cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Descriptive Analysis of the Posture and Movement in Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (P02.168)

Objective: To describe the head, trunk, and limb posture and movement of PNES. Background Video EEG monitoring is the gold standard study for the diagnosis of epileptic seizures (ES) from psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). It has been observed that PNES have distinct head, body, and limb posture or movement that are different from ES. There is a need to describe the semiology of PNES in order to help physicians to differentiate non-epileptic and epileptic motor seizures. Design/Methods: 148 video EEGs in 55 adult PNES patients were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed by the investigators. A minimum of 1 and a maximum of 3 videos of a typical seizure per patient were analyzed. The head, body and limbs were described in terms of their posture, movement and synchronicity. Results: Seventy percent (70%) of the patients was female and were between 18-45 years of age. Bilateral flexion and adduction was a common upper limb posture. Open hand, claw or thumbs up formation were common hand postures (bilateral/unilateral). Bilateral or unilateral flexion-extension at the shoulder or elbow was the common movement seen. Bilateral extension and adduction at the hips and knees was the most common lower limb posture. Flexion-extension or adduction-abduction at the hip and knee occurring unilaterally or bilaterally were the common lower limb movements. PNES patients were frequently observed to have a supine posture with their eyes close and their head in midline position and moving side to side. Pelvic thrusting, rocking movement or side to side truncal movement was seen commonly in decreasing frequency. Asynchronous, irregular and waxing waning character of limb movement was a regular feature. Conclusions: PNES have distinct head, body and limb postures and movements. This will be useful in the diagnosis of PNES. Disclosure: Dr. Lardizabal has received personal compensation for activities with UCB Pharmaceuticals and Abbott Pharmaceutical as a speaker. Dr. Bahl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lanigar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sahota has nothing to disclose.
The Fourth BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog (Revised)

The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) has triggered on 1637 cosmic gamma-ray bursts between 1991 April 19 and 1996 August 29. These events constitute the Fourth BATSE burst catalog. The current version (4Br) has been revised from the version first circulated on CD-ROM in 1997 September (4B) to include improved locations for a subset of bursts that have been reprocessed using additional data. A significant difference from previous BATSE catalogs is the inclusion of bursts from periods when the trigger energy range differed from the nominal 50-300 keV. We present tables of the burst occurrence times, locations, peak fluxes, fluences, and durations. In general, results from previous BATSE catalogs are confirmed here with greater statistical significance.
Halide Exchange at Vinylic Position Catalyzed by Copper (1)halide Complexes of Trivalent Phosphorus

Abstract In the course of our recent studies of the direct synthesis of vinylic phosphonates from vinylic halides with copper(I) halide complexes of trialkyl phosphites,1 there was uncovered an accompanying facile halogen exchange reaction. This prompted a further examination of this exchange reaction employing a series of copper(I) halide complexes of triphenyl phosphite and triphenylphosphine.
Phase Transition in a Lattice Model of Superconductivity

Monte Carlo data and duality arguments, applied to a lattice model, are presented which indicate that a three-dimensional type-II superconductor should have a transition asymptotically equivalent to that of a superfluid with reversed temperature axis, and not a first-order transition. Results may apply to the nematic---smectic-$A$ transition.
Preparation and characterization of band nanoelectrodes made of carbonized polyacrylonitrile films

We describe the fabrication and characterization of new nanoband electrodes, based on ultrathin carbon films produced by carbonization of deposited polyacrylonitrile. Because of their controlled thickness (down to molecular dimensions) and high electrical conductivity, such electrodes show great promise for electroanalytical work. Sigmoidal voltammograms, characteristic of nonlinear diffusion, are obtained. Direct measurements in electrolyte-free organic media are illustrated. Effects of band thickness, scan rate, solute and electrolyte concentrations, and other variables are explored. These films and other forms of carbon from polyacrylonitrile present opportunities for a wide range of electrode materials.
Amplified spontaneous emission and recoverable photodegradation in polymer doped with Disperse Orange 11

We report optically pumped lasing action at the attractive wavelength of 650 nm in the common organic dye 1-amino-2-methylanthraquinone (Disperse Orange 11). The dye was incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) rods, and amplified spontaneous emission was studied under second-harmonic Nd:YAG laser excitation in a transverse pumping configuration. Gain and conversion efficiency were found to be comparable with those for other laser dyes. Dye photodegradation was found to be superior and reversible.
Decomposed contour prior for shape recognition

In this paper, we address the problem of representing objects using contours for the purpose of recognition. We propose a novel segmentation method for integrating a new contour matching energy into level set based segmentation schemes. The contour matching energy is represented by major components of Elliptic Fourier shape descriptors and serves as a shape prior to guide the curve evolution. The contours in training dataset serve as templates and are utilized to infer the category of an unknown image based on matching. Our method is evaluated on the UCF sports dataset and Caltech 101 dataset. Experiments show that our method achieves promising recognition accuracy and is robust to noisy low-level features and background clutter.
Thin dielectric sheet simulation by surface integral equation using modified RWG and pulse bases

The conventional thin dielectric sheet surface integral equation, proposed by Harrington and Mautz, is reviewed. Due to its simplicity and inadequency for certain problems, a new surface integral equation is proposed to fill the gap. This new formulation takes both tangential and normal currents into account so that it can handle problems with high and low permittivity and grazing incident waves. Based on the D-field formulation, inhomogeneity and surface charge can be treated correctly. Modelling the geometry by triangles, this surface integral equation is discretized and is suitable for the method of moments to solve. Rao–Wilson–Glisson and pulse functions are employed simultaneously for basis and testing functions and so the moment solution has full descriptions of polarization current in the thin dielectric layer. Several examples are examined by both analytical and other published numerical methods. These results show excellent agreement and demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of this new integral equation.
Contingency and Statistical Laws in Replicate Microbial Closed Ecosystems

Contingency, the persistent influence of past random events, pervades biology. To what extent, then, is each course of ecological or evolutionary dynamics unique, and to what extent are these dynamics subject to a common statistical structure? Addressing this question requires replicate measurements to search for emergent statistical laws. We establish a readily replicated microbial closed ecosystem (CES), sustaining its three species for years. We precisely measure the local population density of each species in many CES replicates, started from the same initial conditions and kept under constant light and temperature. The covariation among replicates of the three species densities acquires a stable structure, which could be decomposed into discrete eigenvectors, or "ecomodes." The largest ecomode dominates population density fluctuations around the replicate-average dynamics. These fluctuations follow simple power laws consistent with a geometric random walk. Thus, variability in ecological dynamics can be studied with CES replicates and described by simple statistical laws.
Universally Convergent Statistical Solution of Pseudorange Equations

: Although the direct GPS solution proposed by Bancroft [1] requires the solution of nonlinear equations, these equations may be manipulated into a smaller number of linear equations that are sufficient to determine the user position when five or more satellites are visible. Because no approximations were required to arrive at this linear form, the resulting solution cannot converge to an incorrect position the way that repeated linearization methods sometimes do. When the measured pseudoranges are noisy, the linear structure allows one to estimate the solution and know the error covariance of the estimate. The conversion to the linear form excludes information present in a single scalar nonlinear measurement equation. We derive several procedures for refining the linear estimate with this remaining information. We also demonstrate extensions of our solution techniques to differential GPS problems.
TEMPORAL DISCRIMINATION AND A FREE-OPERANT PSYCHOPHYSICAL PROCEDURE

Pigeons were presented a series of keylight time periods (separated by blackouts) during which two response keys were lit, one by blue light and the other either by orange or green. Blue-key responses changed the color on the other key. Orange-key responses sometimes produced food during the first half of a time period; green-key responses sometimes produced food during the second half. In three experiments, the probability of a green-key response increased as a function of elapsed time. Experiment 1 compared performance when the duration of the keylight periods was varied across a wide range. Discrimination of performance was similar across the range of durations. Experiment 2 varied both relative reinforcement rate and the local reinforcement rate for orange-key and green-key responses. These manipulations produced changes in response bias but not discrimination sensitivity. Experiment 3 varied the local temporal placement of reinforcers within time periods and demonstrated that choice behavior was affected by differential reinforcement at different points during the time periods. The results were consistent with previous research on duration discrimination that used psychophysical trials procedures.
MyD88 Plays a Critical T Cell-Intrinsic Role in Supporting CD8 T Cell Expansion during Acute Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection

During acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, CD8 T cells rapidly expand and differentiate into effectors that are required for viral clearance. The accumulation of activated T cells is greatly reduced in mice lacking the adaptor molecule MyD88. Although MyD88 has generally been considered to indirectly regulate adaptive immune responses by controlling inflammatory cytokine production and Ag presentation in innate immune cells, in this study, we identify an unappreciated cell-intrinsic role for MyD88 in LCMV-specific CD8 T cells. Using reciprocal adoptive transfer models and bone marrow chimeras, we show that Myd88−/− CD8 T cells are defective in their clonal expansion in response to LCMV infection, independent of their environment. Furthermore, we show that while MyD88 is dispensable for initial activation and division of LCMV-specific CD8 T cells during the early stages of viral infection, MyD88-dependent signals are critical for supporting their survival and sustained accumulation.
Toxicologic studies in a fatal overdose of 2,4-D, MCPP, and chlorpyrifos

A death due to ingestion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (MCPP), and phosphorothioic acid O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) ester (chlorpyrifos) is reported. The clinical course, dose ingested, and plasma levels of the chemicals were compatible with previous fatalities due to chlorophenoxyacetic acids. Chlorpyrifos concentrations and tissue cholinesterase and in esterase inhibitions indicated the presence of the organophosphate and its biochemical effect, but few cholinergic signs were observed clinically. Lymphocytic neurotoxic esterase activity was decreased for a limited period of time after ingestion. Postmortem nervous tissue neurotoxic esterase was also decreased. This association has not been demonstrated before in man. HPLC and GC/NPD methods for measuring chlorophenoxy acetic acids and chlorpyrifos, respectively, are presented.
From Competitive Theorizing Towards a Synthesis in the Global Study of Political Movements: Revisiting the Political Process Model

This article examines cross-national social movement theory for its analytic utility in addressing the critical role that political processes play in social movement mobilization. First it critically reviews recent cross-national research on political movements, highlighting the growing body of literature which confirms the mobilizing role played by political processes. Second, it discusses the essential propositions presented by the three major approaches to the field - the new social movement, resource mobilization and political opportunity - discussing each school's ability to account for the role that politics plays in movement mobilization. Finally, this article argues that of these three models, a reconceptualized, synthetic political process approach represents a more inclusive alternative for arriving at a more generalized understanding of the important interplay between movements and politics.
Is Psychiatry Scientific? A Letter to a 21st Century Psychiatry Resident

During the development of the DSM-5, even the lay press questioned psychiatr's scientific validity. This review provides 21st century psychiatry residents with ways of answering these attacks by defining the concepts and history of psychiatry (a branch of medicine), medicine and science. Psychiatric language has two levels: first, describing symptoms and signs (19th century descriptive psychopathology developed in France and Germany), and second, describing disorders (psychiatric nosology was developed in the early 20th century by Kraepelin and resuscitated by the US neo-Kraepelinian revolution leading to the DSM-III). Science is a complex trial-and-error historical process that can be threatened by those who believe too much in it and disregard its limitations. The most important psychiatric advances, electroconvulsive therapy and major psychopharmacological agents, were discovered by "chance", not by scientific planning. Jaspers's General Psychopathology is a complex 100-year-old book that describes: 1) psychiatric disorders as heterogeneous and 2) psychiatry as a hybrid scientific discipline requiring a combination of understanding (a social science method) and explanation (a natural science method). In the 21st century Berrios reminds us of psychiatry's unfortunate methodological issues due to hybrid symptoms and disorders, some of which are better understood as problems in communication between interacting human beings; in those situations neuroscience methods such as brain imaging make no sense. A new language is needed in psychiatry. East Asian psychiatry residents, who are not particularly attached to the antiquated language currently used, may be particularly equipped for the task of recreating psychiatric language using 21st century knowledge.
Understanding emotions from standardized facial expressions in autism and normal development

The study investigated the recognition of standardized facial expressions of emotion (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, surprise) at a perceptual level (experiment 1) and at a semantic level (experiments 2 and 3) in children with autism (N = 20) and normally developing children (N = 20). Results revealed that children with autism were as able as controls to recognize all six emotions with different intensity levels, and that they made the same type of errors. These negative findings are discussed in relation to (1) previous data showing specific impairment in autism in recognizing the belief-based expression of surprise, (2) previous data showing specific impairment in autism in recognizing fear, and (3) the convergence of findings that individuals with autism, like patients with amygdala damage, pass a basic emotions recognition test but fail to recognize more complex stimuli involving the perception of faces or part of faces.
Considerations in recruiting underscreened women to focus groups on screening for cervical cancer.

This article describes recruitment activities and costs from two independently conducted studies that used similar, systematic approaches to recruiting two subgroups of underscreened women, Black women and Mexican women. The studies varied in number of recruiters, venues of recruitment, and region of the country. The ratio of women approached to women who were underscreened was 4:1 for Black women and 10:1 for Mexican women. Hysterectomy was a predominant reason for ineligibility among Black women but not Mexican women. In both studies, personal networks were the most productive method of identifying women. Flyers and organized community venues were least productive. The cost incurred for identifying a woman who was eligible for a focus group was $145 for Black women and $59 for Mexican women. Those planning research or program activities that include recruiting underscreened women either to focus groups or health services could benefit from this information.
Simulation of the experimental pre-dose technique for retrospective dosimetry in quartz

The pre-dose technique of thermoluminescence for quartz has been used extensively for retrospective dosimetry of quartz and other natural materials. A recently published model that is a modification of the well-known Zimmerman theory is used here to simulate the complete sequence of experimental steps taken during the additive dose version of the pre-dose technique. The results of simulation show how the method can reproduce accurately the accumulated dose or paleodose received by the sample. The solution of the kinetic differential equations elucidates the various electron and hole processes taking place during the experimental pre-dose procedure and shows clearly the mechanism of hole transfer from the reservoir to the luminescence centre caused by heating to the activation temperature. The numerical results show that the pre-dose technique can reproduce the paleodose with an accuracy of1‐5%, even when the paleodose is varied over more than an order of magnitude. New quantitative results are presented for the effect of the test dose and of the calibration beta dose, b, on the accuracy of the pre-dose technique. The conclusions drawn from the simple model for quartz can be used to make improvements to more general quartz models.
Check Digits and the Pentagon

Almost all institutions that rely in a serious way on serial numbers use a check digit scheme to enhance the number and maximize the chance that a computer can detect an error when the number is input. The United States Postal Service, UPS, FedEx, airlines, credit card companies, grocery stores, blood banks, money banks, and driver’s license bureaus. However, all these institutions use imperfect schemes based on normal arithmetic. A perfect scheme, in a sense to be described in §16.2, can be defined if one uses the group of symmetries of a pentagon (a noncommutative group of order 10) to code the 10 digits. In this chapter we will show how the built-in NonCommutativeMultiply operation can be used to do some group theory.
Pathways to Intergenerational Adolescent Childbearing in a High‐Risk Sample

Previous research indicates that children of adolescent mothers are more likely to experience an adolescent birth than are children of older mothers. Using a longitudinal sample of 293 high-risk mothers and their 19-year-old children we investigated mediators of the intergenerational pattern of adolescent childbearing. Results from multigroup path models indicate that the intergenerational effect is (a) significant for children of unmarried mothers above and beyond mothers prebirth socioeconomic status and education level (b) fully mediated through early sexual intercourse related to presence of a father figure and early home environment for girls and (c) partially mediated by early physical development for boys. Relation of findings to current models of early sexual behavior and childbearing is discussed. (authors)
A population-based cohort study of occupational exposure to magnetic fields and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Purpose This cohort study aims to examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks among workers in occupations potentially exposed to magnetic fields (MF). Methods Risks for major CVD mortality by potential job-related MF exposure were examined in a sample of U.S. workers from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study using multivariate proportional hazards models. Results After adjustment for demographic factors, there were no significant excess risks between individuals with medium (0.15 to Conclusion Our study does not provide evidence for an association between occupational MF exposure and CVD mortality risk.
Terrestrial net primary productivity A brief history and a new worldwide database

Consistent data on terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) are urgently needed to constrain model estimates of carbon fluxes and hence to refine our understanding of ecosystem responses to clima...
NAV And Risk: The Case Of REITs

A study is done on Net Asset Value (NAV) of equity REITs from 1993 to 2006. The value (growth) determination of REITs is investigated based on NAV per share as opposed to book value per share since the underlying value of the REITs’ assets (NAV) drives the trading decision. The NAV to Market ratio (NM) is evaluated as a risk measure when used in a Fama-French and Carhart model setting. We find this measure contributes only 0.10% to the REIT risk premium.
The Child's Learning of English Morphology

In this study we set out to discover what is learned by children exposed to English morphology. To test for knowledge of morphological rules, we use nonsense materials. We know that if the subject can supply the correct plural ending, for instance, to a noun we have made up, he has internalized a working system of the plural allomorphs in English, and is able to generalize to new cases and select the right form. If a child knows that the plural of witch is witches, he may simply have memorized the plural form. If, however, he tells us that the plural of * gutch is * gutches, we have evidence that he actually knows, albeit unconsciously, one of those rules which the descriptive linguist, too, would set forth in his grammar. And if children do have knowledge of morphological rules, how does this knowledge evolve? Is there a progression from simple, regular rules to the more irregular and qualified rules that are adequate fully to describe English? In very general terms, we undertake to discover the psychological status of a certain kind of linguistic description. It is evident that the acquisition of language is more than the storing up of rehearsed utterances, since we are all able to say what we have not practiced and what we have never before heard. In bringing descriptive linguistics to the study of language acquisition, we hope to gain knowledge of the systems and patterns used by the speaker. In order to test for children's knowledge of this sort, it was necessary to begin with an examination of their actual vocabulary. Accordingly, the 1000 most frequent words in the first-grader's vocabulary were selected from Rinsland's listing. This listing
Book Review: The Shari'a and Islamic Criminal Justice in Time of War and Peace

In this book, Professor M. Cherif Bassiouni has given us a rich and enlightening account of areas of law that are of particular interest to him, most prominently international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and Islamic law. Two objectives stand out. The first is to locate within shari'a material that harmonizes it with modern conceptions of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. The second, somewhat related, is to advance a position on shari'a that is at odds with that promulgated by a variety of extremist groups and thereby rescue shari'a, as it were, from the jihadists. As a renowned scholar of international law, and a person who has spent decades considering various aspects of Islamic law, Professor Bassiouni is one of the few scholars who is capable of such an ambitious venture. Early on, Professor Bassiouni describes three archetypes of modern Muslim jurists and scholars that proves remarkably useful as a means to explore and evaluate this important work. The first type, and the type that dominates traditional juristic Sunni and Shi'i centers of learning, are "traditionalist-fundamentalist." Professor Bassiouni describes them as "essentially literalists" who either adhere "to the letter of the Qur'an," or, at best, "urge the application of solutions of earlier times to complex contemporary problems, which is either impractical or impossible." The second type are traditional-reformists, who break from traditional paradigms to find modern solutions in harmony with the general principles of the Qur'an. The third type Professor Bassiouni describes as "reformists" who "innovate interpretations that may have little or no linkage with previous ones."The biggest concern with this compelling and important work is that Professor Bassiouni nowhere describes in which of these camps he happens to fall. He thus embraces the classical tradition at times, seeks to reform it at other times, and abandons it entirely and dismisses it as contrary to Qur'anic dictate in yet other circumstances. This leaves the reader with the impression that the debate over Islam's compatibility with international human rights law and international humanitarian law has less to do with Islam, and more to do with the preexisting worldviews of various proponents of clashing versions of Islam. Those of us comfortable in modernity's embrace of human rights and humanitarian law should be grateful that someone as articulate and erudite as Professor Bassiouni has devoted his time and effort to developing a conception of shari'a consistent with this world view.
The Prevalence and Distribution of Neurodegenerative Compound-Producing Soil Streptomyces spp.

Recent work from our labs demonstrated that a metabolite(s) from the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae caused dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans and human neuroblastoma cells. To evaluate the capacity for metabolite production by naturally occurring streptomycetes in Alabama soils, Streptomyces were isolated from soils under different land uses (agriculture, undeveloped, and urban). More isolates were obtained from agricultural than undeveloped soils; there was no significant difference in the number of isolates from urban soils. The genomic diversity of the isolates was extremely high, with only 112 of the 1509 isolates considered clones. A subset was examined for dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the previously established C. elegans model; 28.3% of the tested Streptomyces spp. caused dopaminergic neurons to degenerate. Notably, the Streptomyces spp. isolates from agricultural soils showed more individual neuron damage than isolates from undeveloped or urban soils. These results suggest a common environmental toxicant(s) within the Streptomyces genus that causes dopaminergic neurodegeneration. It could also provide a possible explanation for diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is widely accepted to have both genetic and environmental factors.
Relationships of the Actinomycetales

The evolutionary scheme herein proposed involves a series of organisms showing morphological and physiological relationships beginning with a sporangial ancestor with motile spores evolving to redu...
The Hypoglycemic Activity of Endotoxin I. Occurrence in Animals Hyperreactive to Endotoxin

SummaryMice were made hyperreactive to endotoxin by BCG infection, zymosan injections, and by adrenalectomy, and the effect of endotoxin on the blood sugar concentration of these animals was determined. All of the mice developed hypoglycemia after small doses of endotoxin and in the BCG mice and in the zymosan-treated mice the hypoglycemia was often of sufficient magnitude to cause death. Efforts to save endointoxicated BCG mice by intermittent glucose administration were unsuccessful, and experiments with diabetic mice showed that the hypoglycemic and lethal effects of endotoxin were not necessarily associated with one another.
A Population Based Confidence Set Inference Method for SNPs that Regulate Quantitative Phenotypes

The increased use of genome-wide association studies based on genetic maps consisting of hundreds of thousands of SNPs has prompted the need for methods that can be used in preliminary analyses to limit the number of SNPs investigated in follow-up studies. I introduce a Confidence Set Inference method for independent individuals that can be used as a first step in association studies to derive a set of SNPs that contribute at least a specific percentage to the total variance of a quantitative trait. The main advantage of the method is that it allows control over the confidence level with which one can identify genes with specific effects on the genetic variance of the trait of interest. Developed in the framework of linear models, the method can efficiently incorporate information on pertinent covariates. I investigate the properties of the method through an extensive simulation study under various simple inheritance models and compare its performance to that of a standard association approach as it is implemented in the software package Merlin.
Second Discussion on the Warning System Against Corporation Financial Risk

The paper analyses how to deal with financing risk through effective management.First,the company should try to identify all potential losses.Secondly,business attempt to avoiding financing risk through effective risk management.At last,the paper put forward some suggestion to build a warning system.
A Water Quality Model of Chlorides in Great Lakes

The increase in the concentration of conservative substances in the Great Lakes is described by a simple time variable equation. The concentration of chlorides is related to the fresh water flow, the volumes of the lakes and the various sources—municipal, industrial, natural background and road de-icing. The increase in concentration since 1900 is presented and projections are made of anticipated concentrations based on various assumptions of control.
A Characteristic-Based Reservoir Simulator with Gravitational Effects

The 'method of characteristics' was proposed as a fast method of reservoir simulation many years ago. When gravitational effects are absent, the method results in a reservoir simulation technique identical to that of currently popular streamline models. However, the characteristic method rigorously includes gravity, whereas the streamline method does not. The characteristic method has never become popular, probably because of the lack of a criterion for locating the flood fronts in multiple dimensions. This problem is widely discussed in the mathematical literature, and seems to have become a classical paradox. This paper describes the use of a local material balance at points throughout the reservoir to establish the location of the front. The availability of this criterion makes the characteristic simulation method practical. The front location technique is fast, taking approximately the same amount of time as locating the constant saturation lines or characteristics. Hence, the method offers the speed of streamline simulators combined with the greater accuracy and versatility resulting from a rigorous treatment of gravitational effects. Examples of simulations from the new characteristic simulator are provided.
Regulation of White Cell Development.

Abstract SCI-9 During hematopoiesis, determination of lineage and maturation to functional leukocytes depend upon cytokine-mediated changes in the transcriptional programs of progenitor and precursor cells. The classic binary branching tree of hematopoiesis now appears to be a more subtle series of gradual changes in differentiation probabilities, with competitive promotion and inhibition of lineage pathways by regulatory transcription factors such as (among others) PU.1, C/EBPα, GFI-1, EGR1/2, and NAB2 for the myeloid lineages and RUNX1, Notch-1, E2A, GATA-3, EBF, and PAX5 for lymphoid cell development. In addition, the recent discovery of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has revealed another, important layer of control of hematopoiesis. The best studied members of this diverse group are the microRNAs, which often down-regulate multiple target transcripts. miRNAs involved in the regulation of myeloid development and function include miR-155, miR-223, and miR-17-19 cluster members. In addition, miR-9, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-181a regulate the responses of immunocytes of the innate and acquired immune systems. Most recently, increasing numbers of long ncRNAs have been identified and found to regulate expression of other genes, both in cis and in trans. EGO (eosinophil granule ontogeny), a 500 base pair spliced, polyadenylated transcript regulates eosinophil granule protein gene expression. HOTAIRM1 (Hox antisense intergenic RNA, myeloid-1), a ∼500 base pair spliced polyadenylated ncRNA, affects neutrophil expression of both contiguous and distant HoxA cluster genes, as well as transcripts for CD18 integrin. Thus the control of white cell development depends not simply on a small number of key transcription factors, but rather on a complex network of interacting protein and ncRNA regulators of the transcriptional and translational programs of cell differentiation and function. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The physician’s experience of changing clinical practice: a struggle to unlearn

Changing clinical practice is a difficult process, best illustrated by the time lag between evidence and use in practice and the extensive use of low-value care. Existing models mostly focus on the barriers to learning and implementing new knowledge. Changing clinical practice, however, includes not only the learning of new practices but also unlearning old and outmoded knowledge. There exists sparse literature regarding the unlearning that takes place at a physician level. Our research objective was to elucidate the experience of trying to abandon an outmoded clinical practice and its relation to learning a new one. We used a grounded theory-based qualitative approach to conduct our study. We conducted 30-min in-person interviews with 15 primary care physicians at the Cleveland VA Medical Center and its clinics. We used a semi-structured interview guide to standardize the interviews. Our two findings include (1) practice change disturbs the status quo equilibrium. Establishing a new equilibrium that incorporates the change may be a struggle; and (2) part of the struggle to establish a new equilibrium incorporating a practice change involves both the “evidence” itself and tensions between evidence and context. Our findings provide evidence-based support for many of the empirical unlearning models that have been adapted to healthcare. Our findings differ from these empirical models in that they refute the static and unidirectional nature of change that previous models imply. Rather, our findings suggest that clinical practice is in a constant flux of change; each instance of unlearning and learning is merely a punctuation mark in this spectrum of change. We suggest that physician unlearning models be modified to reflect the constantly changing nature of clinical practice and demonstrate that change is a multi-directional process.
The Team Approach to Adolescent Pregnancy: The Interdependent Team Approach in Caring for the Pregnant Adolescent

One form of the team approach is concerned with the interdependent functioning of members of various disciplines who work together, not just cooperatively, to improve patient care. This model is particularly applicable to the care of pregnant adolescents. The composition of the team varies with each situation, but there is always a core of workers who share an approach to the patient-based on knowledge of pregnancy, adolescent development, and group process. There are some basic requirements which include responsibility to the team and the ability to communicate clearly and to relate well to others. The advantages of a team committed to high-quality patient care outweigh the dort needed to work out difficulties in working together closely. The team approach is relatively new, and there are some steps that nurses can take to further its effectiveness.
An Optimality–theoretic Account of the Evolution of Intervocalic Sonorants from Latin to Spanish and Portuguese

From Latin to Spanish and Portuguese, the natural class of sonorant consonants – laterals, rhotics, and nasals – often underwent drastic phonological changes. It is noteworthy that the tendency toward dissimilation, in accordance with Dispersion Theory (Flemming 1996; 1997; 2006), effected opposite changes in intervocalic /l/ and /n/. Portuguese favored geminate simplification and singleton lenition (Lief 2006; Malkiel & Alessandri Teixeira 1985), whereas Spanish tended toward geminate palatalization and singleton retention (Lloyd 1987). This study is an expansion of Holt (2007) and presents a diachronic and contrastive analysis of the evolution of intervocalic /l lː n nː/ from Latin to Spanish and Portuguese.
Simulation Mind Games

(1982). Simulation Mind Games. Health Education: Vol. 13, Health Education in the Community, pp. 45-46.
The Safety and Efficacy of an Alcohol-Free Pancreatic Cyst Ablation Protocol

Background & Aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)−guided chemoablation with ethanol lavage followed by infusion of paclitaxel is effective for the treatment of mucinous pancreatic cysts. However, complications arise in 3%−10% of patients, presumably linked to the inflammatory effects of ethanol. We aimed to determine whether alcohol is required for effective pancreatic cyst ablation, if removing alcohol from the ablation process would improve complication rates, and whether a multi-agent chemotherapeutic cocktail could increase the rate of complete cyst resolution compared with findings reported from previous trials using alcohol followed by paclitaxel alone. Methods Between November 2011 and December 2016, we conducted a single-center, prospective, double-blind trial of 39 patients with mucinous-type pancreatic cysts. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups that underwent EUS-guided pancreatic cyst lavage with either 80% ethanol (control) or normal saline (alcohol-free group). Cysts in both groups were then infused with an admixture of paclitaxel and gemcitabine. Primary outcomes were the rates of complete ablation 12 months after the procedure, and rates of serious and minor adverse events within 30 days of the procedure. Results At 12 months, 67% of patients who underwent alcohol-free EUS-guided cyst chemoablation had complete ablation of cysts compared with 61% of patients in the control group. Serious adverse events occurred in 6% of patients in the control group vs none of the patients in the alcohol-free group. Minor adverse events occurred in 22% of patients in the control group and none of the patients in the alcohol-free group. The overall rate of complete ablation was 64%. Conclusions In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, we found that alcohol is not required for effective EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation, and when alcohol is removed from the ablation process, there is a significant reduction in associated adverse events. A multi-agent chemotherapeutic ablation admixture did not appear to significantly improve rates of complete ablation compared with the current standard of alcohol lavage followed by paclitaxel alone. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01475331.
Electronic Health Records Associated With Lower Hospital Mortality After Systems Have Time To Mature

Evidence linking electronic health record (EHR) adoption to better care is mixed. More nuanced measures of adoption, particularly those that capture the common incremental approach of adding functions over time in US hospitals, could help elucidate the relationship between adoption and outcomes. We used data for the period 2008–13 to assess the relationship between EHR adoption and thirty-day mortality rates. We found that baseline adoption was associated with a 0.11-percentage-point higher rate per function. Over time, maturation of the baseline functions was associated with a 0.09-percentage-point reduction in mortality rate per year per function. Each new function adopted in the study period was associated with a 0.21-percentage-point reduction in mortality rate per year per function. We observed effect modification based on size and teaching status, with small and nonteaching hospitals realizing greater gains. These findings suggest that national investment in hospital EHRs should yield improvements i...
Optimal Management of the Patient With an Open Distal Femur Fracture

Open fractures of the distal femur present several challenges to the treating surgeon as well as the patient. Patients who sustain this injury are at risk for a variety of complications including nonunion, malunion, post-traumatic arthritis, limited function, need for multiple surgical procedures and in some cases, amputation. This article will review initial care of the injured patient, important facets of open fracture care, management of injured soft tissues, strategies for internal fixation in order to optimize outcomes and minimize complications. Additionally, management of nonunion and malunion of the distal femur, including the role for creation of anticipated nonunion following aggressive debridement of nonviable bone, are addressed.
Pulsatile Glenn as long-term palliation for single ventricle physiology patients.

Objective There are limited studies analyzing pulsatile Glenn as a long-term palliation strategy for single ventricle patients. This study sought to determine their outcomes at a single institution. Design A retrospective review was performed. Setting Study performed at a single pediatric hospital. Patients All single ventricle patients who underwent pulsatile Glenn from 1995 to 2016 were included. Outcome measures Pulsatile Glenn failure was defined as takedown, transplant, or death. Further palliation was defined as Fontan, 1.5, or biventricular repair. Risk factors were assessed by Cox multivariable competing risk analyses. Results Seventy-eight patients underwent pulsatile Glenn at age 9 months (interquartile range, 5-14). In total, 28% had heterotaxy, 18% had a genetic syndrome, and 24% had an abnormal inferior vena cava. There were 3 (4%) perioperative mortalities. Further palliation was performed in 41 (53%) patients with a median time-to-palliation of 4 years (interquartile range, 3-5). Pulsatile Glenn failure occurred in 10 (13%) patients with 8 total mortalities. Five- and 10-year transplant-free survival were 91% and 84%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 6 years (interquartile range, 2-8), 27 patients (35%) remained with PG (age 7 years [interquartile range, 3-11], oxygen saturation 83% ± 4%). Preoperative moderate-severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) (hazard ratio 7.77; 95% confidence interval 1.80-33.43; P =.005) and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (hazard ratio 2.59; 95% confidence interval 1.08-6.15; P =.031) were predictors of pulsatile Glenn failure after adjusting for covariates. Reaching further palliation was less likely in patients with preoperative moderate-severe AVVR (hazard ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.59; P =.002). Conclusion Pulsatile Glenn can be an effective tool to be used in challenging circumstances, these patients can have a favorable long-term prognosis without reducing their suitability for further palliation.
Discourse, genealogy and methods of text selection in international relations

Discourse analysis, once the purview of critical theories of international politics, has emerged as a mainstream methodology for understanding international relations. While interest in such perspe...
100Gbps CWDM4 Silicon Photonics Transmitter for 5G Applications

A 100Gbps CWDM4 silicon photonics transmitter with four heterogeneously integrated distributed feedback lasers on 20 nm wavelength grids has been demonstrated for 5G wireless front-haul applications over a temperature range of −20°C to 95°C.
Inner workings of gene folding

The eukaryotic genome is far more than a simple DNA polymer that encodes the sequences of proteins. The genome, or the ensemble of DNA together with all its associated proteins, is an information-processing machine that helps regulate the transcription of the very genes encoded within the DNA. Chromosomes fold in three dimensions, bringing together segments of DNA separated by great genomic distances; this architecture plays an important role in controlling gene transcription. In different cell types within a single organism, the same chromosomes assume different spatial conformations. In PNAS, Bascom et al. (1) investigate how genes fold in three dimensions using data-driven physical simulations. The elemental unit of chromosomal organization is the nucleosome: 147 bp of DNA tightly wrapped around eight histone proteins (two copies each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). Histone proteins undergo a vast repertoire of covalent posttranslational modifications on many of their residues, particularly along the flexible N-terminal domain typically referred to as the histone tail. These epigenetic modifications affect the structural dynamics of histones (2) and are known to be involved in gene regulation and to correlate with genome architecture (3). A DNA linker connects nucleosomes to one another; the length of the linker region is variable and also known to affect the structural organization of the genome. A third factor that affects the structural dynamics of the chromatin fiber is the binding of another protein of the histone family, the linker histone, to the DNA. Bascom et al. (1) integrate the experimental … [↵][1]1Email: michele.dipierro{at}rice.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Exponential Quadratic BSDEs with infinite activity Jumps

In this paper, we study a Backward Stochastic Differential Equation with Jumps (BSDEJs in short) where the jumps have infinite activity. Following a forward approach based on Exponential Quadratic semimartingale, we prove the existence of solution of Quadratic BSDEJs with unbounded terminal condition and quadratic growth in z.
Effects of overwintering temperatures on the escape response in cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus).

Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) are a temperate labrid species that inhabit the Western Atlantic and experience temperatures ranging from 0°C to 25°C. During autumn, once temperatures drop below 10°C in Long Island Sound, cunner find shelter and enter a state of quiescence. Previous work has shown that acclimation to low temperatures limits the performance of locomotor musculature, which significantly lowers steady swimming capabilities. We aimed to understand how the escape response (C-start) might be impacted by temperatures experienced by cunner in Long Island Sound over the course of a year. Escape responses were recorded at 250 frames/s at 20°C, 15°C, 10°C, and 5°C. Average peak velocities and accelerations were faster in fish acclimated to 20°C than to 5°C and 10°C. Despite taking a similar turn angle to 10°C and 15°C fish, the 5°C treatment group took longer to complete the C-start, which might make them more susceptible to predation at this temperature. Based on these results it appears that the escape response is reduced at cold temperatures. Previous research has shown that locomotor musculature performance is significantly reduced at cold temperatures, which could explain the results seen here. The decrease in escape performance at cold temperatures could explain their state of extended torpor as the slowed C-start at these cold temperatures might make them more susceptible to predation.