:

Sandwich composites that exhibit complete mechanical and geometric healing when subjected to three-point bending are realized using a novel, pressure-triggered granular core. The sandwich composites are constructed with fiberglass-reinforced, epoxy face sheets and a granular core consisting of noncohesive, glass microballoons. By controlling the granular core hydrostatic compression in the range of 0—0.083 MPa, the observed shear modulus of the core spanned nearly three orders of magnitude. Core compression is achieved by evacuating the interior of the sandwich structure and allowing the atmospheric pressure acting on the sandwich to compress the core. Although the compressed cores typically begin to yield near 1 % shear strain, the degenerate nature of the core allows for complete recovery of the modulus even after a large strain. By exploiting the inherent stiffness of the sandwich skin and the tunable modulus of the granular core, these sandwich composites are able to undergo healing cycles and completely recover both their mechanical and geometric properties.
A simplified method for assaying micromolar quantities of CO2

Abstract 1. 1. A rapid and inexpensive method is described for the determination of micromolar quantities of CO 2 . which is well suited for infrequent analysis of 50 or fewer samples, and which lends itself for use as an undergraduate laboratory exercise. 2. 2. The limits of resolution without elaborate precautions during sample preparation are 6 × 10 −7 equiv, but simple modifications would yield a resolution of ca . 1 × 10 −8 equiv. 3. 3. The method involves placing a small fluid sample (10–100μ1) in the center well of a modified Conway type microdiffusion dish, driving off the CO 2 via acidification and trapping the released carbon dioxide in barium hydroxide located within the chambers middle well. 4. 4. The quantity of CO 2 captured is determined by back titration, and bicarbonate levels extrapolated by application of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Airborne and spaceborne reconnaissance activities in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service

As pressure on our limited land base continues to increase, managers of public lands must have more accurate information within a shorter period of time in order to make logical, defensible decisions which are acceptable to members of the public. Remote sensing technology provides many tools required to gather much of the information required by decision makers. Some of the most heavily used tools are cameras, radar, and electro-optical scanners carried on airborne and spaceborne platforms. This overview provides a glimpse of aerial reconnaissance activities in the USDA Forest Service. Both personal knowledge and literature searches were used as references. Significant advances in sensors and applications have been made since 1985 and it is important for international civilian and military users to continue to cooperate in the acquisition and exploitation of airborne and spaceborne reconnaissance systems and products.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
El sermón catalán de San Vicente Ferrer sobre Santa María Magdalena

Vicent Ferrer is without question one of the most compelling and prolific Dominican preachers of the late Middle Ages. Although his preaching mission transpired in many places he especially carried out much of it in France. In France we witness, particularly in Provence, the emergence of the cult of Mary Magdalene that was vigorously promoted by the Dominicans. Vicent Ferrer not surprisingly dedicated this Catalan sermon to Mary Magdalene whom he proposed as a model of the Imitatio Christi for all Christians to follow, not just women in particular. This article seeks to situate this sermon in its late medieval context in order to unpack the theological and moral messages that Vicent sought to convey to his audience.
Parsimonious estimation of multiplicative interaction in analysis of variance using Kullback–Leibler Information

Abstract Many standard methods for modeling interaction in two-way ANOVA require mn interaction parameters, where m and n are the number of rows and columns in the table. By viewing the interaction parameters as a matrix and performing a singular value decomposition, one arrives at the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model which is commonly used in agriculture. By using only those interaction components with the largest singular values, one can produce an estimate of interaction that requires far fewer than mn parameters while retaining most of the explanatory power of standard methods. The central inference problems of estimating the parameters and determining the number of interaction components has been difficult except in “ideal” situations (equal cell sizes, equal variance, etc.). The Bayesian methodology developed in this paper applies for unequal sample sizes and heteroscedastic data, and may be easily generalized to more complicated data structures. We illustrate the proposed methodology with two examples.
Synthesis and antiestrogenic activity of 2,4-bis(bromomethyl)-estrone methyl ether∗: A bifunctional alkylating steroid

Abstract The synthesis of 2,4-bis(bromomethyl)estrone methyl ether was accomplished by reacting estrone methyl ether with formaldehyde and hydrogen bromide in s-tetrachloroethane. The compound readily reacts with cysteine, tryptophan and histidine in 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0. It also reacts with compounds containing sulfhydryl groups, such as 2-mercaptoethanol and the reduced form of 5,5'dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Structural analysis and stoichiometry of the reaction of the bromomethylsteroid with cysteine indicates that the title compound contains two reactive bromomethyl groups. The biological activity of the bromomethylsteroid was evaluated by analysis of its effect on uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity after administration into the uterine lumen of ovariectomized rats. While it lacked estrogenic activity, the compound did display an antiestrogenic effect that was both greater and more persistent than that of an equimolar quantity of estrone methyl ether.
Femtosecond laser induced ablation of crystalline silicon upon double beam irradiation

Abstract Ultra-short pulsed laser radiation has been shown to be effective for precision materials processing. Advantages include the non-thermal nature of ablation process and short thermal penetration depth. These are ideal characteristics for precision microstructuring and controlled ablation. A crystalline silicon sample is subjected to two optically separated ultra-fast laser pulses of full width half maximum (FWHM) duration of about 80 fs. These pulses are delivered at wavelength λ=800 nm by a solid-state laser pumped Ti:Al2O3 femtosecond oscillator seeding a regenerative amplifier. Femtosecond-resolved imaging pump-and-probe experiments in reflective and Schlieren configurations have been performed to investigate plasma dynamics and shock wave propagation during the sample ablation process.
Auditor liability: A comparison of judge and juror verdicts

Abstract This research examines differences between judges and jurors in rendering liability judgments in auditor litigation cases. While any number of case contexts would allow us to contrast and compare judges and jurors, we chose one that we believed would also address a second timely issue, auditor reliance or non-reliance upon the work of others. Within the general context of litigation of an alleged audit failure, we manipulated, between-participants, external auditor reliance on the work of others (relied on outsourced work, relied on in-house internal auditors’ work or did not rely). Our results show differences in the liability assessments of judges and jurors. Judges assign more liability to auditors that rely on the work of in-house internal auditors, less liability to auditors that rely on outsourced internal auditors and the least liability to auditors that choose not to rely on the work of internal auditors (but re-perform the work themselves) while jurors assess higher liability regardless of the work done by the auditors. Mediation analyses suggests the differences found in the overall liability assessments of jurors and judges are partially driven by their divergent attitudes towards the public accounting profession with jurors’ unfavorable attitudes leading to them assign liability regardless of the work performed. Further analysis suggests juror insensitivity to our reliance manipulations may reflect a strict liability perspective (consistent with prior work by Charron and Lowe (2008) ); while judges consider other factors when making liability assessments.
Observations on the thermopower of the high-Tc superconductors.

Measurements of the thermopower of the high-temperature superconductor ceramics in the normal state have generally shown a positive, almost temperature-independent Seebeck coefficient, which has been interpreted by several authors in terms of the correlated hopping of the carriers as would be found in the strong Coulomb interaction limit of the Hubbard model. In this case the thermopower has a contribution from spin entropy which can be quenched by a large magnetic field. On the contrary we measure a field-independent thermopower to 30 T. Moreover, in single crystals we find that the thermopower in the Cu-O planes is negative, while the perpendicular thermopower is positive.
Emotion framing: does it relate to children's emotion knowledge and social behavior?

This study examined the associations between maternal emotion framing and mother–child relationship quality and children's emotional and social competence. Sixty‐one mothers and their preschool children (33 boys) completed dyadic and individual measures. Observations were made of mother–child synchrony and maternal emotion framing. Children's emotion understanding and receptive vocabulary was assessed via individual interviews. Teachers reported on children's social skills. Results show that maternal emotion framing, particularly mildly positive framing, significantly contributes to children's emotion understanding. Children in higher quality relationships with their mothers had better emotion understanding. Therefore, support was found for the roles of relationship quality and maternal emotion framing in children's emotional competence. Unexpectedly, fewer significant associations were found between maternal emotion framing, synchrony and children's social competence. The implications of examining emotio...
Microelectrode measurements of the effects of basolateral adenosine in polarized human intestinal epithelial cells in culture.

Activation of the basolateral receptor for adenosine in HT-29cl.19A cells, by 100 µM adenosine, increased the equivalent short-circuit current (ΔIsc= 24±2 µA/cm2), depolarized the intracellular potential (ΔVa= 26±2 mV) and decreased the fractional apical membrane resistance (ΔfRa=–0.48). The changes in all parameters reached their peak values simultaneously. This suggests that the primary action of the adenosine-activated pathway is on only one membrane. Bumetanide inhibited the transepithelial response and repolarized the cell potential. After preincubation with 100 µM forskolin, application of 300 µM adenosine caused a significant further change in Va, Isc, the transepithelial potential (Vt) and fRa. Together with the results from ion-replacement studies, the observations indicate that adenosine activates channels other than the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The rank order of potencies of adenosine and adenosine analogues implies that the receptor is of the A2 subtype. Preincubation with 4-bromophenacyl bromide (4-BPB) inhibited the effect of an adenosine analogue by 50%, indicating that activation of phospholipase A2 may be involved in the adenosine-induced response.
Minilaparotomy for the ambulatory management of ovarian cysts.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and cost effectiveness of minilaparotomy for the outpatient surgical management of ovarian cysts. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four consecutive patients ≤50 years old with 28 complex or persistent ovarian cysts ≤10 cm in maximum size underwent cystectomy or oophorectomy by minilaparotomy. Bupivacaine hydrochloride was injected in the wounds and ketoralac tromethamine (Toradol) administered systemically. The ovaries were reconstructed. RESULTS: All 24 patients were discharged on the day of surgery. There were no readmissions. Mean operative time was 45 minutes. The only complication was a single case of urinary retention managed on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSION: Minilaparotomy is a safe, cost-effective alternative to laparoscopy for the outpatient surgical management of ovarian cysts.
A strategic framework for environmental and sustainable development in Nepal

Using the framework of Asta-Ja, meaning eight 'Ja' - Nepali letter 'Ja', Jal (water), Jamin (land), Jungle (forest), Jadibuti (medicinal and aromatic plants), Jansakti (manpower), Janawar (animals), Jarajuri (plants) and Jalabayu (climate) in Nepal, this paper assesses challenges and constraints, and presents a strategic framework for environmental and sustainable development in Nepal. Also, this paper underscores the need for the convergence and mutual reinforcement of environmental and economic policies for sustainable development, and emphasises the importance of system-based, participatory, interdisciplinary and holistic approaches in using the Asta-Ja framework to achieve sustainable long-term development in Nepal. By avoiding the need to retrofit and correct short-sighted developmental projects when environmental problems arise, the Asta-Ja framework will optimise environmental, social and financial benefits.
Initial studies of the molecular organization of the cell-substrate adhesion site.

Abstract Using selective extraction reagents and non-penetrating probes, studies have been initiated on the molecular organization of substrate-attached material, adhesion sites which pinch off from the cell surface of normal Balb/c 3T3 or SV40-transformed Balb/c 3T3 (SVT2) cells and which remain bound to the serum-coated substrate during EGTA-mediated detachment of cells. Extraction of SVT2 adhesion sites with non-ionic detergents resulted in (a) only small amounts of leucine-radiolabeled protein and glucosamine-radiolabeled polysaccharide being solubilized; (b) selective solubilization of 80% of the adhesion site actin, and (c) solubilization of 95% of the phospholipid from these membranous pools. ATP in combination with potassium chloride extracted 60% of the actin. The 3T3 and SVT2 adhesion site proteins which are accessible to lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination were also determined. Many of the serumderived proteins, bound to the substrate, were iodinated during iodination treatment of serum-coated or substrate-attached material-coated substrates, whereas the cellular proteins in the adhesion sites were not iodinated even though they were present in larger quantity as revealed by Coomassie blue staining. Iodination of cells, followed by their EGTA-mediated detachment and reattachment to fresh serum-coated substrates, indicated that the principal iodinated cell surface component deposited in new adhesion sites is the large