cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Need for an Increased Emphasis on Health and Aging in Public Health Education

Abstract To assess the adequacy of training in public health and aging, all accredited schools of public health, as well as other departments offering a Masters in Public Health degree, were surveyed. Results suggest that the current scope and quantity of training in public health and aging is inadequate, except for in a few schools of public health. Barriers and facilitators, such as finances, were similar for all institutions. The lack of appropriately trained faculty was a problem, particularly for institutions with no health and aging courses. A relatively small number of public health graduate students take courses in health and aging. In contrast, there are thousands of public, nonprofit, and private agencies that could use public health professionals with such education. It is concluded that the modest scope of health and aging course work and the small number of students in those courses does not come close to meeting the need for knowledgeable public health and aging practitioners.
A unique membrane protein is expressed on early developing limbic system axons and cortical targets

The limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP) is a 64 kDa protein that, in the adult brain, is present in cortical and subcortical regions comprising the limbic system (Levitt, 1984). The developmental expression of LAMP was studied in fetal rat brains to determine the specific patterns of distribution and the cellular elements that exhibit LAMP immunoreactivity. Light microscopic immunocytochemical analysis revealed that LAMP is expressed on neurons and their growing axons early in fetal development, at a time coincident with pathway formation and differentiation of limbic system nuclei. In the forebrain, where limbic system structures are heavily concentrated, immunoreactivity appears on subpopulations of axons in a temporal sequence that correlates with the time of formation of pathways carrying limbic system axons. Thus, staining is evident first at embryonic day (E) 15 on fibers within the internal capsule coursing from the diencephalon to cortex. LAMP immunoreactivity appears over the next 3 d in the anterior commissure, fornix, and corpus callosum. Ultrastructural immunocytochemical analysis reveals dense surface staining of fascicles of developing axons and growth cones. The axonal staining is transient, disappearing during the second postnatal week of development. In cerebral cortex, cells in presumptive limbic cortical regions such as lateral perirhinal sulcal cortex and prefrontal cortex are LAMP immunoreactive from the inception of the cortical plate. These cortical regions are clearly delineated from surrounding unstained nonlimbic areas as early as E15. Thus, LAMP expression in the cortex may represent one of the earliest markers of specific cytoarchitectonic areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Climate data initiative

Curation is traditionally defined as the process of collecting and organizing information around a common subject matter or a topic of interest and typically occurs in museums, art galleries, and libraries. The task of organizing data around specific topics or themes is a vibrant and growing effort in the biological sciences but to date this effort has not been actively pursued in the Earth sciences. In this paper, we introduce the concept of geocuration and define it as the act of searching, selecting, and synthesizing Earth science data/metadata and information from across disciplines and repositories into a single, cohesive, and useful collection. We present the Climate Data Initiative (CDI) project as a prototypical example. The CDI project is a systematic effort to manually curate and share openly available climate data from various federal agencies. CDI is a broad multi-agency effort of the U.S. government and seeks to leverage the extensive existing federal climate-relevant data to stimulate innovation and private-sector entrepreneurship to support national climate-change preparedness. We describe the geocuration process used in the CDI project, lessons learned, and suggestions to improve similar geocuration efforts in the future.
Cyclization of an alkene-bearing cyclopentanone: The role of rhodium and Brønsted acid

Abstract The cyclization of an alkene-bearing cyclopentanone to a [2.2.1]-norcamphor ring system is described. The reaction is catalyzed by a combination of rhodium and Bronsted acid. Control experiments indicate that both are needed for acceptable yield. Control experiments with bulky base additives show that rhodium promotes alkene isomerization, likely the first step of this cascade reaction, and that rhodium alone does not promote cyclization. Cyclization is promoted by Bronsted acid in a Prins-type cyclization and carbocation rearrangement process. Trace Bronsted acid present in commercial samples of Rh(cod)2OTf is likely responsible for the observed reaction. Indeed, the norcamphor product can be obtained simply with strong acid, presumably initiated by acid-promoted alkene isomerization. Since our initial motivation for this work was the development of rhodium catalysts for the activation of C–C bonds adjacent to ketones, this communication serves to identify other, perhaps less obvious, pathways for the reactions of unsaturated ketone compounds by the action of rhodium catalysts.
Phosphorylation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor is increased in the nucleus accumbens during both acute and extended morphine withdrawal

Opioid withdrawal causes a dysphoric state that can lead to complications in pain patients and can propagate use in drug abusers and addicts. Opioid withdrawal changes the activity of neurons in the nucleus accumbens, an area rich in both opioid-binding mu opioid receptors and glutamate-binding NMDA receptors. Because the accumbens is an area important for reward and aversion, plastic changes in this area during withdrawal could alter future behaviors in animals. We discovered an increase in phosphorylation of serine 897 in the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (pNR1) during acute morphine withdrawal. This serine can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) and dephosphorylated by calcineurin. We next demonstrated that this increased pNR1 change is associated with an increase in NR1 surface expression. NR1 surface expression and pNR1 levels during acute withdrawal were both reduced by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine hydrogen maleate) and the PKA inhibitor H-89(N-[2-[[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenyl]amino]ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride hydrate). We also found that pNR1 levels remained high after an extended morphine withdrawal period of 2 months, correlated with reward-seeking behavior for palatable food, and were associated with a decrease in accumbal calcineurin levels. These data suggest that NR1 phosphorylation changes during the acute withdrawal phase can be long lasting and may reflect a permanent change in NMDA receptors in the accumbens. These altered NMDA receptors in the accumbens could play a role in long-lasting behaviors associated with reward and opioid use.
Neutron Resonance Parameters of Ag 109

The transmission of a thick sample of 99.2% ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{109}$ has been measured for incident neutron energies from 20 keV to 30 eV. The total cross section from 320 to 30 eV has been fitted in detail with the Breit-Wigner single-level parameters for 15 resonances in this energy region. An acceptable fit was obtained for a common radiation width of 120\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 meV and a radius parameter ${R}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ of (0.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ cm. From the average cross section in the keV region a neutron strength function of (0.54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ was obtained.
Maysin Content and Growth of Corn Earworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Silks from First and Second Ears of Corn

Silks of selected corn, Zea mays L., genotypes from the first or second ears and silks regrown for 1 or 2 d after cutting were evaluated for maysin content and for antibiosis responses from the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Corn earworm neonates that were fed diets of silks from the first ears weighed significantly less than larvae that were fed diets of silks from the second ears. Maysin concentration was generally higher in silks from the first ears than in silks from the second ears. In general, silks regrown for 1 or 2 d after an initial cutting produced larger larvae at 8 d than those fed on silk diets from the initial cutting. Maysin contents also were lower in silks regrown for 1 or 2 d after cutting than were maysin concentrations in silks from the initial emergence. Relative weights of larvae and maysin content were consistent among genotypes, whether the silks were from the first or second ears. This was especially true for silks of the genotypes such as ‘PI340856’, which has a high level of antibiosis. ‘PI340856’ followed the pattern described above by producing significantly larger larvae and a lower maysin content from regrown silks than from silks from the initial cutting. However, larvae were still quite small, and the maysin concentration was high for regrown silks of ‘PI340856’ compared with regrown silks of other resistant materials. Larvae were especially small when compared with weight of larvae that were fed on regrown silks of more susceptible genotypes. These results suggest that silks for bioassay or breeding purposes could be used from first and second ears or regrown silks of genotypes with high levels of antibiosis.
Chemical Nature of the Thin Films that Form on SiO2/Si(100) Surfaces Upon Manganese Deposition

There has been much interest in recent years in the use of manganese for the self-formation of diffusion barriers to prevent the electromigration of copper interconnects into the underlying silicon substrate during microelectronic fabrication. However, the films resulting from the deposition of manganese on silicon wafers, which are covered by a thin native silicon dioxide layer, are complex and have not been fully characterized to date. Here we report on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies on the nature of films prepared by chemical means using methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl as the precursor. It was found that at the temperatures typically used for deposition, between approximately 550 and 750 K, a manganese silicate layer grows first upon reaction with the top SiO2 surface, and a thin manganese silicide film develops latter at the SiO2/Si(100) interface. The performance of these structures, of the silicide in particular, in microelectronic applications is still to be determined.
Formation yields of C8 1,4-hydroxycarbonyls from OH + n-octane in the presence of NO.

1,4-Hydroxycarbonyls are major products of the OH radical-initiated reactions of ≥C5n-alkanes in the presence of NO. However, because of a lack of commercially available standards of 1,4-hydroxycarbonyls and difficulties in using gas chromatography for their analysis without prior derivatization, quantification of 1,4-hydroxycarbonyls in OH + alkane reactions has proven difficult. We have used an annular denuder coated with XAD resin and further coated with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine for in situ derivatization of the 1,4-hydroxycarbonyls formed from the OH + n-octane reaction in the presence of NO. Quantification was achieved by using 2,5-hexanedione as an internal standard. Formation yields for (7-hydroxy-4-octanone + 6-hydroxy-3-octanone + 5-hydroxy-2-octanone) and of 4-hydroxyoctanal of 61 ± 11% and 2.1 ± 0.5%, respectively, were obtained. When combined with previously measured or estimated formation yields for octyl nitrates and hydroxyoctyl nitrates, 93 ± 15% of the overall reaction...
Topic Avoidance, Goal Understanding, and Relational Perceptions: Experimental Evidence:

Much research demonstrates an inverse correlation between topic avoidance (or aspects of avoidance) and relational perceptions, such as satisfaction. These data are almost always correlational, which does not afford causal conclusions despite statistical techniques that simulate causality. We present experimental data (using a scenario method) that examine two constructs involved in topic avoidance—avoided topics and inferred goals that precipitate topic avoidance—and their effects on the relational perceptions of satisfaction, hurt, and distance in the context of friendship. Both topics and inferred goals led to changes in perceptions of the friendship. Specifically, participants who inferred that their friend avoided a topic for self-protection goals reported lower levels of satisfaction and higher levels of hurt and distance than those who inferred relationship-protection goals. This difference was especially true for the relationship-issue topic.
On the Effect of Immunifaction for HBV Vaccine

Objective:To realize the positive rate of protective antibody(anti-HBs) and the infective rate of HBV in the population after vaccination of HBV vaccine,and to evaluate the effect of HBV vaccine since the introduction of children planning immunity project in 1992 in China and the effect of the Ministry of Health/globle vaccine alliance cooperation project started in 2002.Methods:4ml vein blood from investigation objects was collected,the samples of which were detected by means of ELISA in the institute of virus of Chinese CDC.HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected firstly.In addition,HBeAg and anti-HBe were detected further if the sample was positive of HBsAg.According to the time of HBV vaccine dissemination the population was divided into the following groups: 69 persons aged 1～4 age,89 persons aged 5～14 age and 157 persons aged 15～59.Finally,the detected results were analyzed.Conclusions:The utilization of HBV vaccine and HBV vaccine adopted in the children planning immunity project can raise the immunity level of the whole population,and besides,it has a significant result for infants to prevent the infection of HBV.
Contribution of foodservice programs in preschool centers to children's nutritional needs

The nutritional value of foods served to preschoolers at day care centers and at home was calculated to determine the worth of USDA-subsidized foodservice programs at such centers.
Assessing Communication in Children with Psychiatric and Communication Disorders

This article presents issues related to the communication assessment of children with psychiatric and communication disorders. Challenges inherent in assessing this population are discussed. Frequently used assessment instruments and procedures are described. Consideration is given to the assessment of very young or low-functioning children and older or high-functioning children.
P-036 posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations: increased prevalence and risk of associated aneurysms

Introduction Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are considered higher risk, reported by some to be due to the enclosed space and highly eloquent functional areas contained therein, despite often smaller hematoma volumes after rupture. Associated aneurysms engender a higher risk of poor outcome as well. We suggest that posterior fossa malformations are also more prone to associated aneurysms, specifically feeder vessel aneurysms, leading to a higher risk of hemorrhage and poor outcome. Methods A retrospective review ofAVMs evaluated at our institution was performed with attention paid to locationand presence of aneurysms, designated as a feeder vessel aneurysm, intranidalaneurysm, or both. The hemorrhage status and origin of the hemorrhage was alsoreviewed. Results A total of 570 AVMs wereanalyzed, with a total of 162 associated aneurysms identified (284 ruptured).90 AVMs were located in the posterior fossa, including cerebellar and brainstemlocations. 34 of those malformations (37.8%) had aneurysms: 29 with at leastone feeder vessel aneurysm, 3 with intranidal aneurysms, and 2 malformationswith both. Of the 480 supratentorial AVMs, 126 (26.2%) harbored aneurysms: 82with feeder aneurysms, 37 with intranidal and 7 with both. The overallincidence of aneurysms was appreciably higher in posterior fossa AVMs. Thisassociation was most pronounced for feeder aneurysms, which were evident in34.4% of infratentorial AVMs compared to 18.5% of supratentorial malformations(P When evaluating for rupturesite, 18 hemorrhages in the posterior fossa could be attributed to a feederaneurysm, yielding at least a 58% rupture rate for those aneurysms, andaccountable for 30% of ruptures amongst infratentorial AVMs. In comparison, 17supratentorial hemorrhages could be attributed to a feeder aneurysm, yielding a19% aneurysm rupture rate, and accounting for 7.6% of total supratentorial AVMhemorrhages (p Conclusion Posterior fossa AVMs aremore prone to developing associated aneurysms, specifically feeder vesselaneurysms. Feeder vessel aneurysms are also more likely to be the source ofhemorrhage in the posterior fossa, contributing to the increased morbidity andmortality of these malformations. These high risk features may be appropriatetargets for initial and prompt control by embolization or surgery due to theirelevated threat. Disclosures J. Orning:None. S. Amin-Hanjani: None. Y. Hamade: None. X. Du: None. V. Aletich: None. F.Charbel: None. A. Alaraj: None.
MRI in Congenital Facial Palsy

Magnetic resonance (MR) findings in a 12-month-old boy with congenital unilateral facial palsy and a 9-month-old girl with atypical Moebius syndrome are reported from the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
All in the family: The link between kin network bridging and cardiovascular risk among older adults

While considerable work has examined the association between social relationships and health, most of this research focuses on the relevance of social network composition and the quality of dyadic ties. In this study, I consider how the social network structure of ties among older adults' close family members may affect cardiovascular health in later life. Using data from 938 older adults that participated in Waves 1 and 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), I test whether older adults who occupy bridging positions among otherwise disconnected or poorly connected kin in their personal social network are more likely to present elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker for cardiovascular risk. Results indicate that occupying a bridging position among family members is significantly associated with elevated CRP. This effect is unique to bridging kin network members. These findings suggest that ties among one's closest kin may generate important resources and norms that influence older adults' health, such that bridging kin network members may compromise physical wellbeing. I discuss these results in the context of prior work on social support, family solidarity, and health in later life.
The convergence of self-tuning feedback control for linear stochastic systems

We consider adaptive control of linear stochastic systems, i.e., the control of unknown linear systems subject to stochastic disturbances whose spectra are also unknown. We examine the basic convergence issues, including the convergence of adaptive controllers and parameter estimates as well as the convergence of input and output. Despite over a decade of effort, previous works in this area are very much fragmented. Relatively complete convergence results are available only for adaptive minimum variance control of unit delay systems.
Carcass Age and Reproductive Costs for Nicrophorus orbicollis (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

The life history costs of living in microbially dense environments can be high. To assess the importance of these costs for natural selection, it is necessary to know how costs vary with environmental conditions. Adult burying beetles prepare vertebrate carcasses of varying age and states of deterioration as a resource for their young. In the present study, Nicrophorus orbicollis Say females were presented with either fresh or aged (80 h) large carcasses (30-39 g) to examine effects on their lifetime reproductive success (four reproductive attempts) and survival. Reproductive success and survival were also measured for female offspring that developed on fresh and aged carcasses. Carcass age had no measurable effect on lifetime reproductive output or life span of either parents or their adult offspring. In a separate experiment using medium-sized carcasses (22-24 g), the reproductive performance of females in a single reproductive attempt was negatively affected by carcass age (13.9% less brood mass). The results suggest that the costs of using a single older carcass are relatively minor when measured over a lifetime. Alternative costs of using older carcasses and explanations for the complex antimicrobial traits of burying beetles are discussed.
Modeling of fracture behavior in polymer composites using concurrent multi-scale coupling approach

Embedded statistical coupling method was originally developed to provide computational efficiency, to decrease coupling complexities, and to avoid the need to discretize the continuum model to atom...
Fabrication Process Flows for Implementation of Piezoelectric MEMS Resonators

Since the first demonstration of thin-film piezoelectric resonators [1], high performance MEMS devices including low insertion-loss resonators and filters [2, 3], small form factor energy harvesters [4], large-force actuators [5], and highly sensitive resonant sensors [6–8] have been successfully demonstrated using piezoelectric materials such as AlN, ZnO, and PZT. Thin film AlN has been of great interest mainly due to the high quality of its film growth and CMOS compatibility, as well as well-developed process recipes. The processing advantages in addition to the superior piezoelectric and acoustic properties of AlN, including large wave propagation velocity [9] and low thermoacoustic dissipation [10], have made it a popular choice for piezoelectric transduction of MEMS resonant devices.
Providing cardiothoracic services in 2035: Signs of trouble ahead.

Abstract Objective As the population ages, we will present the reality around being able to meet the health care needs of our population. In particular, we will present that providing cardiothoracic services in 2035 with a shortage of surgeons and an unknown caseload may be an impossibility. Methods By using data from the American Board of Thoracic Surgery, we estimate that in 2010, 4000 cardiothoracic surgeons performed more than 530,000 cases. Additionally, cardiothoracic residency programs train and certify on average 90 new surgeons every year. To estimate the number of cases for 2035, we consulted the Census Bureau figures for 2010 and population projections for 2035. We then estimated the expected caseload for cardiothoracic surgeons relative to heart surgery, as well as lung and esophageal surgery. We found that among 2010 cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States, they completed more than 530,000 cases. Results We project that by 2035 there will be 853,912 cases to perform, representing an increase from 2010 to 2035 of approximately 61% nationally. The cases per surgeon, per year, in 2010 averaged 135 for almost each of the 4000 surgeons. In 2035, the average caseload per surgeon will be 299 cases, representing an increase of 121% for the individual surgeon. Conclusions We conclude that by 2035, cardiothoracic surgeons will be responsible for more than 850,000 patients requiring surgery. This represents a 61% increase in the national case load and a potential for a 121% increase for each cardiothoracic surgeon. We believe this is not feasible and a sign of trouble ahead.
Wife, Whore, or Dutchwoman: Shifting Female Roles in The London Prodigal

The anonymous play The London Prodigal (1603-4) stages a city in which foreigners mix easily with English characters and in which a wife disguised as a Dutch servant enables the comic return of the prodigal husband. Though critics interested in stage Dutchwomen have focused mostly John Marston's Dutch courtesan, this essay explores a more benign stage representation of a Dutchwoman. Becoming a Dutchwoman in service, the scorned bride Luce can temporarily shift into a liminal space between maidenhood and marriage, between nationalities, and between languages. This shift is made audible by her hybrid speech and visible by her Dutch costume. Though her Dutch disguise allows Luce to wait safely for the return of her errant husband, becoming a Dutchwoman also means that the Englishwoman is always shadowed rhetorically by the possibility of sexual service.
Enhancing Analytical Separations Using Super-Resolution Microscopy

Super-resolution microscopy is becoming an invaluable tool to investigate structure and dynamics driving protein interactions at interfaces. In this review, we highlight the applications of super-resolution microscopy for quantifying the physics and chemistry that occur between target proteins and stationary-phase supports during chromatographic separations. Our discussion concentrates on the newfound ability of super-resolved single-protein spectroscopy to inform theoretical parameters via quantification of adsorption-desorption dynamics, protein unfolding, and nanoconfined transport.
NECK SWELLING AND YEARS OF CONVULSIVE SYNCOPE

Physical examination remains key in evaluation of syncope. A 38 year old female presented with 8 year history of recurrent syncope associated with falls and injuries. Spells had no trigger. She had been on anticonvulsants on the presumption that her spells represented seizures. For years, she had a
Sleep dysfunction following neonatal ischemic seizures are differential by neonatal age of insult as determined by qEEG in a mouse model.

Abstract Neonatal seizures associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) pose a challenge in their acute clinical management and are often followed by long-term neurological consequences. We used a newly characterized CD-1 mouse model of neonatal ischemic seizures associated with age-dependent (P7 vs. P10) seizure severity and phenobarbital efficacy (i.e.; PB-resistant vs. PB-efficacious respectively) following unilateral carotid ligation. The long-term consequences following untreated neonatal seizures in P7 vs. P10 ligated pups were investigated using neurobehavioral testing, 24 h v- quantitative EEG -EMG (qEEG, qEMG), and western blot analyses in adult mice. Significant hyperactivity emerged in a small sub-set of mice in both age-groups associated with a failure to habituate during open-field (OF) testing. 24 h continuous qEEGs detected significantly altered sleep architecture due to long-wake cycles in both age-groups. Delta power (0.5–4 Hz) quantification during slow-wave-sleep (SWS) revealed significant SWS compensation in P10 ligates following periods of increased sleep pressure which the P7 ligate group failed to show. Theta/beta ratios deemed as negative correlation markers of attentional control were significantly higher only in the P10 ligates. These results indicate that neonatal age-dependent differences in the characteristics of ischemic neonatal seizures in CD-1 pups differentially modulate long-term outcomes, when evaluated with v-qEEG/EMG as adults.
Ability of Nanomaterials to Effectively Disperse in Asphalt Binders for Use as a Modifier

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the use of nanomaterials to modify asphalt binders and achieve improved properties. It is possible that in some cases nanomaterials do not disperse and agg...
Introduction: A Critique of Minkowski Spacetime

Cosgrove lays out the overall task of the book, which is to subject the concept of Minkowski spacetime in relativity theory to a comprehensive critique from a conceptual and historical perspective. Cosgrove first distinguishes the concept of Minkowski spacetime from other senses of the term spacetime and then highlights the essential role of algebraic representation in the constitution of Minkowski spacetime. Finally, Cosgrove delineates the historical task of “desedimenting” the concept of spacetime by recovering its historically constituted sense-structure.
Multirotor Drone Noise at Static Thrust

A first principles understanding of the sound field produced by multirotor drones in hover is presented. Propeller diameters ranging from 8 to 12 in. are examined and with configurations comprising...
Prothrombin gene mutation uncommon in pulmonary embolism.

Background: Venous thrombosis followed by pulmonary embolism is one of the most common causes of sudden death among middle-aged adults. Several inherited polymorphisms are associated with heightened risk of venous thrombosis, including mutation at position 20210 of the prothrombin gene and mutation at codon 506 of the factor V gene. Methods: We studied mutation prevalence in 67 individuals who died of pulmonary embolism and were autopsied in a medical examiner's facility over a 5-year period. Mutations were identified by polymerase chain reaction followed by allele-specific endonuclease digestion. Results: Traditional risk factors for pulmonary embolism (eg, immobility, oral contraceptive use, cancer) were identified in 75%. Heterozygous mutation of the prothrombin gene was found in 3/67 (4%), and heterozygous mutation of the factor V gene was identified in 3/66 (4%). No homozygotes or compound heterozygotes were identified. The prevalence of mutation was not significantly different from that of the general population. Conclusions: Individuals who die suddenly from pulmonary embolism are not often affected by prothrombin or factor V gene mutations. Therefore, medical examiners need not routinely test for these mutations in individuals who die of pulmonary embolism.
Minimal Access Management of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, accounting for over 33,000 deaths in 2008 [1]. The peak incidence occurs in the seventh and eighth decades [2]. Only approximately 15% of patients have resectable disease at the time of presentation [3] and nearly all patients die from the disease within 7 years of surgery [4, 5], with a median survival of only 6 months in patients with unresectable disease. Surgical resection remains the only hope for cure of this devastating disease.
Gobitis and Barnett: The Flag Salute and the Changing Interpretation of the Constitution

In Minersville School District vs Gobitis (1940) the United States Supreme Court ruled 8 to 1 overturning lower court decisions barring states from implementing compulsory flag salutes. Three years later, the Supreme Court overturned that ruling with a 6 to 3 decision in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943). The cases were nearly identical and argued similarly but had different outcomes. How did the landscape of America change so drastically in a three-year period? First, the Supreme Court did not see a danger in the rise of nationalism in the United States or the social impact the ruling would bring. Second, the violence that followed Gobitis decision caused Jehovah’s Witnesses, a pacifist group that was uninvolved in politics, to become more persistent in utilizing the legal system and more vocal concerning persecution of its members. Finally, the Supreme Court was not the same. A change in justices and a shift in the focus of the Court from economic matters to personal liberties created a different political landscape, when West Virginia State Board of Education vs. Barnett reached the Court in 1943.
Mesoamerican Antecedents of Sikyatki-Style Geometric Patterns on Textiles Depicted in Murals from the American Southwest

This paper uses plane pattern symmetries to describe the structural arrangement of motifs in Sikyatki-style patterns on textiles depicted in fourteenth and fifteenth century AD kiva murals from Awat'ovi and Kawaika'a in Arizona and Pottery Mound in New Mexico. The analysis reveals that these textiles have pattern structures in common with designs on textiles, ceramic artifacts, and architectural decorations in the Postclassic Mixteca-Puebla style. These shared patterns and pattern structures were introduced into the American Southwest woven on fabric structures of textiles brought north from Mesoamerica via trade and migration routes along the Mexican West Coast and through the Sierra Madre.
Occupational Therapists' Perceptions of Online Competence Assessment and Evidence-Based Resources.

OBJECTIVE. This study explored U.S. occupational therapists’ perceptions of online competence assessment and associated evidence-based resources. METHOD. The study used a cross-sectional design with a survey. Respondents were occupational therapists certifying or recertifying with the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy in March 2016. RESULTS. The response rate was 88.6%, with 58.5% indicating they had used the online competence assessment platform. A majority agreed that the platform’s tools helped them identify clinical knowledge (n = 211; 79.9%) and skill needs (n = 160; 60.8%). Of those who obtained copies of the evidence-based resources (n = 98; 45.6%), 72.5% (n = 71) read at least one. Chi-square analysis demonstrated negative relationships between years as an occupational therapist and clinical skills assessment and between highest degree and use of evidence-based practices. CONCLUSION. Online competence assessment assisted participants in identifying competence needs and evidence-based resources for improving clinical knowledge and skills.
Failed larynx preservation and survival in patients with advanced larynx cancer.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the survival benefit of total laryngectomy (TL) after induction chemotherapy in locally advanced laryngeal cancer patients. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study utilizing the National Cancer Database, which captures >80% of newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cases in the United States. We included patients diagnosed with advanced stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2013 (n = 5649) who received either TL (n = 4113; 72.8%) or induction chemotherapy followed by either radiation therapy (n = 1431) or TL (n = 105). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate overall survival. A Cox regression model was computed to examine how the prognostic impact of treatment differed by clinical stage. Results In multivariable analysis, when compared to patients receiving TL alone, those receiving induction chemotherapy followed by TL experienced no significant difference in survival (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.63–1.13), while those receiving induction chemotherapy followed by radiation experienced poorer survival (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.26). Induction chemotherapy followed by TL was associated with improved survival compared to induction chemotherapy and radiation (P = .042). Among patients with T4a tumors, TL (P Conclusions Larynx preservation may be attempted without compromising survival in patients with locally advanced larynx cancer who fail induction chemotherapy and undergo TL.
Topological states on fractal lattices

We investigate the fate of topological states on fractal lattices. Focusing on a spinless chiral $p$-wave paired superconductor, we find that this model supports two qualitatively distinct phases when defined on a Sierpinski gasket. While the trivial phase is characterized by a self-similar spectrum with infinitely many gaps and extended eigenstates, the ``topological'' phase has a gapless spectrum and hosts chiral states propagating along edges of the graph. Besides employing theoretical probes such as the real-space Chern number, inverse participation ratio, and energy-level statistics in the presence of disorder, we develop a simple physical picture capturing the essential features of the model on the gasket. Extending this picture to other fractal lattices and topological states, we show that the $p+ip$ state admits a gapped topological phase on the Sierpinski carpet and that a higher-order topological insulator placed on this lattice hosts gapless modes localized on corners.
PDVocal: Towards Privacy-preserving Parkinson's Disease Detection using Non-speech Body Sounds

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the progressive loss of dopaminergic nerve cells. People with PD usually demonstrate deficits in performing basic daily activities, and the relevant annual social cost can reach about \$25 billion in the United States. Early detection of PD plays an important role in symptom relief and improvement in the performance of activities in daily life (ADL), which eventually reduces societal and economic burden. However, conventional PD detection methods are inconvenient in daily life (\textite.g., requiring users to wear sensors). To overcome this challenge, we propose and identify the non-speech body sounds as the new PD biomarker, and utilize the data in smartphone usage to realize the passive PD detection in daily life without interrupting the user. Specifically, we present PDVocal, an end-to-end smartphone-based privacy-preserving system towards early PD detection. PDVocal can passively recognize the PD digital biomarkers in the voice data during daily phone conversation. At the user end, PDVocal filters the audio stream and only extracts the non-speech body sounds (\textite.g., breathing, clearing throat and swallowing) which contain no privacy-sensitive content. At the cloud end, PDVocal analyzes the body sounds of interest and assesses the health condition using a customized residual network. For the sake of reliability in real-world PD detection, we investigate the method of the performance optimizer including an opportunistic learning knob and a long-term tracking protocol. We evaluate our proposed PDVocal on a collected dataset from 890 participants and real-life conversations from publicly available data sources. Results indicate that non-speech body sounds are a promising digital biomarker for privacy-preserving PD detection in daily life.
An Examination of the Effects of Consumption Expenditures on Life Satisfaction in Australia

This paper studies how consumption expenditures, especially spending on certain types of goods and services, affect people’s life satisfaction. The results demonstrate that conspicuous (i.e., visible and positional) spending increases life satisfaction. The analysis suggests that it is one’s conspicuous consumption expenditures relative to those of other households in one’s reference group that really matter. In contrast, savings and spending on basic goods and services, the less visible components of income, do not contribute to life satisfaction. This paper also evaluates the often-discussed relationship between income and life satisfaction, finding that the relationship is largely driven by conspicuous spending. Evidence of relationship heterogeneity across income groups is presented: conspicuous consumption expenditures have a positive influence on life satisfaction for individuals in all income groups; basic consumption expenditures, however, have a negative influence for people in the lowest income quartile. The findings of this paper underscore the importance of social comparisons to people’s well-being and imply that interdependence should be modeled in utility functions. The results are based on the Arellano–Bond generalized method of moments estimation, which controls for bias from unobserved individual heterogeneity and endogenous variables. The data come from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (2006–2010).
Does Neutral Affect Exist? How Challenging Three Beliefs About Neutral Affect Can Advance Affective Research

Researchers interested in affect have often questioned the existence of neutral affective states. In this paper, we review and challenge three beliefs that researchers might hold about neutral affect. These beliefs are: (1) it is not possible to feel neutral because people are always feeling something, (2) neutrality is not an affective state because affect must be positively or negatively valenced, and (3) neutral affect is unimportant because it does not influence cognition or behavior. We review the reasons these beliefs might exist and provide empirical evidence that questions them. Specifically, we argue that neutral affect is a felt experience that provides important valence-relevant information, which influences cognition and behavior. By dispelling these beliefs about neutral affect, we hope to shine a light on the assumptions that researchers hold about the nature of affect and to provide novel theoretical and methodological perspectives that help advance our understanding of the affective landscape.
Plant Collections Online: Using Digital Herbaria in Biology Teaching.

Herbaria are collections of preserved plants specimens, some of which date back to the 16th century. They are essential to botanical research, especially in systematics. They can also be important historical documents. The collections of Lewis and Clark, Carolus Linnaeus, and Charles Darwin, to name a few, are primary sources for the study of these individuals’ work. Now many of these herbarium specimens are being scanned and the images are freely available on the Web. This article deals with how these online collections may be used in teaching about biology and its history. It will highlight the JSTOR Plant Science project which is making available electronically about two million plant specimens, many historically significant, as well as the entire runs of important plant journals. In addition, it will discuss other valuable online resources including how links to social media can bring the history of botany to 21st-century students.
Corrections to “Accurate Ambulatory Gait Analysis in Walking and Running Using Machine Learning Models”

In the above article [1] , references in Tables VI and VII are incorrect. The correct references are shown in the tables here.
Looking at the bigger picture: Identifying the photoproducts of pyruvic acid at 193 nm.

Photodissociation of pyruvic acid (PA) was studied in the gas-phase at 193 nm using two complementary techniques. The time-sliced velocity map imaging arrangement was used to determine kinetic energy release distributions of fragments and estimate dissociation timescales. The multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometer setup was used to identify and quantify photoproducts, including isomers and free radicals, by their mass-to-charge ratios, photoionization spectra, and kinetic time profiles. Using these two techniques, it is possible to observe the major dissociation products of PA photodissociation: CO2, CO, H, OH, HCO, CH2CO, CH3CO, and CH3. Acetaldehyde and vinyl alcohol are minor primary photoproducts at 193 nm, but products that are known to arise from their unimolecular dissociation, such as HCO, H2CO, and CH4, are identified and quantified. A multivariate analysis that takes into account the yields of the observed products and assumes a set of feasible primary dissociation reactions provides a reasonable description of the photoinitiated chemistry of PA despite the necessary simplifications caused by the complexity of the dissociation. These experiments offer the first comprehensive description of the dissociation pathways of PA initiated on the S3 excited state. Most of the observed products and yields are rationalized on the basis of three reaction mechanisms: (i) decarboxylation terminating in CO2 + other primary products (∼50%); (ii) Norrish type I dissociation typical of carbonyls (∼30%); and (iii) O—H and C—H bond fission reactions generating the H atom (∼10%). The analysis shows that most of the dissociation reactions create more than two products. This observation is not surprising considering the high excitation energy (∼51 800 cm−1) and fairly low energy required for dissociation of PA. We find that two-body fragmentation processes yielding CO2 are minor, and the expected, unstable primary co-fragment, methylhydroxycarbene, is not observed because it probably undergoes fast secondary dissociation and/or isomerization. Norrish type I dissociation pathways generate OH and only small yields of CH3CO and HOCO, which have low dissociation energies and further decompose via three-body fragmentation processes. Experiments with d1-PA (CH3COCOOD) support the interpretations. The dissociation on S3 is fast, as indicated by the products’ recoil angular anisotropy, but the roles of internal conversion and intersystem crossing to lower states are yet to be determined.
Direct oral anticoagulant use in left ventricular thrombus.

Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is associated with a significant risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and peripheral embolization. Societal guidelines recommend the use of warfarin, with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) only for patients unable to tolerate warfarin. We studied the natural history of LVT with anticoagulation (AC) with emphasis on comparing warfarin and DOAC use. In this single center study, we identified patients with a confirmed LVT. Type and duration of anticoagulation, INR levels and clinical outcomes (bleeding, ischemic stroke or peripheral embolization, and thrombus resolution) were recorded. LVT was confirmed in a total of 110 patients. Mean age was 59 + 14 years. 79% were men. Underlying etiology was chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy in 58%, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in 23%. AC was started in 96 (87%) patients. At 1 year follow up, 11 patients (10%) had a stroke while on any AC (2 had hemorrhagic stroke and 9 had IS). Of those with IS, 7 were on warfarin (71% of those had subtherapeutic INR) and 2 patients on DOACs had IS. The 1-year risk of any stroke was 15% in warfarin group (12% risk of ischemic stroke) compared to 6% in the DOACs group (p = 0.33). 37 (63%) patients on warfarin and 18 (53%) on DOACs had resolution of thrombus (p = 0.85). One-year risk of stroke with LVT is high (10%) even with AC. Most patients IS on warfarin had subtherapeutic INR. There was no statistical difference in stroke risk or rate of thrombus resolution between warfarin and DOACs treated patients.