cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anger Rectilinear Tomographic Scanner

Although not a new development in the field of nuclear medicine, the Anger rectilinear tomographic scanner has recently gained popularity because of its clinical usefulness. A prototype of this instrument has been under evaluation at Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center for the past three years, during which time over 2000 studies have been performed. Although the majority of the studies have been brain, bone, and gallium-67 scans, other routine scans have also been performed. This article describes the instrument, its basic operation, and various techniques used. Clinical evaluation of the Anger rectilinear tomographic scanner shows the system’s advantages in certain areas. It offers better information density and superior resolution away from the geometric focal plane than other rectilinear scanners with comparable collimation. The tomographic capability also allows accurate determination of lesion depth. Use of the device significantly increases the identification of pathology and reduces error and confusion resulting from normal variants.
Pyrolysis Mechanism of PICA

resulting model consists of conservation of species equations for the pyrolysis gases, separate energy equations for the pyrolysis gases, char, and virgin layers, and an equation for the porosity. The velocity of the pyrolysis gases is determined from Darcy’s law. The model is applied to a material that approximates PICA and a detailed reaction mechanism is created from NIST data that describes the decomposition of gas-phase phenol. Preliminary results indicate that the pyrolysis gases entering the boundary layer are quite dierent from those computed using an equilibrium assumption. Additionally, a signicant dierence between char and gas temperatures is predicted, suggesting that the thermal equilibrium assumption in today’s TPS response models is invalid.
Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of systemic and pulmonary venous anomalies.

The authors studied 17 patients with systemic and pulmonary venous anomalies. Digital and analog systems with single or average multiple masks were used with two commercially available systems with radiographic or continuous modes. In all patients, contrast material was injected into a peripheral vein (usual dose, 0.5-1.0 mL/kg). Digital subtraction angiograms were compared with cardiac angiograms and echocardiograms. In all 17 patients, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) studies provided information that could have eliminated some or all of the routine cardiac catheterization procedure. There were no complications following any of the DSA studies. DSA is a safe and effective technique for the evaluation of patients with systemic and pulmonary venous anomalies.
Leading the Maricopa Millions OER Project

ABSTRACTWith a reduced number of students purchasing required and necessary textbooks, higher education leaders must look to new opportunities to increase student success. While open educational resources have addressed this issue, they have not received widespread support from faculty, staff, and administrators. The Maricopa Millions OER Project: Scaling Use of ExtraOERdinary Materials from Maricopa Community Colleges was evaluated for its ability to create and implement a low- to no-cost textbook initiative that aims to lower course material cost for students and increase access to resources, while maintaining quality curriculum and instruction and promoting faculty and staff buy-in. Several models, including John Kotter’s eight-step Process for Leading Change, Bridges’s Transition Model, the Planned Change Model, and Adoption of Innovations, were found to be utilized throughout the process of development and implementation of the project.
CHANGES IN BRAIN GLYCOGEN CONCENTRATION IN RATS DURING HIGH ALTITUDE (12,470 FT) EXPOSURE.

SummaryGlycogen concentrations were significantly reduced in the forebrain, brain stem and cerebellum of rats exposed for 3, 8 and 30 days to 12,500 ft altitude, as compared with control values. After 60 days at altitude, brain stem and cerebellum glycogen concentrations returned to normal, but forebrain glycogen was still significantly decreased. The changes in brain glycogen were not accompanied by changes in plasma glucose. Hematocrit values were already significantly increased after 3 days, and increased further after 8, 30 and 60 days of altitude exposure.
X-Ray Stress Studies Of Passivated And Unpassivated Narrow Aluminum Metallizations

Stresses in thin narrow textured metal lines were measured using x-ray diffraction techniques. Arrays of 1.5µm wide, 0.32pm thick aluminum lines, both with and without a 0.32µm thick SiNx. passivation layer, were heat-treated at 400°C in a hydrogen/nitrogen atmosphere. After heat treatment the lines were examined periodically using chromium radiation to monitor the relaxation of the stress developed during heat treatment. The apparent stress in both the passivated and unpassivated lines relaxed significantly over the measurement period of three days. The higher stresses present in the passivated lines may be partially responsible for the voids which were found after aging at room temperature.
Motivational pathways from antecedents of alcohol use to consequences: a structural model of using alcohol to cope with negative affect.

ABSTRACTBackground: Drinking among college-aged individuals can be problematic. The motivational model of use, which examines various cognitive factors, personal characteristics, and environmental factors, can provide a greater understanding of what contributes toward the decision to drink in these young adults. Objectives: The current study evaluates proposed paths from risk factors for alcohol use, motives for drinking, and subsequent outcomes of alcohol use, drawing from seminal research on the motivational model and drinking motives. Methods: This model was tested in a sample of 303 undergraduate drinkers (77.9% female, mean age = 19.8 years), and evaluated the potential impact of gender and pattern of use. Results: Results indicate that expectancies, maladaptive coping, and negative affect personality styles are associated with coping motives for drinking, and that coping motives are significantly related to problems associated with use. These results are similar for males and females, and among heav...
Causes of Deterioration & Rancidity of Yellow Rice Wine Storeged in Big Pots and the Relative Control Measures

The causes of deterioration and rancidity of yellow rice wine included :① contamination during operation process;②incomplete sterilization of storage pots and tubes;③contamination during air supply;④unstable wine boiling temper ature;⑤equipments defects and technical defects. The prevention measures and co ntrol measures included:①operating training for technicians;②formulation of st rict management principles and working standards;③technical innovation in view of the existed equipments defects. (Tran. by YUE Yang)
Azimuthal asymmetry of a point source in a cylindrical low velocity medium

The geometry of the medium in the vicinity of an otherwise symmetrical source is shown to produce a frequency dependent variation of amplitude with azimuth. The model considered is a cylindrical low velocity and low density fluid medium that is contained in a full space of a higher velocity and density fluid material. A simple harmonic point source is located on the axis of the cylinder. Amplitudes in the higher velocity medium at large distances from the source are found to be functions of the velocity ratio and the density ratio of the two media, the radius of the cylinder, the wavelength, and the angle between the axis of the cylinder and a line connecting the point of observation with the source.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Incident Cardiovascular Events: The Jackson Heart Study

Introduction The epidemiology of American Heart Association ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics has not been fully examined in African Americans. This study examines the associations of CVH metrics with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Jackson Heart Study, a longitudinal cohort study of CVD in African Americans. Methods Jackson Heart Study participants without CVD ( n =4,702) were followed prospectively between 2000 and 2011. Incidence rates and Cox proportional hazard ratios estimated risks for incident CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac procedures, and CVD mortality) associated with seven CVH metrics by sex. Analyses were performed in 2015. Results Participants were followed for a median of 8.3 years; none had ideal health on all seven CVH metrics. The prevalence of ideal health was low for nutrition, physical activity, BMI, and blood pressure metrics. The age-adjusted CVD incidence rate (IR) per 1,000 person years was highest for individuals with the least ideal health metrics: zero to one (IR=12.5, 95% CI=9.7, 16.1), two (IR=8.2, 95% CI=6.5, 10.4), three (IR=5.7, 95% CI=4.2, 7.6), and four or more (IR=3.4, 95% CI=2.0, 5.9). Adjusting for covariates, individuals with four or more ideal CVH metrics had lower risks of incident CVD compared with those with zero or one ideal CVH metric (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% CI=0.17, 0.52; p Conclusions African Americans with more ideal CVH metrics have lower risks of incident CVD. Comprehensive preventive behavioral and clinical supports should be intensified to improve CVD risk for African Americans with few ideal CVH metrics.
Follow the Sun through the Clouds: Application Migration for Geographically Shifting Workloads

Global cloud services have to respond to workloads that shift geographically as a function of time-of-day or in response to special events. While many such services have support for adding nodes in one region and removing nodes in another, we demonstrate that such mechanisms can lead to significant performance degradation. Yet other services do not support application-level migration at all. Live VM migration between availability zones or even across cloud providers would be ideal, but cloud providers do not support this flexible mechanism. This paper presents the Supercloud, a uniform cloud service that supports live VM migration between data centers of all major public cloud providers. The Supercloud also provides a scheduler that automatically determines when and where to move VMs for optimal performance. We demonstrate that live VM migration can support shifting workloads effectively, with low downtimes and transparently to both services and their clients. The Supercloud also addresses challenges for supporting cross-cloud storage and networking.
VIIRS reflective solar bands on-orbit calibration five-year update: extension and improvements

The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) has been onorbit for almost five years. VIIRS has 22 spectral bands, among which fourteen are reflective solar bands (RSB) covering a spectral range from 0.410 to 2.25 μm. The SNPP VIIRS RSB have performed very well since launch. The radiometric calibration for the RSB has also reached a mature stage after almost five years since its launch. Numerous improvements have been made in the standard RSB calibration methodology. Additionally, a hybrid calibration method, which takes the advantages of both solar diffuser calibration and lunar calibration and avoids the drawbacks of the two methods, successfully finalizes the highly accurate calibration for VIIRS RSB. The successfully calibrated RSB data record significantly impacts the ocean color products, whose stringent requirements are especially sensitive to calibration accuracy, and helps the ocean color products to reach maturity and high quality. Nevertheless, there are still many challenge issues to be investigated for further improvements of the VIIRS sensor data records (SDR). In this presentation, the robust results of the RSB calibrations and the ocean product performance will be presented. The reprocessed SDR is now in more science tests, in addition to the ocean science tests already completed one year ago, readying to be the mission-long operational SDR.
Understanding French, German, and Civil Law More Generally

This chapter, written for the Liber Amicorum Boudewijn Bouckaert, explains the main characteristics of civil law in Festschrift-style, using anecdotes and life experience as illustrations.The French legal system is best understood as a top-down system, with a distrust for judges, individuals and lower officials, partly rooted in a particularist culture. Because of this distrust, the French system is formalistic, and French judges pretend to only interpret the law and never make any new rules. Remarkably, French law professors mimic French judges in this respect. As a result, fewer new legal ideas are produced in France than in common law countries.The German legal system, in contrast, is best understood as one in which judges and law professors are scared to death of making political statements. To look a-political, they like to pretend that law is only a matter of pure science and logic. As a result, policy-related critical thinking about the law is lacking and legal innovation is modest in Germany as well.
Recent Advances in the Measurement Error Literature

This article reviews recent significant progress made in developing estimation and inference methods for nonlinear models in the presence of mismeasured data that may or may not conform to the classical assumption of independent zero-mean errors. The aim is to cover a broad range of methods having differing levels of complexity and strength of the required assumptions. Simple approaches that form the elementary building blocks of more advanced approaches are discussed first. Then, special attention is devoted to methods that rely on readily available auxiliary variables (e.g., repeated measurements, indicators, or instrumental variables). Results relaxing most of the commonly invoked simplifying assumptions are presented (linear measurement structure, independent errors, zero-mean errors, availability of auxiliary information). This article also provides an overview of important connections with related fields, such as latent variable models, nonlinear panel data, factor models, and set identification, an...
GIS diffusion in Uganda

Despite myriad studies having been carried out on the diffusion of geographical information systems GIS technology, only a limited number have been done within the context of developing countries. This paper addresses the research question, how did the diffusion of GIS technology occur in Uganda? Mixed methods were used for data collection, and analysis was performed using a theoretical framework called the diffusion of innovations DOI. The results of the study showed that the adoption of GIS by institutions in Uganda occurred in a classic diffusion pattern consistent with diffusion theory. Adoption of GIS was promoted by its relative advantage over, and compatibility with, existing technologies. It was characterized by both heterophilous and homophilous communication channels, and influenced by change agents and champions. Its rate of adoption followed an S-shaped diffusion curve, and was hampered by bureaucracy, and patronage-based societal norms. This study makes a contribution to literature on GIS diffusion in developing countries.
Abstract A17: Cell cycle control through DREAM and MMB complexes

The loss of cell cycle control is the most recognized trait of cancer cells. The ability of cells to exit the cell cycle has recently been shown to be dependent upon a large multi-protein repressor complex called DREAM. This complex represses the expression of all cell cycle genes during reversible cell cycle exit. In cycling cells, DREAM is disassembled and some of DREAM associated proteins form a new complex to promote cell cycle gene expression. These proteins that can act together both as repressors and activators of cell cycle gene expression are called the MuvB core. The MuvB core interacts with B-Myb during S phase to promote late cell cycle gene expression. This activator complex is called MMB and its integrity is required for proper cell division. The purpose of this project is to determine how the MuvB core interacts with B-Myb, and if MuvB can be targeted by therapeutics to restore proper cell cycle control in cancer. We have structurally and functionally characterized the mechanism of DREAM assembly and regulation, however MMB regulation remains poorly understood. DREAM has been suggested as a therapeutic target in cancer cells that arrest in response to drug treatment to evade apoptosis. Disruption of DREAM could force evasive cancer cells back into the cell cycle and elicit a response to chemotherapeutic treatment. Until recently, a DREAM interface to target was unavailable. I solved the x-ray crystal structure of MuvB core protein LIN52 complexed with RB tumor suppressor protein p107 and functionally characterized how this interaction is regulated in DREAM assembly. This is a suitable DREAM interface to target given disruption of this interface drives cell cycle entry. I have found that LIN52 also interacts with B-Myb and have obtained crystals of this subcomplex that diffract to 2.4 A resolution. Therefore, I hypothesize that the MuvB core protein LIN52 mediates interactions with various transcription factors throughout the cell cycle to drive gene specificity through cooperative binding. I will test this hypothesis with two aims: 1) solve the x-ray crystal structure of B-Myb complexed with the MuvB core and investigate the cooperative DNA binding of MuvB and B-Myb; 2) Disrupt LIN52 interactions to disassemble DREAM in drug resistant cancer cells. Completion of these aims will unveil the mechanism of B-Myb activation in cancer and determine if LIN52 is a viable cancer therapeutic target. Citation Format: Keelan Guiley, Seth M. Rubin. Cell cycle control through DREAM and MMB complexes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
High resolution fluorescence bio-imaging upconversion nanoparticles in insects.

Imaging fluorescent markers with brightness, photostability, and continuous emission with auto fluorescence background suppression in biological samples has always been challenging due to limitations of available and economical techniques. Here we report a new approach, to achieve high contrast imaging inside small and difficult biological systems with special geometry such as fire ants, an important agricultural pest, using a homemade cost-effective optical system. Unlike the commonly used rare-earth doped fluoride nanoparticles, we utilized nanoparticles with a high upconversion efficiency in water. Specifically Y_2O_3:Er^(+3),Yb^(+3) nanoparticles (40-50 nm diameter) were fed to fire ants as food and then a simple illuminating experiment was conducted at 980 nm wavelength at relatively low pump intensity 8 kW.cm^(−2). The locations were further confirmed by X-ray tomography, where most particles aggregated inside the ant’s mouth. High resolution, fast, and economical optical imaging system opens the door for studying more complex biological systems
A New Species of the Plant Bug Genus Rubrocuneocoris Schuh (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Hawaii

Abstract. A new species of the phyline plant bug genus Rubrocuneocoris Schuh (Hetereroptera: Miridae) is described from Hawaii. Although known only from the Oahu and Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands, it is considered an adventive species originating from elsewhere in eastern Asia or the Indo-Pacific Region. A diagnosis, description, habitus images, and illustrations of male genitalia are provided to help distinguish this new species from the other 13 previously known species of the genus.
Does enteral glutamine supplementation decrease infectious morbidity

Background: Although some studies have demonstrated lower infectious morbidity in patients receiving supplemental glutamine, there remains no consensus on the utility of such treatment. This study ...
Detection and clinical impact of human leukocyte antigen antibodies in lung transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

There is significant variability in lung transplant centers' approach to HLA antibodies, creating heterogeneity regarding their clinical significance. Some institutions use beads coated with multiple HLA to screen candidate sera and then use single antigen bead (SAB) to determine antibody identity if the pre-screen is positive. Other centers do not pre-screen, using SAB alone, which may detect low-level antibodies of unknown significance. The primary objective of this study was to review the current literature to identify sources of heterogeneity in the identification of pre- and post-lung transplant HLA antibodies, particularly regarding antibody-detection methods. A random effects model meta-analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between pre-transplant HLA antibodies and the development of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) and dnDSA and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Each outcome was stratified by the method of antibody detection (pre-screen followed by SAB vs SAB alone). We identified 13 cohort studies with a total of 3039 patients. The use of pre-screening followed by SAB testing and the use of induction immunosuppression were associated with lower prevalence of dnDSA. Patients with pre-transplant HLA antibodies were more likely to develop dnDSA (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.86, P < .001). dnDSA was associated with CLAD (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.37-2.97, P < .001). When considering studies using SAB alone, however, pre-transplant antibody status was no longer associated with dnDSA and dnDSA was no longer associated with CLAD. Based on the current literature, SAB-alone testing may detect less clinically relevant antibodies than pre-screening followed by SAB.
Noncontact method for sensing thickness and refractive index of intraocular lens implants using a self-calibrating dual-confocal laser caliper.

We present a fiber-optic dual-confocal laser caliper method for noncontact high-precision sensing and measuring thickness and refractive index of intraocular lens (IOL) implants. The principle of the method is based on sensing and measuring the confocal intensity response of the laser beam reflection from the opposite object surfaces, which provides the advanced feature of having no limitations on the object shape, thickness, and transparency. Using single-mode optical fibers and a 658-nm laser source, the thickness measurement accuracy was assessed to be as high as 5 μm. In addition, refractive index of a transparent object with thickness smaller than the working distance of the focusing lenses can be measured. The thickness and refractive index of a planoconvex IOL were measured with a high accuracy.
Matching Services to Criminogenic Needs Following Comprehensive Risk Assessment Implementation in Juvenile Probation

One emphasis of juvenile justice reform has been implementation of risk assessment instruments to improve case planning. This study examined the ability of juvenile probation departments to apply t...
Healing the Wounded Soldier/Surviving the Game

Sometimes because of the ethics of care for our family, friends, and co-workers we sometimes lose sight of why we survived a traumatic incident and others did not. It is because you have gotten a second chance at life and doing what you need to do to become whole again. The bible says that we are only given “3 score and 10 years” (psalm 90:10) or 70 years of age on this earth plus or minus to survive on this life. So, what we do with what we have, how we treat one another, love one another, do the right thing or have a chance for a do over on one hand is good news, while on the other hand survivor guilt is not. This paper explores how to make sense of things when we don’t expect the outcome we got in life.
Scavenger Receptors, Caveolae, Caveolin, and Cholesterol Trafficking

The ability of cells to internalize HDL-derived cholesterol ester without internalizing the HDL particle is called “selective lipid uptake”. The mechanism of selective uptake can be divided into three components: 1) association of HDL with the plasma membrane, 2) transport of cholesterol esters from HDL to the plasma membrane, and 3) trafficking of the cholesterol esters from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum. A recent convergence of studies has yielded a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in cholesterol ester uptake. We discuss an integrated model of selective cholesterol ester uptake in the context of; 1) scavenger receptor BI as the HDL receptor, 2) caveolae as the initial sites of cholesterol ester uptake, and 3) the caveolin-chaperone complex as a vesicle-independent transport mechanism.
Public Accommodation Laws and Gender Panic in Clinical Settings

Public accommodation laws (PALs) are used to address discrimination against minorities. There is broad discussion about using such laws to either protect or prohibit access to sex-segregated spaces for transgender people. Health care facilities are subject to PALs
Colliding Terminological Systems—Immanuel Kant and Contemporary Empirical Aesthetics:

Few classic philosophers are as popular as Immanuel Kant. Kant’s ideas seem to be used ubiquitously in contemporary aesthetics discussions. Here, we critically review the way his ideas are being ap...
S-Hybrid Step-Down DC–DC Converter—Analysis of Operation and Design Considerations

This paper presents a new highly integrable hybrid step-down converter that merges switched-inductor and switched-capacitor operations and significantly reduces onboard loss by using the input cable's parasitic inductance as its main inductor. This converter has the inductor placed at the input with a smaller voltage swing, leading to possible use of a smaller inductor and low-voltage rating switches that generally translate to reduced conduction losses. Analyses of converter operation and losses to reveal its original characteristics and design guidelines are presented to facilitate the components optimization. The converter architecture is verified by a proof-of-concept 15-W inductor-less lithium-ion battery charger prototype that uses a 1-m USB 3.0 cable as inductor. The converter, switched at 2 MHz from a 5-V input, experimentally achieves 89.7% peak efficiency and 6% higher efficiency at full load than a Buck converter counterpart. This high efficiency and zero onboard inductor yield a relative 45.7% onboard loss reduction at full load, promising excellent integration feasibility and superior system thermal management.
Efficient Removal of Arsenic Using Zinc Oxide Nanocrystal-Decorated Regenerated Microfibrillated Cellulose Scaffolds

Regenerated microfibrillated cellulose (R-MFC) fibers were prepared successfully by a combined dissolution and regeneration approach using phosphoric acid/ethanol treatment on jute cellulose. The prepared R-MFC fibers possessed high surface area (10.74 m2/g), good aspect ratio (L/D = 30), and excellent thermal stability (Tmax = 352 °C). In addition, the fibers exhibited 3.84 wt % of phosphate groups (PO42–) with a ζ-potential of −8.4 mV and low crystallinity index (CI) of 47.5%. These R-MFC fibers were in the cellulose II polymorph, confirmed by 13C CPMAS NMR and WAXD measurements, and they were effective to anchor the growth of ZnO nanocrystals. WAXD and TEM examinations on the imbedded ZnO nanocrystals indicated that they possessed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and could assemble into a flower-like morphology in the R-MFC scaffold. A R-MFC composite containing 41 wt % of ZnO nanocrystals was found to be very efficient to remove arsenic (As(V)) ions from water with the maximum capacity of 4,42...
Direct versus Sequential Analysis of Procyanidin- and Prodelphinidin-Based Condensed Tannins by the HCl–Butanol–Acetone–Iron Assay

In this study, we optimized the HCl-butanol-acetone-iron (HBAI) assay for the analysis of B-linked procyanidin (PC) and prodelphinidin (PD) condensed tannins (CTs) by direct analysis of whole tissue and sequential analysis of acetone-water extracts and insoluble residues prepared from forage, woody plant, food, and food byproduct samples. Yields of anthocyanidins (cyanidin and delphinidin) were optimized by heating ≤0.25 mg mL-1 CT standards, 1 mg mL-1 tissue, or 1-2 mg mL-1 acetone-water fractioned tissue for 3 h at 70 °C in medium containing 5% concentrated HCl, 6.7% total water, 50% acetone, 42% n-butanol, and 0.15% ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate. Accurate quantitation required CT standards of known purity sourced from the same tissue being analyzed. Both analysis methods provided comparable estimates of total CTs for most PD-rich samples, but only the sequential method gave good recovery and accurate estimates of CTs in most PC-rich samples.
A Case Study Of The Determination Of Connate Water Resistivity, R W , By Repeat Logging, In The Powder River Basin, Wyoming

A convenient and relatively accurate method for determining the connate water resistivity, R/sub w/, values for wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, is described. This method is based on the change in the spontaneous potential (SP) response with different mud filtrate resistivities (R/sub mf/) on repeat logging runs. The values of R/sub w/ obtained agree closely with those derived from conventional crossplot techniques of resistivity, R/sub t/, and core porosity values.
Exploiting Oxide Based Resistive RAM Variability for Bayesian Neural Network Hardware Design

Uncertainty plays a key role in real-time machine learning. As a significant shift from standard deep networks, which does not consider any uncertainty formulation during its training or inference, Bayesian deep networks are being currently investigated where the network is envisaged as an ensemble of plausible models learnt by the Bayes’ formulation in response to uncertainties in sensory data. Bayesian deep networks consider each synaptic weight as a sample drawn from a probability distribution with learnt mean and variance. This letter elaborates on a hardware design that exploits cycle-to-cycle variability of oxide based Resistive Random Access Memories (RRAMs) as a means to realize such a probabilistic sampling function, instead of viewing it as a disadvantage.
What can social preferences tell us about charitable giving? Evidence on responses to price of giving, matching, and rebates

This chapter investigates the relationship between heterogeneous social preferences and charitable giving under alternative prices of giving and types of subsidies. Using 10 allocation decisions, we categorize participants’ social preferences as self-interested, inequity averse, or social surplus maximizing. In subsequent charitable giving treatments, analysis of within-person decision-making gives support for several predictions consistent with social preference types: social surplus maximizers are most likely to give to a charity that increases production; inequity averters give more to charity than do other groups; all preference types give more when the price of giving declines; and social surplus maximizers are more responsive to the price of giving than are inequity averters.
Edge Universality for Nonintersecting Brownian Bridges

In this paper we study fluctuations of extreme particles of nonintersecting Brownian bridges starting from $a_1\leq a_2\leq \cdots \leq a_n$ at time $t=0$ and ending at $b_1\leq b_2\leq \cdots\leq b_n$ at time $t=1$, where $\mu_{A_n}=(1/n)\sum_{i}\delta_{a_i}, \mu_{B_n}=(1/n)\sum_i \delta_{b_i}$ are discretization of probability measures $\mu_A, \mu_B$. Under regularity assumptions of $\mu_A, \mu_B$, we show as the number of particles $n$ goes to infinity, fluctuations of extreme particles at any time $0<t<1$, after proper rescaling, are asymptotically universal, converging to the Airy point process.
AMPLITUDE EEG TRENDS IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS WITHIN 48 H OF LIFE: CAN WE USE IT TO PREDICT SEVERE INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE?

Background Whereas amplitude EEG (aEEG) recording has gained wide acceptance in intensive care units to identify term infants at risk of neonatal encephalopathy, its use in extremely low birth weight (ELBW; birth weight Objective To assess aEEG background electrical activity trends in ELBW infants during the first 48 h of life and identify any aEEG patterns predictive of severe intracranial haemorrhage. Design/Methods A prospective cohort of 30 ELBW infants born during 2006 was monitored using the aEEG cerebral function monitor during the first 48 h of life. A severe intracranial haemorrhage was defined as a grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage or extensive cerebellar bleed. Results Mean birth weight was 621 ± 152 g and mean gestational age 25 ± 1.7 weeks. Trends from ELBW infant’s background in the first 48 h showed discontinuous low voltage tracings (73%), with isoelectric burst suppression (17%) and evidence of immature sleep–wake cycling in all infants. Eight infants (27%) had severe intracranial haemorrhage within the first week of life. Five of these eight infants (62%) had isoelectric burst suppression with low burst tracings, whereas none of the remaining 22 infants without haemorrhage showed this pattern (p = 0.01). Conclusion Most ELBW infants have generalised discontinuous tracings. Low voltage burst suppression had a 100% positive predictive value for the occurrence of severe intracranial haemorrhage.
Interns Without Subinternships

Surgical interns who have completed medical school in the era of Covid-19 will not have the same experience gained through the traditional multi-month fourth-year surgical subinternships. During subinternships, medical students learn relevant anatomic and radiographic features of surgical pathologies, hone technical skills, and gain exposure to surgical consults and procedures. This lack of intensive exposure will have this cohort starting at a lower comfort and knowledge level compared to years prior. Residency programs, especially subspeciality programs, should review and utilize national resources to facilitate the transition to intern year, such as the American College of Surgeons Entering Resident Readiness Assessment and American College of Surgeons/ Association of Program Directors in Surgery/Association for Surgical Education Resident Prep Curriculum. We recommend the use of a specialty-tailored intern boot-camp and longitudinal curriculum that focuses on learning procedural skills and surgical conditions, anatomy, pathology, clinical examination, radiographic findings, surgical approach, and postoperative complications. These steps will help address knowledge gaps and promote intern readiness in this cohort of individuals.
Recent UK work investigating anti-corrosive organic coatings using the Electrochemical Noise Method (ENM)

The Electrochemical Noise Method (ENM) monitors the small potential and current fluctuations that occur naturally in electrochemical cells. It is the least intrusive of all electrochemical techniques in regular use. This paper reviews recent work using the Electrochemical Noise Method to investigate waterborne and solvent based coating. In general, the former has corroborated previous work where Rn values of >1 × 107 ohms/cm2 were indicative of protection. In the scribed work the level of protection afforded at the exposed metal surface by the coating was correlated directly with the Noise Resistance value. Also detached films were examined in a novel test cell that can be used to simulate different conditions. Results show that the ENM has useful applications in the laboratory for monitoring the accelerated testing of coatings and to investigate environmentally-friendly inhibitive pigments. The technique could be adapted for in-situ monitoring of structures in the field and a new experimental technique has been devised to enable measurements to be made on electrically connected substrate areas.
Circularly polarized broadband annular ring array antenna for 4G communications

Future mobile communication systems could benefit from a digitally beam formed multibeam phased array systems. The multibeams are generated and scanned using phase and amplitude weighting in digital signal processors. The broadband circularly polarized antennas are important element in this communication structure. This paper presents implementation and experimental evaluation of annular ring patch antenna leading to implementation of 2×2 sub-array antenna at S-band. The achieved directivity gain is 9 dBi over frequency of 2.1-2.7 GHz. The input 2:1 VSWR is measured over frequency range of 1 GHz.
sipc, a Multi-function SIP User Agent

Integrating multiple functions into one communication user agent can introduce many innovative communication services. For example, with networked appliance control, a user agent can turn off the stereo when receiving an incoming call. With location sensing, a user agent can automatically reject a call if it knows the location preference is ‘quiet’. Multi-function interactions enable services that are otherwise impossible. In this paper, we first present the new services introduced by the integration, then introduce our SIP user agent, sipc, which handles these new services in a programmable way. sipc integrates multimedia call setup, networked appliance control, presence handling, Internet TV, instant messaging, location sensing, networked resource discovery, third-party call control, real-time multimedia streaming, emergency call handling, and conference floor control into one application. We analyze the relationship among these functions and propose different approaches for function integration. sipc uses the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for multimedia call setup and the Language for End System Services (LESS) for service programming.
THE USE OF VIDEO IN PSYCHOTHERAPY SUPERVISION

This article provides a rationale for the increased use of video recording psychotherapy sessions in clinical supervision and training, including psychodynamic and psychoanalytic training. Social and cognitive psychology research on memory shows that it is limited in a number of ways and, because of this, supervision that solely depends on second-hand reporting of session events in supervision can be equally limited. Additionally, second-hand reporting and audiotapes of session material are often not able to adequately shed light on the nonverbal behaviour exhibited by the patient and therapist. Video recording allows a supervisor to view the session material as it happened during the session so as to provide more effective supervision and psychotherapy training. Examples are given from face-to-face once-weekly work, in a training clinic which uses non-mandatory video recording. Concerns about confidentiality and ethics are discussed, along with potential objections to video recording.
Stimulation of prefrontal cortex at physiologically relevant frequencies inhibits dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to provide an excitatory influence on the output of mesoaccumbens dopamine neurons. The evidence for this influence primarily arises from findings in the rat that chemical or high-intensity and high-frequency (60-200 Hz) electrical stimulations of PFC increase burst activity of midbrain dopamine neurons, and augment terminal release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. However, PFC neurons in animals that are engaged in PFC-dependent cognitive tasks increase their firing frequency from a baseline of 1-3 Hz to 7-10 Hz, suggesting that the commonly used high-frequency stimulation parameters of the PFC may not be relevant to the behavioral states that are associated with PFC activation. We investigated the influence of PFC activation at lower physiologically relevant frequencies on the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. Using rapid (5-min) microdialysis measures of extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, we found that although PFC stimulation at 60 Hz produces the expected increases in accumbal dopamine release, the same amplitude of PFC stimulation at 10 Hz significantly decreased these levels. These results indicate that activation of PFC, at frequencies that are associated with increased cognitive demand on this region, inhibits the mesoaccumbens dopamine system.
Economic interests and ideological conviction: A note on PACs and agricultural acts

Abstract This note seeks to determine factors in the U.S. Senate's voting behavior on agricultural issues. A narrowly defined capture model, based on Peltzman's economic theory of regulation, does poorly in explaining and predicting votes compared to a model enhanced by the addition of each senator's personal ideological convictions. While ideology is found to be significant, contributions from agricultural political action committees are insignificant in explaining and predicting the U.S. Senate's votes on eight 1981 and six 1985 Farm Bill amendments.
Regional jejunitis: Report of an unusual case☆

Abstract An unusual case of non-specific regional jejunitis is presented in which the proximal jejunum was completely obstructed at three isolated places. About five feet of jejunum was resected and an end-to-side anastomosis performed. The patient's recovery was uneventful, and she is well and symptom free one year later.
Effect of pulse on time judgment using subjects with fixed rate cardiac pacemakers.

There is disagreement in the literature regarding the correlation of pulse rate and time judgment. The time judgments of 2 groups of Ss were compared before and after standard exercise. 6 Ss with fixed rate cardiac pacemakers and 12 matched controls were given time judgment tasks before and after standard exercise. There was no significant difference between groups in the ratio of pre-exercise to post-exercise judgments. The usefulness of the design employing patients with cardiac pacemakers is emphasized.
The Impact of Organizational Structure and Labels on Web Usability for Older Adults

One of the key aspects of the success of an e-commerce web site is the consistency between the design of the site and the expectations and knowledge of the user population. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of information organization and label quality on user performance and satisfaction. The study employed a two (information organization: goal-centered organization versus a product-centered organization) by three (label quality: high, medium, low) factorial design. Study participants included 60 persons aged 60+ years. Participants were required to find six products while shopping in a simulated health store web site. Results revealed that higher quality labels and goal-centered organization resulted in higher levels of performance and satisfaction. Data of this type can be used to help develop web design guidelines for older adults.
Determination of tocopherol in oxidized fats. Interference from heat-formed reducing substances in highly oxidized fats

By application of a heating method to determine tocopherol in oxidized fats it was shown that polymeric reducing substances were produced when fats have a peroxide value exceeding 100. By comparison with a chromatographic method to remove peroxides it was shown that the interference in determining tocopherol from these heat-produced reducing substances was negligible at peroxide levels lower than 100. It is concluded that the heating method is satisfactory within the peroxide range (0–100) most important in oxidative and flavor-stability studies of edible oils. The chromatographic method for removing peroxides can be relied upon for determining tocopherol in more highly oxidized fats as well as in methyl esters of fatty acids which are distillable under conditions of the heating method.
Epigenetic alterations in gastric carcinogenesis

Gastric cancer is believed to result in part from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations leading to oncogene overexpression and tumor suppressor loss. Epigenetic alterations as a distinct and crucial mechanism to silence a variety of methylated tissue-specific and imprinted genes, have been extensively studied in gastric carcinoma and play important roles in gastric carcinogenesis. This review will briefly discuss the basic aspects of DNA methylation and CpG island methylation, in particular the epigenetic alterations of certain critical genes implicated in gastric carcinogenesis and its relevance of clinical implications.
Radiographic Evaluation in Lumbar Total Disc Replacement: Assessment of Potential Candidacy and Range of Motion

The impetus for motion preservation in the treatment of degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine is to protect the adjacent levels from accelerated or de novo degeneration. Our ability to reliably and precisely measure, analyze, and understand resultant lumbar motion following implantation of a motion-preserving device is therefore indispensable to the proper interpretation of results from clinical studies. The first section of this article highlights current imaging techniques and strategies utilized in the preoperative evaluation of a potential candidate for lumbar total disc replacement. In the second section of this article, we describe current and novel imaging techniques that are used to evaluate range of motion and the lumbar kinematic profile that results following implantation of a lumbar total disc replacement.
U-500R and aspart insulin for the treatment of severe insulin resistance in pregnancy associated with pregestational diabetes

Severe insulin resistance as a complication of diabetes in pregnancy is seen with increasing frequency. Treatment with large doses of insulin (>300 units perday) can be practically difficult. A woman with preexisting Type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control presented in early pregnancy requiring over 1000 units of insulin daily. She was transitioned to subcutaneous U-500 (concentrated regular insulin) in combination with a rapid-acting insulin analog achieving good glycemic control and good maternal and fetal outcomes. U-500R insulin in conjunction with a rapid-acting insulin analog can be used safely in early pregnancy to improve glycemic control in severe insulin resistance due to pregestational diabetes.
Regional economic impacts of razor clam beach closures due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) on the Pacific coast of Washington

Abstract Visitor spending in the recreational razor clam fishery positively impacts the coastal economies of Grays Harbor and Pacific counties in Washington State. Since 1991 the fishery has frequently closed due to harmful algal blooms (HABs). These events reduce or eliminate recreational clam-related visitor spending. We develop an economic impact model, based on recreationists’ spending, to estimate the economic impacts of these closures. To estimate visitor expenditure patterns, questionnaires were distributed in April of 2008 to an on-site sample of clammers at four beaches on Washington's Pacific coast: Mocrocks, Copalis, Twin Harbors, and Long Beach. Based upon responses from 240 parties, the average expenditure per party ranged from $268.77 at Mocrocks beach to $412.67 at Long Beach. Overall expenditures for the 2007–2008 season were estimated at $24.4 million. A regional input–output model was used to estimate that the fishery had the local economic impact of supporting 404 full-time equivalent jobs and $12.6 million in labor income. To estimate negative impacts of HAB closures, expected visitor expenditures are adjusted to account for visitors’ stated intentions when razor clamming is unavailable. For a full year closure of all four beaches, the estimated negative economic impact is a loss of support from the razor clam fishery impacting 339 full-time equivalent jobs and $10.6 million of labor income in the two counties. Further, impacts were calculated for beach closures ranging from a single (2–5 days) season opening to a full year, for individual beaches and combinations of beaches. As expected, the closing of a single opening at one beach had the smallest economic impacts, while whole season closures at multiple beaches had the largest impact.