cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poverty PhDs: Funds of knowledge, poverty, and professional identity in academia

In contrast to the common deficit approach, this self-study explores the relationship between the funds of knowledge possessed by people of poverty and their development of professional identity in academia. All three authors have moved beyond conditions of financial poverty, but all find that the mental conditions of poverty persist. We conclude that select skills and dispositions developed in conditions of material poverty helped us to navigate graduate school and continue to productively inform, yet complicate, the development of our professional academic identities. We tease apart the myth of meritocracy and identify the value of transferable funds of knowledge developed in poverty. We document how our own practices have changed as a result of recognizing our funds of knowledge developed in poverty.
The New Discrimination Law: Price Waterhouse is Dead, Whither McDonnell Douglas?

In Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa, the Court for the first time interpreted section 703(m), which was added to Title VII in the Civil Rights Act of 1991 and which provides that plaintiff establishes defendants liability by proving that race or sex "was a motivating factor for any employment practice, even though other factors also motivated the practice." Apply a plain meaning approach, the unanimous Court decided that, "In order to obtain an instruction under [section 703(m)], a plaintiff need only present sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to conclude, by a preponderance of evidence, that 'race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a motivating factor for any employment practice." Rejecting literally hundreds of lower court decisions, the Court concluded that "direct evidence of discrimination is not required in mixed-motive cases." This article works out the implications for individual discrimination law of Desert Palace. The major conclusion is that section 703(m)'s "a motivating factor" applies in all contested individual discrimination cases. Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins has lost any significance beyond its validation of using evidence of stereotypical thinking to support a finding of discrimination. As a method of analysis separate from section 703(m), McDonnell Douglas' "determinative influence" standard applies as a matter of law only in those rare situations where plaintiff has a "barebones" prima facie case and nothing more and defendant decides not to assert a nondiscriminatory reason to rebut the prima facie case. While plaintiff and defendant may agree that McDonnell Douglas applies in any particular case, if they do not agree the "a motivating factor" test established in section 703(m) applies to all individual disparate treatment cases. But for that very small subset of cases where the McDonnell Douglas analysis applies, defendant will be liable if race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was "a motivating factor" for the action plaintiff attacks. If an impermissible factor was a motivating factor, the defendant has the opportunity provided by section 706(g)(2)(B) to prove as an affirmative defense to full remedies that it would have made the same decision even if it had not considered that impermissible factor.
A brute force dichotomization approach to quantitative trait linkage analysis.

The effect of dichotomizing a continuous phenotype in linkage analysis of a simulated oligogenic trait is explored. We conclude that dichotomization does not in itself preclude the detection of loci which account for as little as 16% of the genetic variance of the disease. The effects of inclusion of known covariates and quantitative trait linkage analysis are also discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Application of Fourier Techniques to Underwater Image Transmission: A Test of the Linear-Invariant Hypothesis*

The modulation transfer functions of some aqueous solutions were calculated in two ways: (a) by measuring the sine-wave response through observation of the contrast transmittance of a resolution grating, and (b) by computing the Fourier transform of the image of a line source. For linear-invariant systems, to which Fourier techniques are applicable, both schemes will yield the same result. In the experiments, significant differences were found, caused by small temperature fluctuations in the solutions. The indiscriminate application of Fourier techniques to image transmission in natural bodies of water is questioned.
Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylates and Regulates the HIV-1 Vif Protein

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif protein plays a critical role in virus replication and infectivity. Here we show that Vif is phosphorylated and regulated by p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Vif phosphorylation by MAPK was demonstrated in vitro as well as in vivoand was shown to occur on serine and threonine residues. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping indicated that Vif is phosphorylated by MAPK on the same sites in vitro and in vivo. Radioactive peptide sequencing identified two phosphorylation sites, Thr96 and Ser165. These phosphorylation sites do not correspond to the known optimum consensus sequences for phosphorylation by MAPK (PX(S/T)P) nor to the minimum consensus sequence ((S/T)P), indicating that MAPK can phosphorylate proteins at sites other than those containing the PX(S/T)P or (S/T)P motifs. Synthetic Vif peptides corresponding to the local sequences of the phosphorylation sites were not phosphorylated by MAPK, suggesting that recognition of these sites by MAPK is likely to require structural determinants outside the phosphorylation site. Mutations of the Thr96 site, which is conserved among Vif sequences from HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV, resulted in significant loss of Vif activity and inhibition of HIV-1 replication. These results suggest that MAPK plays a direct role in regulating HIV-1 replication and infectivity by phosphorylating Vif and identify a novel mechanism for activation of HIV-1 replication by mitogens and other extracellular stimuli.
Effect of Additional Cross-linking of Continuous Chemical Stress Relaxation of cis-Polybutadiene

Abstract : Continuous and intermittent stress relaxation experiments were carried out on dicumyl peroxide cured cis-polybutadiene in vacuum at several temperatures. An extension of the two-network theory is proposed whereby the effectiveness of a crosslink at various extension ratios is experimentally defined. The effectiveness varies from unity at an extension ratio of unity to zero at very high extension ratios. (Author)
Thermal evolution models for the valles caldera with reference to a hot-dry-rock geothermal experiment

Abstract A two-dimensional finite element heat conduction model has been formulated and used to investigate the thermal evolution of the Valles volcanic complex and caldera in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. The Valles complex is currently being extensively explored for geothermal energy within the caldera by commercial interests seeking hydrothermal resources. In addition, a number of test wells have been drilled just outside the caldera's west margin by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory to test a potential hot-dry-rock (HDR) geothermal energy extraction technique. It is assumed that a magma chamber was emplaced under the Valles complex prior to the last large ash-flow eruption 1.04 m.y. ago; calculations of thermal evolution to the present are compared with heat flow and temperature measurements made in the geothermal test holes in and near the caldera. Results indicate that: (1) a partly molten magma chamber may still reside beneath the Valles complex; (2) the magma chamber may have extended initially beyond the margin of the caldera as defined by the ring fracture system; and (3) the top of the magma chamber may have originally been just below the present bottom of the HDR test holes, at 3 km, so that further drilling may encounter very young, recently crystallized granite.
Persistence of gastric ulcers caused by plain aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents in patients treated with a combination of cimetidine, antacids, and enteric-coated aspirin.

Twenty-three patients chronically ingesting plain aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, who had endoscopically proven solitary or multiple gastric ulcers, were treated for eight weeks with cimetidine and antacids. Plain aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were discontinued in all patients. Seven patients received enteric-coated aspirin throughout the treatment phase and continuously for the entire study period (2.5–12 months). The remainder of patients (N=16) did not receive enteric-coated aspirin. An endoscopy was performed to assess ulcer healing. None of seven patients receiving enteric-coated aspirin had complete healing of their ulcer(s) while 15 of 16 patients not receiving enteric-coated aspirin demonstrated complete healing of their ulcer(s) (P<0.001). An eight-week course of cimetidine and antacids is ineffective in completely healing gastric ulcers caused by plain aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs while enteric-coated aspirin is continued.
Monte Carlo determination of the internal energies of hydration for the Ala dipeptide in the C7, C5, αR, and PII conformations

The internal energies of hydration of the Ala dipeptide in the C7, C5, αR, and PII conformations were computed with the Monte Carlo method. The results indicate that both the αR and PII conformations are preferentially stabilized by hydration in general accord with the results of recent experiments described by Madison and Kopple. The major contributing factor for the stability of internal energy of hydration for these conformations can be traced to the hydration of the carbonyl group.
Hemodynamic Effects of Nebulized Sodium Nitroprusside and Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Piglets

Hemodynamic Effects of Nebulized Sodium Nitroprusside and Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Piglets
Mo-Doped Mesoporous Silica for Thiophene Hydrodesulfurization: Comparison of Materials and Methods

The mesoporous silica APMS-30 was compared to MCM-41 and MCM-48 as a substrate for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene with H2. Mo was introduced to these materials by four methods: dry impregnation of the calcined silica with MoO3, wet impregnation with aqueous (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, “reactive” impregnation with MoCl3 in toluene, or in situ addition of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O to the reaction mixture (APMS-30 only). Mo loading was approximately 6 wt % (Si/Mo = 24). Samples were characterized by chemical analysis, XRD, N2 physisorption, SEM, and TEM. All samples were active for HDS and showed decreasing catalytic performance as a function of time, generally leveling out at total thiophene conversions between 22.8% and 57.4% after 75 min. Mo−APMS-30 showed the highest conversions, although Mo−MCM-48 synthesized by dry impregnation had slightly higher total conversion. Product distributions showed a shift from more hydrogenated to less hydrogenated C4 compounds as conversion decreased, and low amounts of C1, ...
First Record of Erythmelus klopomor (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) as a Parasitoid of the Avocado Lace Bug, Pseudacysta perseae (Heteroptera: Tingidae)

are deposited as clusters in the adaxialsurface of avocado leaves, and they hatch within 9to 19 d, depending on the temperature (Morales,2000). At temperatures above 30°C, which arecommon in much of Florida, especially in the avo-cado growing season in summer. Therefore, anyegg parasitoid must discover the
An experimental study of deep-bed filtration, stochastic Analysis

Abstract A series of experimental runs of deep-bed filtration was conducted with suspensions of solids of various sizes, size distributions and concentrations. For each run, the pressure drop and effluent concentration were measured as functions of filtration time. The stochastic models, the linear, birth—death, the linear, pure birth, and the second-order, pure birth models, show a good fit with the pressure drop data; the difference between one model and another depends mainly on the relative sizes of coal particles and sand.
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is required for autophagy and is disrupted in VCP disease

Mutations in valosin-containing protein (VCP) cause inclusion body myopathy (IBM), Paget's disease of the bone, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). Patient muscle has degenerating fibers, rimmed vacuoles (RVs), and sarcoplasmic inclusions containing ubiquitin and TDP-43 (TARDNA-binding protein 43). In this study, we find that IBMPFD muscle also accumulates autophagosome-associated proteins, Map1-LC3 (LC3), and p62/sequestosome, which localize to RVs. To test whether VCP participates in autophagy, we silenced VCP or expressed adenosine triphosphatase–inactive VCP. Under basal conditions, loss of VCP activity results in autophagosome accumulation. After autophagic induction, these autophagosomes fail to mature into autolysosomes and degrade LC3. Similarly, IBMPFD mutant VCP expression in cells and animals leads to the accumulation of nondegradative autophagosomes that coalesce at RVs and fail to degrade aggregated proteins. Interestingly, TDP-43 accumulates in the cytosol upon autophagic inhibition, similar to that seen after IBMPFD mutant expression. These data implicate VCP in autophagy and suggest that impaired autophagy explains the pathology seen in IBMPFD muscle, including TDP-43 accumulation.
Short horizon liquidity and trading activity in the US Treasury market: do inventory holding costs matter?

We examine the short horizon relation between liquidity and trading activity in the US Treasury market during nonannouncement periods at 5-, 10- and 30-minute intervals. Our results provide an interesting contrast to the findings of Lee et al. (1993), who examine this relation for the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Similar to the NYSE, we find that market-makers adjust both spread and depth simultaneously in managing their inventory positions. However, in contrast to the NYSE, we find a positive, not negative, relation between trading activity and liquidity after controlling for adverse selection. These results are robust to whether we measure trading activity with volume or number of trades and whether we measure liquidity using bid–ask spread or depth.
A quantitative model of the effect of unreplicated DNA on cell cycle progression in frog egg extracts.

A critical goal in cell biology is to develop a systems-level perspective of eukaryotic cell cycle controls. Among these controls, a complex signaling network (called ‘checkpoints’) arrests progression through the cell cycle when there is a threat to genomic integrity such as unreplicated or damaged DNA. Understanding the regulatory principles of cell cycle checkpoints is important because loss of checkpoint regulation may be a requisite step on the roadway to cancer. Mathematical modeling has proved to be a useful guide to cell cycle regulation by revealing the importance of bistability, hysteresis and time lags in governing cell cycle transitions and checkpoint mechanisms. In this report, we propose a mathematical model of the frog egg cell cycle including effects of unreplicated DNA on progression into mitosis. By a stepwise approach utilizing parameter estimation tools, we build a model that is grounded in fundamental behaviors of the cell cycle engine (hysteresis and time lags), includes new elements in the signaling network (Myt1 and Chk1 kinases), and fits a large and diverse body of data from the experimental literature. The model provides a validated framework upon which to build additional aspects of the cell cycle checkpoint signaling network, including those control signals in the mammalian cell cycle that are commonly mutated in cancer.
Recent advances in turbulence prediction

Turbulence in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (8–14 kilometers in altitude) is a well-known aviation hazard; it is the major cause of injuries and occasional fatalities to passengers and crew members on commercial aircraft. Jet streams, thunderstorms, flow over mountains, and even the passage of other aircraft cause turbulence. However, the lack of precise observational data (which is still mainly from pilots reporting turbulence) and a clear understanding of the processes that cause turbulence make it difficult to accurately forecast aviation-scale turbulence. Hence, upper troposphere and lower stratosphere turbulence forecasting is an area of active research.
Spectral Energy Characteristics of the Constricted Mercury Vapor Lamp—an Extremely Concentrated Source of Ultraviolet Illumination

After having determined in a previous investigation the spectral energy characteristics of a high intensity quartz mercury arc of 8 mm bore for various conditions of operation, the writers here describe a similar set of experiments with an arc constricted to a tube of 2 mm internal diameter and 38 mm long, thus doing away with the outer absorbing layer of relatively cool mercury vapor. Currents of from one-third to five amperes were used, air cooling being necessary between one and two amperes, and water cooling above this point, except at high pressures, when air cooling was necessary even at low currents. Voltage gradients of from seven volts per cm to 58 volts per cm were used. The pressure in the arc, which was of special design, was measured with a mercury manometer, and varied from 29 mm to 3920 mm. The energy in each of the more important groups of lines was measured with a thermopile, and it was found that this type of arc was of very high efficiency, and of tremendous intensity and convenience for slit illumination. Curves are given showing the spectral energy variation with varying current and voltage, and it is shown that approximately the best combination of intensity, efficiency, convenience, and life is obtained at atmospheric pressure, one ampere current, and 110 volts with suitable series resistance. No decrease in efficiency with increasing voltage was observed at pressures up to five atmospheres. Where extreme intensities are desired, currents up to five amperes may be used, but the life of the lamp is shortened.
Positive scalar curvature of totally nonspin manifolds

In this paper we address the issue of positive scalar curvature on oriented nonspin compact manifolds whose universal cover is also nonspin. We provide a conjecture for an obstruction to such curvature in this venue that takes into account all the data known to date. The conjecture is proved for a wide class of closed manifolds based on their fundamental group structure.
Steroid Receptor Co-activator Is Required for Juvenile Hormone Signal Transduction through a bHLH-PAS Transcription Factor, Methoprene Tolerant

Metamorphosis in insects is regulated by juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroids. The mechanism of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), but not of JH action, is well understood. A basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) family member, methoprene tolerant (Met), plays an important role in JH action. Microarray analysis and RNA interference (RNAi) were used to identify 69 genes that require Met for their hydroprene-regulated expression in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Quantitative real time PCR analysis confirmed microarray data for 13 of the 16 hydroprene-response genes tested. The members of the bHLH-PAS family often function as heterodimers to regulate gene expression and Met is a member of this family. To determine whether other members of the bHLH-PAS family are required for the expression of JH-response genes, we employed RNAi to knockdown the expression of all 11 members of the bHLH-PAS family and studied the expression of JH-response genes in RNAi insects. These studies showed that besides Met, another member of this family, steroid receptor co-activator (SRC) is required for the expression of 15 JH-response genes tested. Moreover, studies in JH responsive Aag-2 cells revealed that Aedes aegypti homologues of both Met and SRC are required for the expression of the JH-response gene, kr-h1, and SRC is required for expression of ecdysone-response genes. These data suggest the steroid receptor co-activator plays key roles in both JH and 20E action suggesting that this may be an important molecule that mediates cross-talk between JH and 20E to prevent metamorphosis.
Relevance of motor complications in Parkinson’s disease

Although patients with Parkinson’s disease usually respond to dopaminergic therapy with a smooth, continued effect when medication is first initiated, many patients eventually develop a fluctuating response along with involuntary movements (dyskinesias). The fluctuations in motor response often result in patients requiring more frequent dosing of medication that is less convenient, and they begin to lose control of their daily life. Their ability to work or to perform activities of daily living may fluctuate with response to medication, and the involuntary movements may interfere with activities. The fluctuations and dyskinesias can be painful and quite embarrassing. Overall, quality of life suffers. In addition, there is a marked increase in the expense to both the patient and society when motor fluctuations and dyskinesias develop.
Left ventricular function following internal mammary inplantation

Abstract The effect of internal mammary arterial revascularization of the myocardium on left ventricular (LV) function was studied in 12 patients before and 11 to 24 months after operation by quantitative LV biplane angiocardiography and hemodynamics. An additional four patients who were not treated surgically were also studied. Preoperatively all were rated as clinical class II or III; all had moderate impairment of treadmill exercise tolerance; none had mitral regurgitation or heart failure. Seven had definite myocardial infarctions. Six received single and six double mammary implants. Prior to therapy, the average LV enddiastolic volume (EDV) was 71 ± 22 c.c. per square meter; the end-systolic volume (ESV) was 25 ± 20 c.c. per square meter; the systolic ejection fraction (SEF) was 68 ± 15; the LV mass (LVM) was 99 ± 26 Gm. per square meter; the LV pressure (LVP) was 9 mm. Hg; and the angiographic cardiac index (ACI) was 3.62 ± 0.4 L. per minute per square meter. Only one patient had abnormal contraction involving more than 25 per cent of the left ventricle. Following therapy clinical class improved in four, declined in five, and was constant in seven. None became Class I. A test of exercise capacity (functional aerobic impairment) showed an insignificant improvement from 39 ± 11 to 30 ± 18 per cent. Mitral regurgitation was present in one and heart failure in one. Underlying coronary artery lesions progressed in two and improved in one. LV studies showed EDV, 78 ± 25 c.c. per square meter; ESV, 34 ± 20 c.c. per square meter; SEF, 58 ± 16 per cent; LVP, 10 mm. Hg; and ACI, 3.40 ± 0.9 L. per minute per square meter. Contraction patterns had become worse in six of 15 patients, and none improved. In nine successful implants four showed good anastomoses and five minimal anastomosis with the coronary arterial bed. Stability or improvement in clinical class and exercise performance could not be related to improvement in LV function following myocardial revascularization; in fact, some patients had deterioration in LV function, suggesting that injury to the myocardium occurs at the time of operation.
Response of dissolved nutrients and periphyton to spawning Pacific salmon in three northern Michigan streams

AbstractThe ecological effects of spawning runs of native Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) on stream ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest and Northern Pacific Rim have been studied extensively. However, little is known about how nonnative Pacific salmon affect stream ecosystems in the Great Lakes Basin, especially given the difference in environmental context between the regions. Mechanisms by which salmon spawners alter stream ecosystems include nutrient enrichment from excretion by live adults, carcass decomposition, and physical disturbance of the substrate during redd construction. The objective of our study was to quantify changes in water chemistry and benthic periphyton in 3 streams in northern Michigan that have spawning populations of Pacific salmon. In each stream, dissolved nutrients (soluble reactive P [SRP], NH4+, dissolved organic C [DOC], NO3−), and periphyton on gravel were sampled before, during, and after the spawning run in reaches upstream and downstream of a salmon barrier. Nutrients...
STRENGTH VS. STRUCTURE; A STUDY FOR HYDRAULIC CEMENTS

A review of the present state-of-the-art in structure versus strength determinations for hydraulic cements is undertaken. Both morphological and mechanical factors are discussed. New electron micrograph studies of the hydrated material at 800 Kv are presented. Evidence is presented to show that the hydrated Portland cement is potentially a very strong material. All the data suggest that primary bonds exist between the aggregations of hydrated material. However the existence of primary bonds is not consistent with the structure of hydrated material as presented in the literature and observed by the author.
Iprindole-induced phospholipidosis in rat alveolar macrophages: alterations in oxygen consumption and release of oxidants.

Rats chronically treated with the cationic amphipilic drug iprindole developed a phospholipid storage disorder in their pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AMs). AMs from these iprindole-treated rats (IP-AMs) were compared to AMs from control rats (C-AMs) regarding oxygen consumption and the release of two reactive oxygen species, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Responses of C-AMs and IP-AMs were compared at rest and when stimulated by unopsonized or opsonized zymosan. Opsonization was not necessary in order to induce respiratory burst-associated phenomena in either cell type; in fact in all cases, for a given cell type responses to unopsonized zymosan were virtually identical to those of opsonized zymosan. When at rest, IP-AMs consumed oxygen at a rate nearly identical to that of C-AMs. When stimulated with zymosan particles, IP-AMs consumed more oxygen than controls. However, when superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, two products of the respiratory burst were measured, IP-AMs released less of the...
A decision support system for fusion of hard and soft sensor information based on probabilistic latent semantic analysis technique

This paper presents an ongoing effort towards development of an intelligent Decision-Support System (iDSS) for fusion of information from multiple sources consisting of data from hard (physical sensors) and soft (textural sources. Primarily, this paper defines taxonomy of decision support systems for latent semantic data mining from heterogeneous data sources. A Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) approach is proposed for latent semantic concepts search from heterogeneous data sources. An architectural model for generating semantic annotation of multi-modality sensors in a modified Transducer Markup Language (TML) is described. A method for TML messages fusion is discussed for alignment and integration of spatiotemporally correlated and associated physical sensory observations. Lastly, the experimental results which exploit fusion of soft/hard sensor sources with support of iDSS are discussed.
Constitutive expression of methyl jasmonate-inducible responses delays reproduction and constrains fitness responses to nutrients in Arabidopsis thaliana

The analysis of a suite of traits under a range of environmental conditions is necessary to fully examine costs of resistance. I compared phenological, morphological and reproductive traits of several independent lines of a transgenic methyl jasmonate-overproducing Arabidopsis thaliana plant (JMT plants) to that of vector controls in high and low soil nutrient environments. JMT plants constitutively express a suite of responses normally inducible by wounding or jasmonate. JMT plants showed a marked delay in flowering time, and were larger with more leaves at bolting than vector controls. These traits also responded more positively to increased nutrients in JMT plants than in vector controls. At the end of the season, total seed mass and seed number was lower in JMT plants than in vector controls overall, and these traits responded much less positively to nutrient addition in JMT plants than in vector controls. This study revealed delayed phenology as a novel cost of resistance in Arabidopsis and that overproduction of methyl jasmonate and associate responses can substantially constrain fitness responses to nutrients. These results establish a mechanism whereby costs of resistance can be more apparent under high resource conditions, rather than under low resource conditions, as is widely assumed.
Simultaneous measurement of two different-color ultrashort pulses on a single shot

We experimentally demonstrate the ability of double blind frequency-resolved optical gating to simultaneously measure two independent pulses at very different wavelengths on a single shot. Our device uses polarization-gate geometry, allowing pulses at any two wavelengths and unlimited operating bandwidth. The retrieval algorithm is robust and is capable of ignoring most forms of noise in the measured spectrograms.
O Ciborgue Zapatista: tecendo a poética virtual de resistência no Chiapas cibernético

A circulacao global, entre 1994 e 2001, do neo-zapatismo e do ativismo solidario nao-indigena como simbolos de resistencia no ciber-espaco sugere a necessidade de novas formas de leitura dos movimentos sociais na era digital. Uma leitura feminista do binarismo local/global do espaco discursivo em torno da rebeliao maia em Chiapas tanto afirma quanto contesta teorias predominantes pos-modernas sobre a relacao entre corpo humano e tecnologias ciberneticas. Esse espaco hibrido transgride e confirma fronteiras entre ator/atriz e audiencia, escritor/a e leitor/a, humano e maquina. A relacao entre o teatro da resistencia material na Zona de Conflito e o crescimento da resistencia virtual no Ciber-Chiapas ilustra a natureza ciborgue material/tecnologica da rebeliao de Chiapas.
The effect of carotid artery ligation on brain blood flow in newborn piglets

The common carotid artery is often ligated and used to introduce a left ventricular catheter to perform blood flow studies with radioactive-labeled microspheres. In order to determine whether this procedure alters brain blood flow, 6 newborn piglets were studied. Five measures of brain blood flow were performed in each study; once before and then 4 times (at 20 min intervals) after ligation of the left common carotid artery. Ventilation was controlled using nitrous oxide and oxygen while the hematocrit was kept stable by intermittent transfusions. Brain blood flow was found to remain constant over the duration of the study. No differences in blood flow were found between the right and left sides of the brain. The data indicate that use of a common carotid artery for purposes of left ventricular catheterization do not alter the blood flow to the brain when the microsphere method is used. This facilitates surgical preparation when small animals are used for studies of brain blood flow hemodynamics.
Heart failure in women

Women who experience heart failure (HF) exhibit distinct differences from men. Because women are a minority in major HF trials and because diagnostic criteria have been variable in epidemiologic surveys, many questions remain unanswered. This article describes differences in sex hormone effects and responses to injury, pressure overload, and aging, which may account for differences observed in epidemiology, risk factors and causes, mechanisms for disease development, response to treatment, and outcomes. Hypertension,diastolic dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, and inactivity are more important factors in women, whereas ischemic heart disease and systolic dysfunction are more important factors in men. Women appear to benefit less from established treatments but have better survival. Future studies directed exclusively at women may be warranted to confirm or establish benefits of existing and future treatments.
Calibrating the baryon oscillation ruler for matter and halos

We characterize the nonlinear evolution of the baryon acoustic feature as traced by the dark matter and halos, using a combination of perturbation theory and $N$-body simulations. We confirm that the acoustic peak traced by the dark matter is both broadened and shifted as structure forms, and that this shift is well described by second-order perturbation theory. These shifts persist for dark matter halos, and are a simple function of halo bias, with the shift (mostly) increasing with increasing bias. Extending our perturbation theory results to halos with simple two parameter bias models (both in Lagrangian and Eulerian space) quantitatively explains the observed shifts. In particular, we demonstrate that there are additional terms that contribute to the shift that are absent for the matter. At $z=0$ for currently favored cosmologies, the matter shows shifts of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5%$, $b=1$ halos shift the acoustic scale by $\ensuremath{\sim}0.2%$, while $b=2$ halos shift it by $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5%$; these shifts decrease by the square of the growth factor $D(z)$ at higher redshifts. These results are easily generalized to galaxies within the halo model, where we show that simple galaxy models show marginally larger shifts than the correspondingly biased halos, due to the contribution of satellites in high mass halos. While our focus here is on real space, our results make specific predictions for redshift space. For currently favored cosmological models, we find that the shifts for halos at $z=0$ increase by $\ensuremath{\sim}0.3%$; at high $z$, they increase by $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5%{D}^{2}$. Our results demonstrate that these theoretical systematics are smaller than the statistical precision of upcoming surveys, even if one ignored the corrections discussed here. Simple modeling, along the lines discussed here, has the potential to reduce these systematics to below the levels of cosmic variance limited surveys.
A study of odor stability of commercial stearic acid through isolation and identification of its volatile odoriferous compounds

Commercial stearic acid may have an iodine value of less than 0.5. However, it develops a characteristic objectionable odor quite rapidly, sometimes before a shipment has reached its destination. The present investigation is an identification of the volatile odoriferous compounds which are responsible for this undesirable odor. Volatile compounds were isolated from commercial stearic acid and separated into acidic and nonacidic compounds. The acidic fraction did not have the characteristic off-odor of the commercial stearic acid and was discarded. The nonacidic fraction was fractionated into pure compounds by repeated gas chromatography, which then were identified by a combination of gas chromatographic retention time and IR and mass spectrometry. A total of 52 compounds was identified positively. They contained a relatively large number of lactones, viz, 7 γ-lactones, 4 δ-lactones, and 2 γ-2-ene lactones. The other identified compounds were 11 saturated hydrocarbons, 7 saturated primary alcohols, 6 saturated methyl ketones, 10 saturated normal aldehydes, 4 saturated esters, and 1 diphenyl ether. In addition, 2 saturated aldehydes and 1 γ-3-ene lactone were identified tentatively. The odors of the saturated and unsaturated lactones were reminiscent of the objectionable odor characteristic of commercial stearic acid. Quantitative estimation indicated that commercial stearic acid contained: 0.47 ppm of 4-hydroxy-hexanoic acid, lactone; 0.06 ppm of 4-hydroxy-heptanoic acid, lactone; 0.31 ppm of 4-hydroxy-octanoic acid, lactone; 0.06 ppm of 4-hydroxy-nonanoic acid, lactone; and 0.53 ppm of 4-hydroxy-undecanoic acid, lactone.
Revisiting my personal decision about prostate-specific antigen testing in 2005

Editorial Comment: Not every physician supports prostate cancer screening. Barry, a widely published internist on the subject of prostate cancer, lays out his arguments regarding why he has decided not to be screened at age 52. Those urologists who are convinced that prostate cancer testing is clearly beneficial should read this article to gain an alternative perspective. Evidence based medicine suggests that the debate surrounding PSA testing is far from resolved. However, if there is a benefit, it will most likely accrue to a man around age 52.
Addressing Most of ABET Criterion 3 Issues First in an Early Design Class

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Criterion 3 requires that students attain an ability, knowledge and/or understanding in a variety of areas. Most engineering programs select the ABET Criterion 3 issues plus a few more as their Program Outcomes when defining their program, as have we. The faculty have identified at least three courses for each of our Program Outcomes in which to document assessment of student learning. The sophomore design class is responsible for assessing student learning related to seven of the eleven Criterion 3 issues plus the ME Program Criterion for designing and realizing a mechanical system. The paper will provide summaries of the assignments and examples of how the assessment is organized and conducted.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
CaV1.2 Calcium Channels: Just Cut Out to Be Regulated?

Tight regulation of calcium entry through the L-type calcium channel CaV1.2 ensures optimal excitation-response coupling. In this issue of Neuron, Michailidis et al. (2014) demonstrate that CaV1.2 activity triggers negative feedback regulation through proteolytic cleavage of the channel within the core of the pore-forming subunit.
Using Technological Attributes to Study Online Media: The Case of User-Generated Content

This study offers empirical evidence of Mix-of-Attributes (MOA) approach's analytical benefits, and illustrates how the MOA approach can be utilized. The study begins by content analyzing the most popular Web sites containing political user-generated content (UGC) and documenting presence of search efficiency, customizability, manipulability, participation cost reduction, and community orientation technological attributes. A cluster analysis is then used to develop classification of political UGC Web sites based on their attribute scores. The conventional and the attribute-based classifications of UGC are shown to be different, providing evidence of the MOA approach's usefulness. Theory-building implications of the attributes, the attribute-based classification, and the MOA approach are discussed.
The Plecoptera and Trichoptera of the Arctic North Slope of Alaska

ABSTRACT. The Arctic is currently experiencing changes in climate more rapid than in any other biome. This warming trend has resulted in significant abiotic changes to the seasonal patterns of freshwater ecosystems. Thorough inventories of freshwater insect communities are required to provide benchmarks for the detection of range shifts in response to a warming climate. Though statewide studies have been conducted for Trichoptera and Plecoptera, species accounts for these orders in Arctic Alaska have received relatively little attention. We surveyed Plecoptera and Trichoptera of Alaska's Arctic North Slope at a variety of habitat types over an 11-year period. We document new and historical collection records for 24 species of Plecoptera and 33 species of Trichoptera on Alaska's North Slope. Among these are 19 new North Slope records for Trichoptera (4 new state records) and 2 new North Slope records for Plecoptera. Our assessment of these taxa reveals communities of stoneflies and caddisflies that are dis...
Gene pathways associated with prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer

Breast cancer consists of multiple different molecular subtypes and different biological processes, and consequently different molecular markers are associated with prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity in the distinct disease subsets [1]. A large number of biological processes including cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, mitotic spindle checkpoint, and p53 function are strongly prognostic in ER+ cancers but not among ER- cancers [2,3]. Interestingly, the number of biological pathways, and therefore genes, that are associated with prognosis or treatment sensitivity are substantially larger and more consistent in ER+ cancers than among ER- tumors [1,4]. This implies that it is easier to discover prognostic and predictive markers for ER+ than for ER- cancers. In ER- cancers, the single most consistent, but still modestly accurate, good prognostic predictor is the presence of immune cell infiltration [5]. Immune cell signatures are also associated with more favorable prognosis in highly proliferative ER+ cancers but not in ER+ cancers with low proliferation [6]. It is also increasingly clear that the same molecular marker can be associated with several different outcome endpoints in various and often opposing manners. For example, high Ki67 expression is predictive of worse prognosis in the absence of any systemic therapy in ER+ cancers, but at the same time it is also predictive of higher sensitivity to chemotherapy. Similar opposing bidirectional associations with treatment response and prognosis exist for many other markers including histologic grade, Tau protein expression and almost all prognostic gene signatures [7]. It is important to be aware of these complex multi-directional interactions between molecular markers and various clinical endpoints that may also vary from breast cancer subtype to subtype. Ignoring these potential marker-disease subset-outcome interactions can lead to contradictory and confusing results across studies (due to differences in patient composition and heterogeneity of therapy between studies) and may also lead to the discovery of biomarkers that are clinically less useful (because of unrecognized subtype-restricted performance) [8,9].
Hypoxia alters cell cycle regulatory protein expression and induces premature maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Background Periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) is a common form of brain injury sustained by preterm infants. A major factor that predisposes to PWMI is hypoxia. Because oligodendrocytes (OLs) are responsible for myelination of axons, abnormal OL development or function may affect brain myelination. At present our understanding of the influences of hypoxia on OL development is limited. To examine isolated effects of hypoxia on OLs, we examined the influences of hypoxia on OL development in vitro. Methodology/findings Cultures of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were prepared from mixed glial cultures and were 99% pure. OPCs were maintained at 21% O(2) or hypoxia (1% or 4% O(2)) for up to 7 days. We observed that 1% O(2) lead to an increase in the proportion of myelin basic protein (MBP)-positive OLs after 1 week in culture, and a decrease in the proportion of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha)-positive cells suggesting premature OL maturation. Increased expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins p27(Kip1) and phospho-cdc2, which play a role in OL differentiation, was seen as well. Conclusions These results show that hypoxia interferes with the normal process of OL differentiation by inducing premature OPC maturation.
From sequential programs to concurrent threads

Chip multiprocessors are of increasing importance due to difficulties in achieving higher clock frequencies in uniprocessors, but their success depends on finding useful work for the processor cores. This paper addresses this challenge by presenting a simple compiler approach that extracts non-speculative thread-level parallelism from sequential codes. We present initial results from this technique targeting a validated dual-core processor model, achieving speedups ranging from 9-48% with an average of 25% for important benchmark loops over their single-threaded versions. We also identify important next steps found during our pursuit of higher degrees of automatic threading
Specific progesterone receptors in human breast cancer

Abstract We have identified a specific progesterone receptor in 11 of 33 human breast cancer cytosols. Since progesterone itself binds to glucocorticoid receptor, to corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG), and to nonspecific components as well as to its own receptor, we have used a synthetic progestin, R5020 (17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3, 20-dione), whose binding specificity is restricted to progesterone receptor. Bound R5020 sediments at 8 S in sucrose gradients; binding is competed by excess unlabeled R5020 or progesterone. The receptor is distinct from glucocorticoid receptor and CBG as determined by competition studies using dexamethasone and hydrocortisone. The dissociation constant for R5020 obtained by Scatchard analysis of dextrancoated charcoal assays is approximately 2 × 10 −9 M.
Extending DRAM model : Theory-practice nexus

The DRAM and EMPAL models of household and employment location and land use, respectively, have seen numerous applications by regional planning agencies and metropolitan planning organizations. One reason for this is that compared with other location and land use models, they are relatively easy to use. The theoretical structure of these models is that of aggregate multinomial logit. They are representations of choice probability means for household types and employment types, with their structures being derived from location surplus formulations. In operation the parameters of these models' equations can most easily be estimated by use of a nonlinear programming formulation rather than by logit regression. Use of this technique allows a great simplification in the data requirements for calibration. In addition, this technique permits testing of alternative or auxiliary (to the standard model structures) variables in the model attractiveness formulations. The development of the models' equation structures is described first. The problems and techniques of calibration-estimation of the equations' parameters are then described. Finally, several experiments in model augmentation undertaken by agency staff as a part of ongoing model implementation efforts are described. These experiments demonstrate the flexibility of the structure for both application and experiment.
Because We Don't Take Better Care of Ourselves: Rural Black Women's Explanatory Models of Heart Disease

Introduction: Among women aged 45–54, Black women are 2.5 to 3 times more likely than White women to die from coronary heart disease (CHD) and less likely to exercise. This study explored Black women's beliefs about the causes and risks of heart disease. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 20 Black women aged 40–58 years with at least one risk factor for CHD. Results: Participants identified 11 causes of heart disease within three factors: Lifestyle, Physiologic Causes, and Going to Get It. Discussion/Conclusion: The findings provide a focus for educational interventions to decrease risk for CHD in this population.
Editorial Focus: Using phenotypic plasticity: focus on "Identification of renal transporters involved in sulfate excretion in marine teleost fish".

for osmoregulating vertebrates, diffusive water loss is an unavoidable consequence of living in seawater. Marine teleost fish drink seawater to offset this diffusive water loss dictated by the steep osmotic gradient between blood and the surrounding seawater, a water loss occurring mainly across the