cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of neuroendocrine prostate cancer

Abstract Background Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive variant of prostate cancer that may arise de novo or in patients previously treated with hormonal therapies for prostate adenocarcinoma as a mechanism of resistance. Despite being important to recognise, the clinical features of NEPC are poorly defined and could help guide when to perform a biopsy to look for NEPC histologic transformation. Methods We reviewed baseline, treatment and outcome data of 87 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and tumour biopsy confirming NEPC histology. Forty-seven (54.0%) NEPC cases presented de novo, and 40 (46.0%) were therapy-related (t-NEPC). Thirty-six (41.4%) were classified as pure small-cell carcinoma, and 51 (58.6%) demonstrated mixed features with both small-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma present. Genomic data were available for 47 patients. Results The median age at time of NEPC was 68.1 years, median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 1.20 ng/ml (0.14 ng/mL small-cell carcinoma, 1.55 ng/mL mixed carcinoma) and sites of metastases included bone (72.6%), lymph node (47.0%), and viscera (65.5%). Median time from adenocarcinoma to t-NEPC diagnosis was 39.7 months (range, 24.5–93.8) with a median of two lines of prior systemic therapy. Platinum chemotherapy was used to treat 57.5% of patients, with a median progression-free survival of 3.9 months. Small-cell carcinoma was associated with worse overall survival (OS) than mixed histology (8.9 months from NEPC diagnosis versus 26.1 months, P Conclusions We describe the clinical features of a cohort of patients with NEPC. These characteristics may inform future diagnostic strategies.
College student suicide risk: The relationship between alexithymia, impulsivity, and internal locus of control

Suicide has become the second leading cause of death for individuals between 15 and 29 years old and increasingly more common within college students (WHO, 2016). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among alexithymia, impulsivity, and locus of control as predictors of suicide risk in college students. Participants were comprised of 550 undergraduate students from two universities in the southeastern United States. Multiple regression analyses were examined to evaluate what variables could be significant predictors of suicide risk in college students. Age, alexithymia subscales of difficulty identifying feelings and externally oriented thinking, and impulsivity subscales of motor, self-control, and nonplanning were considered significant in the regression analysis of suicide risk. Psychoeducational implications, limitations, and future directions are also discussed.
p ¯ − p Annihilations to K and π Mesons at 2.7 GeV/ c

We report results on the reactions $\overline{p}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K+\overline{K}+n\ensuremath{\pi}$ ($n=1, 2, \ensuremath{\cdots}$) at 2.7 GeV/c. The cross section for this process is estimated to be 4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 mb. Comparison of 2.7-GeV/c partial cross sections with data at 3.0 and 3.7 GeV/c indicates that these partial cross sections either are relatively constant or slowly decrease with energy. ${K}^{*}(890)$ production is observed in all the four-, five-, and six-body final states. The production of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{0}$ is also observed. The $K\overline{K}$ mass spectra show enhancements near threshold as has been seen in other $\overline{p}\ensuremath{-}p$ experiments. The present data cannot distinguish between a resonance or $S$-wave scattering-length interpretation of these enhancements. No significant evidence for resonances decaying into $K\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ or $K\overline{K}\ensuremath{\pi}$ was observed.
Atomic arrangement and mechanical properties of chemical-vapor-deposited amorphous boron

Abstract Amorphous boron can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) onto a tungsten wire substrate, and this core-shell fiber has been widely used in high-performance composites due to its superior mechanical properties. Although the amorphous boron coating makes a significant contribution to the high fracture strength, its mechanical properties have not been studied rigorously due to its thin thickness and strong adhesion to the substrate. Furthermore, the medium-range atomic ordering of CVD amorphous boron has not been clearly understood, and the determination of the closest crystalline structure has been a challenge. In this study, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), nanoindentation, and in-situ micropillar compression were performed to investigate the atomic arrangement and mechanical properties. Electron diffraction and autocorrelation function analysis revealed α-rhombohedral boron ordering as the closest crystalline structure. Micropillar compression displayed near-ideal yield strength (~13 GPa), but nanoindentation a relatively moderate Young's modulus (~320 GPa), leading to a modulus of resilience (2.64 × 108 J/m3) unprecedentedly higher than most advanced engineering materials. Our structural and mechanical data will be discussed in terms of lattice point spacing and the influence of surface defects on fracture strength, respectively. Our results will be potentially useful to improve mechanical properties of amorphous boron core-shell fibers and related composites.
The Role of Noninvasive Ventilation in Cystic Fibrosis: A Cochrane Review Summary With Commentary

One of the primary indications for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is for the treatment of acute respiratory failure. NIV is often used in attempts to avoid tracheal intubation, and it is also commonly utilized for managing chronic respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease as well as other
Death and the Textile Industry in Nigeria

This book draws upon thinking about the work of the dead in the context of deindustrialization—specifically, the decline of the textile industry in Kaduna, Nigeria—and its consequences for deceased workers’ families. The author shows how the dead work in various ways for Christians and Muslims who worked in KTL mill in Kaduna, not only for their families who still hope to receive termination remittances, but also as connections to extended family members in other parts of Nigeria and as claims to land and houses in Kaduna. Building upon their actions as a way of thinking about the ways that the dead work for the living, the author focuses on three major themes. The first considers the growth of the city of Kaduna as a colonial construct which, as the capital of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria, was organized by neighborhoods, by public cemeteries, and by industrial areas. The second theme examines the establishment of textile mills in the industrial area and new ways of thinking about work and labor organization, time regimens, and health, particularly occupational ailments documented in mill clinic records. The third theme discusses the consequences of KTL mill workers’ deaths for the lives of their widows and children. This book will be of interest to scholars of African studies, development studies, anthropology of work, and the history of industrialization. The Introduction, Chapter 2 and the Conclusion of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781003058137
Abstract LB-107: TET2/DNMT3A mutations and exceptional response to novel epigenetic agent in human malignancies

Background: Challenges remain on the selection of patients who potentially respond to a class of drugs that target the epigenetics for cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate TET2/DNMT3A mutations, their role on prognosis, and relation between the mutations and antitumor activity of a novel epigenetic agent in multiple human cancer cell lines and animal models. Methods:TET2/DNMT3A mutation data in human malignancies were obtained from cBioPortal. Eighteen cancer cell lines and multiple mouse models bearing representative human solid tumors were subjected to 49-thio-29-deoxycytidine (T-dCyd) or saline treatment. Gene mutations were examined by whole exome and/or Sanger sequencing in these cell lines. Pharmacodynamic modulation of specific gene expression was analyzed in xenograft tumor samples by immunohistochemistry. Results:TET2 and DNMT3A were frequently mutated in angioimmunoblastic/peripheral T-cell lymphomas, several types of leukemias and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and mutated in lung, breast, skin, and kidney cancers. T-dCyd significantly reduced cell survival in lung NCI-H23, breast BT549, melanoma SKMEL5 and renal ACHN cancer cells that harbor deleterious TET2 and nonsynonymous DNMT3A mutations compared to 14 lines without such pattern of alterations (P = 0.006; 2-sided T-test). Anti-tumor effect was validated in vivo; T-dCyd significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice with TET2/DNMT3A mutation-positive tumors. Histological evaluation revealed a near eradication of tumor cells by T-dCyd in NCI-H23 xenografts. T-dCyd administrations led to a remarkable and persistent p21Waf1/Cip1 increase during treatment (P Citation Format: Sherry X. Yang, Larry Rubinstein, Dat Nguyen, Angelo B. Larenjeira, Robert Kinders, Michael Difilippantonio, James H. Doroshow. TET2/DNMT3A mutations and exceptional response to novel epigenetic agent in human malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-107.
Learning Microeconometrics with R

This book provides an introduction to the field of microeconometrics through the use of R. The focus is on applying current learning from the field to real world problems. It uses R to both teach the concepts of the field and show the reader how the techniques can be used. It is aimed at the general reader with the equivalent of a bachelor’s degree in economics, statistics or some more technical field. It covers the standard tools of microeconometrics, OLS, instrumental variables, Heckman selection and difference in difference. In addition, it introduces bounds, factor models, mixture models and empirical Bayesian analysis. Key Features: Focuses on the assumptions underlying the algorithms rather than their statistical properties. Presents cutting-edge analysis of factor models and finite mixture models. Uses a hands-on approach to examine the assumptions made by the models and when the models fail to estimate accurately. Utilizes interesting real-world data sets that can be used to analyze important microeconomic problems. Introduces R programming concepts throughout the book. Includes appendices that discuss some of the standard statistical concepts and R programming used in the book.
Opioid Analgesics and Narcotic Antagonists

Abstract The Side Effects of Drugs Annuals forms a series of volumes in which the adverse effects of drugs and adverse reactions to them are surveyed. This series supplements the contents of Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: the International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. This review of December 2014 to July 2015 publications on adverse reactions to opioid analgesics and narcotic antagonists covers alfentanil, codeine, dextrometrophan, diamorphine (heroin), dihydrocodeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, papaverine, pethidine, remifentanyl, tramadol, buprenorphine, methylnaltrexone, naloxone, and naltrexone. This edition also features emerging evidence of ketamine as an adjunct for analgesia.
Enabling fast convergence of the iterated penalty Picard iteration with $O(1)$ penalty parameter for incompressible Navier-Stokes via Anderson acceleration

This paper considers an enhancement of the classical iterated penalty Picard (IPP) method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, where we restrict our attention to $O(1)$ penalty parameter, and Anderson acceleration (AA) is used to significantly improve its convergence properties. After showing the fixed point operator associated with the IPP iteration is Lipschitz continuous and Lipschitz continuously (Frechet) differentiable, we apply a recently developed general theory for AA to conclude that IPP enhanced with AA improves its linear convergence rate by the gain factor associated with the underlying AA optimization problem. Results for several challenging numerical tests are given and show that IPP with penalty parameter 1 and enhanced with AA is a very effective solver.
Increased Risks or Peace of Mind? Exploring Fear, Victimization, and Safety Strategies Among Women Planning to Get a Gun.

Much of the research on firearm owners implies that the U.S. population can be divided into two groups—those that own guns and those that do not; however, there is a third group—those thinking of g...
Concordance of multiple methods to define resiliency and vulnerability to sleep loss depends on Psychomotor Vigilance Test metric.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep restriction (SR) and total sleep deprivation (TSD) reveal well-established individual differences in Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) performance. While prior studies have used different methods to categorize such resiliency/vulnerability, none have systematically investigated whether these methods categorize individuals similarly. METHODS 41 adults participated in a 13-day laboratory study consisting of 2 baseline, 5 SR, 4 recovery, and one 36h TSD night. The PVT was administered every 2h during wakefulness. Three approaches (Raw Score [average SR performance], Change from Baseline [average SR minus average baseline performance], and Variance [intraindividual variance of SR performance]), and within each approach, six thresholds (±1 standard deviation and the best/worst performing 12.5%, 20%, 25%, 33%, and 50%) classified Resilient/Vulnerable groups. Kendall's tau-b correlations examined the concordance of group categorizations of approaches within and between PVT lapses and 1/reaction time (RT). Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped t-tests compared group performance. RESULTS Correlations comparing the approaches ranged from moderate to perfect for lapses and zero to moderate for 1/RT. Defined by all approaches, the Resilient groups had significantly fewer lapses on nearly all study days. Defined by the Raw Score approach only, the Resilient groups had significantly faster 1/RT on all study days. Between-measures comparisons revealed significant correlations between the Raw Score approach for 1/RT and all approaches for lapses. CONCLUSION The three approaches defining vigilant attention resiliency/vulnerability to sleep loss resulted in groups comprised of similar individuals for PVT lapses but not for 1/RT. Thus, both method and metric selection for defining vigilant attention resiliency/vulnerability to sleep loss is critical.
The cure of leukemia through the optimist's prism

Progress is occurring at a dizzying rate across all leukemias. Since the authors' review of the topic in Cancer in 2018, numerous discoveries have been made that have improved the therapy and outcomes of several leukemia subsets. Hairy cell leukemia is potentially curable with a single course of cladribine followed by rituximab (10-year survival, ≥90%). Acute promyelocytic leukemia is curable at a rate of 80% to 90% with a nonchemotherapy regimen of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. The cure rate for core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is ≥75% with fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Survival for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia is close to that for an age-matched normal population with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a previously incurable disease, may now be potentially curable with a finite duration of therapy with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and venetoclax. The estimated 5-year survival rate for patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exceeds 70% with intensive chemotherapy and ponatinib, a third-generation BCR-ABL1 TKI, and more recent nonchemotherapy regimens using dasatinib or ponatinib with blinatumomab are producing outstanding results. Survival in both younger and older patients with ALL has improved with the addition of antibodies targeting CD20, CD19 (blinatumomab), and CD22 (inotuzumab) to chemotherapy. Several recent drug discoveries (venetoclax, FLT3 and IDH inhibitors, and oral hypomethylating agents) are also improving outcomes for younger and older patients with AML and for those with higher risk myelodysplastic syndrome.
Exploring stratigraphic traps: an example from the Upper Jurassic in Block 33/9, the Norwegian North Sea

Abstract Stratigraphic trapping potential is identified in Block 33/9 by the occurrence of a seismically well-defined Upper Jurassic anomaly interpreted to represent sands deposited in the hanging wall of a rotated fault block. This interpretation is supported by a fan-shaped morphology, very distinctive mounding and associated differential compaction observed on 3D seismic data. Similar oil-bearing sandstones have been penetrated in the Statfjord Nord Field, where the Upper Jurassic (Volgian) sandstones (informally designated “Munin”) consist of a shoaling-upward shallow marine sequence with excellent reservoir characteristics overlying a turbidite lithofacies with very good to excellent porosities and permeabilities. The Upper Jurassic Draupne and Heather shales envelop the “Munin” sandstones, thereby acting as a seal and in the case of Draupne Formation, an organic-rich source rock. High-quality 3D seismic data were used to map this play. A two-dimensional seismic modelling study was undertaken to constrain the geologic model of a distinct seismic anomaly. The modelled time response shows a remarkable likeness to the real seismic data. Because this is a stratigraphic play, trap and seal are interdependent, and constitute the main risks.
Plant Biology in 2010

The completion of the Arabidopsis sequence will be followed by a new ten-year project that will determine the function of all angiosperm genes. Funding for the U.S. component of this multinational project will originate from a new initiative from the U.S. National Science Foundation called the 2010 Project. Progress toward completion of this ambitious project will necessitate significant changes in how the plant biology community selects and approaches research objectives. The plan envisions that the project will facilitate the development of a computational model of a virtual plant that will allow predictive queries about basic mechanisms underlying plant growth and development.
Workshop on Software Safety-Summary of the '94 CMBS Syposium's Software Safety Workshop

Abstract: This paper presents a summary of the 1994 IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems' Software Safety Workshop. The focus of these workshops is to facilitate the use and growth of software safety techniques. The software safety field is relatively new (roughly 15 years old in the U.S.); therefore, engineers and scientists are constantly working on new ideas and techniques for developing safety-critical software systems. Unfortunately, safety-critical techniques are not finding there way into industry as fast as some need or desire. This paper (and the software safety workshops) are one means for trying to achieve these goals.
Sustainable intensification of cultivated pastures using multiple herbivore species

Demand for animal products is growing faster than for any other agricultural product. As a result, pressure for greater output from cultivated pastures is expected to increase. Assuming cultivated pasture area will decrease with land degradation, conversion to grain crops or urban expansion, the only alternative is to increase productivity per area. We suggest an underutilised solution: increase herbivore diversity on cultivated pastures. We review multiple herbivore species (MHS) ecology in natural ecosystems (rangeland and wildlife parks) for guidelines to implementing this approach in cultivated pasture. In rangeland or natural grassland systems, sequential or simultaneous introduction of MHS results in greater productivity, diversity and resilience of plant as well as animal populations. Replacing historical mono-ruminant systems with MHS or classes on cultivated pasture is currently beyond landowner experience and will stretch cultivated pasture science. This approach becomes more feasible, however, as cultivated pastures increase in plant biodiversity and canopy complexity. We enumerate research and demonstration topics that might promulgate MHS in cultivated pastures.
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography of some pesticides and related compounds. Solubility-retention relationships.

The liquid chromatographic retentions of 17 pesticides have been studied on Vydac reversed-phase in water—methanol and water—ehtanol mixed solvents. The logarithm of the adjusted retention relative to methoxychlor correlated linearly with Beroza partition p-values recorded in heptane—90% ethanol (correlation coefficients greater than 0.25). The resulting relationship could have value in the choice of eluting solvent ratio and prediction of relative retentions in the separation of mixtures, and in defining the polarity of unknowns in mixtures. Retention characteristics of some polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures are gifen for illustration. Relative responses of the pesticides to the 254-nm ultraviolet detector were tabulated to allow estimation of limits of detectability for individual compounds.
Executive Cognitive Function of Older People with HIV/AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been a growing area of concern for social workers and other health care professionals. Living with HIV/AIDS in the primary care clients are more vulnerable to be subjected to executive cognitive impairment. Clients' cognitive impairment can prevent their families and health care professionals from understanding concerns about executive cognitive functioning. Although there are individual differences dependent upon medications, copying patterns and strategies, and disease status, this study suggests that aging people, and especially men, might be vulnerable to particular declines related to executive cognitive function. The strong associations observed between executive cognitive function impairment and age and gender suggests that interventions to counter executive cognitive dysfunction may be fruitful.
Creating a personal web notebook

This paper introduces a tool, called Nabbit, to go from the World-Wide Web to Your Own Web. Nabbit uses a copy-and-paste paradigm, adapted to the way the web is used, to provide a convenient personal notebook. While browsing, users can select, with the mouse, any part of an HTML page they are looking at, and Nabbit will copy that part with the original format -- images, forms, links and all -- to their own pages. The source, date, and even personal comments are copied as well. Collection of information becomes as simple as "here's what I want -- click -- I got it." Nabbit can be used to write reports interleaved with web content, maintain extended hot lists (with your own comments and even parts of pages), collect selected hits from search results, and much more.
Exercise-induced differential changes in gene expression among arterioles of skeletal muscles of obese rats

Using next-generation, transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology we assessed the effects of exercise training on transcriptional profiles in skeletal muscle arterioles isolated from the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats that underwent an endurance exercise training program (EX; n = 13), interval sprint training program (SPRINT; n = 14), or remained sedentary (Sed; n = 12). We hypothesized that the greatest effects of exercise would be in the gastrocnemius arterioles. Results show that EX caused the largest number of changes in gene expression in the soleus and white gastrocnemius 2a arterioles with little to no changes in the feed arteries. In contrast, SPRINT caused substantial changes in gene expression in the feed arteries. IPA canonical pathway analysis revealed 18 pathways with significant changes in gene expression when analyzed across vessels and revealed that EX induces increased expression of the following genes in all arterioles examined: Shc1, desert hedgehog protein (Dhh), adenylate cyclase 4 (Adcy4), G protein binding protein, alpha (Gnat1), and Bcl2l1 and decreased expression of ubiquitin D (Ubd) and cAMP response element modulator (Crem). EX increased expression of endothelin converting enzyme (Ece1), Hsp90b, Fkbp5, and Cdcl4b in four of five arterioles. SPRINT had effects on expression of Crem, Dhh, Bcl2l1, and Ubd that were similar to EX. SPRINT also increased expression of Nfkbia, Hspa5, Tubb 2a and Tubb 2b, and Fkbp5 in all five arterioles and increased expression of Gnat1 in all but the soleus second-order arterioles. Many contractile and/or structural protein genes were increased by SPRINT in the gastrocnemius feed artery, but the same genes exhibited decreased expression in red gastrocnemius arterioles. We conclude that training-induced changes in arteriolar gene expression patterns differ by muscle fiber type composition and along the arteriolar tree.
Process mapping and functional correlation in surface metrology: a novel clustering application

Surface finish of engineering components is measured and controlled to achieve a desired function. Surface finish can also be used to provide feedback to the manufacturing process. An area of active research in surface metrology is in developing tools and techniques for providing greater insight into the relationship between surface texture, a component's function and the manufacturing process. In this context, this paper explores the use of different clustering techniques such as k-means, ISODATA and neural networks to relate surface metrology data to a component's function and the manufacturing process that produced the part.
Dielectric elastomer based prototype fiber actuators

Dielectric elastomer based prototype fiber actuators have been developed and evaluated. The work is motivated by the tremendous potential offered by the current multicomponent fiber forming technologies as a means to fabricate fiber actuators. To explore the potential, prototype fiber actuators have been fabricated using commercially available dielectric elastomer tubes and by applying appropriate compliant electrodes to inner cavity and outer walls of these tubes. The force and displacement generated by such actuators have been studied as a function of applied electric field under different prestrained conditions. In order to introduce anisotropy in the fiber behavior, two types of prestrains (uniaxial and uniform) were applied. Actuation strains of 7 and 18% were recorded for silicone tubes in the axial and radial directions, respectively. Polyurethane tubes produced significantly higher blocking force compared to silicone tubes. The results demonstrate significant influence of applied prestrain on actuation strains and blocking force measured under isometric condition.
Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in infants and children

The pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in 28 infants and children, ranging in age from 3 months to 12 years (mean, 23 months), were studied. Mean maximum serum cefuroxime concentrations of 3.3, 5.1, and 7.0 micrograms/ml were achieved 3.6, 2.7, and 3.1 h after the administration of doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg, respectively, of cefuroxime axetil suspension per kg of body weight together with milk or milk formula. These concentrations exceed the MICs for common respiratory tract pathogens, including beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Following a 10- or 15-mg/kg dose, serum cefuroxime concentrations are similar to those achieved in adults following the administration of a 250-mg cefuroxime axetil tablet. There were linear relationships between dose and both maximum serum cefuroxime concentration and area under the serum drug concentration-verus-time curve. The mean half-life of cefuroxime in serum was independent of dose and ranged from 1.4 to 1.9 h. No cefuroxime axetil (intact ester) was detected in the blood. The intact ester in the urine of four children was measured; however, the amount recovered represented less than 0.1% of the administered dose.
Data-to-model: a mixed initiative approach for rapid ethnographic assessment

Rapid ethnographic assessment is used when there is a need to quickly create a socio-cultural profile of a group or region. While there are many forms such an assessment can take, we view it as providing insight into who are the key actors, what are the key issues, sentiments, resources, activities and locations, how have these changed in recent times, and what roles do the various actors play. We propose a mixed initiative rapid ethnographic approach that supports socio-cultural assessment through a network analysis lens. We refer to this as the data-to-model (D2M) process. In D2M, semi-automated computer-based text-mining and machine learning techniques are used to extract networks linking people, groups, issues, sentiments, resources, activities and locations from vast quantities of texts. Human-in-the-loop procedures are then used to tune and correct the extracted data and refine the computational extraction. Computational post-processing is then used to refine the extracted data and augment it with other information, such as the latitude and longitude of particular cities. This methodology is described and key challenges illustrated using three distinct data sets. We find that the data-to-model approach provides a reusable, scalable, rapid approach for generating a rapid ethnographic assessment in which human effort and coding errors are reduced, and the resulting coding can be replicated.
Regionality of monsoon onset in South America: a three‐stage conceptual model

The evolution of monsoon onset across South America has complex temporal and regional variability that are controlled by local and remote land–ocean–atmosphere processes. In this study, a three-stage conceptual model for the onset of the South American monsoon season is proposed based on a rain threshold analysis and a rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project version 2 (GPCP-v2) dataset. This two-pronged approach allowed the identification of regions of South America that share a common seasonal cycle of rainfall variability and likely have a common mechanism for monsoon onset. According to this model, the first stage of onset starts around pentad 59 (October 18–22) when precipitation begins in the northwestern part of the continent and gradually progresses towards the south and southeast. The second stage is marked by the abrupt establishment of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). This stage occurs on average around pentad 61 (October 28–November 1). The third stage of monsoon onset involves the late arrival of the monsoon to the mouth of the Amazon River, associated with the slow migration of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). This final stage of onset occurs on average by pentad 73 (December 27–31). This three-stage model of onset provides a useful framework for the study of regional differences in monsoon onset mechanisms, a subject that is further explored in two companion studies. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Notes on constructive negation

We put together several observations on constructive negation. First, Russell anticipated intuitionistic logic by clearly distinguishing propositional principles implying the law of the excluded middle from remaining valid principles. He stated what was later called Peirce’s law. This is important in connection with the method used later by Heyting for developing his axiomatization of intuitionistic logic. Second, a work by Dragalin and his students provides easy embeddings of classical arithmetic and analysis into intuitionistic negationless systems. In the last section, we present in some detail a stepwise construction of negation which essentially concluded the formation of the logical base of the Russian constructivist school. Markov’s own proof of Markov’s principle (different from later proofs by Friedman and Dragalin) is described.
Binuclear lanthanide(III)-silver(I) NMR shift reagents: investigations of new achiral and chiral analogs

A series of new achiral binuclear complexes formed from a ytterbium(III) tris-beta-diketonate and silver(I) beta-diketonate have been evaluated as NMR shift reagents for olefins. The effectiveness of the new reagents was compared with that of similar binuclear reagents that have already been reported. Some unexpected behavior in the form of ‘wrong way’ shifts was observed in the NMR spectrum of substrates in the presence of certain binuclear reagents. Possible explanations for this observation are discussed. A series of new chiral binuclear reagents were evaluated; certain of the complexes with praseodymium(III) resulted in enhanced enantiomeric resolution when compared with previously reported examples. Binuclear complexes formed from Pr(III) tris chelates with the ligands d,d-dicampholylmethane and 1,1-difencholylmethane do not appear to be suitable for chiral binuclear shift reagent applications.
What is the best way to feed patients with pancreatitis

Purpose of reviewPatients with acute pancreatitis have traditionally been treated with ‘bowel rest’. Recent data, however, suggest that this approach may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This paper reviews evolving concepts in the nutritional management of patients with acute pa
Water-induced morphology changes in BaO/γ-Al2O3 NOx storage materials: an FTIR, TPD, and time-resolved synchrotron XRD study

The effect of water on the morphology of BaO/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-based NO{sub x} storage materials was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, and time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. The results of this multispectroscopy study reveal that in the presence of water surface Ba-nitrates convert to bulk nitrates and water facilitates the formation of large Ba(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} particles. The conversion of surface to bulk Ba-nitrates is completely reversible (i.e., after the removal of water from the storage material a significant fraction of the bulk nitrates reconverts to surface nitrates). NO{sub 2} exposure of a H{sub 2}O-containing (wet) BaO/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} sample results in the formation of nitrites and bulk nitrates exclusively (i.e., no surface nitrates form). After further exposure to NO{sub 2}, the nitrites completely convert to bulk nitrates. The amount of NO{sub x} taken up by the storage material, however, is essentially unaffected by the presence of water regardless of whether the water was dosed prior to or after NO{sub 2} exposure. On the basis of the results of this study, we are now able to explain most of the observations reported in the literature on the effect of water on NO{sub x} uptake on similarmore » storage materials.« less
Oral health program preferences among pregnant women in a managed care organization.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to understand the oral health information preferences of pregnant women and new mothers. Methods: This study was conducted at a Minnesota managed care organization. A random sample of 250 women with public program insurance and 250 privately insured women was selected from the population of pregnant women in the claims systems. The study consisted of a mailed survey and phone contact to nonresponders. The analytic sample consisted of 123 public-pay and 127 private-pay respondents. Descriptive statistics summarize the preferences for oral health care topics. Results: Receiving information by mail was preferred by both groups. Women favored information concerning infant-specific oral health more than information on both mother and infant oral health. While public-pay respondents had more enthusiasm for many topics, the topic preference rankings within each sample were similar. Conclusion: Similarities in program preferences suggest that common interventions could be designed that would appeal to both groups without extensive tailoring.
Rapid Kinetic Analysis of Ethylene Growth Responses in Seedlings: New Insights into Ethylene Signal Transduction

Ethylene is a phytohormone that influences diverse processes in plants. Ethylene causes various changes in etiolated seedlings that differ between species and include reduced growth of shoots and roots, increased diameter of shoots, agravitropic growth, initiation of root hairs, and increased curvature of the apical hook. The inhibition of growth in etiolated seedlings has become widely used to screen for and identify mutants. This approach has led to an increased understanding of ethylene signaling. Most studies use end-point analysis after several days of exposure to assess the effects of ethylene. Recently, the use of time-lapse imaging has re-emerged as an experimental method to study the rapid kinetics of ethylene responses. This review outlines the historical use of ethylene growth kinetic studies and summarizes the recent use of this approach coupled with molecular biology to provide new insights into ethylene signaling.
Negative geotaxis in mice. Effect of balancing practice on incline behaviour in c57bl/6j male mice.

Summary Three groups of fifteen male C57BL/6J mice were given 30 days of differential training prior to a test for negative geotaxis on inclines of 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, and 70° from the horizontal. One group received no special handling; another group received practice on wide elevated runways; and a third group received practice on narrow elevated runways which required continual bodily adjustments in order to remain on the runways. Twenty-four hours after the last practice period each animal was tested for negative geotaxis on all six inclines. When every orientation up the incline was averaged for each animal, a trend analysis indicated a significant variation for the effects of practice. The group receiving balancing practice on the narrow runways responded at a steeper orientation up the incline than the other two groups. The trend for linearity was highly significant, indicating that as the angle of the incline steepened, the orientation progressed toward the vertical. These same animals were given an additional 10 days of differential experience, as before, and again tested, but this time only at the 20° incline. The results were similar to those of the first test, indicating that balancing experience increases the steepness of the orientation up the incline. This time three different methods of measuring orientation were used. Identical defecation scores on the runways of the first test suggest that the difference displayed due to balancing is not related to an emotional response. Body weight was equal for all groups as were the weights for the cerebrum and cerebellum. Balancing practice was noted to create a phenocopy of genetic differences found in arboreal and non-arboreal species of Peromyscus mice.
LDA/QR: an efficient and effective dimension reduction algorithm and its theoretical foundation

LDA/QR, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based dimension reduction algorithm is presented. It achieves the efficiency by introducing a QR decomposition on a small-size matrix, while keeping competitive classification accuracy. Its theoretical foundation is also presented.
Factors of Engagement: Professional Standards and the Library Science Internship

In today’s technological world, school librarians planning to be leaders should be ready to keep up with advances in standards significant to the profession. The professional standards, specifically American Association of School Librarians (AASL) Standards and International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) Standards for Coaches offer direction for effective practices for school teacher/librarians. Attention to these standards can have a common purpose in moving learners towards the skills and behaviors needed in the digital age. Attention to professional standards will strengthen instruction, giving school librarians opportunity to play an ever growing role within the schools. Pre-service graduate programs are in unique positions to emphasize standards through program internships that prepare future school librarians for their pivotal role in supporting teachers with understanding and use of technology. This study examined the standards interns in library science graduate programs practiced in order to prepare pre-service librarians for their future librarian roles.
A High Efficiency Bunching System for the TUNL Polarized Ion Source

The problem of producing pulsed beams without large beam current losses has been the topic of recent interest particularly in areas where large peak currents are required. In addition, an efficient bunching system will allow the use of pulsed beams when source intensities are limited. The motivation for the development of the authors' high efficiency bunching system arose from their strong interest in neutron physics and the desire to extend their research with experiments requiring polarized neutrons. A common method for the production of polarized neutrons is to bombard a deuterium gas cell with a polarized deuteron beam. The D(..-->..d,n)/sup 3/He reaction has a large cross section and the outgoing neutron has a polarization of approximately 60 % in the energy range between 6 MeV to 16 Mev. Most experiments which involve the detection of neutrons use time-of-flight techniques to determine the neutron energy. An excellent way of providing time-of-flight information is to use pulsed beams. To be useful for time of flight experiments beam pulses must be on the order of a few nanoseconds wide. In addition there must be sufficient time between beam bursts to allow the reaction neutrons to travel from the target to the detector beforemore » the next beam burst arrives at the target. For reactions studied at the authors' laboratory, with their flight paths, this time is on the order of 400 ns.« less
Myenteric plexus neurons have developmentally acquired differences in the medium molecular weight subunit of neurofilament protein

Abstract We have previously shown that neurofilaments in enteric neurons are immunologically distinct from those found in the central nervous system. In particular, one monoclonal antibody to the medium molecular weight neurofilament subunit, called NN18, stained the perikarya of enteric neurons very weakly, if at all, although other medium molecular weight neurofilament subunit antibodies clearly showed the presence of significant amounts of medium molecular weight neurofilament subunit. We have since located the epitope for NN18 in a peptide sequence at the car☐y terminal tail of medium molecular weight neurofilament subunit and have now looked for further neurofilament antibodies that stain the same region. We found two monoclonal antibodies, RMO1 and RMO59, that recognize the same peptide. These antibodies also show much reduced staining in myenteric neurons compared to those in the central nervous system, suggesting that this region of the medium molecular weight neurofilament subunit is specifically modified in certain cells. In the developing enteric nervous system, we found that all the antibodies show strong staining of enteric neurons in the neonatal rat, but that with NN18, RMO1, and RMO59, the staining intensity decreases during further development, and by postnatal day 21 all three demonstrate decreased or absent staining identical to the adult. These results indicate that myenteric neurons, in contrast to the brain, have a developmentally regulated modification in a specific region of the medium molecular weight neurofilament subunit, which may reflect adaptation to structural stress by myenteric neurons.
Visual calibration of reseau cameras

Abstract This paper introduces a collinearity model applied to cameras with a recessed registerglas reseau. After a description of goniometers used for the calibration of aerial cameras at Wild Heerbrugg Ltd. and Carl Zeiss Oberkochen, and their standard calibration procedures, the calibration of two such reseau cameras, based on this collinearity model, is discussed. The lens distortion is derived from a comparison of reseau point locations and a three-dimensional object bundle derived from goniometer readings provided by the two manufacturers.
Laser Hot Wire Process: A Novel Process for Near-Net Shape Fabrication for High-Throughput Applications

The laser hot wire process has gained considerable interest for additive manufacturing applications, leveraging its high deposition rate, low dilution, thermal stability, and general metallurgical control including the ability to introduce and preserve desired meta-stable phases. Recent advancements in closed-loop process control and laser technology have increased productivity, process stability, and control of deposit metallurgy. The laser hot wire process has shown success in several applications: repairing and rejuvenating casting dies, depositing a variety of alloys including abrasion wear-resistant overlays with solid and tubular wires, and producing low-dilution (<5%) nickel alloy overlays for corrosion applications. The feasibility of fabricating titanium buildups is being assessed for aerospace applications.
On continuous-time threshold ARMA processes

Abstract A recent paper of Brockwell and Hyndman ( Internat. J. Forecasting (1992) ) considers the use of continuous- time threshold autoregressive ( CTAR ) processes in the modelling and forecasting of time series data. As in the linear case, the continuous-time model is particularly advantageous for dealing with irregularly spaced data. In this paper we consider an analogous continuous-time threshold ARMA ( p , q ) process with 0⩽ q p , expressing the process in terms of an underlying p -dimensional diffusion process. Recursions are derived for the likelihood of observations { y ( t 1 ),…, y ( t n )} in terms of the transition probabilities of the diffusion process. In the case when the underlying white noise and moving average coefficients are constant, the characteristic function of the transition probability distribution of the underlying diffusion process is expressed, via the Cameron-Martin-Girsanov formula, as an explicit functional of standard Brownian motion. Approximate numerical techniques for computing Gaussian likelihoods are examined and applied to the modelling of the Canadian Lynx Data.
Telehealth Regulatory and Legal Considerations: Frequently Asked Questions

As telehealth gains momentum as a service delivery model in the United States within the rehabilitation professions, regulatory and legal questions arise. This article examines the following questions: Is there a need to secure licenses in two states (i.e., where the practitioner resides, and where the client is located), before engaging in telehealth?Do state laws differ concerning if and how telehealth can occur?Do any states expressly disallow telehealth?Can services delivered through telehealth be billed the same way as services provided in-person?If practitioners fulfill the requirements to maintain licensure (e.g., continuing education obligations) in their state of residence, do they also need to fulfill the requirements to maintain licensure for the state in which the client resides?Will professional malpractice insurance cover services delivered through telehealth?Does a sole practitioner need to abide by HIPAA regulations?Responses to these questions are offered to raise awareness of the regulatory and legal implications associated with the use of a telehealth service delivery model within the professions of occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech-language pathology and audiology.