cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Par and Temperature Influences on CO2 Uptake by Desert CAM Plants

The influences of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and tissue temperature on chlorenchyma activities were examined for three desert succulents exhibiting Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM): Agave deserti, Ferocactus acanthodes, and Opuntia ficus-indica. Total daily PAR predicted by computer simulation for clear days averaged 15 mol m−2 day−1 for leaves of A. deserti on an equinox and was uniformly distributed over the rosette. Measurements throughout the year indicated that PAR averaged 16 mol m−2 day−1 for leaves of A. deserti and 22 mol m−2 day−1 for unshaded stem surfaces facing in the four cardinal directions for F. acanthodes and O. ficus-indica. Both nocturnal CO2 uptake and acid accumulation by these desert succulents were 90% PAR saturated near 20 mol m−2 day−1, indicating that such plants require clear days and unshaded conditions for maximal CAM metabolism. The optimal temperature for nocturnal CO2 uptake averaged about 14°C when the plants were grown at day/night air temperatures of 20°C/10°C. This optimum shifted upward to 20°C when the growth temperatures were increased to 40°C/30°C. An analogous acclimation occurred for the tolerance of chlorenchyma tissues to extreme temperatures; the low temperature tolerated (temperature leading to 50% inhibition in cellular uptake of a vital stain) increased from an average of −11°C to −6°C upon shifting from 10°C/0°C to 50°C/40°C and the high temperature tolerated increased from 53°C to 65°C for this shift in growth temperature. The latter temperature represents an extremely great heat tolerance and helps explain why A. deserti, F. acanthodes, and O. ficus-indica can be so successful in a hot desert environment.
Infection of Australorbis glabratus with Schistosoma mansoni under bacteriologically sterile conditions.

SummaryAustralorbis glabratus, reared axenically to 2-7 mm before exposure, were found to be highly susceptible to infection with Schistosoma mansoni in the absence of demonstrable bacteriological contamination. Larval development was normal in all observable respects, and cercariae infectious for mice were produced after normal periods of incubation. Maintenance of these snails in the dark for extended periods did not inhibit larval development. Mortality was very low among schistosome-infected snails maintained in the sterile state. Infected snails tended to grow more rapidly than uninfected snails when both were fed identical rations under controlled, bacteriologically sterile conditions.I am indebted to Dr. C. Pan for preparation and interpretation of tissue sections, to Dr. E. H. Michelson for securing some of the strains of snails, and to Ann R. Schork and Caryl A. Dunavan for technical assistance.
Benchmarking the MIT LL HPCMP DHPI System

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory (MIT LL) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) Dedicated High Performance Computing Project Investment (DHPI) system was designed to address interactive algorithm development for Department of Defense (DoD) sensor processing systems. The results of the system acceptance test provide a clear quantitative picture of the capabilities of the system. The system acceptance test for MIT LL HPCMP DHPI hardware involved an array of benchmarks that exercised each of the components of the memory hierarchy, the scheduler, and the disk arrays. These benchmarks isolated the components to verify the functionality and performance of the system, and several system issues were discovered and rectified by using these benchmarks. The memory hierarchy was evaluated using the HPC Challenge benchmark suite, which is comprised of the following benchmarks: High Performance Unpack (HPL, also known as Top 500), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), STREAM, RandomAccess, and Effective Bandwidth. The compute nodes' Random Array of Independent Disks (RAID) arrays were evaluated with the lozone benchmark. Finally, the scheduler and the reliability of the entire system were tested using both the HPC Challenge suite and the lozone benchmark. For example executing the HPC Challenge benchmark suite on 416 processors, the system was able to achieve 1.42 TFlops (HPL), 34.7 GFlops (FFT), 1.24 TBytes/sec (STREAM Triad), and 0.16 GUPS (RandomAccess). This paper describes the components of the MIT lincoln laboratory HPCMP DHPI system, including its memory hierarchy. We present the HPC Challenge benchmark suite and lozone benchmark and describe how each of the component benchmarks stress various components of the TX-2500 system. The results of the benchmarks are discussed, and the implications they have on the performance of the system. We conclude with a presentation of the findings.
Vertical vibration of ring foundations

A comprehensive analysis is made of the harmonic response of vertically excited, massless, rigid ring foundations supported at the surface of an homogeneous elastic halfspace. The parameters considered include the thickness to radius ratio for the ring, the frequency of the exciting force and of the resulting steady-state response, and Poisson's ratio for the supporting medium. The response quantities examined include the stiffness and damping coefficients of the system in an equivalent spring–dashpot representation of the supporting medium, the displacements of the foundation and of points on the ground surface away from the foundation, and the normal pressure at the foundation–medium interface. The results in each case are compared with those obtained for a solid disk having the same radius as the outer radius of the ring, and a simple approximate model is used to interpret the results and to provide insight into the action of the system. The reported data are computed by a method of analysis that takes due account of the mixed boundary conditions at the surface of the halfspace, and are believed to be of high accuracy.
Three new species of African suckermouth catfishes, genus Chiloglanis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae), from the lower Malagarasi and Luiche rivers of western Tanzania

Recent fieldwork and review of existing collections containing Chiloglanis specimens from the lower Malagarasi and Luiche rivers in western Tanzania has revealed three new species that are readily distinguished from described congeners by external features. Two of the species, Chiloglanis igamba sp. nov., and Chiloglanis orthodontus sp. nov. are restricted to the Malagarasi basin. The third species, Chiloglanis kazumbei sp. nov., is more broadly distributed in both the Malagarasi and adjacent Luiche basin. A key to all described species within these two basins is presented, along with comments on the distribution and validity of nominal Chiloglanis species examined during this study.
Radiative influences of pinatubo volcanic aerosols on twilight observations of NO2 column abundances

Following the massive eruption of Mt. Pinatubo during June of 1991, twilight slant column abundances of NO2 were observed to decrease by 30–40% at Lauder, New Zealand (45°S). Johnston et al. [1992] proposed that at most, 10–15% of the observed decrease could be due to alterations of the effective optical path of light received by the detector associated with increased scattering, the balance likely being the result of heterogeneous conversion of odd-nitrogen chemical species to nitric acid on the surfaces of the volcanic aerosols. In this study, it is shown that nearly all of the observed decrease in twilight NO2 slant column abundance is likely to be due to heterogeneous chemistry. Airmass factors calculated with a spherical Monte Carlo radiative transfer model are shown to be relatively insensitive to the presence of the Pinatubo volcanic aerosols above about 20 km, although some significant differences are obtained below this altitude. Changes in photolysis rates due to increased scattering are also shown to have only a small effect on the total twilight NO2 column abundances.
Atrial Fibrillation Burden and Short-Term Risk of Stroke: Case-Crossover Analysis of Continuously Recorded Heart Rhythm From Cardiac Electronic Implanted Devices

Background— The temporal relationship of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke risk is controversial. We evaluated this relationship via a case-crossover analysis of ischemic strokes in a large cohort of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. Methods and Results— We identified 9850 patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices remotely monitored in the Veterans Administration Health Care System between 2002 and 2012. There were 187 patients with acute ischemic stroke and continuous heart rhythm monitoring for 120 days before the stroke (age, 69±8.4 years; 98% with an implantable defibrillator). We compared each patient’s daily AF burden in the 30 days before stroke (case period) with their AF burden during days 91 to 120 pre stroke (control period). Defining positive AF burden as ≥5.5 hours of AF on any given day, 156 patients (83%) had no positive AF burden in both periods and, in fact, had little to no AF; 15 (8%) patients had positive AF burden in both periods. Among the discordant (informative) patients, 13 exceeded 5.5 hours of AF in the case period but not in the control period, whereas 3 had positive AF burden in the control but not in the case period (warfarin-adjusted odds ratio for stroke, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–13.4). Odds ratio for stroke was highest (17.4; 95% confidence interval, 5.39–73.1) in the 5 days immediately after a qualifying occurrence of AF and decreased toward 1.0 as the period after the AF occurrence increased beyond 30 days. Conclusions— In this population with continuous heart rhythm recording, multiple hours of AF had a strong but transient effect raising stroke risk.
VLSI algorithms for compressed pattern search using tree based codes

Data compression methods are used to reduce the redundancy in data representation in order to decrease the data storage requirements and communication costs. In order to exploit the benefits of data compression to conserve internal processor storage and computation resources, it is desirable to perform operations on compressed data without decompressing it. We present hardware algorithms and VLSI implementation of a chip to search a compressed text with respect to keys or patterns in compressed form using Huffman-type tree-based codes.
Wiggler Systems as Sources of Electromagnetic Radiation

Wiggler systems offer exciting prospects for providing synchrotron radiation (SR) that is both more intense and different in spectral distribution than can be obtained from the normal bending magnets of a synchrotron or storage ring. If one defines a wiggler as any array of electromagnetic fields whose effect on a beam is to produce transverse accelerations with no overall deflection or displacement, then there are many conceivable systems of interest. Because some of these may provide significant improvements and in some cases unique capabilities, one expects to see such devices play an increasingly important role in applications ranging from basic research to industrial technology to extending machine capabilities for high-energy physics research. This introduction discusses the more important concepts for the general reader.
Acoustic emission behavior of epoxies during tensile loading

The acoustic emission behavior during tensile loading of two common epoxy systems of different ductility was investigated at different loading rates. At low threshold voltage, it was possible to register acoustic emissions before the final failure. Only very few emissions were recorded compared with the amount commonly recorded for metals and composite materials. The acoustic emissions detected were of burst-type, revealing a brittle damage accumulation process. They originated from the initiation and incremental growth of microcracks of stochastic nature. The events occurred before gross yielding and during the final “brittle” failure process. Basically no events were detected between gross yielding and the final failure during which large scale yielding, necking, and stable crack growth took place. The occurrence of events at the different loading rates was strongly influenced by the yielding behavior and fracture toughness, characterized by the yield stress σy and the plane-strain fracture toughness KIc respectively. KIc was inversely dependent on the total number of events up to gross yielding. The event distribution normalized with respect to the conditions at gross yielding was hardly affected by the loading rate.
Measuring implicit psychological constructs in organizational behavior: An example using psychological capital

Implicit psychological constructs are effective predictors of behavioral outcomes but are rarely used in organizational settings because of real or imagined problems with measurement validity and administration. To address these concerns, we present a means of assessing implicit constructs quickly and easily by using psychological capital as an example.
Calibrating a neural network‐based urban change model for two metropolitan areas of the Upper Midwest of the United States

We parameterized neural net‐based models for the Detroit and Twin Cities metropolitan areas in the US and attempted to test whether they were transferable across both metropolitan areas. Three different types of models were developed. First, we trained and tested the neural nets within each region and compared them against observed change. Second, we used the training weights from one area and applied them to the other. Third, we selected a small subset (∼1%) of the Twin Cities area where a lot of urban change occurred. Four model performance metrics are reported: (1) Kappa; (2) the scale which correct and paired omission/commission errors exceed 50%; (3) landscape pattern metrics; and (4) percentage of cells in agreement between model simulations. We found that the neural net model in most cases performed well on pattern but not location using Kappa. The model performed well only in one case where the neural net weights from one area were used to simulate the other. We suggest that landscape metrics are ...
The hearing-aid audio quality index (HAAQI)

This paper presents an index designed to predict music quality for individuals listening through hearing aids. The index is "intrusive," that is, it compares the degraded signal being evaluated to a reference signal. The index is based on a model of the auditory periphery that includes the effects of hearing loss. Outputs from the auditory model are used to measure changes in the signal time-frequency envelope modulation, temporal fine structure, and long-term spectrum caused by the hearing aid processing. The index is constructed by combining a term sensitive to noise and nonlinear distortion with a second term sensitive to changes in the long-term spectrum. The index is fitted to an existing database of music quality judgments made by listeners having normal or impaired hearing. The data comprise ratings for three music excerpts (classical orchestra, jazz trio, and jazz singer), each processed through 100 conditions representative of hearing-aid processing and listening situations. The overall accuracy of the index is high, with a correlation coefficient of 0.970 when computed over all of the processing conditions and averaged over the combined groups of listeners having normal and impaired hearing.
Abstract 208: Mitochondrial-targeted Grk2 Increases Superoxide Formation And Impairs Cardiomyocyte Respiratory Reserve Capacity

β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are powerful regulators of cardiovascular function and are impaired in heart failure (HF). Signal transduction of βARs is canonically shut down by phosphorylation via G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and the subsequent binding of β-arrestins. This process of receptor desensitization is enhanced in HF via the up-regulation of GRK2 and contributes to disease progression. We have recently reported non-canonical actions of GRK2, which contribute to the development of HF independent of βAR desensitization. We have previously shown that GRK2 can act as a pro-death kinase in cardiomyocytes bytranslocating to mitochondria and activating mitochondria permeability transition. This study was designed to gain more understanding of the mitochondrial function of GRK2. We isolated adult cardiomyocytes from cardiac-specific transgenic mice overexpressing GRK2 at levels found in human HF (TgGRK2), and examined superoxide production using the redox sensitive reporter MitoSox Red. Confocal imaging revealed a 4.6 fold increase in superoxide levels in cardiomyocytes overexpressing Grk2 as compared to non-transgenic (NLC) cardiomyocytes (corrected total cell fluorescence 11.59±1.06, TgGRK2 (n= 3 hearts, 88 cells) vs 2.54±0.02 NLC (n=3 hearts, 52 cells), (p
The Effect of Temperature Exposure on Broiler Condemnation

Abstract INTRODUCTION NUMEROUS correlations between broiler condemnations due to diseases and management factors have been made by various workers (Edgar et al., 1961; Cover, 1961; Clark et al., 1961; and Merkle and Johnson, 1962). Schmittle (1961), in a survey of problem broiler flocks, found that diseases—especially respiratory—in the presence of adverse environmental influences directly affected the condemnation of broilers. Although airsaccultis is but one of the causes of condemnation, Grumbles (1961) concluded that acute viral respiratory infections, especially Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis, may activate latent Mycoplasma infection, “trigger” field outbreaks of air-sac disease, increase impairment of performance and cause much more severe symptoms and lesions in birds with the CRD-air sac syndrome. From the management stress standpoint Krueger et al. (1961) compared floor space allowances, age of debeaking, and degree of ventilation on the condemnation rate of commercial type broilers. The floor space ranged from 0.6 to 1.2…
Effect of target cell availability on HIV-1 production in vitro.

Objective: The recovery of CD4 target cells following antiretroviral therapy may facilitate virus production and escape from antiretroviral suppression. To address this hypothesis, we directly examined whether the CD4 target cell number increases viral production in the presence of suboptimal therapy. Design: The effect of the CD4 T cell number on HIV-1 replication with a suboptimal dose of zidovudine was studied in vitro. Methods: Varying numbers of CD4 T cells were infected with HIV-1 and treated with 1 nM zidovudine. Virus production was measured by p24 antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Partial sequencing of HIV-1 pol was performed to assess zidovudine-resistant mutations. Results: Wild type virus production was found to increase eightfold in cultures with 100 X 10 4 cells compared with cultures with 10 × 10 4 cells. The IC 90 of zidovudine was 4 logs higher in cultures with 16 × 10 4 cells compared with cultures with 1 × 10 4 cells. No zidovudine-resistant mutations were found. Conclusion: Target cell availability may play a direct role in wild type HIV-1 resurgence following therapy.
Deweyan Student-Centered Pedagogy and Confucian Epistemology: Dilemmatic Pragmatism and Neo-Patriotism?

Drawing on empirical data collected for three separate studies in secondary school contexts in Canada, U.S., and Northwestern P.R.C, this chapter discusses how Deweyan student-centered pedagogy transpires in Confucian epistemological contexts. It illustrates the experiences and perceptions of secondary school immigrant students from Hong Kong, P.R.C., and Taiwan studying in Canada and their Canadian teachers; American high school students and their Chinese teachers; and northwestern P.R.C teachers. The chapter extends the traditional comparative education work further by showing the complexity of shifting practice and mixed philosophies that require consciousness raising, negotiation, and practical support. Through the examination of the clash and conflicts between Chinese Confucian teacher-centered pedagogical belief and American/Canadian Deweyan student-centered pedagogical belief, it speculates a new Chinese educational model that could be identified as dilemmatic pragmatism and neo-patriotism that stretches neoliberal global competition to include exertion of intellectual knowledge influence maybe emerging in this global era.
Who Pays for Magazines? Advertisers or Consumers?

ABSTRACT This study compared change in prices paid by consumers with those paid by advertisers for 96 major magazines published continuously between 1980 and 1998. Advertisers are paying a whole lot more while consumers actually paid less for subscriptions (in inflation-adjusted dollars) than they did in 1980.
The laboratory information system as a tool for implementing a strategic plan

A laboratory information system (LIS) is one of the most important strategic tools at the disposal of the pathologist. To better understand the strategic potential of LIS, a matrix is presented, which illustrates generic computer applications on one axis, a hierarchy of information system impacts on another, and specific LIS applications in each cell. The diagram can be used to assess which applications provide the most strategic leverage in a hospital by adding value to the laboratory information product. One of the most important goals for pathologists in the future will be to assist clinicians in caring for patients in the most efficient and effective manner possible. A state-of-the-art LIS with direct support by a cadre of highly trained personnel is necessary to pursue this goal.
The Importance of Altruistic Versus Egoistic Motivations: A Content Analysis of Conflicted Motivations in Children’s Television Programming

A content analysis examined the frequency with which altruistic versus egoistic motivations were acted upon in television content where these motivations were in conflict with each other. The sample was drawn from children’s television programs popular among different age groups (ages 2–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years). It also examined whether the motivations acted upon were performed by affable (likable, heroic) or surly (unlikable, villainous) characters and whether they were rewarded or punished. Extending previous research (Lewis & Mitchell, 2014), we found that portrayal patterns stressed the importance of altruistic motivations (particularly the care motivation) for content popular among the youngest age group and egoistic motivations (particularly the growth-related motivations of competence, autonomy, and relatedness) for content popular among older children. Findings are interpreted in terms of the model of intuitive morality and exemplars (Tamborini, 2011, 2013), which suggests media representations c...
The Place of Art: Reflections on Art and Urban Regeneration in 1980s Britain

‘Development’ is a term that is often used as if its meaning were self-evident. This chapter takes off from Raymond Williams’ plea for analysis of the ‘real practices subsumed by development’. The ‘real practices’ it examines, however, are ones normally subsumed under the term urban regeneration (or in the US urban renewal) rather than development. The chapter argues that the difference between ‘development’ and ‘regeneration’ is often more about the geographical location of the problems they name than the substance of those problems. It takes as a case study a Design and Technical Aid Service set up by a British community arts organisation in 1982 as a mechanism to help residents of impoverished neighbourhoods gain access to urban regeneration funds. While this arts initiative was small in scale, it raises interesting questions as to what defines art as ‘progressive’, and the role of the would-be progressive artist in modern, technologically complex societies.
Effect of boundary constraints on the vaporization threshold of low boiling-point phase-change contrast agents

Phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) provide advantages over conventional microbubble contrast agents, including increased circulation time and the ability to extravasate from leaky tumor vasculature. Additionally, PCCAs can be vaporized into echogenic microbubbles for diagnostic ultrasound imaging. Previous studies have demonstrated that the vaporization threshold of PCCAs is higher in vivo than in vitro. In this work, the role of boundary constraints imposed by blood vessels on the vaporization threshold of PCCAs is explored. We hypothesize that boundaries raise the vaporization threshold of PCCAs.
Medical Supply Logistics

This chapter focuses on medical supply logistics from the perspective of materials management and technology. It covers the structure of the medical supply chain and illustrates many of the issues that make the management of medical supply chains unique, complex, and challenging. Then, a review of inventory management practices and current research for medical supplies is provided. As an example, the management of blood supply is illustrated. Finally, key technological enablers such as electronic data exchange, automatic data capture technologies, and their importance within medical logistics are discussed. Future areas for research are suggested.
Executive function in school-aged children with cerebral palsy: Relationship with speech and language

Abstract Background and Aims Although children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at an increased risk for developing speech, language, and executive function (EF) impairments, little is known regarding the relationship among these risk factors. The current study examined how different profiles of speech and language impairment might be associated with impairments in EF skills in school-aged children with CP. Methods and Procedures Forty-seven school-aged children with CP were included. Each child contributed between one and four data points for a total of 87 data points. Children were classified into speech and language profile groups at each data point. EF skills were examined using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function questionnaire. Outcomes and Results. Compared to a mean of 50 from a normative population of children, mean scores on all measures of EF were significantly elevated for all groups (p Conclusions and Implications Children with CP who do not have impairments in speech or language may be at risk for EF difficulties which may negatively affect social communication, academic performance, and functional independence.
Illustrations of Our Techniques via Elementary Number Theory

In this chapter we illustrate the foregoing proof techniques on severaltheorems in elementary number theory. Assuming only the axioms, lemmas, and definitions in Chapter III, our theorem-prover establishes a sequence of definitions and theorems leading to the basic theorem: if Y is nonzero and X is a number, then X = R + Q*Y, where R is the remainder of X by Y and Q is the quotient of X by Y. The following points are worth noting.
Applications of quantitative prestack seismic analysis to unconventional resource play characterization in the Permian/Delaware Basin

Abstract The characterization of shale plays involves an understanding of tectonic history, geologic settings, reservoir properties, and the in-situ stresses of the potential producing zones in the...
Phlegmatic Landscapes: Perceptions of Wetlands, Acedia , and Complexion Theory in Selected Later Medieval Allegorical Pilgrim Narratives

Understanding medieval landscapes as sacred sites reveals underlying tensions in medieval thought between the placement of human beings outside of nature and a view that humans are in, and part of, the natural world. This article examines the relationship of landscape and human experience in late medieval allegorical dream visions of pilgrimage with particular attention to the descriptions of swamps or swamp-like environments and their effects. According to complexion theory, humoral makeup shaped natural entities, including human physiology and psychology. The phlegmatic person’s complexional coldness and moisture predisposed that person to the sin of acedia or spiritual despair, just as the stagnant swamp threatened to trap those who passed through it. The swamp and other wetland landscapes therefore appeared in these texts as an acknowledgment that the pilgrim/poet/narrator might suffer defeat through their own inability to move toward the good. This relationship was constitutive as well as metaphorical, as inhabiting a swamp induced phlegmatic characteristics.
A “Common Space”? The Impossibilities of a New Grammar of the Holocaust and Nakba

The Holocaust and the Nakba is an academic book with a decidedly political project: to conceptualize a discursive space within which two seemingly incompatible “events” can be thought together. How...
Highly Accurate Prediction of Core Spectra of Molecules at Density Functional Theory Cost: Attaining Sub-electronvolt Error from a Restricted Open-Shell Kohn–Sham Approach

We present the use of the recently developed square gradient minimization (SGM) algorithm for excited-state orbital optimization to obtain spin-pure restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) energies for core excited states of molecules. The SGM algorithm is robust against variational collapse and offers a reliable route to converging orbitals for target excited states at only 2-3 times the cost of ground-state orbital optimization (per iteration). ROKS/SGM with the modern SCAN/ωB97X-V functionals is found to predict the K-edge of C, N, O, and F to a root mean squared error of ∼0.3 eV. ROKS/SGM is equally effective at predicting L-edge spectra of third period elements, provided a perturbative spin-orbit correction is employed. This high accuracy can be contrasted with traditional time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), which typically has greater than 10 eV error and requires translation of computed spectra to align with experiment. ROKS is computationally affordable (having the same scaling as ground-state DFT and a slightly larger prefactor) and can be applied to geometry optimizations/ab initio molecular dynamics of core excited states, as well as condensed phase simulations. ROKS can also model doubly excited/ionized states with one broken electron pair, which are beyond the ability of linear response based methods.
Serial Recall Predicts Vocoded Sentence Recognition Across Spectral Resolutions.

Purpose The goal of this study was to determine how various aspects of cognition predict speech recognition ability across different levels of speech vocoding within a single group of listeners. Me...
6 – Offenses Against Persons—Sex Related

Publisher Summary In this chapter, nonconsensual sex crimes are considered and the elements of the crimes are discussed. The most serious sex crime is rape. Rape is defined as the act of unlawful carnal knowledge by a man of a woman, forcibly and against her will. While some courts in the past have admitted evidence concerning the complainant's past sexual activities on the issue of whether the carnal knowledge was against the will of the female, the modern trend is to limit the use of evidence relating to such sexual activities. The Model Penal Code defines the crime of rape in different terms than were used in the common law offenses. The differences include grading the crime by degree of seriousness determined by the dangerousness manifested by the actor and the degree of harm inflicted upon the victim. In general, modern rape statutes may be characterized as either “forcible rape” (sexual intercourse by force or threat of force), or “statutory rape” (sexual intercourse with victims incapable of giving consent because of age or mental incapacity). Within the latter category, most states have adopted statutes that increase punishment according to the age of the victim, with younger victims (typically under the age of 12) receiving the greatest protection.
Regulating Attorney Conduct: Past, Present, and Future

It has been my great pleasure to work with many of the people in this room on a wide variety of issues relating to legal ethics over the past several years. It is also nice to be back in Nassau County, the land of my birth. I called it home for twenty years and got my first exposure to the practice of law right down the street in Hempstead at Nassau/Suffolk Law Services where I worked as an intern between college and law school. So it is a homecoming for me to be back here in this part of the state. It is also an honor to be part of the Neil T. Shayne Memorial Lecture. I knew Neil Shayne—not nearly as well as a lot of people in this room—mainly by reputation. I did have the opportunity to work with Neil recently because he was one of the pioneers of the movement in New York State to amend the Code of Professional Responsibility to allow solo practitioners and small firm lawyers to sell their practices upon retirement. Neil felt strongly that solo practitioners and small firm lawyers should be entitled to receive compensation for the goodwill that they had generated over a lifetime of practice. Neil wrote extensively on that topic, promoted it and, with the right people in the right places, we were finally able to convince the State Bar House of Delegates and then the Appellate Divisions that it was the right thing to do. In 1996, a rule was adopted that can be found in the New York Code of Professional Responsibility as DR 2-111, and it is due in no small measure to the vision and the work of Neil Shayne. So it is an honor to be here and
Nation-Building as Anti-Communist Violence: The Armed Forces in Cold War Argentina

This chapter explores the connections between nation-building programs and anti-communist violence in Argentina from the overthrow of populist leader Juan Domingo Peron in 1955 to the end of the last military dictatorship in 1983. Using an array of documents from policy proposals to declassified military orders, it argues that increasingly violent modernization schemes were the product of both Cold War authoritarian politics and recycled nineteenth-century tropes of race and incomplete state formation. Amid labor discord, Peronism’s unexpected endurance, and the specter of the Cuban Revolution, military officers repeatedly voiced fears that underdevelopment and a premodern rural culture had created a population susceptible to demagoguery and Marxist subversion. This anxiety contributed to four coups d’etat, shock industrialization, population transfers, and finally the transformation of Northern Argentina into a laboratory for state terror. This case study illustrates how anti-communism was rooted in a deeper regional historical context during Latin America’s Cold War.
An Intramural Peer-Review Concept to Support Development in Academic Medicine.

Academic medicine professionals spend their careers striving for promotion and standing in their respective institutions and the global scientific community. Publishing in high-impact journals aids in that pursuit; yet, formal coursework and training rarely emphasize scientific writing, making it difficult to gain the skills necessary to succeed. The authors implemented an intramural peer-review service in the medical school of a preeminent university to offer guidance, resources, and hands-on writing assistance at no cost. This program model bridges a gap in scientific writing instruction, boosts academic productivity, and increases opportunities to publish in higher impact journals.
Combining Global Positioning System (GPS) with saliva collection among sexual minority adults: A feasibility study.

BACKGROUND This is the first study, of which we are aware, to evaluate the feasibility and accessibility of simultaneous use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and saliva collection for biomarker assessment as an objective measure of stress physiology among sexual minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other non-heterosexual identities) individuals. The principal motivation for pairing GPS and saliva collection was to investigate how characteristics of the built and social environments along with participants' daily activity paths affect stress. This can contribute to a better understanding of health and health behaviors in the sexual minority community. METHODS A convenience sample of enrolled participants (N = 124) from Houston, Texas was asked to complete questionnaires, carry with them a GPS unit daily, and collect and store 6 samples of saliva at specific times across the span of a day prior to a second visit around one week later. RESULTS Of 124 participants, 16 participants (12.90%) provided no useable GPS data and 98 (79.03%) provided at least 4 days of data. More than three-fourths (n = 98, 79.03%) also provided complete saliva samples. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the simultaneous use of GPS and saliva collection to assess sexual minority individuals' activity paths and stress level is feasible.
Human physiology and contactless vital signs monitoring using camera and wireless signals

Abstract Vital signs monitoring has become increasingly more important because it can offer useful clues to medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders, or anomalies. There is a compelling need for technologies that enable contactless, easy deployment, and long-term vital signs monitoring for healthcare. In this chapter, we discuss human physiology and contactless physiological monitoring using remote cameras, radio-frequency (RF) based sensing techniques (e.g., radar, received signal strength (RSS), channel state information (CSI), and RFID), and acoustic-based sensing techniques.
Two Descriptors for Series of Congeneric Molecules

Two quantitative characterizations are compared for series, each of which consists of a central atom or molecule and successively attached functional groups. The vector index component V 2 brings out the periodicity related to the central entity and to the ligands (if they are atoms) or brings out the periodicity related to the substituents (if they are atoms) put into an originating molecule. The Zenkevich parameters also show the periodicity seen in V 2 but are valuable for treating data farther from linearity with respect to the number of attached groups provided that there is not an inflection point. An algebraic comparison shows that it is not possible to derive the vector index components from the Zenkevich parameters or visa versa except when the data are exactly linear.
Boundary Value Problems for Functions Analytic on Multiply Connected Domains on Spaces with a General Weight

Necessary and sufficient conditions of Fredholmness, as well as index formulas, are obtained for differential boundary value problems with several unknown functions analytic on multiply connected domains. The complex conjugation and (forward or backward) shifts are involved in boundary conditions of above mentioned problems, and solutions are sought in weighted spaces with weights satisfying only the Hunt-Muckenhoupt-Wheeden condition. The results are of an explicit nature in the case of piecewise continuous coefficients.
Chapter 29. Drug Metabolism

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates drug metabolism that is rapidly proliferating because of the factors that include: rapid advances in methodology, demands of drug regulatory agencies, and unraveling of the mechanisms involved. The use of immunoassays as an analytical method for drugs was in use previously. Researches focused on the clinical pharmacokinetic aspects of diuretics, antiarrhythmic agents, drug use in childbirth and in the postoperative period, and on extracorporeal hemoperfusion techniques. The pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines has been intensively studied with regard to the effects of subjects age and sex. The elderly had a mean eleven hour prolongation of the half-life of nitrazepam, a mean prolongation of forty-eight hours for diazepam, and no prolongation with lorazepam. Several novel methods for determining the pharmacokinetic parameters have been reported. By using only the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, the maximum plasma concentration and the time to the maximum concentration, it is possible to determine the equivalence of the apparent first-order rate constants for the absorption and elimination in a one-compartment body model. The metabolism of timolol was compared in animals and man. The oxidative opening of the morpholine ring and the oxidation of the oxypropanolamine side chain appear to be mutually exclusive pathways, the former being of greater importance in rodents and man and the latter in dog. In contrast, 4-ethoxy-2-methyl-5-morpholino-3-(2H)-pyridazinone was metabolized mainly by opening the morpholine ring in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys.
A series of disialogangliosides with binary 2----3 sialosyllactosamine structure, defined by monoclonal antibody NUH2, are oncodevelopmentally regulated antigens.

A mouse IgM monoclonal antibody, NUH2, was raised after immunization of mice with the disialoganglioside fraction of human colonic adenocarcinoma. This antibody reacts specifically with disialogangliosides having the Structure 1 shown below. (formula; see text) NUH2 does not react with structures lacking the sialic acid at either the beta 1----3 or beta 1----6 side chain, nor with a binary structure having unequal chain lengths, nor with a binary type 2 chain structure having a trimannosyl core as found in the side chain of N-linked complex type oligosaccharides. (formula; see text) In humans, the disialoganglioside antigens defined by antibody NUH2 are present in low quantity in normal cells (e.g., erythrocytes) and tissues, but are expressed highly in some colonic cancers, placenta, trophoblast, and sperm, and can be regarded as oncodevelopmentally regulated antigens.
Lower crosslinking density enhances functional nucleus pulposus‐like matrix elaboration by human mesenchymal stem cells in carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels

Engineered constructs represent a promising treatment for replacement of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. Recently, photocrosslinked hydrogels comprised of methacrylated carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were shown to support chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and promote accumulation of NP-like extracellular matrix (ECM). The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of CMC crosslinking density, by varying macromer concentration and modification (i.e., methacrylation) percentage, on NP-like differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs. Constructs of lower macromer concentration (2%, w/v) exhibited significantly greater collagen II accumulation, more homogeneous distribution of ECM macromolecules, and a temporal increase in mechanical properties compared to hydrogels of higher macromer concentration (4%, w/v). Constructs of higher modification percentage (25%) gave rise to significantly elevated collagen II content and the formation of cell clusters within the matrix relative to samples of lower modification percentage (10% and 15%). These differences in functional ECM accumulation and distribution are likely attributed to the distinct crosslinked network structures of the various hydrogel formulations. Overall, CMC constructs of lower macromer concentration and modification percentage were most promising as scaffolds for NP tissue engineering based on functional ECM assembly. Optimization of such hydrogel fabrication parameters may lead to the development of clinically relevant tissue-engineered NP replacements.
Ubiquinone biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and sequence of COQ3, the 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate methyltransferase gene

Ubiquinone (or coenzyme Q) is a lipid component of the respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane, in which it functions in electron transport. Recent reports show that ubiquinone and ubiquinone biosynthetic enzymes are present in both mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial membranes of cells (Kalen, A., Appelkvist, E.-L., Chojnacki, T., and Dallner, G. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1158-1164) although the functions that ubiquinone may play outside of the mitochondrion are not understood. To study coenzyme Q synthesis and function we cloned the 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate (DHHB) methyltransferase gene by functional complementation of a yeast coenzyme Q mutant strain, defective in the COQ3 gene (Tzagoloff, A., and Dieckmann, C. L. (1990) Microbiol. Rev. 54, 211-225). This gene restores both coenzyme Q synthesis in the mutant strain and the ability to grow on media containing glycerol, a nonfermentable substrate. A one-step in situ gene replacement with the cloned DHHB methyltransferase DNA directs integration to the yeast COQ3 locus on chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, establishing that the COQ3 locus encodes the DHHB methyltransferase structural gene. The predicted amino acid sequence of the yeast DHHB methyltransferase contains a methyltransferase consensus sequence and shows a 40% identity with an open reading frame of Escherichia coli, the gyrA5' hypothetical protein. This open reading frame is adjacent to the gyrA gene and close to the mapped location of the ubiG gene at 48 min on the E. coli chromosome. These results suggest that the E. coli gyrA5' open reading frame encodes a methyltransferase and may correspond to the ubiG gene, which is required for ubiquinone biosynthesis.
A full-order equivalent circuit approach for transmission lines in printed circuit boards

We propose a unique derivation of an accurate and efficient equivalent circuit model for simulating transmission line structures with layer-wise homogenous/inhomogeneous substrates. The derivation is based on mode constraints that arise naturally from mode assumptions. The resulting equivalent circuit representation reflects the fact that the decomposed modes are coupled. To further improve the accuracy of the equivalent circuit approach, a full order representation of the equivalent circuit is proposed.
A Perceptual Audio Hashing Algorithm: A Tool for Robust Audio Identification and Information Hiding

Assuming that watermarking is feasible (say, against a limited set of attacks of significant interest), current methods use a secret key to generate and embed a watermark. However, if the same key is used to watermark different items, then each instance may leak partial information and it is possible that one may extract the whole secret from a collection of watermarked items. Thus it will be ideal to derive content dependent keys, using a perceptual hashing algorithm (with its own secret key) that is resistant to small changes and otherwise having randomness and unpredictability properties analogous to cryptographic MACs.The techniques here are also useful for synchronizing in streams to find fixed locations against insertion and deletion attacks. Say, one may watermark a frame in a stream and can synchronize oneself to that frame using keyed perceptual hash and a known value for that frame. Our techniques can be used for identification of audio clips as well as database lookups in a way resistant to formatting and compression. We propose a novel audio hashing algorithm to be used for audio watermarking applications, that uses signal processing and traditional algorithmic analysis (against an adversary).
SINFONÍA ERÓTICA EN EL PASADO DE ALAN PAULS

This article proposes a revision of the role of eroticism in Alan Paul’s El pasado. The study focuses on the notion of “erotic symphony” as a way to interpre...
Dynamic Resource Allocation for Multimedia Document Retrieval over High Speed LANs

The emergence of gigabit local area networks (G-LANs) has spurred a tremendous interest in supporting networked multimedia applications over a LAN. In this paper, we propose a mechanism for dynamically allocating network resources in asynchronous LANs. Presentation of multimedia objects with required play-out quality requires Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees by the underlying networking infrastructure. Existing asynchronous LANs, such as Ethernet, do not support the notion of QoS due to their asynchronous media access protocol. For such networks, we propose a dynamic bandwidth management scheme that uses the concept of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). Significant performance improvement is observed through experimental results. In particular, the transmission rates for multimedia hosts improve significantly with low jitter variations in media streams. We also propose a framework for graceful degradation of play-out quality of multimedia objects in case the LAN‘s total capacity is not sufficient to meet the overall demand.