cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving IO test and system evaluation via data sharing

High speed I/O circuits are becoming increasingly critical as technology scales to increase system bandwidth and decrease power dissipation, die area and system cost. Highly integrated SOCs are currently equipped with large numbers of serial links to enable processing of high bandwidth data streams. There are two major challenges to continued scaling of highspeed I/Os: band-limited channels and timing uncertainty that require a good knowledge on customer system usage. In addition the increase push for customer differentiation and OEM's pushing more designs to low cost and less skilled design teams adds to the challenge. Adequate learning data sharing between customers and silicon provider is key in these emerging markets to meet quality and Time to Market targets
Acute effects of ingestion of a novel whey-derived extract on vascular endothelial function in overweight, middle-aged men and women.

Whey protein intake reduces CVD risk, but little is known whether whey-derived bioactive peptides regulate vascular endothelial function (VEF). We determined the impact of a whey-derived extract (NOP-47) on VEF in individuals with an increased cardiovascular risk profile. Men and women with impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (n 21, age 55 (SEM 1·3) years, BMI 27·8 (SEM 0·6) kg/m 2 , FMD 3·7 (SEM 0·4) %) completed a randomised, cross-over study to examine whether ingestion of NOP-47 (5 g) improves postprandial VEF. Brachial artery FMD, plasma amino acids, insulin, and endothelium-derived vasodilators and vasoconstrictors were measured for 2 h after ingestion of NOP-47 or placebo. Acute NOP-47 ingestion increased FMD at 30 min (4·6 (SEM 0·5) %) and 120 min (5·1 (SEM 0·5) %) post-ingestion (P,0·05, time £ trial interaction), and FMD responses at 120 min were significantly greater in the NOP-47 trial compared with placebo (4·3 (SEM 0·5) %). Plasma amino acids increased at 30 min following NOP-47 ingestion (P,0·05). Serum insulin increased at 15, 30 and 60 min (P,0·001) following NOP-47 ingestion. No changes were observed between the trials for plasma NO z and prostacyclin metabolites or endothelin-1. Ingestion of a rapidly absorbed extract derived from whey protein improved endothelium-dependent dilation in older adults by a mechanism independent of changes in circulating vasoactive compounds. Future investigation is warranted in individuals at an increased CVD risk to further elucidate potential health benefits and the underlying mechanisms of extracts derived from whey.
Minimum Energy and Capacitance Requirements for Single-Phase Inverters and Rectifiers Using a Ripple Port

Converters with a dc port and a single-phase ac port must store energy to buffer the inherent double-frequency power flow at the ac port. The minimum energy storage required to isolate the power ripple from the dc port is presented, and leads to the minimum capacitance required for converters that use capacitive energy storage. This paper presents a ripple power port to manage energy storage and decouple capacitor ripple from power ripple. A ripple power port allows the designer to make a choice of capacitor voltage independent of other system voltages. A combination of an ac link converter and a ripple power port leads to a dramatic increase in reliability: it is shown that converters with nominal ratings up to 200 W can be designed with expected mean-time-between-failure ratings on the order of 1.4 × 106 h-sufficient for hundred-year operation in long-life applications such as photovoltaic converters and LED lamps. This large increase in life is achieved with minimal extra cost.
Radiopotentiation of human brain tumor cells by the spermine analog N1,N14-bis(ethyl)homospermine.

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether the cytotoxicity produced by radiation can be increased by the spermine analog N 1 , N 14 -bis(ethyl)homospermine (BE-4-4-4). Methods and Materials: Two human tumor cell lines, SF-126 and U-251 MG, were either treated with 0.1 or 0.4 μM BE-4-4-4 for 3 or 4 days, or with 0.2 μM BE-4-4-4 for 4 days. At the end of BE-4-4-4 treatment, cells were irradiated and assayed immediately. Polyamine levels, cell survival, and cell number were determined. Results: In SF-126 cells, treatment with 0.2 μM BE-4-4-4 for 4 days killed about 50% of the cells and also increased the cytotoxicity of radiation. The dose enhancement ratio was ∼1.3:1.5, which is similar to that reported for α-difluoromethylornithine. Polyamine levels were partially depleted, and growth was inhibited to about 60% of control levels. Pretreatment of cells with either 0.1 or 0.4 μM BE-4-4-4 for 3 or 4 days produced less of an increase in radiation-induced cytotoxicity, even though these exposures killed 30–40% or 60–90% of the cells, respectively. Similar treatment with 0.1–0.4 μM BE-4-4-4 in U-251 MG cells had minimal effects on cytotoxicity and growth inhibition, while treatment with 1.0 μM and 2.0 μM BE-4-4-4 for 4 days produced more than a 50% depletion in polyamine levels and partial inhibition in growth, but failed to demonstrate radiopotentiation. Conclusion: The cytotoxic polyamine analog BE-4-4-4 can increase the cytotoxicity caused by radiation in at least one cell line. The amount of potentiation depends on the concentration of the analog, with the most occurring at the intermediate concentration. Because we did not observe potentiation in both cell lines, and because of the dose dependence seen in SF-126 cells, the clinical efficacy produced by combined BE-4-4-4 and radiation protocols may be limited.
Removing the incentive to sell kids tobacco. A proposal.

THE TOBACCO companies have a strong financial incentive to recruit children as new smokers. Every day 1200 smokers die and another 3500 stop smoking. Once a smoker is addicted, he or she can be expected to generate a daily revenue stream for the tobacco industry for 20 or more years. Since very few people begin smoking after they reach adulthood, the tobacco industry must recruit children. Tobacco advertising should not be viewed as a current expenditure but as a long-term investment. It is worth the high cost of advertising because it generates future profits. 1,2 As a result, these children-smokers are crucial to the industry's long-term health. The tobacco companies regularly and emphatically assert that "We don't want kids to smoke," yet they spend billions on advertising campaigns featuring cowboys and cartoon characters. Not surprisingly, Marlboro and Camel are the brands most commonly smoked by kids; in California, 59% of
Terrorizing Discourses and Dissident Courage

What does it matter if one cannot speak freely? What does it mean to walk on eggshells, to tremble at the thought that the powers that be are not in a good mood, to preoccupy one’s life with the effort to humor them, to entertain them, to stay on their “good side?” What kind of strength or exhaustion does it take to dare not to care at all how “they” feel? What strength does one need to not care out loud, to deny cynical power, not by violently defeating it but by willfully ignoring it? In 1962, during an art exhibition in Moscow, the artist/philosopher Ernst Neizvestny was publicly attacked by Nikita Khrushchev. Khrushchev showed up at an unauthorized art exhibition, with cameras in tow, determined to make an example of the “polluters.” On the surface, Khrushchev’s vitriolic diatribe was against what he claimed to be a form of communication and content that ran counter to the party line of socialist realism. With his polemical rhetoric Khrushchev framed himself as the hero of the people, the defender of socialism against :scurrilous manifestations of decadent Western egomaniacal “art” for its own sake, for the sake of the artist. He, the hero, was attacking Neizvestny ,as the diabolical antihero, the indivirdual who, in outrageous arrogance, dared to resist the authority of the so-called people’s politico-moral imperative. Neizvestny’s courageous response stopped Khrushchev in his tracks and struck at the core, the moral essence, of the right to communicate. Just as Diogenes knew how to turn the tables so that it was no longer clear who was crazy, marginal, himself or Plato, Neizvestny not only switched the imposition of criminality to Khrushchev but, at the same moment, unmasked the cynicism of his splintered paranoia (Sloterdijk, 1987, p. 104). How could such a great hero be so afraid of some pictures in the park? Standing his ground, Neizvestny shouted back at Khrushchev, “You are talking to a man who could1 kill himself any moment” (Insight, p. 17). This encapsulates the existential predicament that, in such crises, foregrounds the coiistellation of brute power and its legitimating facade of “dialogue,” especially the conjunction between criticism and crisis. As Paul de Man (1971) has demonstrated, the connection between criticism and crisis is more than etymological, it shows truth through error. This is the ultimate aporia upon which criticism thrives. But the error here does not lie
Abstract 1673: A pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics evaluation of the concentration-QTc relationship of PF-02341066 (PF-1066), an ALK and c-MET/HGFR dual inhibitor administered orally to patients with advanced cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Objective: Assess the potential effect of PF-1066 plasma concentrations on the observed RR corrected QT interval in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Plasma concentrations of PF-1066 (total drug) and ECG data were collected in study A8081001, an open label, multi-center Phase 1 dose escalation, and safety, pharmacokinetic and exploratory study (J Clin Oncol 27:15s, 2009 (suppl; abstr 3509)). PF-1066 was administered orally on an empty stomach once (QD) or twice (BID) a day in continuous 28-day cycles with doses ranging from 50 mg QD to 300 mg BID. Time-matched, triplicate (≥ 2 minutes apart) ECGs were obtained during the screening period, at pre-dose, 6 hours (∼ Cmax), and 24 hours post-dose on Cycle 1 Day 1, and at pre-dose and 6 hours (∼ Cmax) post-dose on Cycle 1 Day 15 and Cycle 2 Day 1. Baseline ECG data was used to assess which heart rate correction method (QTcB, QTcF and a study specific correction, QTcS) was most appropriate. A linear mixed effects model was used to evaluate the relationship between plasma concentrations and the RR-interval and corrected QT-interval. Results: A total of 62 patients were available for this analysis. The majority of patients had at least 5 triplicate measurements post dose. Fifty-three percent (n=33) were male. Plasma concentrations ranged from 0.228 ng/mL to 1040 ng/mL and the median concentration over all doses was 83.2 ng/mL. At baseline, median heart rate, QTcB- and QTcF-interval were, respectively, 80 bpm, 429 msec and 408 msec. The post-treatment median heart rate, QTcB- and QTcF-interval were, respectively, 73 bpm, 432 msec and 416 msec. The concentration-RR analysis indicates that on average heart rate decreases at approximately 2.5 bpm per 100 ng/mL increase in PF-1066 concentration. QTcS was determined as the most appropriate heart rate correction method for QT-interval. The estimated slope for concentration-QTcS-interval is 0.0076 msec/ng/mL (90% conf. limits: −0.0051, 0203), indicating a small but not statistically significant positive trend in the concentration-QTcS relationship. Based on the model, the average drug associated increase in QTcS is 2.9 msec at the mean Cmax following 250 mg BID dosing. Conclusion: Based on the PK/PD analysis, a clinically relevant QT prolongation is not expected within the therapeutic dose range (up to 250 mg BID) of PF-1066 in patients with advanced cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1673.
Training a capuchin ( Cebus apella ) to perform as an aide for a quadriplegic

Initial results of a small pilot project indicate thatCebus monkeys have the potential to serve as animal aides for quadriplegics. During the course of the pilot project the investigators developed a set of procedures for teaching aCebus monkey a variety of helping skills. Given a description of those procedures, a college student with no prior animal training experience was able to teach a naiveCebus apella nine different complex behaviors in 25.5 hr of training over a period of two months.
Ethnicity and the Frontier in Los Angeles

Los Angeles is described using archetypal or mythic themes—virginity, virility, and purity—drawn in part from American historiography of the western part of the United States of America, often called the frontier. These themes have been used to express the contemporary fascination with the ethnic populations of Los Angeles, and they suggest a connection between the Eastern concern with ethnicity and the Western concern with the frontier.
THE CLONING OF A CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS GUANYLYL CYCLASE AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A LIGAND-SENSITIVE MAMMALIAN/NEMATODE CHIMERIC RECEPTOR

Substantial guanylyl cyclase activity was detected in membrane fractions prepared from Caenorhabditis elegans (100 pmol cGMP/min/mg at 20 °C or 500 pmol cGMP/min/mg at 37 °C), suggesting the potential existence of orphan cyclase receptors in the nematode. Using degenerate primers, a cDNA clone encoding a putative membrane form of the enzyme (GCY-X1) was obtained. The apparent cyclase was most closely related to the mammalian natriuretic peptide receptor family, and retained cysteine residues conserved within the extracellular domain of the mammalian receptors. Expression of the cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in low, but detectable guanylyl cyclase activity (about 2-fold above vector alone). The extracellular and protein kinase homology domain of the mammalian receptor (GC-B) for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) was fused to the catalytic domain of GCY-X1 and expressed in COS-7 cells to determine whether ligand-dependent regulation would now be obtained. The resulting chimeric protein (GC-BX1) was active, and CNP elevated cGMP in a concentration-dependent manner. Subsequently, a search of the genome data base demonstrated the existence of at least 29 different genes from C. elegans that align closely with the catalytic domain of GCY-X1, and thus an equally large number of different regulatory ligands may exist.
Level parameters of short-lived nuclear states

Abstract The measured widths of Be 8∗ (2+) and He 5 (ground) exhibit definite, systematic discrepancies. These discrepancies may indicate the operation of interaction in the final state between a spectator particle and a very short lived (≈ 10 −22 sec) residual nucleus. Level shifts are expected to occur for such short-lived states decaying in the presence of a spectator particle.
Informing Culturally Competent Practice Through Cross-Racial Friendships

International and interdisciplinary literature on cross-racial friendships is critically reviewed as a source of relevant and provocative data for counselling professionals dedicated to multiculturalism. The authors discuss the dynamics of cross-racial friendships and implications for counsellors. Using practical examples grounded by interdisciplinary literature, the authors expand discussions about racism within the counselling profession.
Does gender influence outcomes in critically ill patients

Investigators continue to debate whether gender plays any role in patient outcome following injury/critical illness. We submit that age and hormonal milieu at the time of injury, rather than gender, are the critical factors influencing patient outcome under those conditions.
A study of excited state dynamics of rare earth ions in solids by coherent transients and spectral holeburning

Abstract Barriers to spectral resolution imposed by instrumental limits and inhomogeneous broadening can often be removed by linear and nonlinear laser spectroscopy. This is illustrated by the case of LaF3:Pr3+. Six orders of magnitude increase in resolution has been demonstrated, and this uncovered new mechanisms for optical dephasing such as coupling to nuclear spin fluctuations. The importance of the time-scale of the experimental probe is stressed, and the information obtained from spectral holeburning and coherent transients can be very different. This was found in CaF2:Pr3+ where the fluorine nuclear spin-flips exhibit a wide range of time-scales.
Retention in guinea pigs of monocular pattern discriminations during reversal acquisition with the opposite eye

Although veridical interocular transfer occurs in guinea pigs, Ss in the present study retained monocular pattern discriminations while learning the reverse discrimination with the opposite eye.
Manganese porphyrin multilayer films assembled on ITO electrodes via zirconium phosphonate chemistry: chemical and electrochemical catalytic oxidation activity

A supported manganese porphyrin-based oxidation catalyst was prepared by zirconium-phosphonate multilayer assembly with [5,15-bis(4-phenylphosphonic acid)porphyrinato] manganese(III) chloride (2) and zirconium(IV) ions on indium–tin oxide electrodes. This assembly technique provided good control over the catalyst loading, which was confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Relative to its homogeneous counterpart, [5,15-bis(diethyl-4-phenylphosphonate)porphyrinato]manganese III chloride (1), the film-based catalyst 2 showed moderately enhanced catalytic activity (up to 550 turnovers) for the oxidation of styrene by a soluble derivative of iodosylbenzene. Electrochemical oxidation of the film-based catalyst at pH 11 generated Mn V (O)(porphyrin)(H2O) intermediate at a potential of 1.20 V. The electrochemically generated active intermediate exhibited oxidative catalytic activity toward both the solvent (water) and an olefin substrate (CBZ) affording both hydrogen peroxide and epoxide products.
FERONIA Is a Key Modulator of Brassinosteroid and Ethylene Responsiveness in Arabidopsis Hypocotyls

Ethylene signaling is a complex pathway that has been intensively analyzed partly due to its importance to the manifestation of horticultural phenomena, including fruit ripening and tissue senescence. In order to further our understanding of how this pathway is regulated, a screen for Arabidopsis mutants with increased ethylene response was conducted. From this, a mutant was identified as having a dark-grown hypocotyl that is indistinguishable from Col-0 wt in the presence of the ethylene perception inhibitor AgNO₃, yet has extreme responsiveness to even low levels of ethylene. Map-based cloning of the mutation revealed a T-DNA insertion in the coding sequence of the receptor-like kinase FERONIA, which is required for normal pollen tube reception and cell elongation in a currently unknown capacity. In contrast to a previous report, analysis of our feronia knockout mutant shows it also has altered responsiveness to brassinosteroids, with etiolated fer-2 seedlings being partially brassinosteroid insensitive with regard to promotion of hypocotyl elongation. Our results indicate that FERONIA-dependent brassinosteroid response serves to antagonize the effect of ethylene on hypocotyl growth of etiolated seedlings, with loss of proper brassinosteroid signaling disrupting this balance and leading to a greater impact of ethylene on hypocotyl shortening.
A locational analysis of academic library computer use

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure, characterize and correlate relationships between spaces within an academic library and the amount of use they receive from patrons.Design/methodology/approach – Login data gathered from computers were analyzed spatially using AutoCAD and ArcGIS to characterize the relative popularity of each computer. The login data were correlated to each computer's proximity to the entrance, a picture window, its printer, quantity of neighboring computers, and service points.Findings – Descriptive statistics reveal high usage of computers close to the entrance and close to service points. The strongest relationship of all was with a combination of attractors rather than any one attractor. Other measures were less closely correlated with usage, with proximity to window having little to no correlation. These hypotheses merit further study.Originality/value – Understanding the use of technology in library spaces is important to inform future facility planning to meet patro...
Prostanoids in hemolytic uremic syndrome.

5. Smith I, Lobascher ME, Wolff OH, Schmidt H, GrubelKaiser S, Bickel H: Effects of stopping low phenylalanine diet on the intellectual process of children with phenylketonuria. Br Med J 2:723, 1978. 6. Waisbren SE, Schnell RR, Levy HL: Diet termination in children with phenylketonuria: A review of psychological assessments used to determine outcome. J lnher Metab Dis 3:149, 1980. 7. Lenke RR, Levy HL: Maternal phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninemia: An international survey of the outcome of untreated and treated pregnancies. N Engl J Med 303:1202, 1980. 8. Fisch RO, Tsai MY, Clark BA, Okagaki T: Semen studies on phenylketonurics. Biochem Med 26:427, 1981. 9. Schuett VE, Brown E, Michals K: Reinstitution of diet therapy in PKU patients from 22 U.S. clinics. Am J Public Health 75:39, 1985. 10. Michals K, Matalon R, Dominik D, Schuett V, Brown E: Difficulties returning to diet therapy in patients with phenylketonuria. Pediatr Res 18:98A, 1984. 11. McCaman MW, Robins E: Fluorometric method for the determination of phenylalanine in serum. J Lab Clin Med 59:885, 1962. 12. Schuett VE, Brown ES: Diet policies of PKU clinics in the United States. Am J Public Health 74:501, 1984. 13. Brunner RL, Jordan MK, Berry HK: Early-treated phenylketonuria: Neuropsychologic consequences. J PEDIATR 102:831, 1983.
Time-frequency representations of Lamb waves.

The objective of this study is to establish the effectiveness of four different time-frequency representations (TFRs)—the reassigned spectrogram, the reassigned scalogram, the smoothed Wigner–Ville distribution, and the Hilbert spectrum—by comparing their ability to resolve the dispersion relationships for Lamb waves generated and detected with optical techniques. This paper illustrates the utility of using TFRs to quantitatively resolve changes in the frequency content of these nonstationary signals, as a function of time. While each technique has certain strengths and weaknesses, the reassigned spectrogram appears to be the best choice to characterize multimode Lamb waves.
The benefits of integrated systems: a case study

Emirates Towers is a state-of the art office hotel tower complex accommodating business and holiday travellers alike. The towers are home to numerous businesses and offer the latest fibre optic technology and integrated systems. The five star hotel tower has 500 rooms, including 40 suites and three main themed restaurants. A five level podium building connects the towers and includes more than 40 retail, restaurant and parking facilities. The article describes the solution provided by Johnson Controls to implement a state-of-the-art technological infrastructure scalable for future developments. They produced a total integrated IT and building management system infrastructure offering the client a single-seat operation solution. This approach, included redundant IT-network solution based on the ATM switches, video-on-demand, e-commerce, Internet, BMS, CCTV, and hotel management system data through the entire complex.
Quantitative fluorescence measurement of chloride transport mechanisms in phospholipid vesicles

A quantitative fluorescence assay has been developed to measure Cl flux across liposomal membranes for use in chloride transporter reconstitution studies. A Cl-sensitive fluorophore [6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium; SPQ] was entrapped into phospholipid/cholesterol liposomes formed by bath sonication, high-pressure extrusion, and detergent dialysis. Liposomes containing entrapped SPQ were separated from external SPQ by passage down a Sephadex G25 column. There was less than 10% leakage of SPQ from liposomes in 8 h at 4 degrees C and in 2 h at 23 degrees C. Cl influx (JCl in millimolar per second or nanomoles per second per centimeter squared) was determined from the time course of SPQ fluorescence, measured by cuvette or stopped-flow fluorometry, in response to inward Cl gradients. In 90% phosphatidylcholine (10% cholesterol liposomes at 23 degrees C, JCl in response to a 50 mM inward Cl gradient was 0.06 +/- 0.01 mM.s-1 (SD, n = 3) in the absence and 0.27 +/- 0.02 mM.s-1 in the presence of a K/valinomycin voltage clamp (0 mV), showing that the basal Cl "leak" is conductive; JCl increased (1.7 +/- 0.1)-fold in the presence of a 60-mV inside-positive diffusion potential. Accuracy of chloride influx rates determined by the SPQ method was confirmed by measurement of 36Cl uptake. In liposomes voltage-clamped to 0 mV, JCl was linear with external [Cl] (0-100 mM), independent of pH gradients, and strongly dependent on temperature (activation energy 18 +/- 1 kcal/mol, 12-42 degrees C) as predicted for channel-independent Cl diffusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthetic Triterpenoid CDDO Derivatives Modulate Cytoprotective or Immunological Properties in Astrocytes, Neurons, and Microglia

2-Cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) is a semisynthetic triterpenoid. CDDO derivatives with an amide, butyl ester (BE), imidazolide (IM), or trifluoroethyl amide (TFEA) group at position C-28 of CDDO were evaluated in glial and neuronal cells, in vitro. Changes in intracellular NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) levels, protection against oxidative toxicity, endotoxin-induced free-radical production, and the median lethal concentration (LC50) were assessed. All four CDDO derivatives at nanomolar concentrations increased NQO1 levels in astrocytes and moderately in neurons, but not in microglial cells. Pretreatment with 100 nM of CDDO-amide, CDDO-TFEA, or CDDO-IM protected astrocytes from hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Only CDDO-amide protected neuronal cells. Pretreatment of microglial cells with CDDO derivatives at nanomolar concentrations attenuated endotoxin-induced nitric oxide protection. The effectiveness for NQO1 induction, protection against oxidative toxicity, and attenuation of nitric oxide production, as well as cell viability at higher concentrations, varied among the derivatives with different functional groups at C-28. CDDO-amide had comparable or even a greater effectiveness at altering cytoprotective and immunomodulatory properties while having higher LC50 values for each neural cell type examined. These results indicate that derivatives of CDDO modulate important pathways relevant to many neurological diseases that involve both chronic inflammation and free-radical damage with variable effects based on the functional group at C-28 and cell type.
EDGE ENHANCEMENT OBSERVED WITH HYPERPOLARIZED 3HE

Abstract We have produced one-dimensional (1-D) magnetic resonance images of hyperpolarized 3He in square glass cells and demonstrated edge enhancement of the signal intensity near the parallel impermeable boundaries. The size and position of the edge-enhancement peaks approximately agrees with the theoretical prediction based on solutions of the 1-D Torrey equation with boundary conditions. Additional distortion in our images is due to the long-range dipole fields produced by the polarized spins and by the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the glass. Our experiments, done in an applied field of H0 = 31 G, demonstrate the low-field imaging capacity of hyperpolarized noble gases.
Social networks and technology adoption in small business

Many extant studies seek to explore the technology adoption characteristics of small firms. Given the importance of technology to firm success, understanding the determinants of technology adoption and its subsequent diffusion is the prevailing theme in much of the extant literature on small business. However, few studies investigate the impact of social networks on technology adoption in small firms. As small business owners are often part of a dynamic network of other business owners and suppliers, among others, it is likely that the business owner's decision to adopt various technologies will be influenced by their networks. In this study, we build on and draw from the work of various researchers such as Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, Davis' Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Bandiera and Rasul's work on the influence of network type and Abrahamson and Rosenkopf's research on network density to construct our parsimonious model. The conceptual model presented integrates key adoption attributes (i.e. organisational readiness, compatibility, Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and top management support) with that of social network concepts (i.e. extra-firm networks, network density and network type) to determine their relationship with technology adoption.
Neonatal cerebral infarction

Neonatal cerebral infarction in term infants has many possible causes, including bacterial meningitis, inherited or acquired coagulopathies, trauma, and hypoxia-ischemia. However, a specific cause often cannot be identified. Neurologic symptoms in the neonatal period are often subtle and nonspecific, even in infants with large infarctions involving an entire cerebral artery distribution. The most common presenting symptom is focal motor seizures of the contralateral limbs. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging, especially with diffusion-weighting, is the most sensitive imaging modality, although ultrasonography with Doppler imaging of cerebral blood flow is useful in the neonate who is too ill to transport. Neurodevelopmental outcome is often surprisingly good, with many infants making a complete recovery of motor function. The effect of neonatal stroke on cognitive function, especially language acquisition and emotional and social development, has not been fully established.
TOWARD ACCESSIBLE COMPUTER‐BASED TESTS: PROTOTYPES FOR VISUAL AND OTHER DISABILITIES

There is a great need to explore approaches for developing computer-based testing systems that are more accessible for people with disabilities. This report explores three prototype test delivery approaches, describing their development and formative evaluations. Fifteen adults, 2 to 4 from each of the six disability statuses—blindness, low vision, deafness, deaf-blindness, learning disability, and no disability—participated in a formative evaluation of the systems. Each participant was administered from 2 to 15 items in each of one or two of the systems. The study found that although all systems had weaknesses that should be addressed, almost all of the participants (13 of 15) would recommend at least one of the delivery methods for high-stakes tests, such as those for college or graduate admissions. The report concludes with recommendations for additional research that testing organizations seeking to develop accessible computer-based testing systems can consider.
A XANES and EXAFS Study of Hydration and Ion Pairing in Ambient Aqueous MnBr2 Solutions

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies were used to probe the first-shell coordination structure of Mn(II) in aqueous MnBr2 solutions at ambient conditions from very dilute to the near saturation limit. The Mn K-edge EXAFS spectra for 0.05 and 0.2 m solutions showed that there was no Br(−I) in the first shell, and that the Mn(II) was fully hydrated with six water molecules in an octahedral arrangement. In contrast, for 6 m solution, the coordination number of water was reduced to about 5, and an average of about one bromine atom was present in the first shell as a contact ion pair. The 1s → 4p transition at 6545.5 eV confirmed the observation of Mn–Br contact ion pairs at high concentrations and the 1s → 3d transition at 6539.5 eV showed that the first shell coordination symmetry remained octahedral even in the presence of Mn–Br ion pairs.
An ab initio cluster calculation of the photoemission spectrum and optical gap in La2CuO4

Abstract The photoemission and optical spectra of La2CuO4 are computed for a CuO6 cluster model using the techniques of ab initio quantum chemistry. Evidence for a near degeneracy and strong electronic coupling between the configurations Cu3+O2- (1Ag) and Cu2+O1- (1Ag) is presented. The former configuration arises from the second hole occupying an anti-bonding dpσ* orbital (1b21g, Cu3+O2-) while in the latter it occupies the bonding dpσ combination (1b11g2b 11g, Cu2+O1?−). The two resulting eigenstates contribute to intensity in photoemission at the Fermi energy as well as in the 12 eV satellite.
Lanthanide‐induced shifts in proton NMR spectra of cyclohexanones

The lanthanide-induced shifts (LIS) of the lanthanide shift reagent (LSR) Eu(FOD)3 are reported for a large number of cyclohexanones, especially those which are highly substituted. The following compounds were synthesized and characterized: 3-(aryl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanones, in which aryl = 1-naphthyl, phenyl, o-anisyl, m-anisyl, p-anisyl and p-chlorophenyl. Some analogous compounds were also studied: 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, 4-tert-butyl-cyclohexanone, 3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexanone 3-(1-naphthyl)5,5-dimethylcyclohexanone and para-tert-butyl-anisole. A method for the regression analysis of the concentration dependence of the LIS of these substrates is developed and reported, and used to derive the limiting incremental LIS (Δ2) for the LS2 complex and to evaluate the proton chemical shifts (δ0) in the absence of LSR. An ‘incremental dilution’ technique was found to be most appropriate to insure constant substrate concentrations, needed to extract both Δ2 and δ0. The conformations of the 3-(aryl)-type systems and analogous compounds were studied via LIS and found to conform to:—(i) an axially disposed aryl substituent in the 3,3,5,5-tetra-substituted cyclohexanones and (ii) a flattened chair form of the cyclohexanone ring with distortions in this chair form being an increase in the syn-diaxial (C-3, C-5) substituent distance (C-3 and C-5 substituents still eclipsed). The LIS were fully compatible with these structural assumptions.
Bismuth Preparations for Diarrhea

To the Editor.— I read the article by DuPont et al (243:237, 1980), describing their experience with the use of subsalicylate bismuth as prophylaxis for traveler's diarrhea. The authors suggest that subsalicylate is the active moiety. Information from Australia may suggest otherwise and add impetus to the authors urging characterization of the dynamics of bismuth absorption. Australian colostomy patients have frequently used bismuth subgallate to make bowel action more predictable and to control fecal odors effectively, 1 actions similar to those seen with the salicylate bismuth. A more important consideration for persons planning to take bismuth for a prolonged period is the risk of neuropsychiatric toxic effects that may be seen with long-term bismuth ingestion. Case reports 1,2 note difficulty in recall, upper and lower limb ataxia, tremor, insomnia, visual disturbances, possible hearing loss, and acute brain syndrome, which has included both auditory and visual hallucinations. In all of these
Neonatal Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa: Treatment Conundrums and Ethical Decision Making

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), generalized severe (previously called JEB, Herlitz-type) has an extremely poor prognosis, with a mean age of death at 5 months old and most dead before age 3 years. We describe a typical case of a neonate with JEB who developed failure to thrive before his death from fungal septicemia at 4 months of age. This case highlights the ethical considerations of invasive treatments such as gastrostomy tube placements, intubations, and central line placements in neonates with JEB. We review the literature as well as discuss the ethical conundrums in the care of patients with JEB and other severe forms of epidermolysis bullosa.
Patch selection by mottled sculpin (Pisces: Cottidae) in a southern Appalachian stream

1. We examined the effects of prey abundance on patch selection by a benthic fish, the mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), in a fourth order, southern Appalachian stream (North Carolina, U.S.A.). This habitat is a mosaic of small (i.e. < 0.5 m2), relatively discrete patches. 2. Patches were characterized in terms of physical habitat variables, detritus (coarse particulate organic matter, CPOM) and macroinvertebrate abundance (number and biomass). We quantified patch selection by comparing the characteristics of patches utilized by sculpin with those of locally available patches. Locally available patches were selected using a constrained random sampling design (i.e. randomly selected within a 2 m radius from each fish). We also examined the relationship between macroinvertebrate abundance, CPOM and the physical characteristics of available patches. 3. Patches selected by sculpin contained significantly higher macroinvertebrate abundances (both number and biomass) than locally available patches in five out of six seasonal samples. Sculpin also occupied patches with significantly higher amounts of CPOM in three out of five seasonal samples. Patches utilized by sculpin, however, could not be consistently differentiated from locally available patches on the basis of physical variables. In addition, macroinvertebrate abundance was not consistently related to physical habitat variables or CPOM during the course of the study. 4. Our results suggest that sculpin are able to assess patch quality on the basis of prey abundance and select patches that potentially maximize energy gain. This behaviour may produce an increase in individual fitness, especially when prey distributions are not consistently related to habitat variables. Quantifying patch use in relation to prey abundance may help elucidate the causal factors determining habitat use by benthic fishes in other lotic systems.
Growth of non-reflection-symmetric dendrites.

We extend the solvability theory of dendritic growth to the case of systems without reflection symmetry. We show that these systems exhibit a double selection of growth velocity and growth direction. These results are obtained both via numerical solution of the integro-differential shape equation and via the asymptotic Kruskal-Segur reduction to a differential equation in the complex plane.
A simulation approach for handling uncertainty in the analytic hierarchy process

Abstract Uncertainty considerations are introduced into the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The rank order of decision alternatives depends on two types of related uncertainties: (1) uncertainty regarding the future characteristics of the decision making environment described by a set of scenarios, and (2) uncertainty associated with the decision making judgment regarding each pairwise comparison. A simulation approach for handling both types of related uncertainties in the AHP is described. The example introduced by Saaty and Kearns (1985) is extended here to include uncertainty considerations.
Components of Hematoporphyrin Derivatives and Their Tumor-localizing Capacity

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD), a complex mixture of porphyrins derived from hematoporphyrin, has been used for localization and photoradiation therapy of tumors. In this report, we describe characterization of HPD and of its component porphyrins by reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography. Uptake of major HPD components by leukemia L1210 cells in vitro and by the Sarcoma 180 tumor in vivo were also examined. These data suggest that the apparent photosensitization of intact cells mediated by hematoporphyrin was associated with the uptake of more hydrophobic porphyrins present as impurities. In the Sarcoma 180 tumor, the fluorescent porphyrin persisting for two days in vivo after HPD administration was found to migrate with hematoporphyrin in a reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography system. Our results suggest that hematoporphyrin may be unable to cross the cell membrane readily in either direction and that long-persisting fluorescence resulting from exposure of tumor tissues to HPD results from transformation of a membrane-permeable HPD component to hematoporphyrin.
Encouraging couples to change: a motivational assessment to promote well-being in people with chronic pain and their partners.

Objective Motivating people with chronic pain to engage in therapy can be difficult, especially when individuals have not experienced adequate pain management. Therefore, it may be useful for clinicians to use a motivational assessment as a part of treatment to help patients achieve immediate benefits. Additionally, because the social context impacts chronic illness, the significant other should be included in the assessment. This article describes a motivational assessment that was developed for people with chronic pain and their partners. Intervention The motivational assessment begins with gathering information from questionnaires that each partner completes, conducting a semi-structured interview about the couples' relationship and pain history, and observing the couples converse about pain coping. Next, tailored feedback is provided to each couple regarding their strengths and weaknesses with suggestions for how to improve their relationship and pain coping skills. This tailored feedback engages the couple in this conversation by adhering to the principles of motivational interviewing. Case Example A case example of a couple who completed this motivational assessment is described. This assessment resulted in immediate improvements in marital satisfaction, pain severity, and mood for the couple. Conclusions This article provides a guide to clinicians for using a motivational assessment to help patients with a chronic illness achieve immediate benefits.
Ovarian Small Cell Tumors: An Electron Microscopic Review

Small cell tumors of the ovary are uncommon but represent an important group to recognize in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic ovarian neoplasms. In some cases the correct diagnosis cannot be confidently made on the basis of clinical setting, routine light microscopy, and immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy may be supportive or definitive in establishing cell type. The cell type is often important in choosing optimal therapy and in predicting prognosis. The authors performed electron microscopy on a moderate number of ovarian small cell tumors and here describe and illustrate the diagnostic features of representative examples of various types. The ultrastructural features of the metastatic tumors, such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and melanoma, are identical to those of their respective primary tumors, are well known, and usually pose no problem in diagnosis. On the other hand, the ultrastructural features of some primary ovarian small cell tumors may present ...
EVALUATION OF NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS FOR THE INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF BOWL‐LIFE AND CHANGES IN TEXTURE OVER TIME FOR READY‐TO‐EAT BREAKFAST CEREALS

Cornflakes were immersed in milk, rapidly drained and compressed in a TA. XT2i texture analyser (Stable Micro Systems, UK) fitted with an Ottawa Cell. The data were analyzed numerically yielding nine instrumental crispness parameters. Bowl-life was determined using an untrained sensory panel. Three models (Weibull, exponential and modified exponential) successfully modeled the change in mechanical properties as a function of immersion time. An instrumental method of measuring bowl-life is described that measures peak force at a range of immersion times and models the data with the Weibull equation. This method may be a valuable asset to the breakfast cereals industry.
Effects of spatial scale and taxonomic group on partitioning of butterfly and bird diversity in the Great Basin, USA

Different taxonomic groups perceive and respond to the environment at different scales. We examined the effects of spatial scale on diversity patterns of butterflies and birds in the central Great Basin of the western USA. We partitioned the landscape into three hierarchical spatial levels: mountain ranges, canyons, and sites within can yons. We evaluated the relative contribution of each level to species richness and quantified changes in species composition at each level. Using additive partitioning, we calculated the contribution of spatial level to overall species diversity. Both canyon and mountain range had significant effects on landscape-level species richness of butterflies and birds. Species composition of butterflies was more similar in space than species composition of birds, but assemblages of both groups that were closer together in space were less similar than assemblages that were further apart. These results likely reflect differences in resource specificity and the distribution of resources for each group. Additive partitioning showed that alpha diversity within canyon segments was the dominant component of overall species richness of butterflies but not of birds. As the size of a sampling unit increased, its contribution to overall species richness of birds increased monotonically, but the relationship between spatial scale and species richness of butterflies was not linear. Our work emphasizes that the most appropriate scales for studying and conserving different taxonomic groups are not the same. The ability of butterflies and birds to serve as surrogate measures of each other’s diversity appears to be scale-dependent.
Arthralgia as a first symptom of pulmonary lesions.

Arthralgia may be the earliest symptom of intrathoracic disease. The patient who presents this complaint should have a thorough study of his chest including x-ray inspection. The surgical removal of an intrathoracic neoplasm often may bring about dramatic relief of such arthralgia.
Complex left profunda femoris vein to renal vein bypass for the management of progressive chronic iliofemoral occlusion.

Chronic Occlusions of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and iliofemoral veins are long-term sequelae of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) that can lead to postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Patients may present with a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms, ranging from mild discomfort and swelling to severe venous hypertension and ulcerations. We report a 68-year-old man who had a history of left lower extremity DVT after a laminectomy and who developed PTS with nonhealing ulcers. The patient underwent a cross-pubic femorofemoral venous bypass that failed to improve his clinical status. After unsuccessful endovascular attempts for recanalization of the iliofemoral segment, a profunda femoris to IVC bypass was performed. The symptoms recurred 2 years later. Venography revealed restenosis at the caval anastomosis that did not resolve by endovascular means. A surgical revision was performed, and given the quality of the IVC, a jump bypass was created to the left renal vein. The swelling improved and the ulcers healed completely. Twenty-eight months after the complex reconstructions, he remains ulcer-free with mild edema controlled with stockings. Venous reconstructions remain a viable option for patients with symptomatic and recalcitrant nonmalignant obstruction of the large veins.
Rotation effects on measurements of lateral motion

Inertial transducers that measure horizontal movement are affected by rotation of the measurement location. In this paper, the effect of rotation is expressed quantitatively as a fraction of the translational signal amplitude and is shown to depend inversely on the effective radius of rotation of the measurement location and the square of the frequency component of the signal. Correction procedures are presented for various cases that arise in the determination of modal amplitudes and mode shapes for tower structures, suspension bridges and frame building structures. Specific numerical results are included for the CN Tower and the Commerce Court Building in Toronto, Canada, and the Lions' Gate Suspension Bridge in Vancouver, British Columbia. Rotational effects on signals obtained from horizontal transducers can be significant for very low frequency tower structures and suspension bridges, but are not likely to be of importance for frame buildings.