cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Collaboration Between a Historically Black University and an Ivy League Psychiatric Research Center: A Psychiatrist’s Reflections of the Impact on Residency Training

As detailed in the preceding paper, a central aim of the collaboration between our two institutions is building research capacity in minority—particularly, AfricanAmerican—mental health. Building capacity is at the heart of my role in the collaboration, specifically, and at my university more broadly. As the training director of the psychiatry residency program, I am responsible for coordinating training for a small but very vibrant group of residents. Most of our residents are minority or international medical graduates; therefore, cultural competency has assumed an ever increasing role in our curriculum. In accordance with the our university’s mission, we take care to select residents who are sympathetic and possibly committed to the cause of reducing racial disparities in mental health. Our university, being the largest historically Black university in the country, has played a unique role in efforts to reduce disparities by training and promoting minority health care researchers. Our university hospital was built on the foundations of Freedmen’s Hospital and Asylum that cared for freed, disabled, and aged blacks. In 1868, after the Civil War, Freedmen’s Hospital became the teaching hospital of our university medical school. In 1909, a new 278-bed Freedmen’s Hospital was erected. Finally in 1975, the current and modern University Hospital was opened. Since that time the university had a small but thriving psychiatry department and is one of the main sites for African-American and other minority candidates to get residency training in psychiatry. The Psychiatry Residency Program was established in 1955 by a visionary Afro-Caribbean psychiatrist E.Y. Williams and is one of the oldest psychiatry training programs in the DC area. The current chair is a well-known researcher in the area of health disparities. There is debate whether ‘‘race-based institutions of higher learning’’ like ours should exist in this day and age. Some consider them completely unnecessary and
The long‐term stability of deterrence

In this article, we construct a model of deterrence that specifically integrates both systemic and decision‐making variables. After contrasting its underlying structure with more standard views of the deterrence relationship, we demonstrate the logical consistency of the power transition model with the expected utility framework. The model we develop combines and extends the insights of each of these two approaches, thereby permitting us to develop a theory of the necessary and sufficient conditions of major power war and conflict initiation. In other words, for the first time, we are able to specify, precisely, the theoretical consequences of variations in power dynamics, evaluations of the status quo, salience, and attitudes toward risk. As theories of the necessary conditions for international conflict, neither the power transition theory nor the expected utility model provide this information. Thus, by combining and then extending these two frameworks, we merely refine propositions implicit in each of...
Goal selection versus process control in a brain–computer interface based on sensorimotor rhythms

In a brain?computer interface (BCI) utilizing a process control strategy, the signal from the cortex is used to control the fine motor details normally handled by other parts of the brain. In a BCI utilizing a goal selection strategy, the signal from the cortex is used to determine the overall end goal of the user, and the BCI controls the fine motor details. A BCI based on goal selection may be an easier and more natural system than one based on process control. Although goal selection in theory may surpass process control, the two have never been directly compared, as we are reporting here. Eight young healthy human subjects participated in the present study, three trained and five na?ve in BCI usage. Scalp-recorded electroencephalograms (EEG) were used to control a computer cursor during five different paradigms. The paradigms were similar in their underlying signal processing and used the same control signal. However, three were based on goal selection, and two on process control. For both the trained and na?ve populations, goal selection had more hits per run, was faster, more accurate (for seven out of eight subjects) and had a higher information transfer rate than process control. Goal selection outperformed process control in every measure studied in the present investigation.
Von Willebrand factor in patients evolving Q-wave versus non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction

We assessed the changes in plasma von Willebrand factor level concentration in 10 patients with Q-myocardial infarction and in six patients with non-Q-myocardial infarction who did not receive thrombolytic treatment. Concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen were measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay method in plasma samples obtained twice daily for 4 consecutive days. In patients with Q-wave myocardial infarction, a significant rise in von Willebrand factor antigen levels (P < 0.05) occurred after admission and persisted for 3 days. No significant changes were found in plasma concentration of fibrinogen. In conclusion, von Willebrand factor antigen levels were greater in patients with Q-wave compared to patients with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
Defective Choroidal Angiogenesis Precedes Retinal Pigment Epithelial Phagocytic Defect in Neonatal Rcs Rats

The well known defect in phagocytosis of rod outer segment (ROS) membranes by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of RCS rats, the subject of numerous investigations, has long been considered to be the primary pathology leading to retinal degeneration in this mutant (1–3). Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies of the developing photoreceptors of these animals have determined that the phagocytic defect is first evident around postnatal day 12, coincident with the onset of retinal phagocytosis in the normal animals (4). Recently, our laboratory has provided evidence that there is a second defect in dystrophic rat eyes that appears earlier in development than the phagocytic defect: this abnormality involves failed or delayed development of the choroidal vasculature, which normally proceeds rapidly between postnatal days 7–10 (5). In this chapter, I briefly review the data revealing the choroidal angiogenesis defect in mutant RCS rat pups, as well as our recent evidence indicating a reduction in the mRNA and protein for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in intact RPE of neonatal RCS rats (5). This new data is discussed in the context of previous conflicting investigations into bFGF expression in RCS rat retinas. Finally, the hypothesis is explored that the observed downregulation of bFGF in the mutant RPE during this period in postnatal ocular development may play a central role in the pathology, adversely affecting choroidal angiogenesis, RPE phagocytic function and trophic support of the photoreceptors.
Effects of Sugar Spray and Aphid Honeydew on Field Populations of the Parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Sugar spray applied to crop foliage may serve as a surrogate for homopteran honeydew in meeting the nutritional needs for self-maintenance in adult parasitoids of crop pests. We tested the importance of timing of application of sugar spray and the interaction between sugar spray and naturally occurring aphid honeydew in influencing the local abundance of the alfalfa weevil parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson). Plots of hay alfalfa in northern Utah were sprayed with sucrose dissolved in water (sugar plots) or with water only (control plots) early, midway, or late during the preflowering period in the 5th yr of production. When sampled 2 d later, numbers of adult parasitoids were consistently higher in sugar plots than in control plots. Increased wasp density in response to local pea aphid density also occurred, but only in plots that did not receive sugar spray. Weevil parasitism was elevated in sugar plots compared with control plots only when sprays were applied late in the 1st crop. Lack of enhanced rates of wasp oviposition in sugar plots early and midway during the 1st crop may have resulted from poor weather, mutual interference among the wasps, or wasp feeding. Our study was conducted in a field harboring relatively low numbers of aphids. In general, sugar sprays may be redundant for adult parasitoids in a crop when naturally occurring homopteran honeydew is abundant. But the positive responses of B. curculionis to sugar sprays recorded in this study suggest application of this material may be beneficial to the wasp throughout the 1st crop of alfalfa if aphid densities (and associated availability of natural honeydew) remain low.
High-accuracy wavefront control for retinal imaging with Adaptive-Influence-Matrix Adaptive Optics

We present an iterative technique for improving adaptive optics (AO) wavefront correction for retinal imaging, called the Adaptive-Influence-Matrix (AIM) method. This method is based on the fact that the deflection-to-voltage relation of common deformable mirrors used in AO are nonlinear, and the fact that in general the wavefront errors of the eye can be considered to be composed of a static, non-zero wavefront error (such as the defocus and astigmatism), and a time-varying wavefront error. The aberrated wavefront is first corrected with a generic influence matrix, providing a mirror compensation figure for the static wavefront error. Then a new influence matrix that is more accurate for the specific static wavefront error is calibrated based on the mirror compensation figure. Experimental results show that with the AIM method the AO wavefront correction accuracy can be improved significantly in comparison to the generic AO correction. The AIM method is most useful in AO modalities where there are large static contributions to the wavefront aberrations.
A Shared Memory Environment for Hypercubes

This paper describes the design and implementation of a shared virtual memory (SVM) system for the nCUBE 2 hypercube multicomputer. The SVM system provides the user a single coherent address space across all nodes. It is implemented at the user level in a C programming environment using high level constructs to support data sharing. Shared variables are treated as objects rather than pages. We have improved upon an existing algorithm for maintaining coherency in the SVM system, thus achieving a reduction in the number of inter-node messages required in coherency maintenance. Detailed timing analysis is conducted to analyze the feasibility of this shared environment. Experimental results indicate that parallel programs running under an SVM system show linear speedup, suggesting that SVM systems could provide an effective programming environment for the next generation of distributed memory parallel computers. A bottleneck of this implementation seems to be the expensive interrupt handling by the nCUBE 2 kernel.
Curcumin for chemoprevention of colon cancer

The most practical approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cancer is to delay the process of carcinogenesis through the use of chemopreventive agents. This necessitates that safer compounds, especially those derived from natural sources must be critically examined for chemoprevention. A spice common to India and the surrounding regions, is turmeric, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Pre-clinical studies in a variety of cancer cell lines including breast, cervical, colon, gastric, hepatic, leukemia, oral epithelial, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate have consistently shown that curcumin possesses anti-cancer activity in vitro and in pre-clinical animal models. The robust activity of curcumin in colorectal cancer has led to five phase I clinical trials being completed showing the safety and tolerability of curcumin in colorectal cancer patients. To date clinical trials have not identified a maximum tolerated dose of curcumin in humans with clinical trials using doses up to 8000 mg per day. The success of these trials has led to the development of phase II trials that are currently enrolling patients. Overwhelming in vitro evidence and completed clinical trials suggests that curcumin may prove to be useful for the chemoprevention of colon cancer in humans. This review will focus on describing the preclinical and clinical evidence of curcumin as a chemopreventive compound in colorectal cancer. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Extreme Delay Sensitivity and the Worst-Case Switching Activity in VLSI Circuitsy

We observe that the switching activity at a circuit node, also called the transition density, can be extremely sensitive to the circuit internal delays. As a result, slight delay variations can lead to several orders of magnitude changes in the node activity. This has important implications for CAD in that, if the transition density is estimated by simulation, then minor inaccuracies in the timing models can lead to very large errors in the estimated activity. As a solution, we propose an efficient technique for estimating an upper bound on the transition density at every node. While it is not always very tight, the upper bound is robust, in the sense that it is valid irrespective of delay variations and modeling errors. We will describe the technique and present experimental results based on a prototype implementation.
Thermodynamics and Phase Behavior of Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends with Attractive and Repulsive Interactions

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments were conducted on a 25 vol % blend of a poly(ethylene-block-head-to-head propylene) copolymer (PE-PP) in polyisobutylene (PIB). PE/PIB and PE/PP chains are incompatible (the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter > 0), while PIB and PP are compatible ( 0) at high temperatures. These interactions lead to an order-disorder transition at 150 ( 5 °C and macrophase separation at 251 ( 5 °C. The nature of the concentration fluctuations in the homogeneous state (155 °C < T < 246 °C) was studied by comparing the experimentally determined SANS profiles with theoretical calculations based on the multicomponent random phase approximation (RPA). Order formation at low temperatures is driven by two parameters: PE/PIB and lPP (the statistical segment length of the PP block). The other temperature-dependent parameters drive the system away from the ordering transition. At high temperatures, the RPA predicts microphase separation, while experimental data (neutron and light scattering) indicate macrophase separation. This discrepancy is mainly due to the inability of the RPA to correctly account for the large length scale concentration fluctuations.
Acceptance issues in metrics program implementation

Process improvement initiatives such as metrics programs have a high failure rate during their assimilation in a software organization. Lack of attention to social issues and lack of communication are some of the factors affecting their acceptance. Social Psychology includes study of such acceptance issues in the adoption of technology in the workplace. Although metrics implementations are often more intrusive and their benefits are indirect compared to workplace technology in general, both are introduced for similar reasons and induce organizational change. Therefore, we apply technology adoption concepts to metrics program implementation to develop a predictive model that takes as input organizational culture, practitioner mindset, and the nature of the metrics program. Our model relates these inputs to the likelihood of a successful metrics program implementation and to areas that may need improvement. This paper includes the results of a pilot study. The predictor variables ease of use, usefulness, control, and attitude were significantly correlated with the dependent variable, the respondent's intention to perform metrics activities
Acute Steroidogenic Responsiveness to Human Luteinizing Hormone in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

The responses of circulating levels of androgens, estrogens, and their C-21 biosynthetic precursors to a 6-h constant infusion of human LH (hLH; 2000IU) were studied in four males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and compared with those in normal male controls. Although similar levels of circulating LH were achieved, the initial and secondary increases in testosterone were significantly greater in the hypogonadotropic subjects than in the normal controls. In contrast, the responses of estradiol, estrone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to exogenous hLH were significantly lower in HH than in normal controls. The data demonstrate a different pattern of testicular steroidogenic responsiveness after pharmacological doses of hLH, with increased concentrations of circulating testosterone in subjects with HH compared to a disproportionate increase in estrogen and progestin levels in normal men.
Targets of immune regeneration in rheumatoid arthritis.

Many of the aging-related morbidities, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and infectious susceptibility, are linked to a decline in immune competence with a concomitant rise in proinflammatory immunity, placing the process of immune aging at the center of aging biology. Immune aging affects individuals older than 50 years and is accelerated in patients with the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. Immune aging results in a marked decline in protective immune responses and a parallel increase in tissue inflammatory responses. By studying immune cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, several of the molecular underpinnings of the immune aging process have been delineated, such as the loss of telomeres and inefficiencies in the repair of damaged DNA. Aging T cells display a series of abnormalities, including the unopposed up-regulation of cytoplasmic phosphatases and the loss of glycolytic competence, that alter their response to stimulating signals and undermine their longevity. Understanding the connection between accelerated immune aging and autoimmunity remains an area of active research. With increasing knowledge of the molecular pathways that cause immunosenescence, therapeutic interventions can be designed to slow or halt the seemingly inevitable deterioration of protective immunity with aging.
Stereotypes and registers of honorific language

Honorific registers are formally discrete but functionally stratified systems, in the sense that an apparently bounded set of linguistic forms allows language users to calculate many concurrent aspects of the pragmatic context of language use. This paper argues that native stereotypes about language structure and use play a critical role in formulating the pragmatic value(s) of register systems. The linguist can neither isolate the forms belonging to a register, nor explain their significance in use, independently of appeal to native stereotypes about language. The paper discusses methods for the empirical study and analysis of such stereotypes. Stereotypes that formulate the social identity of language users play a special role within register systems, grounding the significance of pragmatic acts in the attributes of pragmatic actors. Much of the discussion focuses on how such stereotypes are formulated and what their social consequences are. (Honorifics, pragmatics, metapragmatics, stereotypes, registers, deference, identity, Tibetan)*
Barriers encountered during enrollment in an internet-mediated randomized controlled trial

Background: Online technology is a promising resource for conducting clinical research. While the internet may improve a study's reach, as well as the efficiency of data collection, it may also introduce a number of challenges for participants and investigators. The objective of this research was to determine the challenges that potential participants faced during the enrollment phase of a randomized controlled intervention trial of Stepping Up to Health, an internet-mediated walking program that utilized a multi-step online enrollment process. Methods: We conducted a quantitative content analysis of 623 help tickets logged in a participant management database during the enrollment phase of a clinical trial investigating the effect of an automated internet-mediated walking intervention. Qualitative coding was performed by two trained coders, and 10% of the sample was coded by both coders to determine inter-coder reliability. Quantitative analyses included standard descriptive statistics on ticket characteristics and theme frequency, and a Poisson regression analysis identified characteristics of potential participants who reported more frequent problems during enrollment. Results: In total, 880 potential participants visited the study website and 80% completed the enrollment screening. Of the potential participants who visited the study website, 38% had help tickets logged in the participant management database. The total number of help tickets associated with individual potential participants ranged from 0 to 7 (M = .71). Overall, 46% of help tickets were initiated by email and 54% were initiated by phone. The most common help ticket theme was issues related to the study process (48%). The next most prominent theme was discussion related to obtaining medical clearance (34%), followed by issues related to pedometers and uploading (31%). Older individuals, women, and those with lower self-rated internet ability were more likely to report problems during the enrollment process. Conclusion: Prospective participants in an online clinical trial encountered a number of barriers to enrollment that led them to request help from study staff. Questions about the complex enrollment process itself were common. In a complex multi-step enrollment process, providing personalized feedback to potential participants indicating their status within the enrollment process may be beneficial.
Risky debt and the earnings response coefficient: a reexamination in the presence of illiquid growth opportunities

Prior literature has documented that risky debt reduces the Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) by inducing higher equity risk and default risk. This paper reexamines the role of debt in explaining the ERC in the presence of illiquid growth opportunities, a factor that has largely been ignored in prior research. Specifically, it documents that the negative marginal effect of debt on the ERC is mitigated by illiquid growth opportunities because they may reduce the firm's equity risk and default risk by inducing a risk-aversion incentive. This research addresses the widespread existence of illiquid growth opportunities in firms as the economy has grown increasingly intangible.
Horizontal violence and the socialization of new nurses

This article discusses research on horizontal violence in nursing, focusing on the cycle of horizontal violence within nursing education and how it impacts the socialization of newly graduated nurses. Michel Foucault's (1969,1980) work is used to provide a framework for understanding the socialization of nurses and for addressing horizontal violence experienced by nursing students, to help them prepare for the work environment.
A competitive strategy for routing flow over time

Network routing games are used to understand the impact of individual users' decisions on network efficiency. Prior work on routing games uses a simplified model of network flow where all flow exists simultaneously. In our work, we examine routing games in a flow-over-time model. We show that by reducing network capacity judiciously, the network owner can ensure that the equilibrium is no worse than a small constant times the optimal in the original network, for two natural measures of optimality. These are the first upper bounds on the price of anarchy in the flow-over-time model for general networks.
Towards a Learning Community Model of Graduate Management Education An Initiative in Progress

In 1992, Antioch University Seattle opened a graduate management program for mid-career managers. Designed as an alternative to the MBA, the program is structured as a learning community in which members (students, faculty and Board) learn together and apply their learning both within the program community and at work. Key elements include the organizing framework of /person, organization and world' and the concept of reflective practice. After its first six months, the program appears to have a large and very personal impact on students. Remaining challenges include accommodating widely diverse student needs and competencies within a cohesive community.
Reconstruction of a Bony Bankart Lesion: Best Fit Based on Radius of Curvature

Background:The inferior coracoid process has traditionally been considered to be the gold standard for glenoid augmentation after anteroinferior bone loss. Other autograft sites, and more recently, osteochondral allograft sites, have been described as potential donor sources.Purpose:Potential autograft and osteochondral allograft sites were compared to identify the graft source that would provide the best fit for glenoid augmentation.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Mose circles, a geometric tool found on a standard goniometer, were used to make radius of curvature measurements of 10 anatomic locations in 17 cadaveric specimens. The bony surface of the glenoid, measured from superior to inferior (G-SI) and from anterior to posterior (G-AP), was used as the standard for comparison. Autograft sites were the inferior coracoid, lateral coracoid, and inner table of the iliac crest. Potential osteochondral allograft sites were the radial head, scaphoid fossa of the distal radius (S-DR), lunate f...
UCLA's new bi-polar planar near-field antenna measurement facility

A novel customized bipolar planar near-field antenna measurement technique is presented. The bipolar near-field scanner incorporates an axially rotating test antenna and a rotating probe-carrying arm to sample the near-field on a data grid consisting of concentric circles and radial arcs. This technique offers a large scan plane size with reduced "real estate" requirements and a simple mechanical implementation resulting in a highly accurate and cost-effective antenna measurement and diagnostic system. This paper gives an introduction to the technique and a description of the unique hardware implementation at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). It examines the data processing algorithms that have been developed and customized to exploit the unique features of bipolar planar near-field measurements. Holographic imaging for determination of antenna aperture fields has been incorporated to facilitate antenna diagnostics. Measured results are compared with a far-field range and a plane-rectangular planar near-field range to verify the implementation and validate the method. Excellent agreement was obtained for both the co-polarized and cross-polarized fields. >
Four Types of Premarital Couples: An Empirical Typology Based on PREPARE

This study identified 4 types of engaged couples from a sample of 5,030 couples, using the premarital inventory PREPARE. Profiles were derived using a 3-stage clustering analytic procedure, including an exploratory cluster analysis, a replication of the exploratory results, and a crossvalidation analysis, all of which indicated that the 4-cluster solution was the best. The VITALIZED couples (28%) reported high scores on all dimensions. HARMONIOUS couples (27%) had moderately positive relationship quality. TRADITIONAL couples (23%) had moderately low intrarelationship scores but scored higher on scales assessing planning for marriage. CONFLICTED couples (22%) were characterized by pervasively low scores.
Fostering reflective writing and interactive exchange through blogging in an advanced language course

Blog technology is a potential medium for encouraging reflective writing through self-expression and interactive exchange through social networking. This paper reports on a study using blogs as out-of-class assignments for the development of learners’ language competence. The study involved seventeen university students at advanced level who kept personal blogs over a14-week period. Data collected from blog pages, post surveys and final interviews reported affordances and challenges of using blogs for personal expression and collaborative interaction. The results showed that regularly creating blog entries had a positive impact on learners’ writing fluency and increased their motivation to write for a broad audience. Importantly, a four-skill integrated approach to task-based activities afforded opportunities for students to use the target language for blogging. The findings also indicate that peer feedback on the content prompted further discussion, whereas linguistic feedback from the instructor encouraged focus on form for language accuracy. The study concludes that learners’ critical thinking and technological skills are essential for the implementation of blog projects in L2 instruction.
Hysteresis behavior of t-stub connections with superelastic shape memory fasteners

Abstract This study compares the energy dissipative characteristics of bolted t-stub connections using steel and shape memory alloy (SMA) fasteners. The initial phase of the study focused on the optimization of the SMA superelastic effect using two different heat treatment temperatures. The samples were then subjected to tensile testing to determine transformation stress, tensile strength, and fracture strain. In addition, low cycle fatigue tests were conducted to examine the energy dissipative characteristics of these superelastic SMAs heat treated at the two temperatures. The cycled samples were then tensile tested to determine the effect of fatigue cycling on transformation stress, tensile strength, and fracture strain. Results from the mechanical tests were analyzed to determine the preferred heat treatment temperature that resulted in the least residual strain and the largest energy dissipative characteristics. The second phase of the study involved t-stub connection testing using steel and SMA double-ended threaded rod fasteners. The optimum heat treatment determined in the first phase was used to develop the SMA fasteners for the t-stub connection tests. Experimental hysteresis results from the t-stub connection tests were used to compare the energy dissipation capacity of the connections with SMA and steel fasteners.
Propagation aspects of importance to packet data frequency reuse system simulation

Procedures for simulating frequency reuse, multiple-access packet data systems are discussed. Due to the random access nature typical of packet data protocols, the characterization of interference is more complex than for voice systems. Specifically, angle of arrival difference (AAD) correlations among lognormal shadowing deviations must account for the possibility of multiple interference sources residing in single cells. For collision resolution, the authors relate block error probability to link quality (taken as average signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio, C/(I+N)) through an offset exponential form and the quasi-static approximation. For one particular QPSK trellis-coded transmission scheme, the block error impact of using C/N, rather than C/I, is shown to be conservative, as is the quasi-static approximation.
AmineDB: large scale docking of amines with CYP2D6 and scoring for druglike properties--towards defining the scope of the chemical defense against foreign amines in humans.

Organic amines are prevalent in nature and in drugs, especially the psychotherapeutic agents, and a major defense against potentially toxic amines is metabolism by CYP2D6. In order to understand better the constraints on the broad specificity of CYP2D6, 4207 amines were docked into the binding site of this enzyme. Docking poses were found predominantly with the positively charged amino groups closest to Asp301, with aromatic rings close to Phe120 and sometimes extending as far as Phe483. Organic amines that bind best to CYP2D6 tend to have larger molecular weights and logP values. Organic amines that score highly as being druglike, based on a Bayesian model constructed using a 5223-drug training set, are least likely to bind to CYP2D6. This correlation suggests that the set of known drugs, which have been largely designed or selected to avoid high affinity CYP binding, partially encodes the binding site preferences (or rather anti-preferences) of CYP2D6. Finally, in order to benchmark our docking and drug...
Pseudodifferential Operators and Their Fredholm Properties

Pseudodifferential operators are a natural extension of linear integral and partial differential operators. The theory of such operators grew out of the study of singular integral operators by Giraud, Mikhlin, Calderon and Zygmund, among others. It developed rapidly after 1965 with the systematic studies of Kohn and Nirenberg [114], Hormander, and other researchers. This theory has found many fields of application. In particular, all the boundary integral operators corresponding to the elliptic boundary value problems studied in this book are such operators. By using such a theory, the analysis of boundary integral equations and boundary element methods can be either greatly simplified or presented in a more general and elegant form.
Differential Regulation of Progesterone Receptor-Mediated Transcription by CDK2 and DNA-PK

Progesterone receptor (PR) function is altered by cell signaling, but the mechanisms of kinase-specific regulation are not well defined. To examine the role of cell signaling in the regulation of PR transcriptional activity, we have utilized a previously developed mammalian-based estrogen-response element promoter array cell model and automated cell imaging and analysis platform to visualize and quantify effects of specific kinases on different mechanistic steps of PR-mediated target gene activation. For these studies, we generated stable estrogen-response element array cell lines expressing inducible chimeric PR that contains a swap of the estrogen receptor-α DNA-binding domain for the DNA-binding domain of PR. We have focused on 2 kinases important for steroid receptor activity: cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and DNA-dependent protein kinase. Treatment with either a Cdk1/2 inhibitor (NU6102) or a DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (NU7441) decreased hormone-mediated chromatin decondensation and transcriptional activity. Further, we observed a quantitative reduction in the hormone-mediated recruitment of select coregulator proteins with NU6102 that is not observed with NU7441. In parallel, we determined the effect of kinase inhibition on hormone-mediated induction of primary and mature transcripts of endogenous genes in T47D breast cancer cells. Treatment with NU6102 was much more effective than NU7441, in inhibiting induction of PR target genes that exhibit a rapid increase in primary transcript expression in response to hormone. Taken together, these results indicate that the 2 kinases regulate PR transcriptional activity by distinct mechanisms.
Surgical management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Survival and functional outcomes

Background The purpose of this study was to further define the impact of primary surgery in the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods Two hundred ninety-six patients with oropharyngeal SCC treated with primary surgery were included. Multivariable analysis and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) identified predictors of survival and gastrostomy tube presence. Results Multivariable analysis identified that HPV negativity (p = .0002), presence of extranodal extension (p = .0025), and advanced T classification (p = .0081) were independent predictors of survival. For HPV-positive patients, surgical approach (p = .0111) and margin status (p = .0287) were significant predictors of survival. For HPV-negative patients, extranodal extension (p = .0021) and advanced T classification (p = .0342) were significant predictors of survival. Smoking status and advanced neck disease did not impact survival, and the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy did not confer survival benefit in HPV-positive or HPV-negative subgroups. Conclusion Independent predictors of survival are unique in patients with oropharyngeal SCC treated with primary surgery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1794–E1802, 2016
How to Strengthen the Interim Iran Deal

The precise terms of the draft interim Iran deal with Iran have not been made public. Based on press reports, this paper identifies several key gaps in the draft which US negotiators are hopefully working to close.
Clinical practice: How physicians make medical decisions and why medical decision making can help

Medical decision making (MDM) contains tools that can contribute to the skill and expertise of physicians. MDM is especially useful for primary care physicians. Practicing in this clinical world is practicing in a world of great uncertainty--the world in which many of these tools were designed to be useful.
The Birth of the Unpublished Public Domain and Its International Implications

On January 1, 2003, a small, quiet historic transformation took place throughout the United States: unpublished works in mass came into the public domain for the first time. Section 302 of the 1976 Copyright Act created a unified system of duration, whereby unpublished and published works carry a term of life of the author plus seventy years. In order to aid with a transition from a state common law perpetual system to a "limited Times" federal statutory system, the 1976 Copyright Act built two mechanisms for change in the form of Section 303(a). First, Section 303(a) guarantees that no work would go into the public domain until after December 31, 2002, regardless of how long the author had been deceased. Second, the Copyright Act in Section 303(a) provided an incentive for unpublished works created but not published before 1978. If the unpublished work was published for the first time between January 1, 1978 and December 31, 2002, the new published work (protecting therefore the published portions of the unpublished work) would be granted further protection until December 31, 2047. What this means is that as of January 1, 2003, all unpublished works, by authors who had been deceased longer than seventy years, or in other words, had been deceased before January 1, 1933, were now in the public domain. This paper explores the legal elements of this change, both in a domestic as well as international context.
Abstract C54: Reducing time-to-treatment in underserved Latinas with breast cancer: The Six Cities Study

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of Latina cancer deaths. Time from diagnosis to treatment is critical in optimizing care. Patient navigation (PN) holds promise for timely breast cancer treatment promotion, yet efficacy among underserved women is insufficiently documented. Methods: Redes En Accion: The National Latino Cancer Research Network evaluated a theory-driven, culturally-sensitive PN program for Latinas with breast cancer in six U.S. cities. We analyzed 109 Latinas diagnosed with breast cancer from July 2008-January 2011 (42 navigated, 67 controls). We evaluated proportions of women treated within 30 and 60 days of diagnosis and overall time to treatment. Women were navigated by locally trained navigators, or non-navigated. Kaplan-Meier, Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to determine group differences. Results: A higher percentage of navigated subjects initiated treatment within 30 days (66.7% versus 56.7%, p=0.045) and 60 days (97.8% versus 78.4%, p=0.021). Overall navigated women experienced shorter time to treatment initiation (HR=1.60, p=0.000). These results were independent of stage at diagnosis, cancer clinic and participant characteristics. Five navigator activities were associated with faster treatment times: accompaniment (p=0.006), transportation arrangements (p=0.013), patient telephone support (generally emotional support, p=0.034), patient-family telephone support (p=0.030), and Spanish-English language translation services (p=0.002). Conclusions: Patient-centered navigation to assist Latina women with breast cancer diagnoses increases the proportion of women beginning treatment within 30 and 60 days of diagnosis and significantly reduces overall time from diagnosis to treatment. Improvement appears to be associated with specific navigator activities. Citation Format: Amelie G. Ramirez, Eliseo J. Perez-Stable, Frank Penedo, Gregory A. Talavera, J. Emilio Carillo, Maria F. Fernandez, Alan E.C. Holden, Edgar Munoz, Kipling Gallion. Reducing time-to-treatment in underserved Latinas with breast cancer: The Six Cities Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C54. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C54
Sex Identification of Barred Plymouth Rock Baby Chicks by Down, Shank, and Beak Characteristics

Abstract POULTRYMEN have been interested in segregating male and female chicks at hatching time for practical reasons. This has been accomplished by making sex linked crosses involving color of plumage, by mating rapid-feathering males to slow-feathering females, and by observing the copulatory organ, a method of sex prediction known as the Japanese method. Bureau of Animal Industry investigators at the National Agricultural Research Center have been interested for some time in the possibilities of distinguishing the sex of baby chicks, of standard breeds and varieties, by the observation of such external characteristics as down color, down striping, beak color, or shank color. It has been shown previously (Byerly and Quinn, 1936) that spotting and striping may be used to determine sex in Rhode Island Red baby chicks, 84.9 percent of the striped and spotted chicks being females, and 77.8 percent of the non-spotted, non-striped chicks being males. It was also demonstrated . . .
Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive inhibin and gonadotropins following removal of ovarian follicles in the domestic hen.

In the domestic hen, the preovulatory follicles are arranged in a hierarchy. The largest (F1) follicle ovulates first, the second largest (F 2 ) follicle ovulates approximately 26 h later, and so on. The nature of this regulation is not known. Inhibin has been implicated in the feedback regulation of FSH in mammals, and bioactive as well as immunoreactive inhibin has been demonstrated in chickens. The present experiments were conducted with two aims: 1) to determine the plasma level of immunoreactive inhibin in response to removal of various numbers of preovulatory follicles and 2) to assess the gonadotropin response to such follicle removal. In experiment 1, the F (n = 4), F + F, (n = 5), F, + F, + F 3 (n = 5), and F + F, + F3 + F 4 (n = 4) follicles were removed surgically. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Blood samples were taken at time 0 (prior to surgery) and at 6, 24, and 48 h after surgery. In experiment 2, animals were sham-operated (n = 5) or the F,-F4 (n = 4) or F-F4 plus small yellow follicles (SYF; n = 5) were removed. Blood samples were removed at time 0 and at 3, 6, and 24 h and at daily intervals until Day 10 after surgery. In both experiments, plasma immunoreactive inhibin was significantly lowered (p < 0.001) and plasma FSH was acutely increased (p < 0.05) by follicle removal. Plasma LH was decreased at some time points after follicle removal. Time to resumption of lay after follicle removal was decreased relative to the expected interval (6.8 days/9 follicles) in the group with the F,-F 4 + SYF removed in experiment 2, suggesting that follicular growth was stimulated. These two experiments demonstrated suppression of immunoreactive inhibin with increasing numbers of follicles removed. The endocrine relevance of inhibin in the hen is suggested by the specific effect of follicle removal and inhibin decline on plasma FSH level.
THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL SIGNALS: MORPHOLOGICAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND GENETIC INTEGRATION OF THE SEX PHEROMONE IN NAUPHOETA CINEREA.

Social signals that mediate intraspecific interactions can be complex, conveying considerable information concerning the probable behavior of individuals and minimizing overt aggression and wasted energy. In the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea, male-male competition and female mate choice are mediated by a multicomponent male-produced sex pheromone. In this study, I examine variation in this pheromone. First I measure differences among males in both individual pheromone compounds and the overall composition of the pheromone. Principal component analysis is used to quantify and describe pheromone composition. Next, I explore some of the causes and consequences of this variation by examining the pheromone of males with different social experiences. Compared to subordinate males, dominant males have significantly less variable quantities of the individual pheromone compounds and are significantly less variable in the composition of their pheromone. Because of an association between status and mating success, male-male competition can result in stabilizing sexual selection on the sex pheromone. Finally, I test the hypothesis that the pheromone compounds evolve in a manner consistent with their function. As predicted for morphologically integrated characters, the patterns of phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations among my measures of pheromone compounds and composition match functional patterns suggested by this study and the developmental patterns demonstrated in my previous studies. Based on these studies of the N. cinerea sex pheromone, I argue that stabilizing sexual selection shapes the evolution of pheromonal communication involved in social interactions among male N. cinerea. Further, I argue that coordinated evolution of social signals may be possible due to the morphological integration of their multiple compounds.
Information and American Democracy: Political Organizations in the Fourth Information Revolution

INTRODUCTION Between 1995 and 1998, Mike McCurry grew to become one of the most familiar figures occupying the borderland between American political institutions and mass media. As Press Secretary for the Clinton White House, McCurry delivered the White House message and managed press relations during part of Clinton's second term. He had moved to the White House from his position as spokesman for the State Department following the election of 1994. His mission was to shore up the White House press operation after the midterm setback that had returned Republicans to power, and he brought to the job a long resume in media–state relations. He had previously worked as Communications Director of the Democratic National Committee; political strategist for Senator John Glenn, Senator Bob Kerrey, and Governor Bruce Babbitt; and press secretary to the Senate Labor Committee and Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan. In May of 1998, in the middle of the Lewinsky scandal, McCurry resigned. To cover hard feelings with the President, he offered the traditional euphemism of wanting to spend time with his family, but he had in mind a more strategic goal: shifting position in the government–press borderland by becoming a principal in the Washington lobbying and communications firm Public Strategies, Inc. Two and a half years later and one week following the indecisive election day of 2000, McCurry announced another career move. He had accepted the position of CEO of a political Internet business, Grassroots.com.