cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abrogation of Retinoblastoma Protein Function by c-Abl through Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

The decision to enter the cell division cycle is governed by the interplay between growth activators and growth inhibitors. The retinoblastoma protein (RB) is an example of a growth inhibitor whose main function appears to be the binding and inactivation of key cell cycle activators. One target of RB is a proto-oncoprotein, the c-Abl tyrosine kinase. RB binds to the ATP-binding lobe in the kinase domain and inhibits the nuclear pool of c-Abl in quiescent and G1 cells. Phosphorylation of RB at G1/S releases c-Abl, leading to the activation of this nuclear tyrosine kinase. In this report, we describe the construction of a mutant Abl, replacing the ATP-binding lobe of c-Abl with that of c-Src. The mutant protein AS2 is active as a tyrosine kinase and can phosphorylate Abl substrates, such as the C-terminal repeated domain of RNA polymerase II. AS2, however, does not bind to RB, and its activity is not inhibited by RB. As a result, the nuclear pool of AS2 is no longer cell cycle regulated. Excess AS2, but not its kinase-defective counterpart, can overcome RB-induced growth arrest in Saos-2 cells. Interestingly, wild-type c-Abl, in both its kinase-active and -inactive forms, can also overcome RB. Furthermore, overexpression of a kinase-defective c-Abl in rodent fibroblasts accelerates the transition from quiescence to S phase and cooperates with c-Myc to induce transformation. These effects, however, do not occur with the kinase-defective form of AS2. Thus, the growth-stimulating function of the kinase-defective c-Abl is dependent on the binding and the abrogation of RB function. That RB function can be abolished by the overproduction of one of its binding proteins is consistent with the hypothesis that RB induces cell cycle arrest by acting as a "molecular matchmaker" to assemble protein complexes. Exclusive engagement of RB by one of its many targets is incompatible with the biological function of this growth suppressor protein.
Enhancing Speed Perception in Virtual Environments Through Training

The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which training can improve the speed perception of drivers in simulated environments. Seventy-two participants completed one of two driving simulator studies involving following a lead vehicle travelling at an unknown speed. Twenty-four subjects completed a training exercise to provide feedback at various speeds. The drivers who completed these short training exercises provided significantly better speed estimates without the aid of the speedometer during the driving trial. Given the close relationship between vehicle speed and many of the performance measures used in driving simulator studies, there may be a strong benefit in taking time to acclimate study participants to the how various speeds appear in a simulated environment. This can be done in a very short period of time, even as part of common procedures to acclimate the driver to the simulated environment.
Metal attenuation processes in a landfill containing coal combustion waste: Implications for remediation.

The 488-D Ash Basin (488-DAB) is an unlined, earthen landfill containing approximately 1 million t of dry ash and coal reject material at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site, South Carolina. The pyritic nature of the coal rejects has resulted in the formation of acidic drainage, which has contributed to groundwater deterioration and threatened biota in adjacent wetlands. Establishment of a vegetation cover to both deplete oxygen through biological means and optimize evapotranspiration has been established as a remedial alternative for reducing acidic drainage generation in the 488-DAB. To determine the potential benefits of a cover, a series of characterization studies were conducted prior to field deployment to gain a better understanding of the metal attenuation processes and to use water quality and substrate data to evaluate the potential effectiveness of this remedial approach. The characterization study indicated that metal attenuation was primarily controlled by fluctuating redox and pH gradients associated with alternating saturated and unsaturated conditions in the basin. Based on this information, a vegetative cover could reduce the production of acid leachate over time, pending that oxygen transport to the subsurface is limited.
Midlevel Ventilation's Constraint on Tropical Cyclone Intensity

Abstract Midlevel ventilation, or the flux of low-entropy air into the inner core of a tropical cyclone (TC), is a hypothesized mechanism by which environmental vertical wind shear can constrain a tropical cyclone’s intensity. An idealized framework based on steadiness, axisymmetry, and slantwise neutrality is developed to assess how ventilation affects tropical cyclone intensity via two possible pathways: the first through downdrafts outside the eyewall and the second through eddy fluxes directly into the eyewall. For both pathways, ventilation has a detrimental effect on tropical cyclone intensity by decreasing the maximum steady-state intensity significantly below the potential intensity, imposing a minimum intensity below which a TC will unconditionally decay, and providing an upper-ventilation bound beyond which no steady tropical cyclone can exist. Ventilation also decreases the thermodynamic efficiency as the eyewall becomes less buoyant relative to the environment, which compounds the effects of v...
Compact Microwave Mercury Ion Clock for Deep-Space Applications

We have recently completed a breadboard ion-clock physics package based on Hg ions shuttled between a quadrupole and a 16-pole rf trap. With this architecture we have demonstrated short-term stability ~1-2times10-13 at 1 second, averaging to 10-15 at 1 day. This development shows that H-maser quality stabilities can be produced in a small clock package, comparable in size to an ultra-stable quartz oscillator required for holding 1-2times10-13 second. This performance was obtained in a sealed vacuum configuration where only a getter pump was used to maintain vacuum. The vacuum tube containing the traps has now been under sealed vacuum conditions for nearly two years with no measurable degradation of ion trapping lifetimes or clock short-term performance. We have fabricated the vacuum tube, ion trap and UV windows from materials that will allow a ~400degC tube bake-out to prepare for tube seal-off. This approach to the vacuum follows the methods used in flight vacuum tube electronics, such as flight TWTA's where tube operation lifetime and shelf life of up to 15 years is achieved. We use neon as a buffer gas with 2-3 times less pressure induced frequency pulling than helium and, being heavier, negligible diffusion losses will occur over the operation lifetime.
Comparison of approaches to alleviate problems with high-dimensional and class-imbalanced data

Two of the most challenging problems in data mining are working with imbalanced datasets and with datasets which have a large number of attributes. In this study we compare three different approaches for handling both class imbalance and high dimensionality simultaneously. The first approach consists of sampling followed by feature selection, with the training data being built using the selected features and the original (unsampled) data. The second approach is similar, except that it uses the sampled data (and selected features) to build the training data. In the third approach, feature selection takes place before sampling, and the training data is based on the sampled data. To compare these three approaches, we use seven groups of datasets covering different application domains, employ nine feature rankers from three different families, and generate artificial class noise to better simulate real-world datasets. The results differ from an earlier work and show that the first and third approaches perform, on average, better than the second approach.
Dietary Management of Renal Failure in Infants and Children Principles of Nutritional Therapy and Some Representative Diets

The continued success of hemodialysis and later kidney trans plantation when feasible have made these the accepted and recognized modes of therapy for children with terminal renal disease. As survival rates improve, dietary therapy is most important in bring ing the patients to transplant in the best possible condition. The present paper not only reviews the known nutritional principles in the control of renal failure, but also offers practical guidelines and diets for good management of uremic infants and children.
Gender and the Religion of Ancient Egypt

This article will address the issue of gender within the framework of ancient Egyptian religion. Two primary areas of importance will be explored; the role of gender in the divine world, and the role of gender for the practitioners of the religion. The religion of ancient Egypt was especially concerned with aspects of gender because of their focus on fertility and spiritual rebirth, concepts which were often expressed using gendered language and visual metaphors. The second part of the article explores the ways in which women negotiated the primarily male dominated religious hierarchy. The practice of Egyptian religion was also affected because of the gender roles that men and women played in their society. The temple was not simply a religious edifice, but also had administrative aspects that women were normally excluded from. This did not mean women were excluded from meaningful participation in the cult, but rather they forged an identity based on providing music for the cult in various ways.
Orthopedic disorders in neonatal foals.

The first month of life is one of the most vulnerable times for any species, and foals are no exception. It is a time where foals must adjust to their environment while still somewhat compromised immunologically, and their musculoskeletal systems are rapidly growing and adjusting to the stresses applied from an increasing amount of exercise. Therefore, if a foal is born with or rapidly acquires an abnormality or disease related to the musculoskeletal system, rapid adjustments must be made to allow the foal to grow and respond so that future athletic performance will be minimally compromised. Problems must be identified early, which requires multiple thorough examinations so that appropriate steps can be taken. When problems are identified, treatment often entails a complex mixture of conservative therapy (eg, exercise adjustment), medical therapy, or surgery. This article summarizes treatment options for orthopedic disorders that tend to be present or become clinically evident within the first month of life. Those disorders that are likely present but do not manifest clinically until later in life, such as osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), will not be discussed in this chapter.
Finite-dimensional compensators for the H/sup /spl infin//-optimal control of infinite-dimensional system via a Galerkin-type approximation

We study the existence of general finite-dimensional compensators in connection with the H/sup /spl infin//-optimal control of linear time-invariant systems on a Hilbert space with noisy output feedback. The approach adopted uses a Galerkin-type approximation, where there is no requirement for the system operator to have a complete set of eigenvectors. We show that if there exists an infinite-dimensional compensator delivering a specific level of attenuation, then a finite-dimensional compensator exists and achieves the same level of disturbance attenuation. In this connection, we provide a complete analysis of the approximation of infinite-dimensional generalized Riccati equations by a sequence of finite-dimensional Riccati equations. As an illustration of the theory developed, we provide a general procedure for constructing finite-dimensional compensators for robust control of flexible structures.
The role of transforming growth factor-β in suppression of hepatic metastasis from colon cancer

Background The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the development of hepatic metastasis from colon cancer is not clearly elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the role of TGF-β in the development of such metastasis.
San Francisco Bay Area Earthquake Simulations: A Step Toward a Standard Physical Earthquake Model

Earthquakes in California's San Francisco Bay Area are likely to be more strongly affected by stress interaction than earthquakes in any other place in the world because of the region's closely spaced, subparallel distribution of faults. I believe, therefore, that meaningful quantification of earthquake probability and hazard in the Bay Area can be made only with the guidance provided by physically based and regionwide earthquake models that account for this interaction. This article represents a first step in developing a standard physical earthquake model for the San Francisco Bay Area through realistic, 3000-year simulations of earthquakes on all of the area's major faults. These simulations demonstrate that a standard physical earthquake model is entirely feasible, they illustrate its application, and they blueprint its construction. A standard physical earthquake model provides the mechanism to integrate fully the diverse disciplines within the earthquake research community. As a platform for data utilization and verification, a physical earthquake model can employ directly any earthquake property that is measurable in the field or in the laboratory to tune and test its seismicity products. As a platform for probability forecasts, a physical earthquake model can supply rational estimates of every imaginable earthquake statistic while simultaneously satisfying all slip and earthquake rate constraints. As a platform for hazard analysis, a physical earthquake model can compute earthquake shaking intensity from first principles by convolving a full suite of rupture scenarios with site-specific dislocation Green's functions. Physical earthquake models have advanced greatly in the last decade. Simulations of earthquake generation and recurrence are now sufficiently credible that such calculations can begin to take substantial roles in scientific studies of earthquake probability and hazard. Manuscript received 9 March 1999.
Spatial Modulation of Primate Inferotemporal Responses by Eye Position

Background: A key aspect of representations for object recognition and scene analysis in the ventral visual stream is the spatial frame of reference, be it a viewer-centered, object-centered, or scene-based coordinate system. Coordinate transforms from retinocentric space to other reference frames involve combining neural visual responses with extraretinal postural information. Methodology/Principal Findings: We examined whether such spatial information is available to anterior inferotemporal (AIT) neurons in the macaque monkey by measuring the effect of eye position on responses to a set of simple 2D shapes. We report, for the first time, a significant eye position effect in over 40% of recorded neurons with small gaze angle shifts from central fixation. Although eye position modulates responses, it does not change shape selectivity. Conclusions/Significance: These data demonstrate that spatial information is available in AIT for the representation of objects and scenes within a non-retinocentric frame of reference. More generally, the availability of spatial information in AIT calls into questions the classic dichotomy in visual processing that associates object shape processing with ventral structures such as AIT but places spatial processing in a separate anatomical stream projecting to dorsal structures.
A comparison of questionnaire and physiological data in predicting future chronic disease risk factor status in an employee population.

Abstract Background. The ideal screening tool for worksite health screening programs has not yet been identified, and the effectiveness of screening programs in predicting future chronic disease risk factors status is not well understood. This study compared two commonly used screening tools, health-related questionnaires and measurement of physiological parameters, in terms of their ability to predict future chronic disease risk factor status in an employee population. Methods. Data were collected over a 10-year period from Liberty Corporation employees (N = 723). Baseline evaluation included the administration of questionnaires and measurement of physiological data. Follow-up evaluation measured physiological data only. Regression analyses identified the statistically significant predictors of future risk factor status using 1) baseline questionnaire data; 2) baseline physiological data; and 3) both questionnaire and physiological data as predictor variables. Results. Although both screening methods wer...
Nature, Applications, and Limitations of Neuropsychological Assessment following Traumatic Brain Injury

Neuropsychological assessment can provide information about the personality, behavior, mental abilities, learned skills, and rehabilitation potential of persons who have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is a psychological assessment procedure in that its primary data come from behavioral observations and its goal is to enhance understanding of behavior. It is neuropsychological in its use of specialized examination techniques requiring an educated appreciation of brain—behavior relationships and in its goal of elucidating behavioral manifestations of brain functions, both impaired and preserved. It is an assessment procedure in that it involves a comprehensive evaluation of the subject by means of a process that integrates test and other examination findings with information from other sources (e.g., data from the individual’s social, educational, employment, and psychological history). Neuropsychological assessments will usually include direct observations of the subject but may or may not involve formal (i.e., standardized, published) tests (Lezak, 1995). The information obtained through neuropsychological assessment may help clinicians and research scientists to understand the nature of the underlying insult to the brain. In making apparent the neuropsychological competencies and deficiencies of TBI patients and the course of their neuropsychological functioning, appropriate assessments can guide the rehabilitation process.
microRNA-10b Is Overexpressed and Critical for Cell Survival and Proliferation in Medulloblastoma

This study demonstrates the effects of miRNA-10b on medulloblastoma proliferation through transcriptional induction of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. Using a cancer specific miRNA-array, high expression of miRNA-10b in medulloblastoma cell lines compared to a normal cerebellar control was shown, and this was confirmed with real time PCR (RT-PCR). Two medulloblastoma cell lines (DAOY and UW228) were transiently transfected with control miRNA, miRNA-10b inhibitor or miRNA-10b mimic and subjected to RT-PCR, MTT, apoptosis, clonogenic assay and western blot analysis. Transfection of miRNA-10b inhibitor induced a significant down-regulation of miRNA-10b expression, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis, while miRNA-10b mimic exerted an opposite effect. Inhibition of miRNA-10b abrogated the colony-forming capability of medulloblastoma cells, and markedly down-regulated the expression of BCL2. Down-regulation of BCL2 by antisense oligonucleotides or siRNA also significantly down-regulated miRNA-10b, suggesting that BCL2 is a major mediator of the effects of miRNA-10b. ABT-737 and ABT-199, potent inhibitors of BCL2, downregulated the expression of miRNA-10b and increased apoptosis. Analysis of miRNA-10b levels in 13 primary medulloblastoma samples revealed that the 2 patients with the highest levels of miRNA-10b had multiple recurrences (4.5) and died within 8 years of diagnosis, compared with the 11 patients with low levels of miRNA-10b who had a mean of 1.2 recurrences and nearly 40% long-term survival. The data presented here indicate that miRNA-10b may act as an oncomir in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis, and reveal a previously unreported mechanism with Bcl-2 as a mediator of the effects of miRNA-10b upon medulloblastoma cell survival.
Spectroscopic Study of Rh 105 by Direct ( He 3 , d ) and ( p , α ) Reactions

The level structure of $_{45}\mathrm{Rh}^{105}$, below 2 MeV in excitation, was studied by ${\mathrm{Ru}}^{104}({\mathrm{He}}^{3},d){\mathrm{Rh}}^{105}$ at ${E}_{{\mathrm{He}}^{3}}=18$ MeV, and by ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{108}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Rh}}^{105}$ at ${E}_{p}=15$ MeV. An Enge split-pole spectrograph was used for high-resolution analysis of the reaction products. Particle detection for deuterons was achieved with nuclear emulsions, while position-sensitive "triode" counters were used for the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles. Targets were kept thin enough to permit total experimental resolutions of 12-13 keV. Comparison of 17 measured (${\mathrm{He}}^{3},d$) angular distributions with nonlocal, finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation (DWBA) calculations indicated a predominance of $l=2$ transfers, and yielded ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ limits for the more strongly excited states. Differential ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{108}(p,\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Rh}}^{105}$ cross sections were obtained over the angular range of from 8 to 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and complement the (${\mathrm{He}}^{3},d$) measurements, frequently exciting levels not seen in proton stripping. DWBA triton-cluster transfer calculations reproduce the empirically observed $l=1 j$ dependence. A weaker, but detectable, $j$ dependence is predicted for $l=3$. The observed ${\mathrm{Rh}}^{105}$ energy-level scheme is compared with weak-coupling-model expectations and the results of earlier $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay studies.
Automatic targetless extrinsic calibration of a 3D lidar and camera by maximizing mutual information

This paper reports on a mutual information (MI) based algorithm for automatic extrinsic calibration of a 3D laser scanner and optical camera system. By using MI as the registration criterion, our method is able to work in situ without the need for any specific calibration targets, which makes it practical for in-field calibration. The calibration parameters are estimated by maximizing the mutual information obtained between the sensor-measured surface intensities. We calculate the Cramer-Rao-Lower-Bound (CRLB) and show that the sample variance of the estimated parameters empirically approaches the CRLB for a sufficient number of views. Furthermore, we compare the calibration results to independent ground-truth and observe that the mean error also empirically approaches to zero as the number of views are increased. This indicates that the proposed algorithm, in the limiting case, calculates a minimum variance unbiased (MVUB) estimate of the calibration parameters. Experimental results are presented for data collected by a vehicle mounted with a 3D laser scanner and an omnidirectional camera system.
The FKG inequality for the Yukawa2 quantum field theory

We establish the FKG correlation inequality for the Euclidean scalar Yukawa2 quantum field model and, when the Fermi mass is zero, for pseudoscalar Yukawa2. To do so we approximate the quantum field model by a lattice spin system and show that the FKG inequality for this system follows from a positivity condition on the fundamental solution of the Euclidean Dirac equation with external field. We prove this positivity condition by applying the Vekua-Bers theory of generalized analytic functions.
The Science-Fiction of Corporate Criminal Liability: Containing the Machine Through the Corporate Death Penalty

Corporate crime imposes costly externalities upon our economy and has harmed investor confidence leading to an unnecessarily high cost of capital. Management that tolerates and even fosters a criminal culture is largely beyond the reach of the law because of the difficulty of convicting individuals absent evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that they acted with mens rea. The Corporate Death Penalty Act would impose a three strikes standard on corporations to address recidivism. Although the Act would rarely apply, it would shield innocent shareholders and employees from costs associated with the sanction of dissolution, through the appointment of a trustee, focused on divorcing management that is demonstrably promiscuous regarding crime from the assets of the corporation.
Prices, Costs and Marketing Margins for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

T HE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE has calculated marketing margins for farm food products since the middle thirties. During the past decade, a number of researchers have investigated factors affecting the behavior of margins for individual products or product groups.1 Most frequently these studies have concentrated on the effects of changes in costs and volume marketed on the level of margins. In this study, we have attempted to measure the effects of a more inclusive group of factors which might be expected to have some effect on margins.
Development of the pituitary adrenal axis in fetal sheep twins

Plasma cortisol increases in fetuses at term and is important for overall development. This study was designed to determine whether cortisol increases synchronously in twin fetal sheep and whether ...
Zinc and Flunitrazepam Modulation of GABA-Mediated Currents in Rat Suprachiasmatic Neurons

Strecker, G. J., W. K. Park, and F. E. Dudek. Zinc and flunitrazepam modulation of GABA-mediated currents in rat suprachiasmatic neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 184–191, 1999. The suprachiasmatic nuc...
POWERED FLIGHT FROM PASSIVELY FLAPPING WINGS

![][1] Flags flap in the wind. What if wings also did? A recent paper from Oscan Curet, Sharon Swartz and Kenneth Breuer at Brown University shows that an aeroelastic instability, similar to flag flapping, could have provided an impetus for some gliding animals to shift to actively
Characterization of Aircraft Structural Damage Using Guided Wave Based Finite Element Analysis for In-Flight Structural Health Management

The development of multidisciplinary Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) tools will enable accurate detection, diagnosis and prognosis of damage under normal and adverse conditions during flight. The adverse conditions include loss of control caused by environmental factors, actuator and sensor faults or failures, and structural damage conditions. A major concern is the growth of undetected damage/cracks due to fatigue and low velocity foreign object impact that can reach a critical size during flight, resulting in loss of control of the aircraft. To avoid unstable catastrophic propagation of damage during a flight, load levels must be maintained that are below the load-carrying capacity for damaged aircraft structures. Hence, a capability is needed for accurate real-time predictions of safe load carrying capacity for aircraft structures with complex damage configurations. In the present work, a procedure is developed that uses guided wave responses to interrogate damage. As the guided wave interacts with damage, the signal attenuates in some directions and reflects in others. This results in a difference in signal magnitude as well as phase shifts between signal responses for damaged and undamaged structures. Accurate estimation of damage size and location is made by evaluating the cumulative signal responses at various pre-selected sensor locations using a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization procedure. The damage size and location is obtained by minimizing the difference between the reference responses and the responses obtained by wave propagation finite element analysis of different representative cracks, geometries and sizes.
The Characteristics of Scientific Translation and its Study on Aesthetics

In the process of translation of scientific English, the emphasis is the logic of the article and the accuracy of the use ofwords. However, the content of these aspects can not be ignored."Aesthetics Translation is mainly on the basis of aesthetics andlinguistics and other related knowledge. And it will be revealed by interlingual transferring in the process of aesthetic orientation."It means that the translator expresses the content through the aesthetic concept in showing rhetorical skills. Generally speaking, therhetorical skills in scientific and technological articles can be less represtented, and it can be represtented in the strict scientific at-titude that convey to the readers. It is the characteristic of scientific and technological articles. In the process of translation, the ap-propriate modification of the article is very important and it enhances the reader's feelings. In general, the translation of scientificand technical English has its beautiful language. The scientific and technological translation should also be consistent with the rele-vant aesthetic knowledge, so that it has a certain aesthetic function.
Sporadic encephalitis lethargica: A case treated successfully with ECT

A patient who presented with seizures, opisthotonos, catatonia, and autonomic dysfunction developed features consistent with sporadic encephalitis lethargica. She received a course of ECT and had full recovery.
Carbonic anhydras inhibition in the management of symptomatic peptic ulcers. Clinical studies with diamox on 125 patients.

One hundred and twenty-five patients suffering from symptomatic peptic ulcer were treated with Diamox and a Sippy diet while in hospital, and with Diamox and a convalescent ulcer diet or regular diet following their discharge from hospital. Response, as based on subjective, x-ray, laboratory, and clinical studies, was very favorable in our series. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by Diamox produced a sustained prolonged metabolic acidosis in almost all our patients and this metabolic change could be maintained as long as the patient was taking Diamox. The mode of action of Diamox on the gastric mucosa, blood chemistry, and urine was discussed. A daily dose of 1.0 gm. Diamox was well-tolerated, and only 30 of 125 patients experienced mild tingling in their extremities. The hemogram failed to reveal any abnormalities even in those patients who were taking Diamox for 5 to 6 months or longer. We thus recommend combined Diamox and Sippy regimen in those patients who are subject to hyperacidity and symptomatic peptic ulcers and who are not subject to any systemic disease, which would contraindicate the use of Diamox. Diamox was found to be of prompt value in relieving symptoms in one patient who was subject to the “milk alkali syndrome.” It is our impression that patients taking antacids and an excessive amount of milk should supplement that regimen with at least 250 mg. of Diamox daily to induce a mild or moderate degree of metabolic acidosis, which has definite beneficial effects on gastric hyperacidity. Also Diamox with Sippy diet or Diamox with convalescent ulcer or regular diet are regimens well-suited to the treatment of peptic ulcers.
Engineered Nanoparticles and the Immune System: Interaction and Consequences

During the last two decades, engineered nanomaterial/nanoparticles have emerged in different fields of our daily life. In fact they are used for a variety of applications, such as colour pigments, solar cells, and waste water treatment. Furthermore, nanoparticles are found in consumer products that may be in contact with the human organism, e.g., food packaging, shampoos, sunscreens, toothpastes, and cigarettes. Thus, it is of great importance to evaluate how nanoparticles interact both with human beings and with the environment, considering that nanoparticles are assimilated as waste in the environment and introduced in the food chain.
QUANTUM THEORY : WEIRD AND WONDERFUL

Quantum mechanics is a great deal more than a theory; it is a whole new way of looking at the world. When it was developed in the l920s, quantum mechanics was viewed primarily as a way of making sense of the host of observations at the level of single electrons, atoms or molecules that could not be explained in terms of Newtonian mechanics and Maxwell an electrodynamics. Needless to say, it has been spectacularly successful in this task.
A Barcoding Strategy Enabling Higher-Throughput Library Screening by Microscopy.

Dramatic progress has been made in the design and build phases of the design–build–test cycle for engineering cells. However, the test phase usually limits throughput, as many outputs of interest are not amenable to rapid analytical measurements. For example, phenotypes such as motility, morphology, and subcellular localization can be readily measured by microscopy, but analysis of these phenotypes is notoriously slow. To increase throughput, we developed microscopy-readable barcodes (MiCodes) composed of fluorescent proteins targeted to discernible organelles. In this system, a unique barcode can be genetically linked to each library member, making possible the parallel analysis of phenotypes of interest via microscopy. As a first demonstration, we MiCoded a set of synthetic coiled-coil leucine zipper proteins to allow an 8 × 8 matrix to be tested for specific interactions in micrographs consisting of mixed populations of cells. A novel microscopy-readable two-hybrid fluorescence localization assay for p...
Ethnic and Sex Differences in Adiponectin: From Childhood to Adulthood.

Context: Insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes are increasing, particularly in Hispanic (H) vs non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations. Adiponectin has a known role in IR, and therefore, understanding ethnic and sex-specific behavior of adiponectin across the lifespan is of clinical significance. Objective: To compare ethnic and sex differences in adiponectin, independent of body mass index, across the lifespan and relationship to IR. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Primary care, referral center. Patients: A total of 187 NHW and 117 H participants (8–57 y) without diabetes. Life stage: pre-/early puberty (Tanner 1/2), midpubertal (Tanner 3/4), late pubertal (Tanner 5, <21 years), and adult (Tanner 5, ≥21). Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Fasting adiponectin, insulin, glucose, and revised homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Results: Adiponectin was significantly inversely correlated with revised homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Regarding puberty, adipon...
Treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts by percutaneous CT-guided injection of calcitonin and steroid.

To determine the efficacy and safety of percutaneous calcitonin and steroid injection in the treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs). Our study was IRB-approved and HIPAA-compliant. We reviewed pre- and post-procedural imaging studies and medical records of all CT-guided percutaneous injections of ABCs with calcitonin and steroid performed at our institution between 2003 and 2015. Treatment success based on imaging was categorized as substantial (51–100 %), partial (1–50 %), or none (0 %) by comparing radiographs of the lesion before and after treatment. Our study group comprised 9 patients (7 female, 2 male; mean age 19 ± 5 (range 12–25) years). ABCs were located in the pubis (n = 3), femur (n = 2), and humerus/scapula/ilium/sacrum (n = 1 for each). One patient did not have any clinical or imaging follow-up. For the other 8 patients, clinical and imaging follow-up ranged from 1 to 93 months (mean 16 ± 29 months). One patient had two injections, and 1 patient had three injections. Six out of eight patients (75 %) had complete symptomatic relief and 2 patients (25 %) had partial symptomatic relief after initial injection. Imaging follow-up revealed substantial imaging response in 4 out of 8 patients (50 %). There was a partial imaging response in 2 patients (25 %) and no imaging response in 2 out of 8 patients (25 %), and all 4 of these patients had local recurrence. There were no complications. Percutaneous CT-guided injection of ABCs with calcitonin and steroid is a safe and effective treatment. Lack of imaging response may necessitate more aggressive treatment to minimize local recurrence.
Genetic ablation of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein/StarD2 in ob/ob mice improves glucose tolerance without increasing energy expenditure

Objective Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP; synonym StarD2) is highly expressed in liver and oxidative tissues. PC-TP promotes hepatic glucose production during fasting and aggravates glucose intolerance in high fat fed mice. However, because PC-TP also suppresses thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), its direct contribution to obesity-associated diabetes in mice remains unclear. Here we examined the effects of genetic PC-TP ablation on glucose homeostasis in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, which exhibit both diabetes and altered thermoregulation.
Yeasts and Molds Isolated from Spoiling Citrus Products and By-Products

A variety of citrus products, including dried peel used as livestock fodder, unpasteurized orange juice and pasteurized, and chilled orange juice were selectively surveyed for their fungal microflora. Fungi isolated were 1) pasteurized orange juice: Aureobasidium pullulans , Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp., 2) unpasteurized orange juice: Candida maltosa , C. sake , Fusarium sp., Geotrichum sp., Hanseniaspora sp., H. guilliermondii , Penicillium sp., Pichia membranaefaciens , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Schwanniomyces occidentalis , and Torulaspora delbrueckii and 3) dried peel: Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus sp., Byssochlamys sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Rhodotorula sp., Sc. occidentalis , and Trichoderma sp.
Investigating the Relationship Between TPACK and the ISTE Standards for Teachers

Technology is rapidly changing American classrooms. This has profound implications for teacher preparatory institutions seeking to ready pre-service teachers to thrive in technology-integrated environments. Two frameworks have been developed that aide teacher-educators in designing programs that help pre-service teachers integrate technology during their instruction. The first, titled, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Mishra & Koehler, 2006), primarily emphasizes what effective technology integrators know. The second, titled, the National Education Technology Standards for Teachers (International Society for Technology in Education, 2008), primarily emphasizes what effective technology integrators do. To this point, little progress has been made determining if relationships exist between these frameworks. This study explores the existence of a relationship between pre-service teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge levels and their technology proficiencies described by the National Education Technology Standards for Teachers. https://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_itet_v4i1_desantis
Philanthropy in 18th-Century Central Europe: Evangelical Reform and Commerce

This article focuses on the close linkage between domestic philanthropy and commerce at the end of the early modern period, and the sophistication with which well-connected evangelical institutions transcended the confines of established religion and territorial boundaries. Use of a large set of primary and secondary sources that are relatively unknown in the history of the voluntary sector permits the examination and analysis of several notable aspects of the Francke Orphanage Foundations, an 18th-century central European institution of evangelical reform and colonial mission. Particular attention is given to the innovative efforts of their founder, August Hermann Francke, to secure an independent financial base for his institutional goals. These goals, which were supported in large part by members of the German nobility and of merchants in the imperial cities, included but were not limited to reform of charity care and education. From the outset, a close network of personal supporters and evangelical institutions that extended throughout Protestant Europe proved essential for both trade and evangelical mission; this network permitted expansion into Russia and the Baltic provinces, Hungary, the Near East and India, and eventually the British North American colonies.
Attributes of Ingress Gaming Locations Contributing to Players' Place Attachment

People can become attached to gaming locations. Place attachment, in general, leads to positive outcomes such as conservation and civic engagement. With the advent of hybrid reality games, it is possible that gamers will become attached to the locations in the real world in which they play. The current study examines Ingress players' attachment to their favorite gaming location and how its characteristics facilitate the formation of place attachment in Ingress players. Players responded to a survey and indicated the characteristics of their favorite location, how often they played in that location and the degree to which they helped create the in-game elements associated with the location. Several factors led to increased place attachment including the role the player had in creating the gaming space, the degree to which the gaming space facilitates gamers being able to play in that location, and previous exposure to that location prior to having begun playing a hybrid reality game.
Isle of Misfit Ploys: The Cuban Embargo

The U.S.’s stance towards Cuba has historically used rhetoric about the lack of civil liberties, dictatorship, and security to defend the embargo put in place during the 1960s. Politicians of the era viewed communism in Cuba as an immediate threat that had to be snuffed out before it could infect the entire hemisphere. Their hope was that by isolating the island, Cuba’s citizens would be compelled to fight for reform and institute their own democracy. That approach, however, has backfired entirely. Neither government is innocent — Cuba’s human rights record remains as poor as ever and the U.S. has almost singlehandedly destroyed the country’s economy and health system. Though guilt is shared, the U.S. alone controls the relationship’s future. Reforms are in their infancy, but in light of the turbulent past, there has been progress.
Assessment of Carina Position Antenatally and Postnatally in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective To determine whether endotracheal tube (ETT) insertion depth should be modified in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) to reduce the risk of main-stem intubation. Study design The distance from the thoracic inlet to the carina was measured antenatally by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 20-28 weeks' (early) and 30-34 weeks' (late) gestation in 30 infants with CDH and compared with 12 early and 36 late MRIs in control infants without CDH. Postnatal tube position was assessed by chest radiograph in the same 30 infants with CDH and compared with 20 control infants with postnatal birth depression. Results The carina position was displaced upward in fetuses and newborns with CDH. Distance from the thoracic inlet to the carina compared with controls was 1.04 ± 0.1 cm vs 1.42 ± 0.07 cm on early MRI (P Conclusion Cephalad displacement of the carina in infants with CDH may predispose them to right main-stem intubation and subsequent development of pneumothorax. We speculate that modifying the ETT insertion depth to 5.5 cm + weight in newborns born at term may prevent pneumothoraces and improve outcomes for infants with CDH.
Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Changes as Affected by Crop Rotation and Bio-covers in No-Till Crop Systems

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a potential negative-feedback for climate-warming gases in agriculture. The rate of no-tillage SOC storage is not well known due to large temporal and spatial biogeochemical and management variations. Therefore our objective was to compare long-term SOC fluxes at a no-till field site in Milan, Tennessee on Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs, in a split-block design with four replications. The whole-block was cropping sequences of corn, soybeans, and cotton with split-block bio-cover treatments of: winter wheat, hairy vetch, poultry litter, and a fallow control. Soil carbon flux was calculated at soil surfaces (0–5 cm) for years-0, 2, 4, and 8. During the first 2 years, small annual losses occurred in carbon over all treatments (1.40 Mg ha−1). During this time, cotton sequences lost significantly more surface SOC than other rotations. However, by year-4, SOC began to stabilize. By year-8, sequences with high frequencies of soybean and with greater temporal complexity generally gained greater SOC levels at 0–5 cm. Also, poultry litter bio-cover gained more surface SOC compared to wheat, vetch and fallow covers. Across all sequences and bio-covers, SOC had increased 1.47 Mg ha−1 after 8 years from pre-experimental levels of 9.20 Mg ha−1; suggesting long-term beneficial effects on C storage under no-till and diverse cropping sequences.
Transluminal Surgery: Is There a Place for Oncological Procedures?

Minimally invasive procedures performed through percutaneous, endoscopic, and endovascular access routes have changed the management of a variety of malignancies. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a novel access route to the peritoneal and thoracic cavities utilizing transvisceral incisions and flexible endoscopes to perform surgical procedures. NOTES appears to be feasible and preliminary clinical experience with NOTES is accumulating rapidly. Although few studies have described the use of NOTES in the oncologic setting, based on published data in humans and swine, it seems that NOTES has potential applications in cancer patients including diagnostic peritoneoscopy, thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy, lymph node resection, gastro-jejunostomy, solid organ resection, and intestinal resection. In spite of this potential, there are currently few data to support the superiority or even equivalence of NOTES to current surgical therapy. Additional data and clinical experience with NOTES will be required before definite conclusions can be drawn regarding future applications of NOTES in oncology.
Facilitating Advanced Urban Meteorology and Air Quality Modelling Capabilities with High Resolution Urban Database and Access Portal Tools

Information on urban morphological features at high resolution is needed to properly model and characterize the meteorological and air quality fields in urban areas. Here a project called National Urban Database with Access Portal Tool (NUDAPT) that addresses this need is described. NUDAPT is designed to produce gridded fields of urban canopy parameters to improve urban meteorological simulations. It makes use of the availability of high-resolution urban buildings and land use data. An important core-design feature is the utilization of Portal technology to enable NUDAPT to be a “Community” based system. Sensitivity studies showing air quality simulations driven with outputs from urban meteorology preprocessors using advanced urban descriptions are described.