cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune deficiency predisposing to Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoproliferative diseases: the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome as a model.

Publisher Summary The chapter describes diseases induced by EBV in immune compromised patients. The discussion begins by considering normal immune responses that combat Epstein-Barr virus. Features of infectious mononucleosis (IM) mimicking graft-versus-host response (GVHR) have been illustrated and speculated on. A spectrum of complications of IM, including death from infiltration of vital organs by infected B cells and malignant lymphoma, has been discussed in detail. Phenotypic expressions of the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) and their immunopathogenesis have been presented to exemplify EBV-induced oncogenesis in immune deficiency. The immunopathogenesis of EBV-induced lymphoproliferative diseases and methods for detecting EBV in immunodeficiency patients have been outlined. These diagnostic monitoring procedures and therapies are being attempted by the lymphoproliferative syndrome and infectious mononucleosis research groups. The results of studies of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases in patients with immune deficiencies such as those accompanying renal transplantation are elaborated. Suggested techniques for documenting EBV infections in immunedeficient patients have been provided to guide diagnosticians and researchers.
Targeted delivery of doxorubicin by HPMA copolymer-hyaluronan bioconjugates.

Purpose. Overexpression of hyaluronan (HA) receptors on cancer cells results in enhanced endocytotic uptake of the drug conjugate. An N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-HA polymeric drug delivery system was used for targeted delivery of doxorubicin to cancer cells.
Considerations of a habitat design

Habitats are the cost effective way to house people on the Moon for more than a couple of days. NASA, universities, and private industry have designed habitats to house astronauts for their lunar tour of duty. Designs range from 'campsites' to permanent 'cities' for human development of the Moon. Considering the high cost per round of equipment delivered to the Moon, each pound is questioned and minimized. Beyond the changing, mission-dependent requirements, such as duration, crew size, reusability, mission objectives, many general requirements are semi-constant for the lunar habitat design. Launch vehicle payload envelope, environment, operations, degree of commonality/optimization, radiation protection and support systems (thermal, environmental control, data handling, communications, power structures) affect the habitat design. Habitat design requirements with an emphasis on the semi-constant elements are explored in this paper.
Effective interaction graphs arising from resource limitations in gene networks

Protein production in gene networks relies on the availability of resources necessary for transcription and translation, which are found in cells in limited amounts. As various genes in a network compete for a common pool of resources, a hidden layer of interactions among genes arises. Such interactions are neglected by standard Hill-function-based models. In this work, we develop a model with the same dimension as standard Hill-function-based models to account for the sharing of limited amounts of RNA polymerase and ribosomes in gene networks. We provide effective interaction graphs to capture the hidden interactions and find that the additional interactions can dramatically change network behavior. In particular, we demonstrate that, as a result of resource limitations, a cascade of activators can behave like an effective repressor or a biphasic system, and that a repression cascade can become bistable.
Destruction of indoleacetic acid: IV. Kinetics of enzymic oxidation

Abstract Kinetics of enzymic oxidation of indoleacetic acid (IAA) are interpreted as indicating that the reaction has an autocatalytic, cyclical mechanism involving unstable intermediates whose formation and disappearance are important in determining the over-all reaction rate. The kinetics do not support the idea that IAA oxidation occurs mainly by reaction with Mn +3 , nor that the reaction is an electron transfer from IAA to O 2 catalyzed by a pcroxidase-H 2 O 2 -Mn +2 complex, nor that Mn is essential to the reaction. H 2 O 2 is probably not a major reaction intermediate. One-electron oxidation of IAA by peroxidase giving a free radical, followed by spontaneous reaction of the radical with oxygen to give a peroxy oxidant which can reoxidize the peroxidase to a peroxide complex, appears to be a likely mechanism.
An investigation of ESD protection diode options in SOI

In this article, three SOI ESD diodes were investigated. The standard PB ESD diode with floating polysilicon was found to perform equivalently to the cathode connected version and has similar capacitance. However, the floating version is the preferred solution since the concern of oxide breakdown during an ESD discharge is reduced. The alternative diode formed with the silicide blocking masks warrants further investigation since it has advantages of 20% lower capacitance and the elimination of oxide breakdown issues.
X. MARITAL AND EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT IN MOTHERS AND INFANT SLEEP ARRANGEMENTS DURING THE FIRST SIX MONTHS

Although parents' structuring of infant sleep is complexly determined, little attention has been given to parents' marital and personal adjustment in shaping sleep arrangement choices. Linkages were examined between infant sleep arrangements at 1 and 6 months and mothers' marital adjustment, co-parenting quality, and depressive symptoms. The final study sample was composed of 149 families (53% girl infants, 86% European American). Bed sharing mothers had lower co-parenting quality, and, at 6 months, more depressive symptoms than mothers of infants in solitary sleep. One-month co-parenting quality was associated with predictable shifts in sleep arrangements from 1 to 6 months, but 1-month sleep arrangements did not predict changes in personal or co-parenting quality. Findings emphasize the need for greater attention to marital and emotional health in influencing family-level decisions about infant sleep arrangements.
Using signal estimation for near-field plate optimization

A technique for designing optimal near-field plates is presented in this work. This technique relies on signal estimation concepts to choose the smallest set of coils that minimizes the power of the error field distribution as well as the complexity of the resulting near-field plate. Furthermore, our technique can be applied to the design of a variety of near-field plates, and provides an path for the reduction of complexity of the design with minimal degradation on performance. An optimized near-field plate capable of generating an evanescent Bessel beam was designed through this procedure to demonstrate its performance. Near-field plates designed using this technique will be strong candidates to use in applications in the areas of wireless power transfer, lithography, near-field imaging, magnetic recording, etc.
Revealing The Linear Aggregates Of Light Harvesting Antenna Proteins In Photosynthetic Membranes

How light energy is harvested in a natural photosynthetic membrane through energy transfer is closely related to the stoichiometry and arrangement of light harvesting antenna proteins in the membrane. Their specific architecture helps them to absorb photons in the primary process of photosynthesis that is subsequently followed by a rapid and efficient energy transfer among the light harvesting proteins (LH2 and LH1) and to the reaction center. In this work, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, single membrane fragment FRET spectroscopy, spectral fluctuation analysis, and time-resolved spectroscopic analysis, we show the identification of linear aggregates of light harvesting proteins, LH2, in the photosynthetic membranes under ambient conditions. Our results suggest that the light harvesting proteins, LH2, mostly exist in two states, the aggregated and non-aggregated states in the photosynthetic membranes. Our results shed a light on understanding the complex intramolecular energy transfer dynamics and mechanism of the light harvesting in the photosynthetic membranes.
A formal specification scheme for network diagrams that facilitates automated design

The Automated Network Diagram Designer (ANDD) designs network diagrams automatically to communicate given information. ANDD makes all the design decisions a human graphic designer would make when designing a network diagram: it determines how different types of information should be expressed graphically, specifies a desirable perceptual organization for the diagram, picks appropriate graphical-property values for symbols in the diagram and computes an aesthetic layout that exhibits appropriate perceptual groupings. The ANDD system uses a formal specification scheme for describing the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of network diagrams. The network-diagram syntax described below differs from previous work in two ways: perceptual organization is represented explicitly and syntax is specified using constraints rather than term-rewriting rules. The semantic/pragmatic specification used by ANDD is also novel: it supports the notion of mutable semantics and relates the information to be communicated directly to the graphical properties of symbols and to the overall perceptual organization of a diagram.
Research, evaluation and audit: key steps in demonstrating your value

Reflective practice and professional development have been key priorities for developing the archives sector in recent years. It is therefore welcome to receive a new publication which aims to guid...
Materialism and Marriage: Couple Profiles of Congruent and Incongruent Spouses

Previous research has shown that spousal materialism is negatively associated with marital satisfaction. However, researchers have yet to determine if this association is due to value differences between spouses or if materialism is problematic even when partners place a similar priority on money and material goods. Using 1,734 married couples, we developed a typology of couple materialism to investigate how congruent and incongruent patterns of materialism between spouses influence marital outcomes. We found that materialism had a negative association with marital quality, even when spouses were unified in their materialistic values. Marriages in which both spouses reported low materialism were better off on several features of marital quality when compared to couples where one or both spouses reported high materialism. Implications are drawn for therapists and financial counselors working with couples dealing with financial strain or conflict related to economic issues.
Lignin biotransformations by an aromatic aldehyde oxidase produced byStreptomyces viridosporus T7A

Streptomyces viridosporus produces an intracellular aromatic aldehyde oxidase that oxidizes aromatic and α, β-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding acids. It also produces extracellular oxidase as shown by zones of clearing when grown on agar containing insoluble dehydrodivanillin (DHDV). This extracellular form may be responsible for oxidizing aldehyde groups in lignin. The extracellular oxidase was expressed maximally after 3 d growth in medium containing only yeast extract. However, higher levels were produced when lignocellulose was in the medium. The enzyme was partially purified and its molecular weight was approximated to be about 80,000 daltons. Mutant cultures that had lost the ability to produce zones of clearing on DHDV-containing agar solubilized smaller quantities of lignin as compared to the wild type, except for one strain. A partially purified oxidase preparation was shown to oxidize a natural lignocellulose substrate.
European Perceptions of American Coeducation, 1865–1914: Ethnicity, religion and culture

In the era between the American Civil War and World War I, European observers considered coeducation, especially at the secondary level, to be one of the most remarkable features of American education and society. This article explores how Europeans tried to explain why mixing the sexes could work in the New World but, in the eyes of most, was impossible or unacceptable in their own countries. Although some commentators referred to “race” or ethnicity as the crucial factor that allowed American boys and girls to mingle in school without producing significant immorality, most visitors ultimately saw cultural differences as more important. An intriguing paradox in their perceptions was that many saw the United States as the progressive “land of the future,” but considered coeducation a holdover from primitive frontier conditions.
Initial investigations of spectral methods for numerical plasma kinetic theory

Summary form only given. A spectral element code based on polynomial collocation at the Gauss-Radau-Legendre points within each phase space element has been developed. This code has been used to test a variety of explicit and implicit time stepping schemes, and the numerical tests show excellent conservation for modest numbers of unknowns (for example, 10/sup -2%/ change in the total number of particles after 100,000 time steps of only 1500 unknowns). These methods do not suffer from any dispersion or dissipation of delicate phase space structures such as trapped particle distributions. The time stepping methods tested so far (modified Euler, Adams-Bashforth and a semiimplicit splitting method) have the property of damping unresolved scales and thereby suppressing phase space filamentation, the bane of collisionless plasma kinetics codes.
MEMS focus control and spherical aberration correction for multilayer optical discs

We present the use of a large-stroke deformable membrane mirror at 45° incidence to achieve a very compact optical system capable of fast multi-layer focusing in an optical disc unit. The MEMS mirror replaces a lens translation mechanism and liquid crystal compensator, resulting in a single optical element to control both focus depth and compensation of attendant focus-dependent spherical aberration. We outline the membrane optical requirements in terms of stroke and aberration compensation required for multi-layer focusing for current DVD and BD standards. We demonstrate an adjustable range of at least 1.6 μm peak wavefront spherical aberration correction at a membrane displacement of 7 μm, which should be sufficient capability for quadruple layer BDXL™ discs.
Spectrophotometric assay for hexosamines.

Abstract A new, simple, and sensitive method was described for the determination of hexosamines based on color development with trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS). The absorbancy of the trinitrophenyl (TNP)-hexosamines was proportional to concentration over a 200-fold range. The method lends itself to the analysis of large numbers of samples with good reproducibility and requires little working time. The few simple steps required for the analytical procedure reduce the possibilities of error.
Reduction of light-assisted collisional loss rate from a low-pressure vapor-cell trap

We have demonstrated an order of magnitude increase in the number and in the lifetime of magneto-optically trapped $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms collected from a low-pressure vapor. The improvement results from the reduction of light-assisted collision losses and is achieved by shelving the atomic population into the lower hyperfine ground state. Large fractional populations of the lower hyperfine ground state have been obtained by blocking the hyperfine repumping light in the region of the trapped atoms and by application of laser light that optically pumps the atoms into that state. We have observed trap lifetimes in excess of 700 s at our highest vacuum levels. At the rubidium pressure that maximizes the product of the number and lifetime of trapped atoms we observe a lifetime of 240 s with 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$ trapped atoms, under conditions for which an ordinary magneto-optical trap has a lifetime of only 14 s with 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ atoms.
US Company Directories: The Top Titles

Ruth Pagell’s first column on US business information sources reviews the current printed directory scene, assessing the main players and the range of information covered, with a short section on electronic versions.
Serum lipid responses to Ethyl-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate in rats on different carbohydrate diets

Abstract Groups of male adult rats were administered CPIB in five diets differing only in the type of carbohydrate used. Groups with no CPIB in the diet served as controls. CPIB showed a significant cholesterol and triglyceride lowering effect in the serum of animals on all types of dietary carbohydrates. The influence of the type of carbohydrate on serum triglycerides was significant although variable in CPIB containing diets. The magnitude of serum triglyceride lowering caused by CPIB administration seems to depend upon the type of carbohydrate in the diet.
Discussion and reply: Origin and diagenesis of lacustrine sediments, upper Oligocene Creede Formation, southwestern Colorado Discussion

[Finkelstein et al. (1999)][1] presented an interpretation of lacustrine sediments, particularly the carbonate sediments, in the Oligocene Creede Formation that differs greatly from other recent contributions ([Larsen, 1994a][2]; [Larsen and Crossey, 1996][3]; [Larsen and Smith, 1999][4]). [
Dimeric epoxy fatty acid methyl esters: formation, chromatography and mass spectrometry

Abstract The formation of dimers is reported from the thermal treatment of a series of epoxy fatty acid methyl esters. These compounds were isolated from the reaction mixture by steric exclusion chromatography and were subsequently characterised by their high resolution electron impact and ammonia chemical ionisation mass spectra. The spectra were consistent in each case with the presence of a mixture of four possible positional isomers each containing an ether bridge linking a pair of fatty acid methyl esters across the carbon chains, with a keto group on a carbon adjacent to the bridge on one of the esters.
Clinical Images: Intersection syndrome of the forearm

in BCR signaling and antigen targeting. J Exp Med 1999;190:1549–60. 2. Liossis SN, Solomou EE, Dimopoulos MA, Panayiotidis P, Mavrikakis M, Sfikakis PP. B-cell kinase Lyn deficiency in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Investig Med 2001;49:157–65. 3. Huck S, le Corre R, Youinou P, Zouali M. Expression of B cell receptor-associated signaling molecules in human lupus. Autoimmunity 2001;33:213–4. 4. Singh RA, Sodhi A. Expression and activation of lyn in macrophages treated in vitro with cisplatin: regulation by kinases, phosphatases and Ca2 /calmodulin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998;1405: 171–9. 5. Parolini I, Sargiacomo M, Lisanti MP, Peschle C. Signal transduction and glycophosphatidylinositol-linked proteins (lyn, lck, CD4, CD45, G proteins, and CD55) selectively localize in Triton-insoluble plasma membrane domains of human leukemic cell lines and normal granulocytes. Blood 1996;87:3783–94. 6. Cornall RJ, Cyster JG, Hibbs ML, Dunn AR, Otipoby KL, Clark EA, et al. Polygenic autoimmune traits: Lyn, CD22, and SHP-1 are limiting elements of a biochemical pathway regulating BCR signaling and selection. Immunity 1998;8:497–508. 7. Kyo S, Sada K, Qu X, Maeno K, Miah SM, Kawauchi-Kamata K, et al. Negative regulation of Lyn protein-tyrosine kinase by c-Cbl ubiquitin-protein ligase in Fc RI-mediated mast cell activation. Genes Cells 2003;8:825–36. 8. Shao Y, Yang C, Elly C, Liu YC. Differential regulation of the B cell receptor-mediated signaling by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl. J Biol Chem 2004;279:43646–53.
Improved optical spectrophotometry of supernova remnants in M33

Optical spectra of SNRs in M33 have been used to investigate abundance gradients and SNR evolution in this galaxy. Abundances of O, N, and S are derived from the spectra using new shock models by Dopita et al. (1984). The results for N and S show abundance gradients similar to those in NGC 300 and the Galaxy. The O abundances may be affected by possible contamination from H II regions and low-velocity shocks. Electron densities derived from the forbidden S II 6717 A/6731 A line ratio are used with a pressure equilibrium argument to estimate the initial explosion energy for each SNR. Evolutionary models for the remnants are investigated, and the distribution of the number of remnants with diameter is found to be consistent with free expansion of the SNRs to diameters of about 26 pc. The results may also be consistent with Sedov evolution if the ranges of initial supernova energies and surrounding interstellar medium densities are large enough.
Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on some parameters of calcium metabolism in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Long-acting medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) effect on some important parameters of calcium metabolism in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GCO) was evaluated. Twelve steroid-dependent asthmatic male patients with GCO were administered 200 mg of MPA (Depo-Provera) intramuscularly, and had fasting serum samples obtained at baseline and at weekly intervals for 5 consecutive weeks. Baseline serum samples were also obtained from 12 control healthy male subjects matched for age. The following measurements were made from each serum sample: osteocalcin (OC), skeletal (SAP) and total alkaline phosphatase (TAP), calcitonin (C), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Significantly lower baseline serum levels of OC and C were found in the patients with GCO than in controls (P < 0.001). Following MPA administration in GCO patients statistically significant and sustained increases in OC, SAP and C were noticed during the next 5 weeks. No significant differences in baseline levels for TAP, IGF1, 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D between GCO patients and controls were found, and no significant changes following MPA administration in GCO patients were obtained for these parameters. In conclusion, when administered to patients with GCO, MPA seems to stimulate the osteoblastic activity as suggested by sustained increases in OC and SAP serum levels, and also enhances the C production by the C-cells of the thyroid.
Review of rapid thermal processing: system design and applications

Issues of rapid thermal processing (RTP) system design and process applications are reviewed. Temperature measurement is the most important and limiting factor in current RTP systems. Problems related to the temperature measurement and control and potential solutions are discussed. Process uniformity control is another important issue in RTP system design. Reactor chamber design, selection and arrangement of heat source, as well as issues related to dislocation generation, patterned and doped wafer, and ramp-up (down) thennal cycle are considered. Experimental results (RTO, RTCVD silicon nitride and polysilicon) based on an in-house RTP system developed in our laboratory are taken as examples to demonstrate the process applications and system requirements for single wafer processing.
The influence of beverages and condiments on in vitro estimated iron availability from wheat flour and potato

Beverages and condiments were mixed with either wheat flour or potato and were digested in vitro under simulated physiological conditions. The proportion of iron diffusing across a semi-permeable membrane was used as an index of bioavailability. Tea, coffee, cocoa, milk, salad cream, tartare sauce and horseradish sauce greatly reduced iron diffusibility from potato (P < 0.001). Lemonade, tonic water, Lucozade, orange juice, monosodium glutamate and salt greatly enhanced iron diffusibility from both potato and wheat flour (P < 0.001). Certain constituents of the beverages and condiments are probably responsible for these effects. Therefore, the choice of beverage or condiment consumed with a meal may have a large influence on the availability of the iron in that meal.
Role retention and quality of life of bone marrow transplant survivors.

Abstract Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) offers the potential for survival of 50% or more for selected patients with malignant disease not controlled by other means. However, BMT introduces risks for psychological, social, and physical impairment and the potential for significant loss in one's ability to retain important role relationships. While there has been a sharp increase in the performance of BMTs in the past decade, there has been little research on its effects on long-term survivors. This paper presents the results of a follow-up survey of 135 survivors of BMT at the Johns Hopkins Oncology center. The ability of the survivors to maintain valued social roles is examined as this affects perceived quality of life. The main hypothesis of the paper, that role retention is significantly related to higher quality of life, is supported by significant correlations of role retention with quality of life as measured by the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale, current and future life satisfaction on Cantril Self-Anchoring Ladders, and by the Bradburn Positive Affect Scale. While the Bradburn Negative Affect Scale was not significantly related to role retention, total negative mood as measured by the Profile of Mood States was inversely related to role retention at a statistically significant level.
Factors Affecting the Wear of Irradiated UHMWPE

Effect of sliding directionality on wear of irradiated UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) was studied under serum-lubricated conditions. When exposed to unidirectional sliding, by reciprocation along a line, steady-state wear rates were negligibly small against polished countersurfaces, only reaching measurable levels against roughened countersurfaces. In unidirectional cases, more rapid wear existed during the first million sliding cycles. If instead subjected to multidirectional sliding, by translating countersurfaces through closed paths, unirradiated UHMWPE experienced rapid wear of 8.3 × 10−7 mm3/Nm against polished CoCr. Crosslinked UHMWPE, produced by gamma irradiation to 4 Mrad dose with subsequent 200 °C (melt) vacuum storage, reduced wear three-fold. Vacuum storage allows crosslinking between radiation-induced radicals without competitive oxidative scission, while increased temperature augments crosslinking kinetics. Wear resistance was similarly enhanced using 70 °C (sub-melt) va...
Thin Film Nitinol Microstent for Aneurysm Occlusion

This film nitinol produced by sputter deposition was used in the design of microstents intended to treat small vessel aneurysms. Thin film microstents were fabricated by “hot-target” DC sputter deposition. Both stress-strain curves and DSC curves were generated for the film used to fabricate stents. The films used for stents had an Af temperatures of approximately 36 degrees allowing for body activated response from a micro-catheter. The ten micron film was only slightly radio-opaque; thus, a Td marker was attached to the stents to guide fluoroscopic delivery. Thin film microstents were tested in a flow loop with and without nitinol support skeletons to given additional radial support. Stents could be compressed into and easily delivery in < 3 Fr catheters. Theoretical frictional and wall drag forces on a thin film nitinol small vessel vascular stent were calculated and the radial force exerted by thin film stents was evaluated theoretically and experimentally. In-vivo studies in swine confirmed that thin film nitinol microstents could be deployed accurately and consistently in the swine cranial vasculature.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Methodological Issues in the Determination of the Quality of Life in Urban Areas

This paper presents a model which illustrates the interaction between the labour and real estate markets in the determination of the value of local amenities. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the importance of functional form in measuring the quality of life (QOL) in urban areas. Using 1980 data on US urban counties, this specification provides new options for QOL estimates as an extension of previous work. This study also discusses the problems associated with summarising QOL in a one-dimensional monotonic ranking. One form of a multi-dimensional rating system is presented for comparison.
3D polymeric devices driven by surface micro fluidic capillaries

A unique method of controlling polymer swelling locally is proposed in this work. This method relies on the novel 3D micro fabrication technology, Projection Micro strereolithography (PuSL) [1], to create capillary network in polymeric structures. The capillary network not only transports the liquid (water or organic solvents) to specific locations by capillary force when swelling is needed, but also depletes the solvent in the structure by evaporation to stop swelling. As a demonstration, functional cantilever of Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) driven by surface capillary is designed and tested. Integration of these functional capillary provides the way of 3D polymeric actuation.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy: Population-based averages within PSA and Gleason strata.

Background: Positive surgical margins (PSM) are an important determinant of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). We use a population-based cancer registry to evaluate PSM by stage, Gleason and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Methods: We identified men undergoing RP from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2007. Differences between those with and without PSM were compared with chi-squared tests. The proportion of cases with PSM were stratified by PSA and Gleason sum for both pT2 and pT3a tumours. Factors associated with PSM were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A composite variable was used in a second multivariate analysis to display the odds ratio (OR) for a PSM for each discrete combination of PSA, Gleason score and pT stage. Results: In total, 28 461 RP patients were identified and a PSM was present in 19.5%. PSM were 42% in pT3a and 16% in pT2 cases. Higher PSAs ( 10) were associated with higher proportions of PSM (12%, 20% and 28%, p 10 disease. On multivariate analysis, stage was the largest predictor for PSM (OR 3.05, 95% confidence interval 2.81-3.30), although Gleason score and PSA remained statistically significant. Conclusion: In this population-based study of PSM after RP, the proportion of PSM vary significantly within different PSA and Gleason strata for organ-confined and extracapsular disease. These data can be used as a reference for urologist self-assessment.
Detection of anomalies in network traffic using L 2 E for accurate speaker recognition

Recently, widespread use of digital speech communication has spawned a multitude of Voice over IP (VoIP) applications. These applications require the ability to identify speakers in real time. One of the challenges in accurate speaker recognition is the inability to detect anomalies in network traffic generated by attacks on VoIP applications. This paper presents L 2 E, an innovative approach to detect anomalies in network traffic for accurate speaker recognition. The L 2 E method is capable of online speaker recognition from live packet streams of voice packets by performing fast classification over a defined subset of the features available in each voice packet. The experimental results show that L 2 E is highly scalable and accurate in detecting a wide range of anomalies in network traffic.
Frame-shapes and rational characters of finite groups

Abstract Among the many “moonshine” properties of the monster simple group considered recently by Conway and Norton, the Leech lattice and the representation of the Conway group · O which it affords seem to play a particularly central role. In this note we show how some of their ideas—those involving so-called Frame-shapes—can be put in a somewhat more general context.
A comparative study of the vibration damping capacity of superalloys

A comparative study of nickel-base, iron-base, and iron-nickel base superalloys showed Inconel MA754 (oxide dispersion strengthened) to be particularly high in vibration damping capacity.
Extensive regulatory capabilities of a Drosophila imaginal disk blastema

Every organism develops body patterns that are accurately repeated among individuals of the same species. To understand how cells interact to form these patterns, many investigators have studied the re-establishment of patterns following genetic and/or physical perturbations. In regulating systems, missing structures may be replaced by cell proliferation (epimorphosis) or by respecification without growth (morphallaxis)1. Epimorphosis involves the formation and growth of a blastema2, defined for vertebrate regeneration as a zone of proliferating cells, localized near the wound surface3, which becomes capable of regenerating even when isolated from the rest of the limb4. Clonal analysis of Drosophila imaginal disk fragments indicates that during pattern regulation most dividing cells are located near the wound surface5. Furthermore, mitotic figures (L. C. Abbott, personal communication) and cells incorporating 3H-thymidine6 are clustered near the wound surface of regulating fragments. Here we describe experiments involving cultures of this zone of proliferating cells, and report that it can regulate in isolation. These observations provide evidence that regulation of disk fragments is accomplished by growth of a blastema. Surprisingly, the isolated blastema regenerated more pattern elements than predicted by the polar coordinate model7. We resolve this paradox by proposing that regulation is initiated at free cut edges, where a blastema is formed that adds new positional values in a sequence. On completion of wound healing, blastema growth continues until remaining positional disparities are eliminated by intercalation, as presented in the polar coordinate model.
Comprehensive analyses of tumor suppressor genes in protein-protein interaction networks: A topological perspective

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are a class of genes that play key roles in cancer induction and development. A comprehensive investigation of TSGs in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks may expand our understanding on their roles in cancer development. In this study, we first collected reliable human TSG lists from tumor suppressor gene database. To provide an unbiased network view, we mapped human TSGs to four model organisms with different evolutionary distances to human (mouse, fly, worm, and yeast) using homology relationship. Using human TSGs and their homologs, we overlapped TSGs to their corresponding PPI networks. To explore the network properties of TSGs we examined their degree, betweenness, and closeness centralities by uniquely comparing them with three other sets of genes. We found that TSGs tend to interact more strongly than other non-cancer disease genes in human, mouse, fly, and worm, which confirmed previous global topological property studies on cancer genes. This demonstrates that TSGs are important to initiate interaction with other molecular during cancer development. This study represents the first statistical evaluation of TSGs in PPI networks. In addition, the data presented in this study will be valuable for the study of TSGs and their interaction partners.
NAVIGATING the Storm: High School Mathematics Teachers, the Common Core, College Readiness, and Quality Management Tools

Abstract Classroom teachers sit at the confluence of national and nationally-initiated state education policies that tie the standards of expected student success at each grade level to teacher effectiveness. However, many district-developed learning targets are loosly aligned with state standards. For high school mathematics teachers, this misalignment is further skewed by a mismatch with post-secondary mathematics placement exams. This research demonstrates how quality management tools and curriculum articulation strategies can help high school mathematics teachers prioritize these policy demands.Three major findings point to tools and policy changes to smooth a PK-16 curriculum sequence for students matriculating across disparate systems of learning.
Luminal regulation of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger gene expression in rat ileal mucosa.

It is well recognized that ileostomy patients suffer from chronic depletion of Na(+) through the stoma effluent. In this study we evaluated the effects of ileostomy on messenger RNA levels that encode different Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoforms (NHE-2 and NHE-3). Loop ileostomies were created in Sprague-Dawley rats. Segments of diverted ileum were harvested for quantitation of mRNA levels encoding these isoforms and the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase in mucosal scrapings and for immunofluorescence microscopy, specifically of the NHE-3 protein. Our studies indicate that as early as 8 days after diversion, NHE-3 gene expression is selectively attenuated in poststomal ileal mucosa. Mucosal morphology remains undisturbed, and the distribution of protein expression along the crypt/villus axis is not altered. Infusion of Na(+) or the enterocyte nutrient, glutamine, into the lumen of the diverted segment restores or even augments mRNA levels for NHE-3, again without altering the histologic appearance or distribution of the protein along the crypt/villus axis. These effects are specific because nonpolar osmolytes (mannitol) and related organic nutrients not specific for the enterocyte (i.e., butyrate) have no effect on mRNA levels of NHE-3. Further work is required to understand how the early changes in mRNA contribute to mucosal function and response to luminal diversion.
The effect of cubic anisotropy on the coupled domain-domain wall oscillations

Abstract Earlier investigations of the coupled domain-domain wall system in Ga substituted thin YIG films, leading to mode repulsions, are continued. A complete analysis of the data using exact numerical evaluation of the domain wall parameters, like mass m , is presented. The singularity that was predicted by earlier authors in the domain wall resonance frequency at in-plane saturation is shown to be lifted in exact calculations. Cubic anisotropy energy effects are taken into account theoretically and the resulting coupling terms are discussed. While such coupling terms are small corrections for ω + -DWR and ω + - ω - interaction, a new term coupling ω - and DWR is shown to arise.
Scattering of Particles by an Einstein Center

Relativity theory of the scattering of atomic rays by a nucleus.---The Coulomb inverse square law of force is replaced by Einstein's law corresponding to a fixed point center, and the Schwartzschild solution of the field equations of gravitation is used, taking the constant of integration which measures the strength of the center as purely electrical in nature and equal to $\frac{\mathrm{NeE}}{{c}^{2}M}$ instead of $\frac{\ensuremath{\gamma}m}{{c}^{2}}$, the Einstein center being thus used to account for Coulomb's law instead of Newton's law as in the relativity theory of gravitation. No attempt is made to combine gravitational and electrical terms in the potentials such as developed by Jeffery and Nordstrom. The resulting formula agrees with Rutherford's except that there are added to the factor $\frac{{cot}^{2}\ensuremath{\varphi}}{2}$, $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ being the angle of deflection, terms in ${V}^{2}$, ${V}^{4}$, etc. where $V$ is the velocity of the ray divided by that of light. The result is that the scattering is no longer accurately proportional to $\frac{1}{{V}^{4}}$ nor to $\frac{{cot}^{2}\ensuremath{\varphi}}{2}$. However for values of $V$ to 1/15 or 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{9}$ cm/sec., the departures are less than one per cent, that is less than the probable error of the experimental results; but an accuracy of 1/1000 would decide between the two theories.
Structural and vibrational properties of α -MoO 3 from van der Waals corrected density functional theory calculations

Structural and vibrational properties of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-MoO${}_{3}$ are studied employing two recently proposed methodologies for incorporating van der Waals (vdW) contributions in density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. The DFT-D2 [S. Grimme, J. Comput. Chem. 27, 1787 (2006)] and optB88 vdW-DFT [J. Klime\ifmmode \check{s}\else \v{s}\fi{} et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22, 022201 (2010)] methods are shown to give rise to increased accuracy in predicted lattice parameters, relative to conventional DFT methods. Calculated vibrational frequencies agree with measurements to within 5$%$ and 10$%$ for modes involving bonded and nonbonded interactions in this compound, respectively.
Investigation of Pre-Ionization Characteristics in Heavy Gas Pulsed Inductive Plasmas Via Numerical Modeling

A globally-averaged, pulsed inductive plasma model is reproduced and utilized to investigate pre-ionization conditions for a pulsed inductive plasma accelerator. Attention is given to better quantifying the formation and energy conversion/loss processes associated with the pre-ionization stage. Simulations are completed for different power input pulse duration, seed plasma density, and total input energy. Results are analyzed based on the ion energy fraction and peak ion density. Ion energy fraction is the percentage of total input energy contained in ionization. Analysis shows that reducing pulse duration from 10-6 to 10-7 seconds increases ion energy fraction by 16.5%. Reducing pulse duration further to 10 seconds increases ion energy fraction only another 2.5%. The optimum pulse duration from these simulations is 200 ns because this duration maximizes both ion energy fraction and peak ion density. Results show that a low seed plasma density, less than 10 14 m-3, yields the highest ion energy fraction of 40%. Increasing seed plasma density above 10 m increases peak ion density but causes a corresponding decrease in ion energy fraction. Increasing total energy deposition from 5 to 160 mJ increases ion energy fraction from 33 to 58% at a 200 ns pulse duration. However this increase is not linear, but has a diminishing return with ion energy fraction plateau estimated to be 65%.
The effect of endotoxin on murine stem cells.

Previous studies showed that after 5 μg of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin there was an increase in colony stimulating factor temporally related to a fall in murine marrow in vitro colony forming cells (CFC). This was followed by differentiation along the marrow granulocytic pathway. The present studies showed that after 5 μg of endotoxin the peripheral blood CFC fell by approximately 50% at one hour, rose to a level ten fold that of control at six hours and then returned to control values by 48 hours. There was a progressive increase in the number of splenic CFC to ten fold that of control from 24 to 72 hours after endotoxin. These data imply a migration of CFC from the marrow to the spleen along with an in-situ increase in splenic CFC. Thus, either migration or differentiation may explain the fall in marrow CFC after endotoxin. Spleen colony forming units (CFU) in the marrow were measured by a transplantation technique and the transplantation fraction (f Fx) determined. A decrease in marrow CFU at 24 hours after endotoxin was secondary to a change in the f Fx. from 11.1% to 7.6%. There was however, an increased percentage of CFU in DNA synthesis in the interval of 6–48 hours after endotoxin, as judged by the hydroxyurea technique. As the marrow CFC fell within 20 minutes of endotoxin administration, the data suggest the CFC may be affected initially and that changes in the generative cycle of the CFU may be of a secondary nature.
Validation of a High-Content Screening Assay Using Whole-Well Imaging of Transformed Phenotypes

Automated microscopy was introduced two decades ago and has become an integral part of the discovery process as a high-content screening platform with noticeable challenges in executing cell-based assays. It would be of interest to use it to screen for reversers of a transformed cell phenotype. In this report, we present data obtained from an optimized assay that identifies compounds that reverse a transformed phenotype induced in NIH-3T3 cells by expressing a novel oncogene, KP, resulting from fusion between platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), that was identified in human glioblastoma. Initial image acquisitions using multiple tiles per well were found to be insufficient as to accurately image and quantify the clusters; whole-well imaging, performed on the IN Cell Analyzer 2000, while still two-dimensional imaging, was found to accurately image and quantify clusters, due largely to the inherent variability of their size and well location. The resulting assay exhibited a Z′ value of 0.79 and a signal-to-noise ratio of 15, and it was validated against known effectors and shown to identify only PDGFRα inhibitors, and then tested in a pilot screen against a library of 58 known inhibitors identifying mostly PDGFRα inhibitors as reversers of the KP induced transformed phenotype. In conclusion, our optimized and validated assay using whole-well imaging is robust and sensitive in identifying compounds that reverse the transformed phenotype induced by KP with a broader applicability to other cell-based assays that are challenging in HTS against chemical and RNAi libraries.
Globalized Newton-Krylov-Schwarz algorithms and software for parallel implicit CFD

Implicit solution methods are important in applications modeled by PDEs with disparate temporal and spatial scales. Because such applications require high resolution with reasonable turnaround, parallelization is essential. The pseudo-transient matrix-free Newton-Krylov-Schwarz (ΨNKS) algorithmic framework is presented as a widely applicable answer. This article shows that for the classical problem of three-dimensional transonic Euler flow about an M6 wing, ΨNKS can simultaneously deliver globalized, asymptotically rapid convergence through adaptive pseudo-transient continuation and Newton's method; reasonable parallelizability for an implicit method through deferred synchronization and favorable communication-to-computation scaling in the Krylov linear solver; and high per processor performance through attention to distributed memory and cache locality, especially through the Schwarz preconditioner. Two discouraging features of ΨNKS methods are their sensitivity to the coding of the underlying PDE discretization and the large number of parameters that must be selected to govern convergence. The authors therefore distill several recommendations from their experience and reading of the literature on various algorithmic components of ΨNKS, and they describe a freely available MPI-based portable parallel software implementation of the solver employed here.
Ascorbate regeneration in bovine ocular tissues by NADH-dependent semidehydroascorbate reductase

Despite its fast autoxidation in vitro, ascorbate remains in its reduced from in vivo, indicating a special mechanism may be involved in its regeneration. The presence of an NADH-dependent reductase system, semidehydroascorbate reductase (SDR), for regeneration of ascorbate from its partially oxidized form, semidehydroascorbate (SDA), was demonstrated in bovine ocular tissues after extraction in Triton X-100. Highest SDR activity was detected in retinal extracts in the order of retina > pigment epithelium-choroid = ciliary body > iris. Minimal or no activity was observed in lens extracts or in aqueous fluid. Freezing and thawing, or boiling, destroyed the NADH-dependent SDR activity. NADH oxidation was significantly reduced (22% of total activity) when assays with retinal extracts were performed at 5°C. Treatment with 4 m M , N-ethylmaleimide reduced the rate of NADH oxidation to 73 or 42% compared with control values with retinal or ciliary body extracts, respectively.