cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ca 2+ -Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Defines a Hypertensive Signal Transduction Phenotype

Abstract The mechanisms responsible for altered vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function in hypertension remain unknown. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of genetic hypertension, there are multiple abnormalities in VSMC function, including increased growth, Na + -H + exchange, and increased signal transduction by protein kinase C. The family of kinases termed mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases has recently been shown to be essential mediators of growth factor signal transduction. In the present study, alterations in MAP kinase function in the hypertensive phenotype were investigated using early-passage SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) VSMCs stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II, 100 nmol/L) or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB, 10 ng/mL). MAP kinase activity was measured by in-gel kinase assays and Western blot analysis. Two differences between SHR and WKY rats were observed for Ang II–mediated MAP kinase activation: (1) Inactivation after Ang II stimulation was more rapid in SHR than WKY VSMCs. (2) Activity in SHR VSMCs showed a greater dependence on Ca 2+ mobilization, since chelation of intracellular Ca 2+ with BAPTA inhibited maximal activity by 95% in SHR VSMCs but by only 50% in WKY VSMCs. In contrast to the results with Ang II, no differences in PDGF-stimulated MAP kinase activity were observed. These findings establish activation of MAP kinase by Ang II as a feature that distinguishes SHR VSMCs from WKY VSMCs and suggest that differences in regulation of MAP kinase signaling may alter cellular events that are increased in the SHR genetic model of hypertension.
Financial Experience and Well-Being Among Mature Widowed Women

Widowhood for women may be complicated by a lack of financial experience or knowledge, further diminishing well-being. Analyzed were data from 300 widowed women aged 60 and older regarding financial experience prior to widowhood, planning undertaken before death of spouse, and their effects on well-being in early widowhood. Shown by the findings was that preparation was associated with somewhat better well-being among widows, but financial experience prior to widowhood had no effect.
Particle Pileups and Planetesimal Formation

Solid particles in protoplanetary disks that are sufficiently supersolar in metallicity overcome turbulence generated by vertical shear to gravitationally condense into planetesimals. Supersolar metallicities result if solid particles pile up as they migrate starward as a result of aerodynamic drag. Previous analyses of aerodynamic drift rates that account for mean flow differences between gas and particles yield particle pileups. We improve on these studies not only by accounting for the collective inertia of solids relative to that of gas, but also by including the transport of angular momentum by turbulent stresses within the particle layer. These turbulent stresses are derived in a physically self-consistent manner from the structure of marginally Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulent flows. They are not calculated using the usual plate drag formulae, whose use we explain is inappropriate. Accounting for the relative inertia of solids to gas retards, but does not prevent, particle pileups and generates more spatially extended regions of metal enrichment. Turbulent transport hastens pileups. We conclude that particle pileup is a robust outcome in sufficiently passive protoplanetary disks. Connections to observations of circumstellar disks, including the Kuiper Belt, and the architectures of planetary systems are made.
Targeting self-renewal, an Achilles' heel of cancer stem cells.

Many tumors display a hierarchical organization that is maintained by a self-renewing 'cancer stem cell' population. A new study in mice shows that targeting the self-renewal regulator BMI-1 abrogates the tumorigenic capacity of colon cancer stem cells, providing a new therapeutic strategy (pages 29–36).
Free emboli formation in the wake of bi-leaflet mechanical heart valves and the effects of implantation techniques

The high incidence of thromboembolic complications of mechanical heart valves (MHV), primarily due to platelet activation by contact with foreign surfaces and by non-physiological flow patterns past the valve, still limits their success as permanent implants. The latter include elevated shear and turbulent stresses and shed vortices formed in the wake of the valve's leaflets during the deceleration phase, potentially entrapping activated and aggregated platelets. It is hypothesized that these flow patterns induce the formation of free emboli which are the source of cerebrovascular microemboli associated with MHV. Implicit to this hypothesis is that free emboli formation will be affected by the implantation technique employed and the valve orientation, as those will alter the flow characteristics past the valve and the interaction of the platelets with the flow. In this study, numerical simulations of turbulent pulsatile flow past a St. Jude Medical bi-leaflet MHV were conducted. Platelet shear histories were calculated along pertinent turbulent platelet trajectories, and the effect of a misaligned valve on platelet activation was quantified and compared to that of an aligned valve. It demonstrated that the combination of a tilted valve and subannularly sutured pledgets had an explicit detrimental effect on platelet activation, with the following entrapment of the platelets within the shed vortices of the wake leading to a significant increase of the thromboembolic potential of the valve. This numerical model depicted a viable course for free emboli formation, and indicated how the implantation technique may enhance the risk of cardioembolism.
Wave-vector power spectrum of the local tunneling density of states: Ripples in a d -wave sea

A weak scattering potential imposed on a ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ layer of a cuprate superconductor modulates the local density of states $N(x,\ensuremath{\omega}).$ In recently reported experimental studies, scanning-tunneling maps of $N(x,\ensuremath{\omega})$ have been Fourier transformed to obtain a wave-vector power spectrum. Here, for the case of a weak scattering potential, we discuss the structure of this power spectrum and its relationship to the quasiparticle spectrum and the structure factor of the scattering potential. Examples of quasiparticle interferences in normal metals and s- and d-wave superconductors are discussed.
Setting Course Goals: Privileges and Responsibilities in a World of Ideas

Teachers and students come to their classes with quite different goals for the course. This article discusses the importance of knowing what student expectations are for a course and of giving students some shared role in the content and conduct of a course. Such investment on the part of students is important for a number of reasons, not the least of which is to encourage students to accept more responsibility for their learning.
Changing indications for the surgical treatment of unstable angina.

• From 1970 to 1977, 127 patients were operated on for unstable angina. On the basis of response to intensive medical therapy, patients were classified into a medically controlled, semielective surgery group (54 patients) and a medically uncontrolled, emergent/urgent surgical group (73 patients). There were five operative deaths, 1/54 in the medically controlled group (1.8%) and 4/73(5%) in the medically uncontrolled group; 4/5 operative deaths occurred with left main coronary stenosis. There were five late deaths during a follow-up period of 12 to 84 months, 37.5 with an actuarial survival of 83.5%. If patients with unstable angina can be medically controlled, operation can be delayed and the operative long-term survival is similar to that of elective coronary bypass. Patients who cannot be controlled medically, particularly those with left main coronary lesions, should be operated on urgently with selective use of preoperative balloon support. ( Arch Surg 113:1312-1316, 1978)
An Ecological Multidisciplinary Approach to Protecting Society, Human Health, and the Environment at Nuclear Facilities

As the United States and other countries move toward a greater reliance on nuclear energy, it becomes increasingly important to characterize the environment around such facilities to protect society, human health, and the environment. This article presents an ecological, multidisciplinary approach to gathering the information needed to establish baselines, site new nuclear facilities, protect existing nuclear facilities and nuclear wastes, improve the basis for emergency planning, devise suitable monitoring schemes to ensure continued protection, provide data to track local and regional response changes, and provide for mitigation, remediation, and decommissioning planning. We suggest that there are five categories of information or data needs: (1) geophysical, sources, fate and transport; (2) biological systems; (3) human health; (4) stakeholder and environmental justice; and (5) societal, economic, and political. All of these categories are influenced by temporal and spatial patterns, vulnerabilities, and global changes. These informational needs are more expansive than the traditional site characterization but encompass a suite of physical, biological, and societal needs to protect all aspects of human health and the environment, not just physical health. We suggest that technical teams be established for each of the major informational categories, with appropriate representation among teams and with a broad involvement of a range of governmental personnel, natural and social scientists, Native Americans, environmental justice communities, and other stakeholders. Although designed for nuclear facilities, the templates and information teams can be adapted for other hazardous facilities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FUNDAMENTAL NEUTRON PHYSICS

▪ Abstract Experiments using slow neutrons address a growing range of scientific issues spanning nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. The field of fundamental physics using neutrons has experienced a significant increase in activity over the last two decades. This review summarizes some of the recent developments in the field and outlines some of the prospects for future research.
Social Competence and Problem Behavior of Adolescent Girls With Learning Disabilities

Estimates of social competence and problem behavior were obtained using the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983) for a sample of 51 adolescent girls with learning disabilities. Results identified poor social competence and elevated problem behaviors, in comparison to a normative group of nonhandicapped adolescents. Implications for both diagnosis and research are addressed.
Two stage CCI/ISI reduction with space-time processing in TDMA cellular networks

We propose a two-stage, separate cochannel interference (CCI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) reduction technique using space-time processing. CCI and ISI are two major interference sources in wireless communication, and they are the limiting factors in the performance and capacity of a cellular network. However because of the different characteristics between CCI and ISI, algorithms designed to simultaneously reduce both interferences tend to combat ISI more and ignore CCI, which causes performance degradation of the equalizer. Further more, MLSE-type algorithms can effectively reduce ISI while MMSE-type algorithms are more robust to CCI. These considerations motivate us to derive two-stage interference reduction: the first stage uses a space-time MMSE equalizer to reduce CCI while preserving the ISI structure of the desired signal; the second stage uses a space-time Viterbi equalizer to reduce ISI. Space-time processing assures spatial and temporal diversities are fully captured and the difference of spatial and temporal properties between signals and interferences are fully explored. Simulation results show the proposed approach leads to good performance in a GSM scenario even at low carrier-to-interference ratio.
The Psychology of Simonton's Science: Commentary on Simonton (2009).

One key assumption of the psychology of science is that psychological factors make certain interests, talents, and abilities more likely and others less likely (Feist, 2006). The line of argument that Simonton (2009, this issue) puts forth—integrating and uniting the meta-literatures on dispositional and developmental influences on scientific and artistic creativity—is not only consistent with this assumption from the psychology of science, but it is also a breeding ground for a host of testable hypotheses and calls for future empirical investigations. Given Simonton's own extraordinary levels of scientific creativity, indeed it would be interesting to turn his ideas back on him to see how his science is a product of his own developmental and dispositional experiences. We'll leave that, however, for future biographers and psychologists of science.
A high-performance sorting algorithm for multicore single-instruction multiple-data processors

Many sorting algorithms have been studied in the past, but there are only a few algorithms that can effectively exploit both single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) instructions and thread-level parallelism. In this paper, we propose a new high-performance sorting algorithm, called aligned-access sort (AA-sort), that exploits both the SIMD instructions and thread-level parallelism available on today's multicore processors. Our algorithm consists of two phases, an in-core sorting phase and an out-of-core merging phase. The in-core sorting phase uses our new sorting algorithm that extends combsort to exploit SIMD instructions. The out-of-core algorithm is based on mergesort with our novel vectorized merging algorithm. Both phases can take advantage of SIMD instructions. The key to high performance is eliminating unaligned memory accesses that would reduce the effectiveness of SIMD instructions in both phases. We implemented and evaluated the AA-sort on PowerPC 970MP and Cell Broadband Engine platforms. In summary, a sequential version of the AA-sort using SIMD instructions outperformed IBM's optimized sequential sorting library by 1.8 times and bitonic mergesort using SIMD instructions by 3.3 times on PowerPC 970MP when sorting 32 million random 32-bit integers. Also, a parallel version of AA-sort demonstrated better scalability with increasing numbers of cores than a parallel version of bitonic mergesort on both platforms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On "Some factors predict successful short-term outcomes..." Mintken PE, Cleland JA, Carpenter KJ, et al. Phys Ther. 2010;90:26-42

We would like to comment on the article by Mintken et al1 that was published in the January 2010 issue of PTJ . We need clinical articles that validate practice; however, the results of this study will likely never be validated. The trouble comes from the improper use of stepwise regression, specifically overfitting of the predictor variables (k). Overfitting is not a minor problem in the literature; it is a very serious one. Overfitting creates a model that future studies will not likely validate. So far, we have not confronted the problem of overfitting in physical therapy literature very well. And, when we have admitted to the problem of overfitting in discussing study limitations, we have not explained why it can be such a nuisance when interpreting results and what can be done to prevent overfitting in the future. In their study, Mintken et al started off using 46 different baseline predictor variables (Tabs. 1 and 2). These initial 46 variables then were reduced, using multiple t tests or chi-square tests, to 14 variables that …
Reconstructing the cross sections of coronary arteries from biplane angiograms

An algorithm that reconstructs the cross sections of the lumens of coronary arteries from two mutually orthogonal X-ray projections is described. The algorithm accommodates the possibility of elliptical, crescent, or star shapes. It represents each biplane projection of a transverse slice of the arterial lumen as a binary-valued image. The single-coordinate moments of these two projection images are equal to those of the slice. Since the cross-coordinate moments of the slice are not available from the projections, an algorithm to estimate these moments based on assumptions of smoothness and connectivity is developed. Once all the missing moments are estimated, the image of the slice can be estimated by inverting these moments, using the uniqueness theorem governing the relation between an image and its moments. Preliminary tests of the algorithm on synthetic data, on hardware phantoms and on a segment of a barium-enhanced in vitro coronary artery are reported. >
Reducing the Confusion in the Teaching of Word Analysis Skills.

Based on research which found a high degree of inconsistency and misinformation in the teaching of prefixes in several major reading series, it was concluded that accurate information about prefixa...
Endovascular treatment of carotid embolic occlusions has a higher recanalization rate compared with cardioembolic occlusions.

Background and purpose Treatment of large artery cerebral occlusions is rapidly evolving. We hypothesized that patients with intracranial embolic occlusions secondary to an extracranial carotid artery stenosis or occlusion have a higher probability of successful endovascular recanalization compared with those with cardioembolic occlusions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the databases of three institutions (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Michigan State University (MSU) and Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF)) for acute anterior circulation ischemic strokes treated with endovascular therapies from January 2006 to July 2008. After collection of demographic, radiographic and angiographic variables, two groups were identified: artery to artery embolic occlusions and cardioembolic/cryptogenic intracranial occlusions. We defined recanalization as TIMI 2 or 3 flow. A binary logistic regression model was constructed to determine which characteristics were unique to patients with carotid embolic occlusions. Results A total of 207 patients were identified (UPMC=100, CCF=71, MSU=36) with a mean age of 69±11 years and mean NIHSS of 17±5. Of these, 157 (75%) were due to a cardiac or cryptogenic source and 50 (25%) were from a carotid embolic source. The use of multimodal therapy (OR 2.6 (1.2–5.6), p Conclusions Patients with intracranial occlusions secondary to an extracranial carotid stenosis or total occlusion appear to have more successful recanalization rates when treated with endovascular therapy compared with those with cardioembolic occlusions.
Service-oriented software and systems engineering - a vision for the automotive domain

Increasing interactions among automotive software functions and the ensuing complexity demand new ways of developing automotive systems. Many functions deployed in the vehicle cut across physical and logical boundaries. Capturing the core interactions underlying system functions, creating logical service architectures and mapping them to varying deployment architectures and product lines are central development tasks that cross-cut requirements capture, architecture design, implementation and validation/verification. The service-oriented development approach we propose addresses these fundamental aspects of automotive system design. In this talk the author demonstrate the description techniques, methodology and tools we have developed, and discuss their application in the context of automotive case studies.
Structure-based design of a new class of highly selective aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-based inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases.

Structure-based design approach was successfully used to guide the evolution of imidazopyridine scaffold yielding new structural class of highly selective inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases that were able to form a new interaction with an identified residue of the protein, Lys89. Compounds from this series have shown no detectable effect when tested against a representative set of other serine/threonine kinases such as GSK3β, CAMKII, PKA, PKC-α,β,e,γ. Compound 2i inhibits proliferation in HCT 116 cells in tissue culture. Synthesis, co-crystal structure of CDK2 in complex with compound 2i, and preliminary SAR study are disclosed.
Implementation of a Distributed Pseudorandom Number Generator

In parallel Monte Carlo simulations, it is highly desirable to have a system of pseudo-random number generators that has good statistical properties and allows reproducibility of random sequences used by the individual processes. In this work, we discuss a distributed implementation of such a system on computer networks. The system employs linear congruential pseudorandom number generators obtained from the work “Random Number Generators for MIMD Parallel Processors” [1] and is organized as a virtual, complete binary tree. Nodes of the tree are the generators and the processes using them. The relationship between a node and its subtrees reflects that of a process and its children. Any binary tree up to a million nodes can be maintained. To achieve high utilization of the generators, we implement a dynamically expanding complete binary tree. A server is maintained on a host on our computer network and application programs obtain the generators from the interface provided by the system. The system guarantees that no generator is allocated more than once to an application process and no extraneous correlations are introduced. The pseudorandom number system uses the client/server model, communicating via the Remote Procedure Calls (RPC).
Genetic modification of human mesenchymal stem cells helps to reduce adiposity and improve glucose tolerance in an obese diabetic mouse model

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into fat, muscle, bone and cartilage cells. Exposure of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue derived AD-MSCs to high glucose (HG) leads to superoxide accumulation and up-regulation of inflammatory molecules. Our aim was to inquire how HG exposure affects MSCs differentiation and whether the mechanism is reversible. We exposed human adipose tissue derived MSCs to HG (25 mM) and compared it to normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM) exposed cells at 7, 10 and 14 days. We examined mitochondrial superoxide accumulation (Mitosox-Red), cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR, Seahorse) and gene expression. HG increased reactive superoxide (ROS) accumulation noted by day 7 both in cytosol and mitochondria. The OCR between the NG and HG exposed groups however did not change until 10 days at which point OCR of HG exposed cells were reduced significantly. We noted that HG exposure upregulated mRNA expression of adipogenic (PPARG, FABP-4, CREBP alpha and beta), inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF alpha) and antioxidant (SOD2 and Catalase) genes. Next, we used AdSOD2 to upregulate SOD2 prior to HG exposure and thereby noted reduction in superoxide generation. SOD2 upregulation helped reduce mRNA over-expression of PPARG, FABP-4, IL-6 and TNFα. In a series of separate experiments, we delivered the eGFP and SOD2 upregulated MSCs (5 days post ex-vivo transduction) and saline intra-peritoneally (IP) to obese diabetic (db/db) mice. We confirmed homing-in of eGFP labeled MSCs, delivered IP, to different inflamed fat pockets, particularly omental fat. Mice receiving SOD2-MSCs showed progressive reduction in body weight and improved glucose tolerance (GTT) at 4 weeks, post MSCs transplantation compared to the GFP-MSC group (control). High glucose evokes superoxide generation, OCR reduction and adipogenic differentiation. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase upregulation quenches excess superoxide and reduces adipocyte inflammation. Delivery of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) using MSCs as a gene delivery vehicle reduces inflammation and improves glucose tolerance in vivo. Suppression of superoxide production and adipocyte inflammation using mitochondrial superoxide dismutase may be a novel and safe therapeutic tool to combat hyperglycemia mediated effects.
Rubber Chemicals from Cyclic Amines. I. Preparation of Dithioamines, Derivatives of Dithiocarbamates and Thiazolethiols, and Related Compounds

Abstract The synthesis of dithioamines, derivatives of dithiocarbamates and thiazolethiols and related compounds derived from cyclic amines is reported. Novel or alternate methods for the preparation of 2-benzothiazolyl disubstituted dithiocarbamates and 2-(iminodithio)-benzothiazoles along with their possible mechanisms are discussed.
A Typology of Disturbances to Buyer-Supplier Relationships

Author's Note: The author thanks the National Association of Purchasing Managers for supporting this research with a doctoral dissertation grant. Thanks also to three anonymous AMS proceedings reviewers, for their comments.
Toward Unobtrusive Patient Handling Activity Recognition for Injury Reduction Among At-Risk Caregivers

Nurses regularly perform patient handling activities. These activities with awkward postures expose healthcare providers to a high risk of overexertion injury. The recognition of patient handling activities is the first step to reduce injury risk for caregivers. The current practice on workplace activity recognition is based on human observational approach, which is neither accurate nor projectable to a large population. In this paper, we aim at addressing these challenges. Our solution comprises a smart wearable device and a novel spatio-temporal warping (STW) pattern recognition framework. The wearable device, named Smart Insole 2.0, is equipped with a rich set of sensors and can provide an unobtrusive way to automatically capture the information of patient handling activities. The STW pattern recognition framework fully exploits the spatial and temporal characteristics of plantar pressure by calculating a novel warped spatio-temporal distance, to quantify the similarity for the purpose of activity recognition. To validate the effectiveness of our framework, we perform a pilot study with eight subjects, including eight common activities in a nursing room. The experimental results show the overall classification accuracy achieves 91.7%. Meanwhile, the qualitative profile and load level can also be classified with accuracies of 98.3% and 92.5%, respectively.
Segmental Dynamics and Ion Association in PEO-Based Single Ion Conductors

We use quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to characterize polymer dynamics in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) that function as single ion conductors. In this case, the SPE combines a PEO spacer with a comonomer that introduces an acid group that serves as the anion. In these single ion conductors (ionomers), only the cation is not covalently bonded to the polymer chain. We study polymer dynamics as a function of ion content, as controlled by varying the ratio of nonionized to ionized comonomers. Even in nonionic polymers (no acid groups), we observe two segmental processes, which we interpret as motion of PEO segments in the spacer midpoint and near the isophthalate groups. In ionized samples, cross-linking between ionic groups considerably slows the dynamics of PEO segments near the isophthalate group. We compare the results to the PEO/LiClO4 system by comparing both polymer dynamics and conductivity as a function of ion content. The optimal ion content for ionomers is half that of the salt system...
Administrative Issues Related to Infectious Disease Research in the Age of Bioterrorism

The recent unprecedented growth in infectious disease research funding and infrastructure has resulted in part from an outgrowth of concern about newly emerging and re-emerging diseases and the progressive development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. However, the most compelling impetus is the suspected and demonstrated capability and will of unknown individuals, groups, or states to use biological agents and/or toxins as weapons. Although the actual number of known victims and fatalities from bioterrorism in the United States has been miniscule compared with many other daily hazards, biological agents have the potential to cause human mass casualties, severely damage segments of our economy or agricultural infrastructure, poison or compromise our food or water supply, and, perhaps most damaging, disrupt our society physically and psychologically. The significant institutional commitment necessary to participate in infectious disease research is described, with a focus on programs that involve research with pathogens thought to have potential for use by bioterrorists. Administrative considerations are described, and include obtaining necessary research funding to offset high operating costs; complying with "select agent" regulations, security screening of employees; building or renovating a biocontainment facility; finding skilled professional and technical manpower; providing adequate physical security in a threat environment; conducting targeted training; overcoming potential internal and external dissent; developing and/or providing sufficient occupational health and safety programs; achieving and maintaining compliance standards in a fluid regulatory environment; mitigating potentially hazardous working conditions; understanding personal and institutional liability; and reassuring and dealing with a concerned, skeptical, or even hostile public.
More advanced-stage tumors among smokers with endometrial cancer

To determine whether endometrial cancer is unusually aggressive in smokers, smokers were compared with nonsmokers among 157 women who had undergone hysterectomy for these tumors between 1979 and 1988. The following factors were analyzed: tumor stage and grade, duration of tumor-related symptoms, host age, degree of obesity, use of estrogen supplementation, and smoking habits. Multivariate analysis indicated that women with advanced-stage disease (stages II-IV) more often had been smokers than women with early-stage disease (stages 0-I; 12 of 30 [40%] versus 14 of 127 [11%], respectively; odds ratio, 5.38; confidence interval, 2.23-11.31). Smokers and nonsmokers were similar in age, parity, degree of obesity, use of estrogen supplementation, tumor grade, and duration of symptoms. Advanced-stage disease also was associated with a high tumor grade (odds ratio, 3.16). Among women with early-stage tumors, a trend toward more frequent myometrial invasion in smokers was not significant by conventional criteria. These observations apparently reflect a smoking-related decrease in the incidence of early-stage tumors, plus smoking-related increases in tumor invasiveness and metastasis.
Revelation from Breeding of Zhongzheyou 1,an Indica Super Hybrid Rice with Good Grain Quality

The major technical and innovative points in breeding of Zhongzheyou 1,an indica super hybrid rice,and its parents Zhongzhe A and Hanghui 570,were introduced and analyzed.It is indicated that heterotic indica rice hybrids combining ideal plant type with fine grain quality can be developed by breeding male sterile lines trans-ferred from desirable quality parents originated from the low latitude area in South Asia and mating them with ideal plant type restorer lines in China.
The value of umbilical cord blood bilirubin and hemolysis three test in the early diagnosis of neonatal ABO hemolytic disease

Objective: To study the application value of umbilical cord blood bilirubin and hemolysis three test in the early diagnosis of ABO hemolytic disease of neonatal( ABO- HDN) and hyperbilirubinemia of newborn. Methods: The three hemolytic test and serum total bilirubin in 1 112 newborns were retrospectively analyzed,and grouped according to maternal and child blood type,the three hemolytic test,umbilical cord blood bilirubin concentrations. Results: Concentrations of umbilical cord blood bilirubin,the incidence of HDN,the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia,positive rate of free antibody test,antibody release test in the maternal- fetal blood( O- A / B) group,they were significantly higher than in the maternal blood type( O- O) group; ②Concentrations of umbilical cord blood bilirubin,the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in the group of antibody release test positive were significantly higher than in the group antibody release test negative; ③When the concentrations of umbilical cord blood bilirubin was higher,the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia was higher and positive predictive value was higher; when the concentrations of umbilical cord blood bilirubin was more 55 μmol / L,the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia was highest( 92. 68%),which compared with other groups were significantly different( P 0. 05),the positive predictive value was92. 68%,and the specificity was 99. 66%; ④When the concentrations of umbilical cord blood bilirubin was less than 21 μmol / L or more than 55 μmol / L,the positive predictive value and the specificity of hyperbilirubinemia of newborn both were 100% on antibody release test. Conclusion: Detection of umbilical cord blood bilirubin and hemolysis three test in the maternal- fetal blood group incompatibility could diagnose early about ABO- HDN and hyperbilirubinemia of newborn,that should be applied popularly.
Multi-robots formation and navigation based reinforcement learning

When multi-robot formation encounters long obstacles in unknown environment,the choice of clock-wise circumambulating or counter clock-wise circumambulating will greatly affect the efficiency of navigation.A kind of reinforcement learning with three levels is presented to solve this problem.The high level is based on be station-behavior pair to learn the circumambulating direction according to the dynamic variational obstacles.The middle level uses a Role-Cross-Subsumption control framework to keep the formation of the multi-robots.The lower level uses the off-line reinforcement learning.Simulation results show that the method can reduce the on-line learning space and speed up the learning rate.The method provides an effective autonomous learning strategy for multi-robot formation and navigation.
Calculating NMR chemical shifts for paramagnetic metal complexes from first-principles

Paramagnetic effects on NMR shifts (pNMR) for paramagnetic metal complexes are calculated from first-principles, without recourse to spin Hamiltonian parameters. A newly developed code based on complete active space (CAS) and restricted active space (RAS) techniques in conjunction with treating spin–orbit (SO) coupling via state interaction is applied to 13C NMR shifts of actinyl tris-carbonate complexes, specifically [UO2(CO3)3]5– and [NpO2(CO3)3]4–. The experimental pNMR shifts as well as the sizable difference of the 13C NMR shift for these iso-electronic species are well reproduced by the calculations. Approximations to the pNMR shift equations using spin Hamiltonian parameters or the magnetic susceptibility are calculated for the same systems at the same level of theory, and it is shown how the approximations relate to the ab initio data.
Cyanoethylated pullulan as a high-k solution processable polymer gate dielectric for SWCNT TFTs

Abstract Cyanoethylated pullulan (CEP), a high-k solution processable polymer gate dielectric, is used to fabricate bottom gated single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network thin film transistors (TFTs). Both aqueous and organic dispersions of highly semiconducting enriched SWCNTs are used as the channel material. Use of CEP as the dielectric enables fabrication of devices operating at low voltage ( 1 Hz) is found to significantly decrease the transconductance. This is shown to be related to a significant frequency dependence of the capacitance associated with a slow polarization response of the dielectric. Despite this limitation, CEP could be a useful dielectric in SWCNT TFTs for applications such as sensors and low frequency amplifiers.
Age of Bilingual Exposure Is Related to the Contribution of Phonological and Semantic Knowledge to Successful Reading Development.

Bilingual children's reading as a function of age of first bilingual language exposure (AoE) was examined. Bilingual (varied AoE) and monolingual children (N = 421) were compared in their English language and reading abilities (6-10 years) using phonological awareness, semantic knowledge, and reading tasks. Structural equation modeling was applied to determine how bilingual AoE predicts reading outcomes. Early exposed bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on phonological awareness and word reading. Phonology and semantic (vocabulary) knowledge differentially predicted reading depending on the bilingual experience and AoE. Understanding how bilingual experiences impact phonological awareness and semantic knowledge, and in turn, impact reading outcomes is relevant for our understanding of what language and reading skills are best to focus on, and when, to promote optimal reading success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Early vestibular and visual dysfunction predicts prolonged symptomatology following paediatricpediatric concussion

Objective Vestibular and visual dysfunction, including accommodation disorder, symptoms with vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) testing, or receded near point of convergence, are common following concussion and have been associated with prolonged concussion symptomatology. The objective of this study was to determine whether vestibular and visual information contributed significantly to a model predicting the likelihood of having persistent concussion symptoms at 28 days after injury. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting Sports medicine concussion program within a large regional paediatric healthcare network. Participants 274 consecutive patients aged 3-18 years with the diagnosis of concussion seen in the concussion program Independent Variables Standard demographic and clinical data, as well as vestibular and visual examination findings at presentation Outcome measures Symptom recovery from concussion, defined as a symptom score=0 on the Post Concussion Symptom Scale at 28 days Main results Study subjects were 3–18 years (median=14), presenting a median of 14 days from injury. Applying a stepwise regression approach using traditional demographic and clinical variables (age, gender, past medical history, symptoms and balance testing) as well as information from vestibular and visual testing, we found that VOR testing is a statistically significant component (p=0.02) of the final predictive model. Furthermore, in the subset of patients presenting within 14 days of injury, positive VOR testing (p=0.02) and vision problems (p=0.01) significantly contribute to predicting ongoing symptoms at 28 days. Conclusions Symptoms with VOR testing and vision problems upon presentation within 14 days of injury contributed significantly to the prediction model for prolonged symptoms following concussion and warrant further study. Competing interests None.
Evaluation and Comparison of Contemporary Energy-Based Surgical Vessel Sealing Devices.

Abstract Introduction: We evaluated and compared five currently available energy-based vessel sealing devices to assess typical surgical metrics. Methods: We tested Caiman 5 (C5), Harmonic Scalpel ...
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: An Autoethnographic Journey on Doing Participatory Action Research as a Graduate Student:

The lead author documents the promises and pitfalls of doing critical participatory action research (PAR) as a graduate student within traditional institutions. This autoethnographic essay captures...
WDR41 supports lysosomal response to changes in amino acid availability.

New insight is provided into lysosomal functions of WDR41 and the functional relevance of its lysosome-localized interactions with C9orf72 and SMCR8 proteins. More broadly, the results shed new lig...
Fluid and Pressor Resuscitation: The Management of Oliguria, Hypotension, and Prerenal States

When the patient is not making urine, do not give Lasix (furosemide). It is a fundamental misunderstanding of human physiology to give a diuretic to a patient with acute oliguria. No scientific rationale or clinical evidence supports the use of loop diuretics in patients with acute oliguria; these agents should rarely if ever be used in this setting.
Spatial Transformations of Scene Stimuli: It’s an Upright World

At least two different types of mental spatial transformations can be used in spatial reasoning: object-based transformations—updating an object’s spatial reference frame, and perspective transformations—updating the viewer’s egocentric reference frame. Pictures of human bodies have been shown to flexibly engage these systems for different tasks, suggesting that the neural systems implementing these two transformations may be adapted for different spatial reasoning situations. In the present study, four experiments tested how pictures of immersive spaces—rooms—selectively engage different transformations. Response latency patterns suggested that the visual system quickly interprets pictures of scenes using two dissociable spatial transformations: object-based transformations, which re-orient the picture with respect to upright in the world, and perspective transformations, in which the viewer imagines themselves taking up a position within the depicted scene.
PLASTICITY | Inositol Lipid Signaling in Synaptic Activity, Neuronal Plasticity and Epileptogenesis

Discrete phospholipid pools of membranes, related to both pre- and postsynaptic regions as well intracellular organelles, serve as reservoirs of lipids that function as second messengers. Specific lipid messengers are cleaved and released by phospholipases in response to signals such as neurotrophic factors, cytokines, ion channel activation, and neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate). These lipid messengers, in turn, interact with and regulate other signaling cascades that modulate membrane excitability and plasticity. Here we discuss the significance of the inositol lipid signaling in seizures and epileptogenesis.
Simultaneous thoracic aortic endovascular graft and transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient with a descending aortic thrombus.

Abstract Severe descending thoracic and abdominal aortic pathology can deter consideration of transfemoral (TF) access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in adults with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) and may lead to utilization of alternative access sites. We report a case of an 88-year-old frail woman with severe symptomatic AS referred for TAVR with demonstration of a large thrombus in the descending thoracic aorta immediately distal to the left subclavian artery. Given concerns of thrombus embolization with femoral advancement of the transcatheter valve, coverage with a thoracic aortic endograft was planned immediately prior to the TAVR.
Modeling Groundwater Rise Caused by Sea-Level Rise in Coastal New Hampshire

Knott, J.F.; Jacobs, J.M.; Daniel, J.S., and Kirshen, P., 2019. Modeling groundwater rise caused by sea-level rise in coastal New Hampshire. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(1), 143–157. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Coastal communities with low topography are vulnerable from sea-level rise (SLR) caused by climate change and glacial isostasy. Coastal groundwater will rise with sea level, affecting water quality, the structural integrity of infrastructure, and natural ecosystem health. SLR-induced groundwater rise has been studied in coastal areas of high aquifer transmissivity. In this regional study, SLR-induced groundwater rise is investigated in a coastal area characterized by shallow unconsolidated deposits overlying fractured bedrock, typical of the glaciated NE. A numerical groundwater-flow model is used with groundwater observations and withdrawals, LIDAR topography, and surface-water hydrology to investigate SLR-induced changes in groundwater levels in New Hampshire's coastal region. The SLR groundwater signal is detected more than three times farther inland than projected tidal flooding from SLR. The projected mean groundwater rise relative to SLR is 66% between 0 and 1 km, 34% between 1 and 2 km, 18% between 2 and 3 km, 7% between 3 and 4 km, and 3% between 4 and 5 km of the coastline, with large variability around the mean. The largest magnitude of SLR-induced groundwater rise occurs in the marine and estuarine deposits and peninsulas with tidal water bodies on three sides. Groundwater rise is dampened near streams. Groundwater inundation is projected to contribute 48% of the total inundated area from both SLR-induced groundwater rise and marine tidal flooding in the city of Portsmouth, with consequences for built and natural resources. Freshwater wetlands are projected to expand 3% by the year 2030, increasing to 25% by the end of the century, coupled with water-depth increases.
A Brief Overview of Evolutionary Cognitive Archaeology

The following chapter provides a brief overview of two central objectives of evolutionary cognitive archaeology (ECA). The first objective concerns the approaches that evolutionary cognitive archaeologists utilize to infer mind frames. These approaches (or methods) and the cognitive inferences they help the archaeologist make will be discussed chronologically from their earliest sightings in the archaeological literature. The second objective to be treated in this chapter concerns the mechanisms of cognitive evolution. Although natural selection is still considered to be the main mechanism behind cognitive evolution, other mechanisms that show promise have also been proposed and, as such, will be examined. The chapter concludes with a short discussion of the two chapters that follow this one and their contribution to the field of ECA.
Establishing a three-generation prospective study: Bogalusa daughters.

Objective:The Developmental Origins of Disease hypothesis has spurred increased interest in how prenatal exposures affect lifelong health, while mechanisms such as epigenetics may explain the multigenerational influences on health. Such factors are not well captured within conventional epidemiologic study designs. We explored the feasibility of collecting information on the offspring and grand-offspring of participants in a long-running study.Design:The Bogalusa Heart Study is a study, begun in 1973, of life-course cardiovascular health in a semirural population (65% white and 35% black).Main measures:Female participants who had previously provided information on their pregnancies were contacted to obtain contact information for their daughters aged 12 and older. Daughters were then contacted to obtain reproductive histories, and invited for a clinic or lab visit to measure cardiovascular risk factors.Results:Two hundred seventy-four daughters of 208 mothers were recruited; 81% (223) had a full clinic visit and 19% (51) a phone interview only. Forty-five percent of the daughters were black, and 55% white. Mean and median age at interview was 27, with 15% under the age of 18. The strongest predictors of participation were black race, recent maternal participation in the parent study, and living in or near Bogalusa. Simple correlations for cardiovascular risk factors across generations were between r = 0.19 (systolic blood pressure) and r = 0.39 (BMI, LDL).Conclusion:It is feasible to contact the children of study participants even when participants are adults, and initial information on the grandchildren can also be determined in this manner.
Obstructive Lung Disease in HIV-Phenotypes and Pathogenesis

In the antiretroviral therapy era, people living with HIV (PLWH) are surviving to older ages. Chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occur more frequently. COPD is often described as a single entity, yet multiple manifestations may be considered phenotypes. HIV is an independent risk factor for certain COPD phenotypes, and mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of these phenotypes may differ and impact response to therapy. Impaired diffusing capacity, airflow obstruction, and radiographic emphysema occur in PLWH and are associated with increased mortality. Age, sex, tobacco, and HIV-specific factors likely modulate the severity of disease. An altered lung microbiome and residual HIV in the lung may also influence phenotypes. COPD is prevalent in PLWH with multiple phenotypes contributing to the burden of disease. HIV-specific factors and the respiratory microbiome influence disease pathogenesis. As tobacco use remains a significant risk factor for COPD, smoking cessation must be emphasized for all PLWH.