cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constituted through Conflict: Images of Community (and Nation) in Bulgarian Rural Ritual

Following the 20th anniversary of Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities, this article extrapolates how attention to actual notions of community might redirect his important intervention. It suggests that locally and culturally specific ideas about collectivity shape the experience and expectations of national-level projections. To demonstrate this outcome the analysis focuses on Bulgarian mumming—spectacular winter rituals in which threatening masked figures transverse villages to banish evil and bring good fortune. While these rituals clearly reinforce social solidarity, they represent a local notion of community in which conflict, both intra-and interethnic, is elemental and constitutive. This image of community does not demand consensus or homogeneity when imagined on a national scale. Such variations in community notions may help explain the diversity of national experiences increasingly documented by ethnographers.
EXPLAINING CREDIT PROBLEMS IN THE U.S. CONSUMER DURABLE GOODS INDUSTRY IN TH E 1930'S: CREDIT CHANNEL OR BANK LIQUIDITY PREFERENCE?

Argument is made, contra Temin, that the recovery of the consumer durable goods industry in the 1930’s was stalled by a breakdown in markets for dealers’ inventory financing and consumer installment credit. The Friedman-Schwartz-Hamilton-Bernanke view holds that durable goods sector credit problems in the Depression were linked to Federal Reserve tightening measures via the “credit” channel of the transmission mechanism. The view is expressed that , though the FED could have done more to ease conditions, congestion in markets for wholesale and retail finance developed for reasons largely unrelated to the prevailing course of monetary policy. A shift, beginning in late 1930, in the average preference of banks for liquid and/or re-discountable portfolio assets, or a change in bank liquidity preference, is interpreted to be a primary cause of diminished credit available to durable goods retailers and buyers during the 1931-33 period. The bank liquidity preference hypothesis is supported by data on the shifting composition of bank assets in favor of investment grade securities, a fall in the ratio of loans to deposits, a steepening of the Treasury yield curve, as well as the time path of high-powered money after 1930.
Myocardial aging: antioxidant enzyme systems and related biochemical properties

The effects of aging on myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and other related biochemical properties were investigated in male Wistar-Furth rats at 4, 26, and 31 mo of age at rest and after an acute exercise bout. The results showed that resting heart cytosolic superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) activity was significantly decreased in the heart with aging (66 +/- 6.5 U/mg protein at 4 mo vs. 49 +/- 3.8 U/mg protein at 31 mo) and was elevated in all age groups after exercise. Mitochondrial Mn SOD activity was almost doubled in both 26- and 31-mo-old rats compared with that at 4 mo. Myocardial catalase and cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were significantly decreased with age, whereas mitochondrial GPX was 29% higher (P less than 0.05) in 31- than 4-mo-old rats. Glutathione S-transferase activity in the heart also declined with age (P less than 0.05 at 31 mo). Malondialdehyde contents in both heart homogenate and mitochondria were significantly increased at old age. Activity of several enzymes related to myocardial energy production, e.g., citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as myocardial protein content showed an age-related decline. These data indicate that myocardial antioxidant capacity is weakened during aging and that the compensatory increases of mitochondrial SOD and GPX may be an important mechanism in coping with free radical damage in senescent heart. Findings in the present investigation seem to support the free radical theory of aging.
A Theory of Takeover Bidding

In this paper, we present a model of takeover bidding. Grossman and Hart (1980a) argue that small shareholders in a diffusely held firm would hold on to their shares rather than tendering and earn the higher post takeover return. This "free rider" problem precludes profitable takeovers from ever occurring. However, this problem does not exist in our model. In equilibrium every type of the raider successfully hides her private information in the offer stage, thus earning positive profits. We also show that the higher the fraction of the shares the incumbent initially holds, the higher the equilibrium tender offer price. Contrary to Grossman and Hart (1980b), voluntary full disclosure of private information may not be the outcome even when misrepresenting is not feasible. Moreover, enforcement of disclosure laws may lead to a sub-optimal outcome. Finally, we discuss the design of the optimal corporate charter and show that the optimal choice of the supermajority rule depends on the incumbent's initial holdings.
Constraining OCT with Knowledge of Device Design Enables High Accuracy Hemodynamic Assessment of Endovascular Implants

Background Stacking cross-sectional intravascular images permits three-dimensional rendering of endovascular implants, yet introduces between-frame uncertainties that limit characterization of device placement and the hemodynamic microenvironment. In a porcine coronary stent model, we demonstrate enhanced OCT reconstruction with preservation of between-frame features through fusion with angiography and a priori knowledge of stent design.
The Effect of Roughness Model on Scattering Properties of Ice Crystals.

We compare stochastic models of microscale surface roughness assuming uniform and Weibull distributions of crystal facet tilt angles to calculate scattering by roughened hexagonal ice crystals using the geometric optics (GO) approximation. Both distributions are determined by similar roughness parameters, while the Weibull model depends on the additional shape parameter. Calculations were performed for two visible wavelengths (864 nm and 410 nm) for roughness values between 0.2 and 0.7 and Weibull shape parameters between 0 and 1.0 for crystals with aspect ratios of 0.21, 1 and 4.8. For this range of parameters we find that, for a given roughness level, varying the Weibull shape parameter can change the asymmetry parameter by up to about 0.05. The largest effect of the shape parameter variation on the phase function is found in the backscattering region, while the degree of linear polarization is most affected at the side-scattering angles. For high roughness, scattering properties calculated using the uniform and Weibull models are in relatively close agreement for a given roughness parameter, especially when a Weibull shape parameter of 0.75 is used. For smaller roughness values, a shape parameter close to unity provides a better agreement. Notable differences are observed in the phase function over the scattering angle range from 5deg to 20deg, where the uniform roughness model produces a plateau while the Weibull model does not.
The Role of Epithelial Sodium Channel ENaC and the Apical Cl-/HCO3- Exchanger Pendrin in Compensatory Salt Reabsorption in the Setting of Na-Cl Cotransporter (NCC) Inactivation

Background The absence of NCC does not cause significant salt wasting in NCC deficient mice under basal conditions. We hypothesized that ENaC and pendrin play important roles in compensatory salt absorption in the setting of NCC inactivation, and their inhibition and/or downregulation can cause significant salt wasting in NCC KO mice. Methods WT and NCC KO mice were treated with a daily injection of either amiloride, an inhibitor of ENaC, or acetazolamide (ACTZ), a blocker of salt and bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule and an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrases in proximal tubule and intercalated cells, or a combination of acetazolamide plus amiloride for defined durations. Animals were subjected to daily balance studies. At the end of treatment, kidneys were harvested and examined. Blood samples were collected for electrolytes and acid base analysis. Results Amiloride injection significantly increased the urine output (UO) in NCC KO mice (from 1.3 ml/day before to 2.5 ml/day after amiloride, p 0.05). The increase in UO in NCC KO mice was associated with a significant increase in sodium excretion (from 0.25 mmol/24 hrs at baseline to 0.35 mmol/24 hrs after amiloride injection, p 80% reduction of kidney pendrin expression in both WT and NCC KO mice. However, ACTZ treatment noticeably increased urine output and salt excretion only in NCC KO mice (with urine output increasing from a baseline of 1.1 ml/day to 2.3 ml/day and sodium excretion increasing from 0.22 mmole/day before to 0.31 mmole/day after ACTZ) in NCC KO mice; both parameters were significantly higher than in WT mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated significant enhancement in ENaC expression in medulla and cortex of NCC KO and WT mice in response to ACTZ injection for 6 days, and treatment with amiloride in ACTZ-pretreated mice caused a robust increase in salt excretion in both NCC KO and WT mice. Pendrin KO mice did not display a significant increase in urine output or salt excretion after treatment with amiloride or ACTZ. Conclusion 1. ENaC plays an important role in salt reabsorption in NCC KO mice. 2. NCC contributes to compensatory salt reabsorption in the setting of carbonic anhydrase inhibition, which is associated with increased delivery of salt from the proximal tubule and the down regulation of pendrin. 3. ENaC is upregulated by ACTZ treatment and its inhibition by amiloride causes significant diuresis in NCC KO and WT mice. Despite being considered mild agents individually, we propose that the combination of acetazolamide and amiloride in the setting of NCC inhibition (i.e., hydrochlorothiazide) will be a powerful diuretic regimen.
Ammonia excretion and renal glutaminase activity during administration of strong acid and buffer acid.

ConclusionsActivation of renal glutaminase during administration of NH4C1 does not appear to result from pre-renal effects of the acid load, since physiologically equivalent loads of NaH2P04 produced the same slight depression of serum bicarbonate but affected neither excretion of ammonia nor activity of renal glutaminase. Rather, it appears that activation of glutaminase is related to changes, as yet unidentified, within the kidney.
Survey on AIDS-related Knowledge and Behaviors Among College Students in Yuelu District,Changsha City

Objective To investigate the situation of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and sexual behavior among college students in Yuelu District,and to further study the content and methods of health education about HIV/AIDS conducted among them.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 804 college students selected by stratified cluster random sampling from Yuelu District.Results The general awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge in the students was 91.17%.There were statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge between male and female students(χ2=10.600,P0.001).42(5.22%) students confessed to have sexual behaviors.No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of sexual behavior between the sexes.The proportions of condom use at first sexual intercourse in boys and girls were 37.93% and 76.92%,respectively.The rate of receiving AIDS prevention services in the last 12 months was 43.53%(350/804),and the proportion of having HIV antibody test in the last 12 months was 2.11%(17/804).Conclusions Though the college students have some understanding of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge,the consciousness and skills for self-healthcare and self-protection against HIV/AIDS are still not enough.It is necessary to strengthen HIV/AIDS-related health education and simultaneously conduct targeted behavioral intervention based on the characteristics and demands of college students so as to improve their knowledge levels and awareness of prevention and reduce the risk of the spread of AIDS.
Fixed Point Theorem About Cone Expansion and Compression of Concave Functional Type

This paper presents a retract in Banach spaces by means of concave functional and gives a fixed point theorem about cone expansion and compression of concave functional type which extends and complements the previous results.
Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat.

Through a decade of research, peroxidation has been implicated in human retinal degenerations. Ocular siderosis, or iron in the eye, has long been known to result in retinal degeneration. Certain retinotoxic drugs, such as adriamycin, are believed to act by peroxidative mechanisms. The retina can also be damaged by excess light, presumably through photo-oxidative processes. Senile macular degeneration is yet another candidate for peroxidation-induced degeneration. Finally, retinopathy of prematurity occurs only in premature infants housed in elevated levels of atmospheric oxygen. Although the agent in each of these insults may be different, cell destruction and death apparently proceed through pathways common to lipid or protein oxidation.
Use of Health Belief Model Variables To Examine Self-Reported Food Handling Behaviors in a Sample of U.S. Adults Attending a Tailgate Event.

Unsafe food handling behaviors are common among consumers, and, given the venue, individuals attending a tailgating event may be at risk for foodborne illness. The objective of this study was to measure the association between Health Belief Model variables and self-reported usual food handling behaviors in a convenience sample of men and women at a tailgate event. Participants (n = 128) completed validated subscales for self-reported food handling behaviors (i.e., cross-contamination, sanitation), perceived threat of foodborne illness (i.e., perceived severity, perceived susceptibility), and safe food handling cues to action (i.e., media cues, educational cues). Perceived severity of foodborne illness was associated with safer behaviors related to sanitation (r = 0.40; P < 0.001) and cross-contamination (r = 0.33; P = 0.001). Perceived severity of foodborne illness was also associated with exposure to safe food handling media cues (r = 0.20; P = 0.027) but not with safe food handling educational cues. A l...
Rehospitalization Following Neonatal Cardiac Surgery: Risk Factors and Outcomes.

Objective The aim of the study is to determine the number and indications of unplanned hospital readmissions and emergency room visits for children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or transposition of great arteries (TGA). Design This retrospective chart review involved children with HLHS or TGA who underwent neonatal surgical repair in a single Children's Hospital. Statistical analysis (SPSS 22.0) included chi-square test, t -test, and binary logistic regression. Results Our study cohort ( n = 117) comprised 28 children with HLHS and 89 with TGA who were followed for a mean (standard deviation, SD) duration of 4.7 (3.2) years. Unplanned readmissions ( n = 153) occurred in 46 (39.3%) children, a mean (SD) number of 1.3 (2.8) for a median (interquartile range, IQR) of 8 (2–28) days per patient. Indications were respiratory (57.5%), gastrointestinal (18.3%), and cardiac (12.4%) in nature. On binary regression, with birth weight, race, and gestational age as covariates, among children with HLHS, increasing gestational age tended to be associated with a lower risk of readmissions (odds ratio [OR] 0.138; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.018–1.031, p = 0.054]. The mean (SD) number of emergency room visits ( n = 261) was 3.2 (9.7) in 42 (35.9%) infants for minor illnesses (64%) or gastrointestinal (13.8%) problems. Conclusion The majority of children with HLHS and TGA have unplanned readmissions. Home-care surveillance programs may reduce health-care utilization in this population.
Objections to the Equal Weight View

Thus far we have seen that in an idealized disagreement, each opinion is to be given equal weight. In such a scenario, the higher-order evidence about each party is equally good — the evidence about each party is equally good, and the evidence supports that each party is equally good. So, the proper thing to do is to give each party’s opinion equal evidential weight. We have also seen that when you give the opinion of the other party to an idealized disagreement its proper weight, you get a reason to split the difference with that party. You thereby have a reason to adopt the doxastic attitude midway between the two original conflicting doxastic attitudes. While this reason to split the difference can itself be defeated, it is not defeated in as many ways as has been thought.
The Contributing Role of Bile Acids to Metabolic Improvements After Obesity and Metabolic Surgery

Obesity and metabolic surgery (OMS) leads to several metabolic improvements, which often occur prior to substantial weight loss. Therefore, other factors in addition to weight loss contribute to the metabolic benefits. This literature review offers an overview of studies investigating bile acids (BAs) and their metabolic effects after OMS. Rearrangement of enterohepatic circulation, changes in BA synthesis, BA conjugation, intestinal reabsorption, and alterations in the gut microbiota are potential mechanisms for altered BA profiles after surgery. Increased BA levels are associated with improved glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, which are mediated by two major receptors: the Transmembrane G-protein Coupled Receptor and the Farnesoid X Receptor. Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of BAs and their receptors may be viable targets for less invasive obesity treatment.
Topology optimization for efficient heat removal in 3D packages

In this study, we describe a strategy and code for optimal thermal design of multi-layer electronic structures and assemblies. A steady state heat conduction finite element analysis code is coupled with a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm to determine the optimal thermal design of thermal interface material (TIM), heat spreader and thermal through silicon vias (TSVs) under specified metallization percentage constraints. The optimization is carried out using the solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method to iteratively update the (finite) element material density until the optimal material density distribution of designated regions is achieved. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis was implemented to enable efficient optimization. The results demonstrate an easy to use, efficient and automated, thermal design tool for 3D packages that could provide early stage thermal design evaluation and optimization.
Open-Channel Flows

Streams and man-made channels have a free-water surface exposed to the atmosphere, so they are known as open channels. The cross-sectional area of flow can vary at a given place in a channel, and the velocity of flow depends on several variables. Pressure is atmospheric, and the energy causing the flow is elevational energy (gravity); gravity drives water in a channel from higher to lower elevations. This chapter discusses principles of open-channel flow and hydraulics; the design of unlined, lined, and vegetated channels are presented with some examples.
Thermochronology constraints on Miocene exhumation in the Central Range Mountains, Trinidad

The Central Range fault zone is a continental transform that accommodates most of the present-day slip between the Caribbean and South American plates in Trinidad. Global positioning system data and paleoseismic work suggest that this zone is active today and has been active for at least the past several thousand years. The modern fault zone overprints a middle Miocene fold-and-thrust belt; therefore, the strain recorded in the Central Range fault zone is the sum of both middle Miocene and more recent events. Thermochronology data from Eocene and Oligocene sandstones in the Central Range were collected to evaluate the timing of exhumation driven by crustal shortening and thickening. (U-Th)/He zircon analysis of subhedral zircons collected from eight samples indicated that the burial temperatures of these sedimentary rocks did not exceed ∼180 °C, suggesting that these grains record detrital (U-Th)/He dates. Apatite fission-track (AFT) analysis of 10 samples yielded mixed results, with cooling ages ranging from 30 to 15 Ma; however, most sites failed the χ2 test, suggesting that multiple age cohorts are present. Pooled AFT ages suggest that rocks presently at the surface were exhumed through their AFT closure temperature ca. 11−18 Ma. Cooling and exhumation thus most likely resulted from middle Miocene shortening across the fold-and-thrust belt in response to early oblique convergence between the Caribbean and South America plates. Post-Miocene deformation associated with more recent transform tectonics has therefore resulted in more limited (<∼4 km), if any, exhumation.
Spillover Bias in Cross-Border Minimum Wage Studies: Evidence from a Gravity Model

This paper explores the problem of spillover bias in cross-border studies of the minimum wage using a commuter gravity model on county-level data from 2009 to 2013. Commuter flows conform to the expectations of the gravity equation, but flows across county borders are sensitive to changes in the minimum wage rate, which implies that minimum wage employment effect estimates using contiguous counties are likely to suffer from spillover bias. One way to address this bias is to include a control ring between treatment and comparison counties, although this solution may introduce biases of its own. A gravity model that includes a control ring affirms that this alternative comparison group can address this spillover bias problem.
Surgical Management of Lymph Node Metastases

Lymph node metastases are common with some types of thyroid cancer, and less common with others. Papillary thyroid cancer quite commonly includes spread to the lymph nodes at presentation, which can be managed by operative resection, radioiodine therapy, or a combination of both. The management strategy for potential nodal disease depends first upon the identification of the disease when present. The preoperative documentation of nodal disease allows the patient and the surgeon to plan appropriate intervention. If the staging ultrasound does not show node metastases, then there should be an active evaluation of the central (level 6) lymph nodes during operation for evidence of metastasis.
Sumatriptan Nasal Spray for Acute Migraine

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sumatriptan nasal spray (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg) was conducted in 653 adolescents presenting with acute migraine at the Palm Beach Headache Center, Florida; Cleveland Clinic, OH; Michigan Headache Institute, Ann Arbor; and San Antonio Center, TX.
Low temperature dielectric loss characteristics of polypropylene

The dielectric loss of several commercial polypropylene films having different morphologies has been measured at temperatures in the range 4.2–273K. The effect of annealing on the dielectric loss characteristics of the film has also been examined. Significant differences in loss behavior were observed between unannealed films as well as between unannealed and annealed films. Loss peaks were variously observed at 130K (γ peak) and 30K. Evidence pointing to an apparent loss peak below 4.2K has also been obtained. The 30K peak corresponds to one previously found in mechanical relaxation experiments. The apparent existence of a peak below 4.2K may, by analogy with studies on polyethylene, be attributed to the presence of antioxidant. The suitability of polypropylene, in tape form, as electric insulation for superconducting high power transmission cables operated at 6–9K, will be discussed in the light of the present study.
Awakening Student Ownership: Transitioning to a Student-Centered Environment

“DOES OUR MASK HAVE TO LOOK LIKE THAT?” “I want to make mine a sparkly unicorn!” These were the types of statements I fought against all year as my 8th-graders reluctantly sculpted and painted West...
PERSISTENCE AND TOXICITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL IN CORNMEAL

Chlorpyrifos-methyl-treated polymer film produced residues of the insecticide in cornmeal from small bags wrapped in the film for 3 months. Residues increased during 6 - 9 months storage of the bag...
Layer-by-layer assembled membranes with immobilized porins

New and advanced opportunities are arising for the synthesis and functionalization of membranes with selective separation, reactivity, and stimuli-responsive behavior. One such advancement is the integration of bio-based channels in membrane technologies. By a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes, outer membrane protein F trimers (OmpF) or “porins” from Escherichia coli with central pores ∼2 nm in diameter at their opening and ∼0.7 × 1.1 nm at their constricted region are immobilized within the pores of poly(vinylidene fluoride) microfiltration membranes, in contrast to traditional ruptured lipid bilayer or vesicle processes. These OmpF-membranes demonstrate selective rejection of non-charged organics over ionic solutes, allowing the passage of up to 2 times more salts than traditional nanofiltration membranes starting with rejections of 84% for 0.4 to 1.0 kDa organics. The presence of charged groups in OmpF-membranes also leads to pH-dependent salt rejection through Donnan exclusion. These OmpF-membranes also show exceptional durability and stability, delivering consistent and constant permeability and recovery for over 160 h of operation. Characterization of the solutions containing OmpF and the membranes was conducted during each stage of the process, including detection by fluorescence labelling (FITC), zeta potential, pH responsiveness, flux changes, and rejection of organic–inorganic solutions.
Application of underground short-haul freight pipelines to large airports

Abstract The Dallas Fort Worth International Airport handles about 600,000 metric tons of cargo annually. These shipments are currently transported by trucks from the airport cargo terminals. An underground freight transportation (UFT) system has the potential to substantially reduce the truck traffic within the DFW Airport area and thus improve safety, efficiency, and air quality. The main reason for designing a UFT system in the DFW Airport is security vulnerability, when trucks drive under or near active runways and taxiways and may have hazardous or explosive cargo. Besides, the proposed UFT system is expected to reduce the number of trucks on airport grounds and the airport access roadways, thus enhancing both the roadway access capacity and safety as well as reducing adverse environmental impacts such as emissions and noise. The objective of this paper is to examine the feasibility of underground short-haul freight pipelines to a large airport such as Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport. The proposed short-haul UFT system transports standard air freight crates between an airport cargo terminal and a distribution center off the secured airport grounds. The DFW Airport UFT system design includes planning level configurations of the tracks, vehicle, propulsion system, end-point terminals, and loading/unloading mechanisms at those terminals. Operational attributes such as speeds, headways, loading/unloading times, and line capacities are also determined.
Linking Pastoralists to a Heterogeneous Landscape

Experience gained inlooking at land-use change issues over recent decades has shown that human land-use strategies impact and are simultaneously impacted by ecological patterns and processes. In this chapter, we provide an example of a methodology to quantify the linkages between people and environment in a communal resource landscape and detect the impacts of landscape patterns on human land use. Pastoral production strategies in semiarid regions were predicated historically on opportunistic and extensive livestock movements in search of grazing and water across heterogeneous landscapes. However, macroscale political-economic factors that drive land subdivision and economic sedentarization compromise the ability of herders to maintain large-scale and opportunistic grazing patterns by fragmenting the landscape. We used remote sensing, GIS, GPS, and household socioeconomic surveys to: (1) identify a methodology to quantify the ecological heterogeneity of pastoral landscapes in Kajiado District, Kenya, (2) identify the daily spatial scale of pastoral resource use, and (3) illustrate the degree of seasonal variability inherent in this example of a semiarid pastoral system. We defined landscape heterogeneity using NDVI images for wet and dry periods of the year, a 1-km resolution digital elevation model, and a soils layer. We merged heterogeneity layers for wet/dry NDVI, elevation, and soils to form six combinations of heterogeneity indices, then used Monte Carlo assessments to quantify the degree of selection pastoralists made for landscape heterogeneity. Daily pathways did not reveal selection within seasons. Daily path lengths were related to the degree of subdivision and economic sedentarization of households. Integrating annual grazing pathways into these analyses will be a key to better depicting pastoralists’ relationships with landscape heterogeneity.
Integrating the Information from Eyes and Hands: A Developmental Account

Questions about the relations among the senses have historic roots (Aristotle, 1941; Brentano, 1977). To understand the mechanisms by which perceptual information is equated or transferred between two or more perceptual subsystems (see J.J. Gibson, 1966) is to arrive at the fundamental questions of attention, perception, and learning. The scope of the problem may account for why theorists have, off and on, taken up the problem since the time of ancient Greece (see Boring, 1942). Here, my aims will be less ambitious. I will restrict myself to a few topics that deal with the relation between vision and haptics (active grasping and touching) from a developmental perspective. I intend to examine what we know about intersensory abilities during infancy and early childhood, because many of the issues quite naturally point us in that direction.
The Differentiation Between Neurotic Depression and Anxiety and Drug Treatment

ABSTRACT Nine hundred thirteen anxious patients treated with chlordiazepoxide or placebo and 928 depressed patients treated with amitriptyline or placebo, who had participated in one of a series of double-blind drug trials of 4-6 weeks duration conducted by this research group over several years, were compared in terms of demographic factors, illness history, presenting symptomatology and response to treatment in an effort to explore group differences in these factors. Discriminant function analyses of physician ratings of symptomatology assessed with the Physician Questionnaire (PQ) revealed that nearly all the diagnostic discrimination between anxious and depressed patients is contained in physician estimates of the severity of the two cardinal symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results from analyses of patient-rated symptom dimensions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) were similar in that again the two largest discriminators are anxiety and depression. In evaluating change produced by drug and placebo over a 4 week treatment period, it was found that all groups (active drugs and placebo) improved significantly but that improvement produced by active drugs was significantly greater than that produced by placebo.
The Role of Chemoprevention in the Prevention of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Annually, over 1 million breast biopsies are performed. While most of these biopsies result in benign findings, nearly 10% of breast biopsies will result in a diagnosis of a high-risk lesion conferring an elevated risk of future breast cancer. Estimates suggest that 2 million women in the United States and 500,000 women in the United Kingdom are eligible and have favorable cost-benefit profiles for the prophylactic use of breast cancer prevention medications. Despite the consistent data demonstrating that prevention medications reduce breast cancer risk, mean uptake and adherence to these medications in eligible patients remain low.
In their Own Voices: Experiences of Dalit Students in Higher Education Institutions

This qualitative study explores the experiences of Dalit students in one of the state universities of Uttar Pradesh in India. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was conducted to understand the experiences of Dalit students at higher education institutions, including caste-based prejudice and discrimination on campus. A total of seven themes emerged indicating caste-based prejudice and discrimination against Dalit students in both explicit and subtle ways at various levels of the university. Caste-based discrimination, humiliation, and exclusion were experienced by Dalit students at the level of fellow students, faculty, and administration.
Analysis of Sparse Roadway Trajectories

Recent technological advances enable the gathering of extensive data on vehicular trajectories of large numbers of travelers at an unprecedented level of detail. Such trajectory datasets provide a wealth of information for purposes such as urban planning, carpool formation, and public-transportation design. This paper describes methods for analyzing and visualizing such data with an emphasis on sparse-traffic environments. It outlines the needs of applications in this domain and presents methods for clustering trajectories and for visualizing the results. The methods are evaluated by an experimental study on a publicly available dataset from real travelers.
Effect of Knots and Related Grain Deviation on the Rolling Shear in Dimension Lumber Used in Cross-Laminated Timber Transverse Core Layers

Abstract Cross-laminated timber (CLT) technology has the potential for utilization of lower grades and underused species of lumber, because the core layers perpendicular to the principal loading di...
Hugoniot, sound velocity, and shock temperature of MgO to 2300 GPa

MgO is a major constituent of the ${\text{MgO-FeO-SiO}}_{2}$ system that comprises the Earth's mantle and that of super-Earth exoplanets. Knowledge of its high-pressure behavior is important for modeling the more complex compounds. This paper presents measurements of the principal Hugoniot, sound velocity, and temperature of MgO, shocked to pressures of 710 to 2300 GPa using laser-driven compression. The Hugoniot and temperature measurements compare favorably to previous results constraining the shock response of MgO at extreme conditions. The Gr\"uneisen parameter was calculated from the Hugoniot and sound velocity data and was found to be underpredicted by tabular models. The sound velocity of liquid MgO is overpredicted by models implying that the quantity of partial melt required to match decreased wave speeds in ultralow velocity zones in the lower mantle may be less than previously assumed and experiments at lower-mantle pressures are needed.
Right brain: Art and the restoration of identity in dementia.

What can we do to restore identity in a disease that strips the very essence of personal identity in nearly every individual unfortunate to meet its path?1
Trap characterization in ultra-wide bandgap Al0.65Ga0.4N/Al0.4Ga0.6N MOSHFET's with ZrO2 gate dielectric using optical response and cathodoluminescence

Ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) AlGaN-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs) with a ZrO2 gate dielectric achieve peak current in excess of 0.4 A/mm and current ON/OFF ratios >106 with subthreshold swings as low as 110 mV/decade. These devices have strong potential for use in power and radio frequency electronics or as true solar-blind photodetectors. In this work, we present the photoresponse analysis in UWBG AlGaN MOSHFETs. Persistent photoconductivity with the decay time above 10 minutes can be quenched by illuminating with strong UV light at 365 nm and 254 nm, suggesting deep traps to be responsible for this behavior. Upon correlating the optical response under various illumination conditions with cathodoluminescence of these devices, we identified two key trap levels at ∼2.48 ± 0.14 eV and 3.76 ± 0.06 eV, controlling the slow response time. By depth-profiling using cathodoluminescence, these traps are identified to be at the AlN/AlGaN interface at the back of the device, due to partial relaxation from the lattice mismatch between AlN and Al0.4Ga0.6N.
Assignment and Location Problems in Supply Chains

This chapter delves into problems that require assigning customer demands to supply sources. When no fixed cost exists for using a supply source and supply sources are capacitated, we have a generalized assignment problem (GAP). When fixed costs are incurred for using a supply source, then the problem is a classical facility location problem (FLP). We consider both capacitated and uncapacitated facility location problems, as well as the implications of requiring single sourcing constraints that do not allow splitting a demand between supply sources. Within these problem classes, we analyze two different forms of demand flexibility. The first type of flexibility corresponds to what we saw in the last two chapters, i.e., each demand must be either fully accepted or rejected. The second type of flexibility requires satisfying each demand, but the quantity (e.g., size, number of units) at which a demand is satisfied must fall between prespecified lower and upper limits, while revenue is proportional to the level at which the demand is satisfied. This chapter defines several such assignment and location models containing these dimensions of demand flexibility.
TICAGRELOR VERSUS PRASUGREL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: AN INSIGHT FROM A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS

With the exception of ISAR-REACT 5 trial, majority of randomized trials (RCTs) compared third generation P2Y12 inhibitors (Prasugrel and Ticagrelor) to Clopidogrel. We performed a network meta-analysis comparing Prasugrel to Ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We included
Alterations of Brain Signal Oscillations in Older Individuals with HIV Infection and Parkinson's Disease.

More than 30 years after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, HIV patients are now aging due to the advances of antiretroviral therapy. With immunosenescence and the susceptibility of dopamine-rich basal ganglia regions to HIV-related injury, older HIV patients may show neurofunctional deficits similar to patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We examined the amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) across different frequency bands of the BOLD signal in 30 older HIV-infected individuals, 33 older healthy controls, and 36 PD patients. Participants underwent resting-state fMRI, neuropsychological testing, and a clinical motor exam. HIV patients mainly showed abnormalities in cortical ALFF with reduced prefrontal amplitudes and enhanced sensorimotor and inferior temporal amplitudes. Frontal hypoactivation was overlapping for HIV and PD groups and different from controls. PD patients further exhibited reduced pallidum amplitudes compared to the other groups. In the HIV group, lower pallidum amplitudes were associated with lower CD4+ nadir and CD4+ T cell counts. Abnormalities in ALFF dynamics were largely associated with cognitive and motor functioning in HIV and PD groups. The disruption of neurofunctional frequency dynamics in subcortical-cortical circuits could contribute to the development of cognitive and motor dysfunction and serve as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression with immunosenescence.
Add-on or alone? Inhaled nebulized immunoglobulin reduces upper airway infections: 24 months of real-life experience.

Background: Patients with antibody deficiencies might suffer from acute/chronic upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), despite apparently adequate levels of replacement IgG. This pilot study aimed to ascertain whether inhaled nebulized immunoglobulin (INHIG) could reduce the number of URTI episodes. Methods: Three young, male sibling patients with antibody deficiency who, despite ongoing treatment, were suffering from frequent URTI and recurrent otitis media. INHIG consisted of 4 ml intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG; 5%) nebulized with the eFLOW® nebulizer, twice daily. Data from meticulous infection symptoms diaries were used for analysis. Results: The patients tolerated the INHIG well; no adverse events were registered. The number of URTI was significantly decreased. Conclusion: In antibody deficient patients with URTI, INHIG reduces the incidence of URTI and may serve as a valuable physiological prophylaxis in the prevention of infections.
Blogadapting: Adaptation Experiences among Expatriate Bloggers

Increased global communication is adjusting traditional models of cross-cultural communication. Specifically, changes in international communication processes have caused increased scrutiny of cros...
Very High-Dose Furosemide Continuous Infusions: A Case Series.

Abstract Background There is paucity of data evaluating the efficacy and safety of very high-dose furosemide continuous infusions (≥40 mg/h) for volume removal. This infusion is a novel strategy of loop diuretic administration that may add valuable data to current literature. Methods and Results This was a retrospective chart review. Patients were eligible for inclusion if prescribed a very high-dose furosemide infusion (defined as ≥40 mg/h, up to 240 mg/h) from April 1, 2017, to January 1, 2019, at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. Data collected included the change in cumulative urine output, net urine output, incidence of acute kidney injury, occurrences of hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities, body weight, and ototoxicity. Twenty-two patients were included in this analysis. The median change in 24-hour urine output from before to after very high-dose continuous furosemide infusion increased from 1193 mL at 24 hours before infusion initiation to 3518 mL at 24 hours after infusion initiation (P Conclusions Very high-dose furosemide continuous infusions provide a significant increase in diuresis without worsening renal function, disturbing electrolytes, or increasing the risk of ototoxicity. Further studies are necessary to examine the efficacy and safety of this novel strategy.
Perceived fan associations with MLB teams: bask inspite of reflected failure versus cut off reflected success

While Campbell et al.'s (2004) quadruple grid of team identification has received substantial attention in sport literature (Jensen et al., 2016), only a few empirical-based studies looked at deviant fan tendencies, such as basking in spite of reflected failure (BIRF) and cutting off reflected success (CORS). This study fills the gap by empirically examining two components of team identification perceived by 1,419 MLB fans. Visual maps exhibited a broad pendulum of how fans associate themselves and their orderly relationships compared to BIRFers and CORSers empirical samples. The 16 fan association types can be interpreted as a behavioural gauge sports fans regularly use in their consumption of Major League Baseball (MLB). Regression results suggest marketing insights for MLB operators who target BIRFers or CORSers: focus on non-performance interests of fans including starter players, levels of competition, on-field management and decision-making, concessions, and retelling team history as an antecedent to fan's psychological connection with teams.
Koopman-Based Approach to Nonintrusive Reduced Order Modeling: Application to Aerodynamic Shape Optimization and Uncertainty Propagation

A methodology for nonintrusive projection-based nonlinear model reduction originally presented by Renganathan et al. (“Koopman-Based Approach to Nonintrusive Projection-Based Reduced-Order Modeling...
The Leptospiral General Secretory Protein D (GspD), a secretin, elicits complement-independent bactericidal antibody against diverse Leptospira species and serovars.

Abstract Leptospirosis, the most common zoonotic infection worldwide, is a multi-system disorder affecting the kidney, liver, and lungs. Infections can be asymptomatic, self-limiting or progress to multi-organ system failure and pulmonary hemorrhage. The incidence of canine and human leptospirosis is steadily increasing worldwide. At least sixty-four Leptospira species and several hundred lipopolysaccharide-based serovars have been defined. Preventive vaccines are available for use in veterinary medicine and limited use in humans in some countries. All commercially available vaccines are bacterin formulations that consist of a combination of laboratory cultivated strains of different lipopolysaccharide serotypes. The development of a broadly protective subunit vaccine would represent a significant step forward in efforts to combat leptospirosis in humans, livestock, and companion animals worldwide. Here we investigate the potential of G eneral s ecretory p rotein D (GspD; LIC11570), a secretin, to serve as a possible antigen in a multi-valent vaccine formulation. GspD is conserved, expressed in vitro, antigenic during infection and elicits antibody with complement independent bactericidal activity. Importantly, antibody to GspD is bactericidal against diverse Leptospira species of the P1 subclade. Epitope mapping localized the bactericidal epitopes to the N-terminal N0 domain of GspD. The data within support further exploration of GspD as a candidate for inclusion in a next generation multi-protein subunit vaccine.
Liar, Liar, Pants On Fire: How Deception Is Burning The Criminal Justice System

Spoken from the lips of an officer, a little white lie, like a little red match, can create an uncontrollable fire with the power to incinerate the criminal justice system. For decades, police deception has been a pervasive component of interrogations and this has led to high rates of false confessions, public distrust of the police, and has undermined the police as a moral authority. As a result of this police deception, not only are more innocents wrongfully convicted, but the criminal justice system becomes less effective as the public no longer trusts the police enough to cooperate with them or follow their moral path. As such, the Supreme Court has criticized these common practices of police deception, however, it has never prohibited it. This Article argues that not only should police deception in interrogations be prohibited for the harmful outcomes it produces, but it should also be prohibited because it violates the Fifth Amendment as a form of phycological coercion as it psychologically manipulates suspects and overcomes their free will. After discussing recent research and data that portrays the horrendous effects of police deception, I propose a three-part solution. First, the Supreme Court should prohibit police deception in interrogations through a per se rule. Additionally, current insufficient police trainings should be reformed in both quality and quantity to focus on ethics and morality. Lastly, legislators should statutorily require all interrogations to be videotaped from start to finish to deter deception. While each part of this solution has the potential to remedy the harms of police deception on its own, combining the three would ensure a prompt elimination of the flames set by police deception. Although some scholars have addressed the problem of deception in interrogations and proposed their own solutions, none have recognized that putting out the fire consuming our criminal justice system in time will require all the government branches to contribute. The fire engulfing the criminal justice system was set by deception and must be extinguished to protect the American people before it is too late.