cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3322: GW4716 selectively targets multiple p53 mutant cancer models.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The TP53 gene is the most commonly mutated gene in all cancers, with over 50% of human cancers harboring an inactivating mutation. Most frequently when p53 is mutated, the mutation occurs as a single nucleotide substitution within the DNA-binding domain. The selective advantage for retaining mutant p53 varies between cancer cells. Mutant p53 can have both gain-of-function and loss-of-function properties. Given the high frequency of p53 mutations in human cancers, understanding mutant p53 function and identifying novel therapies is a clinically relevant and important area of research. We have identified a novel pharmacological approach that selectively targets p53 mutant cancer cells across multiple cancer models using the acyl hydrazone GW4716. We have found cancer cells harboring a mutation in p53, treated with GW4716 for 24h, exhibit significantly greater cell death measured by DNA fragmentation (subG1) than p53 wild-type cells in both breast cancer and glioblastoma models. In contrast, GW4716 has little/no effect on normal (non-transformed) cells Furthermore, the mode of cell death induced by GW4716 differs between p53 wild-type and mutant cells. p53 mutants undergo a G2/M arrest, exhibit characteristics of mitotic catastrophe and ultimately apoptose in response to GW4716. MAPK signaling proteins (p38 and MK2) involved in G2/M checkpoint control, progression through mitosis, and cell death are induced by GW4716 treatment in p53 mutant cells. In contrast, p53 wild-type cells exhibit an induction of cell cycle regulatory proteins (p53 and p21) and the p53-specific autophagy marker DRAM, with a concomitant inhibition of p62 (SQSTM1). This leads us to hypothesize that the cytotoxic effects of GW4716 treatment occur in a p53-dependent manner, and the mode of cell death caused by GW4716 differs depending on p53 status. We hypothesize the loss of functional p53 leads to aberrant mitosis and ultimately apoptosis. We also hypothesize that p53 wild-type cells, which are less sensitive to GW4716, undergo autophagy. With the increasing emphasis on personalized medicine, these data suggest a clinically relevant role for GW4716 in the treatment of multiple p53 mutant cancers. Citation Format: Mary Heckler, Christopher Albanese, Rebecca Riggins. GW4716 selectively targets multiple p53 mutant cancer models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3322. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3322 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Comparing Children with and without Dyslexia on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Test of Gross Motor Development

Dyslexia is the most commonly occurring learning disability in the United States, characterized by difficulties with word recognition, spelling, and decoding. A growing body of literature suggests that deficits in motor skill performance exist in the dyslexic population. This study compared the performance of children with and without dyslexia on different subtests of the Test of Gross Motor Development and Movement Assessment Battery for Children and assessed whether there were developmental changes in the scores of the dyslexic group. Participants included 26 dyslexic children (19 boys and 7 girls; 9.5 yr. old, SD = 1.7) and 23 age- and sex-matched typically developing (17 boys and 6 girls; 9.9 yr. old, SD = 1.3) children as a control group. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the dyslexic group performed significantly lower than the control group only on the Total Balance subtest of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. Additionally, the young dyslexic group performed significantly better on the Total Balance subtest, compared to the older dyslexic group. These results suggest that cerebellar dysfunction may account for differences in performance.
Micro-Scale Surface Texture Design for Improved Scuffing Resistance in Gear Applications

The reliability and durability of gear components are critical issues especially in advanced power transmissions subject to increased power density and extreme operating conditions. In general the three main tribological failure modes present in gear tooth contact are: wear, contact fatigue/pitting, and scuffing. The present work investigates the influence of surface texturing in the form of micro-scale dimples as a method to enhance scuff resistance. Flat H13 steel samples were micro-dimpled using a laser surface texturing process. For scuffing and wear evaluation the flats were tested in point contact under lubricated linear reciprocating sliding. A threefold increase in scuffing resistance was observed for textured surfaces over comparable non-textured flats, however, for prolonged operation at high loads an increase wear rate of the counterface is observed. For gear application the design and location of surface texture requires careful consideration to balance scuffing resistance with potential influence to increased wear and fatigue pitting.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Enhanced oral activity responses to intrastriatal SKF 38393 and m-CPP are attenuated by intrastriatal mianserin in neonatal 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.

Enhanced oral activity is induced in neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) lesioned rats by systemic administration of the dopamine (DA) D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 and serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2A,2C agonistm-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP). The DA D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 effectively attenuates the effect of SKF 38393 but notm-CPP. The 5-HT2antagonist mianserin attenuates the effects of bothm-CPP and SKF 38393, suggesting that DA agonist effects are mediated by 5-HT neurochemical systems. To test whether DA and 5-HT agonist effects and interactions might occur within the neostriatum, rats were implanted with permanent injection cannulae, with tips in the ventral striatum. One group of rats was lesioned at 3 days after birth with 6-OHDA HBr (100 µg salt form, in each lateral ventricle; desipramine HCl pretreatment, 20 mg/kg IP, base form, 1 h), while controls received the vehicle in place of 6-OHDA. Cannulae were implanted when rats weighed 200–250 g. During a 1-h observation session SKF 38393 (5 nmol per side) produced 74.3±19.2 oral movements in intact rats and 310.7±97.0 oral movements in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.m-CPP (10 nmol per side) produced 72.6±15.1 and 274.5±65.0 oral movements in these respective groups. These responses were several-fold greater than the 25.3±7.3 and 41.8±9.5 oral movements in the same groups after saline (0.5 µl per side) (P<0.05). Mianserin (6 nmol per side) alone had no effect on oral activity but attenuated responses to both SKF 38393 andm-CPP in intact and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. These findings demonstrate that enhanced oral activity responses are produced by intrastriatal SKF 38393 andm-CPP in neonatal 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Also, when the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist mianserin was administered intrastriatally, induction of oral activity by the DA D1 agonist SKF 38393 was attenuated. These findings indicate that ventral striatum represents at least one brain focus at which DA and 5-HT systems interact to modulate oral activity in rats.
Survival and growth of food poisoning bacteria following inoculation into cottage cheese varieties

Following inoculation into cottage cheese varieties with and without sorbic acid, obtained directly from the manufacturer, strains of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and other E. coli survived but failed to multiply during storage at 7, 10 or 25 degrees C. In the absence of sorbic acid spoilage due to Pseudomonas fluorescens occurred after storage for 5-13 days at 7 or 10 degrees C and 1-2 days at 25 degrees C. Salmonella enteritidis, S. hadar, S. saint-paul, S. typhimurium and S. virchow survived but failed to multiply at 10 degrees C and, in the case of most strains, at 20 or 25 degrees C. S. typhimurium multiplied 100-fold in one batch of cottage cheese with peppers and onion in the absence of sorbic acid during storage at 25 degrees C for 2 days; spoilage of this batch occurred due to yeasts or yeasts and moulds after storage for 4-8 days at 10 degrees C and 0-2 days at 20 or 25 degrees C. Following inoculation into cottage cheese varieties, prepared in the laboratory and which did not contain sorbic acid, as contaminants of the added protein or vegetable ingredients the numbers of Staphylococcus aureus declined during storage at 10 and 20 degrees C, the numbers of Bacillus cereus and S. typhimurium increased at both temperatures, and the numbers of Yersinia enterocolitica increased at 10 degrees C, but declined at 20 degrees C. Spoilage occurred due to the growth of moulds and P. fluorescens after storage for 5-14 days at 10 degrees C, and due to P. fluorescens after storage for up to 2 days at 20 degrees C. In products inoculated in a similar way but which contained sorbic acid (500-530 mg/kg), the numbers of S. aureus and B. cereus declined and in most products the numbers of S. typhimurium and Y. enterocolitica remained constant. In cottage cheese with chicken, however, the numbers of Y. enterocolitica increased 100-fold during storage of the product for 14 days at 10 degrees and the numbers of S. typhimurium increased 100-fold during storage for 2 days at 20 degrees C. Spoilage of this product due to P. fluorescens occurred after storage for 8-14 days at 10 degrees C, but was not evident at 20 degrees C after 2 days.
Why maps improve memory for text: The influence of structural information on working memory operations

Abstract In order to test how associated verbal and spatial stimuli are processed in memory, undergraduates studied a reference map as either an intact unit or as a series of individual features, and read a text containing facts related to map features. In addition, the map was presented either before or after reading the text. Seeing the intact map prior to the text led to better recall of both map information and facts from the text. These results support a dual coding model, where stimuli such as maps possess a retrieval advantage because they allow simultaneous representation in working memory. This advantage occurs because information from the map can be used to cue retrieval of associated verbal facts, without exceeding the processing constraints of the memorial system.
Focal stimulation of human peripheral nerve with the magnetic coil: a comparison with electrical stimulation.

Abstract The hypothenar compound motor action potential (CMAP) response to ulnar nerve stimulation at the elbow was used as a test system in the human to compare excitations by a round magnetic coil (MC), 92 mm in outer diameter, and by electrical bipolar or tripolar stimulation. Optimal focality of excitation was obtained with the MC at 90° to the extended arm and its plane parallel to the arm, i.e., an orthogonal-longitudinal orientation. Tangential orientation of the MC on the arm, i.e., laying it flat on the arm, powerfully excited additional structures. As expected from classical axonology, orthogonal-transverse orientations were the least effective. With orthogonal-longitudinal orientation and submaximal stimulation, the spread of excitation lateral to the median nerve at the wrist was of the order of 10–15 mm, the thickness of the MC being 12 mm. With the same orientation, the site of origin of the distally propagating impulse was estimated by comparing CMAP latencies to bipolar electrical (with cathode distal) and MC stimulation. Tripolar stimulation (with cathode intermediate) had no advantage over bipolar stimulation. The impulse originated 13–22 mm from the midpoint of the contacting edge. Rotating the MC through 180° and thus reversing the field polarity did not significantly change the CMAP latency, indicating that the effective cathode and anode lay within a few mm of each other. Stimulating with a tilted MC resulted in a maximum CMAP when the orthogonal-longitudinal orientation failed to do so. A simple volume conductor model yielded a potential gradient of the right order of magnitude (35 mV/mm) when the MC stimulator output was 25% of maximum, i.e., a little above threshold for exciting ulnar motor axons.
Reliable Design Optimization Under Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties

In the engineering design community, decision making methodologies to select the “best” design from among feasible designs is one of the most critical part of the design process. As the design models become increasingly realistic, the decision making methodology becomes increasingly complex. That is, because of the realistic design models, more and more decisions are made under uncertain environments without making any unrealistic assumptions. A decision maker is usually forced to work with uncertainties of which some stochastic information is known (aleatory) or no information is known (epistemic). In this paper, we discuss both forms of uncertainties and their modeling methodologies. We also define risk as a random function of these uncertainties and propose a risk quantification technique. Existing methods to handle aleatory uncertainties are discussed and an alternative search based decision making methodology is proposed to handle epistemic uncertainties. We illustrate our decision making methodology using the side-impact crashworthiness problem presented by Gu, et.al. [1]. In addition to the aleatory uncertainties considered by these researchers, we model a couple of non-design variables as epistemic uncertainties in our decision problem. Lack of information of these epistemic uncertainties increases the complexity of the side-impact crashworthiness problem significantly. However, the proposed methodology helps to identify a robust design with respect to epistemic uncertainty.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A simple method of estimating rock mass porosity and permeability

A simple method of estimating fracture porosity and permeability based on empirical relations between fracture aperture andJRC andJCS can be developed. This shows very close correlation with existing data, using simple discontinuity models. There is quite a good correlation between fracture porosity and permeability and depth for larger initial apertures.
Genetic control of mitosis, meiosis and cellular differentiation during mammalian spermatogenesis

Gametogenesis in both the male and female mammal represents a specialized and highly regulated series of cell cycle events, involving both mitosis and meiosis as well as subsequent differentiation. Recent advances in our understanding of the genetic control of the eukaryotic cell cycle have underscored the evolutionarily-conserved nature of these regulatory processes. However, most of the data have been obtained from yeast model systems and mammalian cell lines. Furthermore, most of the observations focus on regulation of mitotic cell cycles. In the present paper: (i) aspects of gametogenesis in mammals that represent unique cell-cycle control points are highlighted; (ii) current knowledge on the regulation of the germ cell cycle, in the context of what is known in yeast and other model eukaryotic systems, is summarized; and (iii) strategies that can be used to identify additional cell cycle regulating genes are outlined.
Evidence for Very Tight Sequestration of BTEX Compounds in Manufactured Gas Plant Soils Based on Selective Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Soil/Water Partitioning

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes (BTEX), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted from eight manufactured gas plant (MGP) soils from sites that had been abandoned for several decades. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure carbon dioxide demonstrated the presence of BTEX compounds that were highly sequestered in both coal gas and oil gas MGP soils and soots. Benzene was generally the slowest compound to extract from all samples and was even more difficult to extract than most two- to five-ring PAHs found on the same samples. Since the solubility of benzene in carbon dioxide is 2−5 orders of magnitude higher than the solubilities of PAHs, these results demonstrate that benzene was more tightly sequestered than toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, or the multi-ring PAHs. Additional evidence for very tight binding was based on the fact that BTEX concentrations determined using either SFE or with methylene chloride sonication were much higher than those obtained by th...
Vibrational Circular Dichroism of Matrix-Assisted Amino Acid Films in the Mid-Infrared Region

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra in the mid-infrared region of amino acid films are reported here for the first time. Amino acid films are formed from aqueous solutions with α-cyclodextrin (CD) serving as the matrix to facilitate the film formation. This film method eliminates the strong interfering water absorption seen in the solution study and makes it easier to measure the VCD in the 1800–1200 cm−1 region. VCD spectra for films of six amino acids, L-alanine, L-proline, L-methionine, Lhistidine, L-phenylalanine, and L-tryptophan, are obtained. For amino acids with low solubility (L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan), VCD could not be measured in solution, so the film method is the only means of obtaining the VCD spectra for such amino acids. For amino acids with moderate solubility (L-alanine, L-proline, L-methionine, and L-histidine), VCD spectra are also obtained in the solution state and compared with their corresponding spectra in the film state. A good correlation is found between the film and solution spectra for both absorption and VCD. The VCD spectra of L-methionine, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, and Ltryptophan are reported here in the mid-infrared region for the first time. The present study broadens the application range of the VCD technique and enhances its role in the detection and analysis of biologically important compounds.
Dynamics of the Northern Tsuchiya Jet

Abstract The Tsuchiya jets (TJs) are narrow eastward currents located along thermal fronts at the poleward edges of thermostad water in the Pacific Ocean. In this study, an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) is used to explore the dynamics of the northern TJ. Solutions are found in a rectangular basin, extending 100° zonally and from 40°S to 40°N. They are forced by three idealized forcings: several patches of idealized wind fields, including one that simulates the strong Ekman pumping region in the vicinity of the Costa Rica Dome (CRD); surface heating that warms the ocean in the tropics; and a prescribed interocean circulation (IOC) that enters the basin through the southern boundary and exits through the western boundary from 2° to 6°N (the model’s Indonesian passages). Solutions forced by all the aforementioned processes and with minimal diffusion resemble the observed flow field in the tropical North Pacific. A narrow eastward current, the model’s northern TJ, flows across the basin along the n...
Stealth assessment of hardware Trojans in a microcontroller

Many experimental hardware Trojans from the literature explore the potential threat vectors, but do not address the stealthiness of the malicious hardware. If a Trojan requires a large amount of area or power, then it can be easier to detect. Instead, a more focused attack can potentially avoid detection. This paper explores the cost in both area and power consumption of several small, focused attacks on an Intel 8051 microcontroller implemented with a standard cell library. The resulting cost in total area varied from a 0.4% increase in the design, down to a 0.150% increase in the design. Dynamic and leakage power showed similar results.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Paradox: Results Without Rewards

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) arose, in part, out of a need to rebalance the triadic mission of large academic institutions that have traditionally emphasized research over teaching and service. But how do you encourage SoTL when the faculty reward structure is weighted toward traditional research? Therein lies the SoTL paradox. The authors describe a program developed at the University of Minnesota to engage faculty in SoTL projects by relying on the nonmonetary rewards of scholarship, trust, and cross-disciplinary community.
A note on the fundamental maximum gain limit of the projection method for conformal phased array antennas

New expressions for comparing the maximum gain of a phase-compensated conformal antenna have been analytically derived and validated to measurements. In particular, the newly derived analytical expressions were validated with a conformal phased-array antenna prototype attached to a wedge- and inverted-wedged shaped surface. Phase-compensation techniques based on the projection method were used to correct the radiation pattern. These expressions can be used by a designer to predict the maximum theoretical gain of a phase-compensated conformal antenna on a surface that changes shape with time.
The estimation of concurrent multiple paternity probabilities in natural populations

Abstract A new method is developed for the estimation of the amount of concurrent multiple paternity in natural populations based on progeny array data. This method is particularly useful in organisms scored at loci with low allelic diversity. This method can also be used to combine information from several independent loci to obtain an overall concurrent multiple paternity estimate. Examples of the use of this method are presented for mallard, Drosophila, and milkweed data sets.
Quantitative Analysis in the Study of American Religious History

Quantitative analysis as a tool for historical research has become widespread in the last decade and now must be reckoned with as a permanent part of the profession or at least as long as there is a power supply for the computers. Quantitative studies are appearing in increasing numbers, and historians using mathematical computations and statistics have developed all the trappings of professionalism that traditionally would have earned them recognition as a separate discipline.' The development and maturation of the study of American religious history could be greatly enhanced by a greater utilization of quantitative analysis. Twenty years ago Sidney E. Mead announced his departure from the methodology of William Warren Sweet. Mead was essentially concerned that "American Church history," as he labeled it, be guided by "some interpretative thesis." This he believed more desirable than Sweet's narrative or "story" with an interpretation superimposed. Mead was concerned with what he conceived to be the unmanageable magnitude of data. He himself developed a methodology which utilized a minimum quantity of data but pursued interpretative themes vigorously.2 Mead has certainly made a significant contribution to the profession by helping us focus attention on conceptualization and interpretation. But when widely applied, his method is fraught with some difficulties. That which could produce extremely penetrating analyses when utilized by a careful and sensitive scholar also encourages facile retellings, uncreative borrowings and mixings, and, on occasion, even the recycling of ancient prejudices. In my judgment, too many
Hydrogen and deuterium decoration of a vacancy complex in Ni.

Using perturbed angular correlations, we observed decoration of a well-known $^{111}\mathrm{In}$-vacancy complex in Ni with diffusing H or D atoms. Both partially decorated and saturated configurations are distinguished from the undecorated complex. The saturated configuration is believed to have one hydrogen atom bound in each cavity of vacancy size. Analysis of hydrogen detrapping above 300 K leads to a binding enthalpy \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 eV, independent of isotopic mass.
A comparative study of heuristic algorithms on Economic Lot Scheduling Problem

The Economic Lot Scheduling Problem (ELSP) has been well-researched for more than 40 years. As the ELSP has been generally seen as NP-hard, researchers have focused on the development of efficient heuristic approaches. In this paper, we consider the time-varying lot size approach to solve the ELSP. A computational study of the existing solution algorithms, Dobson's heuristic, Hybrid Genetic algorithm, Neighborhood Search heuristics, Tabu Search and the newly proposed Simulated Annealing algorithm are presented. The reviewed methods are first tested on two well-known problems, those of Bomberger's [Bomberger, E. E. (1966). A dynamic programming approach to a lot size scheduling problem. Management Science 12, 778-784] and Mallya's [Mallya, R (1992). Multi-product scheduling on a single machine: A case study. OMEGA: International Journal of Management Science 20, 529-534] problems. We show the Simulated Annealing algorithm finds the best known solution to these problems. A similar comparison study is performed on various problem sets previously suggested in the literature. The results show that the Simulated Annealing algorithm outperforms Dobson's heuristic, Hybrid Genetic algorithm and Neighborhood search heuristics on these problem sets. The Simulated Annealing algorithm also shows faster convergence than the best known Tabu Search algorithm, yet results in solutions of a similar quality. Finally, we report the results of the design of experiment study which compares the robustness of the mentioned meta-heuristic techniques.
Desensitisation of peripheral photoreceptors shown by blue-induced decrease in transmittance of Drosophila rhabdomeres

Desensitisation of peripheral photoreceptors shown by blue-induced decrease in transmittance of Drosophila rhabdomeres
“I Put the Tale Back Where I Found It”: Feeling the Past Through “the Warmth of the Human Voice”

In this article, 1 I examine my revelations and growth related to folk culture and literature connected to the African American community. I borrow from and play on the Sudanese formulaic ending for the folktale; it seemed to me appropriate—even obligatory—that “I put the tale back where I found it.” This maxim is symbolic, reflecting what I find one of the most characteristic elements of Black folklore—that is, the focus on the group, the community, in terms of the source of the historical situation of the tale; the moral lesson; the content, style, and delivery; and the tale's approval and maintenance. In the Black community, an item of folklore will not be admitted or even listened to if it does not reveal the unique characteristics of African materials that some may call soul, others spirit, still others style, sometimes even rhythm. Through examples, I explore these characteristics of story, which extend beyond traditional tales to contemporary media, including television and music.
Regulation of c-Fos mRNA and fos protein expression in olfactory bulbs from unilaterally odor-deprived adult mice

Odorant deprivation, produced by unilateral naris closure, profoundly reduces tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression within intrinsic olfactory bulb dopamine neurons. The TH gene contains an AP-1 site, which interacts with the product of the immediate early gene, c-fos. c-Fos exhibits activity dependent regulation in the CNS. The hypothesis that odorant stimulation and deprivation might modify c-fos expression in TH neurons was tested in adult CD-1 mice, subjected to unilateral naris closure. After 2 months, naris closed and control mice were exposed to either clean air for 60 min or clean air for 60 min followed by 30 min of alternating exposure to 10% isoamyl acetate (1 min) and air (4 min). A parallel reduction occurred in TH and fos expression (both c-fos mRNA and fos-like immunoreactivity) in the glomerular layer of the odorant-deprived olfactory bulb. Odor stimulation induced a short-lived increase in c-fos mRNA and fos-like immunoreactivity in olfactory bulbs contralateral to naris closure. The increase in fos expression was region-specific in the glomerular layer but more diffuse in mitral and granule cell layers. In olfactory bulbs ipsilateral to naris closure, odor stimulation also induced c-fos mRNA expression in the mitral and granule cell layers and sparsely within limited periglomerular regions. Odor induced expression in mitral and granule cell layers may represent increased centrifugal activity acting on as yet unknown genes. These results suggest a correlation between c-fos mRNA expression and increased neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb which, in turn, acts to regulate TH expression in periglomerular neurons.
Preparation of Space for Posting: Effect on Thickness of Canal Walls and Incidence of Perforation in Molars

Perforations and stripping of root structures can occur during cavity preparation for posts. This study attempts to discover the causes and solutions for such errors and accidents.
Transcriptional changes associated with recovery from heart failure in the SHR.

Abstract To identify biological pathways associated with myocardial recovery from heart failure (HF), gene profiling and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were examined in left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats with HF (SHR-F) with no treatment, following treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, and treatment with captopril combined with the short chain fatty acid derivative phenylbutyrate. Failing hearts demonstrated depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, while ventricular volume and mass increased. Captopril treatment alone prevented further deterioration but did not improve myocardial function; relatively few transcripts were differentially expressed relative to untreated SHR-F. Gene sets identified by GSEA as downregulated with captopril treatment compared to SHR-F group included those related to hypoxia and reactive oxygen species, while upregulated gene sets included G protein signaling. Treatment with phenylbutyrate alone did not improve survival (no animals in this group survived the 30 day treatment period), while phenylbutyrate combined with captopril increased survival and significantly improved cardiac function in vivo and in vitro . Normalized microarray data identified 780 genes that demonstrated a combined treatment effect of which 258 genes were modified with HF. Fatty acid metabolism and ion transport were among the most significantly upregulated pathways in the combined treatment group compared to untreated SHR with HF, whereas those related to oxidative stress, growth, inflammation, protein degradation, and TGF-β signaling were downregulated. These findings demonstrate improved myocardial function and regression of cardiac hypertrophy, and identify many HF related gene sets altered with phenylbutyrate and captopril treatment, but not captopril alone. These results characterize gene sets associated with recovery from HF, and suggest that phenylbutyrate may be a potentially effective adjunctive treatment, together with captopril, by synergistically modulating pathways that contribute to restoration of contractile function of the failing SHR heart.
Characterization of Two New Aminopeptidases in Escherichia coli

Two genes in the Escherichia coli genome, ypdE and ypdF, have been cloned and expressed, and their products have been purified. YpdF is shown to be a metalloenzyme with Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase activity and limited methionine aminopeptidase activity. Genes homologous to ypdF are widely distributed in bacterial species. The unique feature in the sequences of the products of these genes is a conserved C-terminal domain and a variable N-terminal domain. Full or partial deletion of the N terminus in YpdF leads to the loss of enzymatic activity. The conserved C-terminal domain is homologous to that of the methionyl aminopeptidase (encoded by map) in E. coli. However, YpdF and Map differ in their preference for the amino acid next to the initial methionine in the peptide substrates. The implication of this difference is discussed. ypdE is the immediate downstream gene of ypdF, and its start codon overlaps with the stop codon of ypdF by 1 base. YpdE is shown to be a metalloaminopeptidase and has a broad exoaminopeptidase activity.
Hub arc selection for freight consolidation

This research is designed for manufacturing companies with sparse transportation networks to evaluate the strategic possibility of private shipment consolidation, to screen a network for opportunities to implement consolidation policies, and to optimizes the network design to maximize the amount of transportation cost savings. The proposed mathematical models and solution methodologies determine the most advantageous set of hub-to-hub routes for the consolidation and transportation of less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments. A non-linear binary integer model is developed and a specialized methodology, which solves the problem through feasibility test and sub-model optimization, is proposed. Numerical results based actual data from the domestic LTL network of a large U.S. manufacturer show that up to 20% transportation cost saving is possible for certain hub-to-hub routes.
Electrochromics and potential automotive applications

Electrochromics are reviewed in this paper. Known and new electrochromic materials are summarized and properties of electrochromic device elements and classical and new type of electrochromic devices are given herein. Requirements of the electrochromic glasses are studied depending on the application area, and processmateria1-requireinent relationships are examined. Potential car applications and futuristic cars with electrochromics are also reviewed.
Preparative Electrophoresis of Isotopically Labeled L-Cell Interferons

The preparative method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was adapted for purification and characterization of isotopically labeled L-cell interferons. Re-covery of interferon activity was quantitative, and purification and resolution were comparable to those obtained by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ultimate specific activities attainable ranged from 2 × 106 to 3 × 106 international units per mg of protein.
Experiment substituting in-class discussions with Email discussions

This paper describes the results of a one year experiment in which class discussions were held online, by exchanging electronic mail messages. This experiment was conducted for the computer ethics portion of a two semester software engineering course. The experiment was motivated by the question of whether class discussion could be effectively moved to an online format and how the dynamics would change with such a move. It was hoped that the online format could alleviate some of the problems of open-ended in-class discussions, such as domination by a few members and too many silent class members. It was found that there are several advantages to online discussions, making email a useful tool for enhancing class material. Furthermore, the experiment indicated that in-class discussions can be moved to the online format for small classes (ten students or less) of motivated students. The evidence did not support moving large classes to the online format. It also did not support moving classes of any size to the online format if the students are not motivated. In-class discussions provide more opportunities for facilitators to engage students than online discussions do. In conclusion, the online format requires greater instruction time and increased ingenuity in motivating students. While no inherent obstacle requires discussions to be in-class, limited resources make the online format impractical for most discussion situations.
Almost disturbance decoupling for a class of high-order nonlinear systems

The problem of almost disturbance decoupling with internal stability (ADD) is formulated, in terms of an L/sub 2/-L/sub 2p/ (instead of an L/sub 2/) gain, for a class of high-order nonlinear systems which consist of a chain of power integrators perturbed by a lower-triangular vector field. A significant feature of the systems considered in the paper is that they are neither feedback linearizable nor affine in the control input, which have been two basic assumptions made in all the existing ADD nonlinear control schemes. Using the technique of adding a power integrator, we solve the ADD problem via static smooth state feedback, under a set of growth conditions that can be viewed as a high-order version of the feedback linearization conditions. We also show how to explicitly construct a smooth state feedback controller that attenuates the disturbance's effect on the output to an arbitrary degree of accuracy, with internal stability.
Gastric myoelectric activity in patients with end-stage liver disease.

Background: Abnormalities of gastrointestinal motility and transit time have been reported in association with end-stage liver disease. Motility abnormalities could be routinely studied if a simple noninvasive test were available. The electrogastrogram is a cutaneous measure of gastric myoelectric activity and correlates well with serosal recordings of gastric myoelectric activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate gastric myoelectric activity in patients with end-stage liver disease. Methods: Fourteen patients with end-stage liver disease had gastric myoelectric activity measured with the electrogastrogram. An electrogastrogram was considered abnormal when normal gastric slow waves were seen less than 70% of the time or there was no increase in the electrogastrogram amplitude after a meal. Results: Abnormal electrogastrograms were present in 8 of 14 (57%) end-stage liver disease patients. Conclusions: Abnormal gastric myoelectric activity is common in end-stage liver disease.
Measure for measure: Abell's narrative methods

This paper considers Abell's methods for analysis of narratives. I first consider the difference between the question of sequence pattern and the question of sequence generation, examining in paticular Abell's use of rational choice theory. I then consider some minor issues related to the choice of tolerances as foundations for homomorphisms among sequences. Finally, I analyze Abell's use of homomorphisms and propose replacing homomorphic reduaion of sequences with Levenshtein metrics defined on elementary operations like those Abell uses. This strategy could allow a more complete and parsimonious categorization than does Abell's present strategy.
The RayMatic: a thermostat with a human face

This paper presents the concept and the design of an ambient display with an anthropomorphic interface to communicate environmental data. Numeric display and control, as in a thermostat, is replaced by a digital interactive portrait with the aim of making interaction engaging and undemanding.
Phylogenetic analysis of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase loci in wheat and other grasses

We have applied a two-gene system based on the sequences of nuclear genes encoding multi-domain plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and plastid 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) to study grass evolution. Our analysis revealed that these genes are single-copy in most of the grass species studied, allowing the establishment of orthologous relationships between them. These relationships are consistent with the known facts of their evolution: the eukaryotic origin of the plastid ACCase, created by duplication of a gene encoding the cytosolic multi-domain ACCase gene early in grass evolution, and the prokaryotic (endosymbiont) origin of the plastid PGK. The major phylogenetic relationships among grasses deduced from the nucleotide sequence comparisons of ACCase and PGK genes are consistent with each other and with the milestones of grass evolution revealed by other methods. Nucleotide substitution rates were calculated based on multiple pairwise sequence comparisons. On a relative basis, with the divergence of the Pooideae and Panicoideae subfamilies set at 60 million years ago (MYA), events leading to the Triticum/Aegilops complex occurred at the following intervals: divergence of Lolium (Lolium rigidum) at 35 MYA, divergence of Hordeum (Hordeum vulgare) at 11 MYA and divergence of Secale (Secale cereale) at 7 MYA. On the same scale, gene duplication leading to the multi-domain plastid ACCase in grasses occurred at 129 MYA, divergence of grass and dicot plastid PGK genes at 137 MYA, and divergence of grass and dicot cytosolic PGK genes at 155 MYA. The ACCase and PGK genes provide a well-understood two-locus system to study grass phylogeny, evolution and systematics.
The relationship of carbon dioxide excretion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation to regional blood flow and survival.

Currently, there are no practical means of prospectively determining cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) adequacy in the field. Airway CO2 excretion can be noninvasively and stably measured under changing environmental conditions. We investigated the relationships between the volume of airway CO2 excreted (CO2EX) during CPR to regional blood flow (RBF) and survival. A total of 21 dogs were randomly divided into four CO2EX groups ( 6-7 and > 7 ml CO2/min per kg), anesthetized, instrumented and ventilated with an in-line infrared airway CO2 sensor. Anesthesia was reduced and baseline measurements made. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was initiated and resuscitation withheld for 3 min, followed by 17 min of CPR. Compression force alone was adjusted to maintain predetermined CO2EX. Animals were resuscitated, monitored for 2 h and observed for an additional 22 h. RBF was determined at baseline, 16 min post-VF and 60 min post-resuscitation. Mean CO2EX during CPR was significantly higher in survivors than nonsurvivors. The probability of survival increased as CO2EX increased. The highest CO2EX group had the highest rate of survival (86%), but did not always have significantly higher cardiac output (CO), myocardial or cerebral blood flows (MBF, CBF) than the lowest CO2EX group with a 0% survival rate. These data suggest survival is tracked better by CO2EX than by CO, MBF or CBF. Therefore, CO2EX appears to provide a practical reliable noninvasive method of determining CPR efficacy in the field.
Network interface for NoC based architectures

The emergence of the network on chip (NoC) as a communication backbone for system on chip (SoC) based designs requires standardized interfaces for integrating intellectual property (IP) cores with diverse communication requirements. These interfaces have to be simple and generic for rapid plug and play implementation with minimal overhead. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a programmable fabric based network interface architecture. We have also developed a controller for a memory unit that handles memory block allocation of multiple aspect ratios. This facilitates the integration of cores of diverse data widths and memory requirements. We have mapped the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression application on our architecture to demonstrate the feasibility of our design. The network interfaces seamlessly connect existing IP modules (processor core, JPEG core, memory core and Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) core) to the NoC. The network, IP cores and the network interfaces are implemented on an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. The behavioural implementation of various cores and the NoC is captured using Verilog and VHDL. We show experimentally that the overhead introduced due to network interface is not substantial for computation intensive cores.
Can intermediary-based science standards crosswalking work? Some evidence from mining the standard alignment tool ( SAT )

We explore the feasibility of intermediary-based crosswalking and alignment of K-12 science education standards. With the increasing availability of K-12 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) digital library content, alignment of that content with educational standards is a significant and continuous challenge. Whereas direct, one-to-one alignment of standards is preferable but currently unsustainable in its resource demands, less resource-intensive intermediary-based alignment offers an interesting alternative. But will it work? We present the results from an experiment in which the machine-based Standard Alignment Tool (SAT)—incorporated in the National Science Digital Library (NSDL)—was used to collect over half a million direct alignments between standards from different standard-authoring bodies. These were then used to compute intermediary-based alignments derived from the well-known AAAS Project 2061 Benchmarks and NSES standards. The results show strong variation among authoring bodies in their success at crosswalking, with the best results for those who modeled their standards on the intermediaries. The results furthermore show a strong inverse relationship between recall and precision when both intermediates were involved in the crosswalking. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response time analysis for distributed real-time systems with bursty job arrivals

This paper presents a new schedulability analysis methodology for distributed hard real-time systems with bursty job arrivals. The schedulability is analyzed by comparing worst-case response times of jobs with their timing constraints. We compute response times with a new method, which uses the amount of received service time to determine the response time of instances of a job. We illustrate how this method can be applied to exactly determine worst-case response times for processors with preemptive static priority schedulers, and how it gives a good approximation on the response times for processors with non-preemptive static-priority scheduling or first-come-first-served scheduling. Our schedulability analysis method is the first to support systems with arbitrary job arrival patterns. Nevertheless, it performs better than other known approaches used for systems with periodic job arrivals.
Mobile tester switching subsystem architecture

The author discusses the overall system architecture of a switching subsystem that can be utilized in a mobile tester environment. It is suggested that a switching subsystem suitable for use in a downsized tester is achievable utilizing VXI. This system will make use of all of the positive attributes of VXI and will supplement them with additional features. Like a VXI system, the switching subsystem should be reconfigurable simply by loading a different complement of switching modules. This system will take advantage of common stimulus/measurement switching while at the same time recognizing that various types of performance paths (such as coaxial, solid, and power) must also be provided. To further reduce the weight, the present interface frame should be eliminated. The subsystem will utilize low insertion force (LIF) hyperbolic interface pins. It is concluded that the concept of universal-like coaxial and solid switching together with a HYPERTAC LIF interface will result in a highly versatile, easily reconfigurable switching subsystem, which will be compatible with the requirements of a downsized tester. >
Closed Vitreous Surgery for Complications of Intraocular Lens Implantation I. Indications

Modern closed vitrectomy techniques have provided a means of managing complications of cataract surgery in ways which are far superior to those which were popular prior to the revolutionary work of Machemer (1). The advantages of these techniques include the precise control of tissue excision (using microscopic visualization, efficient cutters, and optimal illumination), the maintenance of normal globe configuration, and the ability to perform a variety of accessory techniques, such as intraocular diathermy, scissors excision, and fragmentation. Complications of intraocular lens implantation can arbitrarily be divided into anterior and posterior indications for subsequent vitreous surgery (Tables 1 and 2). The goals of vitreous surgery in this setting include the removal of opaque or otherwise abnormal tissue, the elimination of certain traction forces, and the reduction of inflammation.