cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Origination and extinction components of taxonomic diversity: Paleozoic and post-Paleozoic dynamics

Changes in genus diversity within higher taxa of marine animals on the temporal scale of a few million years are more strongly correlated with changes in extinction rate than with chang- es in origination rate during the Paleozoic. After the Paleozoic the relative roles of origination and extinction in diversity dynamics are reversed. Metazoa as well as individual higher taxa shift from one mode of diversity dynamics to the other. The magnitude of taxonomic rates, the relative var- iance of origination and extinction rates, and the presence or absence of a long-term secular in- crease in diversity all fail to account for the shift in importance of origination and extinction in diversity changes. Origination and extinction rates both tend to be diversity-dependent, but dif- ferent modes of diversity-dependence may contribute to the change in diversity dynamics from the Paleozoic to the post-Paleozoic. During the Paleozoic, there is a weak tendency for extinction rates to be more diversity-dependent than origination rates, whereas after the Paleozoic the two rates are about equally diversity-dependent on average.
Animal production industry in the year 2000 A.D.

One can easily envision that, in the very near future, all bulls being progeny tested will be screened for genomic markers linked to economic traits and females may also be screened if enrolled as donors in a nuclear transfer programme. The concept of producing large numbers of genetically identical embryos, frozen, sexed, screened for economic traits and produced inexpensively from slaughterhouse by-products, is within our grasp. While large scale commercialization of these concepts is a function of time, knowledge and cost-effective biotechnologies, all of these concepts have already been demonstrated. The production of transgenic animals and embryos will be accelerated as gene mapping links genes to economic traits. What will happen to protein production when commercial cow herds can be made up of one or more female clone lines mated to bulls of the same clone? The obvious answer is predictability of performance to a magnitude never before achieved in agriculture.
Methylobacterium spp. as an indicator for the presence or absence of Mycobacterium spp.

Abstract Objective/Background A published survey of bacteria in showerhead biofilm samples revealed that Methylobacterium spp. and Mycobacterium spp. seldom coexisted in biofilms. Methods To confirm that information, biofilm samples were collected from household plumbing of Mycobacterium avium patients and Methylobacterium spp. and M. avium numbers were measured by direct colony counts. Results The results demonstrated that if Methylobacterium spp. were present, Mycobacterium spp. were absent, and the opposite. Conclusion The data demonstrate that microbial populations in biofilms can influence the presence or absence of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens and, thereby, increase the range of strategies to reduce exposure to waterborne pathogens. Finally, by assessing for the visual presence of methylobacteria as pink pigmentation on showers and shower curtains, homeowners and managers of hospitals and other buildings can quickly determine whether a premise plumbing biofilm sample has mycobacteria with a high degree of assurance.
P-003 Endovascular Concurrent Use of Coils and Pipeline Embolization Device for Intracranial Aneurysms: Clinical and Angiographic Results

Background The utility of the pipeline embolization device (PED) has been described as the sole device for treatment of brain aneurysms. The benefit using concurrent coils with limited number of PEDs is not well documented. We describe our experience with this technique as well as our mid-term clinical and angiographic results. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients treated for brain aneurysms between 2011–2014. In this cohort, 1–3 PEDs were deployed with the addition of coils using a “jailed” microcatheter technique. A partially dense coil mass was the goal, without complete neck occlusion. Technical difficulties were reviewed. Immediate clinical and angiographic results were obtained as well as mid-term and long-term clinical outcome and aneurysms occlusion rate. Once a patient demonstrated complete occlusion on contrast MRA, Plavix was discontinued. Results We have treated 26 patients using this technique. Median Age was 50.5 (range 31–78). The following aneurysms were treated: 1 Cavernous aneurysm; 17 proximal supraclinoid carotid, 3 posterior communicating artery aneurysms, 2 anterior choroidal artery aneurysms, 1 ICA bifurcation aneurysms and 2 intradural vertebral aneurysm. All underwent early post procedure clinical follow up. There were no intra-procedural or post-procedural complications. All PEDs were successfully deployed. No early or delayed neurological nor neuro-ophthalmological deficits were encountered. No adverse effects due to the coil mass were observed. There were no clinical and radiographic signs of ischemia in this group. Steroids treatment was tapered quickly and discontinued within 5 days, without prolong severe headaches. During the imaging follow up, all patients demonstrated complete occlusion on the first MRA (3–5 month). Follow DSA angiography (6–9 month) confirmed complete occlusion without in-stent stenosis. All patients maintained their baseline clinical status. Conclusions We found that the deployment of limited PEDs with concurrent partially-dense coil embolization is safe and effective. This technique achieved early complete occlusion without inducing mass effect. Favorable clinical results were observed in all patients without prolong headaches. Disclosures E. Nossek: None. D. Chalif: None. K. Lombardo: None. A. Setton: None.
A Unified Proof of Several Basic Theorems of Real Analysis

(1972). A Unified Proof of Several Basic Theorems of Real Analysis. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 8, pp. 895-898.
Distinct characteristics of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells derived from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). A factor in B-CLL serum promotes natural killer cell-like LAK cell growth.

We show that lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell precursors derived from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and cultured in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2 and normal human serum (NHS), develop into primarily NK cell-like (CD 57+) LAK cells, whereas identically prepared LAK cell precursors from normal subjects develop into mainly T cell-like (CD 3+, CD 8+) LAK cells. B-CLL LAK cells exhibited greater proliferative capacity than did normal LAK cells. When normal LAK cells were grown in B-CLL serum instead of NHS, their proliferation increased; NK cell levels also increased to those found in B-CLL LAK cells, suggesting that B-CLL serum contains a factor that promotes NK cell-like growth, LAK cells derived from normal or B- CLL patients demonstrated similar lytic activity toward K562 and Raji cells. Growth in B-CLL serum did not reduce their lytic potential. Thus, the altered phenotype and growth exhibited by B-CLL LAK cells and normal LAK cells grown in B-CLL serum does not lead to abnormalities in their cytolytic functions. We propose instead that the predominance of NK-like cells in B-CLL LAK cell populations and the presence of an NK cell-like growth factor in B-CLL serum reflect abnormalities related to NK cell-mediated B-cell regulation; ie, either inhibition of normal B- cell growth and/or growth stimulation of the leukemic clone in B-CLL.
A supraumbilical incision for gynecologic neoplasms in the morbidly obese patient.

BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of the pelvic area in obese patients can be extremely difficult. It is accompanied by a higher rate of complications, during and after the operation. A new approach aimed to facilitate exposure and to decrease the rate of postoperative complications is presented. STUDY DESIGN Various surgical procedures were performed upon 23 patients with benign and malignant gynecologic disease. The panniculus were pulled down to localize the umbilicus over the symphysis pubis. The pelvis and upper part of the abdomen were explored through a supraumbilical incision. RESULTS There were no vascular, neurologic or urinary injuries. The mean operating time was relatively short, and there was no excessive blood loss. No patient had postoperative ileus. Incisional hernia did not develop in any of the patients during three years of follow-up study. CONCLUSIONS This incision provides excellent exposure. It heals well and has a very low complication rate.
Mastering the Art of Persuasion

The ability to persuade requires the bestowal of authority. Using that authority to get a group to pursue a set of objectives is the art of persuasion. A theme of this book emerges again: the ability to frame a winning argument requires knowledge of the other party’s interests and the underlying value proposition. Other keys to being persuasive are narrowing the area of conflict, being brief, and framing your argument in terms of the larger interests of the institution. Being able to make your case in a sentence, paragraph, and page is critical. The use of anecdotes and metaphors is just as important as data. The final section deals with fund-raising.
Visa to a new world (1972), by Yūsuf Yaʿqūb Ḥaddād

Yūsuf Ya‘qūb Ḥaddād (1927–1999) was an Assyrian Iraqi publisher and short-story writer from Basra. Associated with the social realism of 1950s Iraqi literature, his subjects are often “quintessenti...
Programmed Death Cell Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Is Associated With Survival in Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) has been studied as a predictive immunotherapy biomarker. We investigated PD-L1 expression in the whole tumor and in tumor-infiltrating macrophages (TIMs) as a prognostic biomarker in surgically resected pathologic stage I non–small cell lung cancer. Pathologic specimen from 113 patients with stage I lung cancer (pT1-2a, N0, M0, tumor size 1-5 cm, 79 adenocarcinoma, 34 squamous cell carcinoma) were analyzed for PD-L1 expression in the tumor and in the TIMs using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Statistics included recursive partitioning, univariable, multivariable, and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Patients whose tumors expressed 4.7% (N = 26). Patients with PD-L1 expression in macrophages 6.3% (N = 89). The best outcomes were observed in patients with low PD-L1 expression in both tumor and macrophages with 5-year OS of 94% (N = 17). Contrarily, patients with high PD-L1 expression in both tumor and macrophages experienced 5-year OS of 20% (N = 19). Low PD-L1 expression in the tumor and in the TIMs was independently associated with survival in multivariable analysis (P = 0.000 and P = 0.030, respectively). Lower PD-L1 % expression in the tumor and in the TIMs seems to be associated with significantly better OS in surgically resected stage I lung cancer. Additional studies are needed to validate PD-L1 as a prognostic biomarker in lung cancer and to study the mechanisms of intratumoral immune response.
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Acoustoelastic Parameters in Aluminum

AbstractAluminum has become a structural material widely used not only in mechanical and aerospace engineering, but also, more recently, in civil engineering. Because of its structural properties—s...
Multiple Mating Potential in a Pteromalid Wasp Determined By Using an Insecticide Resistance Marker

A malathion-resistance gene was used as a marker to determine if multiple mating occurs in the haplo-diploid wasp, Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard). Results of bioassays of F1 progeny of virgin females from a malathion-susceptible strain paired sequentially with susceptible and resistant males provided evidence that multiple mating can occur. Of 35 parent females tested in this manner, 14 produced a small number of resistant F1 female progeny. Sperm from the initial mating was precedent and fertilized about 92% of the eggs in these females. When susceptible females were paired with susceptible males and allowed to parasitize weevils for 4 d prior to re-pairing, second matings with virgin resistant males did not occur. Male A. calandrae were polygynous and could successfully inseminate 10 virgin females within a 24-h period.
A nationwide analysis of re-operation after kidney transplant.

Introduction: We aimed to report the rate and short-term outcomes of patients undergoing re-operation following kidney transplant in the U.S. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to examine the clinical data of patients undergoing kidney transplant and re-operation during same the hospitalization from 2002‒2012. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to compare outcomes of patients with and without re-operation. Results: We sampled a total of 35 058 patients who underwent kidney transplant. Of these, 770 (2.2%) had re-operation during the same hospitalization. Re-operation was associated with a significant increase in mortality (30.4% vs. 3%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.62; p<0.01), mean total hospital charges ($249 425 vs. $145 403; p<0.01), and mean hospitalization length of patients (18 vs. 7 days; p<0.01). The most common day of re-operation was postoperative Day 1. Hemorrhagic complication (64.2%) was the most common reason for re-operation, followed by urinary tract complications (9.9%) and vascular complications (3.6%). Preoperative coagulopathy (AOR 3.35; p<0.01) was the strongest predictor of need for re-operation, hemorrhagic complications (AOR 3.08; p<0.01), and vascular complications (AOR 2.50; p<0.01). Also, hypertension (AOR 1.26; p<0.01) and peripheral vascular disorders (AOR 1.25; p=0.03) had associations with hemorrhagic complications. Conclusions: Re-operation after kidney transplant most commonly occurs on postoperative Day 1 and occurs in 2.2% of cases. It is associated with significantly increased mortality, hospitalization length, and total hospital charges. Hemorrhage is the most common complication. Preoperative coagulopathy is the strongest factor predicting the need for re-operation, vascular complications, and hemorrhagic complications.
Zerovalent Nickel Compounds Supported by 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Properties.

Zerovalent nickel compounds which feature 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (dppbz) were obtained via the reactivity of dppbz towards Ni(PMe3)4, which affords sequentially (dppbz)Ni(PMe3)2 and Ni(dppbz)2. Furthermore, the carbonyl derivatives (dppbz)Ni(PMe3)(CO) and (dppbz)Ni(CO)2 may be obtained via the reaction of CO with (dppbz)Ni(PMe3)2. Other methods for the synthesis of these carbonyl compounds include (i) the formation of (dppbz)Ni(CO)2 by the reaction of Ni(PPh3)2(CO)2 with dppbz and (ii) the formation of (dppbz)Ni(PMe3)(CO) by the reaction of (dppbz)Ni(CO)2 with PMe3. Comparison of the ν(CO) IR spectroscopic data for (dppbz)Ni(CO)2 with other (diphosphine)Ni(CO)2 compounds provides a means to evaluate the electronic nature of dppbz. Specifically, comparison with (dppe)Ni(CO)2 indicates that the o-phenylene linker creates a slightly less electron donating ligand than does an ethylene linker. The steric impact of the dppbz ligand in relation to other diphosphine ligands has also been evaluated in t...
The Curry Capital in Monica Ali's Brick Lane

(2011). The Curry Capital in Monica Ali's Brick Lane. South Asian Review: Vol. 32, 'On South Asian Diasporas', Guest Edited by B. P. Giri and Priya Kumar, pp. 139-159.
Glycogenic hepatopathy: A narrative review

Glycogenic hepatopathy (GH) is a rare complication of the poorly controlled diabetes mellitus characterized by the transient liver dysfunction with elevated liver enzymes and associated hepatomegaly caused by the reversible accumulation of excess glycogen in the hepatocytes. It is predominantly seen in patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes mellitus and rarely reported in association with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although it was first observed in the pediatric population, since then, it has been reported in adolescents and adults with or without ketoacidosis. The association of GH with hyperglycemia in diabetes has not been well established. One of the essential elements in the pathophysiology of development of GH is the wide fluctuation in both glucose and insulin levels. GH and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are clinically indistinguishable, and latter is more prevalent in diabetic patients and can progress to advanced liver disease and cirrhosis. Gradient dual-echo MRI can distinguish GH from NAFLD; however, GH can reliably be diagnosed only by liver biopsy. Adequate glycemic control can result in complete remission of clinical, laboratory and histological abnormalities. There has been a recent report of varying degree of liver fibrosis identified in patients with GH. Future studies are required to understand the biochemical defects underlying GH, noninvasive, rapid diagnostic tests for GH, and to assess the consequence of the fibrosis identified as severe fibrosis may progress to cirrhosis. Awareness of this entity in the medical community including specialists is low. Here we briefly reviewed the English literature on pathogenesis involved, recent progress in the evaluation, differential diagnosis, and management.
Simulation of Torsionally Loaded Deep Foundations Considering State-Dependent Load Transfer

AbstractDeep foundations may need to resist torsional loads, resulting from wind loading on traffic sign and signal pole structures, or seismic loading on curved or skewed bridges. Although design ...
A realistic performance evaluation of privacy-preserving protocols for smart grid AMI networks

Abstract The proliferation of ubiquitous communication with the Internet of Things has led to advancement in wireless communication technologies. Today, they have become an indispensable component of smart city applications thanks to the lower cost and easiness of the installation and the maintainability. For example, they are a promising alternative of the wired solutions used in Smart Grid Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) networks. However, wireless communication networks are more vulnerable to cyber-attacks and easier to be eavesdropped, so researchers have proposed a number of secure protocols. In addition to being vulnerable to cyber-attacks, AMI also exposes consumer power data which poses privacy issues. While there has been a lot of research to address these issues, the validation efforts mostly utilized simulators and actual overhead due to these approaches have not been captured in a realistic setup. Therefore, in this paper, we chose two open-source wireless mesh networking standards, IEEE 802.11s and ZigBee, and built an AMI testbed at FIU Engineering Center that will be able to collect power readings from smart meters. Then, we used the testbed to assess and compare the performance of the two standards under fully homomorphic encryption and secure multiparty computation-based privacy-preserving protocols that can provide computation on the encrypted data. Extensive experiments under a variety of conditions indicate that IEEE 802.11s-based wireless mesh networks are more suitable for the AMI networks when used with a reliable transport layer protocol at the expense of data collection completion time while ZigBee can be a viable option for protocols that generate relatively far smaller data packets.
Distance between two k-sets and Path-Systems Extendibility.

Given a simple graph G on n vertices, let σ2(G) be the minimum sum of the degrees of any two non adjacent vertices. The graph G is said to be connected if any two distinct vertices may be joined by a path. It is easy to see that if σ2(G) ≥ n − 1 then G is not only connected, but we can choose the connecting path to be of size at most two. Ore [4] proved that if σ2(G) ≥ n+ 1 we may always choose this path to cover all the vertices of G. In this paper we extend these results to systems of vertex disjoint paths connecting two vertex k-sets of G. 1 Preliminaries In this paper, G = (V,E) will denote a simple loopless graph with |G| = |V (G)| = n. The order and the size of a graph are respectfully the number of vertices and the number of edges in this graph. Definitions and notation that are not found here may be found in [2]. Let u, v ∈ V (G). If u 6= v, a [u, v]-path is a subgraph P of G constituted of a sequence of distinct vertices u = z1, z2, . . . , zp−1, zp = v along with edges between zi and zi+1 (for all 1 ≤ i ≤ p−1). We will consider a vertex u to be a [u, u]-path of order one; in this case we say the path is singular. The size of a path is the number of it’s edges.
Health span extension through green chemoprevention.

Green chemoprevention, the reduction of risk of cancer through the ingestion of plant phytochemicals, is an evidence-based, cost-effective, sustainable method of prevention that would be equally useful in developing countries and the first world.
Form and Pattern in Pediastrum

The members of the Hydrodictyaceae, which includes such genera as Hydrodictyon (the water net), Sorastrum, and Pediastrum, and also the Scenedesmaceae are of morphogenetic interest because the colony is assembled in a specific form from individual cells. The colony is a coenobium; the number of cells of the colony is determined at the time of mitosis and cytokinesis in the parental cell, and is fixed at 2n (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, etc.). No further cell division occurs until a new daughter colony is generated; growth of the colony is entirely by cell enlargement. Colony formation is asexual; the colony is assembled from spores. Sexual reproduction leads to the production of spores, which form the new colony. While genera of the Scenedesmaceae form colonies from non-motile autospores (Scenedesmus, Coelastrum), in the Hydrodictyaceae, swarming zoospores aggregate to form the colony (Hydrodictyon, Pediastrum, Sorastrum). The form of the colony is thus directed by the manner in which the spores assemble and the shapes the cells assume.
Study of the origin of subspectrality in molecular graphs

The subspectral origin of three families of molecules based on cyclobutadiene, benzene, and cyclooctatetraene is discussed. The graph theoretical decomposition of the fourfold cyclooctatetraene molecular graphs is presented in explicit form and has expedited the computation of their respective eigenvalues. The cyclic automorphism approach of Davidson is clarified and merged with the author's methodology leading to a more comprehensive procedure for rapidly determining the characteristic polynomial and eigenvalues of chemically significant molecular graphs. The graph theoretical determination of the characteristic polynomials and eigenvalues of two sixfold coronene-related molecular families is presented.
Can Quasi-Judicial Bodies at the World Bank Provide Justice in Human Rights Cases?

The Inspection Panel and Compliance Advisor/Ombudsman (CAO) are quasi-judicial bodies that hear human rights complaints related to World Bank projects. The Inspection Panel and CAO have adjudicated over 250 complaints, and at least 17 other development finance institutions have created similar bodies in their likeness. Unfortunately, we still lack a systematic understanding of their effectiveness. We evaluate the full universe of cases brought before the Inspection Panel and CAO and evaluate their ability to provide justice in human rights cases.
Abstract WP295: Improving Resident Confidence and Efficiency During Stroke Alerts Through Simulation Training

Background: While most institutions have mock simulations for a code blue or rapid response, there is no standard practice for stroke alert simulations to train neurology residents. This causes res...
Behavioral Sleep Interventions

Many children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) have problematic sleep, including delayed sleep initiation, poor sleep maintenance, sleep-onset association disorder, early morning awakenings, or difficulty waking. Disrupted sleep can negatively impact a child’s behavior, attention, alertness, and overall functioning. The importance of good sleep, including in children with NDD, has gained more attention and led to increased efforts to identify effective treatments for sleep problems. This chapter describes behavioral interventions that can be used to treat a wide variety of sleep concerns, with a particular emphasis on interventions used to target difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and difficulty waking. A case example illustrates the real-world application of many of the described strategies. Additional guidelines provide behavioral sleep recommendations for children with NDD and a brief discussion of the need for additional empirical research on the effectiveness of behavioral sleep interventions for children with NDD.
The Effect of Refugee Integration on Migrant Labor in Jordan

Before the Syrian civil war, Egyptians were the single largest migrant labor community in Jordan. Labor market pressures and changes to the Jordanian work permit system have resulted in the increasing vulnerability of Egyptian labor, who have been the primary labor force on Jordanian farms and construction sites since the late 1970s. Using new data from the 2015 Jordanian census, the 2010 and 2016 Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey, and field interviews conducted in Jordan from 2014 to 2018, I show that higher concentrations of Syrians at the subdistrict level are associated with higher rates of informal labor market participation for Egyptians. Furthermore, higher proportions of Syrians do not correlate with negative impacts on the formality or household wealth of Jordanian citizens, suggesting that Syrian labor does not directly compete with the Jordanian labor force. Given the importance of supporting host communities during refugee crises, this analysis sheds light on how mass forced migration affects other vulnerable segments of the migrant labor force in the Global South.
Improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction after radiofrequency catheter ablation of premature atrial contractions in a 23-year-old man.

Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy has been reported with a range of sustained supraventricular tachycardia including atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia,1 dual atrioventricular nodal nonreentrant tachycardia,2 and double fire tachycardia, as well as frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).3 Although the hallmark of both tachycardia-mediated and PVC-induced cardiomyopathy is resolution upon treating the inciting arrhythmia,4 underlying mechanisms likely differ based on differing time course of onset and associated structural changes.5, 6 We present a patient with frequent symptomatic premature atrial contractions (PACs) who had normalization of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction upon successful PAC catheter ablation. To date, we are aware of only one prior report of PAC-mediated cardiomyopathy.7
Relational labeling unlocks inert knowledge

Abstract Insightful solutions often come about by recalling a relevant prior situation—one that shares the same essential relational pattern as the current problem. Unfortunately, our memory retrievals often depend primarily on surface matches, rather than relational matches. For example, a person who is familiar with the idea of positive feedback in sound systems may fail to think of it in the context of global warming. We suggest that one reason for the failure of cross-domain relational retrieval is that relational information is typically encoded variably, in a context-dependent way. In contrast, the surface features of that context—such as objects, animals and characters—are encoded in a relatively stable way, and are therefore easier to retrieve across contexts. We propose that the use of relational language can serve to make situations' relational representations more uniform, thereby facilitating relational retrieval. In two studies, we find that providing relational labels for situations at encoding or at retrieval increased the likelihood of relational retrieval. In contrast, domain labels—labels that highlight situations' contextual features—did not reliably improve domain retrieval. We suggest that relational language allows people to retrieve knowledge that would otherwise remain inert and contributes to domain experts' insight.
Desde la historia -y la historia- hasta la identidad política: estrategia narrativa del General Vicente Riva Palacio en Monja y casada y Martín Garatuza

Luego de que Mexico lograra independizarse, fue necesario conformar en la conciencia del pueblo la imagen de una nacion que, al margen de las herencias de la Colonia, adquiriera identidad autonoma. De este modo, a la lucha de polvora y canones le sucedio una lucha cuya arma principal fue la pluma de los escritores. Asi, en una situacion liminal en la que el paradigma colonial estaba derrumbandose y el nuevo concepto de nacion solo era la firma sobre un papel, Ignacio Manuel Altamirano (1834-1893) propone a la novela historica como el conducto a traves del cual se cristalizaria la nueva conciencia nacionalista. Vicente Riva Palacio (1832-1896), uno de los principales seguidores de la doctrina de Altamirano, lleva a cabo la propuesta de este ultimo cuando escribe dos de sus novelas: Martin Garatuza (1868) y Monja y casada, virgen y martir (1868). En ambas novelas, detras de una trama de corte dramatico, e incluso romantico, Riva Palacio supo esconder un mensaje para el lector de la epoca: a saber, que era imprescindible superar los lineamientos de la Colonia y mirar mas atras, al instante primordial, donde se encontrarian los elementos para construir la nueva identidad de la nacion.
Human robot assignment for CS0 or CS1: nifty assignment

The purpose of this assignment is (a) to get students familiar with the level of detail required in developing computer programs, and (b) to reduce student anxiety about computer programming, and about the course. This assignment is to write a 'program' to move a human 'robot' from one location on campus to some other location on campus. The assignment consists of four phases. Phase One consists of talking about what kinds of instructions might be required to program a human robot and developing a command set for the human robot (see below). Phase Two consists of each student writing a program to move the human robot from the front of the classroom to some specified location on campus. In Phase Three students pair up with student #1 playing the role of a human robot, and following the instructions in student #2's program. Student #2 observes and notes 'bugs' in his or her program. The pairs of students then return to the classroom and exchange roles. Finally, in Phase Four, each student then takes his or her program, as well as their observations re bugs, and rewrites the program to correct those bugs.
Stochastic optimization over proximally smooth sets

We introduce a class of stochastic algorithms for minimizing weakly convex functions over proximally smooth sets. As their main building blocks, the algorithms use simplified models of the objective function and the constraint set, along with a retraction operation to restore feasibility. All the proposed methods come equipped with a finite time efficiency guarantee in terms of a natural stationarity measure. We discuss consequences for nonsmooth optimization over smooth manifolds and over sets cut out by weakly-convex inequalities.
Endocrine-Disrupting Air Pollutants and Their Effects on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

Anthropogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can contaminate air, soil, and water. Human exposures to EDCs occur through inhalation, absorption, and ingestion. EDCs act by disrupting various pathways in the endocrine system. When the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is disrupted by EDCs, there can be effects on fertility in both men and women. Not only can fertility be indirectly affected by EDC disruptions of the HPG axis, but EDCs can also directly affect the menstrual cycle and sperm morphology. In this review, we will discuss the current findings on EDCs that can be inhaled. This review examines effects of exposure to prominent EDCs: brominated and organophosphate flame retardants, diesel exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cadmium and lead, TCDD, and polychlorinated biphenyls on fertility through alterations that disrupt the HPG axis and fertility through inhalation. Although the studies included herein include multiple exposure routes, all the studies indicate receptor interactions that can occur from inhalation and the associated effects of all compounds on the HPG axis and subsequent fertility.
Inclusivity in Medical Education: Teaching Integrative and Alternative Medicine in Kentucky

Anthropologists have a long history of teaching in medical schools in the United States and internationally. The four fields approach has fostered the expertise needed to contribute to the medical school curriculum in numerous ways. In this chapter, I discuss my experience as an anthropologist and professor in the University of Kentucky College of Medicine and focus on the implementation of medical school electives on integrative and alternative medicine. Integrative and alternative medicine as a topic illuminates many of the presumptions inherent in conventional or biomedicine and provides a way to expose students to “non-conventional” healing modalities and traditions that promise to challenge their views and enhance their educational experience. Ultimately the goal is to present options not offered in a “diagnose and dispense” model of healthcare [Kemper (Complementary Therapies in Medicine 26:A1, 2016)], in which prescription drugs are often the principal approach to prevention and treatment. In this way, anthropologists can have a positive impact on patient health and well-being through the education of future practitioners.
Outcomes in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Clostridioides difficile Coinfection

Background Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease. However, it may manifest with gastrointestinal symptoms that may overlap with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). COVID-19 appears to have higher mortality in those with comorbidities. We aimed to assess the outcomes of coinfection in these patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients with CDI and COVID-19 from January 1st, 2020 to November 17th, 2020. Both infections were diagnosed via PCR. Clinical features, treatment for COVID-19 and CDI and outcomes including intensive care unit admission, colectomy, 30 day-mortality and long-term complications were analyzed. Results Overall, 21 patients (20 hospitalized) with median age 70.9 years (range 51.8-90.7 years) had CDI and COVID-19 within 4 weeks of each other. Of these, 4 patients (19%) with CDI were diagnosed with COVID-19 at the time of admission, 12 (57%) had CDI diagnosed after COVID-19, and 5 (23.9%) developed COVID-19 within 4 weeks after CDI. Fourteen patients (66.7%) were treated with medications directed against COVID-19 including remdesivir and dexamethasone (n=7), remdesivir with convalescent plasma (n= 1), remdesivir (n= 5) and dexamethasone (n=1). The most common treatment for CDI was oral vancomycin in 20 patients (95.2%), and 1 patient received intravenous metronidazole. No patient required colectomy for CDI but 2 (9.5%) required ICU admission. Four patients (19%) died likely due to COVID-19 with median age 80 years (range 61-90 years). Conclusion The relationship between COVID-19 and CDI is poorly understood, and studies are required to further investigate this association. Whether coinfection results in a worsening of outcomes, including mortality and clinical course, are questions that should be answered in future research studies. Diagnosing both infections for appropriate management is vital in light of overlapping symptoms.
Klinefelter Syndrome: Early Treatment of the Adolescent Is Not Warranted

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosomal disorder in men, diagnosed 1 in 600 newborn males. Young boys with KS typically display various hormonal abnormalities and spermatogenic degeneration before the completion of puberty. There is controversy as to the optimal time to begin fertility treatment in KS patients. While early intervention has been proposed, treatment of KS adolescents is not warranted based on currently available data. Early intervention, including testosterone therapy and testicular biopsy can result in long-term adverse effects. Cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells during adolescence is of unknown benefit. Sperm retrieval rates in KS adults are better than retrieval rates from adolescents and comparable or better than rates seen in other men with nonobstructive azoospermia. Hormonal optimization followed by testicular sperm retrieval in an adult remains the proven standard of treatment for fertility management of KS patients.
Outcome of positive-pressure ventilation in dogs and cats with congestive heart failure: 16 cases (1992-2012).

Objective To describe the indications, duration of ventilation, underlying cardiac diseases, and outcome of dogs and cats undergoing positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) for treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). Design Two-site retrospective study (1992–2012). Setting Two university small animal teaching hospitals. Animals Six cats and 10 dogs undergoing PPV for CHF. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Medical records were searched to identify patients requiring PPV for treatment of pulmonary edema secondary to CHF. Sixteen animals fulfilled these criteria. Patient signalment, duration of PPV, underlying cardiac disease, arterial or venous blood gas values, pharmacologic therapy before, during, and after PPV, anesthetic drugs, complications, and outcome were recorded. Overall survival to discharge was 62.5% (10/16). Mean (±SD) duration of PPV was 30.8 ± 21.3 hours and average time from presentation for CHF to initiation of PPV was 5.9 ± 6.4 hours. Azotemia at the time of initiation of ventilation, development of anuria or oliguria, and use of pentobarbital for anesthesia were negatively associated with survival (P = 0.011, P = 0.036, and P = 0.036, respectively). Survival-to-discharge rate was 77% (10/13) for patients treated after 2005 and those not receiving pentobarbital. There was no significant effect attributed to age, sex, weight, species, nature of heart disease, furosemide dose, length of ventilation, use of vasopressors, first-time CHF events, or plasma lactate concentration on survival to discharge. Conclusions Dogs and cats requiring PPV for CHF have a good overall prognosis for hospital discharge and require PPV for a relatively short duration. Azotemia, oliguria or anuria, and the use of pentobarbital are negatively associated with outcome.
Fusion of broken tracks in a multitarget environment

A method is presented for calculating the probability that an old or lost track is from the same target as a newly formed track and for using that probability to decide if any old track went to a new track or is no longer being tracked. Different a priori models for maneuvers are examined to determine their importance in the decision process. Simulation results are presented. >
Cardiovascular Effects of Erythropoietin: An Update

Abstract Erythropoietin (EPO) is a therapeutic product of recombinant DNA technology and it has been in clinical use as stimulator of erythropoiesis over the last two decades. Identification of EPO and its receptor (EPOR) in the cardiovascular system expanded understanding of physiological and pathophysiological role of EPO. In experimental models of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders, EPO exerts protection either by preventing apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells, or by increasing endothelial production of nitric oxide. In addition, EPO stimulates mobilization of progenitor cells from bone marrow thereby accelerating repair of injured endothelium and neovascularization. A novel signal transduction pathway involving EPOR—β-common heteroreceptor is postulated to enhance EPO-mediated tissue protection. A better understanding of the role of β-common receptor signaling as well as development of novel analogs of EPO with enhanced nonhematopoietic protective effects may expand clinical application of EPO in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders.
Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Communication, by Hornig Priest, Susanna (Ed.)

One might reasonably ask whether we need yet another encyclopedia. For many professionals, students, and researchers interested in the intersection of health, science, and technology, though, makin...
High photosynthetic capacity of a winter annual in death valley.

Camissonia claviformis, a winter annual of Death Valley, California, that fixes carbon dioxide by the C 3 mechanism, has an in situ photosynthetic rate at midday in spring of nearly 6 nanomoles of carbon dioxide per square centimeter per second—an exceptionally high rate. Camissonia fixes absorbed noon sunlight in the 400- to 700-nanometer region into chemical energy with an efficiency of 8.5 percent, which is 80 percent of that theoretically possible for intact leaves. This performance is primarily due to an unusual capacity to utilize high irradiances. Factors associated with this include a high stomatal conductance to carbon dioxide and high levels of soluble protein and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase.
Geosynchronous Satellite Perturbations Due to Earth's Triaxiality and Luni-Solar Effects

Geosynchronous satellite perturbations are developed in terms of equinoctial orbital elements. The Earth's triaxiality effect is represented by zonal and tesseral harmonics up to J33 coefficients. Lunar motion is represented by the Hill-Brown theory with coefficients up to 10 ~3 rad. The solar motion is described by an elliptic orbit expansion with terms up to 10 ~4 rad. The equations of motion are described by a Hamiltonian system that leads to three decoupled sets of simple-pendul um equations with forced oscillations. The basic periods of these forced oscillations are essentially the satellite-diurnal, lunar-monthly, solar-yearly, lunar perigee 8.9-year progression and lunar node 18.6-year regression.
Using personality and cognitive ability to predict academic achievement in a young adult sample

Abstract This study examined the relationship between cognitive ability, personality, and academic achievement in post-secondary students, using latent variable models. Testing both simple and complex relationships, we found that cognitive ability and personality predicted reading achievement independently, but that they interact when predicting math achievement – at least in the Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience domains.
A Global Approach to Vehicle Control: Coordination of Four Wheel Steering and Wheel Torques

Currently, advanced control systems implemented on production ground vehicles have the goal of promoting maneuverability and stability. With proper coordination of steering and braking action, these goals may be achieved even when road conditions are severe. This paper considers the effect of steering and wheel torques on the dynamics of vehicular systems. Through the input-output linearization technique, the advantages of four-wheel steering (4WS) system and independent torques control are clear from a mathematical point of view. A sliding mode controller is also designed to modify driver’s steering and braking commands to enhance maneuverability and safety. Simulation results show the maneuverability and safety are improved. Although the controller design is based on a four-wheel steering vehicle, the algorithm can also be applied to vehicles of different configurations with slight changes.
Diagnostic concordance of substance use disorders in DSM-III, DSM-IV and ICD-10

Abstract Diagnostic concordance of DSM-III, DSM-IV and ICD-10 was tested in a heterogeneous unrestricted sample of 370 clinical cases drawn from a regional consortium. Agreement for abuse/harmful use, dependence, and the collapsed category of ‘any diagnosis’ was studied across eight drug classes. A probabilistic approach to the cross-classifications based on configurai frequency analysis was applied, permitting the computation of four indices of agreement. In contrast to earlier studies, ICD-10 appeared to be the most inclusive system, and often diagnosed cases that were undiagnosed by both DSMs. Generally satisfactory coherence between the ICD-10 harmful use category and the DSM category of abuse was found, but this agreement was often due to a preponderance of negative or undiagnosed cases; disagreement was common on which cases in particular warrant a mild diagnosis. In general, the greatest diagnostic concordance was observed for sedative/hypnotics, opiates and alcohol, the poorest for amphetamines, cocaine and PCP. The analytic approach produced an array of cross-system relationships that are more complex and conditional than those previously reported, and scientists and clinicians are cautioned to study particular drugs, diagnostic levels and measures of concordance before applying cross-system results to their own data or design needs.
Associations Between Family Communication Patterns, Sibling Closeness, and Adoptive Status

Previous research has demonstrated the protective effect of family and sibling closeness on child adjustment, but fewer studies have investigated how closeness is promoted within families. Guided by Family Communication Patterns Theory, we tested the association between family communication and sibling emotional and behavioral closeness, and whether adoptive status moderated this relationship. Participating families included 616 adoptive and non-adoptive families with two adolescent children. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Sibling closeness was highest in families that emphasized both conversation and conformity and lowest in families that emphasized only conversation or neither conversation nor conformity. Emotional and behavioral closeness were differentially associated with adoption status, sibling age, and sibling gender. Few moderating effects of adoption status were found. Post hoc analyses showed moderating effects of sibling gender composition.
Interferon monotherapy for dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C: an analysis of the literature on efficacy and safety

Interferon monotherapy for dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C: an analysis of the literature on efficacy and safety
Intelligibility Characteristics of Superior Esophageal Speech Presented under Various Levels of Masking Noise

Broad-band masking of speech was used to assess the effects that broad-band masking noise had upon the recognition of consonants and vowels produced by esophageal speakers. Procedures were develope...
Update in critical care medicine.

The studies summarized in this Update illustrate how relatively simple ideas and solutions in the intensive care unit can reduce mortality and complication rates and save costs.
Analysis of the effect of cytokines (interleukins 2, 3, 4, and 6, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interferon-gamma) on generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a weakly immunogenic tumor.

Abstract We have investigated the role of cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF) in the generation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), within a single tumor system. The murine carcinoma line 1 was transfected with expression vectors with cDNA for these cytokines. Line 1 expresses low levels of class I MHC molecules, but can be induced with dimethyl sulfoxide or IFN-γ to express high levels of class I. Class I low line 1 cells are not susceptible to CTL lysis, while class I high line 1 are lysed by CTL, which allows us to assay for CTL activity. To isolate primary CTL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from cytokine-expressing or control tumors, growing in vivo. Most cytokines stimulated nonspecific killers, but IL-2 and IL-3 stimulated primary CTL. While IFN-γ alone did not generate primary CTL, coexpression of IFN-γ with IL-2 resulted in CTL generation. This is the first comparison of the effects of a series of cytokines on primary CTL development, and has important implications for vaccine development and immunotherapy.