cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Journals Can Facilitate the Study of Underlying Situational Characteristics Distinguishing Worker and Professional Samples

Bergman and Jean's (2016) focal article decries the limited research attention of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists on “workers”—that is, employees such as wage earners, frontline workers, and contractors, who do not fill professional, managerial, or executive positions. We agree. In addition to the scientific and moral benefits of studying workers, there is a practical imperative. An academic discipline that comes across as being disinterested in workers may leave itself open to charges of being the “handmaiden” of management (Hulin, 2002, p. 12). Moreover, such an academic discipline may be ill prepared to provide evidence-based contributions to important societal debates on topics such as income inequality and immigration.
Current issues in the chemistry of cytochrome c oxidase.

Some contemporary issues relevant to the chemistry of mammalian cytochromec oxidase are discussed. These include the optical properties of heme A and the spectroscopic consequences of the differences in side-chain substitution compared to heme B; a common fallacy concerning the electrostatic exchange interaction between cytochromea 3 and CuB; the question of the number and location of the copper components of the enzyme; and the mode of binding of ligands such as cyanide and azide.
Defect States and Structural Disorder in a-Si.

We have examined the distribution of the neutral dangling bond defect states, T30, as a function of the local disorder. T30 defects in a-Si play an important role in many of the current models of the metastable photoconductivity. To understand the relationship between the T30 defect and its bonding environment, the Local Density of States (LDOS) for under-coordinated Si atoms in disordered environments are calculated using the cluster-Bethe lattice method, CBLM. Our Hamiltonian employs the tight-binding parameters of an sp3 orbital basis containing both 1st and 2nd nearest-neighbor interaction terms fit to c-Si band structure. Averaged LDOS of atoms with various bond angle distortions are calculated in order to demonstrate the relationship between the standard deviation in bond angle and the width of the defect states. The CBLM is also used to determine the extent of the valence band tails as a function of the standard deviation in bond angle. In addition, the LDOS of clusters with 2 dangling bonds are examined to determine the degree that their energy levels split due to their interaction with each other.
Structured learning for robotic surgery utilizing a proficiency score: a pilot study

We evaluated feasibility and benefit of implementing structured learning in a robotics program. Furthermore, we assessed validity of a proficiency assessment tool for stepwise graduation. Teaching cases included robotic radical prostatectomy and partial nephrectomy. Procedure steps were categorized: basic, intermediate, and advanced. An assessment tool [“proficiency score” (PS)] was developed to evaluate ability to safely and autonomously complete a step. Graduation required a passing PS (PS ≥ 3) on three consecutive attempts. PS and validated global evaluative assessment of robotic skills (GEARS) were evaluated for completed steps. Linear regression was utilized to determine postgraduate year/PS relationship (construct validity). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient measured correlation between PS and GEARS evaluations (concurrent validity). Intraclass correlation (ICC) evaluated PS agreement between evaluator classes. Twenty-one robotic trainees participated within the pilot program, completing a median of 14 (2–69) cases each. Twenty-three study evaluators scored 14 (1–60) cases. Over 4 months, 229/294 (78 %) cases were designated “teaching” cases. Residents completed 91 % of possible evaluations; faculty completed 78 %. Verbal and quantitative feedback received by trainees increased significantly (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). Average PS increased with PGY (post-graduate year) for basic and intermediate steps (regression slopes: 0.402 (p < 0.0001), 0.323 (p < 0.0001), respectively) (construct validation). Overall, PS correlated highly with GEARS (ρ = 0.81, p < 0.0001) (concurrent validity). ICC was 0.77 (95 % CI 0.61–0.88) for resident evaluations. Structured learning can be implemented in an academic robotic program with high levels of trainee and evaluator participation, encouraging both quantitative and verbal feedback. A proficiency assessment tool developed for step-specific proficiency has construct and concurrent validity.
Opioid-related Policies in New England Emergency Departments.

Objectives The opioid abuse and overdose epidemic in the United States has led to the need for new practice policies to guide clinicians. We describe implementation of opioid-related policies in emergency departments (EDs) in New England to gauge progress and determine where further work is needed. Methods This study analyzed data from the 2015 National Emergency Department Inventory–New England survey. The survey queried directors of every ED (n = 195) in the six New England states to determine the implementation of five specific policies related to opioid management. ED characteristics (e.g., annual visits, location, and admission rates) were also obtained and a multivariable analysis was conducted to identify ED characteristics independently associated with the number of opioid-related policies implemented. Results Overall, 169 EDs (87%) responded, with a >80% response rate in each state. Implementation of opioid-related policies varied as follows: 1) use of a screening tool for patients with suspected prescription opioid abuse potential (n = 30, 18%), 2) access state prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) before prescribing opioids (n = 132, 78%), 3) notify the primary opioid prescriber when prescribing opioids for ED patients with chronic pain (n = 69, 41%), 4) refer patients with opioid abuse to recovery resources (n = 117, 70%), and 5) prescribe naloxone to patients at risk of opioid overdose after ED discharge (n = 19, 12%). EDs located in metropolitan areas and with at least one attending physician on duty 24/7 were less likely to implement opioid policies (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48–0.89; and IRR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.6–1.0, respectively) while EDs with ≥15% hospitalization rate that used electronic computerized medication ordering and those in Rhode Island were more likely to implement opioid policies (IRR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03–1.48; IRR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.19–3.22; and IRR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08–1.56, respectively). Conclusions The implementation of opioid-related policies varies among New England EDs. The presence of policies recommending use of screening tools and prescribing naloxone for at-risk patients was low, whereas those regarding utilization of the PDMP and referral of patients with opioid abuse to recovery resources were more common. These data provide important benchmarks for future evaluations and recommendations.
Analysis on the results of urinary Iodine test on children and women of childbearing age in Yiwu county In 2009

Objective:To grasp the preventing and curing effect about code deficiency in Yiwu County,to complete the set target on code deficiency.Methods: According to the National Code Deficiency Control Inspection Program we had the urinary iodine test on 245 children aged from 8 to 10,and 400 women of childbearting age between 18 an 40 years,during April to June,2009.Results: The median urinary code of children from 8 to 10 years is 259.7 μg/L,and of the women of childbearing age 18 ～ 40-year-old is 184.0 μg/L,this consistents the standards to eliminate code deficiency.Conclusion: Though the Yiwu County residents′ iodine intake quantity has reached the elimination of iodine deficiency in the standard after a few years of disease prevention and control on code deficiency,but there still are a few people whose urinary code level is very low,iodine intake is still uneven.
Analysis of hepatitis B vaccine vaccination in crowds except for newborn in Tianzhu County

Objective To improve vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine(HepB)in crowds except for newborn in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County,and reduce carrying rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg).Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was taken to detect HBsAg,and people of the negative was vaccinated HepB.Results Vaccination rate of HepB was 9.53%in the crowds,and 16.63%in town and 8.04%in countryside.Conclusions The effect of HepB vaccination is significant in crowds except for newborn.
Effects of levodopa on the renin-aldosterone system

Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone, supine and erect, and urinary aldosterone levels were measured in 18 patients on normal sodium diets and in 11 patients on low sodium diets, all of whom also were on long-term levodopa therapy. Of the 230 hormone measurements, 185 were normal, 11 were high, and 34 were low. Most of the low levels were in 3 patients who had recently received fludrocortisone for orthostatic hypotension, and the renin-aldosterone systems might have been suppressed by it. In another phase of this study, 4 subjects were maintained on a constant diet for 6 wk, while the effect of gradualty increasing dosages of levodopa on mineral balance and renin-aldosterone was determined. In 3 of the 4 patients there was a mild natriuretic effect of levodopa (previously demonstrated for acute levodopa therapy). There were no significant consistent changes in renin or aldosterone levels while levodopa was being administered. These studies indicate that levodopa does not usualty suppress the elements of the renin-aldosterone system and that such a mechanism is unlikely to be the cause of orthostatic hypotension during the course of levodopa therapy. Since levodopa may induce natriuresis, in this situation unchanged levels of renin and aldosterone may, however, represent an inappropriately low set of this hormonal system.
Effect of cimetidine on renal function in normal man

To evaluate the effect of acute histamine H2-receptor blockade on renal function, renal function studies were performed in a control state and after cimetidine. Studies included acid excretion in response to acid loading, bicarbonate reabsorption during bicarbonate infusion, and urinary concentrating ability. Cimetidine produced no significant effect on any of these functions. During bicarbonate infusion, inulin clearance remained constant while creatinine clearance fell, possibly because of an effect on tubular creatinine secretion.
Synergistic Ion-Binding Catalysis Demonstrated via an Enantioselective, Catalytic [2,3]-Wittig Rearrangement

Sigmatropic rearrangements number among the most powerful complexity-building transformations in organic synthesis but have remained largely insensitive to enantioselective catalysis due to the diffuse nature of their transition structures. Here, we describe a synergistic ion-binding strategy for asymmetric catalysis of anionic sigmatropic rearrangements. This approach is demonstrated with the enantioselective [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of α-allyloxy carbonyl compounds to afford highly enantioenriched homoallylic alcohol products. Chiral thiourea catalysts are shown to engage reactive anions and their countercations through a cooperative set of attractive, noncovalent interactions. Catalyst structure–reactivity–selectivity relationship studies and computational analyses provide insight into catalyst–substrate interactions responsible for enantioinduction and allude to the potential generality of this catalytic strategy.
Occludin S490 Phosphorylation Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Retinal Neovascularization.

Occludin is a transmembrane tight junction protein that contributes to diverse cellular functions, including control of barrier properties, cell migration, and proliferation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces phosphorylation of occludin at S490, which is required for VEGF-induced endothelial permeability. Herein, we demonstrate that occludin S490 phosphorylation also regulates VEGF-induced retinal endothelial cell proliferation and neovascularization. Using a specific antibody, phospho-occludin was located in centrosomes in endothelial cell cultures, animal models, and human surgical samples of retinal neovessels. Occludin S490 phosphorylation was found to increase with endothelial tube formation in vitro and in vivo during retinal neovascularization after induction of VEGF expression. More important, expression of occludin mutated at S490 to Ala, completely inhibited angiogenesis in cell culture models and in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest a novel role for occludin in regulation of endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. These findings may lead to methods of regulating pathological neovascularization by specifically targeting endothelial cell proliferation.
Mechanism of silver nanoparicles production at the plasma-liquid interface

Plasmas interacting with liquids have been used to produce metallic nanoparticles1. Plasma acts as a reducing agent of metal ions in the solution and the formed neutral atoms subsequently agglomerate to form nanoparticles. The reduction of the plasma was suggested to be due to electrons injected by the plasma into the solution1. The presence of solvated electrons at the plasma-liquid interface at concentrations of the order of 1 mM has been shown recently2. However solvated electrons have a very short lifetime and plasma produces many other reactive species such as OH, H and (V)UV photons at similar fluxes which could also play a significant role in reducing metal solutions.
Nitrogen deposition decreases the benefits of symbiosis in a native legume

Aims Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition can provide legumes with a cheap source of nitrogen relative to symbiotic nitrogen fixation, leading to the potential breakdown of this critical symbiosis. Here, the effects of nitrogen deposition were tested on a native symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia.
Gap-free segmentation of vascular networks with automatic image processing pipeline

Current image processing techniques capture large vessels reliably but often fail to preserve connectivity in bifurcations and small vessels. Imaging artifacts and noise can create gaps and discontinuity of intensity that hinders segmentation of vascular trees. However, topological analysis of vascular trees require proper connectivity without gaps, loops or dangling segments. Proper tree connectivity is also important for high quality rendering of surface meshes for scientific visualization or 3D printing. We present a fully automated vessel enhancement pipeline with automated parameter settings for vessel enhancement of tree-like structures from customary imaging sources, including 3D rotational angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance venography, and computed tomography angiography. The output of the filter pipeline is a vessel-enhanced image which is ideal for generating anatomical consistent network representations of the cerebral angioarchitecture for further topological or statistical analysis. The filter pipeline combined with computational modeling can potentially improve computer-aided diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases by delivering biometrics and anatomy of the vasculature. It may serve as the first step in fully automatic epidemiological analysis of large clinical datasets. The automatic analysis would enable rigorous statistical comparison of biometrics in subject-specific vascular trees. The robust and accurate image segmentation using a validated filter pipeline would also eliminate operator dependency that has been observed in manual segmentation. Moreover, manual segmentation is time prohibitive given that vascular trees have more than thousands of segments and bifurcations so that interactive segmentation consumes excessive human resources. Subject-specific trees are a first step toward patient-specific hemodynamic simulations for assessing treatment outcomes. Automated vesselness filter with adjustable parameters for various imaging modality.Vessel contrast enhancement enables accurate modeling of cerebral vasculature.CFD studies in subjectspecific arterial trees are facilitated by the automated filter.
P27 Dynamic leap and balance test (DLBT): ability to discriminate balance deficits in individuals with chronic ankle instability

Study Design Case-control study. Objectives To assess the ability of the Dynamic Leap Balance Test (DLBT) to identify balance deficits in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI), and to compare dynamic balance performance between the DLBT and modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT). Background Clinicians require functional tests to objectively measure patient outcomes. The mSEBT is commonly used in lower extremity injuries to measure the dynamic control of body movements over an unchanging base of support (BOS). The DLBT is a new dynamic balance task that requires serial changes in BOS with alternating limb support and recovery of dynamic stability. Methods and Measures Thirty-six young, physically-active adults were divided into two groups: 18 with history of unilateral CAI and 18 healthy. CAI subjects were identified using the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) questionnaire. Subjects were randomly assigned to complete the mSEBT or DLBT on their CAI (or healthy matched) or contralateral limb on Day 1, and perform the same tasks with the other limb on Day 2. Results There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) among any of the four conditions for normalised composite or reach distance measures (% leg length) with the mSEBT. Statistically significant differences (p Conclusion The DLBT may be a more discriminate measure of dynamic balance than the mSEBT in CAI subjects. The leaping task in the DLBT involves BOS changes, and dynamic stability reestablishment while requiring greater production and attenuation of forces similar to running, cutting and jumping.
Chromosome 22q11.2 Rearrangement Disorders

Meiotic unequal crossover events between blocks of low-copy repeats (LCRs) may lead to gene dosage imbalance resulting in genomic disorders. Genomic disorders are frequently associated with mental retardation or learning disabilities and mild to severe congenital anomalies. Chromosome 22q11.2 is particularly susceptible to chromosome rearrangements leading to several genomic disorders including velocardiofacial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS), der(22) syndrome, and cat-eye syndrome (CES), associated with a monosomy, trisomy, and tetrasomy of 22q11.2, respectively. Most VCFS/DGS patients have a similar hemizygous 3-Mb deletion mediated by meiotic interchromosomal homologous recombination events between LCRs termed LCR22s. The reciprocal duplication of the same interval, predicted on expected products of unequal crossover events, results in a more mild condition termed dup(22)(q11.2; q11.2) syndrome. In contrast to VCFS/DGS, dup(22)(q11.2; q11.2) and CES, der(22) syndrome is caused by a different molecular mechanism. Der(22) disorder arises in offspring of normal carriers of the constitutional t(1 1 ;22) (q23.3; q1 1.2) translocation by recombination between AT-rich (high AT sequence composition) palindromic sequences on 1 1q23.3 and 22q1 1.2. The palindromic sequence on 22q1 1.2 is within one of the LCR22s. Interestingly, both recurrent and novel breakpoints occur most often in LCR22s, making them an important architectural feature associated with susceptibility to genome rearrangements. To gain further insight into the mechanisms of how the LCR22s are involved in chromosome rearrangements, efforts are underway to determine the molecular evolution, structure, size, orientation, and their level of variability in humans.
APL FOR ACTUARIES

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the use of APL as a mathematical notation. There are some fundamental advantages of APL as a programming language: the interactive approach to computing, the simple forms of input–output, the concept of programs as functions, the concept of arrays as the basic objects to which functions apply, the set of simple and yet powerful primary functions for construction and rearrangement of arrays, and the selection of subarrays. All of these matters concern the definition of algorithms in the language, and the suitability of a language for precise definitions of algorithms is one measure of its value as a mathematical notation. Mathematics is also concerned with analysis, that is, with the study of relationships between quantities. Another measure of a language as a mathematical notation is how well it serves as a vehicle for studying these relationships. This chapter discusses APL as both a vehicle for defining algorithms and a tool of analysis.
The effects of pictorial realism, delay of visual feedback, and observer interactivity on the subjective sense of presence

Two experiments examined the effects of pictorial realism, observer interactivity, and delay of visual feedback on the sense of “presence.” Subjects were presented pairs of virtual environments a simulated driving task that differed In one or more ways from each other. After subjects had completed the second member of each pair they reported which of the two had produced the greater amount of presence and indicated the size of this difference by means of a 1-100 scale. As predicted, realism and interactivity increased presence while delay of visual feedback diminished it. According to subjects' verbal responses to a postexperiment Interview, pictorial realism was the least influential of the three variables examined. Further, although some subjects reported an increase in the sense of presence over the course of the experiment, most said that it had remained unchanged or become weaker.
On the local divisibility of Heegner points

We relate the local l-divisibility of a Heegner point on an elliptic curve of conductor N, at a prime p which is inert in the imaginary quadratic field, to the first l-descent on a related abelian variety of level Np.
Macromechanical evaluation of random strength of heterogeneous materials

The random strength of heterogeneous materials is considered as a function of volume fraction of the material components. A general macromechanical probabilistic model is created that permits one to consider all experimental results jointly, and therefore, minimize the experimental programme. A probabilistic description and corresponding method of statistical treatment, taking into account variability of the volume fraction on both the average strength and strength scatter, is offered. Experimental confirmation of the approach is presented using three examples of polymer blends of polyethylene and polypropylene. The influence of volume fraction scatter is analysed in detail, and it is noted that the scatter may lead to a significant increase in variability of the strength. A generalization of the approach is considered for other relevant problems, such as random thermal expansion as a function of temperature and random strength of multi-component (hybrid) materials.
Scaling trends of the critical E × B shear for edge harmonic oscillation onset in DIII-D quiescent H-mode plasmas

Quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) has been identified as an attractive stationary operational regime in tokamaks due to its lack of edge localized modes (ELMs), along with good particle and impurity control aided by the presence of magnetohydrodynamic modes such as the edge harmonic oscillation (EHO) or edge turbulence. Experiments on the DIII-D tokamak explore local access conditions for QH-mode through measurements of the critical edge rotational shear necessary for the transition from a QH-mode with a coherent EHO to a typical ELMy H-mode. The critical E × B shear and EHO frequency are predicted by a nonlinear phase-dynamics model relating the pressure and velocity perturbations in the edge pedestal region. The reduced theoretical model predicts a linear relationship between critical shearing rate and , where is the ion acoustic velocity, L p the pressure gradient scale length, and the radial width of the mode. This scaling of the critical shearing rate agrees with the experimental trend, although the absolute magnitude of the shearing rate threshold is over-predicted by the model. Through a normalized predicted scaling, the model demonstrates the dynamic transition into and out of QH-mode qualitatively, within a single plasma discharge. The experimental comparison lends insight into improving the theoretical model by including more accurate geometry and toroidal mode number physics for more accurate quantitative predictions.
Valence quark transversity at small x

In our previous work we established a formalism which allows one to determine the small-$x$ asymptotics of any transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution function (TMD PDF) of the proton at small values of strong coupling. In this paper we apply this formalism to the valence quark transversity TMD. We relate the valence quark transversity to the transversely polarized dipole scattering amplitude, written in terms of the fundamental transversely polarized ``Wilson line'' operator, an expression for which we derive explicitly as well. We then write down the evolution equation for the transversely polarized dipole amplitude. Solving that equation we arrive at the following small-$x$ asymptotics of the valence quark transversity in the large-${N}_{c}$ limit: ${h}_{1T}^{v}(x,{k}_{T}^{2})\ensuremath{\sim}{h}_{1T}^{\ensuremath{\perp}v}(x,{k}_{T}^{2})\ensuremath{\sim}{(\frac{1}{x})}^{\ensuremath{-}1+2\sqrt{\frac{{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}{N}_{c}}{2\ensuremath{\pi}}}}$. This result is in agreement with one of the two possible small-$x$ asymptotics for the transverse structure function found previously by Kirschner, Mankiewicz, Sch\"afer, and Szymanowski [Z. Phys. C 74, 501 (1997)].
Social integration and mass shootings in U.S. counties

A major theme in the sociological literature is the observation that social integration may provide protective effects against a range of negative outcomes in society, from poor mental and physical...
Beliefs about E-cigarettes: A focus group study with college students

Objectives: In this study, we consider how best to prevent recreational uptake of e-cigarettes among tobacco nonusers; it is important to investigate the underlying beliefs that young adults have about e-cigarettes and package elements. Methods: Using the focus group method of belief elicitation, we explore underlying belief structures that undergraduate students at a large Midwestern public university have about e-cigarettes. Beliefs are analyzed using the constantcomparative approach and categorized using the theory of planned behavior. Results: Participants describe a dual view, wherein e-cigarettes are a cool and causal item to use at a party, while holding a negative stigma toward everyday use. They acknowledged confusion over nicotine and focused on the flavors and smoke tricks as attractions to the product. In response to package elements, participants describe the flavors and modified risk statement as undermining the health warning. Conclusions: Findings suggest it may be useful to supplement the required warning labels with a public education campaign that improves understanding of nicotine and to regulate the amount of nicotine permissible in e-cigarettes in order to prevent addiction in recreational users, while at the same time supporting use of the product for smoking cessation.
Lack of mature lymphocytes results in obese but metabolically healthy mice when fed a high-fat diet.

Obesity is characterized by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, as well as insulin resistance, but the link between obesity and adaptive immunity remains to be fully studied. To elucidate the role of adaptive immunity on body composition, glucose homeostasis and inflammation, recombination-activating gene 1 knockout (Rag1−/−) mice, without mature T-lymphocytes or B-lymphocytes, were maintained on a low- or high-fat diet (LFD and HFD, respectively) for 11 weeks. Rag1−/− mice fed HFD gained significantly more weight and had increased body fat compared with wild type. Downregulation of energy expenditure as well as brown fat uncoupling protein UCP-1 and UCP-3 gene expression were noticed in HFD-fed Rag1−/− mice compared with LFD. HFD mice had significantly decreased energy intake compared with LFD mice, consistent with decreased agouti-related protein and increased pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression levels in the hypothalamus. Moreover, compared with wild type, Rag1−/− mice had lower interleukin (IL)-4 levels, a cytokine recently found to induce browning in white adipocytes, and higher IL-12 levels in HFD-fed Rag1−/− mice. Despite that HFD Rag1−/− mice were more obese, they had similar glucose, insulin and adiponectin levels, while leptin was marginally increased. Mice with deficiency in adaptive immunity are obese, partly owing to decreased energy expenditure, but are metabolically normal, suggesting that mature lymphocytes have necessary roles in the development of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation.
Monitoring thermal barrier coating delamination progression by upconversion luminescence imaging

Abstract Upconversion luminescence imaging provided contrast for monitoring thermal barrier coating (TBC) delamination progression during interrupted furnace cycling to 1163 °C, with sensitivity even for early stages of subcritical delamination crack propagation. Image contrast for delamination monitoring is obtained because delamination cracks introduce an interface between a higher (TBC) and lower (air) index of refraction medium so that total internal reflection beyond a critical incident angle occurs for both the excitation and emission wave-lengths. Therefore, considerably greater luminescence emission is observed from regions containing delamination cracks. Upconversion luminescence produces exceptional image contrast because background fluorescence is very low when the detected emission is at a substantially shorter wavelength than the excitation. The upconversion luminescence emission was excited within a 6 μm thick Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia YSZ (YSZ:Er,Yb) layer beneath a 130 μm thick undoped YSZ layer, sequentially deposited with no interruption by electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) onto a NiPtAl bond-coated superalloy substrate. Excitation at 980 nm produced upconversion luminescence emission from Er3+ at 562 nm after two sequential energy transfers from Yb3+ co-dopant ions. Upconversion luminescence imaging, supported by scanning electron microscope inspection of interfacial damage, revealed that delamination progression proceeded by the formation of isolated microdelaminations with large separations between the TBC and thermally grown oxide (TGO) along with small-separation microcracks that propagated in the regions between the microdelaminations. In addition, upconversion luminescence imaging of the extent of delamination produced by Rockwell indentation clearly showed that the TBC becomes increasingly susceptible to mechanically induced damage throughout its cyclic life.
Arcuator, a new genus of Chloropidae (Diptera), with a key to the Afrotropical and Palaearctic species

The new genus Arcuator (type species, Hippelates stigmaticus Lamb) is proposed for eight known species from the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Oriental Regions and eight new Afrotropical species: A. dewittei (ZaA¯re), aburensis (Ghana), melanicus (Kenya; Ethiopia), latimaculosus (ZaA¯re), deemingi (Nigeria), lindneri (Nigeria; central Africa), nigerensis (Niger; west Africa), and munroi (South Africa; southern Africa). Two new but inadequately known species are noted and keyed, but left unnamed. Hippelates jacobsi Tonnoir (Luxemburg) is tentatively synonymised under A. stigmaticus.
Volar Fracture-Dislocation of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

An axial force applied to the digit with a slight volar vector can cause an oblique shear and a displaced intraarticular fracture of the dorsal lip of the proximal portion of the middle phalanx, with subluxation of the remaining portion of the middle phalanx volar to the proximal phalanx (Figs. 30-1 A, Figs. 30-1 B). Again, joint congruity and stability must be restored for an optimal result. A dorsal approach provides optimal exposure. The joint can be inspected by incising on either side of the extensor slip adjacent to the lateral bands. Inspection of the fracture site allows one to clean it of debris and elevate displaced fragments and is often necessary to obtain a congruent reduction. One or more 1.5 mm cortical lag screws provide excellent stability in such cases (Figs. 30-1 C, Figs. 30-1 D).
Periprosthetic Joint Infection Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Following Revision Total Knee Replacement: An Analysis of Administrative Discharge Data.

Background Little is known about the relationship between infection and the risk of risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following orthopaedic surgery. We assessed the 90-day risk of VTE following revision total knee replacement to measure the association between periprosthetic joint infection and the risk of postoperative VTE. Methods We used New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System data to identify all New York State residents undergoing revision total knee replacement from 1998 to 2014. ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) codes were used to identify comorbidities and to classify the indication for revision total knee replacement as aseptic, infection, or fracture. The primary outcome was any diagnosis code for VTE recorded for the revision surgery and/or subsequent admissions within 90 days. A multivariable logistic regression model that included demographic characteristics and comorbidities was used to estimate the risk of VTE after revision for infection or fracture, with aseptic revision as the reference group. Results The present study included 25,441 patients who were managed with revision total knee replacement; the indication for revision was aseptic for 17,563 patients (69%), infection for 7,075 (28%), and fracture for 803 (3%). The mean age (and standard deviation) was 66 ± 12 years, 15,592 (61%) of the patients were female, 3,198 (13%) were Black, 1,192 (5%) were smokers, and 4,222 (17%) were obese. Seven hundred and nineteen patients (2.8%) had VTE within the 90 days after revision total knee replacement, including 387 (1.5%) during the admission for the revision procedure. The 90-day incidence of VTE was 2.1% after aseptic revision, 4.3% after revision for infection, and 5.9% after revision for fracture. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for VTE relative to aseptic revision was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72 to 2.35) for septic revision total knee replacement and 2.62 (95% CI, 1.91 to 3.6) for fracture. A history of VTE was also a strong risk factor for VTE following revision total knee replacement (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.48 to 2.71). Conclusions We found that the odds of VTE after revision total knee replacement for infection were double those after aseptic revision total knee replacement. Although fracture accounts for a small percentage of revision total knee replacements, the risk of VTE was 2.6-fold higher after these procedures. The indication for revision total knee replacement should be considered when choosing postoperative VTE prophylaxis. Level of evidence Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A brief measure of problematic smartphone use among high school students: Psychometric assessment using item response theory

Abstract The purpose of this study was to use item response theory to assess a brief measure of problematic smartphone use among high school students, using the 2017-18 California Student Tobacco Survey (CSTS) collected from 119,981 students who own a smartphone across 256 high schools in California. An exploratory factor analysis supported two factors that represented problematic smartphone use and concurrent behavioral issues, explaining 47% of the variance. Item response modeling demonstrated good item discrimination for problematic smartphone use (a > 1.15) and valuable test information for respondents within two standard deviations of the sample mean. Students who reported a score of 3 (somewhat agree) or 4 (agree) on each problematic smartphone use item accounted for 22% (n ​= ​25,997) of the student population who owned smartphones in our sample. Concurrent and criterion validity were found as problematic smartphone use significantly predicted smartphone use instead of sleep (b ​= ​0.35, 95% CI [0.34, 0.36], p ​
Abstract 17402: Single Nuclei RNA-sequencing of Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Myectomy Samples Reveals Common Novel Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets Regardless of Genotype

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited cardiovascular disease, often resulting in left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, relieved by surgical myectomy. Current t...
Heterogeneous preferences and economic values for urban forest structural and functional attributes

Abstract The structural and functional attributes of urban and peri-urban forests are the basis for the provision of a suite of ecosystem services that directly and indirectly benefit residents across scales, tenures and land uses. As such, many local governments promote municipal urban forest initiatives such as maintenance and management plans, ordinances, and tree-giveaway programs (e.g. Orlando, USA and Sydney, Australia). However, the effectiveness and distributional fairness of these activities often overlooks residents’ values and preferences for certain tree functional traits, sizes, densities and associated costs. This study implements an online survey of 724 Florida, USA residents, to: 1) examine preferences/tradeoffs for multiple urban forest structure-function attributes; 2) quantify and assess the differences in willingness-to-pay (WTP) for these forest structure attributes in public areas; and 3) examine the implications of value heterogeneity for tree function-structure attributes for purposes of crafting policies or designing public programs dealing with urban forests. Only 19% of respondents indicated a serious concern about living close to trees and flowering plants that produce pollen that can result in allergies. Similarly, only 12% were concerned about hurricane wind impacts to and from their treescapes. Using latent class modeling and a stated preferences panel data, our results reveal important differences in WTP along multiple value groups, each with different WTP values for: tree nativity (native vs. exotic); number of species (many vs. few) and size of trees (fully grown vs. mix of ages); as well as maintenance costs. The novel approach of this study indicates the importance of using tree functional traits versus species taxa and accounting for diverse values among the public for more effective decisions. Findings can be used to inform timely policy initiatives, while providing additional evidence of the ubiquity of the public’s heterogeneous values and providing guidance to avoid potentially misleading policy interpretations.
Political Epistemology and the Subject: Epistemic Injustice as a Primary Mode for Oppression

In this paper I explore the notion of epistemic injustice in relation to privilege, marginalization, and oppression. I define epistemic injustice as anytime marginalized bodies are denied credibility based solely on their status as that Other. Conversely, epistemic privilege occurs whenever those in power are given credibility based solely on their elevated or authoritative status within society. It is my claim that epistemic injustice is not just a problem of knowing and that it reaches far beyond the scope of traditional epistemology and roots itself in both the social and political. It is, at a fundamental level, a tool used to control and oppresses already marginalized populations. I utilize the Puerto Rican Pill Trials that took place from 1952-1960 in order to expand upon the notion of epistemic injustice and the destruction of word-of-mouth testimony among groups of marginalized bodies. Along with this I assert that epistemic injustice has drastic consequences and is not just a problem of knowing. These consequences are twofold. One, the denial of recognition from oneself and one’s peers, and two, the inability to engage in the introspective process of creating one’s subjecthood. Epistemology and political philosophy share a deep connection, one that is often overlooked by traditional conceptions of what epistemology should be. Accounts of theories of knowledge that focus specifically on abstracted Truth, justified true belief, and reaching universal maxims of knowledge through logical analysis are, in some cases, very useful tools that philosophy helps cultivate. However, focusing on knowledge as something that is strictly theoretical can create problems and leave our empirical understanding of the world lacking of substance. Abstract understandings of knowledge and the quest for a universal maxim of Truth often shroud the importance that epistemology can have when it is positioned within the real and social world as we experience it. In fact, to separate our understandings of power from our understandings of knowledge is defeating. The two are interconnected and inseparable in almost every circumstance. As Miranda Fricker argues in Res Cogitans (2015) 6 Hiebert | 13
Molecular Properties of Benzodiazepine Receptors

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the area of benzodiazepine receptor pharmacology that is rapidly expanding and growing. Benzodiazepines are among the most widely prescribed drugs; however, despite such general use, a unifying hypothesis about their site of action in the body was not available until recently. The binding sites in brain that have high affinity, saturability, and stereospecificity fit the criteria for classification as the pharmacological receptors for the benzodiazepines. Although electrophysiological experiments had indicated an interaction between the benzodiazepines and GABA, the first direct demonstration of the mechanistic nature of this interaction came soon after the discovery of the neuronal benzodiazepine receptor. Although initial investigations of the binding of benzodiazepines indicated that they interacted with a single class of binding sites, a further study with new classes of nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytics indicated that a subclassification of binding sites is possible.
Effects of a Preventive Intervention on Adolescent Substance Use Initiation, Expectancies, and Refusal Intentions

This study evaluated the effects of a school-based preventive intervention (Botvin, G. J. 1996, 2000) on growth trajectories of substance initiation (alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana), expectancies, and refusal intentions. A rural midwestern sample (ND 847) provided three waves of data from middle school students. Growth curve analyses demonstrated that the intervention significantly slowed the rate of increase in substance initiation and significantly slowed the rate of decrease in refusal intentions. The intervention also slowed the rate of decrease in negative outcome expectancies, although the significance level was only marginal. A multiple group comparison showed that the impact of initial levels of substance initiation on growth trajectories of refusal intentions differed between conditions, suggesting that the intervention decreased the effect of early substance initiation on the rate of change over time for refusal intentions. Gender differences also were found, although the intervention was effective in slowing the rate of increase in initiation for both genders.
Future NTP Development Synergy Leveraged from Current J-2X Engine Development

This paper is a discussion of how the many long-lead development elements required for the realization of a future nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) system can be effectively leveraged from the ongoing work being conducted on the J-2X engine program for the Constellation Program. Development studies conducted to date for NTP forward planning have identified a number of technical areas that will require advancement to acceptable technology readiness levels (TRLs) before they can be utilized in NTP system development. These include high-temperature, high-area ratio nozzle extension; long-life, low-NPSP. turbomachinery; and low-boiloff propellant management; and a qualified nuclear fuel element. The current J-2X program is working many of these areas that can be leveraged to support NTP development in a highly compatible and synergistic fashion. In addition to supporting technical development, there are other programmatic issues being worked in the J-2X program that can be leveraged by a future NTP development program. These include compliance with recently-evolved space system requirements such as human-rating, fault tolerance and fracture control. These and other similar mandatory system requirements have been adopted by NASA and can result in a significant technical impact beyond elevation of the root technologies required by NTP. Finally, the exploitation of experience, methodologies, and procedures developed by the J-2X program in the areas of verification, qualification, certification, altitude simulation testing, and facility definition will be especially applicable to a future NTP system. The similarities in system mission (in-space propulsion) and operational environment (vacuum, zero-gee) between J-2X and NTP make this highly synergistic. Thus, it can be $hown that the collective benefit of leveraging experience and technologies developed during the J-2X program can result in significant savings in development cost and schedule for NTP.
Improved Bankfull Channel Geometry Prediction Using Two‐Year Return‐Period Discharge1

He, Laien and Gregory V. Wilkerson, 2011. Improved Bankfull Channel Geometry Prediction Using Two-Year Return-Period Discharge. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(6):1298–1316. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00567.x Abstract: Bankfull discharge (Qbf) and bankfull channel geometry (i.e., width, Wbf; mean depth, Dbf; and cross-section area, Abf) are important design parameters in stream restoration, habitat creation, mined land reclamation, and related projects. The selection of values for these parameters is facilitated by regional curves (regression models in which Qbf, Wbf, Dbf, and Abf are predicted as a function of drainage area, Ada). This paper explores the potential for the two-year return-period discharge (Q2) to improve predictions of Wbf, Dbf, and Abf. Improved predictions are expected because Q2 estimates integrate the effects of basin drainage area, climate, and geology. For conducting this study, 29 datasets (each representing one hydrologic region) spanning 14 states in the United States were analyzed. We assessed the utility of using Q2 by comparing statistical measures of regression model performance (e.g., coefficient of determination and Akaike’s information criterion). Compared to using Ada, Q2 is shown to be a “clearly superior” predictor of Wbf, Dbf, and Abf, respectively, for 21, 13, and 25% of the datasets. By contrast, Ada yielded a clearly superior model for predicting Wbf, Dbf, and Abf, respectively, for 0, 0, and 14% of the datasets. Our conclusion is that it alongside with developing conventional regional curves using Ada it is prudent to develop regional curves that use Q2 as an independent variable because in some cases the resulting model will be superior.