cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abnormal prostate development in C3(1)-bcl-2 transgenic mice.

BACKGROUND Recent hypotheses to explain the etiology of abnormal growth associated with prostate disease have invoked perturbations in the rate of apoptosis as an important contributor to the onset and progression of these diseases. For this reason, the apoptosis suppressing oncoprotein bcl-2 has come under scrutiny with regards to its role in prostate diseases. In order to evaluate the role of bcl-2 in human prostate disease and to develop an animal model to test anti-bcl-2 therapies, we generated transgenic mice in which bcl-2 expression is targeted to the mouse prostate gland. METHODS Mouse embryos were microinjected with recombinant DNA constructed by fusing a modified rat C3(1) promotor element to cDNA encoding human bcl-2. Presence of the C3(1)-bcl-2 transgene in progeny was identified by Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. RNase protection assays were used to analyze RNA from 15 organs of these mice. Western blot assays and immunohistochemical staining were used to confirm the tissue-specific protein expression of human bcl-2 and its cellular localization. RESULTS Three lines of C3(1)-bcl-2 transgenic mice were established. Founder mice carried 2–20 copies of the transgene. Expression of human bcl-2 from the transgene was limited to the prostate gland and testis of males as well as the uterus of females. In the prostate gland, human bcl-2 protein was found only in prostatic epithelial cells. Microscopic analysis of prostate glands from individual males (three lines) showed that these glands were often abnormal, with increased accumulation of cells in the prostatic stroma as well as the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS These transgenic mice appear to provide a novel animal model for studying neoplastic development of the prostate, with particular emphasis on the bcl-2 protein and the role of apoptosis regulation in such development. Prostate 32:16–26, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of nourishment on the form and function of an estuarine beach

Beach nourishment programs in estuaries can enhance shore protection, but they decrease habitat suitability by creating higher berms and wider backshores than would occur under natural conditions. Use of sediment sources from outside the area can result in sedimentary characteristics that differ from native sediments on the surface and at depth, altering conditions for both aeolian transport to dunes and interstitial fauna. Field data were gathered on an estuarine beach to determine differences in beach profile change, depth of sediment reworking, and potential for aeolian transport due to nourishment. Data were gathered over a 20-month period 6 months prior to nourishment, 3 days after nourishment, 6 months after nourishment, and 14 months after nourishment when the beach was mechanically graded to eliminate a vertical scarp in the foreshore. The nourishment consisted of 87,900 m3 of sediment emplaced to create a 1.34-km-long, 30-m-wide berm 2.3 m above mean tide level. Seven percent of the fill was removed from the profile within 6 months after nourishment, accompanied by 7 m in horizontal retreat of the artificial berm. The fill on the backshore remained above the zone of wave influence over a winter storm season and was separated from the active foreshore by the scarp. Nourished sediments on the intertidal foreshore were significantly different from native sediments to a depth of 0.20 m below the surface. A lag surface of coarse sediment formed by deflation on the backshore, resulting in a rate of aeolian transport <2% of the rate on the wave-reworked foreshore. Nourishing a beach to a level higher than would be created by natural processes can create a profile that compartmentalizes and restricts transport of sediment and movement of fauna between the foreshore and backshore. Mechanical grading can eliminate the scarp, allow for faunal interaction, and reestablish wave reworking of the backshore that will facilitate aeolian transport. Using an initial design to nourish the backshore at a lower elevation and allowing a dune to provide protection against flooding during major storms could prevent a scarp from forming and eliminate the need for follow-up grading.
Norm estimates for thel2-inverses of multivariate Toeplitz matrices

This paper bounds thel 2-norms of inverses of certain Toeplitz matrices arising from Polya frequency functions.
The action of ultraviolet light on paramecin and the chemical nature of paramecin.

Abstract The killing substance paramecin liberated into the medium by killer paramecia has been inactivated by monochromatic ultraviolet light. The action spectrum for this inactivation parallels the absorption spectrum for aromatic amino-acid containing proteins. It is estimated that DNA would have to be present in an amount less than 1% in paramecin to give the observed action spectrum. Paramecin can be inactivated by chymotrypsin but not by DNase. The latter enzymic result contradicts those obtained by Van Wagtendonk . There is no good explanation for the discrepancy. Paramecin is an entity which has a large amount of protein (containing little cystine) and does not seem to require DNA for its activity.
Definitive evidence for the existence of the “sitting-atop” porphyrin complexes in nonaqueous solutions

Definitive evidence for the intermediate in metalloporphyrin formation produced in the interaction of meso-tetraphenylporphine and [Rh(CO)2Cl]2, the "sitting-atop" complex (SAT), is given in this article. The second-order kinetics of SAT complex formation, the small rate constant for the formation reaction, and the equilibrium study indicate a one-to-one complex between the meso-tetraphenylporphine and [Rh(CO)2Cl]2. The analytical data, infrared spectrum, and especially the proton magnetic resonance lead to a formulati-n of the "sitting-atop" complex shown in Fig. 8.
Characterization of Medical Care at the 161-km Western States Endurance Run

Objective To examine the medical care at a highly competitive 161-km mountain ultramarathon. Methods Encounter forms from the 2010 through 2013 Western States Endurance Run were analyzed for trends in consultation and use of intravenous fluids. Results A total of 63 consultations (8.2% of starters) were documented in 2012 and 2013, of which 10% involved noncompetitors. Most (77%) of the consultations with competitors occurred on the course rather than at the finish line, and were generally during the middle third of the race. Of the on-course consultations, the runner was able to continue the race 55% of the time, and 75% of those who continued after consultation ultimately finished the race. Relative number of consultations did not differ among competitors within 10-year age groups ( P = .7) or between men and women ( P = .2). Overall, consultations for medical issues were predominant, and nausea and vomiting accounted for the single highest reason for consultation (24%). Although there was an overall decrease in finish line consultations and intravenous fluid use from 2010 through 2013 ( P P = .3 and P = .4), the proportion of those being treated with intravenous fluids relative to those receiving consultation at the finish line was directly related to maximum ambient temperature ( r = .93, P = .037). Both 2012 and 2013 had a single medical emergency that required emergency evacuation. Conclusions This work demonstrates that the medical needs in a 161-km ultramarathon are mostly for minor issues. However, occasional serious issues arise that warrant a well-organized medical system.
Laser-induced fluorescence detection of the NS radical in sulfur and nitrogen doped methane flames

The nitrogen sulfide radical, NS, has been observed for the first time in methane flames. Methane doped with H/sub 2/S and NH/sub 3/ was burned with oxygen, nitrous oxide, and air as oxidizers with equivalence ratios between 1.2 and 2.3. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was used to detect the NS. Steady-state concentrations of NS were estimated from the LIF signal to be about 0.1% of the added sulfur concentration, indicating that NS may be an important reactive intermediate in these flames. This radical is a direct interconnection between the NO/sub x/ and SO/sub x/ production mechanisms.
Monitoring ionospheric space weather with the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN)

The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) of high frequency radars monitors ionospheric space weather at middle to high latitudes in both hemispheres. SuperDARN is an international collaboration involving scientists and engineers from over a dozen countries. The backscatter targets of interest are irregularities in the ionospheric plasma density that are aligned along the geomagnetic field. The Doppler motion of the irregularities can be used to infer the strength and direction of the ionospheric electric field. These measurements, obtained continuously, provide valuable information about the electrodynamics of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system over extended spatial scales and with high time resolution. In this paper, the history of SuperDARN is briefly reviewed with a particular emphasis on the recent expansion of the network to middle and higher latitudes. A technique for assimilating multi-radar data to produce space weather maps of the hemispheric state of ionospheric plasma motion is also described.
An organized distribution of acrosomal proteinase in rabbit sperm acrosomes.

Acrosomal proteinase was found to be present in a highly organized distribution within the acrosomes of rabbit spermatozoa by cytochemistry. This distribution consists of at least six linear loops of evenly spaced proteinase granules, which run diagonally across the flat side of the sperm head in a criss-crossing pattern with the two most anterior loops surrounding the region of the acrosome reaction. This is the first description of an organized distribution of enzymes within a lysosome-like organelle.
Evaluation of rail test frequencies using risk analysis

Several industries now use risk analysis to develop inspection programs to ensure acceptable mechanical integrity and reliability. These industries include nuclear and electric power generation, oil refining, gas processing, onshore and offshore exploration and production, chemical processing, and pipelines. Risk analysis may also be used as a decisionmaking tool in the railroad industry to develop systematic improvements in track maintenance and inspection strategies. In the course of conducting research in support of the Federal Railroad Administration, a Monte Carlo risk assessment model has been developed to simulate certain aspects of rail inspection (also referred to as rail testing) to find and remove defects that may grow to sufficient size to cause rail failures. In this paper, the model is used to examine the relationship between the occurrence of rail failures and various operational factors. These operational factors include rail size, average axle loading, and inspection frequency. In addition, the risk assessment model is used to evaluate an alternative rail testing concept in which detector cars would conduct inspections at speeds higher than those used in current practice.
Acute aerobic exercise: an intervention for the selective visual attention and reading comprehension of low-income adolescents.

There is a need for feasible and research-based interventions that target the cognitive performance and academic achievement of low-income adolescents. In response, this study utilized a randomized experimental design and assessed the selective visual attention (SVA) and reading comprehension abilities of low-income adolescents and, for comparison purposes, high-income adolescents after they engaged in 12-minutes of aerobic exercise. The results suggest that 12-minutes of aerobic exercise improved the SVA of low- and high-income adolescents and that the benefit lasted for 45-minutes for both groups. The SVA improvement among the low-income adolescents was particularly large. In fact, the SVA improvement among the low-income adolescents was substantial enough to eliminate a pre-existing income gap in SVA. The mean reading comprehension score of low-income adolescents who engaged in 12-minutes of aerobic exercise was higher than the mean reading comprehension score of low-income adolescents in the control group. However, there was no difference between the mean reading comprehension scores of the high-income adolescents who did and did not engage in 12-minutes of aerobic exercise. Based on the results, schools serving low-income adolescents should consider implementing brief sessions of aerobic exercise during the school day.
Idiopathic portal hypertension: a histopathological study of 26 Japanese cases

Analysis of 25 liver biopsy specimens and one autopsy specimen from 26 Japanese patients (23 women and three men) with idiopathic portal hypertension revealed findings that collectively appeared diagnostic for the condition. Changes in the portal tract included capillary dilatation, phlebosclerosis, and fibro-elastosis of the stroma. Many portal veins were dilated and had herniated into the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. Portal vein obliteration and loss of bile ducts were a rare complication. The acinar architecture was disturbed by: 1) capillary and necro-inflammatory bridging, mostly between portal tracts and terminal hepatic veins; 2) the formation of isolated megasinusoids in a random distribution; 3) displaced and abnormally large hepatic vein branches with or without phlebosclerosis and 4) slender, curved fibrous septa (hairline septa). Early nodular regeneration was found in 25% of the cases. Our review supports the contention that incomplete septal cirrhosis may be a late manifestation of idiopathic portal hypertension. It is not clear whether the biopsy findings in Japanese patients differ only in severity from those in western patients, or whether the conditions differ pathogenetically. Some histopathological findings in the Japanese cases, in particular the necro-inflammatory changes, are difficult to reconcile with portal hypertension as a primary haemodynamic abnormality.
On simulations of linear arrays, rings and 2D meshes on Fibonacci cube networks

The Fibonacci cube was proposed recently as an interconnection network. It has been shown that this new network topology possesses many interesting properties that are important in network design and applications. This paper addresses the following network simulation problem: Given a linear array, a ring or a two-dimensional mesh, how can be assign its nodes to the Fibonacci cube nodes so as to keep their adjacent nodes near each other in the Fibonacci cube. The authors first show a simple fact that there is a Hamiltonian path in any Fibonacci cube. They prove that any ring structure can be embedded into its corresponding optimum Fibonacci cube (the smallest Fibonacci cube with at least the number of nodes in the ring) with dilation 2, which is optimum for most cases. Then, they describe dilation 1 embeddings of a class of meshes into their corresponding optimum Fibonacci cubes. Finally, it is shown that an arbitrary mesh can be embedded into its corresponding optimum or near-optimum Fibonacci cube with dilation 2. >
Manure Production of Adult Turkeys

Abstract TWENTY hens and two toms, all of the White Holland variety, were used to determine the approximate quantity of manure produced within a 28-day period extending from 8:30 a.m., October 9, to 8:30 a.m., November 6, 1937. The birds were confined to a 14′ × 14′ room of a cement floored poultry house at Beltsville, Maryland. A roosting compartment completely enclosed with wire occupied one corner of the room. This compartment had 2″ hexagonal mesh wire under the roosts and a hinged door in front that could be closed to keep the birds from the roosts during the daytime. At the start of the test, the entire floor including that under the roosts was covered with dry newspapers which had been weighed previously. All of the floor not under the roosts was then covered with floor sections made of 1″ × 1″ mesh wire upon which were placed a feeder . . .
Conditional Automaticity in Response Selection Contingent Involuntary Response Inhibition With Varied Stimulus-Response Mapping

One aspect of effective cognitive control is the ability to withhold contextually inappropriate responses. The inhibition of a response can be elicited by a goal-relevant stop signal, which has been characterized as a voluntary cognitive process. Cases in which inhibition is triggered automatically by a stimulus have been reported but are limited to instances in which the withholding of a response is associated with the same stimulus over repeated trials, which reflects the gradual emergence of automaticity through associative learning. Findings such as these suggest that inhibitory control is driven by two dissociable mechanisms, one that is flexible but deliberate and another that is automatic but inflexibly learned. In the present study, we showed that response inhibition can be involuntarily triggered when stimulus-response mapping varies unpredictably, without contributions from associative learning. Our findings demonstrate that automatic response inhibition can be flexibly conditioned on top-down goals, which has broad implications for theories of cognitive control.
Language Reform: The State of the Art

OGULNEOdnowienie jezyka: Stan naukowejWtym piśmie, Fodor i Hagege nie dawno napisane Language Reform: History and Future [Odnowienie Jczyka: Hystoria i Przyszlośc] jest przegladniete. Ta praca, pisana w trzech cześciach, pokrywa wiecej nisz sześdziesiat jczykow i posiada dane pisma w pieciu jczykach, i jest najwiekszym dodatkiem do pismow tycacych sie do wyrobienia jezykow oraz odnowienie odnowienie jczykow. To wrzystko bedzie wielka waluta dla tych ktorzy sie zajmuja z studiami polisow jezykow, planowania jezykow, nauka jczykow oraz duzo innych rzeczach wtym kierunku. Dwa z najwickszych problemow z ta praca jest ze kilka ztych pismow i papierow sa stare, wiec pokrycie w niektorych miejscach (na przyklad, pierwsze jczyki w Amerykach i Australi). Jest doradzone ze ten ostatni problem moze byc naprawiony w planowanem dodatkowem ccściu do tej kolekcji.[Thanks to D. Mechlinski for assistance with the Polish abstract.]RESUMOLingva reformo: Nuna statoEn tiu ci teksto, oni recenzas la lastatempe eldonitan Language Reform: History and Future de Fodor kaj Hagege. La verko, eldonita en tri volumoj, kiuj kovras pli ol sesdek lingvoj kaj enhavas kontribuajojn en kvin lingvoj, estas grava kontribuo al la literaturo pri lingvoevoluigo kaj lingvoreformo, kaj ĝi estos valorega al tiuj, kiuj kon-cernas sin pri lingvopolitikaj studoj, lingvoplanado, aplikita lingvistiko, kaj pluraj pliaj fakoj. La du plej grandaj mankoj de la verko estas la iom eksdata enhavo de kelkaj referaĵoj, kaj lakunoj en pritrakto de certaj temaroj (ekzemple, indiĝenaj lingvoj ameri-kaj kaj australiaj). Oni sugestas, ke ĉi-lastan problemon oni povus korekti en la planita volumo suplementa al la kolekto.
Large-Scale Distributed Storage System for Business Provenance

In today's complex business environment, applications span across loosely coupled systems generating massive amounts of business artifacts at various levels of granularity. Monitoring and analyzing these artifacts enables access to critical process information to improve the effectiveness of business operations. Tracking, capturing, storing and processing such large volumes of data, however, is difficult and resource intensive with current relational database technologies. Hence, designers are forced to make trade-offs in deciding the type and the granularity level of the data to be captured. Nevertheless, the amount of historical data that carries important insight about the business processes that need to be captured is growing. A solution that is capable of handling massive business provenance data is necessary. In this paper, using cloud as opposed to relational databases to manage this massive amount of business provenance data is proposed and a cloud-based business provenance architecture based on HBase/Hadoop technology is introduced.
Mechanical unfolding of human telomere G-quadruplex DNA probed by integrated fluorescence and magnetic tweezers spectroscopy

Single-molecule techniques facilitate analysis of mechanical transitions within nucleic acids and proteins. Here, we describe an integrated fluorescence and magnetic tweezers instrument that permits detection of nanometer-scale DNA structural rearrangements together with the application of a wide range of stretching forces to individual DNA molecules. We have analyzed the force-dependent equilibrium and rate constants for telomere DNA G-quadruplex (GQ) folding and unfolding, and have determined the location of the transition state barrier along the well-defined DNA-stretching reaction coordinate. Our results reveal the mechanical unfolding pathway of the telomere DNA GQ is characterized by a short distance (<1 nm) to the transition state for the unfolding reaction. This mechanical unfolding response reflects a critical contribution of long-range interactions to the global stability of the GQ fold, and suggests that telomere-associated proteins need only disrupt a few base pairs to destabilize GQ structures. Comparison of the GQ unfolded state with a single-stranded polyT DNA revealed the unfolded GQ exhibits a compacted non-native conformation reminiscent of the protein molten globule. We expect the capacity to interrogate macromolecular structural transitions with high spatial resolution under conditions of low forces will have broad application in analyses of nucleic acid and protein folding.
Servicetizing User Experiences for Complex Business Application

Web interfaces have been widely used to support user interactions in complex business applications. In a typical design of such an application, the execution is driven by the http requests sent by the web-browser. Thus, the control of the workflow is encoded by the hyperlinks and buttons embedded in various web pages that support the user interactions. This web-driven design makes it hard to reason about and to maintain the workflows, especially when the web pages are dynamically generated at runtime. This design also increases the complexity in developing rich user interactions for complex workflows. In this paper, we propose a new design that separates the workflow specification from the user interaction specification in a business application. This design is based on a workflow-driven service-oriented architecture pattern. In this architecture, the user interactions are captured by user experience services that can be developed, deployed, and maintained independently of the application. These services can be composed together with other business services by an executable workflow specification to provide the functionalities required by the application. This approach increases the flexibility in the implementation of the user interactions. It also enables a model-driven development approach for implementing the workflows that involve sophisticated user interactions.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Hospitalized Patient

HOSPITAL MEDICINE CLINICS CHECKLIST 1. Incorporate sleep apnea questioning into a routine review of systems, and positiveairway pressure (PAP) machines into the medication reconciliation process. 2. Continue the patient’s home PAP device while the patient is hospitalized using either the patient’s own device or a hospital device set at the patient’s home settings. 3. Consider continuous pulse oximetry in sleep apnea patients who are challenged medically or surgically: a. Patients undergoing major surgery, especially airway surgery b. Patients receiving general anesthesia or deep sedation c. Patients requiring high-dose narcotics d. Patients with a respiratory illness such as pneumonia, congestive heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation e. Patients with altered mental status, such as those with delirium or an insult to the brain f. Patients with altered neuromuscular function, such as poststroke patients or those with multiple sclerosis exacerbations 4. Organize a discharge management plan for those patients who are new to continuous PAP and do not carry a formal diagnosis.
Treatment of nonunion of olecranon fractures

We report the results in 24 consecutive patients treated from 1976 to 1991 for nonunion of olecranon fractures. Their mean age was 42 years, and the mean interval from fracture to treatment for nonunion was 19 months. Management was by rehabilitation and activity as tolerated for three, continued immobilisation for one, and operative treatment for 20. Operations included excision of the olecranon fragment (1), osteosynthesis (16), and joint replacement (3). Four patients also had distraction arthroplasty. At a mean follow-up of 18 months no patient had severe residual elbow pain but three had moderate and six had mild symptoms. The mean arc of motion was 98 degrees representing an average improvement of 11 degrees. Twelve patients had an excellent result, four good, six fair, and two a poor result. Union had been achieved in 15 of the 16 patients treated by osteosynthesis.
A Comparison of Web-Based Concept Mapping Tasks for Alternative Assessment in Distance Teacher Education

AbstractThree sections of the same distance education class completed a series of Web-based concept map assessments using one of two methods. Open-ended maps applied in section 1 led students to conduct more relational thinking overall, but variance in map items was very high introducing more subjectivity in scoring. Preselected term mapping applied in sections 2—3 led students to correctly classify many concepts and express proper relationships compared to an instructor's map. Identifying expected concept sets from the instructor's maps caused students some difficulty. The high volume of readings associated with the task appeared to further this problem. Students touted many benefits of mapping, including synthesizing and connecting course material, reading more intentionally, and thinking critically.
Trade Liberalisation and the Migration of Skilled Professionals and Managers: The North American Experience

2 INTRODUCTION 3 TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND MIGRATION 3 CHANGES IN IMMIGRATION LAW RELATED TO CUSTA AND NAFTA 6 BILATERAL MIGRATION PATTERNS 8 OTHER EVIDENCE 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 12 REFERENCES 14 TABLES 16 ENDNOTES 22
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Emerging Solvents for the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are emerging as attractive and green solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. The unique solvating properties of RTILs foster the disruption of the 3D network structure of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which allows high yields of fermentable sugars to be produced in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. In the current review, we summarize the physicochemical properties of RTILs that make them effective solvents for lignocellulose pretreatment including mechanisms of interaction between lignocellulosic biomass subcomponents and RTILs. We also highlight several recent strategies that exploit RTILs and generate high yields of fermentable sugars suitable for downstream biofuel production, and address new opportunities for use of lignocellulosic components, including lignin. Finally, we address some of the challenges that remain before large-scale use of RTILs may be achieved.
The Possibility Principle: Choosing Negative Cases in Comparative Research

A central challenge in qualitative research is selecting the “negative” cases (e.g., nonrevolutions, nonwars) to be included in analyses that seek to explain positive outcomes of interest (e.g., revolutions, wars). Although it is widely recognized that the selection of negative cases is consequential for theory testing, methodologists have yet to formulate specific rules to inform this selection process. In this paper, we propose a principle—the Possibility Principle—that provides explicit, rigorous, and theoretically informed guidelines for choosing a set of negative cases. The Possibility Principle advises researchers to select only negative cases where the outcome of interest is possible. Our discussion elaborates this principle and its implications for current debates about case selection and strategies of theory testing. Major points are illustrated with substantive examples from studies of revolution, economic growth, welfare states, and war.
Two Additional Components of the Accessory Sec System Mediating Export of the Streptococcus gordonii Platelet-Binding Protein GspB

The gspB-secY2A2 locus of Streptococcus gordonii strain M99 encodes the platelet-binding glycoprotein GspB, along with proteins that mediate its glycosylation and export. We have identified two additional components of the accessory Sec system (Asp4 and Asp5) encoded just downstream of gtfB in the gspB-secY2A2 locus. These proteins are required for GspB export and for normal levels of platelet binding by M99. Asp4 and Asp5 may be functional homologues of SecE and SecG, respectively.
Acquisitions personnel management: A librarian’s perspective

Abstract Acquisitions librarians' personnel management responsibilities are discussed. Hiring, evaluating, rewarding, disciplining, staffing levels, staff positions, and staff morale as encountered in academic libraries are treated. Three predominant influences of academia on personnel management are identified: bureaucracy (in its pejorative sense), unions, and the changing roles of librarians.
Three structure-selective endonucleases are essential in the absence of BLM helicase in Drosophila.

DNA repair mechanisms in mitotically proliferating cells avoid generating crossovers, which can contribute to genome instability. Most models for the production of crossovers involve an intermediate with one or more four-stranded Holliday junctions (HJs), which are resolved into duplex molecules through cleavage by specialized endonucleases. In vitro studies have implicated three nuclear enzymes in HJ resolution: MUS81–EME1/Mms4, GEN1/Yen1, and SLX4–SLX1. The Bloom syndrome helicase, BLM, plays key roles in preventing mitotic crossover, either by blocking the formation of HJ intermediates or by removing HJs without cleavage. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants that lack Sgs1 (the BLM ortholog) and either Mus81–Mms4 or Slx4–Slx1 are inviable, but mutants that lack Sgs1 and Yen1 are viable. The current view is that Yen1 serves primarily as a backup to Mus81–Mms4. Previous studies with Drosophila melanogaster showed that, as in yeast, loss of both DmBLM and MUS81 or MUS312 (the ortholog of SLX4) is lethal. We have now recovered and analyzed mutations in Drosophila Gen. As in yeast, there is some redundancy between Gen and mus81; however, in contrast to the case in yeast, GEN plays a more predominant role in responding to DNA damage than MUS81–MMS4. Furthermore, loss of DmBLM and GEN leads to lethality early in development. We present a comparison of phenotypes occurring in double mutants that lack DmBLM and either MUS81, GEN, or MUS312, including chromosome instability and deficiencies in cell proliferation. Our studies of synthetic lethality provide insights into the multiple functions of DmBLM and how various endonucleases may function when DmBLM is absent.
Learning a semantic space from user's relevance feedback for image retrieval

As current methods for content-based retrieval are incapable of capturing the semantics of images, we experiment with using spectral methods to infer a semantic space from user's relevance feedback, so that our system will gradually improve its retrieval performance through accumulated user interactions. In addition to the long-term learning process, we also model the traditional approaches to query refinement using relevance feedback as a short-term learning process. The proposed short- and long-term learning frameworks have been integrated into an image retrieval system. Experimental results on a large collection of images have shown the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed algorithms.
C 2 H 2 Zinc Fingers As DNA Binding Domains

A great number of C2H2 zinc finger proteins selectively bind to specific DNA sequences and play a critical role in controlling transcription of genes. The specific binding is achieved by zinc finger domains with ββα structure that is formed by tetrahedral binding of Zn2+ ion to the canonical cysteine and histidine residues. Two to three tandem zinc fingers are necessary and sufficient for the specific binding without participation of any other domains. Zinc fingers bind in the major groove of the DNA, wrapping around the strands, with specificity conferred by side chains of several amino acid on the α helices. Some zinc finger proteins undergo homodimerization by hydrophobic interactions or by finger-finger binding and reinforce the specific binding to DNA. Conserved linkers between tandem fingers are necessary for stabilizing the DNA complex. Regulatory mechanisms of zinc finger binding to DNA are emerging. Some cellular factors are found to acetylate and phosphorylate zinc fingers and the linkers of a few proteins. These modifications alter the binding activity of the zinc finger proteins and hence control expression of their target genes. Other factors can methylate promoter regions of genes. This modification alters affinity of zinc finger proteins for the DNA segments and hence controls expression of their target genes.
The virtual journal

Abstract Computer networks can be used to disseminate scientific articles quickly and at low cost. Scientific journals serve as official archives, public directories of productive researchers, and bestowers of prestige. In order to serve these purposes, network based scientific journals must resemble printed journals as much as they resemble information retrieval systems. This paper discusses the establishment, organization and funding of computer network based scientific journals. A “virtual” journal has infinite page space, but must also have an editor and an editorial board, to provide a theoretical focus and to monitor the quality of articles. Virtual journal articles differ from other forms of machine readable information in that they have passed an editorial review and can be selectively retrieved on the basis of a reviewer score.
Conformational gating of DNA conductance

DNA is a promising molecule for applications in molecular electronics because of its unique electronic and self-assembly properties. Here we report that the conductance of DNA duplexes increases by approximately one order of magnitude when its conformation is changed from the B-form to the A-form. This large conductance increase is fully reversible, and by controlling the chemical environment, the conductance can be repeatedly switched between the two values. The conductance of the two conformations displays weak length dependencies, as is expected for guanine-rich sequences, and can be fit with a coherence-corrected hopping model. These results are supported by ab initio electronic structure calculations that indicate that the highest occupied molecular orbital is more disperse in the A-form DNA case. These results demonstrate that DNA can behave as a promising molecular switch for molecular electronics applications and also provide additional insights into the huge dispersion of DNA conductance values found in the literature.
Hypervigilance in college students: Associations with betrayal and dissociation and psychometric properties in a Brief Hypervigilance Scale.

Betrayal trauma theory (Freyd, 1994, 1996) proposes that traumas high in social betrayal are expected to lead to psychological outcomes of dissociation, amnesia, and/or shame because these responses are adaptive to a survivor trying to preserve a necessary relationship in the face of mistreatment. Within the field of trauma studies more generally, there is substantial support for the proposition that traumas that cause intense fear should lead to posttraumatic anxiety and hypervigilance. Despite ample evidence for both theorized causal pathways, very few studies have tested associations between betrayal exposure, hypervigilance, and dissociation. The current study had 2 aims: first, as no self-report measure of hypervigilance had been developed for nonveteran populations, we sought to identify a subset of Hypervigilance Questionnaire (Knight, 1993) items that validly and reliably measure hypervigilance within college undergraduates (n = 489; 62.6% female, 69.9% Caucasian) with and without elevated levels of posttraumatic stress. Second, we tested the associations among trauma history, hypervigilance, and dissociation. Psychometric analyses revealed 5 hypervigilance items we introduce as the Brief Hypervigilance Scale. Partial correlations revealed that each posttraumatic response was not related to a history of low betrayal trauma (i.e. non-interpersonal trauma) controlling for betrayal trauma (i.e. interpersonal trauma), but was related to betrayal trauma controlling for low betrayal trauma. These associations remained significant after controlling for the other posttraumatic response (i.e. hypervigilance or dissociation). Follow-up analyses revealed that hypervigilance was independently associated with adult, but not child high betrayal trauma, and the opposite was true for dissociation. Implications for theory, research, and clinical practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
Multicultural Education and Newcomer Youth: Re-Imagining a More Inclusive Vision for Immigrant and Refugee Students

In this article, we draw attention to the discourses and practices of multicultural and culturally relevant education as curricular contexts with long-lasting implications for newcomer youth. To best serve immigrant and refugee students and more explicitly include them in the field's discourse, we argue for a conceptual move to widen the scope of multicultural education and culturally relevant pedagogy. We highlight the tremendous contributions multicultural education approaches have made to equitable education, while also examining the ways in which some of their widespread theoretical framing have yet to address the particular needs of immigrant and refugee youth. We then suggest conceptual shifts to widen their scope to include newcomer youth's varied experiences and identity positions. These shifts are (a) advancing the role of genuine cross-cultural relationships over traditional forms of cross-cultural competence in multicultural educational spaces and (b) abdicating the search for cultural authenti...
Replisom : Disciplined Tiny Memory Replication for Massive IoT Devices in LTE Edge Cloud

Augmenting the long-term evolution (LTE)-evolved NodeB (eNB) with cloud resources offers a low-latency, resilient, and LTE-aware environment for offloading the Internet of Things (IoT) services and applications. By means of devices memory replication, the IoT applications deployed at an LTE-integrated edge cloud can scale its computing and storage requirements to support different resource-intensive service offerings. Despite this potential, the massive number of IoT devices limits the LTE edge cloud responsiveness as the LTE radio interface becomes the major bottleneck given the unscalability of its uplink access and data transfer procedures to support a large number of devices that simultaneously replicate their memory objects with the LTE edge cloud. We propose Replisom ; an LTE-aware edge cloud architecture and an LTE-optimized memory replication protocol which relaxes the LTE bottlenecks by a delay and radio resource-efficient memory replication protocol based on the device-to-device communication technology and the sparse recovery in the theory of compressed sampling. Replisom effectively schedules the memory replication occasions to resolve contentions for the radio resources as a large number of devices simultaneously transmit their memory replicas. Our analysis and numerical evaluation suggest that this system has significant potential in reducing the delay, energy consumption, and cost for cloud offloading of IoT applications given the massive number of devices with tiny memory sizes.
Using 6 DOF vision-inertial tracking to evaluate and improve low cost depth sensor based SLAM

Systems that use low cost depth sensors, to perform 3D reconstructions of environments while simultaneously tracking sensor pose, have received significant attention in recent years. While the majority of publications in the literature on the subject focus on the successes of various 3D scene reconstruction algorithms used, few attempt to quantify the practical limitations of the RGB-D sensors themselves. Furthermore, many publications report successful results while ignoring the many situations in which the systems will be entirely non-functional. In our prior work, using an optical-inertial motion tracker, we evaluated 3 Degree-Of-Freedom (3 DOF) sensor orientation estimation errors existing in a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) implementation based on the popular Microsoft Kinect. In this paper we present and extend our analysis of 3 DOF sensor orientation estimation error, using an optical-inertial motion tracker, to include the full 6 DOF sensor pose (positioning and orientation). We then fully integrate the motion tracker into the original depth sensor-based algorithm, demonstrating improved reliability and accuracy of scene reconstruction.
Methylphenidate Treatment and Home Behavior

Behavioral, situational, and temporal effects of treatment of ADHD with methylphenidate are reported in a study of 91 children receiving MPH (titrated to 0.7 mg/kg twice a day) or placebo for 4 months at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Improved long read correction for de novo assembly using an FM-index

Long read sequencing is changing the landscape of genomic research, especially de novo assembly. Despite the high error rate inherent to long read technologies, increased read lengths dramatically improve the continuity and accuracy of genome assemblies. However, the cost and throughput of these technologies limits their application to complex genomes. One solution is to decrease the cost and time to assemble novel genomes by leveraging “hybrid” assemblies that use long reads for scaffolding and short reads for accuracy. To this end, we describe a novel application of a multi-string Burrows-Wheeler transform with auxiliary FM-index to correct errors in long read sequences using a set of complementary short reads. We show that our method efficiently produces significantly higher quality corrected sequence than existing hybrid error-correction methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method compared to state-of-the-art hybrid and long-read only de novo assembly methods.
Developing a biomimetic tooth bud model

A long-term goal is to bioengineer, fully functional, living teeth for regenerative medicine and dentistry applications. Biologically based replacement teeth would avoid insufficiencies of the currently used dental implants. Using natural tooth development as a guide, a model was fabricated using post-natal porcine dental epithelial (pDE), porcine dental mesenchymal (pDM) progenitor cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) encapsulated within gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels. Previous publications have shown that post-natal DE and DM cells seeded onto synthetic scaffolds exhibited mineralized tooth crowns composed of dentin and enamel. However, these tooth structures were small and formed within the pores of the scaffolds. The present study shows that dental cell-encapsulated GelMA constructs can support mineralized dental tissue formation of predictable size and shape. Individually encapsulated pDE or pDM cell GelMA constructs were analysed to identify formulas that supported pDE and pDM cell attachment, spreading, metabolic activity, and neo-vasculature formation with co-seeded endothelial cells (HUVECs). GelMa constructs consisting of pDE-HUVECS in 3% GelMA and pDM-HUVECs within 5% GelMA supported dental cell differentiation and vascular mineralized dental tissue formation in vivo. These studies are the first to demonstrate the use of GelMA hydrogels to support the formation of post-natal dental progenitor cell-derived mineralized and functionally vascularized tissues of specified size and shape. These results introduce a novel three-dimensional biomimetic tooth bud model for eventual bioengineered tooth replacement teeth in humans. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishing the Minimal Clinical Important Difference and Minimal Detectable Change for the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool

Abstract Objective To establish the minimal detectable change (MDC) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) in a population with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Design Experimental cohort. Setting Laboratory. Participants A convenience sample of individuals with CAI (N=50; 12 men; 38 women; episodes of giving way, 5.84±12.54mo). CAI inclusion criteria included a history of an ankle sprain, recurrent episodes of giving way, and a CAIT score ≤25. Interventions Participants completed demographic information, an injury history questionnaire, and the CAIT. Participants then either participated in 4 weeks of wobble board balance training, resistance tubing strength training, or no intervention. After 4 weeks, participants recompleted the CAIT and recorded their global rating of change (GRC). Main Outcome Measures Dependent variables were pre- and postintervention scores on the CAIT and postintervention GRC. The MDC with 95% confidence interval was calculated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve identified the optimal CAIT cut point (MCID) between improved and unimproved individuals on the basis of their GRC. The area under the curve was used to identify a significant ROC curve (α=.05). Results The average CAIT score preintervention was 16.8±5.6, and postintervention, it was 20.0±5.2. Thirty-one participants (62%) rated themselves as improved on the GRC scale, whereas 19 (38%) were not improved. The ROC curve was significant (area under the curve, .797; P =.001), indicating that the CAIT change score significantly predicted clinical status. The MDC was 3.08, and the MCID was ≥3 points. Conclusions The CAIT has an MDC and MCID of ≥3 points. When CAIT scores are used to assess patient change over time, these scores should be used as a minimum threshold to indicate detectable and clinically meaningful improvement.
On The Area of the Spectrum of an Element of a Uniform Algebra

In classical function theory, the area of the image of a holomorphic function was usually computed with multiplicity. In [5], Alexander, Taylor and Ullman obtained an estimate for the area, without multiplicity, of the image of a function holomorphic in the unit disc. This had applications to function theory.