cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracking IPv6 evolution: data we have and data we need

Exhaustion of the Internet addressing authority's (IANA) available IPv4 address space, which occurred in February 2011, is finally exerting exogenous pressure on network operators to begin to deploy IPv6. There are two possible outcomes from this transition. IPv6 may be widely adopted and embraced, causing many existing methods to measure and monitor the Internet to be ineffective. A second possibility is that IPv6 languishes, transition mechanisms fail, or performance suffers. Either scenario requires data, measurement, and analysis to inform technical, business, and policy decisions. We survey available data that have allowed limited tracking of IPv6 deployment thus far, describe additional types of data that would support better tracking, and offer a perspective on the challenging future of IPv6 evolution.
Document Representation and Multilevel Measures of Document Similarity

We present our work on combining large-scale statistical approaches with local linguistic analysis and graph-based machine learning techniques to compute a combined measure of semantic similarity between terms and documents for application in information extraction, question answering, and summarisation.
Rates of silting in representative reservoirs throughout the United States

For three year's the Soil Conservation Service has been studying the effect of accelerated soil-erosion on silting of storage-reservoirs. More than 8400 dams and reservoirs are now in existence in the United States, exclusive of farm-ponds. They represent a capital investment of not less than $2,000,000,000. At least one-fifth of this number, representing probably three-quarters of the total investment, depend solely upon storage for their usefulness; when storage is gone as a result of silting, their value will have largely disappeared. Every State in the United States has some developed reservoir-storage, and everywhere that studies have been made, some of this storage-capacity is being lost through silting traceable, in part at least, to accelerated soil-erosion. Thus, truly, the problem is nation-wide in its importance.
Identification of multiple-input transfer function models

This paper proposes a procedure for transfer function identification (specification) based on least-squares estimates of transfer function weights using the original or filtered series. The corner method is then used to identify a parsimonious rational form of the transfer function. The procedure is illustrated in a simulated example; it is shown how this straightforward approach outperforms other identification methods such as Box and Jenkins' prewhitening and Haugh and Box1 double prewhitening techniques.
Quantum-statistical model for high-density matter

A new statistical model [the quantum-statistical model (QSM)] was recently introduced by Kalitkin and Kuzmina for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of compressed matter. This paper examines the QSM and gives (i) a numerical QSM calculation of pressure and energy for aluminum and comparison to existing augmented-plane-wave data; (ii) display of separate kinetic, exchange, and quantum pressure terms; (iii) a study of electron density at the nucleus; (iv) a study of the effects of the Kirzhnitz-Weizsacker parameter controlling the gradient terms; (v) an analytic expansion for very high densities; and (vi) rigorous pressure theorems including a general version of the virial theorem which applies to an arbitrary microscopic volume. It is concluded that the QSM represents the most accurate and consistent theory of the Thomas-Fermi type.
Convergence of nonconforming V-cycle and F-cycle multigrid algorithms for second order elliptic boundary value problems

The convergence of V-cycle and F-cycle multigrid algorithms with a sufficiently large number of smoothing steps is established for nonconforming finite element methods for second order elliptic boundary value problems.
Three-dimensional computer display

A stereographic display terminal has been produced using the raster display (BRAD) recently developed at Brookhaven. The system uses a rotating refresh memory to feed standard television monitors.To produce a stereographic display the computer calculates the projected video images of an object, viewed from two separated points. The resulting video maps are stored on separate refresh bands of the rotating memory. The two output signals are connected to separate color guns of a color television monitor, thus creating a superimposed image on the screen. Optical separation is achieved by viewing the image through color filters.The display is interactive and can be viewed by a large group of people at the same time.
Collection evaluation for interdisciplinary fields: A comprehensive approach

Abstract Interdisciplinary fields pose particular problems for collection evaluation. A model is proposed for describing the materials needed by interdisciplinary scholars, and the application and limitations of both traditional and newer evaluation methodologies to interdisciplinary areas are discussed. Further measures are suggested as valuable supplements in evaluating interdisciplinary areas.
Third sound on Hopg surface

Abstract We have made third sound velocity measurements via the time-of-flight technique for 4 He films adsorbed on the surface of a single leaf of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite between 1.0 and 1.3 K. Our results are in qualitative agreement with an earlier experiment involving third sound on Grafoil foam. As a function of film thickness, the third sound velocity shows oscillatory variation with a period roughly equal to one atomic layer. This novel effect is not seen with other substrates. The third sound velocity determined in this experiment suffers relatively little path-length correction. This is a condition not met in the foam experiment.
Indoor air pollution: Effects on cultural and historic materials

Although the development of central air-conditioning systems some 50 years ago caused substantial attention to be paid to the effective control of the museum environment, interest in air pollution damage to art works predates that development. They discuss individual pollutants (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, etc) as well as categories of indoor pollutants (those emitted from building materials, those emitted by artifacts, etc.). Tables provide data on air quality criteria for museums, archives, and libraries, as well as indoor air pollution damages to specific materials.
A longitudinal study of the effects of a high school robotics and computational thinking class on academic achievement (WIP)

While there has been a rising interest in computational thinking (CT) and a push to include it into the K-12 curriculum, there is little empirical evidence that a class that teaches CT will have any measurable long-term effects on student performance. Using robotics as an example of CT instruction, I propose to examine a high school that has had a large number of robotics students over the past six years to find evidence for the long-term benefits of CT. I will analyze school records (e.g. STEM class enrollment, STEM test scores, SAT scores) for differences between robotics and non-robotics students and compare interviews with selected students.
Interactional personality, mathematical simulation, and prediction of interpersonal compatability

Used a mathematical simulation procedure adaptable to an interactional concept of personality to predict the interpersonal compatibility of a total of 71 couples. Strife scores derived from computer simulation of interactional personality data correlated significantly with partner ratings for the quality and the stability of their relationship. Strife scores correlated insignificantly with partner ratings of closeness and familiarity. The statistical significance of the correlations between strife scores and compatability ratings varied according to the source of interactional personality data, ie., self-ratings or partner-ratings, and according to group membership of Ss categorized by the nature and duration of their interpersonal liason. It was concluded that mathematical simulation theory provides a viable and unique methodology for understanding, quantifying, and predicting human interactions.
Coprime fractional representations and stability of non-linear feedback systems

Fractional representation methods for finite-dimensional linear time-invariant (FDLTI) systems have been developed in an algebraic framework of principal ideal domains. The concept of coprime fractional representations has been generalized to discrete-time non-linear systems by Hammer (1985, 1987), by viewing the Bezout identity as the basis of the definition of coprimeness. In this paper, we view the role of (right) coprime fractional representation in representing the set of all stable input-output pairs of a (possibly unstable) non-linear system. This notion of coprimeness is shown to be equivalent to that of FDLTI systems. Using coprime fractional representations of non-linear systems, we obtain a characterization of the stability of non-linear feedback systems. This characterization is similar to that obtained in the case of FDLTI systems. We also obtain a parameterization of all non-linear and time-varying stabilizing controllers for linear (possibly time-varying) plants which has the same form as t...
Dual role of GDP in the regulation of the levels of p36 phosphorylation in Dictyostelium discoideum.

We examined the dephosphorylation of p36, a protein ofD. discoideum that has previously been shown to be phosphorylated in a GDP-dependent manner (Anschutzet al., 1989). Specific dephosphorylation of p36 was found to occur in cell preparations but the activity responsible was strongly dependent upon the concentration of proteins in those extracts. When preparations were diluted, this activity was no longert detectable and the radiolabeled phosphate incorporated into p36 was stable. In contrast, p36 phosphorylation was seemingly unaffected by this treatment. Under the conditions where endogenous dephosphorylating activity was not detectable, the addition of GDP to the reaction resulted in substantial dephosphorylation of p36. The stimulation of this dephosphorylation process occurred at concentrations of GDP that were distinct from those that led to an increased p36 phosphorylation due to the previously reported stimulation of p36 protein kinase activity. Characterization of the dephosphorylation of p36 indicates that the same enzyme is responsible for the endogenous and GDP-stimulated activities. Additionally, these activities are identical when assayed with p36 that had been phosphortylated with ATP or GTP. In contrast to p36 kinase activity, the dephosphorylation of p36 did not display any developmental changes with respect to its regulatory features.
Morphology of emetic chemoreceptor trigger zone in cat medulla oblongata.

Summary1. A hitherto unidentified structure in the medulla oblongata is described. It is an essentially non-neural zone situated between the ala cinerea and the vestibular complex and is contiguous medially with the area postrema which overlies the ala cinerea. The zone consists largely of fibroblasts and cells resembling protoplasmic astrocytes and astroblasts which have an abundance of vascular feet abutting on a dense network of blood vessels. Numerous nerve endings found in this zone are observed to connect with a loose fiber bundle which passes towards the nucleus of the fasciculus solitarius. 2. Experimental studies made with the ablation technic have yielded evidence that this structure is the anatomical framework of the medullary chemoreceptor trigger mechanism for the emetic center. Destruction of this chemoreceptor trigger zone in cats makes the animals refractory to the emetic effect of the intravenously administered cardiac glycosides-lanatoside C, scillaren A and ouabain-in doses which are kn...
Algebraic Specification of Statistical Models for Analysis of Variance Computations

A method for computing an analysis of variance from an algebraic specification of the statistical model is described. The model is written in a form consistent with usual statistical notation but also suitable for computer input and logical manipulation. Calculations necessary to obtain the analysis of variance are then determined by the model. An outline of the computational procedure is given.
Expression of growth factor receptors, the focal adhesion kinase, and other tyrosine kinases in human soft tissue tumors

Background: The tyrosine kinases are a family of genes that includes many growth factor receptors and protooncogenes. They appear to have a role in many cancers, but have not been systematically studied in the pathogenesis and progression of human sarcomas. Methods: To characterize the protein tyrosine kinases that are expressed in human sarcomas, we used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method to construct kinase-specific cDNA libraries from low-grade and high-grade primary tumors. Thereafter, individual tyrosine kinase gene expression was assessed in a panel of sarcoma cell lines and primary tumors using Northern blotting and PCR. Results: We identified 19 species of tyrosine kinase genes, including many growth factor receptors, the human homolog of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene, and a noveltrk-related kinase designated HGK2. Messenger RNA expression analyses showed relative overexpression of the two forms of the platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) with expression of the α form restricted to a subgroup of high-grade and metastatic sarcomas. We were unable to demonstrate coexpression of the PDGF isoforms in primary tumors that overexpressed the receptors, suggesting that a PDGF/PDGFR autocrine pathway may not be a central mechanism in the malignant transformation of sarcomas in vivo. FAK expression was observed in a variety of sarcomas, with increased levels in several high-grade and metastatic leiomyosarcomas. Conclusions: When grouped together by histologic cell type and grade, the expression data of the 19 kinases in primary tumors described a greater degree of heterogeneity than is generally appreciated by clinicopathologic classification schemes. This diversity suggests that sarcomas, even those that appear to be clinically similar, arise through a variety of molecular pathways involving tyrosine kinases.
PrCo5-based high-energy-density permanent magnets

Abstract In spite of the high permanent magnet potential of PrCo5 (HA = 145 kOe and 4π Ms = 12.4 kG at 293 K; Tc = 905 K (A. E. Ray and K. J. Strnat, IEEE Trans. Magn., 11 (1975) 1429) RCo5 permanent magnets, either with praseodymium alone or containing praseodymium as the major rare earth component, are not produced commercially. Praseodymium is more abundant than samarium and the theoretical (BH)max of PrCo5 (39 MGOe) is greater than that of SmCo5. Also, the higher Curie temperature of PrCo5 compared with that of NdFeB magnets is an advantage in obtaining better magnetic properties at elevated temperatures. At T > 393 K the (BH)max of NdFeB magnets is lower than that of SmCo5 (W. Ervens, in I. V. Mitchell (ed.), NdFeB Permanent Magnets: Their Present and Future Applications, Elsevier, London, 1985, p. 111). A systematic study was made with PrCo5−x (0 15kOe were produced. A major fraction of the alloy phase which contributes to high Br and Hci in the sintered magnet is formed during the sintering process from the non-equilibrium mixture of phases present in the starting alloy.
Interaction of a synthetic mitochondrial presequence with isolated yeast mitochondria: mechanism of binding and kinetics of import

Abstract The mechanism of interaction of a presequence with isolated yeast mitochondria was examined. A synthetic peptide corresponding to a matrix-targeting signal was covalently labeled with a fluorescent probe. Binding of the presequence to the surface of the mitochondria and translocation of the presequence into the interior of the mitochondria could then be monitored directly in solution by measuring changes in the steady-state fluorescence of the attached fluorophore. The binding step was rapid and reversible. Quantitation of the binding under equilibrium conditions suggested that the initial association of the presequence with the surface of the mitochondria occurred by partitioning of the presequence directly into the lipid bilayer of the outer membrane. Subsequent translocation of the bound presequence into the mitochondria was monitored by measuring the rate of disappearance of presequences sensitive to digestion by added trypsin. The efficiency of translocation was high, and the rate of the translocation was dependent on the electrical potential across the inner membrane. At physiological concentrations of presequence, the rate displayed first-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of bound presequence and had a rate constant of 0.19 min-1 at 20 degrees C. Several kinetic models for the translocation of the presequence are presented that are consistent with the experimental results.
Arthroscopic management of trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis of the thumb

Open partial trapeziectomy and interpositional arthroplasty have proven to be effective in ameliorating the symptoms of carpometacarpal joint arthritis of the thumb. Surgical technique of arthroscopic partial resection of the trapezium and interpositional arthroplasty is described. Thirty-three interpositional arthroplasties were carried out arthroscopically. Autogenous tendon graft. Gortex (WL Gore & Associates, Inc. Flagstaff, AZ) and fascia lata allograft were used as interpositional material; 87.8% of patients got relief from pain. Average postoperative pinch strength was 11 lbs. No ligament reconstruction was required because the capsule was left intact. The procedures were done on an outpatient basis and all patients were discharged the same day. There were no complications associated with radial sensory nerve.
Muon scattering at 219 GeV and the proton structure functions

Results on the protron structure function, ${F}_{2}$, are presented for $0.3l{q}^{2}l80.0$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$ and $10l\ensuremath{\nu}l200$ GeV. The results support the conclusions of earlier work at 97 and 147 GeV that scaling is violated. A new value for $R=\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{S}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{T}}=0.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.25$ has been obtained using all the Fermilab proton measurements.
Evaluation of density gradient separation methods

A new method for evaluating the effectiveness of isopycnic separation processes is developed and explored. This technique is designed to measure the ability of a separation technique to attain the goals of a sorting process. The performance of a separation process is expressed in terms of an inconsistency number, I, whose value ranges from zero to unity. Processes which function perfectly are characterized by an I value of zero. Separation processes which merely subdivide a sample are characterized by an I value of unity. The validity of using I to measure the performance of separation processes was established by demonstrating that alterations in the performance of a well characterized separation technique were fully reflected by changes in the I value for the process. The capacity of four different techniques for ordering red cells with respect to their density was then shown to lie in a definite hierarchy. This hierarchy can be expressed as: Murphy technique (I = 0.21) greater than albumin density gradient (I = 0.43) greater Stractan density gradient (I = 0.53) greater than Percoll density gradient (I = 0.73). The performance was found to be dependent on the exact operating conditions employed and the specific fraction of red cells isolated.
Heat transfer to pseudoplastic fluids in laminar flow

A simple temperature dependent equation τ = K [Ṡ exp(ΔH‡/RT)]n is proposed to represent the rheological properties of pseudoplastic fluids. This equation is combined with the differential equations describing steady state laminar flow and heat conduction to a moving fluid when natural convection and thermal energy generation are negligible. The resulting equations are solved numerically for heating of both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in laminar flow in tubes of circular cross section with constant wall temperature. These numerical solutions are presented as generalized plots of Nusselt number vs. Graetz number with n and (ΔH‡/R) (1/Ti — 1/Tw) as parameters. Extensive experimental data were obtained for two pseudoplastic fluids, and, in the range where natural convection was unimportant, the mean deviation between the computed Nusselt numbers and measured Nusselt numbers was ± 7%.
Assessment of pharmacists' perception of patient care competence and need for training in rural and urban areas in North Dakota.

Context: Few studies have examined pharmacists’ level of patient care competence and need for continuous professional development in rural areas. Purpose: To assess North Dakota pharmacists’ practice setting, perceived level of patient care competencies, and the need for professional development in urban and rural areas. Methods: A survey was mailed to all 686 North Dakota pharmacists and included items regarding practice setting, competency areas, and the need for certificate programs. Findings: Overall, 401 of 686 (58.5%) surveys were returned and 364 responses were usable. Three practice settings (independent community pharmacies [47.3%], chain stores [13.2%], and hospital pharmacies [22.8%]) comprised 83.3% of the sample. More independent community pharmacists were located in rural areas than urban areas (P < .01). More respondents had a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) degree in urban areas (40.8%) compared to those in rural areas (15.1%) (P < .01). Pharmacists in urban areas rated 18 of 33 competencies higher than did pharmacists in rural areas (P < .01). Pharmacists with a Bachelor of Science degree reported a lower level of preparation than did PharmD trained pharmacists. Although not statistically significant, 28.2% of pharmacists perceived a patient care certificate as a need and a greater percentage were from rural than urban areas. Conclusion: The findings should be interpreted to be primarily due to differences in practice setting and degree earned that were most prevalent in urban and rural areas. Training mode needed most is through the certificate program, particularly by rural pharmacists who reported a lower level of preparation on perceived patient care-related items than did urban pharmacists.
Dietary fat--a requirement for induction of mixed-function oxidase activities in starved-refed rats.

Abstract Male rats were starved 0–48 hr, and then refed diets containing 0% (F.F.) to 20% corn oil (C.O.) lab chow or 20% coconut oil (C.C.O.) for 1–4 days. Some received phenobarbital sodium (80 mg/kg, i.p. daily) for 1–3 days prior to decapitation. Five cytochrome P-450-dependent indicators were assayed as measures of altered hepatic microsomal function: ethylmorphine N -demethylase (EMDM), N -nitrosodimethylamine (DMN)- N demethylase, aniline hydroxylase (AH), benzo[ a ]pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) and CO-difference spectra (P-450). Increasing dietary corn oil (0, 0.5, 10, 20%) in control rats resulted in a progressive increase in the activities of these five enzymes. Dietary fat influenced phenobarbital (Pb) inducibility of all mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzymes measured except AHH. Pb induced the remaining enzymes only 11–22% in animals fed fat-free diet as compared to 119–246% in animals fed coconut oil and corn oil. Rats fed fat-free diet for 21 days without prior food deprivation and administered Pb had 79% more EMDM, 34% more AH and 120% more P-450 than non-induced controls, whereas rats fed 20% corn oil diet had 227% more EMDM, 143% more AH and 128% more P-450. A requirement of dietary fat for induction of MFO by Pb was demonstrated by these starvationrefeeding experiments. Coupled with data recovered from the 21-day studies, these experiments suggest that a compensatory mechanism may be operative during chronic feeding of the fat-free diet to partially return inducibility to the drug-metabolizing system.
The Anne Sexton complex

Abstract From Sylvia Plath to Virginia Woolf and Anne Sexton, artists have identified with the downward pull of the creative unconscious toward death. Death appears in images of a sexual, mystical, or ecstatic union with the ghostly lover or mother. This paper explores an alternative creative model for women which does not lead to death, by documenting the case history of a woman artist who attempted suicide, but who lived to tell her story. The case history is written as a narrative both in the words of the author and in the words of the client.
A study of acetylene-oxygen flames

Five C2H2−O2 flames, for which concentration and temperature profiles have been measured previously, have been analyzed by integrating numerically the one-dimensional flame equations. These include rich and lean C2H2 flames and rich C2H2 flames with added CO or H2. Species continuity equations and multicomponent diffusion equations for these flames have been integrated over the temperature range 1000°–1700°K. Experimental temperatures and OH profiles have been used in the analysis in order to expedite the unravelling of the kinetics. The steady-state hypothesis has been invoked for C2H, CH2, HCO, and O. Analytic species profiles compare reasonably well with experimental profiles for the species C2H2, O2, H2, H2O, CO, and CO2 in four of the five flames. Kinetic coefficients are presented in units of gmole/cm3, sec, and cal/gmole. In rich C2H2 flames the initial attack on C2H2 appears to be by hydrogen atoms C2H2+H→C2H+H2 (1) with a rate coefficient k1=2×1014 exp(−19,000/RT). In lean flames, attack by OH and O on C2H2 are important C2H2+OH→C2H+H2O (2) C2H2+O→CH2+CO (3) where k2 and k3 are found to be 6×1012 exp(−7000/RT) and 5×1012 exp(−2500/RT), respectively. Oxygen disappears primarily by hydrogen atom attack H+O2→OH+O (12) where k12 is 2×1014exp(−16,700/RT). Water vapor is produced mainly by H2+OH→H2O+H (13) with k13=1.5×1013exp(−5000/RT) and to a lesser extent by Reaction (2). Additional reactions of interest in H2 and CO production include O+H2→OH+H (14) HCO+H→H2+CO (8) HCO+M→H+CO+M (11) where k14, k8 and k11 are found to be 5×1013exp(−10,000/RT), 2×1013 and 7×1013exp(−15,000/RT), respectively. Carbon dioxide is formed by the reaction CO+OH→CO2+H (16) with k16=3.7×1011exp(−700/RT).
Adenosine triphosphate-dependent ouabain binding in homogenates of male and female Schistosoma mansoni

Abstract 1. 1. The presence of ATP enhanced both the rate and the amount of 3 H-ouabain binding to homogenates of male and female Schistosoma mansoni . 2. 2. The K D for ATP-dependent binding to male homogenates was 1.8 × 10 −7 M and to females 0.85 × 10 −7 . The total amount of ouabain binding in the presence of ATP was 5.78 pmol/mg protein for males and 3.75 pmol/mg for females. 3. 3. The presence of ATP also enhanced the 3 H-ouabain binding to isolated teguments, carcasses and also to subcellular fractions of male homogenates. 4. 4. The distribution of ouabain sensitive ATPase activity in the subcellular fractions was similar to ouabain binding in these fractions. Ouabain binding to intact worms was not affected by the presence of ATP.
A Minor Subset of Batf3-Dependent Antigen-Presenting Cells in Islets of Langerhans Is Essential for the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes

Autoimmune diabetes is characterized by inflammatory infiltration; however, the initiating events are poorly understood. We found that the islets of Langerhans in young nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice contained two antigen-presenting cell (APC) populations: a major macrophage and a minor CD103(+) dendritic cell (DC) population. By 4 weeks of age, CD4(+) T cells entered islets coincident with an increase in CD103(+) DCs. In order to examine the role of the CD103(+) DCs in diabetes, we examined Batf3-deficient NOD mice that lacked the CD103(+) DCs in islets and pancreatic lymph nodes. This led to a lack of autoreactive T cells in islets and, importantly, no incidence of diabetes. Additional examination revealed that presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I epitopes in the pancreatic lymph nodes was absent with a partial impairment of MHC class II presentation. Altogether, this study reveals that CD103(+) DCs are essential for autoimmune diabetes development.
Red cell sodium-lithium countertransport and cardiovascular risk factors in essential hypertension.

Human red blood cells possess a Na+H+ antiporter in the plasma membrane that can exchange external Na+ for intracellular H+ when the intracellular pH falls below 7.0. The antiporter can also exchange Na+ for Li+ and that is named Na+Li+ countertransport (SLC). This antiporter activity has been extensively investigated in essential hypertension and diabetes by clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic studies. Elevated values are found in patients with essential hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. In vitro studies in red cells of fasted individuals have demonstrated that physiologic doses of insulin increase the maximal transport rate and the Km for Na+ of both Na+Li+ and Na+H+ exchanges. Ex vivo, SLC also exhibits elevated maximal activity and low affinity for Na+ in insulin-resistant hypertensives. Patients with elevated antiporter activity manifest metabolic abnormalities (for example, high fasting insulin levels, hyperlipidemia, increased total body exchangeable Na+, and renal and cardiac hypertrophy) that are part of the syndrome characterized by resistance to insulin-stimulated body glucose disposal. The coexistence of hypertension with insulin resistance and elevated SLC has suggested that a link between the metabolic and ion transport abnormalities may be mediated through chronic elevation of insulin levels. The association between circulating insulin concentrations and prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease has been documented in many prospective population studies. Insulin modulation of this Na+ antiporter might be an intermediate risk factor for cardiovascular disease that monitors chronic alterations of Na+ homeostasis observed in hypertension and diabetes.
Mechanism of ubiquitin recognition by the CUE domain of Vps9p.

Coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation (CUE) domains are ∼50 amino acid monoubiquitin binding motifs found in proteins of trafficking and ubiquitination pathways. The 2.3 A structure of the Vps9p-CUE domain is a dimeric domain-swapped variant of the ubiquitin binding UBA domain. The 1.7 A structure of the CUE:ubiquitin complex shows that one CUE dimer binds one ubiquitin molecule. The bound CUE dimer is kinked relative to the unbound CUE dimer and wraps around ubiquitin. The CUE monomer contains two ubiquitin binding surfaces on opposite faces of the molecule that cannot bind simultaneously to a single ubiquitin molecule. Dimerization of the CUE domain allows both surfaces to contact a single ubiquitin molecule, providing a mechanism for high-affinity binding to monoubiquitin.
InsP3-mediated intracellular calcium signalling is altered by expression of synaptojanin-1

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] plays an important physiological role as a precursor for the InsP3-mediated intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signalling cascade. It also regulates membrane trafficking, actin function and transmembrane proteins. SJ-1 (synaptojanin-1), a phosphoinositide phosphatase, regulates the turnover of a PtdIns(4,5)P2 pool involved in clathrin and actin dynamics at the cell surface. We tested the interrelationship of this pool with PtdIns(4,5)P2 pools involved in Ca2+ signalling by expressing in Chinese-hamster ovary cells full-length SJ-1 or its 5-Pase (inositol 5-phosphatase) domain. SJ-1 significantly attenuated the generation of Ca2+ oscillations induced by ATP and the 5-Pase domain mimicked this effect. These changes correlated with increased PtdIns(4,5)P2 phosphatase activity of cellular extracts. Overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum-anchored PtdIns(4)P phosphatase Sac1 did not affect Ca2+ oscillations, although it increased the Ca2+ efflux rate from intracellular stores. The ability of SJ-1 to alter intracellular Ca2+ signalling indicates a close functional interrelationship between plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2 pools that control actin and endocytosis and those involved in the regulation of specific spatio-temporal Ca2+ signals.
Polymeric and Monomeric Human Growth Hormone Binding to Rat Liver Plasma Membranes

The binding of monomeric and polymeric [125I]hGH to rat liver plasma membranes was studied to define the characteristics of hGH binding and to explore the possible physiological significance of polymeric hGH. Monomeric and polymeric hGH, isolated from clinical grade hGH by gel filtration, represent approximately 44 and 35% of the protein in clinical gradehGH, respectively. The radioimmunoreactivity of polymeric hGH to hGH antibody was approximately 3% of that of monomeric hGH. Both polymeric and monomeric hGH bound to receptors on liver plasma membranes. Specific binding of both polymeric and monomeric hGH was similar with respect to time, affinity, temperature, pH, and monovalent cations. Binding of both polymeric and monomeric hGH was increased 4-fold by 100 DIM monovalent cation concentration. Calcium and magnesium produced a 9-fold increase in monomeric hGH binding between 10-100 mM concentration. Magnesium produced peak binding of polymeric hGH at 10 mM concentration whereas calcium produced only min...
Thermal stresses in an operating micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract A multi-physics model is developed to investigate the thermal stresses in a micro-tubular SOFC, based on a previously developed thermal-fluids model predicting cell operation. Mechanical properties of the anode and cathode are determined theoretically through composite structure approximation. Residual stresses arisen during the fabrication of the cell due to the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients are calculated by accounting for each fabrication process separately. The interactions between the cell, the sealant and the alumina tube are accounted for a better representation of the actual fuel cell test setup. The effect of sealant and alumina tube on the stress distribution in the cell is investigated and it is found out that near the fuel cell–sealant interface stress distribution changes significantly. The effect of spatial temperature gradient on the stress distribution is also analyzed and found to have a minimal impact for a typical fuel cell operation at mid-range current densities. The effects of oxygen vacancies caused by the reduction of the GDC electrolyte on the overall stress distribution are also shown. Oxygen vacancies of the electrolyte result in relaxation of the stresses due to the alleviation of mismatch in Young's modulus between different layers of the cell.
EXPANSION OF THE TWO-PARTICLE SCATTERING AMPLITUDE IN TERMS OF THE MATRIX ELEMENTS OF THE LORENTZ GROUP.

Starting from a dispersion relation, the scattering amplitude for two spinless particles is expanded in terms of the matrix elements of the unitary representations of the Lorentz group. The expansion consists of two parts: a background term and a series of pole terms. It is shown that this expansion leads to Regge-like behavior at large momentum transfers, and that each pole term and the background term in this expansion have the correct analytic structure in the momentum-transfer plane.
Analysis of the Migration of Rigid Polymers and Nanorods in a Rotating Viscometric Flow

The dynamics and rheology of a rigid polymer or nanorod suspended in a Newtonian, viscous fluid under torsional flow have been studied. Our theoretical analysis predicts that rigid rods migrate in the radial direction according to their orientational configuration which is controlled by the competition between the shear flow, which tends to align the rods in the direction of flow, and Brownian motion, which tends to randomize the orientation. Steady and transient distributions of the center-of-mass in a dilute solution are derived from a kinetic theory and are confirmed by performing a Brownian dynamics simulation. The migration shifts the distribution toward the axis of rotation and enhances the shear-thinning behavior of the suspension.
Gyrating strings: A New instability of black strings?

A thermodynamic argument is presented suggesting that near-extremal spinning D1-D5-P black strings become unstable when their angular momentum exceeds ${J}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}}=3{Q}_{1}{Q}_{5}/2\sqrt{2}$. In contrast, the dimensionally reduced black holes are thermodynamically stable. The proposed instability involves a phase in which the spin angular momentum above ${J}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}}$ is transferred to gyration of the string in space, i.e., to orbital angular momentum of parts of the string about the mean location in space. Thus the string becomes a rotating helical coil. We note that an instability of this form would yield a counter-example to the Gubser-Mitra conjecture, which proposes a particular link between dynamic black string instabilities and the thermodynamics of black strings. There may also be other instabilities associated with radiation modes of various fields. Our arguments also apply to the D-brane bound states associated with these black strings in weakly coupled string theory.
Cognitive Mode and Classroom Behavior.

The present study investigated the relationship between cognitive mode and classroom behavior. Seventy-six randomly selected elementary students were administered the Adapted Children's Form of Your Style of Learning and Thinking (SOLAT) to obtain their left, right, and integrated hemisphere cognitive mode scores, and were also rated by their classroom teachers on the Walker Problem Behavior Identification Checklist (WPBIC) and an informal learning/behavior problem checklist. Subjects determined to have a predominant right hemisphere cognitive mode (N = 38) scored significantly higher on the learning/behavior problem checklist and the WPBIC measures of acting-out, withdrawal, distractibility, and total scale score than did subjects with a predominant left hemisphere cognitive mode (N = 25) or a predominant integrated hemisphere cognitive mode (N = 13). Correlations between the cognitive mode scores and the behavior rating measures revealed that the right hemisphere cognitive mode scores correlated positively and significantly with the learning/behavior problem checklist and WPBIC measures of acting-out and distractibility, while integrated hemisphere cognitive mode scores correlated negatively and significantly with the learning/behavior problem checklist and the WPBIC measure of acting-out. Implications of the findings are discussed relative to the left-brained instructional practices of our educational system and the consequent learning/behavior problems experienced by students witha predominant right hemisphere cognitive mode.
Multi-temporal Sub-pixel Landsat ETM+ Classification of Isolated Wetlands in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA

The goal of this research was to determine the utility of subpixel processing of multi-temporal Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data for the identification and mapping of isolated wetlands ≥ 0.20 ha (0.50 acres) in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Segmentation and object-oriented analysis of Landsat ETM+ was used to map forested and emergent marsh isolated wetlands in Alachua County, Florida, previously; however, the isolated wetlands in our study area lacked the well-defined, high-contrast boundaries between wetland and surrounding upland needed to make this method successful. We developed a new methodology that incorporated Landsat ETM+; a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index mask; and subpixel matched filtering–which determines the apparent abundance of wetlands at subpixel levels in the presence of spectrally-mixed, unknown background through a partial unmixing algorithm–to map > 43 km2 (16 mi2) of isolated wetlands in our 1,189 km2 (459 mi2) study area. The final overall accuracy of the classification was 92.8%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.86; producer accuracy for isolated wetlands was 87.9% (omission error 12.1%) and user accuracy was 97.4% (commission error 2.6%). The subpixel matched filtering method used in this research appears to provide an effective means for mapping isolated wetlands ≥ 0.20 ha, especially those with boundaries that are not easily identified.
Lung Pathology in Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Treated with Fetal Surgical Intervention, Including Tracheal Occlusion

Fetal intervention for congenital diaphragmatic hernia was developed to lessen the high morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypoplasia. Lung pathology and morphometry in patients treated with fetal intervention have not been described. We report clinical and autopsy findings, as well as basic lung morphometry in 16 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with fetal intervention (12 cases tracheal occlusion; 4 cases hernia repair), and 19 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia without fetal intervention. All patients who underwent fetal intervention were born premature. Lung enlargement with increased lung-to-body weight ratio was observed with fetal tracheal occlusion, accompanied by lower than normal radial alveolar counts and increased alveolar size. Patients treated with tracheal occlusion also had early alveolar development (at 29.8, 30.6, and 30.9 wk postconceptual age) as well as mucous fluid pooling in airways and alveoli. All cases showed severe alveolar septal widening, more extensive in patients without fetal intervention. When grouped by postconceptual age, no statistically significant difference was found between patients with and without fetal intervention with respect to lung-to-body weight ratio, radial alveolar count, mean alveolar length, and relative arteriolar media thickness. Lung enlargement has been observed with fetal tracheal occlusion sonographically; our studies suggest that this is due in part to emphysema and mucous fluid pooling. The lung remains abnormal with low radial alveolar counts and increased alveolar size. Tracheal occlusion did not prevent development of lung pathology associated with pulmonary hypoplasia.
Urinary leukotriene E4 levels in high-altitude pulmonary edema. A possible role for inflammation.

Study objectives Inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). This study was designed to determine whether a marker of inflammation, urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4), is elevated in patients with HAPE. Design We conducted a case-control study to collect clinical data and urine samples from HAPE patients and healthy control subjects at moderate altitude (≥2727 m), and follow-up urine samples from HAPE patients following their return to low altitude (≤1,600 m). Setting Five medical clinics in Summit County, Colorado. Patients Questionnaire data were evaluated in 71 HAPE patients and 36 control subjects. Urinary LTE4 levels were determined from a random subset of 38 HAPE patients and 10 control subjects presenting at moderate altitude, and on 5 HAPE patients who had returned to low altitude. Measurements and Results Using an enzyme immunoassay technique, urinary LTE4 levels were found to be significantly higher in HAPE patients (123 [16 to 468] pg/mg creatinine, geometric mean [range]) than in control subjects (69 [38 to 135]), p=0.02. Following return to low altitude, urinary LTE4 levels fell significantly from 122 (41.8 to 309) to 53.6 (27.6 to 104) pg/mg creatinine (p=0.05). Urinary LTE4 levels were not related to age, sex, time at altitude, physical condition or habitual exercise, recent use of alcohol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or oxygen saturation. Clinical factors associated with HAPE included male sex, regular exercise, and recent use of NSAIDs. Conclusions We conclude that urinary LTE4 levels are elevated in patients with HAPE, supporting the view that HAPE involves inflammatory mechanisms.
52-Year-Old Woman With Intractable Nausea and Vomiting

A 52-year-old woman (gravida 3, para 3, abortus 0) presented to the emergency department with a recent history of intractable nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Three weeks before presentation, she had started taking oral contraceptives (OCPs), which were prescribed to control dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The bleeding was thought to be secondary to a newly discovered uterine fibroid. The patient's daily bleeding had stopped completely 4 days before admission. Her symptoms had begun 1 day before admission, when she woke up feeling nauseated and could not stop vomiting. She thought she had the flu and postponed coming to the hospital. The patient described lower quadrant abdominal pain and several bloody, soft stools the day before admission. She denied any fevers or diarrhea. Her medical history was unremarkable, and she reported only osteoarthritis and a prior tubal ligation. She denied taking any daily medications except for the OCPs, which she had also taken at the age of 19 years with no problems. The patient had a clinically relevant smoking history, having smoked 1 to 2 packs per day since the age of 14 years. She drank wine socially.
Renormalization group analysis of polymer cyclization with non-equilibrium initial conditions.

We develop a renormalization group approach for cyclizing polymers for the case when chain ends are initially close together (ring initial conditions). We analyze the behavior at times much shorter than the longest polymer relaxation time. In agreement with our previous work (Europhys. Lett. 73, 621 (2006)) we find that the leading time dependence of the reaction rate k(t) for ring initial conditions and equilibrium initial conditions are related, namely k ring(t) ∝ t -δ and k eq(t) ∝ t 1-δ for times less than the longest polymer relaxation time. Here δ is an effective exponent which approaches δ = 5/4 for very long Rouse chains. Our present analysis also suggests a “sub-leading” term proportional to (ln t)/t which should be particularly significant for smaller values of the renormalized reaction rate and early times. For Zimm dynamics, our RG analysis indicates that the leading time dependence for the reaction rate is k(t) ∼ 1/t for very long chains. The leading term is again consistent with the expected relation between ring and equilibrium initial conditions. We also find a logarithmic correction term which we “exponentiate” to a logarithmic form with a Landau pole. The presence of the logarithm is particularly important for smaller chains and, in the Zimm case, large values of the reaction rate.
Images of Europeans: transnational trust and support for European integration

Prior research on citizen support for European integration does not consider the influence of individuals’ evaluations of European nationalities. The model developed in this article argues that individuals harbour images regarding other European nationalities. These images, which are tied to the economic development of the nationalities’ country, influence transnational trust (the general trust that individuals put in another nationality). Transnational trust explains support for integration, for it facilitates cooperation among diverse groups. As a result, the overall transnational trust is important in explaining support for integration. In addition, trust in nationalities from poorer countries has a stronger impact on support than trust in nationalities from wealthier countries. This is due to the fact that nationalities from poorer countries occupy lower social strata and that these strata evoke specific images. Controlling for various factors, regression analysis of the European Election Study (2004 and 2009) and the Eurobarometer 64.2 (2005) data supports these claims.