cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization of human male autoantibodies on spermatozoa

Abstract Autoimmune sperm antibodies can cause male infertility by reducing motility and mucus-penetrating ability of spermatozoa. In this investigation, binding sites of these antibodies on seminal spermatozoa were localized using 125 I-labeled gamma globulin and direct as well as indirect radioautographic techniques. Autoantibody was found attached to middlepieces and tails, the degree of attachment dependent upon the antibody titer of the gamma globulin. This localization of autoimmune sperm antibodies to middlepiece and tail is consistent with the sperm-immobilizing and tail-to-tail agglutinating properties of these antibodies. Specific binding of autoantibody to heads could not be determined because both the goat anti-human IgG gamma globulin and the normal human isologous antibodies adhered to spermatozoal heads.
A developmental morphologist's perspective on plasticity

This series of essays addresses plasticity from the perspective of developmental morphology. The first essay deals with the problem of distinguishing between plasticity and other types of ontogenetic variation. In a temporally varying environment, morphological plasticity may be expressed as the production of a succession of different metamers. However, even in a constant environment, plant metamers can vary dramatically, a phenomenon known as heteroblasty. Because heteroblasty and plasticity can yield similar patterns of ontogenetic variation, the two are often confounded in analyses of developmental plasticity. The second essay discusses the integration of plant phenotypic responses and finds that the evidence for integration is equivocal. The third section shows that developmental properties can constrain the expression of morphological plasticity. Developmental lags and the ‘epiphenotype problem’ are particularly important features for analyses of the evolution and expression of plasticity. Finally, in answer to the question of strategies for studying plasticity, I emphasize the need for research at multiple levels and for the inclusion of a historical or phylogenetic perspective.
Activities in Planetary Geology for the Physical and Earth Sciences

A users guide for teaching activities in planetary geology, and for physical and earth sciences is presented. The following topics are discussed: cratering; aeolian processes; planetary atmospheres, in particular the Coriolis Effect and storm systems; photogeologic mapping of other planets, Moon provinces and stratigraphy, planets in stereo, land form mapping of Moon, Mercury and Mars, and geologic features of Mars.
Aeroelasticity in Turbomachines

The advent of the jet engine and the high performance axial-flow compressor toward the end of World War II focussed attention on certain aeroelastic problems in turbomachines.
Mild cognitive impairment and 10-year trajectories of disability in the Iowa Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly cohort.

Objectives: To apply diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to a geographically representative sample, to estimate the prevalence of MCI, and to estimate 10-year trajectories of incident disability for cognitively intact participants and subgroups with MCI. Design: Prospective cohort; 10 years of follow-up. Setting: Community-based survey of noninstitutionalized population aged 65 and or older in two rural Iowa counties (Washington and Iowa). Participants: Iowa Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (aged ≥65; N=3,673; 61.3% female; 99.9% white). Measurements: Age, sex, education, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), 20-item word recall, activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), chronic medical conditions. Results: MCI was prevalent in 24.7% of participants at baseline. Most participants in the overall cohort remained stable or changed slowly (≤1 new limitations) over 10 years (63.1% for SPMSQ, 89.3% for word recall, and 61.7% for ADL disability). For MCI/no prevalent IADL disability (Stage 1 MCI), disability progression was similar to that in the cognitively intact subgroup (median=0.08 vs 0.05 disabilities per year). For MCI plus prevalent IADL disability (Stage 2 MCI), the median rate of change was equivalent to that of the severely impaired (0.23 disabilities per year; interquartile range=0.12–0.36). Conclusion: Unlike participants with MCI who reported no IADL limitations, those with such limitations were more likely to develop ADL disability—a prerequisite for a diagnosis of dementia.
Crystal Structure of the Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a dsDNA, enveloped virus, is a ubiquitous pathogen that establishes lifelong latent infections and caused disease in persons with compromised immune systems, e.g., organ transplant recipients or AIDS patients. HCMV is also a leading cause of congenital viral infections in newborns. Entry of HCMV into cells requires the conserved glycoprotein B (gB), thought to function as a fusogen and reported to bind signaling receptors. gB also elicits a strong immune response in humans and induces the production of neutralizing antibodies although most anti-gB Abs are non-neutralizing. Here, we report the crystal structure of the HCMV gB ectodomain determined to 3.6-A resolution, which is the first atomic-level structure of any betaherpesvirus glycoprotein. The structure of HCMV gB resembles the postfusion structures of HSV-1 and EBV homologs, establishing it as a new member of the class III viral fusogens. Despite structural similarities, each gB has a unique domain arrangement, demonstrating structural plasticity of gB that may accommodate virus-specific functional requirements. The structure illustrates how extensive glycosylation of the gB ectodomain influences antibody recognition. Antigenic sites that elicit neutralizing antibodies are more heavily glycosylated than those that elicit non-neutralizing antibodies, which suggest that HCMV gB uses glycans to shield neutralizing epitopes while exposing non-neutralizing epitopes. This glycosylation pattern may have evolved to direct the immune response towards generation of non-neutralizing antibodies thus helping HCMV to avoid clearance. HCMV gB structure provides a starting point for elucidation of its antigenic and immunogenic properties and aid in the design of recombinant vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies.
A technique for correction of carotid kinks and coils following endarterectomy.

This study presents a technique to correct kinking or coiling of the internal carotid artery using patch angioplasty following endarterectomy, resection, and anastomoses of the vessel. Since 1984, 579 carotid endarterectomies have been performed with 19 patients (3.3%) having arteriosclerotic carotid bulb and internal carotid artery disease associated with a carotid kink or coil. These have been treated successfully using the technique of resection and patch angioplasty. The indications for surgery included seven patients with transient ischemic attacks (36.8%); seven patients who had suffered a cerebrovascular accident (36.8%); amaurosis fugax in two patients (10.5%); and one patient each with Hollenhorst plaque (5.3%), central retinal artery occlusion (5.3%), and an asymptomatic critical stenosis (5.3%). All patients had successful repair of the vessel using saphenous vein or Dacron patch angioplasty. There were no perioperative strokes or deaths. Follow-up ranged from four months to 58 months (mean 25 months). All vessels are patent with no evidence of stenosis. One patient had an ipsilateral cerebrovascular accident but had no evidence of recurrent carotid disease. Surgical correction of the carotid kink or coil can present a difficult surgical problem, and resection, fixation, or transposition can be complicated. The technique of endarterectomy, resection of the redundant vessel with anastomosis of the back wail, and patch angioplasty has been used effectively and safely in this series of patients.
One- and two-dimensional CdII coordination polymers incorporating organophosphinate ligands

Reaction of cadmium nitrate with di­phenyl­phosphinic acid in di­methyl­formamide solvent yielded the one-dimensional coordination polymer catena-poly[[bis­(di­methyl­formamide-κO)cadmium(II)]-bis­(μ-di­phenyl­phosphinato-κ2O:O′)], [Cd(C12H10O2P)2(C3H7NO)2]n, (I). Addition of 4,4′-bi­pyridine to the synthesis afforded a two-dimensional extended structure, poly[[­(μ-4,4′-bi­pyridine-κ2N:N′)bis­(μ-di­phenyl­phos­phinato-κ2O:O′)cadmium(II)] di­methyl­formamide monosolvate], {[Cd(C12H10O2P)2(C10H8N2)]·C3H7NO}n, (II). In (II), the 4,4′-bi­pyridine mol­ecules link the CdII centers in the crystallographic a direction, while the phosphinate ligands link the CdII centers in the crystallographic b direction to complete a two-dimensional sheet structure. Consideration of additional π–π inter­actions of the phenyl rings in (II) produces a three-dimensional structure with channels that encapsulate di­methyl­formamide mol­ecules as solvent of crystallization. Both compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and FT–IR analysis.
Unified analysis of ducted turbomachinery noise

An approach for an analysis of ducted turbomachinery noise is developed by combining features of the analysis of fan stator noise reported by Hanson (1973) with results obtained by Zorumski (1974). Hanson's analysis is briefly examined and a formula is derived for the far-field pressure due to a dipole pulse. Questions of transmission and reflection are discussed and attention is given to the radiation from ducted dipoles.
Clinical Trainees' Knowledge and Beliefs about 12-Step Mutual-Help Organizations: Implications for Training and Future Practice

Generalist mental health practitioners are likely to encounter patients with substance use disorders, indicating community-based, 12-Step mutual-help organizations (MHOs) can be a valuable referral source for these clinicians. Little is known, however, about how generalist practitioners and trainees understand these organizations. Results of a survey among 316 clinical trainees showed that knowledge levels were below a competency benchmark. While views were positive overall, empirically-inconsistent beliefs were also common. Beliefs and attitudes accounted for approximately one half of the variance in professional intentions (e.g., appropriate referral). The study highlighted knowledge gaps, though trainees appeared open to learning more about 12-Step MHOs. Thus systematic development and evaluation of clinical training in the area may be warranted.
Interstate variation in teacher salaries

Abstract Comparisons of public school teachers' salaries across states are frequently used by the media, teacher organizations, and others to judge how well the teachers in a particular state are paid. These comparisons and the rankings they engender typically do not control for economic factors which could cause salaries to vary across states. In this paper we examine to what degree variation in average teacher salaries is caused by differences across states in the cost of living, the personal characteristics of teachers, the characteristics of teachers' jobs, and the demand for education. We use our results to adjust the average salaries and we compute new state rankings based on these adjusted salaries. For some states the rank based on our adjusted salaries is significantly different from the rank based upon unadjusted salaries. [ JEL I21, J45]
Transvenous extrahepatic portacaval shunt with use of a modified prototype stent-graft: experimental study in animals.

PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and short-term patency of an experimental transvenous extrahepatic portacaval shunt (TEPS) in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS With use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance, the main portal vein (PV) was accessed from the inferior vena cava in six pigs and a TEPS was created with use of a prototype flanged stent-graft. Partial PV embolization was then performed to increase the post-TEPS PV pressure. Baseline and postprocedural hemoglobin and hematocrit measurements were obtained and liver function studies were conducted. Immediate postprocedural computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was used to identify procedural complications. Follow-up venography was performed at 2, 4, and 12 weeks to assess short-term patency. Necropsy was performed at 3 months. RESULTS IVUS-guided PV access was accomplished with a mean of two punctures per animal (range, 1–4). TEPS creation was successful in five of six animals. One animal was killed immediately after unsuccessful shunt creation after stent-graft misdeployment and hemorrhage. A second animal required the insertion of a conventional stent coaxially because portions of the leading arms were inadvertently deployed in the portacaval space and the initial flow through the shunt was venographically suboptimal. CT images obtained after successful TEPS creation ( n = 5) revealed no evidence of hemoperitoneum, and there was no decrease in hemoglobin or hematocrit levels from baseline values. All five TEPSs were widely patent at 2-week and 4-week venography with only mild pseudointimal hyperplasia ( CONCLUSION Early results with TEPS with use of a modified prototype flanged stent-graft are promising as a potentially safe alternative means of portal decompression. Additional refinements of the stent-graft delivery process are needed to improve the accuracy of deployment.
E-1020, A WATER SOLUBLE IMIDAZOPYRIDINE, HAS DIRECT EFFECTS ON CA2+-DEPENDENT FORCE AND ATP HYDROLYSIS OF CANINE AND BOVINE CARDIAC MYOFILAMENTS

E-1020 is a cardiotonic agent that acts as a cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor but also may have actions which alter myofilament response to Ca2+. To identify direct actions of E-1020 on cardiac contractile proteins, effects of E-1020 on myofibrillar Ca2+ dependent MgATPase and force generation in chemically skinned fiber bundles were measured. In bovine cardiac myofibrils, E-1020 (100 μM) significantly increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity at submaximal pCa values. At pCa 6.75, E-1020 significantly increased ATPase activity in bovine (10–100 μM) and canine (1–100 μM) cardiac myofibrils but had no effect on rat cardiac myofibrils. Moreover, in one population of canine ventricular fiber bundles, E-1020 (0.01–10 μM) significantly increased isometric tension at pCa 6.5 and 6.0, whereas in another population of bundles E-1020 had no effect on tension. In no case was resting (pCa 8.0) or maximal tension (pCa 4.5) increased by E-1020. Measurements of Ca2+ binding to canine ventricular skinned fiber preparations demonstrated that E-1020 does not alter the affinity of myofilament troponin C for Ca2+. We conclude that part of the mechanism by which E-1020 acts as an inotropic agent may involve alterations in the responsiveness of contractile proteins to Ca2+. The lack of effect of E-1020 on some preparations may be dependent on isoform populations of myofilament proteins. (Mol Cell Biochem 160/161:33–39, 1996)
Nucleotide sequence of the region between the 18S rRNA sequence and the 28S rRNA sequence of rat ribosomal DNA

The DNA sequence of the intragenic region of the rat 45S ribosomal RNA precursor was determined. This sequence contains 2282 nucleotides and extends from the conserved EcoR I site near the 3' terminus of 18S rRNA to 69 nucleotides downstream of the 5' terminus of 28S rRNA. The sequences corresponding to 18S and 5.8S rRNA were identified by comparison with previously published data. The 5' terminus of rat 28S rRNA was identified by S1 nuclease protection and reverse transcriptase elongation assays. The internal transcribed spacers were found to be 1066 and 765 nucleotides long and had little homology with those of Xenopus and yeast. Regions of sequence homology between rat and Xenopus were found at the junctions of the internal transcribed spacers with 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA. These homologies suggest that these sequences may function as recognition sites for the processing of the ribosomal precursor RNA.
The red blood cell as an oxygen sensor: what is the evidence?

The matching of oxygen supply with demand requires the existence of a mechanism within the tissue capable of both sensing tissue oxygen need and inducing alterations in vascular perfusion necessary to meet that need. Historically, localized sites within the tissue and the vessels themselves have been investigated with the sensor site failing to be determined. Within the last decade, studies have focused on the red blood cell, the efficient carrier of oxygen, as a possible candidate. The red blood cell is clearly capable of sensing oxygen levels, as its extent of haemoglobin desaturation (decrease in oxygen content) is intimately tied with tissue oxygen demand. In addition, numerous studies have indicated that the red blood cell is capable of releasing increased amounts of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) as oxygen content falls and its haemoglobin becomes desaturated. Within the vasculature, intraluminal ATP has been shown to induce a vasodilator response which is conducted along the vessels resulting in augmentation of tissue perfusion. While details of the red blood cell’s role are still under investigation, evidence presented here supports the intriguing idea that the mobile red blood cell may itself be able to augment blood flow and oxygen delivery wherever and whenever the need might arise. Such a mechanism eliminates the requirement for a diverse network of sensing sites throughout the vasculature and should provide a more efficient means of appropriately matching oxygen supply with demand.
Frameworks for Modeling and Inversion

Inversion combines modelling with optimisation, two computational domains with quite different concepts and requirements. I suggest a few simple principles that help to organize software for these two types of tasks into linked frameworks. Code libraries based on these principles minimize the work involved in construction of modelling and inversion applications, and maximize the reliability of the end product. This paper presents example libraries constructed by the author’s research group, the principles on which they are based, and some examples of their use.
Control variable methods in the simulation of a model of a multiprogrammed computer system

One approach to the evaluation of the performance of multiprogranmed computer systems includes the development of Monte Carlo simulations of transitions of programs within such systems, and their strengthening by control variable and concomitant variable methods. An application of such a combination of analytical, numerical, and Monte Carlo approaches to a model of system overhead in a paging machine is presented.
Preservation of Living Cells at −79°C with Dimethyl Sulfoxide.∗

SummaryA simple and reliable technique for preservation of HeLa and Fl-amnion cells at −79°C with DMSO has been developed in our laboratory. The optimum concentration of DMSO is from 5% to 10%; using this concentration we have been able to preserve HeLa and Fl-amnion cells at −79°C for as long as 15 months. Large concentrations of cells as high as 10,000,000 per ml can be stored per vial. Studies of the toxicity of DMSO on tissue culture cells demonstrated that either prolonged exposure to low concentrations or shorter exposure to high concentrations of DMSO, at 37°C or 4°C are toxic to the cells.
Evaluation of OCT for quantitative in-vivo measurements of changes in neural tissue scattering in longitudinal studies of retinal degeneration in mice

Optical coherence tomography is an imaging modality that is broadly used in ophthalmic diagnostics. The current generation of OCT systems enables reliable acquisition of volumetric scans containing information about the thicknesses of the various retinal layers. Thus, monitoring layer thickness changes is the main quantitative analysis performed by commercial instruments. In principle, measurements of the OCT signal intensity could also provide information on the health status of the retinal tissue. Unfortunately quantitative measurements and interpretation of scattering changes in retinal OCT is very limited due to variation in overall brightness of the OCT B-scans between imaging sessions. These changes might be caused by variation in alignment or focusing, as well as variation in the quality of the eye’s optics (changes in the tear film, dilation of pupil etc.). Therefore, quantitative analysis of layer intensity requires careful normalization to minimize the effects of such variables. In this manuscript we demonstrate that changes in OCT signal intensity occur in a mouse model of light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Normalization and quantification of light scattering changes in human patients could likewise lead to improved understanding of clinical OCT data.
P(ϕ)2 models with variable coefficients

Abstract We study P (ϕ)2 models with variable coefficients on the nonlinear terms, for example, (□ + m2)ϕ + ϱϕ3 = 0. Here p is a function on spacetime usually of the form p = p0 + p1 with p0 a positive constant and p1 small and localized. For such models we construct solutions which satisfy the CCR, have a causal dependence on p, and commute at spacelike separation. Asymptotic states and S-matrix elements are constructed when p0 is also small. Finally, we study P (ϕ)2 models on curved spacetime, for example, (gmvτm▿v + m2)ϕ + λϕ3 = 0, and indicate a construction of local solutions.
Ultraviolet Photoionization Cross Sections for N 2 and CO

I have calculated ultraviolet photoionization cross sections for ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and CO in the gas phase and the differential cross sections for oriented molecules. The gas-phase results agree well with recent data and display shape resonances, predicted by Dehmer and Dill, about 1 Ry above threshold for certain levels. For oriented molecules I find distinctive angular distributions which could be used to identify levels or determine the bond geometry of molecules adsorbed at surfaces.
Impurity Seeding with Dust Injection in Tokamak Edge Plasmas

Impurity seeding of tokamak edge plasmas in the form of dust is modeled using the recently coupled DUSTT/UEDGE code. The effects on edge plasma performance due to lithium and carbon dust continuously injected at different poloidal locations in NSTX and ITER are modeled. Modeling demonstrates that dust injection into the edge plasma with rates of the order of several 10 mg · s–1 for NSTX and 1 g · s–1 for ITER can significantly increase radiation power losses leading to substantial reduction of the divertor heat load. The impact of different rates of dust injection on plasma operation and stability is discussed. The simulated edge plasma performance with injected dust is compared with the case of injection of an equivalent amount of dust material in the form of atomic vapor. It is shown that injection of dust in ITER can lead to better assimilation of impurities in the divertor plasma as compared to neutral gas injection (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Adaptive Meshless Method for Analyzing Large Mechanical Deformation and Contacts

Design for manufacturing of equipment (that handles deformable objects) and disposable medical devices (such as medical needles, optic fibers, and catheters for inserting into the human body) involves solving mechanical contact problems. Unlike rigid component manufacturing, which has been relatively well established, the handling of deformable bodies remains a challenging research. This paper offers an adaptive meshless method (MLM) for solving mechanical contact problems, which automatically insert additional nodes into large error regions identified in terms of mechanical stresses. This adaptive MLM employs a sliding line algorithm with penalty method to handle contact constraints. The method does not rely on small displacement assumptions; thus, it can solve nonlinear contact problems with large deformation. We validate the method by comparing results against those computed by using a commercial FEM software and analytical solution for two different situations, namely, large deformation and contact. Four practical applications are illustrated: large deflection of a compliant finger, mechanical contact, snap-fit assembly, and surgical needle insertion.
Pollen dispersal models in Quaternary plant ecology: Assumptions, parameters, and prescriptions

Models of atmospheric dispersal of anemophilous pollen are important tools in Quaternary plant ecology for determining pollen-source areas and for applying distance-weightings to vegetation data in formal pollen-vegetation calibrations. The most widely applied model is Prentice’s model, which uses a modified form of Sutton’s equation for atmospheric diffusion to predict pollen-source areas from size of the depositional basin and a set of depositional parameters (deposition velocity of the pollen grains and mean wind speed) and atmospheric parameters (turbulence parameter, vertical diffusion coefficient). We review the physical theory underlying Sutton’s equation and Prentice’s model, explore the effects of different values of the depositional and atmospheric parameters on model predictions, and provide prescriptions for model application, parameter specification, and further research on pollen dispersal. Most applications of the models to pollen dispersal have assumed neutral atmospheric conditions. We argue that most pollen dispersal takes place in unstable atmospheric conditions, and prescribe appropriate values for the atmospheric parameters for unstable conditions. Our simulations using these parameters indicate more widespread pollen dispersal from a source than under neutral conditions. We review available data sets for sedimentation velocity of pollen grains, and compare the measured estimates with sedimentation velocities predicted from Stokes’s Law to assess validity of the data. Substantial variability exists among data sets, but several are suitable for application to pollen-dispersal models. Finally, we discuss aspects of release, dispersal, and deposition of anemophilous pollen that are in need of further theoretical and empirical study. Such studies will contribute not only to Quaternary plant ecology but also to understanding of pollination biology, population genetics, and functional morphology of pollen grains and pollen-bearing organs.
Infection Control in Intravenous Therapy.

Abstract The intravenous infusion has become indispensable in modern medical therapy, but infection, especially infusion-associated septicemia, remains a life-threatening hazard. In 1970 to 1971 a ...
The biology of deception: The evolution of cognitive coping as a denial-like process

We speculate that the development of cognitive processes provided such endowed animals with an additional coping strategy in dealing with stress. This ability depends on a unifying consciousness appearing to control or regulate the many individual processes that potentially summate to make up the mind. Without this unifying component, the significance and uniqueness of this coping strategy would be lost. The cognitive mind would also have to develop, of course by chance, a strong bias to believe in a highly organized world, since this is what would have survival value within one lifetime. This sense of unity as a coping strategy is really a deception or illusion, in that it imposes perceived order. Thus, the biology of deception has been an important development leading to man as a cognitive creative being. Our premise here extends this notion and suggests that denial-like processes are at the core of the cognitive coping mechanisms we have evolved as humans.
Analysis of proton NMR spectra of 1-phospha-2,6-dioxacyclohexanes

Abstract The methods and results of analysis of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are presented for three 1-R-4,4-dimethyl-l-phospha-2,6-dioxacyclohexanes (R  Cl, OC(CH3)3, and C6H5); 3, 9-dimethoxy-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3, 9-diphosphaspiro [5.5] undecane; cis- and trans-1-methoxy-cis-3,5-dimethyl-l-phospha-2,6-dioxacyclohexane; and twenty-one 1-R-1-oxo-4-R′-4-R″-1-phospha-2,6-dioxacyclohexanes. Many of the last group of compounds were examined at more than one temperature or concentration or in more than one solvent.
Military Geology in War and Peace, GSA Reviews in Engineering, Vol. XIII

Military Geology in War and Peace is the published version of a military geology symposium held during the 1994 annual meeting of the Geological Society of America in Seattle. The book consists of a foreword by Frank Whitmore and 25 chapters by American and British specialists in this field. The volume is a rather broadly based collection of case histories from previous and ongoing military operations, including information on data collection and management, dissemination of geologic products to troops in the field, and views on the effectiveness of the integration of geology and Earth science data within the military.
EFFECTS OF FOOD ANTIOXIDANTS ON PROSTAGLANDIN BIOSYNTHESIS

This study was designed to determine the influence of t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid on the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandin biosynthesis was monitored by determining the conversion of 14C-dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and 3 H-arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), respectively, by the microsomal fraction of bovine seminal vesicles incubated under optimal conditions. The microsomal fraction converted in high yield, all-cis 8,11,14 eicosatrienoic acid (dihomogamma linolenic acid) to PGE1 and all-cis 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid) to PGE2 and in low yield, to prostaglandin F1α and F1α (PGF1α and PGF2β), respectively. Concentrations of 6.70 μM of BHA, 5.49 μM of TBHQ, and 100.6 μM of BHT resulted in a 50% inhibition of PGE1 biosynthesis, while concentrations of 3.08 μM of BHA, 6.07 μM of TBHO. and 93.0 μM of BHT resulted in a 50% inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis in the’ systems used. 434.0 μM of ascorbic acid resulted in a 23% inhibition of PGE1 and a 43% inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis. These results confirm that extremely low concentrations of food anti-oxidants can interfere with prostaglandin biosynthesis.
The Effect of Dietary Manipulations of Energy, Protein, and Fat During the Growing and Laying Periods on Early Egg Weight and Egg Components

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy, protein, and fat during the latter parts of the growing period and the early parts of the laying cycle on early egg weight and egg components. In Experiment 1, pullets were fed diets containing two levels of energy (2,816 and 3,036 kcal ME/kg), two levels of protein (14 and 18%), and two levels of fat (0 and 4%) in factorial arrangement from 14 to 18 wk of age. From 18 to 34 wk of age, pullets from all of the growing regimens were fed a 16.5% protein diet. In Experiment 2 (18 to 34 wk of age), six diets were used. The energy, supplemental fat, and protein content of the diets were: T1:2,816 kcal/kg, 0%, 17%; T2:2,816 kcal/kg, 0%, 21%; T3:2,816 kcal/kg, 4%, 17%; T4:2,816 kcal/kg, 4%, 21%; T5:3,036 kcal/kg, 4%, 17%; and T6:3,036 kcal/kg, 4%, and 21%. The data were analyzed factorially with energy constant and fat and protein variable (T1 to T4) and with fat constant and energy and protein variable (T3 to T6). In Experiment 1, 18-wk body weight increased slightly (P < .05) due to increasing the energy or adding fat to the diets, whereas egg weight during the early stages of egg production was increased modestly (P < .05) only due to increasing the energy level. In Experiment 2, when energy was constant, egg weight was increased due to increasing the protein level or adding fat to the diets (P < .05). When fat was constant, egg weight was increased only due to increasing the protein level (P < .05). The increased egg weight under these conditions was due mainly to increasing the albumen weight. The results indicated that egg weight during the early stages of the egg production cycle can be increased due to increasing the protein level from 17 to 21% or by adding 4% fat to the conventional layer diets, and that the beneficial effect of fat on egg weight is independent from its energy effect.
Semiclassical Approximation for the Nonrelativistic Coulomb Propagator

An approximation to the Coulomb propagator, correct to first order in $\ensuremath{\hbar}$, is derived. This function has the structure $K=F(\ensuremath{\lambda},\ensuremath{\mu},\ensuremath{\nu})\mathrm{exp}[iS(\ensuremath{\lambda},\ensuremath{\mu},\ensuremath{\nu})]$, in terms of auxiliary variables $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, $\ensuremath{\mu}$, $\ensuremath{\nu}$ introduced in the solution of the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equation.
Trends and variations in utilization of nephron-sparing procedures for stage I kidney cancer in the United States

Purpose The incidental detection of early-stage kidney tumors is increasing in the United States. Nephron-sparing approaches (NS) to managing these tumors are equivalent to radical nephrectomy (RN) in oncologic outcomes and have a decreased impact on renal function. Our objective was to evaluate trends in the use of NS over the past decade and the socioeconomic factors associated with its use.
Solution Influence on Biomolecular Equilibria: Nucleic Acid Base Associations

Various attempts to construct an understanding of the influence of solution environment on biomolecular equilibria at the molecular level using computer simulation are discussed. First, the application of the formal statistical thermodynamic program for investigating biomolecular equilibria in solution is presented, addressing modeling and conceptual simplications such as perturbative methods, long-range interaction approximations, surface thermodynamics, and hydration shell. Then, Monte Carlo calculations on the associations of nucleic acid bases in both polar and nonpolar solvents such as water and carbon tetrachloride are carried out. The solvent contribution to the enthalpy of base association is positive (destabilizing) in both polar and nonpolar solvents while negative enthalpies for stacked complexes are obtained only when the solute-solute in vacuo energy is added to the total energy. The release upon association of solvent molecules from the first hydration layer around a solute to the bulk is accompanied by an increase in solute-solvent energy and decrease in solvent-solvent energy. The techniques presented are expectd to displace less molecular and more heuristic modeling of biomolecular equilibria in solution.
Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with Werner's syndrome.

Werner’s syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder that is characterized by premature aging. We report a case of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) in a 56-year-old man with Werner’s syndrome. We used an endoscopic vessel-harvesting system to harvest great saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) because this system helps minimize surgical wounds. This is important because poor wound healing is a prominent feature of Werner’s syndrome. Revascularization of the coronary arteries in this case was thought to improve his prognosis, although he had already outlived the average life-span of Werner’s syndrome. A detailed examination of the cardiovascular system should be performed in patients with this disorder.
Momentum flux in breaking waves

Wave breaking is believed to be important in air–sea interaction. Laboratory measurements1 suggest that the momentum flux from the atmosphere to the ocean may be significantly enhanced by breaking and recent field measurements2–4 have demonstrated the important role of breaking in bubble generation and gas transfer. It has long been speculated that the loss of momentum flux from the wave field due to breaking could act as a source of momentum for current generation5 and Mitsuyasu6 has drawn attention to the large discrepancy between the momentum flux from the wind and that carried by the waves, suggesting that the loss may be due to wave breaking. Here we present what we believe are the first well-controlled laboratory measurements of the momentum flux lost by wave breaking. These measurements are consistent with Mitsuyasu's hypothesis and recent measurements of wave growth, and support the conclusion that wave breaking plays an important role in momentum transfer across the air–sea interface.
Godwinian Moments: From the Enlightenment to Romanticism

Godwinian Moments: From the Enlightenment to Romanticism Robert M. Maniquis and Victoria Myers University of Toronto Press, 2011 Xii + 298. ISBN 978-1-4426-4243-0 This is a very fine collection of ...
Effects of recombination on trap-limited dispersive transport

Abstract The effects of monomolecular and bimolecular recombination on dispersive transport for a system with an exponential distribution of traps have been simulated using a Monte Carlo technique. Both the concentration of photo-excited carriers and the photocurrent fall off similarly for the two recombination modes, although the overall decay is somewhat slower for the bimolecular process. In each mode, the carrier concentration exhibits a power-law decay at long times, with the exponent proportional to the absolute temperature. We conclude that transient photoconductivity and photo-induced absorption measurements cannot determine the predominant recombination kinetics without a study of the dependence of the results on the incident light intensity. Furthermore, if the recombination mode is unknown, the conventional approach can give an erroneous result for the extent of the trap distribution.
Roberta Lamb, On the Way

I came to know of Roberta and her work through the late Rob Kling (her advisor), who in the mid 1990s pointed me to some of Roberta's work. I liked the focus of Roberta's work and how she went abou...
Delayed escape from light by the albino rat.

Two albino rats were trained to terminate an aversive light for 1 min by pressing a bar. After 19 hr of conditioning they were exposed to successive delays of 1, 2, 5, and 10 sec imposed between occurrence of the escape response and light termination. No stimulus change accompanied the delay interval, and any additional responses made at this time reset the delay timer. For both rats the relative frequency of escape responses with very long latencies increased as the delay interval increased. The modal escape latency, however, remained essentially unchanged for all delay values of greater than 1 sec. “Superstitious” responding was observed during the delay interval.
Error estimates for the semidiscrete Galerkin approximations of the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations

L^2 error estimates are obtained for the semidiscrete approximation of the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations with nonsmooth initial data. The equations consist of a nonlinear parabolic equation coupled with an ordinary differential equation. Smoothing due to the parabolic equation is used to show increased accuracy for the approximation for positive time.
A novel quantitative proteomics reagent based on soluble nanopolymers

Bi-functionalized dendrimers leads to highly efficient quantitative proteomics and the determination of protease activities in snake venoms.
Correlation of Cytologic and Histologic Findings in Fibrosing Thyroiditis

BACKGROUND: Fibrous thyroiditis is the rarest form of thyroiditis. Consequently, needle aspiration biopsy experience is limited. Aspirates generally yield paucicellular smears with, at the most, only occasional, small fragments of connective tissue. CASE: A 35-year-old man presented with a firm right thyroid mass. Aspiration yielded cellular smears with round and irregularly shaped, cellular aggregates. Coarse cytoplasmic granules and intranuclear inclusions were also noted. The lesion was surgically excised, and pathologic examination was consistent with fibrous thyroiditis. CONCLUSION: As confirmed by histopathologic examination, the aspirated atypical cellular aggregates represented thyroid follicular units that were distorted by entrapment within fibrous tissue. Fibrosing thyroiditis may yield an atypical smear pattern.
Demographic factors affecting assertive and defensive behavior in preschool children: An ethological study

Observations were made of naturally occurring assertive and defensive behaviors among preschool children, using ethological methods. Four major classes of assertive behavior were studied: attempts to gain possession of objects, personal space intrusion, positive directives, and negative directives; in addition, behavior with aggressive characteristics was studied. The effects of the following demographic factors upon individual frequencies of assertive interaction initiation, probability of defense (to assertive initiations), and frequencies of aggressive behavior were examined: age, sex, birth order, sib group size, ethnic identity, number of parents in the home, father's occupational level, father's education, mother's employment (yes/no), mother's occupational level, mother's education. Results of the multiple regression analyses indicated the most widespread effects for ethnic identity, number of parents in home, age, and sex. The most assertive children tended to be nonwhite/black, older, male, and from single-parent homes. These results were fairly consistent across all classes of assertive behavior studied. There were only minor effects of social class on assertive behaviors, and the demographic characteristics of the sample indicated that the ethnic differences existed independent of social class. Limitations in interpreting the behaviors studied as indicating an underlying aggressive motivation are discussed.
Ṣūfī tafsīr Reconsidered: Exploring the Development of a Genre

Ṣūfī tafsīr on the Qur'an is widely accepted as a distinct scholarly or literary genre within the wider field of Islamic scholarship. Ṣūfī writers frequently describe themselves as participating within an identifiable tradition when they write commentaries on the Qur'an, and over the last century a number of scholars – writing from within the Muslim tradition and without – not only have accepted the notion of a millennium-long genre of Ṣūfī tafsīr, but also have sought to define and catalogue it. This paper explores and challenges such assumptions through a direct examination of examples of premodern Ṣūfī tafsīr literature, looking beyond the assumption that the Ṣūfī belief in multiple levels of meaning and existence necessarily impart an esoteric meaning to all writing on the Qur'an by Ṣūfīs. My purpose is to question the efficacy of thinking of Ṣūfī tafsīr as a genre, sui generis, by analysing the modern academic tradition of categorising Ṣūfī commentaries on the Qur'an in the light of writings by promi...
Complications of tracheal intubation

Summary Tracheal intubation is one of the main reasons surgery and anesthesia have developed to where it is today. However, physiological and mechanical complications with the procedure do occur some in spite of our best efforts. Understanding and recognizing the complications associated with tracheal intubation can help physicians better care for patients requiring this procedure for surgery or mechanical ventilation.
Antigen-specific molecules from murine T lymphocytes and T cell hybridomas☆

Strain A/J mice immunized with azobenzenearsonate-isologous IgG conjugates made strong antigen-specific suppressor T cell responses. The ABA-specific T cells‡ were enriched by affinity purification and an average of 59% of such cells expressed the major idiotype (CRI) associated with anti-ABA specificity in A/J mice. The cellular proteins of affinity enriched, ABA-specific T cells were biosynthetically radiolabelled and ABA-binding molecules from cell lysates were purified by affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis of T cell-derived ABA-binding molecules revealed a major, invariant component with an apparent mol. wt of about 92,000 daltons (p92). This protein is susceptible to proteolytic degradation as its recovery from cell lysates required the presence of protease inhibitors. Serological analyses of p92 failed to reveal classical immunoglobulin heavy or light chain determinants or Ia markers. Evidence is presented that this class of molecules possesses suppressor regulatory activity, probably in conjunction with a noncovalently associated smaller polypeptide chain. Affinity-enriched ABA-specific suppressor T cells were hybridized with the AKR tumor line BW 5147. Ten hydridomas were obtained which formed rosettes with ABA-SRBC. Rosette formation was inhibitable with soluble ABA-protein conjugates. Three of the lines stained for the CRI in an immunofluorescence assay. Culture supernatants from these lines were tested for modulation of an in vitro primary anti-ABA response and exerted a strong antigen-specific suppressor activity. Thus, hybridoma cell lines have been obtained which express an ABA-specific receptor and secrete antigen-specific regulatory factors. They therefore offer great promise as sources of sufficient material for chemical characterization of antigen specific T cell molecules.
NMR structure of the mengovirus Leader protein zinc-finger domain.

The Leader protein is a defining feature of picornaviruses from the Cardiovirus genus. This protein was recently shown to inhibit cellular nucleocytoplasmic transport through an activity mapped to its zinc-binding region. Here we report the three-dimensional solution structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of this domain (residues 5–28) from mengovirus. The domain forms a CHCC zinc-finger with a fold comprising a β-hairpin followed by a short α-helix that can adopt two different conformations. This structure is divergent from those of other eukaryotic zinc-fingers and instead resembles motifs found in a group of DNA-binding proteins from Archaea.
Proximity electron tunneling spectroscopy. IV. Electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity of tantalum

An extensive superconducting electron tunneling study of Ta using both a proximity method and an optimized conventional spectroscopy, is reported. The results for Ta confirm the electron-phonon origin of superconductivity in this element, and provide slightly improved superconducting parameters: lambda = 0.73 and ..mu..ph = 0.11. The results from the PET and optimized conventional methods are in substantial agreement, although the proximity method appears to provide somewhat better resolution of structure in the Eliashberg function ..cap alpha../sup 2/F(E).
Laser photoassociation of Xe and Br(2P3/2) atoms and generation of aligned XeBr(B) molecules

Abstract The laser-induced photoassociation of colliding pairs of Xe and Br( 2 P 3/2 ) atoms has been demonstrated by observing the XeBr(B→A) fluorescence following the XeBr(B→X) laser-induced excitation. Analysis of the B←X excitation spectrum shows that the excitation transition is almost entirely bound — free in nature. The fluore scence and excitation XeBr* spectra are used to discuss the XeBr (X, B and A) potentials. Analysis of the polarization of the XeBr(B-X) fluorescence shows that the XeBr(B) molecules are generated with a high degree of alignment relative to the plane-polarized laser beam. The pressure dependence of the decay rate of the total intensity and of the polarization give radiation lifetimes, quenching rate constants and an estimate for the de-alignment cross section in collisions with Xe.
Characterization of Cherry leafroll virus in Sweet Cherry in Washington State

A visual survey in 1998 of a commercial block of 594 sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium) in Yakima County, WA, revealed three trees of cv. Bing growing on Mazzard rootstock that exhibited a progressive decline characterized by a premature drop of yellowed leaves prior to fruit maturity and small, late ripening cherries that were unsuitable for the fresh market. Many young branches of these trees died during the winter, resulting in a sparse, open canopy depleted of fruiting shoots. The budded variety of a fourth tree had died, allowing the F12/1 rootstock to grow leaves that showed intense line patterns. Prunus necrotic ringspot virus or Prune dwarf virus are common ilarviruses of cherry trees but were only detected by ELISA (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) in two of the Bing trees. A virus was readily transmitted mechanically from young leaves of each of the two ilarvirus-negative trees to Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana occidentalis strain ‘37B’, which within 5 days, developed systemic mottle and necrotic flecking, ...