cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talking to Our Patients About Their Sexual Health and Intimacy

Date Presented 4/16/2015 The purpose of this study was to identify the role of sexual health in occupational therapy practice at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC). The methods used in this study consisted of surveys and a focus group. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and were used to identify the top five reasons occupational therapists do not address sexuality. The conclusion of this study is that the role of sexuality is often ignored in occupational therapy.
Observation of Interaction and Circular Motion of Solitons in Bessel-Like Ring Lattices

We demonstrate particle-like soliton interaction and rotation in Bessel-like photonic lattices. Attractive and repulsive rotations as well as planet-like orbiting of two solitons were observed with different initial phase relations.
Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi and Transition State Scaling Relations of Furan Derivatives on Pd(111) and Their Relation to Those of Small Molecules

Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) and transition state scaling (TSS) linear free energy relations are extended to C–H, O–H, C–O and C–C bond breaking reactions occurring on the ring and the functional groups of furan (hydrofuran, dihydrofuran, trihydrofuran, and tetrahydrofuran) and furfural derivatives (e.g., furfural, furfuryl alcohol, methyl furan, etc.) on Pd(111). The relations perform statistically as well as those for small molecules reported previously. Hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions have smaller deviations compared to C–C and C–O bond breaking ones. This is in line with the degree of structural change during reaction and agrees with observations in previous works. We conclude that BEP relations developed for small molecules are not statistically different from those developed for furanics. A universal BEP relation is not statistically different from most of the BEP relations developed for furanics, with the exception of C–O, O–H and C–H scission reactions at the functional group, for which on...
Creating the Perfect Umbilicus: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature

The aim of this study was to perform an updated systematic review of the literature over the last 10 years, analyzing and comparing the many published techniques with the hope of providing plastic surgeons with a new standard in creating the perfect umbilicus in the setting of both abdominoplasty and abdominally based free-flap breast reconstruction. An initial search using the PubMed online database with the keyword “umbilicoplasty” was performed. These results were filtered to only include articles published within the last 10 years. The remaining articles were thoroughly reviewed by the authors and only those pertaining to techniques for umbilicoplasty in the setting of abdominoplasty and abdominally based free flap were included. Of the 10 unique techniques yielded by our search, 9/10 (90 %) initially incised the native umbilicus with a round, oval, or vertical ellipse pattern. Of the 9 techniques that initially perform a round incision, 4 of them (44.4 %) later modify the round umbilicus with either an inferior or superior excision to create either a “U”- or “inverted U”-shaped umbilicus. In terms of the shape of the incision made in the abdominal flap for umbilical reinsertion, the most common were either a round incision or an inverted “V” or “U,” both of which accounted for 4/10 (40 %) and 3/10 (30 %), respectively. Almost all of the studies (8/10; 80 %) describe “defatting” or trimming of the subcutaneous adipose tissue around the incision to create a periumbilical concavity following inset of the umbilicus. 4/10 (40 %) of the techniques describe suturing the dermis of the umbilical skin to rectus fascia. Furthermore, 3/10 (30 %) advise that stalk plication is a necessary step to their technique. 7/9 techniques (77.8 %) preferred nondissolvable sutures for skin closure, with nylon being the most common suture material used. Only 2/9 (22.2 %) used dissolvable sutures. Although future studies are necessary, it is our hope that this systematic review better elucidates the techniques and provides some guidance to both aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgeons in the pursuit of creating the perfect umbilicus following abdominoplasty and TRAM/DIEP breast reconstruction. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Immigrant Youth Life Stressors

Although the relationship between stressors and psychopathology has been firmly established in adolescence, the heterogeneous context and characteristics of immigration, settlement, and reception confer specific stressors for immigrant youth above and beyond developmentally normal stressors faced by most youth. A conceptual model for understanding the relationship between stressful experiences and psychopathology in immigrant youth is crucial in order to implement effective treatment within this vulnerable population. This chapter defines immigrant youth life stressors as frequent environmental events or conditions that pose a risk to physical and psychological health and may compound the risk associated with previous trauma exposure. Based on a review of the literature, a categorization of immigrant youth life stressors is proposed. This chapter reviews and organizes research on immigrant youth and, based on the findings, advocates for a broader and more collaborative approach to treatment. A case example highlights how categorizing stressors holds clinical utility in guiding clinical case formulation and prioritizing intervention.
Snapshot full-volume coded aperture x-ray diffraction tomography

X-ray diffraction tomography (XRDT) is a well-established technique that makes it possible to identify the material composition of an object throughout its volume. We show that using coded apertures to structure the measured scatter signal gives rise to a family of imaging architectures than enables snapshot XRDT in up to 4-dimensions. We consider pencil, fan, and cone beam snapshot XRDT and show results from both experimental and simulation-based studies. We find that, while lower-dimensional systems typically result in higher imaging fidelity, higher-dimensional systems can perform adequately for a specific task at orders of magnitude faster scan times.
Network modelling and prediction of retrograde gas behaviour in natural gas pipeline systems

As retrograde gases are transported through pipeline systems, retrograde condensation may occur. The presence of this additional liquid phase is responsible for additional pressure losses in natural gas surface production systems. Gases and liquids have markedly different routing behaviour when moving concurrently through a network system and the determination of their distribution within the network is of vital importance for retrograde gas surface transportation operations. This study is aimed at developing and testing an analytical tool that predicts phase behaviour of retrograde gas in natural gas pipeline systems. This tool will allow operators to make better decisions regarding liquid phase removal from the network, pressure loss mitigation, design and location of surface production and separation equipment with an accurate map of the pressure, phase distribution and phase property inside the network. The proposed network model for retrograde gas is able to handle realistic field situations and allows the user to effectively track liquid and gas preferential routing within the network and provide guidance for improving the performance of the entire gas pipeline system.
Evaluation and Combination of Forecasts

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses evaluation and combination of forecasts. To gain an improved forecast, combination technique is considered best because neither constituent forecast is using all of the data in the available information set in an optimum fashion. The success of combination suggests that a more general model should be attempted, including the better features of the models underlying the constituent forecasts. This also suggests that combining forecasts will be particularly successful when using constituents based on quite different philosophies, such as those using a time series Box–Jenkins model and a regression model. If an economist produces a sequence of forecasts based on whatever information he decides to use, including rumors or gut feelings about the situation, these can be combined with forecasts based on a standard data analysis. If the nonnumerical data have any consistent predictive value, the economist's forecasts should obtain a positive weight. A use of combining forecasts help to evaluate forecasts based on a wide information set, such as those derived from an econometric model.
Empowerment Diabetes Group Visit Curriculum for the Rural-UrbanUnderserved: Development and Staff Training

Diabetes Mellitus is a major public health concern of epidemic proportion in the current health care climate of the United States. Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are primary risk factors for the development of type two diabetes (T2DM), and prominent in individuals of all ethnicities, genders, and socioeconomic status. Self-management plays a fundamental role in positive health outcomes for these individuals and therefore, attempts to improve patient knowledge, education and management of T2DM must be targeted. Group medical visits offer an innovative approach that is efficient, effective and affordable. The Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) project addresses the inherent limitations of diabetes management in primary care through a quality improvement project and the creation of the Empowerment Diabetes Group. The DNP quality improvement project focus is threefold, including: The creation of an evidence-based curriculum for group diabetes visits, education and staff training, and the anticipation of organization constraints and barriers to implementation. The project takes place at La Clinica del Valle’s Wellness Center, a federally qualified health center serving a rural-urban community.
Acylureido penicillins in neonatal intensive care. Preliminary communication.

The antimicrobial sensitivity of 232 bacteria isolated from patients in a newborn intensive care unit was tested. Practically all organisms were sensitive to a combination of mezlocillin-aminoglycoside; a few were resistant to azlocillin-aminoglycoside. Eighteen patients, all severly ill, were treated with the combination acylureidopenicillin-aminoglycoside. Nine patients died, eight due to non-infectious diseases and one very small premature baby due toSerratia marcescens meningitis. The other patients showed good clinical improvement. The only side-effect observed was a macular rash in one patient.
Technologies of Concealment: Appropriateness, Effectiveness, and Motivations for Hiding Organizational Identity

Some organizations and their members use, or limit the use of, technologies to conceal their identity. This study explores, from a receiver perspective, the perceived appropriateness and effectiveness of concealment technologies and how different motivations to conceal affect those assessments. A survey of 120 adults reveals that various technologies are similarly effective at concealing organizations, but differ in terms of appropriateness. Protecting one’s identity consistently relates to judgments regarding acceptability of using concealment technologies. This research adds to theories about communication technologies and extends work related to the receiver model and motivations for anonymity.
Risky places: An analysis of carjackings in Detroit☆

Abstract The purpose of this research is to apply Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) to identify spatial indicators that may place citizens at higher risk for carjackings in the City of Detroit, Michigan, USA. While a number of risk factors were tested, the RTM Diagnostic utility identified six that were influential in the best fitting model: proximity to service stations; convenience/grocery/liquor stores; bus stops; residential and commercial demolitions; and areas with high concentrations of drug arrests and restaurants. These factors resulted in relative risk scores that ranged from 1 for the lowest risk areas to 278 for the highest risk areas. This implied that certain locations had an expected rate of carjacking that was 278 times higher than other locations.
The induction of mutants of bacteriophage T2 by 5-bromouracil. IV. Kinetics of bromouracil-induced mutagenesis.

A kinetic study has been made of the effects of 5-bromouracil deoxyriboside (BrUDR) on T2 development in a sulfanilamide-containing medium. As tested by the u.v. light sensitivity of the intracellularly developing phage and by the time of appearance of the first intracellular mature phages, it was found that sulfanilamide and BrUDR did not change the pattern of phage development, but slowed it down slightly. Sulfanilamide caused lysis inhibition of the r2 pahges in this medium. BrUDR did not begin to be effective as a mutagen until the time expected for commencement of phage DNA synthesis, but the mutagenic action of BrUDR could be exerted at any time thereafter as long as phage DNA continued to be synthesized. Counteraction of free BrUDR by thymidine at 15 min after infection did not halt the continued production of mutants. It is proposed that mutations are induced both in the process of the introduction of BrU into phage DNA and during the replication of DNA containing BrU. Two mechanisms by which BrU might induce the appearance of altered base sequences in phage DNA are outlined.
Power Distance, Receiver Facework, Innovation, and Superior-Subordinate Relationships

This chapter discusses the cultural dimension power distance and how it relates to business and face. Power distance is described as a receiver perceptions that is part of the cultural imprint that affects responses to others and is correlated with collectivism. The association between power distance and unjust world beliefs, power, hierarchy, maintaining the status quo, direct communication (those who are powerful), indirect communication, consultation expectations, harmony, cooperation, passivity, innovation, motivation, and paternalism is explained in this chapter. Other topics relating to business such as leadership, superior-subordinate relationships, teams, participation, and petty tyranny are deliberated on as well.
The Importance of Producing Shared Code Through Pair Programming

Collaborative learning frameworks such as pair programming have been shown to be highly effective for computer science learning. Skeptics of this approach often refer to the risk of one student relying on a stronger partner to solve the problem. Lending weight to this skepticism, many theories emphasize the importance of learner autonomy. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that a hybrid pair programming paradigm-one in which partners work together side-by-side at two separate computers and produce their own versions of the code-may be even more effective than traditional pair programming. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a study in which 200 introductory programming students were paired and then placed in either a pair-programming condition (two students at one computer) or a hybrid condition (two students at two computers). The results show that traditional pair programming fostered comparable learning gains as measured on an individual post-test, and significantly higher student satisfaction, than the hybrid approach. These findings highlight the importance of not just collaborating, but working together on shared code, for novice computer science learners.
Using restrictions to accept or reject solutions of radical equations

The standard technique for solving equations with radicals is to square both sides of the equation as many times as necessary to eliminate all radicals. Because the procedure violates logical equivalence, it results in extraneous solutions that do not satisfy the original equation, making it necessary to check all solutions against the original equation. We propose alternative solution procedures that are rigorous and simple to execute where the extraneous solutions can be identified without verification against the original equation. In this article, we review previous literature, establish and illustrate rigorous solution procedures for radical equations of depth 1 (i.e. equations where all radicals can be eliminated in one step), and deal with an ambiguity concerning the definition of real-valued solutions to radical equations. An application to defining the inverse function, resulting in a parametric radical equation, is also explained.
Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease

Four cases of Kawasaki Disease (KD) treated at Bartlett Regional Hospital, Juneau, AK, are reviewed and discussed. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures recommended by the American Heart Association were followed and these cases discussed. Another case of probable Kawasaki Disease occurring in Anchorage, Alaska Native Medical Center, in 1965, is presented and compared with the other four. Current management of KD, with intravenous gamma globulin (IVGG) and aspirin (ASA) is highly effective, but was not known or available in 1965.
Creating a Technology Toolkit for Students with Mental Retardation: A Systematic Approach.

Assistive technology consideration and implementation is often limited by the technology experience and knowledge of the education professionals involved in the process. The creation of a toolkit c...
Exploring social and psycho-social factors that might help explain the Afro-Caribbean boy underachievement in England

Abstract For over four decades, it has been documented that Afro-Caribbean boys in England underachieve compared to their female counterparts. Caribbean literature has pointed to social and psycho-social factors that might be important in explaining some of this difference. To examine the extent to which these factors are important even throughout the Caribbean diaspora, this quantitative study explored the role these social and psychosocial factors played in explaining the achievement gap between Afro-Caribbean boys and girls residing in England. Findings demonstrated that only a few of these factors identified in Caribbean literature were important for attenuating the gap.
Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) for environmental remote sensing: challenges and opportunities revisited

Hardin and Jensen (2011) presented six challenges to using small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) for environmental remote sensing: challenge of the hostile flying environment, challenge of power, ch...
Effect of retained austenite on micropitting behavior of carburized AISI 8620 steel under boundary lubrication

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of retained austenite (RA) on the micropitting behavior of carburized AISI 8620 steel under boundary lubrication condition. Samples with RA ranging from approximately 0–70% were prepared using specific carburizing schemes. Rolling contact fatigue tests were carried out at maximum contact pressure 1.5 GPa using a benchtop test rig. Samples were subsequently analyzed using noncontact white light profilometry and micro X-Ray Diffraction to observe the evolution of micropitting and RA, respectively. An increase in RA% resulted in increased micropitting life. The failure mechanism for the lowest RA samples was dominated by early crack initiation and rapid crack propagation, whereas samples with medium and high RA showed initiation and propagation of micropitting with clear evidence of RA transforming to martensite. Higher levels of RA% to ensure a stable amount remains after this transformation is desirable for extended micropitting life. An extended finite element method (XFEM) which included a Voronoi tessellation to randomly generate the steel microstructure was used to simulate the experiments, and showed that consistent with experimental findings, crack propagation was increasingly hindered in the case of microstructure with increasing RA%.
Acetylation activates an alternative function of SOD2 as a stemness factor in breast cancer

Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) displays a dichotomous role in cancer, being a suppressor of tumor initiation while stimulating cancer progression later in the established disease. The mechanistic basis of this switch remains unknown. Our results indicate that an increase in SOD2 expression beyond a defined threshold leads to its accumulation in an acetylated state and the activation of redox stress responses including, as reported here, the activation of hypoxic signaling. Specifically, we found that increased expression of SOD2/Ac-SOD2 stabilizes hypoxia-induced factor 2α (HIF2α) in a H2O2-dependent manner. Consequently, the SOD2/HIF2α promotes core stemness gene (i.e. Oct4 and SOX2) expression increasing the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation, tumorigenicity and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Based on these findings we propose that as tumors evolve to advanced stages a mitochondrial pathway dependent on SOD2/ROS and HIF2α is activated and contributes to CSC formation. It is also proposed that a SOD2high/HIF2α+ may identify cells in breast cancer with tumor initiating capacity and high metastatic potential.
Growth and adipose tissue metabolism in young pigs fed cimaterol with adequate or low dietary protein.

The beta-adrenergic agonist, cimaterol, was fed to young growing pigs to determine whether the carcass compositional changes observed in finishing pigs fed a beta-adrenergic agonist would be manifest in young animals. Furthermore, because cimaterol increased the deposition of lean mass in finishing pigs, it could have a protein sparing effect in young pigs that are rapidly accreting muscle mass and have a high dietary protein requirement. Pigs were fed cimaterol (at 0, .25 and .50 mg X kg-1 diet) and either an adequate (18%) or restricted (14%) protein diet from about 10 to 60 kg body weight. Pigs that were fed the 14 compared with 18% protein diet grew slower and ate less but had the same gain-to-feed ratio. These pigs also had shorter carcasses, less lean muscle and more fat deposition (assessed by carcass measurements and carcass chemical composition) than pigs that received adequate protein. Plasma protein and albumin concentrations were greater and plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and fatty acid concentrations were lower in pigs fed high compared with low dietary protein. Dietary cimaterol had no effect on any of the growth or carcass variables or on adipose tissue metabolism. When fed the high protein diet, cimaterol-supplemented pigs had smaller livers and stomachs. Dietary cimaterol did not have any major detectable effects on these young pigs, nor was there any evidence for a protein sparing effect.
Role of α2-macroglobulin in the immune responses of invertebrates

Although proteases play essential roles in the lives of all organisms, they are also importantagents of disease and pathogenesis in metazoans. Most notably, proteases are essential virulence factors for a broad array of prokaryote and eukaryote parasites. One strategy used by the immune system of metazoans to defend against parasitic attack is to neutralize the toxins and essential virulence factors that allow the parasite to gain entry to the host and to survive and proliferate in the internal environment of the metazoan host. The particular defense system of interest to the present review is the system of endogenous protease inhibitors that operate to inactivate the secreted proteases utilized by invading parasites during the infection cycle within the host. Protease inhibitors are of two broad classes, active-site inhibitors that bind to and inactivate the active sites of target proteases and the α2-macroglobulin class of inhibitors that operate as opsonins to bind and mark proteases in a manner that allows the subsequent endocytosis and intracellular proteolytic degradation of the α2-macroglobulin-protease complex. Members of the α2-macroglobulin class of inhibitors interact with target proteases by the novel process of enfolding the protease into a pocket within the interior of the α2-macroglobulin molecule, which is followed by binding of the complex to the α2-macroglobulin receptor at the surfaces of macrophages and other endocytotic cells and its endocytosis and degradation. In contrast to the active-site protease inhibitors, each of which is specialized to interact with a small subset of all endopeptidases, the α2-macroglobulin inhibitors are remarkably promiscuous, binding proteases of all enzymatic classes and origins. This characteristic allows α2-macroglobulin to play an important role in immune defense because this one protein is capable of binding and neutralizing the diverse array of proteases that function as virulence factors of the diverse array of parasites out there in the environment of metazoa.
Methods for Managing Tolerance Compatibility: Windows in Cast-in-Place Concrete

AbstractManaging tolerances is a challenge addressed daily on construction projects, yet tolerance management methods and knowledge of such methods appear to be lacking in the architecture-engineer...
Age disparities in six-month treatment retention for opioid use disorder.

Abstract Background and Aims Adolescents with opioid use disorder (OUD) are an understudied and vulnerable population. We examined the association between age and six-month treatment retention, and whether any such association was moderated by medication treatment. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we used an insurance database with OUD treatment claims from 2006−2016. We examined 261,356 OUD treatment episodes in three age groups: adolescents (ages 12−17), young adults (18−25) and older adults (26−64). We used logistic regression to estimate prevalence of six-month retention before and after stratification by treatment type (buprenorphine, naltrexone, or psychosocial only). Insurance differences (commercial vs Medicaid) in medication treatment prevalence were also assessed. Results Adolescents were less likely to be retained compared to adults (17.6 %; 95 % CI 16.5–18.7 % for adolescents; 25.1 %; 95 % CI 24.7–25.4 % for young adults; 33.3 %; 95 % CI 33.0–33.5 % for older adults). This disparity was reduced after adjusting for treatment type. For all ages, buprenorphine was more strongly associated with retention than naltrexone or psychosocial treatment. Adolescents who received buprenorphine were more than four times as likely to be retained in treatment (44.8 %; 95 % CI 40.6–49.0) compared to those who received psychosocial services (9.7 %; 95 % CI 8.8–10.8). Persons with commercial insurance were more likely to receive medication than those with Medicaid (73 % vs 36 %, (χ2 = 38,042.6, p Conclusions Age disparities in six-month treatment retention are strongly related to age disparities in medication treatment. Results point to need for improved implementation of medication treatment for persons with OUD, regardless of age or insurance status.
Measuring treatment outcome in severe Wernicke’s aphasia

Chronic severe Wernicke’s aphasia has a poor prognosis and is challenging to treat. Furthermore, even when there is potential for improvement, formal assessments using accuracy scores only to measu...
Perceived change in physical activity levels and mental health during COVID-19: Findings among adult twin pairs.

Background Physical distancing and other COVID-19 pandemic mitigation strategies may have unintended consequences on a number of health behaviors and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between perceived change in physical activity or exercise and mental health outcomes over the short-term in response to COVID-19 mitigation strategies in a sample of adult twins. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 3,971 identical and same-sex fraternal adult twins (909 pairs, 77% identical) from the community-based Washington State Twin Registry. Participants in this study completed an online survey examining the impact of COVID-19 mitigation on a number of health-related behaviors and outcomes, administered between March 26 and April 5, 2020. In the present study, the exposure was perceived change in physical activity or exercise. The outcomes were levels of perceived anxiety and stress. Results More twin pairs reported a decrease in physical activity levels (42%) than those reporting no change (31%) or increased physical activity levels (27%). A perceived decrease in physical activity or exercise was associated with higher stress and anxiety levels. However, the physical activity–stress relationship was confounded by genetic and shared environmental factors. On the other hand, the physical activity–anxiety relationship held after controlling for genetic and shared environmental factors, although it was no longer significant after further controlling for age and sex, with older twins more likely to report lower levels of anxiety and females more likely to report higher levels of anxiety. Conclusions Strategies to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic may be impacting physical activity and mental health, with those experiencing a decrease in physical activity also having higher levels of stress and anxiety. These relationships are confounded by genetic and shared environmental factors, in the case of stress, and age and sex, in the case of anxiety.
Christ as Infinite and Finite: Rowan Williams’ Christ the Heart of Creation:

In this splendid volume, Rowan Williams offers a modern Christology re-presenting and interpreting the Cyrillian theology as expressed in the councils of Constantinople II and III. A “single Subjec...
The Prospective Association of Internalized Sexual Prejudice during Adolescence with Binge Drinking, Smoking, and Disordered Weight Control Behaviors in Adulthood

Prior research shows the importance of internalized sexual prejudice and participation in health indicators for sexual minority people, yet no research has used prospective measures or differentiat...
Supersymmetric radiative corrections at large tan β

Abstract In the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM), fermion masses and Yukawa couplings receive radiative corrections at one loop from diagrams involving the supersymmetric particles. The corrections to the relation between down-type fermion masses and Yukawa couplings are enhanced by tan β, which makes them potentially very significant at large than β. These corrections affect a wide range of processes in the MSSM, including neutral and charged Higgs phenomenology, rare B meson decays, and renormalization of the CKM matrix. We give a pedagogical review of the sources and phenomenological effects of these corrections.
Cognitive Functioning and Educational Support Plans in Youth With Sickle Cell Disease.

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) face academic challenges because of direct and indirect disease-related events. This study examined the proportion of youth with SCD with educational plans and whether cognitive functioning is associated with educational support. Ninety-one youth (7 to 16 y) with SCD completed the WISC-V; caregivers reported educational support (504 Plan/Individualized Education Program) and completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. χ2 square and t test analyses explored whether overall intelligence (full-scale intelligence quotient [FSIQ]), relative weaknesses in processing speed and working memory (> 1SD below FSIQ), and parent-reported executive functioning were associated with educational plans. Participants with a FSIQ<90 were more likely to have support (74%) compared with youth with a FSIQ≥90 (47%; P=0.012). Those with FSIQ≥90 and FSIQ=80 to 89 were less likely to have support (47%, 58%, respectively) compared with those with FSIQ≤79 (89%; P=0.004). Relative weaknesses in processing speed were associated with educational support (83% vs. 52%, P=0.018) as well as behavioral aspects of executive functioning (Ps<0.05). Despite universal eligibility for a 504 Plan, 42% of youth with SCD in our sample did not have educational support. Significant deficits in intellectual functioning, processing speed, and parent-observed executive functioning are associated with having a plan, but children with subtle deficits seem less likely to be identified for educational support.
Natural medicine delivery from biomedical devices to treat bone disorders: A review

With an increasing life expectancy and aging population, orthopedic defects and bone graft surgeries are increasing in global prevalence. Research to date has advanced the understanding of bone biology and defect repair mechanism, leading to a marked success in the development of synthetic bone substitutes. Yet, the quest for functionalized bone grafts prompted the researchers to find a viable alternative that regulates cellular activity and supports bone regeneration and healing process without causing serious side-effects. Recently, researchers have introduced natural medicinal compounds (NMCs) in bone scaffold that enables them to release at a desirable rate, maintains a sustained release allowing sufficient time for tissue in-growth, and guides bone regeneration process with minimized risk of tissue toxicity. According to World Health Organization (WHO), NMCs are gaining popularity in western countries for the last two decades and are being used by 80% of the population worldwide. Compared to synthetic drugs, NMCs have a broader range of safety window and thus suitable for prolonged localized delivery for bone regeneration. There is limited literature focusing on the integration of bone grafts and natural medicines that provides detailed scientific evidences on NMCs, their toxic limits and particular application in bone tissue engineering, which could guide the researchers to develop functionalized implants for various bone disorders. This review will discuss the emerging trend of NMC delivery from bone grafts, including 3D-printed structures and surface-modified implants, highlighting the significance and potential of NMCs for bone health, guiding future paths toward the development of an ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To date, additive manufacturing technology provids us with many advanced patient specific or defect specific bone constructs exhibiting three-dimensional, well-defined microstructure with interconnected porous networks for defect-repair applications. However, an ideal scaffold should also be able to supply biological signals that actively guide tissue regeneration while simultaneously preventing post-implantation complications. Natural biomolecules are gaining popularity in tissue engineering since they possess a safer, effective approach compared to synthetic drugs. The integration of bone scaffolds and natural biomolecules exploits the advantages of customized, multi-functional bone implants to provide localized delivery of biochemical signals in a controlled manner. This review presents an overview of bone scaffolds as delivery systems for natural biomolecules, which may provide prominent advancement in bone development and improve defect-healing caused by various musculoskeletal disorders.
A Mems Zero Power Crop Water Stress Detector Based on Thermal Infrared Sensing

This paper reports on the first micromechanical photoswitch-based thermal-infrared sensor capable of detecting water-stress in a live plant while consuming nearzero standby power. The sensor selectively harvests the thermal radiation emitted from the leaves of a waterstressed plant and uses it to generate a digitized-output-bit. In particular, a SiO 2 /Pt stack was employed in the sensor as the broadband long-wavelength-infrared absorber centered at~10.6μm with a measured peak absorption~88%. The sensor was triggered only when the plant started showing water-stress (a temperature increase of 3.6°C when the relative-water-content dropped to 61%), while remaining dormant with zero-power consumption when the plant was healthy.
Short-term stimulation of collective cell migration in tissues reprograms long-term supracellular dynamics

The ability to program collective cell migration can allow us to control critical multicellular processes in development, regenerative medicine, and invasive disease. However, while various technologies exist to make individual cells migrate, translating these tools to control myriad, collectively interacting cells within a single tissue poses many challenges. For instance, do cells within the same tissue interpret a global migration 9command9 differently based on where they are in the tissue? Similarly, since no stimulus is permanent, what are the long-term effects of transient commands on collective cell dynamics? We investigate these questions by bioelectrically programming large epithelial tissues to globally migrate 9rightward9 via electrotaxis. Tissues clearly developed distinct rear, middle, side, and front responses to a single global migration stimulus. Furthermore, at no point post-stimulation did tissues return to their pre-stimulation behavior, instead equilibrating to a third, new migratory state. These unique dynamics suggested that programmed migration resets tissue mechanical state, which was confirmed by transient chemical disruption of cell-cell junctions, analysis of strain wave propagation patterns, and quantification of cellular crowd dynamics. Overall, this work demonstrates how externally driving the collective migration of a tissue can reprogram baseline cell-cell interactions and collective dynamics, even well beyond the end of the global migratory cue, and emphasizes the importance of considering the supracellular context of tissues and other collectives when attempting to program crowd behaviors.
Healthcare Workers’ Stress and Health Behaviors: Utilization of the Stages of Change Model

Most healthcare workers are not meeting the American Heart Association’s recommended 150 minutes of physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in healthcare workers' stress on their stages of distribution for physical activity using the Stages of Change model. A volunteer sample of 122 healthcare workers was asked to complete an online 3-page questionnaire measuring their perceived stress and stages of change distribution for their physical activity. The result revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the level of stress and stage of change distribution for the recommended level of physical activity as determined by one way ANOVA F (4, 118) = 3.36, p = .012.
Transverse and Longitudinal Ultrasound Location of Thyroid Nodules and Risk of Thyroid Cancer

Abstract Background The high prevalence of thyroid nodules demands accurate assessment tools to avoid unnecessary biopsies. Prior studies demonstrated a correlation between the longitudinal location of thyroid nodules and the likelihood of malignancy. No study has evaluated the predictive value of transverse location on ultrasonography with malignancy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of thyroid nodules that underwent fine-needle aspiration over 13 years, including demographics, risk factors, nodule sonographic features, location, and surgical pathology. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk of malignancy. Results Of the 668 thyroid nodules, 604 were analyzed with a definitive diagnosis. Thirty-seven nodules were malignant, representing a prevalence of 6.1%. In the longitudinal plane, the upper pole nodules carried the highest incidence of malignancy (14.9%). In the transverse plane, the highest incidence of malignancy occurred in nodules located laterally (12.5%) and anterior-laterally (11.8%). Compared with the upper pole, the odds of malignancy were significantly lower for lower pole (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09-0.70) and midlobe nodules (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.83). In the transverse plane, posteriorly situated nodules carried a significantly lower risk of malignancy (OR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.69). Multiple logistic regression confirmed these associations after adjusting for age, sex, family history, radiation exposure, nodule size, and sonographic characteristics. Conclusion Both the transverse and longitudinal planes were independent predictors of cancer in thyroid nodules. Lateral, anterior-lateral, and upper pole nodules carried the highest risk and posterior nodules had the lowest risk of malignancy.
An integrated network of microRNA and gene expression in ovarian cancer

Background Ovarian cancer is a deadly female reproductive cancer. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer could help lead to quicker and more accurate diagnosis and more effective treatments. Both changes in microRNA(miRNA) expression and miRNA/mRNA dysregulation have been associated with ovarian cancer. With the availability of whole-genome miRNA and mRNA sequencing we now have new potentials to study these associations. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in ovarian cancer using an integrative network approach combined with association analysis.
The Chicago Seven Conspiracy Trial

What did it all mean? Was the Chicago Seven Trial merely, as one commentator suggested, a monumental non-event? Was it, as others argue, an important battle for the hearts and minds of the American people? Or is it best seen as a symbol of the conflicts of values that characterized the late sixties? These are some of the questions that surround one of the most unusual courtroom spectacles in American history, the 1969-70 trial of seven radicals accused of conspiring to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. Culturally and politically, 1968 was one of the most turbulent years America has ever seen. Two groups met to discuss using the upcoming Democratic National Convention in Chicago to highlight their opposition to the Vietnam War and establishment values. Although there was some loose coordination between the two groups, they had different leadership, different agendas, and favored different forms of protest and demonstrations. The more politically focused of the two groups was the National Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam (MOBE). The group more focused on promoting an uninhibited lifestyle was the Youth International Party (YIPPIES). In addition to these two groups, organizations such as the Black Panther Party and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference also planned to have representatives in Chicago to press their complaints concerning racism in American policies and politics. Until enactment of the 1968 Civil Rights Act, rioting and incitement to riot was a strictly local law enforcement issue. Congress, however, felt compelled to respond to the ever-increasing numbers of anti-war protests around the country. The new law made it a federal crime to cross state lines with the intent to incite a riot. Even after passage of the law, Attorney General Ramsey Clark and the Justice Department were reluctant to enforce the new provisions. Clark viewed what had happened in Chicago as primarily a police riot. The Attorney General expressed more interest in prosecuting police officers for brutality than in prosecuting demonstrators for rioting. The Justice Department's lack of interest in prosecuting protest leaders outraged Chicago Mayor Richard Daley. Daley convinced a close friend and federal judge, William Campbell, to summon a grand jury to consider possible violations of the anti-riot law. On March 20, 1969, the jury returned indictments against eight demonstrators, balanced exactly by indictments against eight police officers. The eight indicted demonstrators included Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, Lee Weiner, and Bobby Seale. By the time the grand jury returned its indictments, the Nixon Administration had begun. The new attorney general, John Mitchell, exhibited none of his predecessor's reluctance about prosecuting demonstrators. Mitchell gave the green light to prosecute.
Crystal growth of metal fluorides for CO2 laser operation: II. Optimization of the reactive atmosphere process (RAP) choice

Abstract A series of RAP reactions is considered for the 10 μm transparent metal halides. These RAP actions are independent of the metal in the halide. Comparing non-RAP which uses only HF(g), the RAP actions may be ordered in terms of superiority based on the entropy. Of the five RAP actions chosen (A)–(E), it is shown that the order is, C2F4(g)>NF3(g)>CF4(g)>COF2(g)>SF6(g), before any metal was considered. The superiority over non-RAP is demonstrated with both yttrium, lanthanum, and thorium as examples.
Bacterial uptake of dissolved organic matter in relation to detrital aggregation in marine and freshwater systems1

Microbial uptake of 3H-labeled glucose and acetate was studied in water samples from various depths in the Pacific Ocean and Lake Tahoe, California. Microzones of incorporation were identified by comparison of autoradiographic detection of the uptake of 3H-labeled organic substrates with scanning electron micrographs of detritus (nonliving particulate matter and associated microflora). In both freshwater and marine systems, immediate (within 4 hr) accumulation of dissolved organic compounds was detected mainly in bacterial cells and filaments. With continued incubation, the label was dispersed throughout detrital particles, with localization greatest in bacteria. Uptake of both substrates by attached microorganisms was significantly higher in the cuphotic than in the aphotic zone as was the extent of detrital aggregation. Autoradiographs show that dissolved organic substrates assimilated by bacteria are linked to the formation of capsular materials, which are important in building detrital aggregates.
Control of Gene Expression by mRNA Transport and Turnover

Newly synthesized mRNA is neither naked nor static. Transcription is coupled to the assembly of mRNPs (messenger ribonucleoprotein particles) so that RNA-binding factors which are recruited to active transcription sites are available for immediate construction of the mRNP complex. These factors specify the processing, export, subcellular location, and stability of the mRNA. Assembly of the mRNP proceeds in an orderly fashion beginning with the association of the cap-binding protein complex. This step is followed by the splicing-dependent assembly of proteins at the exon junctions of intron-containing genes and the addition of adaptor proteins to facilitate RNA export. In this way it can be said that transcription is physically and functionally coupled to the pre-mRNA processing events that lead to the final, export-competent mRNP. The relationships among these processes are summarized in Figure 6.1.
Transforming Higher Education Institutions

What imperatives drive higher education institutions to innovate? What challenges do they face and how do they circumvent these challenges, especially when their ambitions outpace their resources? This chapter explores some of the innovations enacted at Elon University, charting its development on engaging its students in the “Elon Experiences” (internships, leadership, research, study abroad and service-learning). A small, liberal arts college in the United States, shifts in student demographics, their economic needs, and greater demands for economic and intellectual accountability from the institution and other factors dictated changes to the structure of the curriculum and institutional practices and cultures.