cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of epidormal growth factor‐binding sites during differentiation of cementoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts of the young rat: A light and electron microscopic radioautographic study

Occurrence of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-binding sites during differentiation of cementoblasts and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts was investigated using radioautography after I. V. injection of 125I-EGF to 14-day-old rats. During differentiation of cementoblasts, a very low level of EGF-binding sites was present on the mesenchymal cells in dental follicle proper, precementoblasts, and cementoblasts. On the other hand, during differentiation of PDL fibroblasts, numerous EGF-binding sites were observed on the undifferentiated paravascular cells and on the perifollicular mesenchymes representing the major source of PDL fibroblast precursor cells. Also heavy labeling was observed throughout their differentiation to PDL fibroblasts, as well as during full synthetic activity as mature cells. Quantitative analysis of the light microscopic radioautographs revealed that these cells demonstrated approximately 4 grains per 100 microns 2 of cell area. These results suggest that EGF plays an important role in differentiation of PDL fibroblasts, but not in that of cementoblasts. Furthermore, the well-known in vivo effect of EGF in producing precocious eruption of teeth may be a consequence of a more extensive effect of EGF throughout differentiation of PDL fibroblasts as well as during full synthetic activity as mature cells.
Comparison of network analysis methods for computing complex propagation coefficients of dispersive transmission lines

Transmission lines of various degrees of dispersion are often designed and fabricated for use in high speed circuits and in metamaterials. The quick generation of dispersion diagrams and attenuation coefficient curves can be made from S-parameter measurements, with S21 alone being sufficient for generating dispersion diagrams. S21 is also sufficient to accurately measure the attenuation coefficient, group velocity, phase velocity, and effective index of refraction of highly dispersive transmission lines. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:758–761, 2014
Optimal Stochastic Search and Adaptive Momentum

Stochastic optimization algorithms typically use learning rate schedules that behave asymptotically as µ(t) = µ0/t. The ensemble dynamics (Leen and Moody, 1993) for such algorithms provides an easy path to results on mean squared weight error and asymptotic normality. We apply this approach to stochastic gradient algorithms with momentum. We show that at late times, learning is governed by an effective learning rate µeff = µ0/(1 - β) where β is the momentum parameter. We describe the behavior of the asymptotic weight error and give conditions on µeff that insure optimal convergence speed. Finally, we use the results to develop an adaptive form of momentum that achieves optimal convergence speed independent of µ0.
5 Territorial and Nonterritorial Routes to Power: Reconciling Evolutionary Ecological, Social Agency, and Historicist Approaches

We argue that evolutionary and ecological models of territorial behavior are useful to archaeologists holding varied theoretical positions. First, we explain how evolutionary and ecological approaches complement, rather than conflict with, social agency and historicist approaches. Second, we review and expand upon models from evolutionary ecology and their application to the ethnographic and archaeological records. This review reveals that territorial behavior spans a continuum from defense of selected resources, to control of “home ranges” or spheres of influence, to complete defense of a proscribed geographic area. Third, we emphasize that archaeologists and modelers should explicitly define the demographic scale of territorial behavior under consideration, given that resource defense by large groups requires solutions to collective action problems. Finally, we suggest that the economic defensibility logic underlying ecological models of territoriality applies to any resource type, not just territory. Furthermore, social and political power often require successfully defending spatial territory. [evolutionary ecology, economic defensibility, territoriality, human behavioral variation, archaeology]
Singular Perturbation Margin for Nonlinear Time-Invariant systems

In this paper, Singular Perturbation Margin (SP-M) is proposed as a phase margin like stability margin metric for Nonlinear (NL) systems established from the view of the singular perturbation (time-scale separation) parameter. Theorem 1 in this paper provides the SPM equivalence between Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) and Nonlinear Time-Invariant (NLTI) systems at the equilibrium point. However, unlike for linear systems, the SPM of the NL system may be reduced or even vanish when the size of Domain of Attraction (DOA) is imposed. Here, a concept, Radius of Attraction (ROA), is introduced as a conservative measure of the DOA for NL systems while taking into account the stability analysis in the neighborhood of an equilibrium point, based on which Theorem 2 offers the relationship between the SPM and the ROA for NLTI systems with the construction of Lyapunov function for the singularly perturbed model. The results developed here make it possible to develop SPM assessment methods for NLTI systems in the subsequent investigation using the corresponding LTI SPM estimating methods that have recently been developed.
Improving request compliance through robot affect

This paper describes design and results of a human robot interaction study aimed at determining the extent to which affective robotic behavior can influence participants' compliance with a humanoid robot's request in the context of a mock up search and rescue setting. The results of the study argue for inclusion of affect into robotic systems, showing that nonverbal expressions of negative mood (nervousness) and fear by the robot improved the participants' compliance with its request to evacuate, causing them to respond earlier and faster.
The Impact of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Mortality in Critically Ill Trauma Patients

METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of patients (aged 12 or older) drug tested by urine dipstick on admission to the University of North Carolina (UNC) level 1 trauma center from January 2012 to September 2013. Illicit substances included cocaine, amphetamine, marijuana, and phencyclidine. Patients testing positive only for analgesic substances (ie, opiates) were excluded. Basic demographics were collected. Outcomes variables analyzed included hospital and ICU lengths of stay (LOS), number of operations, Injury Severity Score, mortality, inhalation injury, and total body surface area (TBSA). Bivariate analysis of illicit drug users (IDUs) vs controls was performed. Agecontrolled regression then measured the effect of drug use on outcomes.
Department Store Choice and Gift Purchases: A Stepwise Logit Analysis

This study investigates national, chain department store versus small, independent department store attributes that affect store choices when making a gift purchase. Gift buying represents a significant proportion of retail sales and profits. The results indicate that consumers prefer buying clothing products as gifts in stores where they shop for their own personal consumption. Differences that affect department store choices when gift buying for a male versus a female are described. Marketing strategies to stimulate gift purchases are discussed.
Genome-wide analysis reveals selective modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs by histone deacetylase inhibitor in B cells induced to undergo class-switch DNA recombination and plasma cell differentiation

As we have suggested, epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), can interact with genetic programs to regulate B cell functions, thereby informing antibody and autoantibody responses. We have shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDI) inhibit the differentiation events critical to the maturation of the antibody response: class-switch DNA recombination (CSR), somatic hypermutation (SHM), and plasma cell differentiation, by modulating intrinsic B cell mechanisms. HDI repress the expression of AID and Blimp-1, which are critical for CSR/SHM and plasma cell differentiation, respectively, in mouse and human B cells by upregulating selected miRNAs that silenced AICDA/Aicda and PRDM1/Prdm1 mRNAs, as demonstrated by multiple qRT-PCRs (J Immunol 193:5933-5950, 2014). To further define the selectivity of HDI-mediated modulation of miRNA and gene expression, we performed genome-wide miRNA-Seq and mRNA-Seq analysis in B cells stimulated by LPS plus IL-4 and treated with HDI or nil. Consistent with what we have shown using qRT-PCR, these HDI-treated B cells displayed reduced expression of Aicda and Prdm1, and increased expression of miR-155, miR-181b, and miR-361, which target Aicda, and miR-23b, miR-30a, and miR-125b, which target Prdm1. In B cells induced to undergo CSR and plasma cell differentiation, about 23% of over 22,000 mRNAs analyzed were expressed at a significantly high copy number (more than 20 copies/cell). Only 18 (0.36%) of these highly expressed mRNAs, including Aicda, Prdm1, and Xbp1, were downregulated by HDI by 50% or more. Further, only 16 (0.30%) of the highly expressed mRNAs were upregulated (more than twofold) by HDI. The selectivity of HDI-mediated modulation of gene expression was emphasized by unchanged expression of the genes that are involved in regulation, targeting, or DNA repair processes of CSR, as well as unchanged expression of the genes encoding epigenetic regulators and factors that are important for cell signaling or apoptosis. Our findings indicate that, in B cells induced to undergo CSR and plasma cell differentiation, HDI modulate selected miRNAs and mRNAs, possibly as a result of HDACs existing in unique contexts of HDAC/cofactor complexes, as occurring in B lymphocytes, particularly when in an activated state.
Climate change and non-stationary population processes in fisheries management

Thepotential influenceof climate changeon the future distribution and abundance of fish (and therefore commercial fisheries and food security) is increasingly recognized in the fishery management community. A changing climate will likely have differing effects on different species; some will flourish, some will flounder. Management targets for fishing mortality and spawning biomass are often calculated by assuming stationary population processes, but under climate change, this assumption may be violated. Non-stationary population processes can introduce bias into estimates of biomass from stock assessments and calculations of target fishing mortalities and biomasses. However, few accepted frameworks exist for incorporating the changing influence of the environment on exploited populations into management strategies. Identifying changes in population processes due to environmental influences is important in order to enable climate-enhancedmanagement strategy evaluations to elucidate the potential benefits and costs of changing management targets. Cost/benefit analyses will also be useful when coincidentally caught species respond differently to environmental change.
Adsorption and Stability of π-Bonded Ethylene on GaP(110)

We have investigated the structural and electronic properties of individual ethylene molecules on the GaP(110) surface by combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (LT-STM/STS) with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Isolated molecules were adsorbed on in situ cleaved GaP(110) surfaces through ethylene exposures at 300 K and 15 K. DFT calculations suggest two possible stable adsorption geometries for a single ethylene molecule on GaP(110) at low temperature. High-resolution STM images, however, reveal only one adsorption geometry for this system, consistent with the site having the largest computed binding energy. Unlike adsorption of ethylene on other metallic and semiconducting surfaces, ethylene physisorbs to GaP(110) through a weak hybridization of molecular π-states with substrate surface states, leaving the frontier molecular orbitals largely unperturbed. Differential conductivity spectra acquired on single molecules are consistent with self-energy corrected...
RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF CHOLESTEROL IN PLASMA AND LIVER COMPARTMENTS OF CHICKS FED DIFFERENT FATTY ACIDS.

SummaryGrowing male chicks were fed a fat-free diet or this diet supplemented with stearic, oleic or linoleic acid, with or without added cholesterol. In cholesterol-fed chicks, dietary oleic or linoleic acid increased plasma and liver cholesterol levels and plasma lipid phosphorus levels. Oleic acid-fed chicks had lower plasma and higher liver cholesterol levels than did linoleic acid-fed animals. The total liver-plasma cholesterol pool was higher in oleic than in linoleic acid-fed chicks, but there was a significant difference in distribution of cholesterol between these two compartments. Total liver lipids paralleled liver cholesterol levels. The fatty acids fed had relatively little effect on the plasma and liver cholesterol levels of chicks receiving a cholesterol-free diet.
A Comparative Electron Microscopic Study of a Leiomyosarcoma and Bizarre Leiomyoma (Leiomyoblastoma) of The Stomach

Two grossly similar neoplasms of the stomach were studied with the light and electron microscope. They were diagnosed as well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoblastoma, respectively. The leiomyosarcoma cells contained scanty myofibrils as compared with normal smooth muscle but exhibited a striking number of mitochondria. The cells of the leiomyoblastoma exhibited more myofibrils, and its vacuolar nature was confirmed. Some of the vacuoles appeared to represent degeneration of mitochondria, others were clearly derived from rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and still others might well represent light cells among darker elements.
X-Linked Lissencephaly with Absent Corpus Callosum

Three new cases of the congenital syndrome consisting of X-linked lissencephaly, absent corpus callosum, and genital anomalies (XLAG) are reported from the University Hospital, Angers, France.
CALCULATION OF MINIMUM WALL TEMPERATURE AND INLET AIR TEMPERATURE OF REGENERATIVE AIR HEATER

The calculation formula of the heating surface metal temperature for hot section of the regenerative air heater has been deduced from the heat transfer principle,the problems existing in calculation of minimum wall temperature being analysed,and methods for improvement being put forward.For differently designed regenerative air heaters of two 200 MW boilers in one coal-fired power plant,the acid dew point temperature,the minimum wall temperature of hot section,and the inlet air temperature have been calculated and compared.The proposed method and results can be used as reference for choosing the reasonable inlet air temperature and optimizing the designed proportion of cold and hot sections of the heating surface.
World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension-Do These Differ From the U.S. Recommendations? Which Guidelines Should the Practicing Physician Follow?

The recent World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) recommendations for the treatment of hypertension are consistent with the guidelines established by the Sixth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) in the U.S. with several exceptions. Both reports define hypertension as a persistent elevation of blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg and advocate the lowering of blood pressure for all patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in addition to hypertension. The WHO-ISH report, however, suggests continuing monitoring without medication for subjects without other risk factors if pressures are not greater than 150/95 mm Hg. The JNC VI recommends drug therapy even in these subjects if blood pressures remain greater than 140/90 mm Hg after a 6-12 month period of nonpharmacologic interventions. Based on available data this would appear to be a more reasonable recommendation. The WHO-ISH indicates that all classes of medication are suitable initial therapy, despite the lack of morbidity and mortality data with several of them. The JNC VI continues to use outcome data to recommend diuretics or A -blockers as initial treatment. The WHO-ISH recommendations may prove to be appropriate-i.e., the lowering of blood pressure makes the difference and not which medication is used-There are some data to support this position but at present the strongest outcome data support the JNC VI recommendations. Both reports stress the importance of lowering blood pressure to levels of 130/85 mm Hg or even lower in patients with diabetes, renal, or heart failure. The addition of the WHO-ISH report should help to focus more clearly the need for better blood pressure control. (c)1999 by Le Jacq Communications, Inc.
Modeling of Single Event Coupling Delay and Speedup Effects

The coupling effects among interconnects need to be considered in single event hardening modeling and analysis of combinational logic due to scaling effects that increase both SE susceptibility and coupling effects. SETs generated on an affecting wire due to particle hits on driver transistors can also create delay changes on neighboring victim wires via cross-coupling effects if these lines are in switching. The delay change at victim receiver inputs can later translate into timing violations on the storage elements that are connected to these receivers. This chapter first introduces a worst-case delay (WCD) estimation method for use in design automation tools. Following the model introduction, it presents SE speedup effects caused by crosstalk and then introduces a best-case delay (BCD) estimation methodology. The SE coupling delay and speedup expressions derived show very good results in comparison to HSPICE results while allowing for a faster analysis.
Thomas Aquinas on Human Nature: Life after death

Aquinas believes that the human soul is immortal. His principal argument for this conclusion, in 75.6, rests on the soul's unique status as a form that is also a substance (§12.1). But to establish that the soul continues to exist apart from its body, he needs to show that the soul continues to function apart from its body. Q89 is devoted to explaining how the intellect continues to function in this way (§12.2). But the fact that a separated intellect can continue to function does not show that the soul survives death, and so Aquinas has to explain how such an intellect can still be considered a human soul (§12.3). He then faces the further problem of explaining how a separated soul can serve to sustain the existence of the human being. In fact, Aquinas believes that a separated soul is not a human being; the human being ceases to exist at death, and will come back into existence only with the resurrection of the body. Reflection on this doctrine sheds light on how, for Aquinas, material substances preserve their identity over time (§12.4). Incorruptibilis All human beings surely hope for life after death. What we hope for, quite simply, is that we ourselves will continue to exist, in some reasonably pleasant venue. Although the hope can be simply stated, it is a philosophically complex matter to determine what would have to be the case to ensure such personal survival. This chapter explores Aquinas's account of these issues.
The emergence of a pragmeme during the Middle English period

Abstract During the Middle English period, speakers exploited the newly emerging voiced interdental fricative phoneme to create the ubiquitous edh initial pragmeme found in Present Day English. Treating the emergence of the initial voiced interdental fricative as a purely phonological phenomenon that was manifested on members of a range of syntactic classes is problematic, as there is no specific phonetic environment against which to predict voicing of the members of just and exactly the contemporary set. How then can the appearance of this group of otherwise dissimilar lexemes have arisen? Traditional analyses fail to consider words with this initial voiced interdental fricative as a set, thus failing to identify the functional motivation driving the development of this pragmeme that consolidated and elaborated the role it plays in the modern language. This study explores the development of these words as a pragmatic form class during the Middle English and Early Modern English periods and then reviews their place in the contemporary language to reveal how social, syntactic, and pragmatic factors interacted in the creation of the modern edh initial pragmeme.
Acquisition of Physics Content Knowledge and Scientific Inquiry Skills in a Robotics Summer Camp

AbstractDespite the growing popularity of robotics competitions such as FIRST LEGO League, robotics activities are typically not found in regular K–12 classrooms. We speculate that, among other reasons, limited adoption is due to the lack of empirical evidence demonstrating the effect of robotics activities on curricular goals. This paper presents a mixed methods study exploring the impact of a summer robotics camp on middle school students’ physics content knowledge and scientific inquiry skills. It was found that the camp enhanced students’ physics content knowledge but failed to improve their skills in conducting scientific inquiry. Qualitative data provided an explanation of the findings.
Does Identification of Previously Undiagnosed Conditions Change Care-Seeking Behavior?

OBJECTIVE To determine whether identification of previously undiagnosed high cholesterol, hypertension, and/or diabetes during an in-home assessment impacts care seeking among Medicare beneficiaries. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, which recruited African American and white participants across the continental United States from 2003-2007, were linked to Medicare claims. STUDY DESIGN We used panel data models to analyze changes in doctor visits for evaluation and management of conditions after participants were assessed, utilizing the study's rolling recruitment to control for secular trends. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS We extracted Medicare claims for the 24 months before through 24 months after assessment via REGARDS for 5,884 participants. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Semi-annual doctor visits for previously undiagnosed conditions increased by 22 percentage points (95 percent confidence interval: 16-28) 2 years following assessment. The effect was similar by gender, race, region, and Medicaid, but it may have been lower among participants who lacked a usual health care provider. CONCLUSIONS In-home assessment of cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose can increase doctor visits for individuals with previously undiagnosed conditions. However, biomarker assessment may have more limited impact among individuals with low access to care.
Enhanced Binary Search Time-Efficient mmWave Beamforming Algorithm for NLOS Environments

Exhaustive search beamforming (BF) protocol of IEEE 802.11ad and IEEE 802.15.3c millimeter wave (mm-wave) communication standards consume time and power. A time-efficient iteration-based Binary Search Beamforming (BSB) protocol was introduced as a replacement for the BF clauses in the standards. In this paper, we propose an improved method, Enhanced BSB (EBSB), to support NLOS environments in which BSB doesn't work efficiently. We also define a new "single-side approach" to remove the local maxima from which earlier solution methods suffer. Our proposed method aims to select the best beam pair in fewer steps using an iteration-based algorithm which reduces the BF setup time. We provide performance comparison of exhaustive search, BSB and EBSB in terms of step analysis, success probability, BF setup time and power loss performances. In NLOS case, for smaller than 100 sectors at both devices' antennas, EBSB reaches higher than 0.9 probability of successfully pairing the best beams. On the other hand, training time reduces to around %34 for 330 sectors at both antennas. For the cases when EBSB fails, power loss analysis shows that the average gain loss is less than 1 dB.
Delaware River Basin Water Resources Management

The Comprehensive Plan (CP) for multipurpose development and management of water resources in the Delaware River Basin, under the first Federal-Interstate compact, is explained. The CP is a codification of administrative laws adopted by the Delaware River Basin Commission, and serves as a general guide for planning, devlopment, and operation of water-related projects and facilities, both public and private, for water supply, water quality control, flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation. The CP serves also as a regulatory document to prohibit developments that do not conform to the adopted plan. The CP grows in scope almost monthly as the Commission adds new projects, policies, criteria, and standards. The CP, together with the basic statutory law, the Delaware River Basin Compact, provide the legal basis for regulatory control of water resources in the four-state, 13,000 sq-mile region. The CP includes the controversial Tocks Island Lake project, a multipurpose impoundment sited on a 37-mile reach of the Delaware River just downstream of the New York—New Jersey State boundary, which has been halted by opposition from environmental groups.
Avifauna use of reference and restored bottomland forest wetlands in Eastern Kentucky

Abstract Bottomland hardwood forest restoration provides a challenge for ecological engineers, because of the long time periods required for trees to grow, and hydrologic complexities. We examined avifauna communities and habitat in restored bottomland forest of Eastern Kentucky, and compared them to a reference wetland. The restored wetlands have had over 25 years to mature. Over the past 25 years, vegetation has increased in density and complexity; however, most the restored sites did not have standing water commensurate with the reference site, and the trees and shrubs are still immature. Habitat variability between the 14 different wetlands did not strongly factor into avifauna species diversity. More species of birds used the larger restored wetlands (>1 ha), compared to smaller basins (
Programmed death-ligand 1 testing of lung cancer cytology specimens obtained with bronchoscopy.

BACKGROUND Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression testing is recommended by guidelines for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary objective of the current study was to determine the success rate of PD-L1 testing from cytology cell block samples obtained by bronchoscopic needle aspiration. The secondary objective was the assessment of the difference in specimen adequacy acquired via needles of different gauges. METHODS Patients with NSCLC who underwent bronchoscopic needle aspirations for which PD-L1 testing was requested between November 1, 2016, and February 6, 2017, were included in the current analysis. Patients underwent needle aspiration from intrathoracic adenopathy or a pulmonary lesion. Rapid on-site cytology evaluation was performed in all cases. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was performed using the Abcam anti-PD-L1 antibody 28.8 clone on cell block specimen. RESULTS A total of 22 patients had PD-L1 testing requested on needle cytology samples obtained via bronchoscopy at the time of initial diagnosis (81.8%) and for progression of disease (18.2%). Twenty patients (90.9%) underwent successful PD-L1 testing. Sample acquisition was via endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in 72.7% of patients, endobronchial needle aspiration in 18.2% of patients, and peripheral nodule needle aspiration in 9.1% of patients. There was no statistical difference in PD-L1 test success rates between sample methods (P = .99) or needle sizes (P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS Bronchoscopically obtained cytology needle–based samples are adequate for PD-L1 testing in patients with NSCLC. There was no difference noted between different needle sizes with regard to adequacy for PD-L1 testing. These findings are relevant for clinicians caring for patients with lung cancer because a vast majority of patients with advanced NSCLC are diagnosed by bronchoscopic needle-based techniques using a variety of commercially available needles. Cancer Cytopathol 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Mode of delivery in pregnancies with gastroschisis according to delivery institution.

Purpose: We aim to compare the mode of delivery in pregnancies with gastroschisis delivered in nonacademic institutions with those delivered in an academic center.Material and methods: Chart review...
Synthesis of Catalytic Nanoporous Metallic Thin Films on Polymer Membranes.

This work deals with the creation of bimetallic thin films on porous polymer membrane surfaces. Metal–polymer composite membranes have been produced through magnetron sputtering. Commercially available membranes with both micrometer and nanometer scale pores were used as supports for deposition. Continuous alloy films of ∼110 nm thickness were deposited to produce the top layer of the composite structure. These films were dealloyed with sulfuric acid creating a nanoporous film structure with a ligament size of 7.7 ± 2.5 nm. The resulting composite membranes were permeable to water at all stages of production, and an polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with 90 nm of nanoporous Fe/Pd on top showed a flux of 183 L/m2/h (LMH)/bar. The films were evaluated for dechlorination of toxic polychlorinated biphenyls from water. At a loading of 6.6 mg/L Pd attached to 13.2 cm2 support in a 2.5 ppm PCB-1 solution with 1.5 ppm dissolved H2, over 90% of PCB-1 was removed from solution in 30 min, which produced the expec...
Effect of food additives on egg yolk gelation induced by freezing.

Abstract This study demonstrates technological advances in preventing yolk gelation during freezing and thawing. Gelation negatively affects yolk functionality in food formulation. Preventing gelation using 10% salt or sugar limits the application of the yolk. Novel food additives were tested to prevent gelation induced by freezing. Significant reduction (p
Determining optimal eluter design by modeling physical dose enhancement in brachytherapy.

PURPOSE In situ drug release concurrent with radiation therapy has been proposed to enhance the therapeutic ratio of permanent prostate brachytherapy. Both brachytherapy sources and brachytherapy spacers have been proposed as potential eluters to release compounds, such as nanoparticles or chemotherapeutic agents. The relative effectiveness of the approaches has not been compared yet. This work models the physical dose enhancement of implantable eluters in conjunction with brachytherapy to determine which delivery mechanism provides greatest opportunity to enhance the therapeutic ratio. MATERIALS AND METHODS The combined effect of implanted eluters and radioactive sources were modeled in a manner that allowed the comparison of the relative effectiveness of different types of implantable eluters over a range of parameters. Prostate geometry, source, and spacer positions were extracted from treatment plans used for 125 I permanent prostate implants. Compound concentrations were calculated using steady-state solution to the diffusion equation including an elimination term characterized by the diffusion-elimination modulus (ϕb ). Does enhancement was assumed to be dependent on compound concentration up to a saturation concentration (csat ). Equivalent uniform dose (EUD) was used as an objective to determine the optimal configuration of eluters for a range of diffusion-elimination moduli, concentrations, and number of eluters. The compound delivery vehicle that produced the greatest enhanced dose was tallied for points in parameter space mentioned to determine the conditions under whether there are situations where one approach is preferable to the other. RESULTS The enhanced effect of implanted eluters was calculated for prostate volumes from 14 to 45 cm3 , ϕb from 0.01 to 4 mm-1 , csat from 0.05 to 7.5 times the steady-state compound concentration released from the surface of the eluter. The number of used eluters (ne ) was simulated from 10 to 60 eluters. For the region of (csat , Φ)-space that results in a large fraction of the gland being maximally sensitized, compound eluting spacers or sources produce equal increase in EUD. In the majority of the remaining (csat , Φ)-space, eluting spacers result in a greater EUD than sources even where sources often produce greater maximal physical dose enhancement. Placing eluting implants in planned locations throughout the prostate results in even greater enhancement than using only source or spacer locations. CONCLUSIONS Eluting brachytherapy spacers offer an opportunity to increase EUD during the routine brachytherapy process. Incorporating additional needle placements permits compound eluting spacer placement independent of source placement and thereby allowing a further increase in the therapeutic ratio. Additional work is needed to understand the in vivo spatial distribution of compound around eluters, and to incorporate time dependence of both compound release and radiation dose.
Define “Sex”: Legal Outcomes for Transgender Individuals in the United States

Transgender individuals have unique experiences with the law. Legal protections against pervasive discrimination have come slowly and, in some cases, not at all. Through litigation, attorneys in the United States have challenged the law’s conceptualization of gender and its definition of sex. Some of these cases have served to fortify protections against discrimination and victimization for transgender individuals. Despite this progress, transgender individuals continue to experience discrimination that affects their physical, psychological, and socioeconomic health. The following chapter discusses a few of the landmark U.S. cases and changes in legislative policy that have been crucial in determining the rights of transgender and gender nonconforming individuals.
Others as Resources: Cognitive Ingredients for Agent Architecture

This paper presents some preliminary tools for empowering the architecture of autonomous agents by providing it with a complex of strategies for using dependence-based knowledge to select agents for cooperation. In this perspective others are seen as solutions to one’s problems, and may be recategorized as resources. Three main objectives are pursued in this work. First, to insert a previously developed theory of dependence in a plausible architecture for cognitive agency, showing the role of dependence-based knowledge with regard to the typical functionalities of agency. Second, this work aims to contributing to distributed systems research, by showing how the structure of dependence in a multi-agent world provides criteria for a rational model of interaction and communication. Third, a problem-driven approach to sociality is adopted, where the problem of why social interaction occurs is raised and some answer is found in the agents’ problem solving.
Recycled Two-Stage Estimation in Nonlinear Mixed Effects Regression Models

We consider a re-sampling scheme for estimation of the population parameters in the mixed effects nonlinear regression models of the type use for example in clinical pharmacokinetics, say. We provide an estimation procedure which {\it recycles}, via random weighting, the relevant two-stage parameters estimates to construct consistent estimates of the sampling distribution of the various estimates. We establish the asymptotic consistency and asymptotic normality of the resampled estimates and demonstrate the applicability of the {\it recycling} approach in a small simulation study and via example.
Tumor PD-L1 expression in malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma by Dako PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx and Dako PD-L1 28-8 pharmDx assays.

Summary Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive neoplasm with poor prognosis. The Dako PD-L1 22C3 and 28-8 pharmDx assays are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as companion and complementary diagnostics for the anti–PD-1 drugs pembrolizumab and nivolumab, respectively. Data from multiple clinical trials indicate that immunotherapy has antitumor activity in advanced malignant pleural (MPM) and peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM). However, large studies of PD-L1 expression in MM using the FDA-approved anti–PD-L1 assays are lacking. We stained tissue microarray sections (N = 125; 112 MPM and 13 MPeM) using 2 FDA-approved clinical immunohistochemical makers for PD-L1 expression: Dako PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx and Dako PD-L1 28-8 pharmDx. Overall, 22% (27/125) of MMs were positive using the 22C3 assay, whereas 27% (32/117) were positive using the 28-8 assay, using a tumor proportion score cutoff of 1%. Tumor cell PD-L1 expression was strongly correlated with PD-L1 expression on tumor-associated immune cells. No significant difference in PD-L1 expression was observed by patient sex, age, treatment history, pathologic stage, or histologic subtype. However, the proportion of cases positive for PD-L1 expression was higher among MPeM compared to MPM (P = .007 for 22C3 assay; P = .04 for 28-8 assay). PD-L1 is expressed in a substantial proportion of MM cases, as measured by FDA-approved companion assays for widely used immunotherapeutic drugs. PD-L1 expression is particularly prevalent in MPeM. These findings support large clinical studies to further examine PD-L1 as a biomarker for a subset of MM patients that may benefit from immunotherapy.
Is It a Curse or a Blessing for a Distressed Public Company to Go Private Voluntarily

We establish a search based model to investigate the impact of the delisting risk on the distressed public company’s going private decision. We distinguish between two types of going private: voluntary delisting and involuntary delisting. Our simulation results show that there exists a tight link between them. Our model indicates that for any distressed public company, selling its entire equity voluntarily to a private equity fund at a price higher than its reservation price should not be considered as a curse, but rather as a blessing when compared to the worse scenario of being delisted involuntarily by the stock exchange.
Enabling Precision Oncology Through Precision Diagnostics

Genomic testing enables clinical management to be tailored to individual cancer patients based on the molecular alterations present within cancer cells. Genomic sequencing results can be applied to detect and classify cancer, predict prognosis, and target therapies. Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized the field of cancer genomics by enabling rapid and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. With this technology, precision oncology is quickly becoming a realized paradigm for managing the treatment of cancer patients. However, many challenges must be overcome to efficiently implement the transition of next-generation sequencing from research applications to routine clinical practice, including using specimens commonly available in the clinical setting; determining how to process, store, and manage large amounts of sequencing data; determining how to interpret and prioritize molecular findings; and coordinating health professionals from multiple disciplines.
Cultural activities in transracially adoptive families

The current study investigated how engagement in cultural activities impacted transracial adoptive parent satisfaction with adoption, closeness with child, and child academic outcomes. Data from th...
Lymphoid Pathology on Small Biopsies (FNA and Small Core) – Advantages and Limitations: Guidelines for Ancillary Studies According to Clinical Scenario and Morphology

As therapeutic options for various lymphomas have rapidly expanded in the last decade, accurate classification and prognostic stratification of common and uncommon lymphoma types are of utmost importance. The most recent WHO classification continues to emphasize morphology, immunophenotype, molecular genetic abnormalities, and clinical behavior as the necessary pillars for correct diagnosis. Surgical excisional biopsy (SEB) is both historically and currently the gold standard technique for morphological examination, but it requires more time and preparation, often with more extensive anesthesia with higher potential for medical complications. Because of this, elderly and/or frail patients may not be able to tolerate the stress of the procedure, particularly when abdominal, retroperitoneal, and thoracic masses are to be examined. Indeed, excisional biopsy may not be technically feasible in certain locations (e.g., retroperitoneal midline). Patients may want to avoid the discomfort and inconvenience associated with excisional biopsy and may prefer an alternative, even when it is not medically necessary. In response to these issues, over the last 25 years, there has been increasing utilization of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and core needle biopsy (CNB) techniques for diagnostic screening of enlarged lymph nodes or other mass lesions suspected to harbor lymphomas, metastatic neoplasms, and reactive lymphadenopathies. We provide guidelines for appropriate handling of the limited specimens obtained by these “small biopsies” and suggest how to optimize the use of ancillary technics such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular analysis, firstly, to differentiate reactive lesions from lymphomas and, secondly, to provide accurate classification and prognostic information. The ability to render a definite diagnosis according to the WHO classification on these “small biopsies” varies for different lymphoma types, and we discuss the limitations of these specimens for common lymphomas. In the second half of the chapter, the correct handling of small biopsies performed in previously diagnosed and treated patients is discussed. We emphasize the evaluation of these repeat biopsies for disease recurrence, disease progression, emergence of secondary pathological processes due to prior treatment, and presence of therapeutic targets for the second- and third-line treatments. The clinically crucial distinctions among lymphomas with overlapping features are mentioned, and guidance for issuing descriptive reports and for requesting additional material is provided.
Different cross-reactivity profiles of methotrexate immunoassays and the clinical management of methotrexate treatment

Abstract Therapeutic drug monitoring for methotrexate is crucial for its toxicity assessment and the subsequent leucovorin rescue therapy in malignancy treatment. The methotrexate levels allow for the assessment of its cumulative concentrations and toxicity risk to determine the appropriate duration of the leucovorin therapy. Different methotrexate immunoassays have different cross-reactivity profiles to methotrexate metabolites. When a patient’s serum methotrexate concentrations are evaluated by three different immunoassay formulations at different time points after initial methotrexate infusion, the exhibited biases among three assays can lead to different clinical management and assessment of methotrexate toxicity.
Supervision Behaviors of Board Certified Behavior Analysts With Trainees

The field of behavior analysis is growing rapidly, and high-quality supervision is essential to producing thoughtful and effective Board Certified Behavior Analysts. There is little empirical information about the behaviors that supervisors engage in to support trainees in developing critical skills. Therefore, our purpose in this study was to survey supervisors (n = 317) about their supervision practices to better understand how frequently they engage in recommended supervision practices and whether the frequency with which they engage in recommended practices is related to demographic characteristics. Our results suggest that there is wide variability in the extent to which individual supervisors engage in recommended practices, and that supervisors engage in practices more frequently for which there are concrete guidelines and supports in place (e.g., behavioral skills training). We discuss the implications of our results for supporting supervisors to engage in recommended practices and for future research.
Postoperative Rehabilitation and Return to Play Criteria After Anterior Shoulder Stabilization Procedures

Anterior shoulder stabilization surgery is the preferred method to treat shoulder instability in athletes; however, a variety of surgical techniques exist. The rehabilitation specialist needs to have a basic understanding of each procedure to properly protect healing structures while restoring range of motion, strength, and functional abilities. Few evidence-based guidelines exist for rehabilitation after anterior shoulder stabilization, and those that are available are specific to the standard arthroscopic approach. Further, even less guidance is available for the later stages of rehabilitation and return to sports preparation and decision making. In this review article, rehabilitation considerations and alterations for variations of anterior shoulder stabilization surgery are presented. The importance of individualizing late-stage rehabilitation and incorporating core and lower extremity exercises as appropriate is also discussed. Lastly, rationale for criteria-based return to sports assessments to aid clinical decision making is presented.
Magnetic transitions in the 1D chain compounds NdPd5Ge3and NdPt5Ge3.

We present the structural and initial magnetic characterization of the previously unreported materials NdPd5Ge3 and NdPd5Ge3. These materials, with 1-dimensional Nd chains, crystallize in the orthorhombic YNi5Si3-type structure in space group Pnma. Magnetic ordering is observed for both compounds at ~ 2.2 K for NdPd5Ge3 and ~ 3.0 K for NdPt5Ge3. A magnetic-field-induced transition is clearly observed for NdPd5Ge3 below 2K, at an applied magnetic field of around 1.6 Tesla. The heat capacity data reveals that essentially all the available magnetic entropy is released at the magnetic ordering transition for NdPd5Ge3 but that only 29% is seen for NdPt5Ge3 at temperatures down to 1.5 K, the data implying that a second magnetic transition can be expected at lower temperatures.
Impedance modeling and its application to the analysis of the collective effects

Impedance modeling for accelerator applications has improved over the years, largely as a result of advances in simulation capabilities. While this modeling has been successful in reproducing certain measurements, it is still a significant challenge to predict collective effects in real machines. In this paper, we review our approach to impedance modeling and the subsequent simulations of collective effects. We discuss the choice of the electrodynamics codes and the required computer power resources, modeling of the geometric, and resistive wall impedances, their comparison with analytical approaches, and their application for simulating of the collective effects with tracking and beam-induced heating.