cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brachial plexus neuropathy after botulinum toxin injection

Brachial plexus neuropathy (BPN) has been reported in four patients following botulinum toxin A (BTA) treatment of cervical or upper extremity dystonia.1-3 We report a patient with cervical dystonia who developed acute, transient BPN contralateral to the side of cervical BTA injections 10 days following treatment. Case report. A 55-year old right-handed man developed right-sided rotational torticollis and laterocollis accompanied by right posterior cervical pain without antecedent trauma. He had been diabetic for 12 years without symptomatic peripheral neuropathy. Cervical MRI showed a small midline C5 to C6 disk protrusion. Anticholinergic drugs were unhelpful. Examination 1 year following onset showed right-sided rotational torticollis, laterocollis, and shoulder elevation. Strength and sensation were normal. Tendon reflexes were absent in the left upper extremity and at both ankles. Electromyography showed spasm without denervation in the right splenius capitis, trapezius, levator scapulae, and both sternomastoids. There was no evidence for acute or chronic denervation in the posterior cervical muscles. Botulinum toxin A (100 U/mL saline without preservative) was injected into the right splenius capitis (90 U), right levator scapulae (40 U), and right sternomastoid (30 U). Cervical dystonia improved and posterior cervical pain disappeared within 2 weeks of injection. Ten days postinjection the patient developed a painless inability …
On improving the performance of simulation-based algorithms for average reward processes with application to network pricing

We address performance issues associated with simulation-based algorithms for optimizing Markov reward processes. Specifically, we are concerned with algorithms that exploit the regenerative structure of the process in estimating the gradient of the objective function with the respect to control parameters. In many applications, states which initially have short expected return-times may eventually become infrequently visited as the control parameters are updated. As a result, unbiased updates to the control parameters can become so infrequent as to render the algorithm impractical. The performance of these algorithms can be significantly improved by adapting the state which is used to mark regenerative cycles. In this paper, we introduce such an adaptation procedure, give initial arguments for its convergence properties, and illustrate its application in two numerical examples. The examples relate to the optimal pricing of communication network resources for congestion-controlled traffic.
Nonparametric likelihood and doubly robust estimating equations for marginal and nested structural models

MSC 2000: Primary 63G05; secondary 62J02. Abstract: This article considers Robins's marginal and nested structural models in the cross-sectional set- ting and develops likelihood and regression estimators. First, a nonparametric likelihood method is proposed by retaining a finite subset of all inherent and modelling constraints on the joint distributions of potential outcomes and covariates under a correctly specified propensity score model. A profile likelihood is derived by maximizing the nonparametric likelihood over these joint distributions subject to the retained constraints. The maximum likelihood estimator is intrinsically efficient based on the retained constraints and weakly locally efficient. Second, two regression estimators, named hat and tilde, are derived as first-order approx- imations to the likelihood estimator under the propensity score model. The tilde regression estimator is intrinsically and weakly locally efficient and doubly robust. The methods are illustrated by data analysis for an observational study on right heart catheterization. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 609-632; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada R´
Gymnomyces xerophilus sp. nov. (sequestrate Russulaceae), an ectomycorrhizal associate of Quercus in California

Gymnomyces xerophilus sp. nov., a sequestrate species in the Russulaceae, is characterized and described morphologically as a new species from Quercus-dominated woodlands in California. ITS sequences recovered from healthy, ectomycorrhizal roots of Quercus douglasii and Q. wislizeni matched those of G. xerophilus basidiomata, confirming the ectomycorrhizal status of this fungus. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region places G. xerophilus in a clade with both agaricoid (Russula in the section Polychromae) and sequestrate (Gymnomyces, Cystangium) relatives. We include a dichotomous key to the species of Gymnomyces associated with Quercus.
Ventilatory management of the patient with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job) syndrome

Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job syndrome) is a primary immunodeficiency that features abscesses of the skin, lung, and viscera; pneumonia; and elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin E. Pulmonary infections lead to lung abscesses, pneumatoceles, and bronchiectasis. We report the ventilatory management of a patient with Job syndrome.
TEACHING THE GENDER OF FRENCH NOUNS BY ENDINGS

Author's summary.— All grammars should print a concise list of noun endings so arranged as to indicate gender.
Impairment of CD4+ T Cell Polarization by Dengue Virus–Infected Dendritic Cells

Background The production of type I interferon alpha/beta (IFN-α/β) is crucial to viral clearance during dengue virus (DENV) infection; however, in vitro-infected dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit a decreased capacity to respond to IFN-α/β stimulation, and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) isolated from patients with acute DENV infection exhibit defects in T cell priming. Methods In order to ascertain the stimulatory capacity of primary human monocyte-derived DCs infected with wild-type DENV isolates, representing a range of genotypes and disease outcomes, we cocultured infected DCs with allogeneic-naive CD4(+) T cells. The gene expression patterns of IFN-α/β sensitive genes were quantitated to determine if the infected DCs displayed a blunted IFN-α/β response. Results DENV-infected DCs induced the initial proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells but they remained nonpolarized in effector function. The expression of IFN-α/β-stimulated genes was downregulated, revealing that the inhibition of IFN-α/β signaling is conserved among endemic DENV serotype 2 strains. Conclusions The failure of naive CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into IFN gamma-producing effector T cells when primed by DENV-infected DCs cannot be explained solely by a block in IFN-α/β signaling, suggesting that the ability of DENV to evade the early host response is multifaceted.
Comprehensive Trade Study of Biological Systems for Primary Treatment in an Integrated Water Processing System

Biological processes offer an alternative approach to treatment of waste streams for water recycling during long term space missions. The combination of biological pretreatment with downstream physiochemical processes may be able to produce potable water at a lower equivalent system mass (ESM) compared to systems composed of only physiochemical processes. Several biological configurations exist for the removal of carbon and nitrogen. To date, no studies have comprehensively evaluated the relative ESM of each system. The configurations evaluated include: 1) membrane aerated biological reactor for simultaneous nitrification/denitrification, 2) membrane aerated biological reactor for nitrification in sequence with a packed-bed reactor for denitrification and organic carbon removal, 3) a pre-carbon oxidation reactor followed by a membrane aerated biological reactor for nitrification, and 4) an extended membrane aerated biological reactor for nitrification and aerobic carbon oxidation. We report on the systems, analysis and results including a detailed discussion of the inputs of the ESM analysis, methodology for determining reactor size and mass, and the implications of each system on downstream processing and reliability.
BitStalker: Accurately and efficiently monitoring bittorrent traffic

BitTorrent is currently the most popular peer-to-peer network for file sharing. However, experience has shown that BitTorrent is often used to distribute copyright protected movie and music files illegally. Consequently, copyright enforcement agencies currently monitor BitTorrent swarms to identify users participating in the illegal distribution of copyright-protected files. These investigations rely on passive methods that are prone to a variety of errors, particularly false positive identification. To mitigate the potential for false positive peer identification, we investigate the feasibility of using active methods to monitor extremely large BitTorrent swarms. We develop an active probing framework called BitStalker that identifies active peers and collects concrete forensic evidence that they were involved in sharing a particular file. We evaluate the effectiveness of this approach through a measurement study with real, large torrents consisting of over 186,000 peers. We find that the current investigative methods produce at least 11% false positives, while we show that false positives are rare with our active approach.
R&D Policy in Israel

The high tech sector in Israel has turned in the course of the last decade into a striking economic success story, both by local and by international standards. In fact, Israel stands as one of the most prolific innovating economies, and as one of the few Silicon Valley types of technology centers in the world. There is no doubt that government policy was key to the emergence and early success of the sector, a policy embedded for the most part in the programs and budgetary resources of the Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS) at the Ministry of Industry and Trade. However, the very success of the sector and its relentless dynamism call for the periodic revision and reexamination of those policies. Moreover, the policy impasse of the late 1990s (due to tight government funding at a time of growing demand for Research and Development (R&D) funding) brought to the surface basic tensions that were built into the policies, and that could no longer be ignored.
Response of pultruded glass composite box beams under bending and shear

Abstract Existing failure load prediction models for pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) box beams are inaccurate when compared to experimental evaluations provided herein by the authors. This inaccuracy is attributed to improper identification of failure modes based on beam span-to-depth ratios and principal strain resulting in premature failure compared to elastic bending stress-based failures. Inclusion of stress intensity factors and computation of stress concentrations aids in consistently accurate results compared with experimental data. The proposed equations are predicting critical flexural load capacities within ±22% of experimental data for all cases. The failure model in tension is the most accurate one, while local buckling predictions in compression need further refinement.
Abstract W P264: Imaging Cerebrovascular Reserve using Blood Flow and Oxygenation Level Dependent: A Study using Acetazolamide Challenge

Introduction: Cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) capacity in patients with chronic stenosis or occlusion of major arteries including the carotid provides valuable information in predicting their risks of developing strokes subsequently1. In the current study, we compared CVR assessment using two MRI methods ASL (arterial spin labeling) and BOLD (blood oxygenation level dependent) with the injection of acetazolamide (Diamox). Method: A multi-delay ASL (10 post-label delays, first TI=300ms, increment=300ms) sequence was acquired before the injection of Diamox, the BOLD sequence was started for continuous acquisition, 1-5 minutes of baseline images were acquired before the 3-minute infusion, the BOLD sequence ends 15 minutes from the start of Diamox injection. A post-Diamox ASL was then acquired. The CVR was then measured using two metrics for both ASL (CVRasl) and BOLD (CVRbold) to compare the agreement between the two methods. Results & Discussions: CVR metrics using both ASL and BOLD were reliably obtained in ...
Malicious Software in Ubiquitous Computing

Malware (malicious software) is rampant in our information technology infrastructures and is likely to be so for the foreseeable future. We will look at various types of malware and their characteristics and see what defenses currently exist to combat them. Various aspects of ubiquitous computing will likely prove game-changers for malware and we will look into how the problem will evolve as ubiquitous computing (UbiComp) is deployed.
Membrane‐Filtered Olive Mill Wastewater: Quality Assessment of the Dried Phenolic‐Rich Fraction

A current trend in olive mill wastewater (OMWW) management is to not only decrease environmental pollution but also to extract and utilize valuable by-products. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to explore different techniques for drying a phenolic-rich membrane filtration fraction of OMWW and compare the techniques in terms of the dried product quality and feasibility of the process. The OMWW from 2 (3-phase and 2-phase) California mills was subjected to a 2-step membrane filtration process using a novel vibratory system. The reverse osmosis retentate (RO-R) is a phenolic-rich coproduct stream, and the reverse osmosis permeate is a near-pure water stream that could be recycled into the milling process. Spray-, freeze-, and infrared-drying were applied to obtain solid material from the RO-R. Drying of the RO-R was made possible only with addition of 10% maltodextrin as a carrier. The total soluble phenolics in dried RO-R were in the range 0.15 to 0.58 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight for 2-phase RO-R, and 1.38 to 2.17 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dry weight for the 3-phase RO-R. Spray-dried RO-R from 3-phase OMWW showed remarkable antioxidant activity. Protocatechuic acid, tyrosol, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid were quantified in all dried RO-R, whereas 3-hydroxytyrosol was found in 3-phase dried RO-R. This combination of separation and drying technologies helps to add value and shelf-stability to an olive oil by-product and increase environmental sustainability of its production.
Hemolymph Ecdysteroid Titers in the 5th Instar of the Oleander Hawk Moth, Deilephila nerii: Relationship to Melanization and Pupation

An ecdysteroid-mediated pigmentation change from green to black occurs on the dorsum of all eight abdominal segments of 5th instars of the oleander hawk moth, Deilephila nerii (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). High-pressure liquid chromatographic analyses of hemolymph ecdysteroid titers from various time periods within the 5th instar reveal that two ecdysteroid releases occur involving 20-hydroxyecdysone (β-ecdysone), the major ecdysteroid present. The first release precedes the appearance of the characteristic prodromal signs as well as synthesis and deposition of melanin, and may serve to trigger these events. The second release results in the processes of apolysis and ecdysis. A model is proposed presenting the basic mechanisms that may be involved in triggering the onset of melanization and pupation in this insect.
Measurements of Ultrafine Particles and Other Vehicular Pollutants inside a Mobile Exposure System on Los Angeles Freeways

Abstract A mobile exposure and air pollution measurement system was developed and used for on-freeway ultrafine particle health effects studies. A nine-passenger van was modified with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration system that can deliver filtered or unfiltered air to an exposure chamber inside the van. State-of-the-art instruments were used to measure concentration and size distribution of fine and ultrafine particles and the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), black carbon (BC), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) inside the exposure chamber. This paper presents the construction and technical details of the van and air pollutant concentrations collected in 32 2-hr runs on two major Los Angeles freeways, Interstate 405 (I-405; mostly gasoline traffic) and Interstate 710 (I-710; large proportion of heavy-duty diesel traffic). More than 97% of particles were removed when the flow through the filte...
Monitoring results of disinfection quality of medical institutions in Shixing county 2009-2013

Objective To understand the status of disinfection quality of medical institutions in urban and rural areas in Shixing,and analyze the existing problems to provide scientific basis for the guidance of disinfection,prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods Disinfection quality monitoring data of medical institutions were collected from2009 to 2013 based on unified method.SPSS11.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results 2009-2013 total of 5 059 samples were analyzed; 4 057 were qualified,with a pass rate of 80.19%; there was significant differences in the passing rates among these 5 years(χ2=55.32,P0.01). The disinfection quality passing rates of county,town and village were 92.88%,86.07%,73.60%,respectively,showing significant differences(χ2=190.85,P0.01).The disinfection quality passing rate of village health stations was very low.Among the monitoring items,the passing rate of disinfectant was the highest,89.98%,followed by the object surface 87.84%,hands of medical personnel 72.78%,and the bacterial content in the air was the lowest,only 66.51%.The qualified rate differences among the various monitoring items were statistically significant(χ2=300.64,P0.01). Conclusions The situation of disinfection quality of medical institutions in Shixing county urban and rural conclusion is not optimistic.It should be continue to strengthen the supervision and administration of medical institutions,and arouse the awareness of disinfection of medical personnel at all levels.
Effects of “Mountain” Type Formula Fertilization Technology Application on Rice

In order to verify application effects of " Mountain" type of formula fertilization for rice, field tests were carried out. The results showed that the rice yield of "Mountain" type formula fertilization was higher than that of other fertilization treatments. The plant height, spike length, filled grain number and grain weight were also better than those of other fertilization treatments. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the yield of " mountain" type formula fertilization increased by 4.29%-5.51%, and the increased output value was 1 579.5-1 903.5 yuan/hm2.
The Berlin Wall after the Berlin Wall: Site into sight

How did the Berlin Wall disappear as a border and re-appear as a site of memory? This article examines how the material space of the Wall was erased and reintroduced as worthy of commemoration. It ...
Nitrogen Arylation for Macrocyclization of Unprotected Peptides

We describe an efficient and mild method for the synthesis of macrocyclic peptides via nitrogen arylation from unprotected precursors. Various electrophiles and lysine-based nucleophiles were investigated and showed high-yielding product formation, even for a macrocyclization scan with 14 variants. We found that nitrogen-linked aryl products were more stable to base and oxidation when compared to thiol arylated species, thereby highlighting the utility of this methodology. Finally, N-aryl macrocyclization was performed on a p53 peptide inhibitor of MDM2 and resulted in identification of a nanomolar binder with improved proteolytic stability and cell permeability.
Application of Lithium Metal Anodes

Li metal is an ideal anode to replace carbon based anode used in the state of the art Li-ion batteries. It is also widely used in Li-S and Li-air batteries. Although the use of Li metal anodes in these batteries has been limited by Li dendrite growth and the low CE of Li cycling, the stability of Li metal anodes is much different when used in different types of Li metal batteries and will be discussed separately in this chapter.
Current and future noise impacts of the UK hub airport

Abstract Noise is a negative byproduct of aviation operations, the effects of which can have a significant impact on human health and welfare. In this study, we model the present day noise impacts from two London airports: Heathrow and Gatwick. We monetize perceivable and attributable impacts using a willingness to pay for abatement from hedonic pricing studies, and we monetize other health impacts by combining the value of life years lost from mortalities and a cost of illness approach. We find that noise generated by operations at these two airports impacts 255,800 people, contributing to 54 myocardial infarctions and 17 premature mortalities each year. We find annual total damages of £80.3 million and £0.87 million attributable to Heathrow and Gatwick respectively. Further, we calculate expected noise impacts in 2030. Due to capacity constraints and technology improvements, noise impacts are expected to decrease to £76.5 million per annum if neither airport undergoes expansion. However, if Heathrow expands through runway extension or construction of an additional runway, total damages increase £92.5 million or £104.6 million respectively. Expanding Gatwick with a second independent runway results in total annual damages of £78.8 million.
Inhibition of Bcl-2 by Anti-Sense Oligonucleotide and siRNA in Specimens from Patients with Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (WM).

We have previously shown that Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODN) specifically downregulate protein and message for Bcl-2 in the WSU-WM Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia cell line ( a gift from Dr. Al-Katib, Wayne State University). This downregulation is associated with decreased cell viability and appeared to have some additive cell killing with chemotherapeutic agents active against this line. In the current study we sought to replicate these findings in patient specimens, and to test the specificity of Bcl-2 as the target, using siRNA specifically designed against Bcl-2. Bone marrow specimens from 2 patients with WM having more than 90% marrow involvement with lymphoplasmacytoid cells, were obtained with informed consent. Lymphoid cells were separated using Histopaque(Sigma). Cells were washed with Opti-MEM media (Gibco) and seeded at 100x10 4 cells per well and transfected with 15μg/ml Lipofectin (Invitrogen) and 400nm oligonucleotide or 25nM concentration of siRNA and corresponding control molecules. The total incubation time was 72 hours. Cells were lysed and Western blots performed. G3139 (Genta), an 18mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide targeted to the initiation codon region of the Bcl-2 mRNA and G4126 (a 2-base mismatch control ODN) were tested. G3139 was able to specifically downregulate Bcl-2 protein expression by 75% with no changes in expression of other apoptotic family proteins including bcl-xL, bax and PKC-α. These findings were similar to those in the WSU-WM cell line and were associated with increased cell death. Levels of tubulin, as a control protein, were not affected. D6, an siRNA designed against Bcl-2 (Dharmacon) also was able to downregulate Bcl-2 protein by Western blotting, while D3, a control siRNA, was not. These results replicated those seen with the WSU-WM cell line. RT-PCR of RNA from these cells using primers for bcl-2 mRNA confirmed that message is also inhibited after 3 days of treatment with specific (but not control) AS-ODN and siRNA. Of interest, expression of p21 (Cip-1), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was upregulated >10-fold with the downregulation of Bcl-2 by both AS-ODN and siRNA for Bcl-2. p21 may play a role not only as a tumor suppressor, but also as an inhibitor of cell proliferation and therefore apoptosis. The possibility that p21 acts as an additional inhibitor of apoptosis in WM is currently under study. These findings confirm that in WM patient specimens as well as cell lines, specific downregulation of Bcl-2 is achievable with antisense ODN and siRNA and is associated with inhibition of cell growth. Both of these agents may have clinical applicability in this disease. The WSU-WM cell line appears to be an excellent model for the study of apoptosis in WM, as studies in patient specimens mirror the cell line findings. The role of p21 as a potential secondary inhibitor of apoptosis after inhibition of Bcl-2 in WM is currently under study as a potential target for combined biologic therapy in this disease.
Repair of Scalp Necroses Secondary to Scalp-Lifting Using Strip Donor Harvesting in Combination with a V-T Plasty:

Extensive scalp-lifting is a technique that involves undermining and advancement of the entire occipitoparietal scalp in an upward and inward direction. Because such a large area is undermined with...
Requiem for a Machine

Here’s a challenge for present-day systems biologists. Say you wanted to find out how many ribosomes are present in cells growing under different conditions. How would you do it? You might think of using quantitative PCR to measure the amount of rRNA inside the cell. However, you could end up with an overestimate because some of the rRNA may not yet be assembled in mature ribosomes. For instance, add chloramphenicol, a protein synthesis-inhibiting antibiotic, to a culture and you will measure increases in the cellular levels of rRNA due to the accumulation of non-functional, immature ribosomes. Perhaps, then, you would roll up your sleeves and run a sucrose gradient to separate the mature ribosomes from their precursors and immature forms by size fractionation, but this is a labor intensive method that not many people like to do these days. We’ll agree that making such measurements may not be as easy as it sounds. So let me reminisce about how we carried this out in the old days. All it took was a fancy apparatus and some chutzpah.
The Americans with Disabilities Act – are we keeping our promise? An analysis of the effect of the ADA on the employment of persons with disabilities

Since the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, little has changed regarding the employment of people with disabilities. This article will review and analyze data from many sources regarding the employment of people with disabilities. Included in this analysis is employment data, compliance data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and data regarding the attitudes of employers complying with the ADA. This analysis reveals that the ADA has had minimal impact on changing patterns of discrimination that decrease the employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities. Finally, the author makes specific recommendations that may change attitudes that lead to discrimination against people with disabilities. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland
Abstract 36: Arm Exercise Stress Test Predictors of Outcome Over 12 Years

For patients with lower extremity disabilities precluding treadmill exercise, pharmacologic nuclear imaging stress tests necessitate administration of ionizing radiation, require much greater equipment and personnel resources, and are several times more expensive and time-consuming than exercise electrocardiography (ECG). In addition, they do not provide powerful prognostic and clinically relevant information on exercise capacity or on symptomatic, hemodynamic and ECG responses to exercise. In lower extremity disabled individuals, we have reported that arm exercise (AXT) capacity in METs and delta (peak exercise - rest) heart rate ([[Unable to Display Character: ∆]]HR) prognosticate survival and an abnormal exercise ECG predicts all-cause mortality. However, these data included follow-up of only 5.3 years and did not provide information on heart rate recovery (HRR), an important prognosticator of survival for leg exercise. Furthermore, the predictive role of HRR has not been well-characterized in high-risk populations or for arm exercise. Thus, the purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether arm exercise HRR, AXT METs, [[Unable to Display Character: ∆]]HR and an abnormal ECG response independently prognosticate all-cause mortality, subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary revascularization (CVASC) over a longer follow-up period in patients who cannot perform leg exercise. A total of 446 veterans, aged 64 +/- 11 yrs. underwent AXT between 1997 and 2002 and were followed to an endpoint of death or at least 10 years. Average annual mortality, MI, CVASC and combined event rates were 7.0%, 1.9%, 2.8% and 12.1%, respectively. Over an average follow-up of 12.0 +/- 1.3 years for survivors, HRR at both 1 and 2 minutes post-exercise was highly and inversely related to mortality (p
Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to Alcohol Withdrawal- Induced and Socially Transferred Hyperalgesia.

Pain is often described as a "biopsychosocial" process, yet social influences on pain and underlying neural mechanisms are only now receiving significant experimental attention. Expression of pain by one individual can be communicated to nearby individuals by auditory, visual, and olfactory cues. Conversely, the perception of another's pain can lead to physiological and behavioral changes in the observer, which can include induction of hyperalgesia in "bystanders" exposed to "primary" conspecifics in which hyperalgesia has been induced directly. The current studies were designed to investigate the neural mechanisms responsible for the social transfer of hyperalgesia in bystander mice housed and tested with primary mice in which hyperalgesia was induced using withdrawal (WD) from voluntary alcohol consumption. Male C57BL/6J mice undergoing WD from a two-bottle choice voluntary alcohol-drinking procedure served as the primary mice. Mice housed in the same room served as bystanders. Naive, water-drinking controls were housed in a separate room. Immunohistochemical mapping identified significantly enhanced Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula (INS) of bystander mice compared to naive controls, and in the dorsal medial hypothalamus (DMH) of primary mice. Chemogenetic inactivation of the ACC but not primary somatosensory cortex reversed the expression of hyperalgesia in both primary and bystander mice. These studies point to an overlapping neural substrate for expression of socially transferred hyperalgesia and that expressed during alcohol WD.
My Secret Life.

In my early childhood, my parents gave me to my maternal grandparents for a “visit” that extended over a period of nine years. I seemed to be a fairly ordinary student in primary grades, and had to...
Increasing the Depth of Field: Critical Race Theory and Photovoice as Counter Storytelling Praxis

Thru the Lenz was a youth participatory action project in which a group of urban high school students explored their lives and communities through art, photography, and narrative. Drawing on data from Thru the Lenz, I deploy CRT to reimagine the research space as a place for counter storytelling. Majoritarian stories are stories that invoke and perpetuate white privilege, are based on racist ideology, are pervasive and are told by whites as well as people of color (Solorzano and Yosso in Qual Inq 8:23–44, 2002a). Counter stories are a method and a tool that enable a deeper understanding of the stories the youth co-constructed though their photos and narratives and also challenge the majoritarian stories told about them, their school, and community (Solorzano and Yosso in Qual Inq 8:23–44, 2002a). Specifically, I present the research praxis organized in the form of an emerging counter story based on two key themes: good community and successful school. When constructed using a CRT framework, the students’ stories about their educational experiences provide a strong critique of neoliberal education reform. I conclude with a discussion of the tensions and challenges of engaging in counter story as critical, emancipatory praxis that elucidates the linkages of personal experiences and macro policies (Stovall in Race Ethn Educ 9:243–259, 2006).
Modeling investigation of low salinity water injection in sandstones and carbonates: Effect of Na+ and SO42−

Abstract Low salinity water injection (LSWI) has gained great attention as a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method with numerous advantages (e.g., economic and environmental aspects), compared to other conventional chemical EOR methods. For the past two decades, a number of laboratory studies have been performed by researchers to understand the main pore-scale mechanisms of oil displacement during LSWI; however, further experimental and modeling research works are required to comprehend the LSWI governing mechanisms. The focus of this paper is to investigate important aspects such as oil recovery mechanisms, wettability alteration, changes in pH of formation water, and mineral reactions (dissolution/precipitation) which occur during LSWI in sandstones and carbonates. To explore the effect of ion-exchange, a compositional model is developed with the aid of laboratory data provided by Computer Modeling Group (CMG), where Na+ and SO42− are used as interpolants to model LSWI in sandstone and carbonate cores, respectively. In this study, it is concluded that wettability change from preferentially oil-wet to more water-wet is the dominant mechanism for a considerable increase in the oil recovery in carbonate rocks. Based on the simulation runs, the amount of calcite precipitation and dissolution is found to be small in the carbonate case studied in this research work; exhibiting an insignificant impact. However, the calcite precipitation and dolomite dissolution are the central factors, affecting oil recovery during LSWI if there is a high bicarbonate content ( HCO 3 - ) , in the presence of other catalytic ions.
What is “Typical Calcalkaline Andesite”?

Currently, active volcanoes on Earth erupt andesite more than any other rock type. These andesite sources are frequently stunning in beauty yet are sometimes lethal in effect. Although their eruptions cause more damage to property and environment than to persons, some people, including volcanologists, died violently due to eruptions of andesite while this book was being written in academic safety.
Liver transplant pathology: a timeline based approach and review

Abstract Liver transplantation is becoming more widely used for the treatment of numerous diseases. Liver pathology has an important role in both donor selection and guidance for treatment decisions to preserve allografts. Pathologists are increasingly requested to perform frozen section analysis of donor liver because suboptimal allografts need to be utilized because of the shortage of available donor livers. Post-transplant liver biopsies can seem overwhelming due to the wide differential diagnosis compared to that for non-allograft liver biopsies. When evaluating allograft liver biopsies, attention to the morphologic pattern and correlation with clinical findings is essential. This review provides a brief overview of the differential diagnoses encountered in allograft biopsies and a guide to diagnosis using histologic findings and the timeline after transplantation.
Keep on Nano truckin’, truck our blues away

Durch Hightech Strategien versucht die Politik moderner Gesellschaften Einfluss auf die Governance2 gesellschaftlicher Wissensproduktion zu nehmen – dies gilt auch und insbesondere fur das Feld der Nanotechnologien, die seit einigen Jahren zur neuen (globalen) Schlusseltechnologie ausgerufen werden (siehe BMBF 2006, 2011b). Die Politik kann dies jedoch nicht mehr, sofern sie es denn je konnte, allein in Form sanktionsbewehrter hierarchischer Steuerung.
Enoxaparin Thromboprophylaxis Dosing and Anti-Factor Xa Levels in Low-Weight Patients.

INTRODUCTION Enoxaparin is a widely used anticoagulant to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE). A fixed dose is recommended for VTE prophylaxis. However, fixed prophylactic doses of enoxaparin in low-weight patients may be close to the weight-based dosing recommended for VTE treatment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate peak anti-factor Xa (aFXa) levels in low-weight patients receiving enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis. METHODS Retrospective cohort of adult patients weighing < 55 kg who were hospitalized at Loma Linda University Medical Center between January 2008 and February 2017. All patients received enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis with a peak aFXa level drawn. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving peak aFXa levels within the goal range of 0.2-0.5 unit/ml. RESULTS Of 35 patients receiving enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis with an appropriately timed peak aFXa level, 74% achieved goal peak aFXa levels and the median daily dose of enoxaparin was 30 mg. The mean weight was approximately 44 kg. No significant correlations between aFXa level and body mass index or body weight were found. CONCLUSION A lower dose of enoxaparin may be reasonable in low-weight patients for VTE prophylaxis. There appears to be no safety concerns with reduced enoxaparin dosing in low-weight patients. More robust data are needed to confirm these findings.
Mosquitofish use the past experiences of others with risk to make shoaling decisions

In social species, individuals can use a variety of cues to inform their association patterns. For example, individuals might use information about the rank, recent diet and disease state of potential partners to make association decisions. However, whether individuals use the past experiences of others with predation risk to inform their association decisions remains unknown. Associating with experienced individuals might enable social transmission of predator information and prepare individuals for dangers they have not yet encountered personally. Alternatively, individuals might avoid such predator-experienced individuals and the potential high predation risk nearby. Here, I manipulated the exposure to predation risk of laboratory-born mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, creating high-risk individuals (exposed to alarm cues 9 × over 18 days) and low-risk individuals (exposed to water only). I tested preference of naive laboratory-born focal fish to associate with these high-risk and low-risk individuals, allowing both visual and chemical cues, in a choice test. Under safe conditions, focal fish associated equally with the high-risk and low-risk individuals. I then added alarm cue to the testing tank and again measured association preferences. Under these risky conditions, the focal fish increased their time spent associating with the low-risk partner. Importantly, high-risk and low-risk partners did not differ in swimming activity. These results suggest that during interactions, individuals can not only detect the past experiences of others with predation risk, but that they use this information to alter their shoaling decisions under certain conditions, specifically when they themselves encounter cues of predation risk.
Preoperative Opioid Use Disorder Is Associated With Poorer Outcomes After Coronary Bypass and Valve Surgery: A Multistate Analysis, 2007-2014.

Objective To determine the effect of preoperative opioid use disorder (OUD) on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and heart valve surgery. Design Retrospective, observational study using data from the State Inpatient Database and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Setting Inpatient data from Florida, California, New York, Maryland, and Kentucky between 2007 and 2014. Participants A total of 377,771 CABG patients and 194,469 valve surgery patients age ≥18 years. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results The prevalence of OUD was 2,136 (0.57%) in the CABG group and 2,020 (1.04%) in the valve surgery group. There was no significant difference in mortality between the OUD and non-OUD groups in both surgical cohorts (both p > 0.05). On adjusted analyses, preoperative OUD was significantly associated with increased adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 30-day hospital readmission (CABG aOR 1.47 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.30-1.66]; valve surgery aOR 1.41 [95% CI 1.27-1.56]) and 90-day hospital readmission (CABG aOR 1.47 [95% CI 1.31-1.64]; valve surgery aOR 1.33 [95% CI 1.23-1.43]). Preoperative OUD was significantly associated with increased adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of hospital length of stay (CABG aRR 1.13 [95% CI 1.10-1.16]; valve surgery aRR 1.63 [95% CI 1.54-1.72]) and total hospitalization charges (CABG aRR 1.05 [95% CI 1.03-1.07]; valve surgery aRR 1.28 [95% CI 1.24-1.32]). Conclusion Preoperative OUD is significantly associated with poorer outcomes after cardiac surgery, including increased 30- and 90-day readmissions, hospital length of stay, and total hospitalization charges. Opioid use should be considered a modifiable risk factor in cardiac surgery, and interventions should be attempted preoperatively.
EMPLOYEE PERCEIVED SUPERVISOR SUPPORT, NARCISSISTIC LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE TURNOVER INTENTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Although supportive leadership produces a genuine relationship between leaders and employees, resulting in higher employee job satisfaction and lower employee turnover intention (Pradhan & Pradhan, 2015), employees may perceive that many factors contribute to negative attitudes at work that increase turnover intention. Many researchers have established that uncivil behavior, toxic leadership, bullying and mobbing increases disengagement and absenteeism and negatively influence the leader-follower dyad and organizational performance. Narcissistic leaders have both positive and negative behavioral traits associated with them, which can be both prominent and damaging to the employees’ perceptions of their relationship with their managers, ultimately influencing their intent to stay or leave their job. Retaining skilled employees is essential for an organization’s success, but research has been mainly conducted through the lens of the supervisor instead of the employee. Based on the theoretical foundation of the leader-member exchange theory (LMX), the purpose of this literature review was to examine the relationship between the employees’ perceptions of supervisor support [PSS] and narcissistic leadership [NL]) on employee turnover intention [TI]. Managers and employees may use the information to improve employee professional development, promote safe and healthy workplaces, improve employee retention, and improve the collaboration of the leader-employee relationships, thus contributing to positive social change. Keywords: Supervisor Support, Narcissistic Leadership, Turnover Intention CITATION: Disque, N. A., Ph.D. (2020). Employee perceived supervisor support, narcissistic leadership and employee turnover intention: A literature review. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management , 7(2), 426 – 455.
Projected Economic Burden of Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Hip and Knee in the United States.

Abstract Background In addition to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), the cost of treating PJI is substantial. Prior high-quality national estimates of the economic burden of PJI utilize data up to 2009 to project PJI growth in the United States through 2020. Now in the year 2020, it is appropriate to evaluate these past projections and incorporate the latest available data to better understand the current scale and burden of PJI in the United States. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002-2017) was used to identify rates and associated inpatient costs for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and PJI-related revision TKA and THA. Poisson regression was utilized to model past growth and project future rates and cost of PJI of the hip and knee. Results Using the most recent data, the combined annual hospital costs related to PJI of the hip and knee were estimated to be $1.85 billion by 2030. This includes $753.4 million for THA PJI and $1.1 billion for TKA PJI, in that year. Increases in PJI costs are mainly attributable to increases in volume. Although the growth in incidence of primary THA and TKA has slowed in recent years, the incidence of PJI and the cost per case of PJI remained relatively constant from 2002 to 2017. Discussion Understanding the current and potential future financial burden of PJI for surgeons, patients, and healthcare systems is essential. There is an urgent need for efficacious preventive strategies in reducing rates of PJI after THA and TKA.
Firm-Sponsored Developers in OpenSource SoftwareProjects: by Homscheid, Dirk., Wiesbaden, Springer Gabler, 2020, 236 pp., $89.99 (softcover), ISBN: 978-3-658-31477-4

Open-source software (OSS) has experienced rapid development and adoption, with some products capturing significant market share. A monumental example of collaboration, OSS paved the way for other ...
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Improve Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow-Up Rates Using School-Based Telemedicine

Abstract Objective Patients with a new diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who are prescribed stimulant medication need regular follow-up. Guidelines recommend follow-up within 30 days of stimulant initiation or change but this goal is seldom achieved. This quality improvement (QI) study in an urban academic outpatient practice aimed to: 1) assess whether use of school-based telemedicine increases rates of follow-up within 30 days and decreases the number of days to follow-up for ADHD, and 2) compare rates of 30-day follow-up via in-person vs telemedicine visits. Methods We performed three Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles over a 12-month period: QI interventions included clinic wide education, paper prompts for clinicians, and creation of a database to track ADHD patients. We measured days from the index visit to the follow-up visit, and the mode of both visits (in-person or telemedicine). Data were collected for 6 months pre-intervention and 12 months post-intervention. Results Follow-up within 30 days increased from 19% (of 191 visits) to 33% (of 661 visits) (P Discussion A QI intervention for ADHD care increased rates of follow-up within 30 days, particularly when telemedicine was used, and decreased the number of days to follow-up. This intervention could serve as a model to improve follow-up for ADHD in other settings.
The Arkansas Creationism Trial Forty Years On

In 1981, in the US State of Arkansas, there was a trial over the constitutionality of teaching so-called “Creation Science”—better known as biblical literalism—in the science classes of the publicly financed schools of the state. The American Civil Liberties Union brought suit arguing that to do so would violate the separation of church and state, mandated by the First Amendment. I was an expert witness for the ACLU, speaking to the philosophical issues of the dispute. The philosophy of Karl Popper played a crucial role in my testimony. The Creationists had seized on the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn, who argued that the choice between paradigms is more one of faith commitment than reasoned evidence. The Creationists said that the choice between evolution and the Bible was a paradigm choice, and therefore Creationism had equal right to be taught in science classrooms. Popper’s whole philosophical life had been dedicated to the importance of evidence and rationality. It was therefore nigh mandated that I would use Popper’s philosophy to oppose the Creationists’ embrace of Kuhn. I was happy to do so—and, incidentally, successful, for explicitly citing my Popperian testimony the judge ruled that Creation Science cannot be taught in science classrooms.
Atomic Ambiguity: Event Data Evidence on Nuclear Latency and International Cooperation:

How does dual-use technology influence cooperation? This study explores how the development of nuclear latency (the technological precursors to nuclear weapons) affects U.S. cooperative overtures t...