cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Residual fiber passage rate studies in ruminants using free and fiber attached metal dietary markers

The passage of ingested food through the alimenatary tract of the ruminant has been indicated as an important variable affecting the level of forage intake and utilization of dietary nutrients. Rare earth elements and certain heavy metals have begun to be used more routinely in passage studies because of their indigestibility and analytical specificity. Gold-resin complexes, although indigestible, are not intimately associated with ingesta particulate matter as indicated by comparisons with stained particle appearance rates. Comparisons of adsorbed rare earth cerium and stained particles show similar behavior, although simple infusion methods of rare earths in solution appear rather non-specific in their attachment character. Mordanted metal complexes of chromium when compared to cerium adsorbed particulate matter shows somewhat slower passage characteristics.
Broadly Sampled Multigene Analyses Yield a Well-Resolved Eukaryotic Tree of Life

An accurate reconstruction of the eukaryotic tree of life is essential to identify the innovations underlying the diversity of microbial and macroscopic (e.g., plants and animals) eukaryotes. Previous work has divided eukaryotic diversity into a small number of high-level “supergroups,” many of which receive strong support in phylogenomic analyses. However, the abundance of data in phylogenomic analyses can lead to highly supported but incorrect relationships due to systematic phylogenetic error. Furthermore, the paucity of major eukaryotic lineages (19 or fewer) included in these genomic studies may exaggerate systematic error and reduce power to evaluate hypotheses. Here, we use a taxon-rich strategy to assess eukaryotic relationships. We show that analyses emphasizing broad taxonomic sampling (up to 451 taxa representing 72 major lineages) combined with a moderate number of genes yield a well-resolved eukaryotic tree of life. The consistency across analyses with varying numbers of taxa (88–451) and levels of missing data (17–69%) supports the accuracy of the resulting topologies. The resulting stable topology emerges without the removal of rapidly evolving genes or taxa, a practice common to phylogenomic analyses. Several major groups are stable and strongly supported in these analyses (e.g., SAR, Rhizaria, Excavata), whereas the proposed supergroup “Chromalveolata” is rejected. Furthermore, extensive instability among photosynthetic lineages suggests the presence of systematic biases including endosymbiotic gene transfer from symbiont (nucleus or plastid) to host. Our analyses demonstrate that stable topologies of ancient evolutionary relationships can be achieved with broad taxonomic sampling and a moderate number of genes. Finally, taxon-rich analyses such as presented here provide a method for testing the accuracy of relationships that receive high bootstrap support (BS) in phylogenomic analyses and enable placement of the multitude of lineages that lack genome scale data.
Wavelength conversion using an integrated DFB laser-phase shifter

A method of wavelength conversion with signal reshaping (2R regeneration) is proposed based on injection of probe light into an integrated distributed feedback laser-phase shifter. The conversion is based on optically induced mode hopping between the two dominant modes of the laser. The wavelength hop is extremely discrete, leading to a significant improvement in extinction ratio of greater than 25 dB under static conditions. This gives rise to excellent signal reshaping potential. The mode hop can be induced by probe light varying from 1480 to 1580 nm, showing the large conversion bandwidth of this scheme. We also observe optical bistability in our experiment.
Divergent Reactions to Convergent Strategies: Investor Beliefs and Analyst Reactions During Technological Change

An important outcome of technological change is industry "convergence," as a new technology spurs competition between established firms from different industries. We study the reactions of securities analysts, as important sources of institutional pressures for firms, to the similar product/market strategies undertaken by firms from different prior industries responding to industry convergence. Our empirical setting is the convergence between the wireline telecommunications and cable television industries in the period following the advent of voice over Internet protocol technology. Controlling for firm financial performance and capabilities, we find that analysts were consistently more positive toward the cable firms than toward the wireline telecom firms. Our findings further show that this divergence in reactions arises from differences in existing investor expectations and preferences concerning how firms create value; stocks owned by investors with a greater preference for growth receive more positive reactions than those owned by investors with a greater preference for margins. However, this divergence in reactions shrinks over time as convergence unfolds and as investors shift their shareholdings in response to misalignment between their preferences and firms' strategic changes. Reactions from analysts-reflecting inertial expectations of investors-may persist for a time despite changes to firms' strategies, thus creating challenges for some firms in responding to technological change and industry convergence while legitimating and enabling similar responses from their competitors.
Survey of hardware platforms for an energy efficient implementation of matching pursuits algorithm for shallow water networks

Coral reefs worldwide are in serious decline. Underwater wireless sensor networks may be the answer to providing the persistent monitoring presence needed to obtain the data necessary to better understand how to protect these ecosystems for the future. Many advances have been made in underwater acoustic communication devices for underwater wireless sensor networks, but a major challenge that still remains is obtaining an energy efficient modem design. To begin to address this challenge, we implement the Matching Pursuits algorithm for channel estimation, an energy consuming portion of an existing underwater acoustic modem designed for shallow water networks, on a variety of hardware platforms. We determine that a dedicated field programmable gate array (FPGA) intellectual property core provides the most energy efficient hardware platform for Matching Pursuits which motivates future work to port the entire modem design to an FPGA for an energy efficient modem design.
The Biases of Binary Data: Partisan and Revolving Door Ties in a Count-Edge Network of Health Reform Lobbyists

At least since Heclo (1978), political scientists have recognized the important role that lobbyists play in the issue networks that shape public policy. Most of that research has focused on the connections between lobbyists and legislators, but an important and related line of research investigates the networks that tie interest groups to each other. We contribute to this research by applying a relatively new methodology to a dataset that captures both the presence and magnitude of inter-lobbyist communications. A variant of the Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM), this technology allows one to conduct a statistical regression on a network where edges between nodes in the network have non-dichotomous count values (so-called count ERGMs). We demonstrate that the common practice of thresholding one’s valued network data to create an effectively binary network for ERGM estimation can bias the inferences one draws about two factors affecting lobbyists’ ties: revolving door background and party homophily.
Nonreward confinement duration: The complement of reward magnitude

Forty-eight rats were trained in the runway for 10 trials each day for 18 days under a 50% partial reinforcement schedule, confinement duration on the non-reinforced trials being either 10 sec. or 50 sec. Half of each group was extinguished under 10-sec. confinement (10-10, 50-10), half under 50-sec. (50-50, 10-50), there being seven days of extinction at six trials each day. Terminal extinction level was affected by confinement. A variety of hypotheses were applied to the results.
Digoxin Inhibits Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Mice, but Causes Severe Retinal Degeneration.

Purpose Digoxin, a major medication for heart disease, was recently reported to have immunosuppressive capacity. Here, we determined the immunosuppressive capacity of digoxin on the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and on related immune responses.
Simulation on Electrical Characteristics of DC Deep Earthing Electrode in Project Application

The advantage of small occupation area of deep earthing electrode will help to solve the difficulty of site selection. Considering the operation conditions of Northwest Yunnan HVDC project system,selecting the soil parameters of Shunzhou and Yulongling,the influence of the grounding DC current,the depth of the electrode,the diameter of the coke and the number of earthing electrodes on the grounding resistance,the step potential difference,the leak current density and its appear site are analyzed. The results showthat the impedance and the step potential difference can meet the safety requirements with a deep earthing electrode of length of 1 000 m and depth of 40 m,while the leak current density is too large; the leak current density is unevenly distributed along the depth which is influenced by the uneven characteristics of soil resistivity; the leak current density can be significantly reduced by burying the electrode in uniform soil,increasing the diameter of the coke,or increasing the number of electrodes.
Perspectives on the evaluation of the rationality in the application of the enteric-coated macrolides antibiotics preparations

As many issues existed in the application and the registration of enteric-coated macrolides antibiotics preparations,we present our insights into the rationality in this type of the preparations,provide case discussions,and offer the essential principles in the evaluation in this paper.
Developmental aspects of NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists in the central nervous system

Electrophysiologic responses to the glutamate agonist analogue N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) are enhanced in the developing nervous system compared to responses in the adult. Neurotoxicity mediated by comparable amounts of NMDA and its endogenous analogue quinolinate is more than 50 times greater in the 7-day-old rat brain than in the adult. NMDA antagonist drugs reduce this neurotoxicity with the same spectrum of activity with which they prevent injury from hypoxic-ischemic damage. The greater vulnerability of the immature brain to NMDA mediated injury is probably related to the enhanced role that NMDA mechanisms play in long-term potentiation and activity-dependent plasticity during development.
Occupational stressors and job performance: An updated review and recommendations.

This chapter provides an updated review of research examining the relationship between occupational stressors and job performance. We begin by presenting an eight-category taxonomy of workplace stressors and we then review theories that explain the relationships between workplace stressors and job performance. The subsequent literature review is divided into two sections. In the first section, we present a summary of Jex's (1998) review of research on the job stress–job performance relationship. In the second section, we provide an updated review of the literature, which includes studies that have been published since 1998. In this review, we evaluate how well the contemporary research has dealt with weaknesses and limitations previously identified in the literature, we identify and evaluate current trends, and we offer recommendations and directions for future research.
Political Literacy in Composition and Rhetoric: Defending Academic Discourse Against Postmodern Pluralism, Donald Lazere: Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2015. 342 pages. $40.00 paperback

Much recent composition scholarship has focused on pedagogies of personal writing, championing students’ own languages, and discursive communities. In Political Literacy in Composition and Rhetoric...
Software Testing in Industry and Academia: A View of Both Sides in Japan

Collaboration between industry and academia is important for solving problems and creating innovations. Both sides of industry and academia are important for each other, but sometimes they are incompatible. In this paper, we discuss software testing in industry and academia from their respective views in Japan on the basis of the author's experiences and studies. High quality software is required and its industry is influenced by economic circumstances. In Japan, there are also problems regarding cost reductions, production of high quality software, adapting businesses, and so on. We have made efforts to solve these problems by collaborating with people in both industry and academia. Our efforts include developing test methodologies, skill standards, education syllabi, and so on.
Aquinas on the Metaphysics of the Hypostatic Union

The hypostatic union of Christ, namely his being simultaneously human and divine, is one of the founding doctrines of Christian theology. In this book Michael Gorman presents the first full-length treatment of Aquinas's metaphysics of the hypostatic union. After setting out the historical and theological background, he examines Aquinas's metaphysical presuppositions, explains the basic elements of his account of the hypostatic union, and then enters into detailed discussions of four areas where it is more difficult to get a clear understanding of Aquinas's views, arguing that in some cases we must be content with speculative reconstructions that are true to the spirit of Aquinas's thought. His study pays close attention to the Latin texts and their chronology, and engages with a wide range of secondary literature. It will be of great interest to theologians as well as to scholars of metaphysics and medieval thought.
Optical transmission in single crystal silicon diselenide

Abstract Single crystal filament type samples of silicon diselenide, SiSe2, have been prepared by vapor deposition. The crystal system is body-centered orthorhombic belonging to the C42 structure type. Optical absorption measurements over the wavelength range 0.45 to 2.2 μ were made with the incident radiation polarized both parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis, the direction of length in the growth habit of the single crystals. Analysis of the absorption curves indicates the material to be an indirect band gap semiconductor with Eg⩽ 1.73 ± 0.05 eV. Semiconductor behavior has been predicted for materials belonging to the C42 structure type.
Prosody in speech as a source of referential information

Although prosody has primarily been assumed to convey information regarding linguistic structure and speakers’ emotional state, increasing evidence suggests that prosody also conveys referential de...
Building Bridges with Biblical Counselors

Few bridges exist between the fields of biblical counseling and Christian psychology. Even in the 1970s, at the height of the debate, dialogue was scarce and limited to public literary attacks. Tod...
Review of The Trusted Leader: Building the Relationships That Make Government Work

Editor’s Note. The year 2011 marks the 65th anniversary of America’s preeminent international educational exchange program, the Fulbright Scholar Program. In recognition of the international impact...
Relational Frame Theory: An Overview of the Controversy

Although Skinner's Verbal Behavior (1957) was published over 50 years ago, behavior-analytic research on human language and cognition has been slow to develop. In recent years, a new behavioral approach to language known as relational frame theory (RFT) has generated considerable attention, research, and debate. The controversy surrounding RFT can be difficult to fully appreciate, partly because of the complexity of the theory itself and partly because the debate has spanned several years and several journals. The current paper aims to provide a concise overview of RFT and a summary of key points of debate and controversy.
A usability problem: conveying health risks to consumers on the Internet.

Effectively designing risk information for the public is challenging and selecting the appropriate medium to deliver disease risk information is crucial. In a usability evaluation of a colon cancer risk website, we evaluated the public’s understanding and interpretation of graphical displays of risk information (2 bar graphs). Results from this study suggest that many people do not understand risk and often misinterpret graphical displays of risk and associated terminology. This work shows the importance of not only including representational analysis within user-centered design of consumer health websites, but also evaluating the health and numerical literacy levels of these websites as an aspect of usability testing.
A new technique to measure and track blood resistivity in intracardiac impedance volumetry

Objective. To propose and verify a technique by which blood resistivitycan be measured continuously and instantaneously with a conductance catheterused to measure ventricular volume by intracardiac impedance volumetry.Methods. Intracardiac impedance volumetry involves the measurement ofventricular blood volume using a multi-electrode conductance catheter.Ventricular volume measurement with the conductance catheter requires thevalue of blood resistivity. Previously, blood resistivity has beendetermined by drawing a sample of blood and measuring resistivity in aseparate measuring cell. A new technique is proposed that allows theresistivity of blood to be measured with the conductance catheter itself.Two adjacent electrodes of the catheter are chosen to establish a localizedelectric field. With a localized field, the resistance measured between theadjacent electrodes bears a constant ratio (resistivity ratio) to theresistivity of blood. Finite element cylindrical models with excitingelectrodes were created to determine the resistivity ratio. Bloodresistivity was determined by dividing the resistance found due to thelocalized electric field by the resistivity ratio. The proposed scheme wasverified in cylindrical physical models and in in vivo canine hearts.Results. Finite element simulations showed the resistivity ratio to be 1.30and 1.43 for two custom-made catheters (Ohmeda Inc. and Biosensors Inc.,respectively). The resistivity ratio remained constant as long as thecylindrical volume of blood around the adjacent electrodes had a radiuslarger than the electrode spacing. In addition, this ratio was found to be afunction of electrode width. The new technique allowed us to measure salineresistivity with an error, −0.99 ± 0.25% in a physicalmodel, and blood resistivity with an error, −0.625 ±2.75% in an in vivo canine model. Conclusion. The new in vivotechnique can be used to measure and track blood resistivity instantaneouslyand continuously without drawing blood samples.
Double-outlet right ventricle (S,D,D), VSD related to pulmonary artery, and pulmonic stenosis absent: Correction with an intraventricular conduit in infancy

The case history of a 5-month-old infant with double-outlet right ventricle (S,D,D) ventricular septal defect (VSD) related to the pulmonary artery, and absence of pulmonic stenosis is reported. The anomaly was repaired with an internal intraventricular conduit. This is the youngest infant with this subset of DORV to survive complete repair and the youngest in whom an intraventricular conduit was used. The diagnosis was not suspected preoperatively, and it is fortunate that the intracardiac anatomy permitted this type of repair at this age. The optimal management program for this subset of DORV should be initial pulmonary artery banding with later complete repair.
Comparative analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, bromodeoxyuridine, and mitotic index in uveal melanoma.

Purpose. Recent production of a monoclonal antibody, PC10, against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) makes it possible to evaluate cell cycling in formalin-fixed tissues. In this study, the authors quantitatively evaluated the relationship between PCNA expression and two other measures of cell cycling, bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (BrdU LI) and mitotic index (MI), in archival uveal melanomas. The authors also examined the relative prognostic importance of each measure. Methods. Serial sections from 35 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded uveal melanomas were immunostained with PC10 and BrdU antibody using a standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. A quantitative scoring system was used to evaluate the fraction of cells that were positive for PCNA, BrdU, and mitotic figures in the regions of high cycling. The LIs of the different markers were compared, and their prognostic importance was evaluated. Results. The median PCNA LI was 3.05% compared to the median BrdU LI of 0.94% and the median MI of 0.034%. The PCNA LI was more variable in replicate sections than either the MI or the BrdU LI. The correlation between PCNA LI and BrdU LI was 0.58, between PCNA LI and MI it was 0.46, and between BrdU LI and MI it was 0.81. The relative risk of tumorrelated mortality per doubling of BrdU LI was 2.35, and of MI it was 2.34. Although these were significant, PCNA LI of 1.08 was not. Conclusions. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining did not demonstrate a strong relationship with either BrdU LI or MI. Unlike MI and BrdU LI, PCNA LI was not correlated with tumor-related mortality. Caution is warranted in the interpretation of PCNA immunostaining in uveal melanomas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:2762-2767.
5.3 – White Blood Cells and Inflammation

This chapter begins by describing the various types of white blood cells and their abundance in blood: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, in order of abundance. It also describes the platelets, as fragments of megakaryocytes. It shows how these cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells under the influence of a variety of growth factors. Thrombopoietin regulates the blood levels of platelets. It is secreted by the liver and destroyed by platelets. The nonspecific defense system of the neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes is described, followed by the specific defense system provided by the lymphocytes. The four cardinal signs of inflammation are described: redness, swelling, pain, and heat. The receptors involved in the innate or nonspecific defense system are described. Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes by chemotaxic signals is described. Lastly, the chapter discusses complement and how it destroys microbes with attached antibodies.
Electronic Interactions in the Bacterial Reaction Center Revealed by Two-Color 2D Electronic Spectroscopy

The bacterial reaction center (BRC) serves as an important model system for understanding the charge separation processes in photosynthesis. Knowledge of the electronic structure of the BRC is critical for understanding its charge separation mechanism. While it is well-accepted that the “special pair” pigments are strongly coupled, the degree of coupling among other BRC pigments has been thought to be relatively weak. Here we study the W(M250)V mutant BRC by two-color two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to correlate changes in the Qx region with excitation of the Qy transitions. The resulting Qy–Qx cross-peaks provide a sensitive measure of the electronic interactions throughout the BRC pigment network and complement one-color 2D studies in which such interactions are often obscured by energy transfer and excited-state absorption signals. Our observations should motivate the refinement of electronic structure models of the BRC to facilitate improved understanding of the charge separation mechanism.
Archaeology, politics and nationalism in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ethiopia: the use of archaeology to consolidate monarchical power

Ethiopia’s Christian and medieval past was perceived and exploited by Menilek II, the founder of modern Ethiopia, to consolidate his own political power and resist the encroachments of European sta...
SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS, PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS

Previous research documents a range of dimensions of social connectedness and perceived social support that are considered to have impact on health. However, these dimensions have rarely been studied together, making it difficult to determine which aspects of social connectedness and social support are most beneficial to health. Using data from the Utah Fertility, Longevity and Aging study, this study examines the extent to which dimensions of social connectedness (network size, and satisfaction with network), and perceived social support (affective, confidant, and instrumental) have distinct associations with physical and mental health among older adults. Participants involved 325 older adults, aged 50 years and older. Results showed higher scores on satisfaction with network dimension of social connectedness correlated with higher physical and mental health scores. Similarly, higher score on affective, confidant, and instrumental support correlated with higher physical and mental health scores. After controlling for the effects of socio-demographic variables, affective, and instrumental support, and satisfaction with network were significant predictors of physical and mental health. Other correlates of physical and mental health included age, gender, and socio-economic-status. The aggregate scales of social connectedness and perceived social support were independently associated with self-rated physical and mental health. Strong, positive correlations were, however, found between perceived social support and self-rated physical and mental health. The findings suggest perceived social support might be relatively more important to the health and mental wellbeing of older adults than social connectedness, underscoring the relative importance older adults attach to quality rather than quantity of social ties.
Quantification and Quality in Architecture and Design

Thrilled about his ability to understand previously unknown conditions, and in awe of the universe yet to be explored, Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), a Romantic-period polymath, spent the last...
Low-Dimensional Representation of Biological Sequence Data

Systems of interest in bioinformatics and computational biology tend to be large, complex, interdependent, and stochastic. As our ability to collect sequence data at finer resolutions improves, we can better understand and predict system behavior under different conditions. Machine learning algorithms are a powerful set of tools designed to help with this understanding. However, many of the most effective of these algorithms are not immediately amenable to application on symbolic data. It is often necessary to map biological symbols to real vectors before performing analysis or prediction using sequence data. This tutorial will cover several techniques for embedding sequence data. Common methods utilizing k-mer count and binary vector representations will be addressed along with state of the art methods based on neural networks, like BioVec, and graph embeddings, like Node2Vec and multilateration. This tutorial is in collaboration with M. Lladser. Slides, datasets, and code from the tutorial will be made freely available for future use on GitHub.
Why I Study Public Deliberation

The author argues that scholars can best advance public dialogue and deliberation by conducting systematic research on practical innovations that have the potential to improve political discourse. The author explains and justifies this position through a personal narrative that recounts formative experiences with debate, group dialogue, political campaigns, academic research, and electoral reform.
Staged Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Hypothalamic Hamartoma: Analysis of Ablation Volumes and Morphological Considerations.

Background Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are a challenging pathology that cause gelastic seizures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (MRgLITT) offers a safe and effective treatment for HHs via a minimally invasive technique. Objective To determine how clinical outcome correlates to residual tumor volume and surgical strategy by analyzing radiographic data and reconstructing volumetric imaging. Methods Clinical and radiographic information of 58 pediatric patients who underwent MRgLITT for HH with at least 6 mo of follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. MR imaging was volumetrically reconstructed to analyze the impact of hamartoma and ablation volumes on outcome. Primary outcome measure was freedom from gelastic seizures. Results Eighty-one percent of patients were completely free of gelastic seizures at last follow-up; of 22 patients with secondary nongelastic epilepsy, 15 were free of additional seizures. Postoperative complication rate was low. There was no significant difference in gelastic seizure outcome related to pre- or postoperative hamartoma size. Residual hamartoma percentage in those free of gelastic seizures was 43% compared to 71% in those with continued seizures (P = .021). Larger hamartomas required multiple ablations to achieve seizure freedom. Conclusion This large series of patients confirms the safety and efficacy of MRgLITT for pediatric HH and describes morphological considerations that predict success. Our data suggest that complete ablation of the lesion is not necessary, and that the focus should be on appropriate disconnection of the epileptogenic network. We have found that a staged approach to hamartoma ablation allows adequate disconnection of the hamartoma while mitigating risk to surrounding structures.
Abstract P2-16-26: Mixed invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma (IDC/L) behaves similarly to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) with regard to neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and metastatic dissemination

Mixed invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma (Mixed IDC/L) is a rare subtype (3-5%) of invasive breast cancer with elusive pathophysiology. This entity is characterized by a mixed population of both ductal and lobular components within an individual tumor. Few studies have been published to date which compare Mixed IDC/L to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) from a histopathologic perspective. Available literature on this topic is sparse and has been conflicting with regards to outcomes, and no studies to date describe the response of Mixed IDC/L to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with ILC have been shown to have lower response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy as compared to patients with IDC, which in turn leads to lower rates of successful breast conserving surgery and higher rates of re-excision due to positive margins. We aimed to compare Mixed IDC/L to pure ILC with regards to response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the need for repeat surgical intervention. We identified 26 patients with Mixed IDC/L and 113 patients with ILC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our institution between 1990 – 2017. At baseline, the groups had a similar median age, as well as ER H-score, PR H-score, and Ki-67 index. There was no statistical difference in rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) or percent tumor volume reduction post therapy between the two groups. Similarly, the percent of patients that required re-excision was not statistically different. Interestingly, the metastatic pattern was similar between the groups and included sites of dissemination such as the peritoneal cavity and omentum, which are not common sites of metastasis for IDC. These findings suggest that Mixed IDC/L tumors behave similarly to ILC with regard to their response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and patterns of metastatic spread. These findings support a prominent role for the lobular component in this mixed subtype in driving biology, including response to neoadjuvant therapy and metastatic dissemination. Ongoing efforts are directed towards incorporating data from the IDC cohort, as well as evaluation of changes in histology, ER/PR H-scores, and Ki-67 levels as a result of therapy. These data may imply that Mixed IDC/L tumors may behave clinically more like ILC than IDC, but larger studies are needed to study this rare breast cancer subtype. Citation Format: Azadeh Nasrazadani, Jennifer M Atkinson, Yujia Li, Priscilla F McAuliffe, Rachel C Jankowitz, Leisha A Emens, George C Tseng, Adrian V Lee, Norman Wolmark, Steffi Oesterreich, Peter C Lucas. Mixed invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma (IDC/L) behaves similarly to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) with regard to neoadjuvant chemotherapy response and metastatic dissemination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-26.
Atomic Layer Deposited Ni/ZrO₂-SiO₂for Combined Capture and Oxidation of VOCs

This work reports on the development of novel Ni nanoparticle-deposited mixed-metal oxides ZrO2–SiO2 through atomic layer deposition (ALD) method and their application in combined capture and oxida...
Asymptotics of Wide Convolutional Neural Networks

Wide neural networks have proven to be a rich class of architectures for both theory and practice. Motivated by the observation that finite width convolutional networks appear to outperform infinite width networks, we study scaling laws for wide CNNs and networks with skip connections. Following the approach of (Dyer & Gur-Ari, 2019), we present a simple diagrammatic recipe to derive the asymptotic width dependence for many quantities of interest. These scaling relationships provide a solvable description for the training dynamics of wide convolutional networks. We test these relations across a broad range of architectures. In particular, we find that the difference in performance between finite and infinite width models vanishes at a definite rate with respect to model width. Nonetheless, this relation is consistent with finite width models generalizing either better or worse than their infinite width counterparts, and we provide examples where the relative performance depends on the optimization details.
High-performance germanium quantum dot photodetectors: Response to continuous wave and pulsed excitation

Efficiency and response speed are key figures of merit for high-performance photodetectors, with high efficiency often obtained at the expense of slow photoresponse. Here, we report on germanium quantum dot photodetectors (Ge QD PDs) with a 25-nm-thick active layer that possesses both high internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and fast photoresponse, yet is still based on simple design and fabrication. We characterize these devices with continuous wave (CW) and pulsed excitation at room temperature as a function of incident power and applied bias. Under the reverse bias of –4 V, the IQE approaches ∼2000% over a broad spectral range (λ = 500–800 nm). The transient photoresponse speed to a 4.5 ns laser pulse at λ = 640 nm is under 20 ns. Furthermore, we observe an interesting phenomenon: by superimposing a weak CW HeNe laser beam ( λ = 632.8 nm) on the laser pulse, we obtain an optically tunable photoresponse while retaining fast speed. This study elucidates the role of photocarrier generation, trapping, and hopping in the percolative Ge QD oxide matrix and helps explain the observed high gain and fast response speed. The demonstrated IQE and nanosecond response time render our devices suitable for low-light detection and imaging.
Public Policy and Advocacy

Financial abuse and exploitation of older individuals has been on the public and governmental radar for over half a century. Recent years have witnessed heightened awareness to this problem on both a social and legislative level. This has led to increased efforts by governmental, professional, and advocacy groups to implement protective programs and interventions for older adults. However, less than 1 in 20 cases of financial exploitation is reported with even fewer victims receiving effective intervention and justice (Association NAPS. History: about adult protective services from 1960 to 2000 2020 [cited 2020 January 31]. Available from: https://www.napsa-now.org/about-napsa/history/history-of-adult-protective-services/; Financial Exploitation of Older Persons: Report to Congress. In: U.S. Administration on Aging Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation OoD, Aging and Long-Term Care Policy Department of Health and Human Services, editor, 2009). Great voids still exist in the services and protections available for this vulnerable population. This chapter explores the history of governmental policy, the existing limitations of current programs, and the proposed future directions for public policy and advocacy.
Ovariectomy Affects Acute Pancreatitis in Mice.

Serum estradiol levels in severe acute injury are correlated with in hospital mortality. In acute pancreatitis, serum estradiol levels are strong predictors of disease severity. Studies of whether changes in estradiol levels play a causative role in acute pancreatitis severity are limited. The ovariectomized mouse model has been used to study the effects of estradiol in health and disease. We assessed whether the ovariectomized mouse model could be used to assess the effects of estradiol on pancreatitis severity. C57BL/6 mice with their ovaries removed were used to simulate low circulating estradiol conditions. Ovariectomized mice were treated with six hourly injections of cerulein to induce mild acute pancreatitis and compared to ovariectomized mice pre-treated with subcutaneous estradiol injections. Findings suggest ovariectomized model is a problematic preparation to study pancreatitis. At baseline, ovariectomy leads to prominent acinar cell ultrastructure changes as well as changes in other select morphologic and biomarkers of pancreatitis. In addition, ovariectomy changed select acute pancreatitis responses that were only partially rescued by estradiol pre-treatment. These findings suggest that the ovariectomized mouse as a model of estradiol depletion should be used with caution in pancreatic studies. Future studies should explore whether derangements in other female hormones produced by the ovaries can lead to changes in pancreatic studies.
An approach for using multiple indices for monitoring long-term trends of mesopredators at broad spatial scales

Indices of relative abundance are routinely used to monitor and manage wildlife, yet all indices contain observation error and have unknown relationships with true abundance. State-space models (SSM) allow estimation of observation error while concordance in trends among multiple indices from different sampling methods may reflect true trends in abundance. We used multiple decades of data from roadkill surveys, nocturnal spotlight surveys, and observations from hunters along with trapper harvest data for six mesopredators in Illinois, USA, to evaluate concordance (i.e., similarity in trend direction and magnitude) across count- and harvest-based indices, while controlling for observation error using Bayesian SSM. We assumed that increased concordance among trends from different sampling methods would increasingly mirror trends in true abundance. We observed positive trends for raccoon and coyote, negative trends for gray and red fox, and stable trends for skunk, consistent with spatiotemporal patterns of distribution and abundance of these species within midwestern USA. Concordance among count-based indices and harvest-based indices adjusted for temporal changes in trapper numbers was generally high. In contrast, total annual trapper harvest often showed discordance with other trends. Sampling variability was similar across methods but was highest across the shortest time series highlighting the importance of methodologically or analytically controlling for sampling variability. Our results suggest that concordant broad-scale (e.g., statewide) trends in index data may be best used for evaluating relatively general trends and using relatively drastic changes as justification for more in-depth studies.
Radiated Emission Tests for High-frequency Router Systems in Class A: Discussion and Improvement

The standards for radiated emissions (RE) test in FCC Part 15 and CISPR 32, and the related literature concerning the limit line extrapolation, testing methods and challenges in the RE test are reviewed herein. In particular, factors to be considered during the RE test for the equipment in Class A operating above 10 GHz are discussed including: 1) possibilities to miss the maximal electric field (Emax); 2) specifications of the 2 dB rule; 3) falloff factors in the conversion between the measured electric (E) field at closer distances (1 m or 3 m) to 10 m. Methods that might be considered for improvement are proposed to increase the confidence of the multi-modular systems in passing/failing the RE standard and compliance with other devices in terms of: 1) according to 2 dB rule, 63.1% of the optical modules are proposed to represent the radiation of the fully loaded router system; 2) statistical falloff factors are needed in converting the E field at 1 m/3 m to 10 m at high frequencies (> 10 GHz); and, 3) specific limit lines are preferred at high frequencies for router/multi-modular systems.
Popping the Cork: Why the Price of Champagne Falls During the Holidays

We document countercyclical prices in the sparkling wine market during the holiday season. While quantity peaks, increasing more than 100%, prices uniformly decrease, by 16% in average. We investigate the role played by changes in aggregate elasticity when demand spikes. Using Nielsen retail data from the Portland market, we find that price elasticity for sparkling wine increases by 50% during the holidays. Then, using household level data, we are able to document how the change is demand is, for a large share, driven by the entrance in the market of a new segment of consumers. These consumers are responsible for a quarter of sales during the holidays and they exhibit more price sensitive behaviors: for instance, they spend less in average on other alcoholic beverage such as beer and wine, and are more likely to use coupons for their purchases or buy generic products. These suggestive facts are confirmed by the results of our household level demand estimation - where we find that changes to aggregate elasticity is driven by the entry of a more elastic segment.
Tuesday, 11:00 p.m., August 31, 2010—Washington D.C.

The two men, who had burglarized Delta’s apartment in order to get the transcripts, had crashed into the Geo, and had sent Caleb flying from the hood of a rental car, held out the package to Ruby Carmichael.
Overview of Functional Cell Assays

Flow cytometry can measure a variety of functional parameters of increasing interest to cell biologists and clinicians. The distinguishing feature of these assays is that the information of interest is the functional behavior of the cell itself, rather than the phenotype. This unit discusses cell viability, oxidative metabolism, membrane potential, intracellular ionized calcium, intracellular pH, intracellular organelles, and gene reporter assays.
Temperature-sensitive mutants of murine leukemia virus. 3. Mutants defective in helper functions for sarcoma virus fixation.

Abstract Rauscher murine leukemia virus conditional lethal mutants of two physiologic classes were shown not to be complemented by the murine sarcoma virus genome present in nonproductively transformed mouse cells. Three mutants, defective in early replication steps, had temperature-sensitive post-penetration helper functions necessary for fixation of sarcoma virus transformation. These latter findings show that leukemia viral functions, in addition to those associated with adsorption and penetration, are necessary for initiation of sarcoma virus infection.
Five factors to be considered when restoring endodontically treated teeth.

UNLABELLED Maintenance of tooth integrity and strength is critical to the longevity of any restoration. Endodontic treatment inherently requires reduction of supportive tooth structure to provide access and shape and clean the root canal system. Restorative modalities following root canal therapy must provide sufficient strength for the prosthetic material and tooth structures. This article presents several considerations in the treatment of endodontically compromised teeth to ensure clinical success. LEARNING OBJECTIVES This article discusses relevant considerations in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Upon reading this article, the reader should: Understand the factors that affect the strength of an endodontically treated tooth. Recognize the available restorative options following root canal therapy.
The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): phylogeny and evolution of big-eyed arboreal ants

. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae comprises three genera of hyperoptic, arboreal ants, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions: Pseudomyrmex (∼200 species, New World), Myrcidris (two species, South America) and Tetraponera (∼100 species, Palaeotropics). The phylogenetic relationships among these ants were investigated using DNA sequence data (∼5.2 kb from 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, wingless, abdominal-A, and long-wavelength rhodopsin genes) and 144 morphological characters, both separately and in combination. Data were gathered from a representative set of forty-nine pseudomyrmecine species, plus eighteen species from various outgroups. There was substantial agreement among the results obtained from different datasets, and from different methods of phylogenetic inference (parsimony, Bayesian inference). The monophyly of the following groups is strongly supported (100% bootstrap support and 1.00 posterior probability in the molecular dataset): Pseudomyrmecinae, Pseudomyrmex, and Pseudomyrmex + Myrcidris. The status of the genus Tetraponera is less clear: the DNA sequence data indicate that the genus is paraphyletic, but morphological features and a unique insertion in the 28S gene support the monophyly of this taxon. Seven of nine Pseudomyrmex species groups, established previously on the basis of morphology alone, are strongly upheld, but monophyly is rejected for the P. pallens group and the P. viduus group. In the latter case, molecular evidence indicates the existence of two independent clades, associated with the ant-plants Triplaris and Tachigali, respectively, whose convergent morphological features had caused them to be placed erroneously in the same species group. The present results confirm an earlier assertion that obligate associations with domatia-bearing plants have arisen at least twelve times in the subfamily. Molecular and morphological data support the hypothesis of a sister-group relationship between Pseudomyrmecinae and Myrmeciinae (84% parsimony bootstrap, combined dataset), which implies a Cretaceous origin of the stem-group pseudomyrmecines in the southern hemisphere. Pseudomyrmecines appear to have arisen in the Palaeotropics and later dispersed from Africa to South America, where they experienced a pronounced burst of diversification.