cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural difference of the insulin receptors from circulating monocytes and erythrocytes.

Abstract We compared insulin receptors obtained from cells widely used in human studies, the circulating monocytes and erythrocytes. Biochemically, these receptors possess both binding (α-subunit) and tyrosine kinase (β-subunit) activities similar to insulin receptors from other sources. Subtle differences in molecular weight, however, were detected between the α-subunits of these two cell types when analyzed by NaDodSO 4 -PAGE. Crosslinked [ 125 I]insulin-labeled α-subunit of the monocyte insulin receptor was of higher apparent molecular weight than the α-subunit derived from red cells. Neuraminidase treatment of the α-subunits from each cell type indicated more sialic acid residues were present on the monocyte than the red cell α-subunit. The structural properties of the insulin receptors of human circulating cells are similar but not identical to insulin receptors of other characterized system.
RISK MANAGEMENT AND INSURANCE FACULTY INTERNSHIPS

: The author examines the benefits of faculty internships including professional development and improved teaching skills. He also examines the ARIA internship program.
Incomparable prime ideals of recursively enumerable degrees

Abstract Calhoun, W.C., Incomparable prime ideals of recursively enumerable degrees, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 63 (1993) 39–56. We show that there is a countably infinite antichain of prime ideals of recursively enumerable degrees. This solves a generalized form of Post's problem.
Image fiber reduced in irradiation-induced loss by photobleaching

Abstract Protection of an image fiber against irradiation-induced loss by utilizing photobleaching (increase-suppressing effect of light energy on light absorption) has been demonstrated for the first time. Photobleaching effects on the silica glass image fiber were investigated in detail. I evaluated photobleaching characteristics of the fiber by using He–Cd laser, a xenon lamp, and a D2 lamp as photobleaching light sources. Fibers were irradiated at two levels of dosage: 300 and 104 R/h. The thermal effect on photobleaching was also evaluated by comparing the effect at 28 and 70 °C. A comparison of light sources for photobleaching have been shown a xenon lamp is the most effective and a wavelength range 0.3–0.36 μm contributes to photobleaching. Based on these evaluation results, through the xenon lamp bleaching, I have succeeded in elongating the useful life time of an image fiber in a 300 R/h gamma-ray environment to more than five times that of an unbleached fiber for the first time.
Isaac Mayer Wise: Shaping American Judaism

Part 1 Bohemia (1819-1854): Metternich's Europe Jewish life in an age of reaction early years departure. Part 2 New beginning (1846-1854): young America Jewish life rabbi in Albany organizing American Jewry early writings sortie in Charleston backlash in Albany Anshe Emeth formulating his beliefs the "Asmonean" a Bible history heading West. Part 3 Cincinnati (1854-1900): queen city of the West congregation B'nai Jeshurun the "Israelite" Zion College conference - union-synod David Einhorn Cleveland platform - quick victory, lengthy war "Minhag America" the essence of Judaism fighting for Jewish rights political diversions the Civil War at North College Hill first fruits in Cincinnati wider ambitions among the gentiles (1867-1878) years of sorrow and strife (1869-1874) flirting with the orthodox reformers in conflict - East versus West (1869) establishing the union (1871-1873) call to New York (1873) "We Must Have 'Union in Israel'" President of Hebrew Union College. Appendix: The Principal Changes Introduced in "Minhag" America. Part 4 Fulfilment - years of harvest (1875-1900): duties old and new remarriage (1876) sustaining the college (1875-1883) reform moves on - the Pittsburgh platform a new American Jewish world 70th birthday - central conference of American Rabbis sunset - the legacy.
Self-Consistent Electronic Structure of Titanium. II

The band structure, Fermi surface, and density of states from an augmented-plane-wave calculation of titanium are presented and compared with previously reported results. The present calculation differs from the earlier work in that the potential is a self-consistent muffin-tin form and further in that the coefficient of the Slater exchange term is $\frac{3}{4}$ instead of 1.
Mechanisms of steroid oxidation by microorganisms.

Abstract The initial stages of steroid degradation by Nocardia restrictus appear to involve a 1-dehydrogenation and a 9α-hydroxylation with the rupture of the steroid B ring. This mechanism appears to be widespread since several known 1-dehydrogenating organisms have been shown ton carry out 9α-hydroxylation. When either the 9α- or the 1,2-position is blocked, the steroid cannot be oxidized to completion by this organism. 3-Ethylenedioxy-5-androstene-17β-ol was converted to 3-ethylenedioxy-5-androstene-17-one. When KCN is added to the fermentation, 9α-hydroxyl steroids accumulate; the structure of 9α-hydroxyprogesterone is confirmed by dehydration to 9,11-dehydroprogesterone.
Application of modeling to speed flexible package development

Models developed by DuPont or reported in the literature are described, which help the package engineer to design new package structures by optimizing package performance, minimizing cost, and ensu...
Closer towards inflation in string theory

In brane inflation, the relative brane position in the bulk of a brane world is the inflaton. For branes moving in a compact manifold, the approximate translational (or shift) symmetry is necessary to suppress the inflaton mass, which then allows a slow-roll phase for enough inflation. Following recent works, we discuss how inflation may be achieved in superstring theory. Imposing the shift symmetry, we obtain the condition on the superpotential needed for inflation and suggest how this condition may be naturally satisfied.
Modeling and optimization of HVAC systems using a dynamic neural network

The energy consumption of a heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system is optimized by using a data-driven approach. Predictive models with controllable and uncontrollable input and output variables utilize the concept of a dynamic neural network. The minimization of the energy consumed while maintaining indoor room temperature at an acceptable level is accomplished with a bi-objective optimization. The model is solved with three variants of the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The optimization model and the multi-objective algorithm have been implemented in an existing HVAC system. The test results performed in the existing environment demonstrate significant improvement of the system. Compared to the traditional control strategy, the proposed model saved up to 30% of energy.
On survivability of networks [Author reply to Deo's comments on "On distributed communications networks," By P. Baran]

Narsingh Deo's comments suggests an alternative metric of survivability (pairs of stations in communications) to the one Paul Baran, the original author, chose to use in a recent paper on survivable communications (number of stations in communications with all, see ibid., vol. CS-12. pp. 1-9, March 1964). Deo's point (ibid., vol. COM-12, pp. 227-228, December 1964) is well stated and the original author would like to add to Deo's remarks.
Atomic force microscopy study of cytochrome f (Cyt f) and mixed monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG)/Cyt f Langmuir–Blodgett films

Abstract We report in this study the topography of a single layer of Cyt f and of a mixture of MGDG/Cyt f as a function of surface pressure ( Π ) and concentration of spreading solvent (ethanol). We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films transferred from the air/water interface onto freshly cleaved mica. We observed that pure Cyt f tends to form assemblies with an average width of 12 nm at low ethanol concentration (20%), and domains about 100 nm wide at higher concentration (80%). However, in the mixed LB films (MGDG/Cyt f ), the protein appear in the monomer form with a lateral dimension of ∼3 nm. From these results, we consider that Cyt f assemblies are formed by an octamer.
Subsurface Flow Model Calibration with a Spectral-Domain Parameterization Adaptive to Grid Connectivity and Prior Model Information

A heterogeneity parameterization is introduced to mitigate the challenges associated with field-scale subsurface flow model calibration. The estimated geologic parameter field is mapped to and updated in a low-dimensional transform domain using a linear transformation basis. The basis vectors are the eigenvectors of a Laplacian matrix that is constructed using grid connectivity information and the main features in the prior geologic model. Because the grid connectivity information is computed within a small multipoint stencil, the Laplacian is always sparse and amenable to efficient decomposition. The resulting basis vectors are ordered from large to small scale and include prior-specific spatial features. Therefore, the variability in reservoir property distribution can be effectively represented by projecting the property field onto subspaces spanned by an increasing number of leading basis vectors, each incorporating additional heterogeneity features into the model description. This property lends itself to a multiscale calibration algorithm where basis elements are sequentially included to refine the heterogeneity characterization to a level of complexity supported by the resolution of available data. While the method can benefit from prior information, when the prior is unavailable or unreliable the transformation can reduce to a discrete Fourier expansion with robust model-independent parameterization properties.
Programmable spatial processing imager chip

The authors present an architectural overview and results from an image processor chip for realising steerable spatial filtering at the focal plane. Convolutions of the image with multiple programmable kernels are realised with area-efficient, real-time circuits. In addition to the raw intensity image, the chip outputs four processed images in parallel. The convolutions are implemented with digitally programmable analogue processors. The chip performs 5.7 GOPS/mW while outputting four processed images in parallel.
Delayed cerebral oxidative glucose metabolism after traumatic brain injury in young rats

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a cerebral metabolic crisis that contributes to poor neurologic outcome. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in oxidative glucose metabolism in early periods after injury in the brains of immature animals. At 5 h after controlled cortical impact TBI or sham surgery to the left cortex, 21-22 day old rats were injected intraperitoneally with [1,6-13C]glucose and brains removed 15, 30 and 60 min later and studied by ex vivo 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Oxidative metabolism, determined by incorporation of 13C into glutamate, glutamine and GABA over 15-60 min, was significantly delayed in both hemispheres of brain from TBI rats. The most striking delay was in labeling of the C4 position of glutamate from neuronal metabolism of glucose in the injured, ipsilateral hemisphere which peaked at 60 min, compared with the contralateral and sham-operated brains, where metabolism peaked at 30 and 15 min, respectively. Our findings indicate that (i) neuronal-specific oxidative metabolism of glucose at 5-6 h after TBI is delayed in both injured and contralateral sides compared with sham brain; (ii) labeling from metabolism of glucose via the pyruvate carboxylase pathway in astrocytes was also initially delayed in both sides of TBI brain compared with sham brain; (iii) despite this delayed incorporation, at 6 h after TBI, both sides of the brain showed apparent increased neuronal and glial metabolism, reflecting accumulation of labeled metabolites, suggesting impaired malate aspartate shuttle activity. The presence of delayed metabolism, followed by accumulation of labeled compounds is evidence of severe alterations in homeostasis that could impair mitochondrial metabolism in both ipsilateral and contralateral sides of brain after TBI. However, ongoing oxidative metabolism in mitochondria in injured brain suggests that there is a window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention up to at least 6 h after injury.
Nonelectrocardiographic evidence that both ischemic preconditioning and adenosine preconditioning exist in humans.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to use electrocardiogram (ECG)-independent parameters to determine whether preconditioning (PC) exists in humans during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Background Several studies suggest that both ischemia and adenosine induce PC in the human heart during PTCA. However, because almost all of these studies relied on ST-segment shifts as indicators of the severity of ischemia, their conclusions continue to be questioned, and the very existence of ischemic or adenosine PC in humans remains controversial. Methods Eighteen patients received either intracoronary adenosine (n = 9) or normal saline (n = 9); 10 min later, they underwent PTCA (three 2-min balloon inflations 5 min apart). Results Compared with the first inflation, in untreated patients the second and third inflations were associated with less systolic dysfunction (two-dimensional echocardiography), less diastolic dysfunction (color M-mode echocardiography), less lactate production, and less H+release into the great cardiac venous blood. In adenosine-treated patients, the extent of all of these abnormalities during the first inflation was less than in untreated patients and did not change with subsequent inflations. Conclusions Previous exposure to a brief episode of ischemia (first balloon inflation) or to adenosine produces concordant decreases in ECG, subjective, mechanical, and metabolic manifestations of ischemia during PTCA. These data support the concept that both ischemic PC and pharmacologic PC exist in humans and that PTCA is a useful clinical setting in which to discern their mechanism.
Dna endonuclease activities associated with melanoma cell chromatin.

Abstract Chromatin-associated DNA endonucleases, extracted from Cloudman mouse melanoma cell nuclei, were separated on isoelectric focusing into seven fractions in two widely separated groups pH 3.4–5.4 and 7.5–9.3, each active on calf thymus DNA. All fractions in the former group, pI's 3.4, 4.4 and 5.4, produced at least one single-strand scission per molecule on circular duplex phage PM2 DNA, and transformed circular single-stranded phage fd DNA into linear strands of uniform length. In the second group there was no detectable activity against PM2 DNA, but two fractions pI's 7.5 and 8.0 were active on fd DNA as above, whereas the other two, pI's 8.5 and 9.0 transformed fd DNA into a number of different sized, discrete segments. These results indicate that, even allowing for possible enzymatic identity of some of the isoelectrically separated forms, at least three different DNA endonucleases are associated with mouse melanoma cell chromatin.
Testing Visual Search Performance Using Retinal Light Scanning as a Future Wearable Low Vision Aid

For the goal of designing a wearable low vision aid, aspects of both head-mounted display (HMD) design and performance evaluation were integrated into a single study of scanning ability. A head-mounted version of a novel retinal light scanning display known as the virtual retinal display was fabricated for this study. A remote head CCD (charge coupled device) attached approximately at the user's line of sight was used as the input source. Scanning ability was quantified as the time to identify a target in a wide field of distractors while using the HMD design in four different display interface modes (DIMs). Each DIM was tested with respect to their corresponding controls: A (augmented, see-through) and CO (center occluded) DIMs were compared to the augmented control (augmented, retinal display turned off), and CPO (center and periphery occluded) and PO (periphery occluded) DIMs were compared to the periphery occluded control (periphery obstructed, retinal display turned off). Each DIM was tested at high,...
Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of doped ZnS nanocrystals capped by poly(vinylpyrrolidone)

Abstract Zinc sulfide semiconductor nanocrystals doped with selected transition metal ions (Mn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+) have been synthesized via a solution-based method utilizing low dopant concentrations (0–1%) and employing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a capping agent. UV/Vis absorbance spectra for all of the synthesized nanocrystals show an exitonic peak at around 310 nm, indicating that the introduction of the dopant does not influence the particle size. Calculated particle sizes for undoped and doped nanocrystals are in the 4.3 nm size range. Photoluminescence spectra recorded for undoped ZnS nanocrystals, using an excitation wavelength of 310 nm, exhibit an emission peak centered at around 460 nm. When a dopant ion is included in the synthesis, peaks in the corresponding photoluminescence spectra are red-shifted. For Mn-doped nanocrystals, an intense peak centered at approximately 590 nm is found and is seen to increase in photoluminescence intensity with an increase in dopant concentration. In contrast, for Cu-doped and Ni-doped nanocrystals, weaker peaks centered at around 520 and 500 nm, respectively, are observed and are noticed to decrease in photoluminescence intensity with an increase in dopant concentration. These results clearly show that careful control of synthetic conditions must be employed in the synthesis of doped semiconductor nanocrystals in order to obtain materials with optimized properties.
Surgical management and outcomes in patients with median nerve lesions

Object. One hundred sixty-seven of 250 patients with median nerve (MN) lesions, excluding carpal tunnel syndrome and nerve sheath tumors, at the levels of the arm, elbow, forearm, and wrist, underwent surgical treatment at Louisiana State University Health Sciences over a 30-year period. The most common causes of MN injuries were laceration, fracture-associated stretch and contusion, gunshot wound, compression, and injection injuries. In this study, surgically treated patients were followed and evaluated retrospectively for favorable functional outcomes. Methods. Lesions not in continuity required primary or secondary end-to-end suture or graft repairs. With the aid of direct intraoperative recording of nerve action potentials (NAPs), MN injuries in which the lesion was in continuity underwent external or internal neurolysis, or resection of the lesion, followed by end-to-end suture or graft repair. A minimum of 12 months follow-up review (mean 18 months) was available in 85% of the surgically treated pat...
Using NMR to study full intact wine bottles

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe and spectrometer capable of investigating full intact wine bottles is described and used to study a series of Cabernet Sauvignons with high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. Selected examples of full bottle 13C NMR spectra are also provided. The application of this full bottle NMR method to the measurement of acetic acid content, the detection of complex sugars, phenols, and trace elements in wine is discussed.
Refractive index of uranyl-treated bacterial cytoplasm as related to ribonucleic-acid content and growth rate

After fixation and treatment with uranyl acetate solutions, the refractive index (n D) of the cytoplasm ofCorynebacterium bovis varies with substrate-dependent growth rate and RNA content. The effect, which presumably is due to quantitative binding of uranyl ions by RNA, permits a measurement of the growth rate of single cells in a single-species system by interference microscopy. Temperature-induced changes in growth rate are not reflected in changes ofn D or RNA content.
Estimation of Nonlinear Aerodynamic Roll Models for Identification Of Uncommanded Rolling Motions

Detailed analysis of wind-tunnel data in free-to-roll testing of one aircraft model, the preproduction F/A-18E, in a transonic tunnel is presented. The main purpose is to identify possible uncommanded rolling motions of the full-scale aircraft by examining the roll dynamic characteristics of the model in the tunnel. To improve the tunnel balance data, the bearing-friction effect on the balance rolling-moment coefficient was removed. The corrected rolling-moment coefficients are then modeled through a fuzzy-logic algorithm. The resulting aerodynamic models are employed in calculating all roll derivatives by a central-difference scheme. The proposed wing-drop theory relies on the values of the relative aerodynamic stiffness in the rolling equation of motion, which is assumed to be composed of two terms: derivatives with respect to the roll angle alone and second-order derivatives of the rolling-moment coefficient with respect to the roll angle and angle of attack. Wing drop is predicted if the relative aerodynamic stiffness changes sign from that of the overall motion and if the contributions to the rolling-moment coefficient from both the first-order and second-order derivatives are of the same sign and are small in value. This is equivalent to the vanishing of a frequency with damping in the vibration theory. It is found that at a low angle of attack and a transonic Mach number, the dynamic motion is wing rock. As the angle of attack is increased, the wing-drop condition is initially exhibited with a single event, then with multiple occurrences of wing drop at a higher angle of attack, with the magnitude of roll-off angles changing with time. It is also found that wing-rock motion in the tunnel on a free-to-roll test rig is mostly caused by the unstable effect of time rate of sideslip angle, not by the traditional roll damping due to roll rate.
U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Waste--Ground-Water Contamination Program; fiscal year 1983

In fiscal year 1982, the U S Geological Survey began an interdisciplinary research thrust entitled Toxic Waste-Groundwater Contamination Program The objective of the thrust was to provide earth sciences information necessary to evaluate and mitigate existing groundwater contamination problems resulting from the planned or inadvertant disposal of wastes and from certain land-use practices, and to improve future waste disposal and land-use practices The program supports process-oriented and interdisciplinary field research, and regional groundwater quality studies This article provides an overview of the current (Fiscal Year 1985) activities of the Toxic Waste Program
Morbid Risk in First-Degree Relatives of Persons With Alzheimer's Disease-Reply

In Reply.— Dr Heston has raised several interesting points regarding the methods and conclusions in our recent report concerning the morbid risk among first-degree relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease. First, he suggests that the risk figures for first-degree relatives over 80 years of age are really not much greater than one would observe in the general population. He states that most population estimates run between 20% and 30% but cites no data. We are aware of no prospective studies indicating such high risks. Some studies indicate prevalence of all types of dementia as high as 22% after 80 years of age, 1 but none of them suggests annual risks for Alzheimer's disease as high as the approximately 4% observed in first-degree relatives of Alzheimer's disease probands 80 to 86 years of age. Second, Dr Heston suggests that the risk among control relatives should be substracted from the risk among relatives
Impact of neglecting p-type spin-orbit coupling during electronic structure calculations on solids

Fully relativistic density functional theory electronic structure calculations for crystalline solids have become nearly commonplace. It has been demonstrated, however, that two of the more common methods used for such calculations produce spin–orbit coupling energies for p-type orbitals that are numerically unstable. The source of the instability and methods for its mitigation are discussed here. In particular, a stabilization strategy suggested by Soderlind, the complete neglect of p-type spin–orbit coupling, is tested for a prototypical p-bonded metal, Pb, using the linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals–fitting function method. The zero-pressure lattice constant and bulk modulus are both insensitive to the p-type spin–orbit coupling. The density of states and the fcc-bcc structural energy difference, however, are shown to be significantly affected by p-type spin–orbit coupling. The complete neglect of p-type spin–orbit coupling approximation should not be used to determine structural phase transition pressures for materials in which the bonding has a strong p character. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
On the Relation between z Transforms and a Transform Technique for Time-varying, Linear Systems†

The relation between the z transform and the transform technique introduced by Naylor is discussed. In particular, behaviour as the number of samples, N, becomes large ia considered.
Overview of the 2011 Food and Drug Administration Circulatory System Devices Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee Meeting on the CardioMEMS Champion Heart Failure Monitoring System

The CardioMEMS Champion Heart Failure Monitoring System (CardioMEMS, Atlanta, Georgia) is a permanently implantable pressure measurement system designed to wirelessly measure and monitor pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and heart rate in heart failure (HF) patients to guide ambulatory HF management and to reduce HF hospital stays. On December 8, 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Circulatory System Device Panel reviewed the CardioMEMS Champion HF Monitoring System premarket approval (PMA) application. The majority of Panel members agreed that that the discussed monitoring system is safe for use in the indicated patient population. However, new information reported by the FDA with regard to preferential support in management of patients in the treatment group raised concerns among the Panel members with regard to potential bias in analyzing the efficacy of the device itself. Additionally, Panel members raised concerns with regard to the efficacy of the device in certain patient subpopulations. Hence, most Panel members decided that there was not reasonable assurance that the discussed monitoring system is effective. This summary aims to describe the discussions and recommendations made during this meeting.
Beam-coupled microsphere resonators for high-resolution electric field sensing

In this paper we present a beam-coupled micro-optical sensor for electric field detection. The main components of the sensor are a microsphere optical resonator and a dielectric micro-beam. The dielectric beam is coupled with the microsphere using two different approaches. In the first approach the beam compresses the sphere causing a shift in its whispering gallery mode (WGM). In the second approach the fine tipped beam perturbs the evanescent field of the sphere thereby causing a shift its WGM. In this approach, electrostriction force exerted by the electric field on the beam induces a change in the gap between sphere and beam perturbing the evanescent field of the sphere. This in turn induces a shift in the whispering gallery modes of the sphere resonator. The material for both the sphere and the beam in the first approach is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The resonator and the beam are made of silica in the second approach. Different beam and sphere sizes are studied to optimize the proposed sensor’s electric field resolution. The optical modes of the sphere are exited using a tapered single mode optical fiber that is coupled to a distributed feedback laser. The transmission spectrum through the fiber is monitored to detect WGM shifts.
Personality traits in multiple sclerosis: Association with mood and anxiety disorders

Abstract Background Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently experience depression and anxiety. Several studies also document personality differences between MS patients and controls. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between mood/anxiety and core personality traits in MS. Objectives The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the association between anxiety, mood, and personality disturbances in MS. Methods A structured psychiatric interview and validated self-report measures of personality, depression, and anxiety were administered to 85 MS patients and 20 normal controls. Results Findings suggested a significant association between psychopathology and core personality dysfunction in MS. Depressed/anxious MS patients exhibited more neuroticism, less extroversion, less agreeableness, and less conscientiousness than mentally healthy MS patients and normal controls. In contrast, nondepressed/nonanxious MS patients' core personality traits did not substantially differ from normal controls. Conclusions Though longitudinal studies are needed, findings provide hope that the successful treatment of MS patients' mood and anxiety symptoms may also partially ameliorate disordered personality characteristics. Consistent with previous research, an increased understanding of MS patients' personality characteristics may also aid with preventative psychiatric and medical treatment.
Cognitive Emphasis of Geometry Teachers' Questions.

To develop successful teaching strategies, some researchers have studied current teaching methodology. They have visited classrooms equipped with instruments that have been designed to analyze classroom behavior. One popular device used by these investigators is the category system. One develops a category system by choosing a unit of analysis and defining a finite set of categories so that each unit can be assigned to exactly one of them. Thus, for each period of observation, one can determine the total number of units of behavior and the number assigned to each category. Several investigators who were concerned with the intellectual component of classroom behavior have developed systems in which the question has been used as the basic unit of analysis. These systems have evolved from the ideas of Bloom (1956), who conceptualized a hierarchical model for cognitive behavior. The levels are "knowledge," "comprehension," "application," "analysis," "synthesis," and "evaluation." Sanders (1966) modified Bloom's model and developed a taxonomy of questions for class-
Nonlinear propagation of ultrasound in superfluid3He

After introducing the physics of sound propagation in normal and superfluid3He, nonlinear phenomena are discussed. These bear close resemblance to optical effects, including saturation of the absorption, amplitude dependence of the group velocity, pulse break-up, and pulse compression. Preliminary evidence indicates that above an input power threshold the sound pulses propagate in a solitonlike fashion. A naive sine-Gordon model does not explain the observations.
Overt anger in response to victimization: attributional style and organizational norms as moderators.

Prior theory and research suggests a positive relation between perceived victimization and overt anger. The authors proposed and tested a theoretical extension of this link by investigating possible moderating effects of individual and contextual variables. A sample of 158 employees of a municipality was used to test hypotheses that the relationship between perceived victimization and overt anger is moderated by hostile attributional style and perceptions of organizational norms. The results showed that the relation between perceptions of direct victimization and overt anger was stronger when the employee had a more rather than less hostile attributional style and when the employee perceived the organizational norms as more rather than less oppositional. Language: en
Hominoid dental variability and species number at the late Miocene site of Lufeng, China.

The large hominoid sample from the late Miocene site of Lufeng, China, has been variously claimed to contain either one or two species, but very few metric data in support of either position have been published. We calculate coefficients of variation for the dental remains both for the two presumed species and for the pooled sample as a whole using the summary statistics published by Wu & Oxnard (Wu & Oxnard: American Journal of Primatology 5:303-344, 1983a, Nature 306:258-260, 1983b). These are compared to the same measures of single-sex and combined-sex samples of extant hominoids. We also present metric characterizations of male and female canines of extant great apes, with which we evaluate the gender composition of the Lufeng canine sample. In a two-species alternative, the two presumed species have measures of variability and canine representation that are more compatible with single-sex samples representing males and females, respectively. The pooled dental sample has measures of variability within the ranges of single species of extant great apes. We conclude there is a single large hominoid species represented at Lufeng that is highly sexually dimorphic. The phylogenetic relationships of this species are briefly considered. It is generally primitive in craniodental morhpology and is unlikely to be a member of the Sivapithecus-Pongo clade.
Within-litter variance in early rat pup-mother interactions and adult offspring responses to novelty.

Siblings share similar genetics and environments, however, their behavior can be quite different. To determine if within-litter variance in neonatal–maternal interactions predict adult sibling behavioral variance, we observed mother–pup interactions during postnatal days 1–8 in four Sprague–Dawley rat litters and measured adult offspring behavioral responses to social and physical novelty. Our results indicate that pup and maternal behavior varied by at least twofold within each litter, and that specific pup behaviors within each litter (perioral contact) were associated with increased maternal licking. Furthermore, siblings that received more licks and made more perioral contact during postnatal days 1–8 had longer latencies to approach novel objects in adulthood than siblings that received less licking and made less perioral contact. This within-litter variance in postnatal mother and pup behavior and offspring adult behavior indicates that early social dynamics within families are an important area to examine to understand the development of sibling variance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54:199-206, 2012.
Characterization of paramagnetic effects of molecular oxygen on blood oxygenation level-dependent-modulated hyperoxic contrast studies of the human brain.

In hyperoxic contrast studies modulated by the blood oxygenation level-dependent effect, it is often assumed that hyperoxia is a purely intravascular, positive contrast agent in T-weighted images, and the effects that are not due to blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast are small enough to be ignored. In this study, this assumption is re-evaluated and non-blood oxygenation level-dependent effects in T-weighted hyperoxic contrast studies of the human brain were characterized. We observed significant negative signal changes in T-weighted images in the frontal lobes; B0 maps suggest that this effect was primarily due to increased intravoxel dephasing from increased static field inhomogeneity due to susceptibility changes from oxygen in and around the upper airway. These static field effects were shown to scale with magnetic field strength. Signal changes observed around the brain periphery and in the ventricles suggest the effect of image distortions from oxygen-induced bulk B0 shifts, along with a possible contribution from decreased T due to oxygen dissolved in the cerebrospinal fluid. Reducing the concentration of inhaled oxygen was shown to mitigate negative contrast of molecular oxygen due to these effects, while still maintaining sufficient blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast to produce accurate measurements of cerebral blood volume. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
La migración laboral Marroqui y los territorios españoles de Ceuta y Melilla

The Spanish enclaves of Ceuta y Melilla in Northern Morocco play central roles in the politics of trans-Mediterranean migration. They are crucial to the Northern Moroccan economy because of the movement of people and goods through the duty free-zones. In addition, Ceuta and Melilla are at the heart of a heated diplomatic dispute between Spain and Morocco, with Rabat challenging Spain's riht to claim the territories as sovereing territory. However, each enclave's sovereignty is reinforce, not undermined, by the labour migration system within witch they exist. As such, despite Rabat's occasional grumbling and dissatisfaction, the territories will likely remain Spanish. Morocco, for its part, will have the benefit of a useful bargaining card in negotiations with Spain and the EU.
Behavior of Asymptotically Distribution Free Test Statistics in Covariance Versus Correlation Structure Analysis

The asymptotically distribution free (ADF) method is often used to estimate parameters or test models without a normal distribution assumption on variables, both in covariance structure analysis and in correlation structure analysis. However, little has been done to study the differences in behaviors of the ADF method in covariance versus correlation structure analysis. The behaviors of 3 test statistics frequently used to evaluate structural equation models with nonnormally distributed variables, χ2 test TAGLS and its small-sample variants TYB and TF(AGLS) were compared. Results showed that the ADF method in correlation structure analysis with test statistic TAGLS performs much better at small sample sizes than the corresponding test for covariance structures. In contrast, test statistics TYB and TF(AGLS) under the same conditions generally perform better with covariance structures than with correlation structures. It is proposed that excessively large and variable condition numbers of weight matrices ar...
Fetal growth disturbances

Abstract IUGR is a fetal disorder characterized by diminished fetal growth, especially in the third trimester. Growth retardation may be due to primary placental insufficiency or may result from a variety of maternal or fetal causes and is associated with elevated perinatal mortality and morbidity. Numerous conventional and Doppler ultrasound criteria have been proposed for diagnosing IUGR prenatally, but none on its own permits confident diagnosis of this condition. Diagnosis or exclusion of IUGR can best be achieved by the combined use of three parameters: estimated fetal weight, amniotic fluid volume, and maternal hypertension. When IUGR is suspected based on these parameters, Doppler ultrasound can help to determine the prognosis. Large fetuses, particularly those weighing more than 4,000 grams at birth, are at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality due to obstetrical complications. These fetuses occur more frequently and are at especially high risk in diabetic mothers. The estimated fetal weight is the most direct parameter for diagnosing LGA and macrosomia and is moderately accurate with positive predictive values up to 67% in the general population and 77% in diabetics. It can be an important factor in deciding on the route of delivery in diabetic mothers.
Probing interfacial properties with Bloch electrons: Ag on Cu(111)

The phase shift upon reflection of a valence Bloch electron in Ag at the Ag/Cu(111) interface is determined by angle-resolved photoemission. It shows a singularity at the band edge of Cu, allowing a determination of the substrate band-edge energy. The singular behavior is shown to be a characteristic interfacial property. A simple-model calculation reproduces the main features of the data.
Evaluating Earthquake Safety in Mid-American Communities

This paper reports on research being conducted at the Mid-America Earthquake Center to explore the characteristics of seismic risk for communities in the vicinity of the New Madrid seismic zone. By risk, the product of seismic hazards and community vulnerability is meant. The research focused on two communities, Carbondale, Illinois and Sikeston, Missouri, to estimate potential earthquake effects to specific buildings and to identify potential mitigation actions. Buildings were evaluated using ATC-21 rapid visual screening and HAZUS99 was used to estimate earthquake losses for a range of plausible earthquake threats to each community. Vulnerable structure types in the two study areas included reinforced masonry, unreinforced masonry and concrete frame, which are common among important educational, governmental, residential and commercial buildings in the two communities. Annualized direct economic losses to buildings are approximately $500,000 per year for each study area. Serious injuries from earthquakes appear to be relatively unlikely for those communities under most earthquake scenarios, but may severely stain the capabilities of earthquake-damaged hospitals to provide adequate services. The study underscores the need for a prudent level of mitigation and preparedness in mid-America.
The thermal rearrangements of 1,1,2,2,4,4-hexafluorospiropentane and perfluorospiropentane

Abstract The title compounds were synthesized via CF2: addition to the respective methylenecyclopropanes. The hexafluorospiropentane thermally rearranges to 2,2,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-(difluoromethylene)cyclobutane in competition with CF2: extrusion, whereas perfluorospiropentane decomposes exclusively by CF2: extrusion.
Skeletal muscle response to tenotomy.

Tenotomy is a commonly encountered clinical entity, whether traumatic or iatrogenic. This article reviews the response of skeletal muscle to tenotomy. The changes are subdivided into molecular, architectural, and functional categories. Architectural disruption of the muscle includes myofiber disorganization, central core necrosis, Z-line streaming, fibrosis of fibers and Golgi tendon organs, changes in sarcomere number, and alterations in the number of membrane particles. Molecular changes include transient changes in myosin heavy chain composition and expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Functionally, tenotomized muscle produces decreased maximum tetanic and twitch tension. Alterations in normal skeletal muscle structure and function are clinically applicable to the understanding of pathological states that follow tendon rupture and iatrogenic tenotomy.
Development of Smart Electric Power System (SEPS) Laboratory at The College of New Jersey

This work discusses the need for power engineering laboratory facilities at smaller colleges and universities, especially those that focus on undergraduate education. The author also discusses his experience developing the Smart Electric Power System (SEPS) Laboratory at The College of New Jersey. The fully-reconfigurable six-bus, three-phase power system hardware operates with ratings of 60Hz, 208VLL, and 0.2kW. It is composed of various synchronous generators with associated prime movers, induction motors with associated dynamometers, transformers, transmission lines, contactors, constant-impedance loads, renewable generation-emulator modules, battery storage devices, and appropriate power electronic converters. The SEPS lab significantly expands the ability of faculty and students at TCNJ to study energy problems, providing a good foundation for the institution's small but growing power engineering program.
Off-plane grating mount tolerances for Constellation-X

High groove density reflection gratings placed at grazing incidence in the extreme off-plane mount offer increased performance over conventional in-plane mounts in the x-ray. We are developing an off-plane approach to the Reflection Grating Spectrometer of the Constellation-X Mission. In this paper we discuss the geometry of the off-plane mount and present formulae for the key tolerances of the grating array.
SU-FF-T-447: A Monte Carlo Study for Characterization of Solid Brass Compensators Used for IMRT

Purpose: A Monte Carlo study for characterization of solid brass compensators used for IMRT is performed, to investigate their dosimetric properties. Method and Materials: A group various solid brass compensators with different shapes were constructed and simulated by Monte Carlo code EGSnrc (BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc). A Varian 2100Ex linear accelerator was commissioned prior to the simulation of the compensators. The simulation included five solid slab brass compensators with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 7cm and solid brass compensators of varying thickness within the field. The same fluences as the ones produced by the compensators were created using Varian Millennium MLCcollimator. Phase‐space files were scored after the compensators and after the MLCcollimator. The phase space files were used as sources in DOSXYZnrc and the dose was calculated in a solid 30×30×30cm3 water phantom. Dose distribution profiles and PDD were obtained from the dose simulations. Particle fluence, energy fluence, energy spectrum and angular distributions were obtained from the phase space files. Results: Dosimetric data analysis of the PDDs and profiles showed that beam hardening does not have a significant effect on the PDD as it does on the energy spectrum. The PDDs are more penetrating than their open‐field counterparts. Comparing results from MLC‐based IMRT fields and compensators, we find them to be consistently dosimetrically equivalent for all the fields we studied. Conclusion: This study shows that the compensator is an inexpensive and reliable dose delivery device for IMRT and produces an optimized dose profile similar to the ones obtained with the MLC based IMRT delivery. Research sponsored by .decimal Incorporation.
How Do Structure and Charge Affect Metal-Complex Binding to DNA? An Upper-Division Integrated Laboratory Project Using Cyclic Voltammetry

An advanced undergraduate laboratory project is described that integrates inorganic, analytical, physical, and biochemical techniques to reveal differences in binding between cationic metal complexes and anionic DNA (herring testes). Students were guided to formulate testable hypotheses based on the title question and a list of different metal complexes. Student teams synthesized the target complexes, such as tris(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(III) or tris(2,2′-bipyrydyl)cobalt(III), and characterized them by voltammetry and spectroscopy. Separately, DNA stock solutions were prepared and analyzed via published spectroscopic methods. Aliquots of the DNA solutions, added into a metal-complex solution, gave decreases in the cyclic voltammetry peak currents due to the slower diffusion rate of the DNA−metal complex. A nonlinear curve fit analysis of the 1:1 binding isotherms confirmed the literature result (unknown to students) of larger binding constants for the phenanthroline complex due to intercalative bindin...
Cooperative Electronic Chaining Using Small Unmanned Aircraft

When using a team of small unmanned aircraft, with no satellite communications, the operational range of the team is typically limited by line-of-sight communication constraints between an individual aircraft and a ground station, and not the endurance range of the individual aircraft within the team. By using electronic chaining to form a multi-hop communication link using the team, the overall communication range from an individual vehicle to a ground station can be increased to where the operational range of the team is only limited by the endurance range of an individual aircraft. In addition, using mobile repeaters that are driven by electronic constraints and communication performance objectives support a much greater operational deployment area and environment than would possible using geographic (range) based constraints alone. This paper presents recent developments in electronic chaining using extremum seeking methods and presents application results using the Ares unmanned aircraft system and the AUGNet 802.11 communications network test bed developed in the Research & Engineering Center for Unmanned Vehicles (RECUV) at the University of Colorado, Boulder. While it was hoped that actual ∞ight data results would have been available for publication, no recent ∞ights have been be conducted due to FAA restrictions on unmanned aircraft operations.