cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Landslides in West Coast metropolitan areas: The role of extreme weather events

Abstract Rainfall-induced landslides represent a pervasive issue in areas where extreme rainfall intersects complex terrain. A farsighted management of landslide risk requires assessing how landslide hazard will change in coming decades and thus requires, inter alia, that we understand what rainfall events are most likely to trigger landslides and how global warming will affect the frequency of such weather events. We take advantage of 9 years of landslide occurrence data compiled by collating Google news reports and of a high-resolution satellite-based daily rainfall data to investigate what weather triggers landslide along the West Coast US. We show that, while this landslide compilation cannot provide consistent and widespread monitoring everywhere, it captures enough of the events in the major urban areas that it can be used to identify the relevant relationships between landslides and rainfall events in Puget Sound, the Bay Area, and greater Los Angeles. In all these regions, days that recorded landslides have rainfall distributions that are skewed away from dry and low-rainfall accumulations and towards heavy intensities. However, large daily accumulation is the main driver of enhanced hazard of landslides only in Puget Sound. There, landslide are often clustered in space and time and major events are primarily driven by synoptic scale variability, namely “atmospheric rivers” of high humidity air hitting anywhere along the West Coast, and the interaction of frontal system with the coastal orography. The relationship between landslide occurrences and daily rainfall is less robust in California, where antecedent precipitation (in the case of the Bay area) and the peak intensity of localized downpours at sub-daily time scales (in the case of Los Angeles) are key factors not captured by the same-day accumulations. Accordingly, we suggest that the assessment of future changes in landslide hazard for the entire the West Coast requires consideration of future changes in the occurrence and intensity of atmospheric rivers, in their duration and clustering, and in the occurrence of short-duration (sub-daily) extreme rainfall as well. Major regional landslide events, in which multiple occurrences are recorded in the catalog for the same day, are too rare to allow a statistical characterization of their triggering events, but a case study analysis indicates that a variety of synoptic-scale events can be involved, including not only atmospheric rivers but also broader cold- and warm-front precipitation. That a news-based catalog of landslides is accurate enough to allow the identification of different landslide/rainfall relationships in the major urban areas along the US West Coast suggests that this technology can potentially be used for other English-language cities and could become an even more powerful tool if expanded to other languages and non-traditional news sources, such as social media.
Function Theory on a Half-Plane

The purpose of this chapter is to present the ideas of Chapters 1–4 in a half-plane setting. Often this is done by mapping the upper half-plane II = {z: Im z > 0} to the disk D by a linear fractional transformation. In some cases (such as the Stieltjes inversion formula 5.4), it is simplest to give a direct proof for the half-plane.
On the “Why” of Social Experiments: Some Lessons on Overcoming Barriers from 45 Years of Social Experiments

Nearly a half century has passed since August 1968 when the first families were enrolled in the New Jersey Income Maintenance Experiment, the first large-scale social policy evaluation to use random assignment. Over that time, the field of social policy experiments has expanded greatly with particularly fast growth occurring since the turn of the 21st century. This dramatic growth has several dimensions, including both the volume of experiments and the numbers of areas of social policy involved. This chapter focuses on the evolving contexts in which social policy experiments have taken place, with attention to how they have overcome obstacles to their use.
Histologic transformation of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma without exposure to EGFR inhibition

Resistance to EGFR kinase inhibitors appears to be invariable in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Several mechanisms have been described. Here, we report the first case of histologic transformation of EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma without prior exposure to EGFR inhibition.
Historical License: Architectural History in the Architectural Profession

In this essay, it is my intent to examine the history of architectural history's intersection with the profession of architecture in the United States.1 A common lens for viewing this evolving relationship is that of academia—that is, how architectural history has figured within architectural education. Instead, I will take a more arcane object of investigation: the architectural licensing exam. Since its inception in the 1920s, architectural history has been a constituent element of the tests that individuals must pass in order to call themselves architects. Thus, the licensing exam is the profession's deliberated and institutionalized statement of the status of architectural history, and an examination of the exam reveals the history of architectural history in relation to the profession of architecture. It is my argument that the mutable nature of this relationship demonstrates architectural history's sensitive tracking of the profession's status in the American political economy and, in turn, architectural history's fluctuation between autonomy and instrumentality within the profession. I will suggest in conclusion that architectural history is now capable of a “speculative turn,” building on Hayden White's idea of a “practical past.” At the end of the nineteenth century, architecture professionalized in the United States. At that time, architectural history was an intriguingly material study based on Beaux-Arts training that moved into the offices of architects like H. H. Richardson, whose apprentices studied ornament not just through precedents presented in books but also through plaster casts of sculpture and architectural fragments from antiquity. If books of precedent and architectural drawings constituted a significant part of the libraries in offices like H. H. Richardson's or McKim, Mead and White, the most likely textbook in schools was Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture .2 It remained a if not the core text through the 1930s, when Joseph Esherick recalled …
Patient-oriented health technologies: Patients’ perspectives and use

BACKGROUND For patient-oriented mobile health tools to contribute meaningfully to improving healthcare delivery, widespread acceptance and use of such tools by patients are critical. However, little is known about patients' attitudes toward using health technology and their willingness to share health data with providers. AIMS To investigate primary care patients' comfort sharing health information through mobile devices, and patients' awareness and use of patient portals. METHODS Patients (n=918) who visited one of 6 primary care clinics in the Northwest US completed a survey about health technology use, medical conditions, and demographics. RESULTS More patients were comfortable sharing mobile health information with providers than having third parties store their information (62% vs 30%, Somers D=.33, p<0.001). Patients older than 55 years were less likely to be comfortable sharing with providers (AORs 0.37-0.42, p<0.01). Only 39% of patients knew if their clinic offered a patient portal; however, of these, 67% used it. Health literacy limitations were associated with lower portal awareness (AOR=0.55, p=0.005) but not use. Portal use was higher among patients with a chronic condition (AOR= 3.18, p=0.004). CONCLUSION Comfort, awareness, and use of health technologies were variable. Practices introducing patient-facing health technologies should promote awareness, address concerns about data security, and provide education and training, especially to older adults and those with health literacy limitations. Patient-facing health technologies provide an opportunity for delivering scalable health education and self-management support, particularly for patients with chronic conditions who are already using patient portals.
Plasma flow reactor for steady state monitoring of physical and chemical processes at high temperatures

We present the development of a steady state plasma flow reactor to investigate gas phase physical and chemical processes that occur at high temperature (1000 < T < 5000 K) and atmospheric pressure. The reactor consists of a glass tube that is attached to an inductively coupled argon plasma generator via an adaptor (ring flow injector). We have modeled the system using computational fluid dynamics simulations that are bounded by measured temperatures. In situ line-of-sight optical emission and absorption spectroscopy have been used to determine the structures and concentrations of molecules formed during rapid cooling of reactants after they pass through the plasma. Emission spectroscopy also enables us to determine the temperatures at which these dynamic processes occur. A sample collection probe inserted from the open end of the reactor is used to collect condensed materials and analyze them ex situ using electron microscopy. The preliminary results of two separate investigations involving the condensation of metal oxides and chemical kinetics of high-temperature gas reactions are discussed.
Thunderbolt interconnect – comparing optical and copper approaches

Thunderbolt Interconnect Technology has adopted both copper and optical cables. One single cable can support two bi-directional signal lanes at a data rate of 2x20.625 Gb/s, which is driven by demand of 4K video. Future 8K video and Virtual Reality (VR) will push the bandwidth requirement even higher. Form factor, link distance, usage model and heat dissipation are all placed into design consideration. Key technologies developed to enable this high data rate consumer cable are discussed, such as robust copper and optical cables, miniature optical engine, thermal design and 2x20.625Gb/s low power integrated circuits for VCSEL-based optical link. Copper and optical interconnect technologies are compared from the perspective of cost, power, form factor, and scalability. Total power consumption is 146mW for each 25.78Gb/s optical link, which gives 5.69mW/Gb/s. Among the commercially available optical ICs we evaluated at 25.78 Gb/s, this work has lowest power consumption and smallest die area in industry.
Anthropometric Prediction of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Persons With Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in increased accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Anthropometrics may provide an alternative to estimate VAT cross-section area (CSA) compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objective To validate the use of anthropometrics, including abdominal circumference and skinfold thickness (SF T ) measurements against MRI to predict subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and VAT cross-sectional areas in persons with SCI. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Clinical research center Participant Twenty-two men with motor complete SCI Methods Anthropometric measurements and MRI were taken during a single visit. Abdominal circumference and SF T were used to derive prediction equations for subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT Anthro-CSA ) and VAT (VAT Anthro-CSA ). Three-axial MRI at the level of umbilicus was used to establish the prediction equations. VAT Anthro-CSA was compared against body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and SF T . Bland-Altman plots were used to determine limits of agreement between prediction equations and MRI. Main Outcome Measurements SAT and VAT cross-sectional areas. Results SAT Anthro-CSA explained 76% of the variance in SAT cross-sectional area ( r 2 = 0.76, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 49.5 cm 2 , P Anthro-CSA explained 72% of VAT cross-sectional area ( r 2 = 0.72, SEE=45.8 cm 2 , P Anthro-CSA , BMI, waist circumference, and SF T explained only 37%, 63%, and 31%, respectively, in the variance of VAT MRI. Conclusion Abdominal circumference and SF T demonstrated an alternative way to predict VAT CSA. VAT Anthro-CSA estimated VAT MRI more accurately than BMI, waist circumference, and SF T in individuals with chronic SCI. Level of Evidence I
Considering a Possible Role for [H-Fe4N(CO)12]2– in Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate by [Fe4N(CO)12]−

[Fe4N(CO)12]− is a first-row transition element electrocatalyst that selectively produces C–H bonds to give formate from CO2 in water at −1.2 V vs SCE. We present a thermochemical analysis which probes the possibility that [H-Fe4N(CO)12]2– ((H-1)2–) is an intermediate in this process: we show that (H-1)2– is accessible at −1.2 V vs SCE, but if it were formed, we predict that it would generate H2. [Fe4N(CO)12]3– and (H-1)2– were interrogated spectroscopically, and the product of CO loss, [Fe4N(CO)9(μ-CO)2]3–, was synthesized and characterized. Ultimately, we demonstrate that (H-1)2– is an unlikely participant in the catalytic transformation of CO2 to formate.
Convicted and condemned: the politics and policies of prisoner reentry

In Convicted and Condemned: the politics and policies of prisoner reentry, Keesha Middlemass delivers an innovative analysis through which to examine the generally harsh, real-world prison reentry ...
Organization out of disorder: liquid–liquid phase separation in plants

Membraneless compartments are formed from the dynamic physical association of proteins and RNAs through liquid-liquid phase separation, and have recently emerged as an exciting new mechanism to explain the dynamic organization of biochemical processes in the cell. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the process of phase separation in plants and other eukaryotes. We discuss specific examples of liquid-like membraneless compartments found in green plants, their composition, and the intriguing prevalence of proteins with intrinsically disordered domains. Finally, we speculate on the function of disordered proteins in regulating the formation of membraneless compartments and how their conformational flexibility may be important for molecular memory and for sensing perturbations in the physicochemical environment of the cell, particularly important processes in sessile organisms.
Pathogenesis of Classical Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is the most common type of ischemic optic neuropathy. Although findings of sudden onset of segmental visual field defect, initially with optic disc edema with a few peripapillary hemorrhages and later on optic atrophy were reported in the very early literature, the pathogenesis and management of NA-AION had been the focus of continuing controversy. To explain its pathogenesis, multiple theories have been postulated, varying from some degree of logic to some quite preposterous. NA-AION was referred to in the past as the “arteriosclerotic” variety, to distinguish it from arteritic AION associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA). It seems Uhthoff in 1924 first described three cases of the arteriosclerotic type [1]. The next major description seems to be by Francois et al. in 1956 [2]; they described this clinical entity under the title of “vascular pseudopapilitis”, and stressed the etiological importance of arteriosclerotic small vessel disease.
Remarks on Nongaussian Linear Processes with Additive Gaussian Noise

In a number of papers [1,2,4,5,6] nonGaussian linear processes are considered as the basic model. Questions relating to the estimation of coefficients and deconvolution were dealt with. We give the assumptions here. Let {vt} be a sequence of independent, identically distributed random var-iables with E v ≡ 0, E v t 2 ≡ 1 and some higher order cumulant γs ≠ 0 (s > 2). The real coefficients {αj} are in l2 $$ \sum {\alpha _{j}^{2}} < \infty $$ (1) .
Mill and the Right of Free Expression

John Stuart Mill’ s reputation throughout most of this century in the world of philosophy was akin to that of Linda Lovelace’s in the world of acting. Though recognized for special talents, neither would be place among the leaders in the field. For much too long, there had been a fairly standard interpretation of Mill’s moral theories (one that is still sometimes encountered in elementary textbooks in ethics), according to which he inherited doctrines from his father James Mill, and from Jeremy Bentham, onto which he grafted other views not compatible with those of his mentors. Raised on a pablum laced with doctrinaire utilitarianism, it was thought, his better instincts led him to a wider view of human nature and a more humane set of moral principles, that could not be fully digested in combination with a strict utilitarian diet. Thus, unable to shake off his infantile security blanket, he could be charged with inconsistency and equivocation. On the old account of Mill, he came off as a good, kind, benevolent man whose basic morality and humaneness outstripped his moral theories, and, thus, as a morally admirable fathead.
A Cousin Formulation for Overlapped Domain Decomposition Applied to the Poisson Equation

In this paper we present a domain decomposition method for the solution of a linear equation as a direct two-step procedure (in contrast to iterativebased Schwarz and Aitken-Schwarz procedures): first, local solutions to the nonhomogeneous equation are calculated on overlapping domains, and second, connection functions, solutions to the homogeneous equation, are calculated which satisfy the Cousin problem and correct for the initial solution mismatch at interior boundaries. The procedure is applied to Poisson’s equation as a sample linear equation. The calculation of the connection functions is achieved through a classical orthogonal decomposition of the solution to Laplace’s equation and can be achieved through progressive solutions in each direction for separable boundary conditions. The procedure is also applicable to more complicated domains with non-separable boundary conditions. A few examples will be given. The connection functions can be calculated to high precision and require minimal overlap of the subdomains.
Simple Groups of 2-Rank ≤ 2

In this chapter we outline the classification of simple groups of 2-rank ≤ 2, beginning with the Feit—Thompson proof of the solvability of groups of odd order [1: 93]. In particular, such a group G must therefore have even order.
Abstract 4053: Partial reversion of the tumor immunosuppressed environment by oncolytic adenoviruses armed with positive stimulators of the immune synapsis in breast cancer

Immunotherapy is currently one of the primary focuses of cancer research and has the potential to become the standard treatment for oncologic patients over the next decades. Promising clinical responses have been observed in patients treated with a variety of immune-targeted therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, modified dendritic cells, and T cell or NK cell-based immunotherapies. However, the efficacy of these treatments is still very limited due to multiple factors related to tumor nature and microenvironment. Hence, combination therapies aimed at modulating the strong tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and stimulating T-cell infiltration into the tumor lesions are urgently needed to overcome cancer intrinsic resistance mechanisms. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy to elicit antitumor immune responses and to increase infiltration of both innate and adaptive immune cells. These capabilities of the oncolytic viruses can be enhanced and exploited to improve response of patients to different immunotherapies. Here we tested the ability of two modified oncolytic adenoviruses termed Delta-24-RGDOX and Delta-24-GREAT, expressing OX40L and GITRL respectively, to modify the tumor microenvironment in different murine triple-negative breast cancer models. We hypothesized that intratumoral injection of these armed oncolytic adenoviruses will decrease immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. To this end, mice harboring fat pad tumors were treated with intratumoral doses of these armed oncolytic adenoviruses. Leukocytes from spleen and tumor tissues were analyzed for the relative presence of lymphocyte and myeloid cell subsets. In all mice treated with Delta-24-RGDOX or Delta-24-GITRL, CD8+ T-cell populations were significantly higher compared with those observed in the control mice. Significantly lower percentages of cell populations with immunosuppressive phenotypes, such as PD-1+ T cells (P Citation Format: Francisco W. Puerta Martinez, Yisel A. Rivera, Teresa Nguyen, Xuejun Fan, Rehnuma Shifat, Mohammad Belayat Hossain, Hong Jiang, Chandra Bartholomeusz, Lang F. Frederick, Juan Fueyo, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano. Partial reversion of the tumor immunosuppressed environment by oncolytic adenoviruses armed with positive stimulators of the immune synapsis in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4053.
Mouse strain and sex-dependent differences in long-term behavioral abnormalities and neuropathologies after developmental zika infection

Exposure of the developing fetus to Zika virus (ZIKV) results in a set of brain abnormalities described as the congenital Zika syndrome. Although microcephaly is the most obvious outcome, neuropathologies, such as intracranial calcifications and polymicrogyria, can occur in the absence of microcephaly. Moreover, the full impact of exposure on motor, social, and cognitive skills during development remains uncharacterized. We examined the long-term neurobehavioral consequences of neonatal ZIKV exposure in four genetically divergent inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, FVB/NJ, and DBA/2J). Male and female mice were infected on postnatal day 1, considered comparable with exposure late in the second trimester of humans. We demonstrate strain differences in early susceptibility to the virus and the time course of glial reaction in the brain. These changes were associated with strain- and sex-dependent differences in long-term behavioral abnormalities that include hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and motor incoordination. In addition, the adult brains of susceptible mice exhibited widespread calcifications that may underlie the behavioral deficits observed. Characterization of the neuropathological sequelae of developmental exposure to the Zika virus in different immunocompetent mouse strains provides a foundation for identifying genetic and immune factors that contribute to long-term neurobehavioral consequences in susceptible individuals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Developmental Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is now known to cause brain abnormalities in infants that do not display microcephaly at birth, and the full impact of these more subtle neuropathologies has yet to be determined. We demonstrate in a mouse model that long-lasting behavioral aberrations occur after developmental ZIKV exposure. We compare four divergent mouse strains and find that the effects of Zika infection differ greatly between strains, in terms of behavioral changes, sex differences, and the intracranial calcifications that develop in the brains of susceptible mice. These findings provide a foundation for identifying susceptibility factors that lead to the development of abnormal behaviors secondary to ZIKV infection early in life.
Breaking it Down: Economic Consequences of Disaggregated Cost Disclosures

Motivated by the FASB’s project about the disaggregation of performance information, we study a Korean rule change that allowed firms to withhold a previously mandated disaggregation of Cost of Sales. We hypothesize that, by withholding, a firm can protect cost innovations from rivals. Our headline result is that subsequent relative profitability increases by 7.8% for withholders. To elucidate the mechanism and highlight that cost-information itself drives the disclosure choice, we measure how distinct a firm’s cost structure is from its peers’, and show that such distinctness predicts withholding and subsequent profitability gains when the disclosure regime changes. Lastly, we take an aggregate perspective and show how across-firm information barriers created by withholding manifest as within-industry profitability dispersion.
Successful treatment of metachronous contralateral intratubular germ cell neoplasia with partial orchiectomy and low‐dose radiation in a patient previously treated for testicular carcinoma

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) of the testis is a precursor to testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT), which can lead to the development of invasive cancer. In patients with a history of previously treated unilateral TGCT, treatment for ITGCN of the contralateral testis needs to be balanced with the risks of subsequent infertility. Here, we present a 17- year- old patient with ITGCN diagnosed after treatment of contralateral nonseminomatous TGCT who was successfully treated with a partial orchiectomy followed by low-dose radiation with preservation of his testosterone production.
Dissecting compulsive eating behavior into three elements

Abstract Forms of obesity, eating disorders, and the recently defined construct of food addiction are all characterized by compulsive eating behavior. Compulsive eating behavior can be deconstructed into three major elements, similar to the conceptualization of compulsive drug use in addiction: (1) habitual overeating, (2) overeating to relieve a negative emotional state, and (3) overeating despite aversive consequences. These elements arise from dysfunctions in three distinct, but overlapping, psychobiological processes, i.e., habit formation, negative emotional states, and behavioral control. The major neurobiological systems that underlie these processes comprise of the basal ganglia, the extended amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex: neuroadaptations occurring in these systems can result in compulsive eating behaviors. The focus of this chapter is to review studies on compulsive eating behavior, as well as relevant research into compulsive drug use, and to describe the underlying neuropharmacology and neurobiological systems involved.
The state of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer to the liver

Hepatic artery infusion (HAI) chemotherapy is a locoregional therapy for colorectal cancer liver metastasis that has been available since the 1980s. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of HAI with higher response rates compared to systemic chemotherapy alone. Clinical trials have shown the benefit of using HAI as a bridge to conversion to resection at a higher rate than systemic chemotherapy alone with rates as high as 60% in heavily pretreated patients. HAI in combination with systemic chemotherapy has also been associated with prolonged recurrence free survival and overall survival in the adjuvant setting. Specifically, the addition of HAI continues to show a benefit in prolonging overall survival, despite increased effectiveness of modern systemic chemotherapy (i.e., oxaliplatin and irinotecan). Lower recurrence and improved survival rates associated with HAI and systemic chemotherapy persist regardless of RAS mutational status.
Insights for More Usable VR for People with Amblyopia

Amblyopia, or "lazy eye" is the world's most common neurological eye disorder. Yet, very little has been done looking into how to make virtual reality (VR) more usable for people with Amblyopia. Furthermore, a trend of using VR for Amblyopia therapy has arisen, making such a study more essential than ever. Our study asks our user base of people with Amblyopia questions through two surveys, verbal feedback, and interviews about their experience with our VR video game Amblyopia therapy. We found patterns encoded in this information, which we use to create preliminary hypotheses for making VR experiences as usable as possible for people with Amblyopia.
Altered expression of β-catenin and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase in normal appearing acini of cancer-bearing prostate glands, detected by quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis

14540 Background: Expression of β-catenin and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) is markedly altered in prostate adenocarcinomas. The objective of this work was to evaluate expression of these protei...
Health care barriers to provision of long-acting reversible contraception in Wisconsin

INTRODUCTION Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), specifically implants and intrauterine devices (IUD), are highly effective, low maintenance forms of birth control. Practice guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that LARC be considered first-line birth control for most women; however, uptake remains low. In this study, we sought to understand practices and barriers to provision of LARC in routine and immediate postpartum settings as they differ between specialties. METHODS We surveyed 3,000 Wisconsin physicians and advanced-practice providers in obstetrics-gynecology/women's health (Ob-gyn), family medicine, pediatrics, and midwifery to assess practices and barriers (56.5% response rate). This analysis is comprised of contraceptive care providers (n=992); statistical significance was tested using chi-square and 2-sample proportions tests. RESULTS More providers working Ob-gyn (94.3%) and midwifery (78.7%) were skilled providers of LARC methods than those in family medicine (42.5%) and pediatrics (6.6%) (P < .0001). Lack of insertion skill was the most-cited barrier to routine provision among family medicine (31.1%) and pediatric (72.1%) providers. Among prenatal/delivery providers, over 50% across all specialties reported lack of device availability on-site as a barrier to immediate postpartum LARC provision; organizational practices also were commonly reported barriers. CONCLUSIONS Gaps in routine and immediate postpartum LARC practice were strongly related to specialty, and providers' experience heightened barriers to immediate postpartum compared to routine insertion. Skills training targeting family medicine and pediatric providers would enable broader access to LARC. Organizational barriers to immediate postpartum LARC provision impact many providers.
Clinical characteristics and cytokine biomarkers in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease persisting seven or more years after diagnosis.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the leading late complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Many patients receive multiple lines of systemic therapy until cGVHD resolves, but about 15% remain on systemic treatment for more than 7 years after cGVHD diagnosis. This study describes the clinical and biological factors of patients who present with cGVHD persisting for ≥7 years (persistent cGVHD). Patients with persistent cGVHD (n = 38) and those with cGVHD for <1 year (early cGVHD) (n = 83) were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional natural history study. Patients in the persistent cGVHD group were a median of 10.2 years from cGVHD diagnosis (range 7-27 years). Fifty-eight percent of persistent cGVHD patients (22/38) were receiving systemic immunosuppression, compared to 88% (73/83) in the early cGVHD group. In multivariable analysis, bone marrow (BM) stem cell source, presence of ENA autoantibodies, higher NIH lung score, higher platelet counts, and higher IgA levels were significantly associated with persistent cGVHD. A high sensitivity panel of serum biomarkers including seven cytokines diagnostic for cGVHD was analyzed and showed significantly lower levels of BAFF and CXCL10 in patients with persistent cGVHD. In conclusion, standardly accepted clinical measures of disease severity may not accurately reflect disease activity in patients with persistent cGVHD. However, many patients with persistent cGVHD are still receiving systemic immunosuppression despite lacking evidence of disease activity. Development of reliable clinical biomarkers of cGVHD activity may help guide future systemic treatments.
Professional development and lifelong learning: the impact of physical therapy residency training in Kenya.

Introduction: To assist with the professional development of physical therapists in Kenya, a post-graduate residency program was developed and implemented in the country.Purpose: The purpose of thi...
Beyond Stevin and Galileo: Seventeenth Century Hydrostatics in the Jesuit Class of the Sphere

In the first half of the seventeenth-century, philosophers and mathematicians were still trying to solve important questions on hydrostatics, like the existence of vacuum, the cohesion of matter, and pressure. Mathematicians like Simon Stevin and Galileo Galilei made contributions to these problems that became standard in the field. But Jesuit mathematicians in Portugal also provided solutions, albeit different ones. For instance, the Italian Jesuit Giovanni Paolo Lembo (1570–1618) explored the existence of vacuum and the Flemish Hendrick Uwens (1618–1667) mentioned the moment of speed in fluids to explain the hydrostatic paradox in the classes that they taught in Lisbon. This paper explores these answers to illustrate specific features of the Jesuit teaching of mathematics in early modern Lisbon. As the teaching of mathematics in seventeenth-century Portugal was centred in this school, this research is a much-needed survey of the teaching of hydrostatics in the country at that time.
Evaluating the Efficiency of OpenMP Tasking for Unbalanced Computation on Diverse CPU Architectures.

In the decade since support for task parallelism was incorporated into OpenMP, its use has remained limited in part due to concerns about its performance and scalability. This paper revisits a study from the early days of OpenMP tasking that used the Unbalanced Tree Search (UTS) benchmark as a stress test to gauge implementation efficiency. The present UTS study includes both Clang/LLVM and vendor OpenMP implementations on four different architectures. We measure parallel efficiency to examine each implementation’s performance in response to varying task granularity. We find that most implementations achieve over 90% efficiency using all available cores for tasks of O(100k) instructions, and the best even manage tasks of O(10k) instructions well.
Ultraviolet irradiation alters the density of inner mitochondrial membrane and proportion of inter-mitochondrial junctions in copepod myocytes.

Abstract The efficient production of energy via oxidative phosphorylation is essential to the growth, survival, and reproduction of eukaryotes. The behavior (position of, and communication between, mitochondria) and morphology of mitochondria play key roles in efficient energy production and are influenced by oxidative stressors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We tested the hypothesis that mitochondria change their behavior and morphology to meet energetic demands of responding to changes in oxidative stress. Specifically, we predicted that UV irradiation would increase the density of inner mitochondrial membrane and proportion of inter-mitochondrial junctions to influence whole-animal metabolic rate. Using transmission electron microscopy, we found that both three and six hours of UV-A/B irradiation (0.5 W/m2) increased the proportion of inter-mitochondrial junctions (with increasing mitochondrial aspect ratio) and the density of inner mitochondrial membrane in myocytes of Tigriopus californicus copepods. Mitochondrial density increased following both irradiation treatments, but mitochondrial size decreased under the six hour treatment. Metabolic rate was maintained under three hours of irradiation but decreased following six hours of exposure. These observations demonstrate that the density of inner mitochondrial membrane and proportion of inter-mitochondrial junctions can play formative roles in maintaining whole-animal metabolic rate, and ultimately organismal performance, under exposure to an oxidative stressor.
Building theories on top of, and not independent of, statistical models: The case of the p-factor.

Eiko Fried (this issue) outlines several ways in which factor and network models do not bear on the theories they purport to test. He argues, in turn, that there is a major inferential gap between ...
Blind Image Denoising and Inpainting Using Robust Hadamard Autoencoders.

In this paper, we demonstrate how deep autoencoders can be generalized to the case of inpainting and denoising, even when no clean training data is available. In particular, we show how neural networks can be trained to perform all of these tasks simultaneously. While, deep autoencoders implemented by way of neural networks have demonstrated potential for denoising and anomaly detection, standard autoencoders have the drawback that they require access to clean data for training. However, recent work in Robust Deep Autoencoders (RDAEs) shows how autoencoders can be trained to eliminate outliers and noise in a dataset without access to any clean training data. Inspired by this work, we extend RDAEs to the case where data are not only noisy and have outliers, but also only partially observed. Moreover, the dataset we train the neural network on has the properties that all entries have noise, some entries are corrupted by large mistakes, and many entries are not even known. Given such an algorithm, many standard tasks, such as denoising, image inpainting, and unobserved entry imputation can all be accomplished simultaneously within the same framework. Herein we demonstrate these techniques on standard machine learning tasks, such as image inpainting and denoising for the MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets. However, these approaches are not only applicable to image processing problems, but also have wide ranging impacts on datasets arising from real-world problems, such as manufacturing and network processing, where noisy, partially observed data naturally arise.
Environmentally relevant developmental methylmercury exposures alter neuronal differentiation in a human-induced pluripotent stem cell model

Abstract Developmental methylmercury (MeHg) exposure selectively targets the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, as seen by disruption of cytoarchitecture and glutamatergic (GLUergic) neuron hypoplasia. To begin to understand the mechanisms of this loss of GLUergic neurons, we aimed to develop a model of developmental MeHg neurotoxicity in human-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiating into cortical GLUergic neurons. Three dosing paradigms at 0.1 μM and 1.0 μM MeHg, which span different stages of neurodevelopment and reflect toxicologically relevant accumulation levels seen in human studies and mammalian models, were established. With these exposure paradigms, no changes were seen in commonly studied endpoints of MeHg toxicity, including viability, proliferation, and glutathione levels. However, MeHg exposure induced changes in mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis and in markers of neuronal differentiation. Our novel data suggests that GLUergic neuron hypoplasia seen with MeHg toxicity may be due to the partial inhibition of neuronal differentiation, given the increased expression of the early dorsal forebrain marker FOXG1 and corresponding decrease in expression on neuronal markers MAP2 and DCX and the deep layer cortical neuronal marker TBR1. Future studies should examine the persistent and latent functional effects of this MeHg-induced disruption of neuronal differentiation as well as transcriptomic and metabolomic alterations that may mediate MeHg toxicity.
Come and see Guatemala at Macy’s! Indigenous aesthetics and informal empire on display in the heart of the American home

During the 1920s and 1930s, a new wave of mass consumer culture swept through the United States, fueling a fad for modern and exotic objects to display at home. Department stores stuffed their mass...
Chapter 1.3 Gene targeted animals with alterations in corticotropin pathways: new insights into allostatic control

Abstract The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family constitutes a primary system that mediates adaptive neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress, a process known as allostasis. Genetically engineered mice provide a powerful tool for dissection of corticotropin pathways. A collection of models have been generated that harbor specific alterations in ligands, receptors, and the binding protein. In this review, we describe prominent neuroendocrine and behavioral features of these genetic mouse models that have led to new insights of allostatic regulation and associated pathology.
Surface symmetries and $PSL_2(p)$

We classify, up to conjugacy, all orientation-preserving actions of PSL 2 (p) on closed connected orientable surfaces with spherical quotients. This classification is valid in the topological, PL, smooth, conformal, geometric and algebraic categories and is related to the Inverse Galois Problem.
Development of the BIOLOG substrate utilization system for identification of Legionella spp.

The genus Legionella consists of 51 serogroups comprising 34 species. Biochemical reactions and cell wall fatty acid and quinone analyses may confirm that an isolate is a Legionella sp. and indicate to which species it belongs, but DNA hybridization studies have been necessary for a definitive identification. Recently, the commercially available BIOLOG identification system has offered a standardized, easily reproducible system of substrate metabolism by bacteria resuspended in multiwell plates. A tetrazolium dye acts as an electron acceptor during the oxidation of the wide range of substrates and forms an irreversible, highly colored formazan when reduced. The 95 substrate wells are read rapidly with a conventional plate reader, and the results are downloaded for comparison with a computer data base, allowing quick identification. The BIOLOG system9s ability to test more diverse classes of substrates, including amino acids, peptides, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates, was used in this study to establish a new data base and identify the asaccharolytic Legionella spp. In particular, Legionella pneumophila behaved as a microaerophile, and the fastest, most diverse metabolic activities occurred after the development of a low-oxygen incubation environment. Alternatively, bacteria could be successfully incubated in air when their concentration was double that recommended by the manufacturer. Similar results were obtained by using either Page9s amoebal saline or distilled water as the resuspending and incubation medium. Type strains did not cross-identify with any of the strains already in the manufacturer9s data base. The results indicate that this modified system has value in being able to identify Legionella isolates to the species level.
Helen Hall and the Settlement House Movement's Response to Unemployment

Abstract This paper explores the role played by the National Federation of Settlements (NFS) in the 1920s and 1930s in response to the unemployment crisis experienced by the U.S. worker. It specifically reviews and analyzes the 1928 Unemployment Study and Helen Hall's work on behalf of the NFS. The model of community outreach practiced by the settlement houses and how they mobilized to help the unemployed is underscored.
Ultrastructure of the Membrane System in Lactobacillus plantarum

Electron microscopic study of Lactobacillus plantarum revealed mesosomes in different stages of maturation and structural relation with other cell organelles. Small, immature mesosomes were bounded by a prominent electron-dense layer with another extremely faint layer on the outside. This corresponds to the appearance of the cytoplasmic membrane. Large mature mesosomes were surrounded by a triple-layered unit membrane having electron-opaque layers of approximately equal density, suggesting that the composition of the boundary membrane alters during development of this structure. Three-dimensional observations derived from serial sections indicated that mesosomes always maintain a connection between the cytoplasmic membrane and the comparable layers of their boundary. The cytoplasmic membrane also consisted of a triple-layered unit membrane, the innermost layer of which was less electron-opaque and was usually hidden by the relatively dense background of the cytoplasm. The innermost layer of the cytoplasmic membrane was most clearly seen in plasmolyzed cells. Only mature mesosomes made distinct contacts with, or were partially immersed in, the nucleoplasm. The boundary of such mesosomes frequently seemed to be discontinuous, suggesting that the mesosome interior was in direct contact with the nucleoplasm. Mesosomes involved in cross-wall formation at a division plane increased in size and passed through a sequence of positions which led ultimately to an association with the nucleoplasms of the daughter cells. The inner surface of the cell wall was lined by a thin, electron-dense layer whose composition and function are unknown. Under the cultural conditions used, this organism regularly contained a polyphosphate granule.
Multiinstitutional phase II trial of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and concurrent radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSECombined modality therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has produced promising results. A multiinstitutional phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the activity and toxicity of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and concurrent radiation therapy on patients with locally advanced NSCLC.PATIENTS AND METHODSForty previously untreated patients with inoperable locally advanced NSCLC entered onto a phase II study from March 1995 to December 1996. On an outpatient basis for 7 weeks, patients received paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 weekly over 1 hour; carboplatin at (area under the curve) AUC 2 weekly; and radiation therapy of 66 Gy in 33 fractions. After chemoradiation therapy, patients received an additional two cycles of paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 over 3 hours and carboplatin at AUC 6 every 3 weeks.RESULTSThirty-nine patients were eligible for the study. The survival rates at 12 months were 56.3%, and at 24 months, 38.3%, with a median overall survival of 20.5 months. The progression-free survival rates at 12 m...