cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a Composite Structure of Three-dimensional Macroporous Silica and Carbon Nanofilaments

We explored the possibility of incorporating carbon nanotubes in a patterned and macroporous silica structure replicated from a thin polystyrene template. A V-shaped thin, vertical channel was constructed and successfully used to assemble 10.06-μm polystyrene spheres into a dense three-dimensionally ordered template of uniform thickness. Infiltration of a single Co/silica precursor sol into the template followed by thermal treatments in vacuum and H2 produced three-dimensionally ordered silica pores with embedded Co nanoparticles. Wormlike carbon nanofilaments of 50-120 nm in diameter were grown on the inner surface of silica pores with plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
Black Power in the Caribbean Context

strong class system, a general absence of industrial development, and above all, the presence of majority black populations mark the West Indies by contrast with the United States. Notwithstanding obvious resemblances, borrowings, and interchanges, racial subjugation, accommodation, and protest in the two realms reflect different types of oppression, different degrees of access to goals, and different divisions of race and color. The paradoxes of Caribbean racial conflict are soon apparent. More than a dozen major territories, formerly British, French, and Dutch colonies, are now independent, autonomous, or otherwise presumed equal and governed by elected representatives under universal adult suffrage. Ninety-five percent of their population is nonwhite; black or brown men head their governments and occupy
Pyridoxamine lowers oxalate excretion and kidney crystals in experimental hyperoxaluria: a potential therapy for primary hyperoxaluria

In order to prevent kidney stones and nephrolithiasis in hyperoxaluria, a new treatment that specifically reduces oxalate production and therefore urinary oxalate excretion would be extremely valuable. Pyridoxamine(PM) could react with the carbonyl intermediates of oxalate biosynthesis, glycolaldehyde and glyoxylate, and prevent their metabolism to oxalate. In PM treated rats, endogenous urinary oxalate levels were consistently lower and became statistically different from controls after 12 days of experiment. In ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria, PM treatment resulted in significantly lower (by ~50%) levels of urinary glycolate and oxalate excretion compared to untreated hyperoxaluric animals, as well as in a significant reduction in calcium oxalate crystal formation in papillary and medullary areas of the kidney. These results, coupled with favorable toxicity profiles of PM in humans, show promise for the therapeutic use of PM in primary hyperoxaluria and other kidney stone diseases.
A rigorous analysis of population stratification with limited data

Finding the genetic factors of complex diseases such as cancer, currently a major effort of the international community, will potentially lead to better treatment of these diseases. One of the major difficulties in these studies, is the fact that the genetic components of an individual not only depend on the disease, but also on its ethnicity. Therefore, it is crucial to find methods that could reduce the population structure effects on these studies. This can be formalized as a clustering problem, where the individuals are clustered according to their genetic information.Mathematically, we consider the problem of clustering bit "feature" vectors, where each vector represents the genetic information of an individual. Our model assumes that this bit vector is generated according to a prior probability distribution specified by the individual's membership in a population. We present methods that can cluster the vectors while attempting to optimize the number of features required. The focus of the paper is not on the algorithms, but on showing that optimizing certain objective functions on the data yields the right clustering, under the random generative model. In particular, we prove that some of the previous formulations for clustering are effective.We consider two different clustering approaches. The first approach forms a graph, and then clusters the data using a connected components algorithm, or a max cut algorithm. The second approach tries to estimate simultanously the feature frequencies in each of the populations, and the classification of vectors into populations. We show that using the first approach Θ(logN/γ2) data (i.e., total number of features times number of vectors) is sufficient to find the correct classification, where N is the number of vectors of each population, and γ is the average l22 distance between the feature probability vectors of the two populations. Using the second approach, we show that O(log N/α4) data is enough, where α is the average l1 distance between the populations.We also present polynomial time algorithms for the resulting max margin which, for now, needs only slightly more data than stated above. Our methods can also be used to give a simple combinatorial algorithm for finding a bisection in a random graph that matches Boppana's convex programming approach (and McSherry's spectral results).
Multiple-process origin of Valles Marineris basins and troughs, Mars

Abstract An improved sequence of formation for Valles Marineris depressions is proposed. It involves three key stages; (a) dike emplacement radial to Syria Planum during Late Noachian to Early Hesperian time; (b) localized subsidence of crustal rocks during post-Early Hesperian time, forming ancestral basins such as Hebes Chasma; and (c) regional normal faulting that overprints the ancestral basins and forms the structural troughs, such as Coprates Chasma, principally during Amazonian time. Attainment of high topography at Syria Planum, completed by the Early Hesperian, was accompanied and/or followed by extrusion of ridged plains lavas, emplacement of subsurface dikes, and wrinkle-ridge deformation. The high topography contributed to a substantial hydrostatic head, leading to subsurface volume reduction, vertical displacement of crustal strata to from chaotic terrain and ancestral basins, and localized outbreaks of fluid as outflow channels. The dikes contributed a pervasive structural influence on the orientations of later nearsurface processes. Sometime after infilling of ancestral basins with their interior layered deposits, normal faults related to Tharsis centered stresses were superimposed on the relict high topography, ancestral basins, and dike network, forming large grabens. Recognition of the polygenetic origin of troughs such as Melas Chasma, and the disparate origins of irregular and rectangular troughs, provides the key to unraveling the conflicting accounts of trough origin and timing.
Influence of food quality and quantity on the growth and development of Crassostrea gigas larvae: a modeling approach

Abstract A biochemically based model was developed to simulate the growth, development and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas . The model is unique in that it (1) defines larvae in terms of their protein, neutral lipid, polar lipid, carbohydrate and ash content; (2) tracks weight separately from length to follow larval condition index and (3) includes genetic variation in growth efficiency and egg quality to better simulate cohort population dynamics. The model includes parameterizations for larval filtration, ingestion and respiration that determine growth rate and processes controlling larval mortality and metamorphosis. Changes in tissue composition occur as the larva grows and in response to the biochemical composition of the food. The simulations show that genetically determined variations in growth efficiency produce significant changes in larval survival and success at metamorphosis. Larvae with low growth efficiency are successful under a much narrower range of culture conditions than larvae with high growth efficiency. The impact of low growth efficiency is primarily controlled by the ability of larvae to store lipid for metamorphosis. Culture conditions that provide increased dietary lipid counterweigh low growth efficiency. Changes in food quantity and quality had little effect on size at metamorphosis. On the other hand, larval life span and success rate at metamorphosis varied over a wide range depending upon the conditions of the simulation. Food quality and food availability both influence larval life span and, hence, larval survival. As ingestion rate decreases, larval life span increases and cohort survival declines. Increased lipid or decreased protein in the diet improves cohort survival. Changes in carbohydrate content are less influential. If cohort success is significantly affected by mortality during larval life rather than success at metamorphosis, the influence of food quality becomes more complex. The range of food compositions yielding high survival is restricted by a balance between improved success at metamorphosis obtained by increased lipid storage and the shortening of larval life span as a result of more rapid growth, a function of protein availability. These simulations illustrate the strength and utility of numerical models for evaluating and designing hatchery protocols for optimizing yield of C. gigas larvae.
Constructs for Multilevel Closest Assignment in Location Modeling

In the classic p-median problem, it is assumed that each point of demand will be served by his or her closest located facility. The p-median problem can be thought of as a ‘‘single-level’’ allocation and location problem, as all demand at a specific location is assigned as a whole unit to the closest facility. In some service protocols, demand assignment has been defined as ‘‘multilevel’’ where each point of demand may be served a certain percentage of the time by the closest facility, a certain percentage of the time by the second closest facility, and so on. This article deals with the case in which there is a need for ‘‘explicit’’ closest assignment (ECA) constraints. The authors review past location modeling work that involves single-level ECA constraints as well as specific constraint constructs that have been proposed to ensure single-level closest assignment. They then show how each of the earlier proposed ECA constructs can be generalized for the ‘‘multilevel’’ case. Finally, the authors provide c...
The cytotoxic T-cell response to H-1 minor histocompatibility antigen differences.

H-1-specific cytotoxic T cells were generated in in vitro secondary cultures. Effectors were assayed on H-2 compatible, peritoneal exudate cell targets in a 51Cr release assay. Target-cell lysis appeared to be specific for the H-1 type of the stimulator cells. Effector cells were T cells since they expressed Thy 1.2 alloantigen and required H-2 compatibility between donors of the stimulator cells, responder cells, and target cells for efficient lysis. Peritoneal exudate cells were found to be efficient specific competitors in the cytotoxicity assay. There appeared to be no strict correlation between in vitro cytotoxic T-cell activity and mean skin graft rejection times for a number of minor H and H-2D differences.
Serum β2-Microglobulin Decreases in Patients with AIDS or ARC Treated with Azidothymidine

Abnormally elevated serum beta 2-microglobulin has been associated with progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and could reflect in vivo HIV activity. We prospectively studied the effect of azidothymidine therapy on serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration in 41 patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Median beta 2-microglobulin concentration decreased from 4.02 mg/L before therapy to 3.73 mg/L at week 24 of therapy (P = .016). Individual changes in beta 2-microglobulin during azidothymidine therapy correlated with changes in serum HIV p24 antigen (Spearman, r = .42, P = .007). Also, in a randomized placebo-controlled study, median beta 2-microglobulin concentration decreased after 16 w of therapy in 5 azidothymidine-treated patients compared with levels in 7 placebo-treated controls (P = .05). Serum beta 2-microglobulin appears to be a sensitive marker for in vivo antiretroviral drug activity and may be a better marker than serum p24 antigen for early intervention trials involving antiretroviral agents.
Top Fuel Injection Design in an Entrained-Flow Coal Gasifier Guided by Numerical Simulations

A computational fluid dynamics scheme is employed to simulate the effects of potential fuel injection techniques on gasification performance. The objective is to help design the top-loaded fuel injection arrangement for an entrained-flow gasifier using coal water slurry as the input feedstock. Two specific arrangements are investigated: (a) coaxial dual jet impingement with slurry coal in the center and oxygen in the outer jet and (b) four jet impingement with two single slurry coal jets and two single oxygen jets. When the heterogeneous finite-rate solid-gas reaction scheme is implemented, it is discovered that the particle collision model cannot be implemented with the heterogeneous gasification scheme in the present computational model. The instantaneous gasification model is later employed to examine the particle collision phenomenon by implementing the particle collision model, in which the coal (consisting of carbon and volatiles) is injected as gas, and the water is injected as droplets. The result of droplet tracks shows that the droplets are not bounced around, as speculated, at the intersection where the jets meet, and majority of the droplets pass through the jet impingement section and hit the wall as in the finite-rate case. This implies that the results of the finite rate are acceptable even though the particle collision model is not implemented. The finite-rate result actually presents a worst-case scenario for predicting wall erosion. The particle tracks for both the two concentric and four separate injection configurations show that the coal particles hit the wall and can accelerate the deterioration of the refractory bricks. The case employing two concentric injections provides better fuel-oxidant mixing and higher heat-I ing values than the case using four separate injections.
Who benefits from additional drug counseling among prescription opioid-dependent patients receiving buprenorphine–naloxone and standard medical management?

Abstract Background In the multi-site Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS), conducted within the National Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network, participants randomly assigned to receive individual drug counseling in addition to buprenorphine–naloxone and medical management did not have superior opioid use outcomes. However, research with other substance-dependent populations shows that subgroups of participants may benefit from a treatment although the entire population does not. Method We conducted a secondary analysis of POATS data to determine whether a subgroup of participants benefited from drug counseling in addition to buprenorphine–naloxone and medical management, either due to greater problem severity or more exposure to counseling as a result of greater treatment adherence. Problem severity was measured by a history of heroin use, higher Addiction Severity Index drug composite score, and chronic pain. Adequate treatment adherence was defined a priori as attending at least 60% of all offered sessions. Results Patients who had ever used heroin and received drug counseling were more likely to be successful (i.e., abstinent or nearly abstinent from opioids) than heroin users who received medical management alone, but only if they were adherent to treatment and thus received adequate exposure to counseling (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.1–11.8, p = 0.03). The association between severity and outcome did not vary by treatment condition for chronic pain or ASI drug severity score. Conclusions These findings emphasize the importance of treatment adherence, and suggest that patients with prescription opioid dependence are a heterogeneous group, with different optimal treatment strategies for different subgroups.
IN THE MAGIC LANTERN: TELEVISION COVERAGE OF THE 1964 NATIONAL CONVENTIONS

This detailed, factual review of television coverage of national party conventions raises many questions and points up many problems that will be much in evidence as party leaders and media officials plan for 1968. The author had an unusual opportunity through official contacts and first-hand observations to follow TV coverage of the 1964 conventions. Herbert Waltzer is Associate Professor of Government at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.
Synthesis of molybdenum disilicide by mechanical alloying

Abstract Considerable interest and effort are being directed towards developing molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) alloys with low oxygen content. During alloy synthesis, oxygen combines with Si to form glassy SiO2 precipitates at the MoSi2 grain boundaries, resulting in a degradation of its mechanical properties. We have used mechanical alloying, a high-energy ball-milling process, to synthesize alloy powders of MoSi2, MoSi2-27 mol.% MoSi3, MoSi2-50 mol.% Mo5Si3 and MoSi2-50 mol.% WSi2 starting from elemental powders. The processing of the powders, as well as the loading of the powders in graphite dies, was performed under high-purity argon inside a glovebox. The finer grain and particle size of the mechanically alloyed powders enabled us to hot-press them at 1500 °C, which is 300 °C lower than the temperature currently used for hot-pressing commercial powders. We have been successful in reducing the oxygen content in our alloys to about 310 ppm by weight, as measured by nuclear (d,p) reactions. We report the formation of metastable phases in the mechanically alloyed powders and their characterization by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. We also report the characterization of the hot-pressed alloys by optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the measurement of high-temperature mechanical properties.
Computer-Augmented Retrieval of Help Information for Novice Users

Appropriate design of HELP is important particularly for novice users of software systems. Three methods of controlling HELP displays were evaluated in a text editing task. The three methods were the initiation of HELP (i.e., user vs. computer), The selection of a particular HELP sequence (i.e., user vs. computer), and the type of format (i.e., on-line vs. hard copy). These three variables were crossed in a between-subjects design along with a control condition of no HELP available to produce a total of nine separate test conditions. The various HELP configurations improved time to edit and reduced the quantity of errors and editing commands when compared to the no HELP control condition. Additionally, the efficacy of the various HELP configurations differed among themselves. It was concluded that for novice users, the optimum HELP system configuration was one in which the user controls the initiation and selection of HELP displays, and the information is stored in a hard-copy manual. The implications of ...
Is targeted therapy feasible in acute myelogenous leukemia

The prognosis for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is determined to a large degree by the biology of the leukemic cell. In recent years, the identification and characterization of genetic aberrations has vastly improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of AML. In contrast, however, there has been a lack of clinically meaningful therapeutic advances. The same chemotherapeutic strategies have been applied to AML for several decades now, and while these regimens are effective in inducing remission, most patients relapse within months after initial treatment. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel therapies. We review herein a number of lines of laboratory and clinical trial data supporting the clinical value of targeted treatment approaches that will likely result in improved outcomes for patients with AML.
Physician and Dentist Tobacco Use Counseling and Adolescent Smoking Behavior: Results From the 2000 National Youth Tobacco Survey

Objective. The present study describes patterns of tobacco use counseling among physicians and dentists as reported by adolescents and determines the association between provider advice to quit and cessation activities among current smokers. Methods. Data were analyzed from the 2000 National Youth Tobacco Survey, an anonymous, self-administered, school-based survey. The National Youth Tobacco Survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of 35828 students in grades 6 to 12 in 324 schools. Results. Thirty-three percent of adolescents who visited a physician or a dentist in the past year reported that a physician counseled them about the dangers of tobacco use, and 20% reported that a dentist provided a similar message. Among students who smoked in the past year, 16.4% received advice to quit from a physician and 11.6% received advice to quit from a dentist. Physician or dentist advice to quit was correlated with 1 or more quit attempts in the past 12 months. Conclusion. On the basis of adolescent reports, physician and dentist practice patterns remain well below recommended guidelines. Results suggest that provider advice to quit is associated with cessation activity. Additional studies are needed to confirm whether the low prevalence of brief provider tobacco use counseling is a missed opportunity to affect adolescent smoking behavior.
Nonventricular arrhythmias as precursors of ventricular fibrillation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are the most common arrhythmias documented at the time of resuscitation in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest unassociated with an acute myocardial infarction. However, 20% and 40% of these patients will not manifest inducible ventricular arrhythmias during subsequent electrophysiologic studies. The optimal management of these patients has been controversial. In a consecutive series of 100 survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with documented VF, six were identified by either clinical or electrophysiologic data as having a nonventricular arrhythmia as the immediate precursor of VF. Two of these patients had rapid, hypotensive supraventricular arrhythmias induced with programmed cardiac stimulation. In four patients, bradyarrhythmias (sinus arrest two; atrioventricular block two) preceded and caused the episode of VF. Therapy directed at these nonventricular arrhythmias prevented recurrence of cardiac arrest in all patients. In survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, nonventricular arrhythmias represent a treatable potential etiology that may be overlooked during the patient's evaluation.
Multiple detector thermal imaging systems

This paper briefly describes the evolution of real time thermal imaging sensors, current design criteria and techniques, and concludes with an example of state of the art hardware and a look at the future., The relationship between optimum sensor implementation and available i. r. detector technology is shown with regard to scanning techniques and operating wavelength.
Fine particulate (PM2.5) composition in Atlanta, USA: assessment of the particle concentrator-Brigham Young University organic sampling system, PC-BOSS, during the EPA supersite study

Abstract Aerosol concentrations of carbonaceous material, sulfate, and nitrate for samples obtained using a newly designed PC-BOSS are reported. The results indicated that PM2.5 composition in Atlanta was dominated by sulfate and organic material, with low concentrations of particulate nitrate. Observed average particulate component concentrations for the 26-day study period were: sulfate, 12.2 μg/m3 (17.0 μg/m3 as ammonium sulfate); non-volatile organic material, 11.4 μg OM/m3 (assumes organic material, OM, is 61% C); semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) lost from particles during sampling, 5.3 μg OM/m3; filter retained nitrate, 0.1 μg/m3 (0.2 μg/m3 as ammonium nitrate); nitrate lost from particles, 0.3 μg/m3 (0.4 μg/m3 as ammonium nitrate); and soot (elemental carbon), 1.5 μg/m3. The PC-BOSS particle concentrator efficiency was obtained by comparison of the PC-BOSS sulfate data with sulfate data obtained from the Federal Reference Method (FRM) sampler. A modification of the PC-BOSS design to allow independent determination of this parameter is recommended.
C249. The incomplete gamma function and ramanujan’s rational approximation to e x

(1986). C249. The incomplete gamma function and ramanujan’s rational approximation to e x. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 163-168.
The accumulation of copper by rat liver slices

Abstract 1. 1.The accumulation of copper by rat liver slices has been studied with respect to the effect of various chemical and physical conditions. 2. 2.This accumulation is not directly coupled to metabolic energy. 3. 3.The kinetics of uptake are of the first order and indicate that specific sites on or in the cell bind the copper. These sites can be saturated. A rate equation is derived to account for these observed results. 4. 4.The copper-binding sites are affected by temperature but not by sulfhydryl inhibitors or activators, dinitrophenol, or surface-active agents. 5. 5.The relationship of the mechanism of accumulation to some pathological conditions is discussed.
On-site screening for urinary Hg concentrations and correlation with glomerular and renal tubular function.

At the American Dental Association 1985 and 1986 Annual Sessions, an on-site screening for mercury was conducted as part of the Health Screening Program (HSP) to identify dentists having elevated urinary mercury concentrations. The data generated from this study were used to examine the relationship between elevated urinary mercury exposure and kidney dysfunction. Kidney dysfunction was assessed by measurement of serum and urine β2microglobulin concentrations, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance. The mean values found for urinary mercury were 5.8 μg Hg/L and 7.6 μg Hg/L for 1985 and 1986, respectively. Urinary mercury concentrations for this population were found to fall within the range of not detected to 115 μg Hg/L. Of the total number of participants assayed in 1985 and 1986, roughly 10 percent of the sample exhibited elevated mercury concentrations above 20 μg Hg/L. An analysis of the clinical markers indicated no clear relationship between elevated urinary mercury concentrations and kidney dysfunction. In addition to mercury testing, all dentists who participated in the 1985 and 1986 HSP were issued a questionnaire soliciting information as to their professional exposure. Those participants who were identified as having elevated urinary mercury concentrations in the 1985 HSP were issued a followup questionnaire that addressed psychological and neuropsychological symptoms. From these questionnaires three significant relationships were found. These relationships were associated with mercury/amalgam handling and skin contact, the number of amalgams placed by the dentist, and the number of hours of practice per week. The reported absence of a clear relationship between urinary mercury concentrations and potential kidney dysfunction is in agreement with other findings at the mercury concentrations tested. Based on the data generated from this study, these results support the use of an on-site screening procedure as a quick and accurate measure of total mercury excretion.
Subnanomolar Ion Detection by Stripping Voltammetry with Solid-Supported Thin Polymeric Membrane

Subnanomolar limits of detection (LODs) are obtained for stripping voltammetry based on ion transfer at the interface between the aqueous sample and the thin polymeric membrane supported with a solid electrode. It has been predicted theoretically that a lower LOD can be obtained for a more lipophilic analyte ion, which can be preconcentrated at a higher equilibrium concentration in the solid-supported thin polymeric membrane to enhance a stripping current response. This study is the first to experimentally confirm the general theoretical prediction for both cationic and anionic analytes. Proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate that a subnanomolar LOD of (8 ± 4) × 10−11 M tetrapropylammonium is significantly lower than a LOD of less lipophilic tetraethylammonium. Importantly, stripping voltammetry of the cationic analytes is enabled by newly introducing an oxidatively doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film as the intermediate layer between a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane and a Au electrod...
Salvageability becoming law

Legislation is driving electronics companies to prepare for products for later recycling. The effort foreshadows a future in which most of the content of obsolete electronic products will be reclaimed. The author discusses the green port concept for being developed by a consortium of European electronic equipment manufacturers who are responding to proposed legislation. Through a green port installed in each product, a recycler can access information provided by the product's manufacturer: the material composition of its parts, the location of hazardous components and disassembly instructions. The author also discusses the concept of designing electronic equipment with recycling in mind. >
ECONOMICS, POLITICS, AND POLICY MAKING IN SMALL TOWNS

Peterson, in City Limits, argues that economic conditions in cities limit the policy choices which are available to government decision makers. Because of the desire to increase the tax base, municipal policy makers pursue developmental policies, but generally avoid redistributive policies because of the drain on the local economy. Critics of Peterson's model of policy making claim that political factors are more important determinants of urban policy than he recognizes. This study examines policy making in small towns and finds that economic capacity is related to developmental, allocational, and redistributive policy. In stable and growing communities, political factors are also found to be related to the adoption of these three types of policy. The fiscal capacity provided by a growing tax base provides small town policy makers with the opportunity to pursue program improvements that are not possible in communities with limited resources.
Influence of dispersants on the bioavailability and trophic transfer of phenanthrene to algae and rotifers

Abstract Use of chemical dispersants as oil spill clean-up agents alters normal behavior of petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) by increasing functional water solubility. Different PHs may respond differently to dispersant based on their individual physical properties and altering the composition of the bioaccessible fraction of the oil. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of dispersing agents on the bioavailability and trophic transfer of phenanthrene, a model for a class of compounds in oil characterized by limited water solubility and the potential to bioaccumulate. Uptake, bioaccumulation, and depuration of [14C]phenanthrene, were compared for Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO) dispersed with Corexit® 9527 (dispersed oil or DO) and undispersed preparations of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of PBCO. The model food chain consisted of Isochrysis galbana, a primary producer, and Brachionus plicatilis, a primary consumer. Direct aqueous (AQ) exposure was compared with combined aqueous and dietary (AQ&D) exposure. Results showed phenanthrene uptake by algae increased significantly (P 0.05) in phenanthrene uptake was observed in rotifers in DO, however, phenanthrene depuration significantly (P
The effect of Ruthenium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl alloys

Abstract The high temperature compression behavior of TiAl–Ru alloys was studied at different temperatures and strain rates. Ru was found to have a strong strengthening effect on TiAl alloys. However the Ru addition amount was limited by its low solubility in γ-TiAl and α 2 -Ti 3 Al, and the detrimental effect of excessive ternary phase precipitation. Furthermore, the melting temperature decreases when Ru ≥0.6 at.% as the alloy composition approaches a ternary eutectic point. The strengthening mechanism is discussed and two separate mechanisms are proposed, viz. solid solution strengthening and refined colony strengthening. Intergranular cracks were found in the alloys with low Ru or no Ru addition, but were barely detected as Ru content increased to above 0.6 at.%. It was suggested that Ru showed a beneficial effect on both strength and ductility of TiAl alloys due to the refined colony size. Three-point bend test results showed that the Ru addition can also improve the room temperature ductility of TiAl alloys. Hot workability was increased according to the compression tests. Thermal-mechanically treated TiAl–Ru had much smaller grain size than the heat-treated samples due to dynamic recrystallization. But it did not show superior strength in the compression test compared to the heat-treated samples. The Zener–Hollomon parameter was calculated from the compression strength of heat-treated TiAl–Ru alloys. Its relationship with dynamic recrystallization and hot work is discussed. The mechanical properties of TiAl–Ru alloys are compared with TiAl–Nb samples and demonstrate a promising combination of strength and ductility.
Neurons in the Rat Dentate Gyrus Granular Layer Substantially Increase During Juvenile and Adult Life

Volumetric estimates of the total number of granule cells in rats 30, 120, 200, and 365 days old increase linearly by approximately 35 to 43 percent between 1 month and 1 year. Total volume of the granular layer also grows linearly during that time. These results demonstrate a numerical increase in a neuronal population during adulthood in the mammalian brain.
Controlling Hydrogen Embrittlement in Precharged Ultrahigh-Strength Steels

Abstract An Fe-13Co-11Ni-3Cr-1Mo-0.2C steel alloy, processed for ultrahigh-strength and fracture toughness, exhibits three distinct hydrogen trap states in a complex precipitation-hardened martensitic microstructure and is susceptible to severe hydrogen embrittlement (HE) at threshold stress intensity levels as low as 20 MPa√m. The causes of HE susceptibility include very high crack-tip tensile stresses and a reservoir of diffusible hydrogen that is trapped reversibly with a binding energy, Eb, of 11.5±0.5 kJ/mol at (Fe,Cr,Mo)2C precipitates. This reversibly trapped hydrogen repartitions to interstitial sites proximate to the highly stressed crack tip and, subsequently, may retrap at martensitic lath interfaces to produce substantial local hydrogen concentrations and transgranular embrittlement. These results are pertinent to the control of HE in this modern ultrahigh-strength steel with a cadmium-plated coating and codeposited hydrogen (H). Thermal desorption spectroscopy demonstrates that 190°C baking r...
Book Review— Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese American Internment Camps. By Mary Matsuda Gruenewald. NewSage Press, 2005. xi-227 pp.

A review of Looking Like the Enemy: My Story of Imprisonment in Japanese American Internment Camps by Mary Matsuda Gruenewald. The review briefly places the book in historical and intertextual context, and makes the case that Gruenewald’s special contribution is in its depiction of the psychological experience of the internment in an effective way.
Diabetes mellitus: the incidence of circulating antibodies against thyroid, gastric, and adrenal tissue.

Summary The incidence of thyroid, gastric, and adrenal antibodies was determined in 155 juvenile-onset and in 97 adult-onset diabetic patients. Juvenile diabetic patients had a strikingly increased incidence of thyroid and gastric antibodies, as compared with that of control subjects. The adult-onset diabetic patients, however, had essentially no difference in the incidence of antibodies as compared with that of control subjects.
Estimation of P(Z<Y) for correlated stochastic time series models

Let Z and Y represent two time series that are not necessarily independent, and Z"n"+"L, Y"m"+"k denote their values respectively at future times n+L and m+k, where n+L=m+k. Autoregressive (AR), Moving Average (MA), and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models are employed both under stationary and non-stationary conditions to estimate P(Z"n"+"L
Queering Chineseness: The Queer Sphere of Feelings in Farewell My Concubine and Green Snake

Abstract This paper discusses queerness in Farewell My Concubine (1993, dir. Chen Kaige) and Green Snake (1993, dir. Tsui Hark). Tracing the process of the textual transmission of these cinematic adaptations back to their chuanqi origins, I discuss queerness, not in terms of representational politics, but within the framework of affective agency. Upholding the concept of qing (sentiments, emotions or feelings) as a central paradoxical concept – that celebrates genuine individual feelings and at the same time serves as a mode of sentimental education – that enables the reiterative freedom of the chuanqi tradition, I argue that queerness in both films emerges out of this reiterative impulse that generates the sphere of queer feelings as a nonnormative structure of feelings. In the case of Farewell My Concubine, the filmic text creates a narrative closure that imposes a nationalistic ideology at the expense of feminine and queer agency. Nevertheless, Leslie Cheung, the actor who portrays the female impersona...
Nuclear acoustic resonance in single crystal copper over the temperature range 4–250 K

Abstract Nuclear acoustic resonance absorption signals have been observed in 63Cu and 65Cu in single crystal copper. The 63Cu dispersion signal was also observed. The 63Cu absorption signal was studied over the temperature range of 4–250 K. The results are in agreement with existing theories.
Lacan, Freud, the humanities, and science.

The ambition of psychology to be recognized as a science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) discipline reflects not only debates about what sort of research should be funded, but broader cla...
An Investigation of the Technical Adequacy of a Daily Behavior Report Card (DBRC) for Monitoring Progress of Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Special Education Placements.

Many children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are eligible for special education services because of problems with academic and/or social functioning. Thus, a considerable proportion of children with ADHD have individualized education plans (IEPs) that list operationalized goals and objectives for each student. Conceptually, the majority of these children fall within Tiers 2 and 3 of a tiered intervention system because of a need for more intensive behavioral supports. Given the potentially variable behavior of these students in classroom settings and a concurrent need to demonstrate the effectiveness of intervention outcomes, frequent and sustained monitoring of goals and objectives is necessary. For this purpose, direct behavior rating scales such as a Daily Behavior Report Card (DBRC) may serve as an efficient and effective mechanism for progress monitoring. In a sample of 63 students with ADHD receiving special education services, initial psychometric information for the temporal ...
Some Aspects of the Logical Design of a Control Computer: A Case Study

Some logical aspects of a digital computer for a space vehicle are described, and the evolution of its logical design is traced. The intended application and the characteristics of the computer's ancestry form a framework for the design, which is filled in by accumulation of the many decisions made by its designers. This paper deals with the choice of word length, number system, instruction set, memory addressing, and problems of multiple precision arithmetic. The computer is a parallel, single address machine with more than 10,000 words of 16 bits. Such a short word length yields advantages of efficient storage and speed, but at a cost of logical complexity in connection with addressing, instruction selection, and multiple-precison arithmetic.
Seven types of data from computer-controlled experiments

Seven types of data often need to be accessed from a computer-controlled experiment. Some of them involve only a single word and must be available within a fraction of a second; others may involve hundreds of thousands of words, but need not be available until a few hours after an experimental session. A time-sharing program for on-line control of psychological experiments should have the facilities for dealing with all seven types of data.
Optimum separation of asymmetrically heated sub-channels forming a bundle: influence of simultaneous flow and temperature

This paper focuses on laminar heat and fluid flow in an array of sub-channels placed in an uniform stream, which is characterized by a fixed pressure difference and a developing velocity and temperature. The dominant feature of the study deals with the optimal selection of the plate-to-plate separation between subchannels placed in a specified volume that renders maximum heat transmission from the heated plates to the moving fluid. Asymmetric heating from one plate in a typical sub-channel to either air or water is produced by uniform temperature in one case and uniform heat flux in the other case. Upon relaxing the vital condition of developing velocity, the numerical computations for the optimal separation and the maximum heat transmission incurred in little error for both cooling fluids.
Colony Defense in the African Honey Bee in Africa (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Defensive behavior was investigated in a naturally occurring population of Apis mellifera scutellata (Lepeletier) colonies in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana. In general, colonies exhibited low levels of stinging activity during nest dissection. However, positive associations were observed between defensiveness and increasing colony size (inferred from total comb area) and swarming activity. The lower stinging activity of the smaller colonies and the increased defensiveness of the larger and swarming colonies may have reflected relative levels of investment in colony growth and reproductive potential. Seasonal patterns of colony defensiveness were not associated with fluctuations in resource abundance, although some changes in forage availability may have influenced aggressive behavior. Colony defensiveness was not associated with nest entrance location and orientation; the proportions of comb area devoted to brood rearing, food storage, or the area that was empty, or any of three weather parameters measured.
Adaptation to displaced vision: Evidence for transfer of adaptation and long-lasting aftereffects

Aftereffects following a single exposure to visual rearrangement last for 48 h and longer. Following multiple spaced exposures to visual rearrangement, aftereffects persisted for at least 2 weeks. Over the course of the multiple exposures, subjects showed diminished scatter when pointing without sight of hand to visual targets but did not show diminished constant errors. Adaptation achieved in one visuomotor transferred nearly perfectly to a test situation involving somewhat different movement demands.
Radiation response of C3H fibrosarcoma enhanced in mice stimulated by Corynebacterium parvum.

TREATMENT of the laboratory mouse with Corynebacterium parvum can potentiate efficacy of host reaction against tumours1–4. This has been reflected in the proportion of mice whose tumours: (1) grew more slowly; (2) regressed partially before continuing growth, and (3) regressed completely, either temporarily or permanently. Furthermore, in some mouse tumour systems chemotherapy is more effective when hosts are stimulated with C. parvum. We have now found that administration of C. parvum before local irradiation of 8-mm diameter fibrosarcoma isotransplants increases the frequency of cure, strikingly so after low radiation doses.
Dreams of My Daughter: An Ectopic Pregnancy

Autoethnographic narrative, personal journal excerpts, and artifacts were employed to narrate the story of my ectopic pregnancy and experiences with the medical field. The name "Doctor" is invoked as a way of objectifying yet protecting the anonymity of the doctor who objectified and did not protect me. A methodological discussion of the following tensions in autoethnography is presented: intimacy/professionality, art/science, showing/explaining.
Prevalence and Predictors of Compliance with Discontinuation of Airborne Isolation in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective.Examine the use of airborne isolation by identifying reasons for nontimely discontinuation and predictors of compliance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. Compliance with guidelines should result in timely (within 48 hours) discontinuation of isolation in patients without infectious pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).Design.Retrospective, observational study.Setting.A private, university-affiliated, tertiary-care medical center.Patients.All patients in airborne isolation for suspected pulmonary TB from June through December 2011.Method.Chart reviews were performed to identify airborne isolation practices and delayed (greater than 48 hours) or very delayed (greater than 72 hours) discontinuation. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to determine independent predictors of nontimely discontinuation of isolation.Results.We identified 113 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 59.8 ± 17.7 years; male sex, 75.2%; white race, 15.9%; mean collection interval ± standard deviation, 21.4 ± 12.9 hours). Delayed and very delayed isolation discontinuation was noted in 81% and 49% of patients, respectively. No significant differences in demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics were identified between groups. Predictors of timely (within 48 hours) airborne isolation discontinuation included use of alternate diagnosis for discontinuation of isolation (P = .02), early infectious diseases (ID) consultation (P = .03), pulmonary consultation (P = .02), average sputum collection interval less than 24 hours (P = .03), and need for more than 1 induced sputum specimen (P = .05). Adjusting for potential confounders, pulmonary consultation (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.14 [0.03-0.58]), alternate diagnosis for discontinuation of isolation (OR [95% CI], 4.5 [1.3-15.8]), and early ID consultation (OR [95% CI], 4.0 [1.1-14.8]) were independently associated with timely discontinuation.Conclusions.Timely airborne isolation discontinuation occurs in only 18.6% of cases and is an opportunity for cost savings, improved efficiency, and potentially patient safety and satisfaction.
Strategic and Institutional Perspectives in the Evaluation, Adoption and Early Integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): An Empirical Investigation of Current and Potential Adopters

This study is among the first few empirical field studies that tests a proposed RFID adoption and implementation model based on strategic choice and institutional theories using survey data. We use a multi-stage model approach as suggested by Cooper and Zmud (1990) and test our proposed model by studying factors that are critical in the evaluation, adoption and integration stages of RFID. We test our model by using data from both current and potential evaluators, adopters and integrators of the technology. We find interesting similarities and differences across the three stages and also between the current and future adoption and implementation scenarios. The model has been tested by using multiple regression and binomial logistic regression techniques. Key insights have been presented and their implications have been discussed.