cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils

Abstract Fossil evidence of the existence of life during the Archean Eon of Earth history (>2500 Ma) is summarized. Data are outlined for 48 Archean deposits reported to contain biogenic stromatolites and for 14 such units that contain a total of 40 morphotypes of described microfossils. Among the oldest of these putatively microfossiliferous units is a brecciated chert of the ∼3465 Ma Apex Basalt of Western Australia. The paleoenvironment, carbonaceous composition, mode of preservation, and morphology of the Apex microbe-like filaments, backed by new evidence of their cellular structure provided by two- and three-dimensional Raman imagery, support their biogenic interpretation. Such data, together with the presence of stromatolites, microfossils, and carbon isotopic evidence of biological activity in similarly aged deposits, indicate that the antiquity of life on Earth extends to at least ∼3500 Ma.
PROFIM: Prolog for image management

It is shown that Prolog can serve as a multi-purpose language in an image management system. With sufficient support routines, Prolog: is interpretive, in order to give immediate response; is programmable, allowing users to compose commands; can update and query the image database; can be used for optimization and constraint rules; and can perform input/output and communications. The architecture of PROFIM is described. The necessary enhancements of Prolog for it to be widely used in image management systems are summarized. >
A NOTE ON GROUP VELOCITY

The kinematic approach to group velocity given in Lighthill & Whitham (1955) for one-dimensional waves is extended to cover the general three-dimensional case. The ideas have particular bearing on the theory developed by Ursell (1960) for treating steady wave patterns on non-uniform steady fluid flows.Although this note was written in ignorance of the fact, all the main ideas presented here are implicit in §§66 and 67 of the book by Landau & Lifshitz (1959). However, these ideas do not seem to be well known to fluid dynamicists, and it was suggested to the author by the editor that a useful purpose would still be served by publishing this note as an expository article amplifying the paragraphs in Landau & Lifshitz. It also serves the original purpose of providing a supplement to Ursell's paper.
Web-based experiments for introducing speech recognition basics in a DSP course

In this paper, we describe Web-based educational software tools tailored to expose students in an undergraduate DSP course to the basics of hidden Markov model (HMM)-based speech recognition. In particular, we developed Java software that enables on-line computer laboratories on the essential preprocessing, HMM, and Viterbi algorithms as used in a basic speech recognition task. The software is complemented by streaming lectures, a set of on-line demonstrations with animation, and exercises that take the student through HMM training and recognition. The software is being made available to students in the Fall of 2003 and we expect to present assessment results at the conference.
Effects of Honeydew-Producing Hemipteran Denial on Local Argentine Ant Distribution and Boric Acid Bait Performance

The Argentine ant is well known for its affinity for honeydew and is often associated with hemipteran outbreaks in agricultural and urban environments. It has been suggested that Argentine ants may be controlled by restricting access to honeydew, thereby forcing the ants to move or by encouraging increased liquid toxicant intake. We tested this possible control strategy by restricting Argentine ant access to the honeydew-producing terrapin scale within the canopy of red maple trees and monitoring ant numbers with pitfall traps and nest counts in the mulch around the tree base. Argentine ant nest numbers fell dramatically in the mulch around ant-excluded trees; however, there was no reduction in Argentine ant numbers caught in pitfalls around trees with or without canopy access. We added 0.5% boric acid bait stations at the base of the red maples and monitored bait consumption. Pitfall and nest counts were not affected by the addition of boric acid, although bait consumption was lower around ant-excluded trees, suggesting that restricting access to honeydew-producing Hemiptera did not enhance bait performance. We attribute this result to the increased distance Argentine ant workers had to trail from nest to bait station when not tending nearby terrapin scale. We suggest an alternative management strategy concentrating direct insecticidal control of Argentine ants around a few host plants infested with honeydew-producing Hemiptera by controlling Hemiptera in nearby host plants.
A Perspective on Ethical Issues in Community Psychology

Early analyses identified community psychology (Golann, 1969) and the related field of community psychiatry (McNeil, Llewellyn, & McCollough, 1970) as emerging areas of ethical concern. As community psychology developed in areas of research and practice, these concerns continued. Rappaport (1977), for example, wrote that community psychology is fraught with inherent complexities because it lies at the juncture between society and the individual, suggesting that the field faced special ethical problems. And Weithorn (1987) asserts that special issues that may characterize prevention research with children create “ethical dilemmas” —situations when what is ethically correct is not clear, and any of several ethically defensible solutions may be arrived at, depending on one’s analysis of the issues“ (p. 230). Despite these ongoing concerns, consideration of ethical issues within community psychology has received limited attention
Experimental Comparison of the Bonding in Inorganometallic and Organometallic Complexes by Photoelectron Spectroscopy

The broad strides that have been made in recent years in the synthesis and structural characterization of organometallic and inorganometallic complexes have led to increasing interest in understanding the electronic structure and bonding in these molecules. The principles and models of bonding that have developed for organometallic complexes, as typified by the Dewar—Chatt— Duncanson model of synergistic metal—ligand bonding, have also provided the foundation for understanding the chemical and physical properties of inorganometallic complexes. These principles go beyond the basic crystal field or valence bond descriptions of d-orbital splitting diagrams of classical coordination compounds. The models now consider the precise electron-donor, electron-acceptor, and bond-forming capabilities of the ligands. For every interaction of an organic ligand with a metal there is a symmetry-equivalent interaction of an inorganic ligand with a metal. This has been termed the “isolobal analogy.”(1,2) The differences lie in the precise spatial distribution and energy of the valence electrons of the ligands. Experimental approaches are essential to obtain a quantitative comparison of the electron distribution and bonding of organic and inorganic ligands with transition metals.
Dancing in the Dark: Applying the Passive Loss Rules to Trusts and Estates

Paper discusses the struggle in applying the passive loss rules to trusts and estates. It analyzes the limited guidance such as the Carter case and TAM 200733023. In light of this limited guidance it provides planning opportunities that may exist. It discusses that the passive loss rules are aimed at a single taxpayer while a trust acts as a hybrid.The problem in applying these rules is who does it apply to: trustee, beneficiary or the trust itself. Since there is conflicting answers to whom it applies this may under the right circumstances create planning opportunities.
An Efficient SFEM Algorithm for Nonlinear Structures

An efficient SFEM method is proposed for reliability analysis of highly redundant elastic-perfectly-plastic large deformed frame structures under proportional loading. Any frame or truss structures can be handled using this method, and the geometric and material nonlinearities can be considered at the same time. Uncertainties in the load and resistance-related parameters are considered. The proposed method has several advantages over the other available methods. The method is verified with two examples. The results match very well with Monte Carlo simulation.
Increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in R. rickettsii-infected endothelial cells.

Changes in PAI-I expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were studied following in vitro infection with Rickettsia rickettsii. A 1.8-fold increase in secreted PAI-1 activity occurred in infected versus control cultures (p = 0.03) at 24 h but not at earlier timepoints. A similar increase (1.4-fold in secreted PAI-1 antigen (p<0.005) was measured by ELISA. To determine whether this increase was due to increased synthesis of PAT-1, HUVEC were metabolically labeled with 35 S-methionine concurrent with R. rickettsii infection. Such infection resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in labeled PAI-1 in the medium at 24 h (p = 0.036). Increase in steady-state levels of PAI-1 mRNA were detected as early as 18h by Northern blot analysis, peaking (5.5-fold) at approximately 24 h. These results indicate that PAI-1 production is increased in RR-infected endothelial cells, an effect that may contribute to the vascular occlusions noted in Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Reform Efforts in Florida's Middle Level Schools: Shifting from Mandate to Accountability Through Deregulation

AbstractOver the past two decades, Florida has made various statewide attempts to implement the middle school concept. In the early 1970s, some school districts began reorganizing its schools. The PRIME (Progress in Middle Childhood Education) was passed in 1984 and funded in 1985. This legislation mandated some programs and practices normally associated with the middle school concept and encouraged others through special funds. In 1991, PRIME legislation was placed in abeyance and Accountability/Blueprint 2000 legislation now stipulates site-based management and accountability. This evolutionary cycle of middle school programs and policies is the basis of this research project.Data documenting the impact of PRIME legislation during the years 1984–1989 served as a beginning point to this study. The four research questions that guided this study focused on the overall impact of PRIME legislation and categoricalfunding on middle level schools in Florida, the conditions of implementation that lead to institu...
Introductory: Hardy, George Moore and Others

In the long career of Thomas Hardy, George Moore occupied a special place, for Moore was undoubtedly one of the two literary contemporaries Hardy most despised. The other was G. K. Chesterton. On 11 January 1928, when Hardy lay dying, one of his last gestures was to dictate two epitaphs, one to Chesterton, the other to Moore. The epitaph to Chesterton, as the opening and closing couplets show, distilled Hardy’s lingering bitterness toward a critic who had attacked him fifteen years before as ‘a sort of village atheist brooding and blaspheming over the village idiot’: ‘Here lies nipped in this narrow cyst/The literary contortionist. … If one with him could not see/He’d shout his choice word “Blasphemy”.’ Chesterton had been perhaps the harshest critic of Hardy’s heterodoxy. Moore, on the other hand, had been the most savage critic of Hardy’s style, and to Moore Hardy bequeathed an ‘Epitaph for George Moore: On One Who Thought No Other Could Write Such English as Himself’: ‘No mortal man beneath the sky Can write such English as can I. They say it holds no thought my own What then, such beauty (perfection) is not known.’ Heap dustbins on him: They’ll not meet The apex of his self-conceit.1
A Surgical Robot Teleoperation Framework for Providing Haptic Feedback Incorporating Virtual Environment-Based Guidance

In robot-assisted tele-operated laparoscopic surgeries, the patient side manipulators are controlled via the master manipulators that are controlled by the surgeon. The current generation of robots approved for laparoscopic surgery lack haptic feedback. In theory, haptic feedback would enhance the surgical procedures by enabling better coordination between the hand movements that are improved by the tactile sense of the operating environment. This research presents an overall control framework for a haptic feedback on existing robot platforms, and demonstrated on the daVinci Research Kit (dVRK) system. The paper discusses the implementation of a flexible framework that incorporates a stiffness control with gravity compensation for the surgeons manipulator and a sensing and collision detection algorithm for calculating the interaction between the patients manipulators and the surgical area.
Erratum to: Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Primary Health Care: Usual Points of Access and Temporal Trends in a Major US Urban Area.

Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), an overall marker of neighborhood conditions, may determine residents’ access to health care, independently of their own individual characteristics. It remains unclear, however, how the distinct settings where individuals seek care vary by neighborhood SES, particularly in US urban areas. With existing literature being relatively old, revealing how these associations might have changed in recent years is also timely in this US health care reform era. Using data on the Philadelphia region from 2002 to 2012, we performed multilevel analysis to examine the associations of neighborhood SES (measured as census tract median household income) with access to usual sources of primary care (physician offices, community health centers, and hospital outpatient clinics). We found no evidence that residence in a low-income (versus high-income) neighborhood was associated with poorer overall access. However, low-income neighborhood residence was associated with less reliance on physician offices [−4.40 percentage points; 95 % confidence intervals (CI) −5.80, −3.00] and greater reliance on the safety net provided by health centers [2.08; 95 % CI 1.42, 2.75] and outpatient clinics [1.61; 95 % CI 0.97, 2.26]. These patterns largely persisted over the 10 years investigated. These findings suggest that safety-net providers have continued to play an important role in ensuring access to primary care in urban, low-income communities, further underscoring the importance of supporting a strong safety net to ensure equitable access to care regardless of place of residence.
Comparison of Compression-After-Impact and Flexure-After-Impact protocols for 2D and 3D woven fiber-reinforced composites

Abstract Post-impact mechanical response of 2D and 3D woven glass/epoxy composite plates and beams of equivalent areal density are evaluated using both Compression-After-Impact (CAI) and Flexure-After-Impact (FAI) testing protocols. Residual strength and stiffness for CAI and FAI are compared after normalization of impact energy with respect to specimen volume. Post-impact flexural strength and modulus from FAI testing exhibit larger reductions with respect to impact energy in comparison to CAI results. At the largest impact energies tested, FAI testing yields 70% reduction in flexural strength compared to only 20% reduction (in compressive strength). Architecturally, 3D woven composites retain greater post-impact mechanical performance as a result of the through-thickness Z-tow which suppresses delamination growth and opening during impact.
Toward the Identification of Consumer Retailer Nostalgia: An Abstract

While nostalgia has received considerable attention in the marketing literature, relatively little research has been conducted as to the role of consumer nostalgia in the retail setting. In addition, while previous research has found that autobiographical memories are evoked naturally and spontaneously in response to various marketing stimuli and many consumption memories involve retail experiences, little is known about the types of nostalgic memories evoked by remembering a retailer and the elements of retailing that are associated with such memories.
Temporal changes in liver stiffness after Fontan operation: Results of serial magnetic resonance elastography

Abstract Background The relationship between temporal progression of magnetic resonance elastography derived liver stiffness (MRE-LS) and progression of Fontan associated liver disease (FALD) is unknown. To assess this relationship, we hypothesized that progression of MRE-LS correlated with progression FALD severity and clinical outcomes. Methods Retrospective review of Fontan patients who had >1 liver MRE, 2010–2016. Annual change in MRE-LS was the quotient of the difference between baseline and subsequent MRE-LS, and the interval between scans. Results 22 patients were enrolled; median age 29(19–38) years, 14 (64%) males and 10 (46%) with atriopulmonary Fontan. Baseline and subsequent MRE-LS values were 5.4 ± 1.1 kPa and 5.8 ± 0.9 kPa" for clarity, interval between scans was 25 ± 5 months, and annual change in MRE-LS was 0.3 ± 0.2 kPa. Temporal change in MRE-LS correlated with temporal changes in model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score ( r = 0.84, p r = 0.75, p = 0.001). The study cohort was divided into 2 groups using the mean annual change in MRE-LS as the cut point. Groups A and B comprised of patients with annual increase in MRE-LS ≥0.3 kPa ( n = 6) and n = 16) respectively. Composite adverse event endpoint (death, heart–liver transplant listing, palliative care, hospitalization, paracentesis) was more common in Group A (4 of 6, 67%) compared to Group B (3 of 16, 19%), p = 0.13 although this did not reach statistical significance due to small sample size. Conclusions Progression of MRE-LS correlated with clinical deterioration as measured by worsening liver disease severity scores and the occurrence of adverse events.
Financial Accountants' Perceptions of Management's Ethical Standards

It is believed that the atmosphere in which employees carry out their responsibilities influences whether employees will behave ethically. An important factor contributing to the integrity of the financial reporting process is the tone set by senior management (i.e., the corporate environment). This study was conducted to describe financial accountants' perceptions of management's ethical standards. These perceptions are based on both management's actions and management's expectations of the employee. This researcher also attempted to identify demographic variables that are related to these perceptions. The results are based on a survey mailed to 400 CPAs who prepare financial reports. Accountants generally perceive management's conduct as ethical and believe that management expects them to behave ethically. Of particular interest is that respondents have more positive attitudes about management's expectations of them than they do about management's own actions in terms of ethical behavior. The majority of respondents reported at least some pressure to achieve short-term performance targets. Management level, industry, size of an organization, and gender were all found to be related to employee perceptions.
Tissue transglutaminase in apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in rat retina.

Purpose. The possible involvement of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) in apoptosis during photoreceptor degeneration was examined in retinal photic injury in rats and in retinal dystrophy of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats. Methods. Retinal photic injury was induced in 48 male Lewis albino rats by exposure to green fluorescent light of 300 to 320 foot-candles. The retinal tTG was examined by enzyme assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis after 9, 12, or 24 hours of exposure or at 6 or 24 hours of dark adaptation after 24 hours of light exposure. Retinas from RCS rats at various stages of degeneration also were examined with similar methods. Results. There was a progressive increase in retinal tTG activity after 300 to 320 ft-c of light exposure, reaching a peak after 24 hours of light exposure. In the RCS rats, tTG activity increased with age. Western blot analysis revealed an immunoreactive band at 80 kDa, which increased in accordance with the transglutaminase activity in both models. In normal rat retinas, tTG immunolabeling was present only in the outer segments. There was an increased number of immunolabeled photoreceptor nuclei from 12 hours of light exposure to 24 hours of light exposure. In the RCS rat, increasing numbers of immunopositive photoreceptor nuclei from 20 to 50 days of age were noted. Conclusions. The data associated increased retinal tTG activity and enzyme levels with photoreceptor cells undergoing apoptosis. The tTG-dependent irreversible cross-linking of intracellular protein may play an important role in causing the structural changes in cells undergoing apoptosis in the retina.
Neuroimaging Findings in Intracranial Sarcoid Phlebitis: A Case Report.

Abstract Introduction Venous phlebitis in Neurosarcoidosis (NS) is rare but is often associated with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Imaging findings in such cases have been recently described on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Case Presentation and Outcome We report a patient who presented with ICH. Magnetic resonance imaging provided evidence for parenchymal and leptomeningeal involvement while SWI and vessel wall imaging (VWI) helped confirmed NS associated intracranial phlebitis. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with systemic sarcoidosis. Discussion The emerging role of VWI and SWI in the diagnosis of this rare entity is discussed.
Proteomic Analysis of the Spinophilin Interactome in Rodent Striatum Following Psychostimulant Sensitization

Glutamatergic projections from the cortex and dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra or ventral tegmental area synapse on dendritic spines of specific GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. Direct pathway MSNs (dMSNs) are positively coupled to protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and activation of these neurons enhance specific motor programs whereas indirect pathway MSNs (iMSNs) are negatively coupled to PKA and inhibit competing motor programs. An imbalance in the activity of these two programs is observed following increased dopamine signaling associated with exposure to psychostimulant drugs of abuse. Alterations in MSN signaling are mediated by changes in MSN protein post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation. Whereas direct changes in specific kinases, such as PKA, regulate different effects observed in the two MSN populations, alterations in the specific activity of serine/threonine phosphatases, such as protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) are less well known. This lack of knowledge is due, in part, to unknown, cell-specific changes in PP1 targeting proteins. Spinophilin is the major PP1-targeting protein in striatal postsynaptic densities. Using proteomics and immunoblotting approaches along with a novel transgenic mouse expressing hemagglutainin (HA)-tagged spinophilin in dMSNs and iMSNs, we have uncovered cell-specific regulation of the spinophilin interactome following a sensitizing regimen of amphetamine. These data suggest regulation of spinophilin interactions in specific MSN cell types and may give novel insight into putative cell-specific, phosphatase-dependent signaling pathways associated with psychostimulants.
Abstract WP264: Relationship between Left Atrial Volume and Ischemic Stroke Subtype

Introduction: Embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS) are thought to mostly arise from occult cardiac sources or large-artery atherosclerotic lesions. Atrial cardiopathy in the absence of atr...
Self-emergence of structures in gene expression programming

This thesis work aims at improving the problem solving ability of the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) algorithm to fulfill complex data mining tasks by preserving and utilizing the self-emergence of structures during its evolutionary process. The main contributions include the investigation of the constant creation techniques for promoting good functional structures emergent in the evolution, analysis of the limitation with the current implementation scheme of GEP, and introduction of a novel utilization of the emergent structures to achieve a flexible search process for solutions at a higher level.
Acoustic Trauma Causes Cochlear Pericyte-to-Myofibroblast-Like Cell Transformation and Vascular Degeneration, and Transplantation of New Pericytes Prevents Vascular Atrophy

Acoustic trauma disrupts cochlear blood flow and damages sensory hair cells. Damage and regression of capillaries after acoustic trauma have long been observed, but the underlying mechanism of pathology has not been understood. We show here that loud sound causes change of phenotype from NG2+/α-SMA- to NG2+/α-SMA+ in some pericytes (PCs) on strial capillaries that is strongly associated with up-regulation of TGF-β1. The acoustic trauma also causes a reduction of capillary density and increased deposition of matrix proteins, particularly in tne vicinity of transformed PCs. With a newly established in vitro 3D endothelial cell (EC) and PC co-culture model, we further demonstrate that transformed PCs induce thicker capillary-like branches in ECs and increased collagen IV and laminin expression. Transplantation of exogenous neo-PCs isolated from postnatal day ten mice to acoustic traumatized cochleae, however, significantly attenuates the decreased vascular density in the stria. Transplantation of PCs pre-transfected with AAV1-VEGF-A165 under control of a hypoxia-response element markedly promotes vascular volume and blood flow, increases proliferation of PCs and ECs, and attenuates loud sound-caused loss in endocochelar potential and hearing. Our results indicate that loud sound-triggered PC transformation contributes to capillary wall thickening and regression, and young PC transplantation effectively rehabilitates the vascular regression and improves hearing.
Administering the HPV Vaccine to People Living with HIV: Providers' Perspectives.

HIV-positive patients suffer disproportionate burden of anal cancer, a disease which is primarily caused by persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and is potentially preventable with the completion of the HPV vaccine series. Past research qualitatively explored HIV-positive patients’ perspectives about the HPV vaccine. However, little is known about their healthcare practitioners’ vaccine recommendation behaviors, the strongest influence on vaccine uptake. This study reports on in-depth interviews conducted with 25 healthcare practitioners who provide care for HIV-positive patients. Qualitative themes that emerged from the study included clinicians’ HPV vaccination behaviors, HIV patient’s willingness to get the HPV vaccine, the role of HIV-positive patients’ immune functioning in terms of timing of HPV vaccine administration, and vaccinating HIV-positive patients over age 26. The majority of providers offered the vaccine at their healthcare facility. Participants varied in their opinions related to the importance of patients’ CD4 count in terms of timing of HPV vaccine administration; some believed that patients’ immune functioning should first be stabilized to receive the most benefit from the vaccine series. They also differed in the perceived benefit of offering the vaccine to patients over age 26. In light of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s recent approval to extend HPV vaccination to adults up to age 45 years, more HIV-positive adults may benefit by receiving this vaccine series. Future efforts should ensure that providers regularly promote the HPV vaccine to their adult HIV-positive patients. Vaccinating HIV-positive patients may help reduce the burden of HPV-related cancers, particularly anal cancer.
Conserved conformational hierarchy across functionally divergent glycosyltransferases of the gt-b structural superfamily as determined from microsecond molecular dynamics

It has long been understood that some proteins undergo conformational transitions en route to the Michaelis Complex to allow chemistry. Examination of crystal structures of glycosyltransferase enzymes in the GT-B structural class reveals that the presence of ligand in the active site triggers an open-to-closed conformation transition, necessary for their catalytic functions. Herein, we describe microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of two distantly related glycosyltransferases that are part of the GT-B structural superfamily, HepI and GtfA. Simulations were performed using the open and closed conformations of these unbound proteins, respectively, and we sought to identify the major dynamical modes and communication networks that interconnect the open and closed structures. We provide the first reported evidence within the scope of our simulation parameters that the interconversion between open and closed conformations is a hierarchical multistep process which can be a conserved feature of enzymes of the same structural superfamily. Each of these motions involves of a collection of smaller molecular reorientations distributed across both domains, highlighting the complexities of protein dynamic involved in the interconversion process. Additionally, dynamic cross-correlation analysis was employed to explore the potential effect of distal residues on the catalytic efficiency of HepI. Multiple distal nonionizable residues of the C-terminal domain exhibit motions anticorrelated to positively charged residues in the active site in the N-terminal domain involved in substrate binding. Mutations of these residues resulted in a reduction in negatively correlated motions and an altered enzymatic efficiency that is dominated by lower Km values with kcat effectively unchanged. The findings suggest that residues with opposing conformational motions involved in the opening and closing of the bidomain HepI protein can allosterically alter the population and conformation of the “closed” state, essential to the formation of the Michaelis complex. The stabilization effects of these mutations likely equally influence the energetics of both the ground state and the transition state of the catalytic reaction, leading to the unaltered kcat. Our study provides new insights into the role of conformational dynamics in glycosyltransferase’s function and new modality to modulate enzymatic efficiency.
CONSEJOS PARA UNA NUEVA GENERACIÓN DE ANTROPÓLOGOS Y ANTROPÓLOGAS

Si bien senala que cada carrera en antropologia sera unica, el autor describe un conjunto de 25 recomendaciones para que los estudiantes de antropologia consideren a medida que avanzan en sus carreras academicas y profesionales. Estas sugerencias estan destinadas a mejorar el trabajo y aumentar el exito de quienes ingresan al campo de la antropologia. Estan dirigidos especialmente a estudiantes universitarios peruanos y jovenes profesionales. Los 25 puntos presentados en el articulo deben ser vistos como temas para ser discutidos mas que como un conjunto de pautas rigidas para que todos los sigan. El objetivo del autor es promover el debate sobre como mejorar lo que hacemos como antropologos y antropologas.
Probing functional interactions between cytochromes P450 with principal component analysis of substrate saturation profiles and targeted proteomics.

Abstract We investigated the correspondence between drug metabolism routes and the composition of the P450 ensemble in human liver microsomes (HLM). As a probe, we used Coumarin 152 (C152), a fluorogenic substrate metabolized by multiple P450 species. Studying the substrate-saturation profiles (SSP) in seven pooled HLM preparations, we sought to correlate them with the P450 pool's composition characterized by targeted proteomics. This analysis, complemented with the assays with specific inhibitors of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, the primary C152 metabolizers, demonstrated a significant contrast between different HLM samples. To unveil the source of these differences, we implemented Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the SSP series obtained with HLM samples with a known composition of the P450 pool. Our analysis revealed that the parameters of C152 metabolism are primarily determined by the content of CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2E1, and CYP3A5 of those only CYP2B6 and CYP3A5 can metabolize C152. To validate this finding, we studied the effect of enriching HLM with CYP2A6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A5. The incorporation of CYP3A5 into HLM decreases the rate of C152 metabolism while increasing the role of CYP2B6 in its turnover. In contrast, incorporation of CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 reroutes the C152 demethylation towards some P450 enzyme with a moderate affinity to the substrate, most likely CYP3A4. Our results reveal a sharp non-additivity of the individual P450 properties and suggest a pivotal role of P450–P450 interactions in determining drug metabolism routes. This study demonstrates the high potential of our new PCA-based approach in unveiling functional interrelationships between different P450 species.
A Cohort Study on Prognostic Factors for Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy Success in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Background Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a promising approach for cytoreduction of deep-seated gliomas. However, parameters contributing to treatment success remain unclear. Objective To identify extent of ablation (EOA) and time to chemotherapy (TTC) as predictors of improved overall and progression-free survival (OS, PFS) and suggest laser parameters to achieve optimal EOA. Methods Demographic, clinical, and survival data were collected retrospectively from 20 patients undergoing LITT for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM). EOA was calculated through magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetric analysis. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression were used to examine the relationship between EOA with OS and PFS accounting for covariates (age, isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase hypermethylation). The effect of laser thermodynamic parameters (power, energy, time) on EOA was identified through linear regression. Results Median OS and PFS for the entire cohort were 36.2 and 3.5 mo respectively. Patient's with >70% EOA had significantly improved PFS compared to ≤70% EOA (5.2 vs 2.3 mo, P = .01) and trended toward improved OS (36.2 vs 11 mo, P = .07) on univariate and multivariate analysis. Total laser power was a significant predictor for increased EOA when accounting for preoperative lesion volume (P = .001). Chemotherapy within 16 d of surgery significantly predicted improved PFS compared to delaying chemotherapy (9.4 vs 3.1 mo, P = .009). Conclusion Increased EOA was a predictor of improved PFS with evidence of a trend toward improved OS in LITT treatment of nGBM. A strategy favoring higher laser power during tumor ablation may achieve optimal EOA. Early transition to chemotherapy after LITT improves PFS.
Social neural sensitivity as a susceptibility marker to family context in predicting adolescent externalizing behavior.

Abstract Adolescence represents a period of risk for developing patterns of risk-taking and conduct problems, and the quality of the family environment is one robust predictor of such externalizing behavior. However, family factors may not affect all youth uniformly, and individual differences in neurobiological susceptibility to the family context may moderate its influence. The current study investigated brain-based individual differences in social motivational processing as a susceptibility marker to family conflict in predicting externalizing behavior in early adolescent youth. 163 adolescents (Mage = 12.87 years) completed an fMRI scan during which they anticipated social rewards and social punishments. For adolescents with heightened ventral striatum and amygdala blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) response during the anticipation of social rewards and heightened ventral striatum BOLD response during the anticipation of social punishments, higher levels of family conflict were associated with greater externalizing behavior. BOLD response when anticipating both social rewards and punishments suggested increased susceptibility to maladaptive family contexts, highlighting the importance of considering adolescent social motivation in positive and negatively valenced contexts.
The Condition of Human Rights at the International Setting

Today the American people must reaffirm their commitment to the Nuremberg Charter, judgment, and principles by holding their government officials fully accountable under international law and U.S. domestic law for the commission of such grievous international and domestic crimes. They must not permit any aspect of their foreign affairs and defense policies to be conducted by acknowledged “war criminals” according to the U.S. government’s own official definition of that term as set forth in U.S. Army Field Manual 27-10 (1956), the U.S. War Crimes Act, and the Geneva Conventions. The American people must insist upon the impeachment, dismissal, resignation, indictment, conviction, and long-term incarceration of all U.S. government officials guilty of such heinous international and domestic crimes. The future of American foreign policy and the peace of the world lie in the hands of American citizens and the peoples of the world — not the bureaucrats, legislators, judges, lobbyist, think-tanks, professors, and self-styled experts who inhibit Washington, D.C., New York City, and Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The Meaning of Size: Output? Scope? Capacity? The Case of Airline Hubs

The "size" of a production facility has different specific meanings depending on the nature of the business decision at issue. We present a general theoretical model illustrating the profit-maximizing firm's interrelated choice of plant size in long-run, medium-run and short-run contexts. The model is then estimated for U.S. airline hubs. The results suggest that competition operates primarily via the capacity (long-run) size decision. A game-theoretic simulation based upon the results is consistent with the argument that the smaller of two hubs sharing an airport is at a significant competitive disadvantage. The "size" of a plant seems a simple concept. Yet, depending on the reason for ask- ing "how big" the plant is, several different definitions are evoked by economists to answer that question. Examples include the current volume of output, the short-run capacity of the plant, and minimum efficient scale. Looking in another dimension, a measure of scope ("How many distinct products does the firm produce at this plant?") is sometimes needed. And, finally, for some purposes it is relative size (measured, e.g., by market share) that is most relevant. The standard textbook discussion of size speaks of these matters at a high level of abstraction. Typically the choice of plant size is portrayed as a long-run decision; it is the combination of fixed inputs that minimizes the cost of producing the desired long-run output. In the short run, firms are said to choose the mix of variable inputs that maximizes profits given the set of fixed inputs already in place. Within that plant, firms may vary output and capacity utilization (within limits). The mission of this paper is twofold. First, we aim to provide a deeper under- standing of the hierarchical relationship which underlies the output, scope and capacity choices of a firm. We do this by modeling explicitly the profit-maximizing calculus of the firm as it makes long-run and short-run decisions affecting its size. Though the model arises from the specific context of the airline industry, in which a hub serves the function of the plant in the generic textbook discussion, it is in fact a quite general discussion of these interrelated choices. Second, we use this model to illuminate some significant aspects of airline competition.
A compact design for a highly-parallel shared-memory MIMD computer

The ultracomputer architecture connects hundreds or possibly thousands of processing elements (PEs), each containing a cache but no local memory, to an equal number of memory modules (MMs) via an interconnection network constructed of custom VLSI components that combine (merge) requests from different PEs destined to the same memory location. The network provides a high-bandwidth path from the PEs to MMs, but the memory latency is significantly larger than that encountered in either a uniprocessor or small bus-based multiprocessor. The PE must utilize the high available bandwidth and minimize the effect of network latency. The authors present a design of a 64-PE ultracomputer prototype using AMD AM29000 CPUs, including a description of system packaging using a backplane-free technology. The prototype is expected to be operational in 1990. >
Health-Care Interventions with Games: A low-cost, high-impact approach.

The increasing acceptance of the efficacy and validity of applied games, and specifically games for health, has fostered the growth of new ideas and applications. Engineers and game developers are working on a range of products that integrate new electronics that can detect physiological states with game or game-like interfaces. These devices can record and transmit physical and behavioral data as well as motivate participants to modify behavior in prosocial and prohealth ways. The U.S. and European Games for Health conferences, now held annually, are a testament to the increasing specialization in this area. Participants at the 2014 IEEE Games, Entertainment, and Media (GEM) Conference in Toronto presented papers on several health-related topics, including using games to motivate patients to do rehabilitation, training physicians to perform difficult procedures, and improving continuing education practices for health-care professionals.
Large-Scale Solar Eruptions

This chapter provides an over view of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the associated flares including statistical properties, associated phenomena (solar energetic particles, interplanetary shocks, geomagnetic storms), and their heliospheric consequences.
A Report of Fecal Transplantation for Refractory Clostridium Difficile Colitis in an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipient

A 61 year old woman received an orthotopic liver transplant for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Two months after her transplant she developed diarrhea that was found to be caused by Clostridium Difficile. Her colitis was refractory to antibiotic therapy. Fecal transplantation was used via a nasojejunal route with immediate clinical improvement. She redeveloped symptoms and Clostridium toxin positivity weeks later after broad spectrum antibiotics were given for presumed pneumonia. This colitis was refractory to another round of antibiotics, and a second fecal transplant was performed with similarly positive results.
Gary Becker as Teacher

This paper looks at the work of Gary S. Becker, American economist, professor of sociology, friend, and colleague of Kevin M. Murphy. Murphy discusses the traditional approach of Becker's teaching and ideas as they were expressed through his wealth of content and style in course design; his discussions on the role of preferences, technology, and constraints as they influence household production; and his emphasis on the importance of markets and desire for more. Murphy recognizes Becker's teaching style as groundbreaking, unapologetic, and pure economics.
Heat Sterilization of Water in a Large Open Vessel

A safe, convenient, and economical method of preparing and dispensing a large volume of sterile water in a movable container is described. A caster-mounted, rectangular, 100-gal, stainless-steel water tank was fabricated. An audible, solid-state water-level alarm was developed for use with a detachable sensing probe that could be autoclaved. A filter system was constructed to allow the tank to be autoclaved as an open vessel. Thermocouples were mounted within the tank of water to study the time-temperature relationships of the water during the sterilization cycle. In a downward displacement autoclave with a hot jacket, 75 min were required for the water temperature to rise from 140 to 240 F (60 to 116 C). A total of 3 hr for heating and holding includes an adequate safety factor to insure the sterility of the water immediately after autoclaving. The long-term sterility of the water and the safety of the system were verified by using the water to maintain a germ-free animal colony.
Modelling Service Workflow Outcomes by Assessing the Underlying Message Flows

A major tenet of the service-oriented computing paradigm is the just-in-time approach to composing web services. While the majority of related research projects use nonfunctional evaluators to choose the best, cross-organizational composition scheme from many options, few projects leverage the real, domain-specific functional data. In this paper we describe a data-centric modelling approach that leverages the real operational data of any web service workflow. This model is a core aspect for the control of adaptive collaboration software that integrates web services that span distributed enterprises. Using Bayesian inference, we assess the message flow of long-running service workflows, and, in this paper, we introduce an operational model that represents the service workflow behavior. We believe that our operational model can be used for off-line or real-time adaptation of operational service workflows.
Growth, Inheritance, and Environment

Extract: Thirteen very poor Peruvian families have been followed for a number of years. Fifteen of their children were admitted to the hospital severely malnourished, with a mean height quotient (height age X 100/chronologic age) of 45, at a mean age of 10.6 months. At 3 years of age, mean height quotient was 60.9; at 7 years of age it was 68.9. Forty so-called healthy siblings had height quotients of 62.8 at 1 year, 65.3 at 3 years, and 73.2 at 7 years of age. From 3 to 7 years of age differences were no longer significant. Eighteen siblings were given an optimal diet in a protected environment from shortly after birth until 18–27 months of age. At 18 months of age their mean height quotient was 82.5. Those who remained in the protected environment had a quotient of 85.0 9 months later; those who returned home had a mean height quotient of 64.9 1 year later, no longer significantly different from the “malnourished” and “healthy” siblings. There was no difference in head circumference, at the same height, between the recovered malnourished and those whose nutrition was ideal during the first 18–27 months of life. The head circumference, at the same height, was less than the U.S. 50th percentile and more than the 3rd percentile, suggesting a different genetic constitution. Speculation: Adverse environmental influences affecting nutrition over the entire growth period are probably as important as inheritance in determining eventual stature of children. Catch-up growth, both in height and in head size, can go on for many years after a period of severe malnutrition. Head size, and presumably brain mass, may not be selectively affected by severe malnutrition in early life and may remain a function of body mass
A Theory of Enhanced Saturation of the Gravity Wave Spectrum Due to Increases in Atmospheric Stability

In this paper we consider a vertical wavenumber spectrum of vertically propagating gravity waves impinging on a rapid increase in atmospheric stability. If the high-wavenumber range is saturated below the increase, as is usually observed, then the compression of vertical scales as the waves enter a region of higher stability results in that range becoming supersaturated, that is, the spectral amplitude becomes larger than the saturation limit. The supersaturated wave energy must then dissipate in a vertical distance of the order of a wavelength, resulting in an enhanced turbulent energy dissipation rate. If the wave spectrum is azimuthally anisotropic, the dissipation also results in an enhanced vertical divergence of the vertical flux of horizontal momentum and enhanced wave drag in the same region. Estimates of the enhanced dissipation rates and radar reflectivities appear to be consistent with the enhancements observed near the high-latitude summer mesopause. Estimates of the enhanced mean flow acceleration appear to be consistent with the wave drag that is needed near the tropopause and the high-latitude summer mesopause in large-scale models of the atmosphere. Thus, this process may play a significant role in determining the global effects of gravity waves on the large-scale circulation.