cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
KI and imidazole inhibition of TSH and c-AMP induced thyroidal iodine secretion.

We have previously reported that KI inhibits TSH-induced release of radioiodine (McKenzie TSH bioassay method) by 60%. In this investigation the action of KI was studied on c-AMP induced iodine release. A 55% inhibition was found. The results indicate that KI inhibits thyroidal iodine release at a step further than c-AMP formation. When imidazole was injected 20 min before the intravenous administration of TSH, a 50 % inhibition of the response in the McKenzie assay was observed. This drug failed to affect TSH-induced release of radioiodine when given 20 min after the iv injection of hormone, indicating that the triggering effect of the hormone is rapid. Although imidazole is known to increase phosphodiesterase activity and block c-AMP action in some tissues, we could not demonstrate this action in mouse thyroid homogenates. Similar inhibition of TSH action was observed when methylmercaptoimidazole, thiouracil, or thiourea was administered 20 min before TSH. The mechanism of the shortterm effect of these ...
Teaching Milton by Computer

USING A CUSTOM DESIGNED HYPERCARD PROGRAM, 26 undergraduate students at Iowa mastered the computer skills and research techniques to collaborate in creating their own “interpreter’s annotated edition ofParadise Lost.≓ The annotator program coordinates Milton’s primary text with an outline of narrative structure and commentary consisting of text, graphic imagery, or voice. Shaped on the model of a book, the student-made edition also presents introductory material written and edited by themselves. The basic HyperCard annotator can also be used by teachers to focus the tasks and motivate the learning process involved in mastering other kinds of texts, e.g., journal articles for students in biomedical research, play scripts for theater majors, etc. To use these technical resources successfully in a college context, however, teachers should be mindful of basic computer skills to be mastered, learning tasks to be defined, the social dynamics of collaborative, creative work, and fresh ways to involve students in setting standards of quality and in applying those standard to their own efforts.
A recount of Ross Sea waters

Abstract Oceanographic observations within the Ross Sea have grown dramatically in recent years, both in number and quality. This has prompted a parallel recount of the circulation and structure of all water masses in the southwestern continental margins of the Pacific Ocean. A high-resolution set of horizontal property distributions was combined into a new climatology, which in turn is the basis of a fine volumetric θ − S census of all Ross Sea water masses. Inshore of the shelf break (700 m isobath) the Ross Sea volume (25×10 4 km 3 ) partitioning into layers of neutral density ( γ n ) is: 25% in the top layer ( γ n −3 ) of Antarctic Surface Water (AASW), 22% in the middle layer (28.00 kg m −3 γ n −3 ) of oceanic thermocline water (12%) and Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW; 10%), and 53% in the bottom layer ( γ n >28.27 kg m −3 ) of Shelf Water (SW, θ θ >−1.85 °C; 22%), precursor of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) offshore. AASW flows westward along the outer shelf and southward along the eastern coast past Cape Colbeck. Oceanic thermocline waters (28.00 kg m −3 γ n −3 ) cross the shelf break west of 170°W and follow southward paths along banks, shoaling progressively to near the sea surface of the central and western inner shelves. Winter buoyancy loss converts AASW and oceanic thermocline water into denser types of MCDW and SW, which move cyclonically toward the sills of major troughs. The census shows a continuous mode of relatively dense MCDW (28.10 kg m −3 γ n −3 ) directly linked to the Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) offshore, effectively ventilating and freshening the deep ocean at levels below the salinity maximum and above AABW. MCDW outflows from the Ross Sea shelf are traced to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: near 155°E, into the Australian-Antarctic Basin, along the northern flank of the Southwest Pacific Ridge, and to near 135°W, past the eastern end of the Ross Gyre. Two sources of salty SW are inferred near the coastal polynyas in the Terra Nova Bay and western Ross Ice Shelf areas. The latter contributes to a major outflow of Ice SW that reaches the shelf break along 180°. Vertical mixing of MCDW and SW produce MSW over the shelf, continuing over the sills as new AABW. Export of low salinity AABW ( S
Existence of an 16O-rich gaseous reservoir in the solar nebula

Carbonaceous chondrite condensate olivine grains from two distinct petrographic settings, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) accretionary rims and amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs), are oxygen-16 (16O) enriched at the level previously observed inside CAIs. This requires that the gas in the nebular region where these grains condensed was 16O-rich. This contrasts with an 16O-poor gas present during the formation of chondrules, suggesting that CAIs and AOAs formed in a spatially restricted region of the solar nebula containing 16O-rich gas. The 16O-rich gas composition may have resulted either from mass-independent isotopic chemistry or from evaporation of regions with enhanced dust/gas ratios, possibly in an X-wind environment near the young Sun.
Measurement of the settling time of a v.c.o. by varying the repetition rate of a square-wave generator

A steady-state method of measuring the transient settling time of a fast-tuning v.c.o. is described in which the control voltage is generated by a square-wave generator. The output function is effectively a trapezoidally modulated f.m. signal whose shape and spectral distribution of power depends on the settling time. The power intercepted by a 3rd-order Butterworth filter is calculated for several values of the settling time.
In-Situ Nucleation and Growth of γ-FeOOH Nanocrystallites in Polymeric Supramolecular Assemblies

This paper reports the nucleation and growth of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) crystallites in supramolecular polymer multilayers. Organized, polymeric thin films were formed by the layer by layer deposition technique that consisted of adsorbing alternate layers of a polycation and a polyanion on a quartz substrate. Nucleation of nanoparticles was initiated by absorbing ferric nitrate in the thin film polymer matrix, followed by hydrolysis with ammonium hydroxide. Repeating the above process resulted in an increase in the density of the nanoparticles initially formed and further growth in the dimensions of the crystallites with the number of absorption and hydrolysis cycles. Analysis of the UV−visible absorption spectra of the films revealed the formation of lepidocrocites, which was confirmed by FTIR and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) studies. An important feature of this work is that lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) is formed instead of akaganeite (β-FeOOH), which is generated when ferrous chloride is used a...
Time-normalized correlation of ventricular activation and the vectorcardiogram.

Abstract Vectorcardiograms were correlated with ventricular depolarization in normal dogs and after right bundle branch block. Subsequent to right bundle branch block there were changes in spatial voltage of the three major components of the QRS loop. There was a decrease in Q-loop magnitude due to the absence of ventral right ventricular free wall activation during the first 7 milliseconds. There was also a decrease in the R-loop magnitude due to a persistent circumferential surface of activity surrounding the left ventricular cavity caused by delayed activation of the ventricular septum. The increased spatial magnitude of the S component was the result of unopposed, left-to-right depolarization of the septum. Activation of most of the right free wall was associated with decreasing spatial voltage. The correlation between the heart's depolarization and the curves recorded from the body surface in the two experimental states (i.e., normal and right bundle branch block) provided a model which described the vectorcardiogram chiefly as a function of ventricular activation. Five physical parameters of the vectorcardiogram (e.g., spatial magnitude, spatial orientation, spatial velocity, sense of rotation, and the symmetry and planar characteristics of the loop) were related to the distribution and change of instantaneous electromotive surfaces within the heart.
Evaluation of Several TV Display System Configurations for Visual Simulation of the Landing Approach

A study has been conducted to determine the effects of several variations of two types of visual display systems on subjective pilot evaluations and objective measures of performance in the landing approach. Two types of flight approaches were made with either a projector or collimatmoed nitor visual display: 1) the instrument approach, and 2) the visual approach without the nonmal cockpit instrumentation assistance. The variables examined were color, differences between displays due to collimation, and reduced resolution. The use of color had two main effects on pilot performance in the landing approach. The touchdown distance and standard deviations increased more for the monitor displays, and the touchdown rates of descent were slightly lower. With collimation, the standard deviations of touchdown distance increased, and the rate-of-descent standard deviations decreased in a direction more favorable with the actual flight data. The time outside the glide-slope error limits was less with the monitor display, and the lateral localizer error was smaller for the projector display, because the pilots intercepted the runway center line at a greater distance from the threshold. With reduced resolution, there was a slight change in the touchdown distance and the standard deviation; for the flights made without color, the landings were predominantly to the right of the runway center line with twice the standard deviation. The pilots were more critical of the black and white variation for either display, and favored more use of a color system.
Persistence and vigor of shock-induced aggression in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Following a 2-h preshock observation period, each of two pairs of male gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) experienced footshocks every 20 sec for a 3-h period, which was followed by a 1-h postshock period. Bites, forepaw strikes, and poses were recorded for the 6-h session. In contrast to rats and other rodents, pain-shock produced biting and striking, which persisted throughout the interval between shocks and induced aggression of sufficient vigor to produce bleeding in all four Ss. Biting, striking, and posing also persisted throughout a 1-h postshock period, but at a decreasing rate relative to the shock period rate. The gerbil would thus appear to be a unique rodent—one whose vigorous fighting baseline should be useful in studying the interaction of aggression with escape-avoidance, anaggressive drugs, brain lesions, and other factors.
Using Room Temperature Current Noise To Characterize Single Molecular Spectra

We propose a way to use room temperature random telegraph noise to characterize single molecules adsorbed on a backgated silicon field-effect transistor. The overlap of molecule and silicon electronic wave functions generates a set of trap levels that impose their unique scattering signatures on the voltage-dependent current noise spectrum. Our results are based on numerical modeling of the current noise, obtained by coupling a density functional treatment of the trap placement within the silicon band gap, a quantum kinetic treatment of the output current, and a Monte Carlo evaluation of the trap occupancy under resonance. As an illustrative example, we show how we can extract molecule-specific "fingerprints" of four benzene-based molecules directly from a frequency-voltage colormap of the noise statistics. We argue that such a colormap carries detailed information about the trap dynamics at the Fermi energy, including the presence of correlated interactions, observed experimentally in backgated carbon nanotubes.
Characteristics of Peripheral Blood Eosinophils in Patients with Nocturnal Asthma

A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain nocturnal exacerbations of asthma including circadian patterns in circulating cortisol and catecholamines. These factors may influence airway smooth muscle tone and circulating eosinophil characteristics and function. Because recent evidence has indicated that eosinophils contribute to airway inflammation and the severity of asthma, we evaluated the relationship among peripheral blood eosinophils, their density distribution, and the appearance of nocturnal asthma. Fifteen patients with asthma were evaluated. Spirometry (FEV1 and FVC) was determined at 0400 and 1600, and the number and density distribution of peripheral blood eosinophils were determined. Five patients had nocturnal asthma, defined as a 15% or greater fall In FEV1 at 0400 versus 1600. The patients with nocturnal asthma had greater numbers of eosinophils (cells × 106/ml) at 0400 (0.845 ± 0.13 versus 0.351 ± 0.03) and 1600 (0.651 ± 0.18 versus 0.319 ± 0.07) and a greater circadian variation...
Inverse, composition, and identity: The case of function and linear transformation

Abstract In this report we examine linear algebra students’ reasoning about composing a function or linear transformation with its inverse. In the course of analyzing data from semi-structured clinical interviews with 10 undergraduate students in a linear algebra class, we were surprised to find that all the students said the result of composition of a function and its inverse should be 1. We examined how students attempted to reconcile their initial incorrect predictions, and found that students who succeeded in this reconciliation used what we refer to as “do-nothing function” and “net do-nothing function” reasoning. We provide examples of these patterns of reasoning, and propose explanations for why this reasoning was helpful. We also discuss possible sources for this incorrect prediction, and provide implications for classroom practice.
Axillary subpectoral approach for pacemaker or defibrillator implantation in patients with ipsilateral prepectoral infection and limited venous access

Purpose The prepectoral approach is the procedure of choice for pacemaker or defibrillator (device) implantation. Epicardial or transiliac approaches are reserved for patients in whom the pectoral approach is not feasible. We studied the viability of the axillary subpectoral approach for implanting devices in patients in whom the standard prepectoral approach was not feasible.
The presence of ribonucleic acid within the peripheral zones of two types of mammalian cell

An attempt has been made to locate RNA as a structural component of the peripheries of cultured cells derived from a human osteogenic sarcoma, and L1210 mouse leukaemia cells. In the case of cells derived from the osteogenic sarcoma, their detachment from glass was facilitated by incubation with ribonuclease; on removal from glass, they left cellular “footprints” behind, which were visulized in radioautographs of cells previously labeled with tritiated uridine, and removable with ribonuclease. The electrophoretic data show loss of charge by both types of cell following incubation with ribonuclease. These results are interpreted to indicate that RNA is a structural component of the peripheries of these cells. No attempt is made to speculate on the obvious biological improtance of these observations if they are applicable to cells in general.
Teaching subcuticular suturing to medical students: video versus expert instructor feedback.

Objective Given limitations in surgical educational resources, more efficient teaching methods are needed. We sought to evaluate 3 strategies for improving skills in subcuticular suturing—practice with an instructional video, practice with expert instructor supervision, and independent practice. Design Fifty-eight medical students volunteered for this research. Students viewed a video on subcuticular suturing then completed a pretest requiring closure of an incision in a plastic model. Students were randomized among 3 groups: practice with an instructional video (group A), practice with supervision by an expert instructor (group B), and independent practice (group C). After instruction, students completed a posttest, then a retention test 1 week later. Their performances were video recorded and evaluated using a validated scoring instrument composed of global and task-specific subscales. Results Performances measured using both subscales improved significantly from pretest to post-test only for group B. However, when comparing student performances between pretest and retention posttest, significant improvements on both subscales were seen only in group A. Conclusion These results suggest that practice with an instructional video is an effective method for acquiring skill in subcuticular suturing.
Linear arrays of ceramic microcavity plasma devices (127-180 /spl mu/m diameter) driven by buried coplanar electrodes

Summary form only given. In this paper, we present the characteristics of linear arrays of microplasma devices having cylindrical cavities 127 mum or 180 mum in diameter and in the rare gases at pressures of 400 to 800 torr. Each device is comprised of 6 rows of 72 via holes each formed in a multilayer stack of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC). The arrays are driven by two coplanar or two crossed electrodes buried in the LTCC. The separation between the electrodes is 220 mum in the coplanar electrode structure and 200 mum in the crossed electrode structure and driven at ~20 kHz by either a sinusoidal AC or pulsed DC waveform. The arrays show very stable operation and all microplasmas ignite simultaneously. Cavity-to-cavity uniformity in a single row is better than 10%. Optical and electrical measurements of these devices operating with 400 to 800 torr in Ne and Xe/Ne mixtures reveal several interesting phenomena. The curvature of the microcavity walls, combined with the location of the electrodes, allows for the electric field within the microcavity to be shaped, and the results of optical microscopy studies of the spatially-resolved emission from the microplasmas will be presented. Also, the electrical characteristics and several potential applications of this new microcavity design will be discussed
Chapter 58 – Ventilator Support

Publisher Summary Abnormalities in pulmonary gas exchange, lung mechanics, and respiratory-muscle function result in the development of respiratory failure. In patients with obstructive lung disease, the development of acute respiratory failure is a common cause for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and requires mechanical ventilation. Acute respiratory failure is associated with a high mortality rate of up to 30%, which in turn is a consequence of both disease severity and complications of mechanical ventilation. Various conditions in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that require ventilator support include severe hypoxemia, acute respiratory acidosis, and an increase in the work of breathing, secondary to an increase in airway resistance or inspiratory threshold load associated with auto or intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (PEEPi). Adapting ventilator strategies such as controlled hypoventilation in acute asthma or applying external PEEPi in patients with COPD results in a effective decrease in morbidity and also improves patient outcome.
Utilization of assistive technology by persons with physical disabilities: an examination of predictive factors by race

AbstractPurpose: Examine the relationship between race, use of assistive technology (AT), gender, educational attainment, income, employment status and access to health care. Methods: Data were analyzed from the national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) collected in USA in 2007. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed. Results: Among those who used AT, more European Americans (EAs) were educated, employed, made >$25 000 per year and had better access to health coverage. In contrast, more African Americans (AAs) who used AT were less educated, unemployed, made <$25 000 per year and had worse health coverage. Overall, AAs used AT more than EAs. The trend was consistent with predictive factors. AAs were 29% more likely to use AT compared to EAs. For EAs and AAs, predictors for use of AT were age, gender, education, employment status, income, health coverage and medical costs. Conclusions: Racial differences between AAs and EAs were observed in the use of AT by persons ...
Interspike intervals as a discrete time series with history and randomness

Neurons are fundamental components of neural systems. Organized neural activity is key for proper function at many scales, from small central pattern generating circuits to large populations of neurons. Neurons can show considerable variability in their spiking regularity; this variability is attributed to a number of different sources, including probabilistic synaptic processes and stochastic ion channel activity [1]. The role of variability in neural processes is complex: for example, more variability in an input signal may enhance the consistency of output spiking [2], but spike variability poses problems for systems or theories that require precise event timing, such as spike-timing dependent plasticity [3]. In this work, we characterized the variability of intrinsically active neurons over time and found that all cells studied shared certain features. We measured intracellularly from synaptically-isolated, endogenously spiking Aplysia californica invertebrate neurons for 2 or more hours in a temperature-controlled preparation to determine the regularity of interspike intervals. We determined that sequential ISIs show strong positive correlation with prior ISIs and this correlation remains high for many lag values, indicating that the ISI sequence shows history. In contrast, sequential values of the change in ISI (delta ISI) show a single prominent negative autocorrelation coefficient; this indicates that delta ISI correlates strongest with one previous delta ISI, and the negative sign suggests a tendency for delta ISI values to remain within some range. We find that ISI sequences from intrinsically spiking neurons in this system can be represented using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. In addition, delta ISI distributions are symmetric and Gaussian-like with heavy tails. Recent literature reports that heavy-tailed ISI distributions that show positive serial correlation values may result from stochastic activity in populations of adapting ion channels [4,5]; we are currently investigating the cellular features that can produce an ARIMA process, paying particular attention to channel dynamics. We present here an ISI variability model that captures statistical features of experimental data, which are essentially history and randomness. Existing explanations for neural spiking variability include properties of synaptic conductances [6], neural input [7], and ion channels [8]; these factors are modeled in simulation as or in combination with random processes that represent noisy inputs, which are then added to the membrane voltage. The phenomenological description of the ISI sequence itself as an ARIMA process with stochastic noise and history is a unique addition to the collection of neural noise models; it does not require explicit description or addition of cellular-level processes, it constrains correlational features rather than ISI distribution shape, and it represents intrinsic spike variability that is not due to synapses. This work was funded by NIH NS 54281.
A theoretical model for a quantitative evaluation of magnetic recording systems

In designing a digital magnetic recording system, it is necessary to consider a large number of parameters to produce optimum performance. Because of parameter interdependence, and the nonlinear nature of the recording process, experimental evaluation of a real system is cumbersome, time-consuming, and costly. To circumvent the usual trial and error techniques, a model has been developed based on earlier work of the author; it enables a rapid quantitative evaluation to be made of the performance of a system employing saturation magnetic recording. The analysis is separated into two parts: the first is designed to characterize the recording system, and the second, the encoding system. For the former, the signal amplitude and the harmonic content of a reference pattern are of interest; for the latter, the calculated signal traces of complex bit patterns are of interest.
Martensitic Stainless Steel as Alternative for Hot Stamping Steel with High Product of Strength and Ductility

Though more and more structural and safety automobile components are manufactured using hot stamping technology for the advantage of excellent shape accuracy while producing ultra high strength parts without any springback.Fewer hot stamping steels are developed except 22MnB5 steel, which exhibits ultra-high strength but limited ductility. Inspired by the application of quenching and partitioning C-Mn-Si steel, the microstructure and properties of a 30Cr13 steel subjected to quenching and partitioning treatment were studied to evaluate the possibility of martensitic stainless steel as alternative for hot stamping steel with high product of strength and ductility. The experiment result shows that, enhanced mechanical properties of Rel=1350MPa, Rm=1740MPa, and A=17.5% can be achieved through appropriate treatment. Due to the unique phase transformation conditions of martensitic stainless steel, processing parameters and corresponding equipments for automobile components manufacturing have to been investigated.
Transient Myocardial Dysfunction Associated with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor–Induced Angioedema: Recognition by Serial Echocardiographic Studies ☆ ☆☆

Abstract We report a case of a 58-year-old woman who had angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema after she underwent a biopsy of a hypopharyngeal mass. The angioedema was associated with severe transient myocardial dysfunction documented on echocardiography. She did not have anaphylaxis or coronary artery disease. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of transient myocardial dysfunction in the setting of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema without anaphylaxis. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12:1107-9.)
Influence of psychoactive and nonpsychoactive cannabinoids on chromatin structure and function in human cells

Abstract The influences of two naturally occurring psychoactive cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol), of a psychoactive cannabinoid metabolite (11-OH-Δ9-THC) and of a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid (cannabinol) on the composition, metabolism and structure of human (HeLa cell) chromatin were examined. The effects of all four cannabinoids on the composition and synthesis of chromosomal proteins were studied by pulse-labeling with [3H]leucine. The relative amounts of both histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins remained unaffected, but a decrease in [3H]leucine incorporation into both histones and nonhistone proteins was observed. Post-translational acetylation and phosphorylation of chromosomal proteins were studied in cannabinoid-treated cells by pulse-labeling with [3H]acetate and [32P], Variations were observed in [3H]acetate incorporation into histones and [32P] incorporation into both histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Pancreatic DNase I digestion of chromatin from cannabinoid-treated HeLa cells failed to demonstrate any drug-induced alteration in DNA-protein interactions.
Isolation of the nuclear histones from the Myxomycete, Physarum polycephalum.

Abstract A method has been developed for the extraction of nuclear histones with 1 m CaCl 2 . The new procedure gave a much higher yield of histone from nuclei of Physarum polycephalum than could be obtained with the conventional mineral acid and salt extractions, and the histone preparation had a more reproducible electrophoretic pattern. Calcium chloride gave the same yields and electrophoretic patterns as mineral acids and NaCl when used with calf thymus and chick erythrocyte nuclei. Physarum nuclei contained equal amounts of histone and DNA, on a weight basis. The histone was fractionated by electrophoresis at pH 4.3 in polyacrylamide into seven characteristic bands—three large bands and one small band with higher mobility, and three smaller bands with lower mobility. The electrophoretic pattern was very similar to that of calf thymus histone and in coelectrophoresis five bands moved with thymus histones. Two of the major bands migrated with lysine-rich and arginine-rich thymus histones. The largest Physarum fraction migrated slightly slower than moderately lysine-rich histone. Physarum histone also contained about 10% of a lysine-rich band not occurring in thymus. Dye-binding capacities of the Physarum histone bands have been determined, and the arginine-rich bands were found to bind up to twice as much amido black 10B as the lysine-rich bands. The amino acid compositions of three lysine-rich components have been determined. All had compositions distinct from thymus fractions, but one, the largest band in Physarum histone, resembled moderately lysine-rich histone; and another, the band unique to Physarum, resembled very lysine-rich histone.
Chronic fatigue syndrome. Helping patients cope with this enigmatic illness

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a recurring, debilitating illness complicated by the fact that its diagnosis is largely based on subjective complaints and the absence of reproducibly reliable tests. There is no known "cure" for this illness; however, in general, the prognosis for patients is good. Some physicians accept the existence of chronic fatigue syndrome, while others are convinced that it exists only in the minds of its "victims." The majority of physicians, however, are skeptical but open-minded and wish to help their chronically fatigued patients. As more information comes to light, it is likely that modern medicine will have to rethink its views on this elusive illness. In the interim, patients with chronic fatigue syndrome need the support and reassurance of their physicians to help them cope with their symptoms and resume normal, productive lives.
Viscous hydrodynamics and relativistic heavy ion collisions

The matter created in relativistic heavy ion collisions is fairly well described by ideal hydrodynamics and somewhat better described by viscous hydrodynamics. To this point, most viscous calculations have been two dimensional, based on an assumption of Bjorken boost invariance along the beam axis. Here, first results are presented for a fully three-dimensional viscous model. The model is described, and tests of the numerical accuracy of the code are presented. Two- and three-dimensional runs are compared, and modest changes are observed for midrapidity observables at the highest Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energies.
Female autonomy and child nutritional status: the extended-family residential unit in Amman, Jordan.

Abstract This study explores the hypothesis that the mother's position within household power relations—her autonomy with respect to other household members—influences her ability to provide for the health of her children. We argue that in the context of the Arab Middle East, a woman's structural position within the household is a good indicator of her relative autonomy: if she if the daughter-in-law in a vertically extended residential unit, she has less autonomy than if she is head or co-head of household. Our analysis is based on data collected from 1341 households in 1985 as a part of the Follow-up Health and Population Assessment of four urban settlements in Amman, Jordan. They include measures of the child's weight and age, plus a variety of socioeconomic factors. We analyze the effect of the mother's autonomy on child nutritional status within a multiple regression framework that controls for rival hypotheses. In particular, we investigate whether it is the availability of other potential child-care substitutes, particularly the grandmother, that influences child nutrition rather than household structure. We also look at household income, mother's education, the area of residence, and the child's sex. Our results show a strong negative influence associated with having a mother whose autonomy in the household is low. This effect does not disappear when mother's age and education, and household size and composition are taken into consideration. Nor is it a proxy for the higher household incomes characteristics of extended-family residential units with their multiple earners.
Characteristics of Peripheral Blood Cells from Rainbow Trout Evaluated by Particle Counter, Image Analysis, and Hemocytometric Techniques

Abstract Hematological assessments of peripheral blood cells from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were compared by using a hemocytometer, image analysis, and an electronic particle counter. Although statistical differences were noted, the diameters of white blood cells (WBCs) were comparable among the methods used, but lengths and widths of red blood cells (RBCs) were remarkably different among the three methods. Red blood cells were significantly smaller when the particle counter was used compared with sizes obtained by using the hemocytometer or image analysis. Counts of whole blood and isolated RBC concentrations were similar between the hemocytometer and the particle counter in the automatic calculation mode; yet they were significantly different with the manual calculation method, which used the raw data from the particle counter. White blood cell counts from peripheral whole blood could not be obtained with the particle counter; it converted all particle volumes into spherical equivalents and, thu...
The role of additives in allergic vasculitis during intravenous hyperalimentation.

A 39-year-old woman who had previously undergone a jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity was receiving intravenous hyperalimentation. The patient developed allergic vasculitis while receiving fluid which contained a multivitamin solution. Rechallenge with this preparation resulted in an exacerbation of her skin lesions. The possible role of such additives in the development of unusual hypersensitivity reactions is discussed.
Form Function Fidelity

Engineering goals are typically rooted in addressing the functional needs of a product. While these engineering goals and specifications can be important in consumers’ buying decisions, many times the first impression of the product comes from judgments of the product’s aesthetic form. For this reason, this paper set out to study how well human judgment of performance based on a car’s shape correlates with the actual measured performance of the car’s shape, and what features of the car’s shape most influence this judgment. More specifically, participants were asked to rate how aerodynamic, sporty, fuel efficient, and rugged a computer generated car design appeared to them, and these ratings were analyzed against the actual aerodynamics of the vehicle as well as key indicators of sportiness and cornering stability such as center of gravity and wheel stance. The inter-rater consistency of human judgments was also studied. Using this human judgment data, the attributes in car design with the greatest effect on participant judgment of vehicle performance were identified, and were compared against their importance and effect in actual vehicle performance. Analysis of this data gives key insights about how car designers can create designs that better convey the desired goals of a car to consumers while also meeting those performance goals.© 2011 ASME
On-resin generation and reactions of orthogonal glycosyl donors

An orthogonal series of glycosyl donors has been generated in situ from thiophenylglycosides appended to a hydroxymethylpolystyrene resin through a succinate linker. The conditions used to generate these donors and their subsequent reactions with sugar acceptors will be described.
Vertically bent pyrolytic graphite crystals applied to triple-axis neutron spectrometry

Abstract This paper demonstrates the great value of verticallt bent pyrolytic graphic crystals used as monochromator or analyzer in triple-axis neutron spectrometers. A simple model is presented for estimating the flux gain to be achieved by bending the monochromator or analyzer, and the effects this bending has on instrumental resolution are also considered. Experiments with three monochromators bent to 50, 35, and 21 inch radii over a wide range of neutron energy (5 to 40 meV) gave a maximum flux gain factor of 3.5 as predicted by the model, with no measurable change in resolution. In addition, if vertical resolution is not crucial, a further intensity gain can be achieved by using a bent analyzer.
CAD/CAM Library of Parts and Assemblies for Engineering Curricula

Most often instructors and students are forced to search through a wide range of scattered resources, such as textbooks, archival journals, conference proceedings, Websites, and industry catalogs to identify parts/assemblies that demonstrate the CAD/CAM concepts of their interest. This long and tedious process is both a major impediment to student learning and a time-consuming distraction to effective teaching of CAD/CAM concepts. To address issues, this paper presents the concept of a CAD/CAM library of parts/assemblies of products for use in CAD/CAM related courses, to enhance student learning and critical thinking, and to increase the effectiveness of CAD/CAM teaching. The addition of pedagogical features to the CAD/CAM library will make it even more effective and useful. For every part/assembly, the CAD/CAM library has to provide not only geometric models with dimensions, but also has to include construction planning strategy, step-by-step creation procedure, modeling questions, and hands-on exercises that facilitate effective teaching and enhance student learning. In addition, the library has to offer its models in multiple formats so that they can be run on most of the commercial CAD systems. The library may have far-reaching impact on non-CAD/CAM areas, such as psychology and physics that require cognitive and 3D visualization studies. The paper presents the results and observation of using CAD/CAM library concept in teaching a CAD/CAM and design courses.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Quantum size effect in ultra-thin bismuth films

Abstract Numerical calculations were carried out of the energy levels of electrons and holes in thin films of pure bismuth under extreme size quantizations. Also included were the energy quantizations due to a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the films. Real bismuth energy band structures, including the non-parabolic energy-momentum relationship for electrons, were used throughout the calculations. In sufficiently thin films, the charge carriers perform essentially two-dimensional motions. The transition from a state of three-dimensional motions to a state of two-dimensional motions was discussed for a film of an arbitrary orientation with respect to the crystallographic axes. The magnetic field effect upon such a transition was also discussed and presented numerically.
Subambient growth CO2 leads to increased Rubisco small subunit gene expression in developing rice leaves

Summary To test the hypothesis whether low atmospheric [CO2] can cause an increase of Rubisco small subunit gene expression, rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing under ambient [CO2] at 350μmol mol−1 was switched to subambient [CO2] at 175μmol mol−1 during late vegetative stage. After the switch, photosynthesis rate of developing leaves initially declined but partially recovered after 8 days. Transcript levels of the Rubisco small subunit gene (rbcS) in developing leaves increased within three days to almost twice that of ambient-CO2 controls, followed later by an up-regulation of Rubisco total activity and protein content.
Notch tip damage zone in biaxially oriented polypropylene at low temperature

It is well established that biaxial orientation produces large improvements in the mechanical properties of polypropylene; this study further shows that the large improvements in mechanical behavior are magnified especially below the glass transition temperature. In this study, the irreversible deformation behavior of polypropylene during sharp single-edge notch tension testing has been studied at two levels of biadial orientation at −40°C. Unoriented polypropylene formed a narrow wedge-shaped damage zone that grows with increasing stress until catastrophic fracture occurs in a brittle manor. The damage zone consisted of many crazes that mainly grew perpendicular to the loading direction. The 50% oriented material initially developed a wedge-shaped damage zone that grew wider as loading increased. This resulted in a drop of the length-to-width ratio at high sample extensions. The specimen fractured with stable crack growth in a ductile manner, showing a large resistance to crack growth. The 80% oriented material had a circular damage zone that consisted of many delamination crases. These crases grew by splitting the specimen in the thickness direction. Stable crack growth dominated the final failure process with the 80% oriented material showing nearly three times the toughness of the unoriented material. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Supported Employment Implementation Shifting from Program Monitoring to Quality Improvement

The national proliferation of supported employment services for people with severe disabilities has governmental funders and regulators scrambling for standards upon which to judge the adequacy of these new services. The task is complicated by the variability in both employer needs and service requirements for supported employees as well as the community resources available to meet these needs. Conventional monitoring provides some safeguards against major abuses to persons receiving services, but does little to satisfy consumer, advocate, or policymaker interest in promoting quality assurance in service provision.Issues are raised within this paper regarding the appropriateness and effectiveness of methods traditionally used by states to monitor or promote quality assurance. Guidelines are suggested for developing state quality assurance systems that will promote continuous improvement. It is maintained that states should promote the development of systems that move beyond conventional monitoring approac...
Advances in CdTe n-i-p photovoltaics

Abstract Development of the CdTe n-i-p solar cell has enabled researchers to produce 11% efficient solar cells while eliminating stability problems associated with a low-resistance back contact. Furthermore, loss analysis indicates that significant increases in efficiency can still be realized through reduction of absorption and reflection and by passivation of recombination centers at the interfaces. Simplifications in the interconnection procedures make the CdTe n-i-p solar module more “manufacturable”. A submodule with four interconnected cells has been produced. It has an aperture area efficiency over 8% with an area ratio of 0.91.
Density variations in the lower thermosphere from analysis of the AE-C accelerometer measurements

Abstract Density measurements at 140, 160, 180 and 200km from the AE-C accelerometer experiment during 1974 are analyzed by least-squares multiple linear regression. The resulting empirical model is compared to the widely-used Jacchia (1971) model which is primarily based on satellite orbital decay data above 200 km. The semiannual and geomagnetic ( K p ) variations derived from the AE-C data set are in good agreement with Jacchia's predictions. However, individual magnetic storm responses often exceed such average representations of the geomagnetic effect by more than a factor of two. The density is more variable with respect to the daily 10.7cm solar flux than Jacchia's model predicts. The regression analysis reveals a positive correlation with the absolute value of the geographic latitude. The statistical weakness of this latter effect reflects the transient, aperiodic nature of high-latitude heating events related to magnetic activity, which can only be properly analyzed on an individual basis. Finally, the sub-solar bulge effect enters the regression equation with about half the amplitude predicted by the Jacchia model at these heights.
Abstract 5514: Targeted liposomes in cancer therapy

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The purpose of this project was to design a liposomal formulation which targets the SLC transporter. Daunorubicin, an anticancer drug, used as a model was encapsulated in the targeted liposomal formulation and the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of targeted liposomal daunorubicin (TLD) as well as the mechanisms of cellular uptake were evaluated using the A549 lung cancer cell line. A quantity of 3×105/2ml cells of A549 were cultured in each well of 6 well plates in RPMI medium. The cells were treated with TLD, non targeted liposomal (NTL) daunorubicin and free, non-encapsulated daunorubicin containing 10µM and 5µM drug. They were incubated for 5-6 hours at 37oC and analyzed using flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging. The cytotoxicity of the formulations was determined using MTS assay. The IC50 was determined from the growth inhibition curves of cell viability. Furthermore, the mechanism of internalization of the TLD formulation was studied using inhibitors specific to each pathway of internalization. The results show that the cellular uptake TLD showed a significant increase of 2- fold compared to that of NTL and free drug for both concentrations (10µM and 5µM). These results were also consistent with the cytotoxicity study showing higher cytotoxicity of TLD compared to NTL and free drug, The IC50 of TDL showed a 2.3-fold and 3.4-fold decrease compared to NTL and free drug, respectively. Also the data showed decrease in the cellular uptake of TLD when the macropinocytosis pathway was inhibited. Depletion of cholesterol in the cellular wall also reduced the cellular uptake of the TLD formulation. The results indicate that our novel targeted liposomal formulation shows enhanced cellular uptake and cytotoxicity likely due to macropinocytosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5514.
Freemartins in beef cattle twins induced by embryo transfer

Abstract The incidence of freemartinism in heterosexual twins (male-female) resulting from embryo transfer was studied by determining sex chromosome chimerism in lymphocytes and masculinization of female reproductive tracts at slaughter. In one group of calves, ten of 11 heifers born co-twin to full sib, paternal half sib, or unrelated bull calves exhibited sex chromosome chimerism, a proportion in close agreement with that observed in naturally occurring twins. The ten calves with sex chromosome chimerism also had masculinized tracts whereas the other had an apparently normal female tract. Bull calves had a percentage of XY cells similar to their female co-twins, except for the twin set from which the “normal” female was obtained. The bull calf from this set had 5.6% XX cells although no XY cells were observed in the heifer in 66 metaphase spreads. No association was observed between the degree of sex chromosome chimerism and abnormalities of the female tract. Reproductive tracts from all female-female twin sets were normal. In another group of calves, all 20 heifers from heterosexual twin sets had masculinized reproductive tracts. It is concluded that the induction of twins by embryo transfer results in normal expression of freemartinism even though calves may be unrelated and are known to develop in separate uterine horns.
Comment on "Metapopulation persistence with age-dependent disturbance or succession".

In an elegant and useful report, Hastings ([ 1 ][1]) showed that persistence of a species in a patchy environment is predicted correctly by measuring population extinction rate as the reciprocal of mean patch age, rather than as the patch extinction rate. This work casts important light on the