cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of organic pollutants in recovered soil fines from construction and demolition waste

The objective of this study was to characterize recovered soil fines from construction and demolition (C&D) waste recycling facilities for trace organic pollutants. Over a period of 18 months, five sampling trips were made to 14 C&D waste recycling facilities in Florida. Screened soil fines were collected from older stockpiles and newly generated piles at the sites. The samples were analyzed for the total concentration (mg/kg) of a series of volatile organic compound (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs). The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) test was also performed to evaluate the leachability of the trace organic chemicals. During the total analysis only a few volatile organic compounds were commonly found in the samples (trichlorofluoromethane, toluene, 4-isopropyltoluene, trimethylbenzene, xylenes, and methylene chloride). A total of nine VOCs were detected in the leaching test. Toluene showed the highest leachability among the compounds (61.3-92.0%), while trichlorofluoromethane, the most commonly detected compound from both the total and leaching tests, resulted in the lowest leachability (1.4-39.9%). For the semi-VOC analysis, three base-neutral semi-VOC compounds (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate) and several PAHs (acenaphthene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene) were commonly detected in C&D fines samples. These compounds also leached during the SPLP leaching test (0.1-25%). No acid extractable compounds, pesticides, or PCBs were detected. The results of this study were further investigated to assess risk from land applied recovered soil fines by comparing total and leaching concentrations of recovered soil fines samples to risk-based standards. The results of this indicate that the organic chemicals in recovered soil fines from C&D debris recycling facilities were not of a major concern in terms of human risk and leaching risk to groundwater under reuse and contact scenarios.
Building Consumer Relationships Electronically

Abstract This article addresses a set of interrelated issues in electronic Consumer Relationship Management (eCRM). The focus is specifically on an e-tailing context which consists of (a) consumers purchasing search goods of medium price, that (b) are delivered physically. The discussion deals with: (1) the relational needs of online consumers; (2) whose relational commitment emerges from a staged process; (3) involving an accumulated series of satisfying transactions; (4) that may entail different transaction types; and (5) with satisfaction on any given occasion being based on achievement relative to their expectations. These five components form a framework for building the eCRM business. The archetype for this e-tailing format is Amazon.com which, therefore, is used as a running example.
Pediatric ambulatory anesthesia in 2006

In 2006, we have further defined the optimal types of pediatric patients and procedures for ambulatory management in major medical centers and free-standing surgery centers. This review presents a summary of our experience with ambulatory surgical patients at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative concerns are addressed. In addition, criteria for ambulatory management, on the basis of patient health status, are reviewed in detail.
Monitoring research with human subjects

Active monitoring of research with human subjects is no longer reserved for especially complex research or investigating research alleged to be problematic. Rather, many human research subjects’ protection programmes now engage in routine monitoring. Although limited data concerning such monitoring are available, the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs (AAHRP), reports that in 2011 its accredited organisations (except those that are independent institutional review boards) conducted many routine audits (mean=40; median=11).1 While accredited organisations currently represent a small subset of human subjects’ research programmes, these data are consistent with AAHRP's standard (I.5): ‘The Organization measures and improves, when necessary, compliance with organizational policies and procedures and applicable laws, regulations, codes, and guidance. The Organization also measures and improves, when necessary, the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of the Human Research Protection Program.’2 In this issue of Journal of Medical Ethics …
Heat shock protein 90 is required for conidiation and cell wall integrity in Aspergillus fumigatus

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a eukaryotic molecular chaperone. Its involvement in the resistance of Candida albicans to azole and echinocandin antifungals is well established. However, little is known about Hsp90's function in the filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We investigated the role of Hsp90 in A. fumigatus by genetic repression and examined its cellular localization under various stress conditions. Failure to generate a deletion strain of hsp90 suggested that it is essential. Genetic repression of Hsp90 was achieved by an inducible nitrogen-dependent promoter (pniiA-Hsp90) and led to decreased spore viability, decreased hyphal growth, and severe defects in germination and conidiation concomitant with the downregulation of the conidiation-specific transcription factors brlA, wetA, and abaA. Hsp90 repression potentiated the effect of cell wall inhibitors affecting the β-glucan structure of the cell wall (caspofungin, Congo red) and of the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, supporting a role in regulating cell wall integrity pathways. Moreover, compromising Hsp90 abolished the paradoxical effect of caspofungin. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 by geldanamycin and its derivatives (17-AAG and 17-DMAG) resulted in similar effects. C-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagging of Hsp90 revealed mainly cytosolic distribution under standard growth conditions. However, treatment with caspofungin resulted in Hsp90 accumulation at the cell wall and at sites of septum formation, further highlighting its role in cell wall stress compensatory mechanisms. Targeting Hsp90 with fungal-specific inhibitors to cripple stress response compensatory pathways represents an attractive new antifungal strategy.
Work in progress: Learning flow-of-control with FlipLogic: A game-based approach

We present FlipLogic, a puzzle game that we developed to help children (ages 10–12) become familiar with conditional logic statements in programming. We designed the game to be embedded in an existing after-school curriculum on computer programming fundamentals. Our broader goal is to create a series of games to help students learn a variety of programming concepts including control statements, conditional branches, logic expressions, loops, and variables. We plan to study the effectiveness and motivational appeal of our design in after-school settings, comparing this game-based approach with a more traditional instructional approach.
Performance Comparisons Between DL-Methionine and DL-Methionine Hydroxy Analogue in Layers on an Unequal Molar Basis

SUMMARY Based on the assumption that the bioavailability of DL-methionine hydroxy analogue free acid (MHA-FA) is 65% on a weight basis relative to DL-methionine (DLM), the bioavailability of MHAFA was compared to DLM using molted hens. Five graded supplemental levels (0.012, 0.024, 0.036, 0.048, 0.060%) of Met from DLM (calculated as 99.7%) or MHA-FA (calculated as 65%) were added to a basal diet containing 14.97% protein and 0.27% Met. For the overall experimental period, differences between Met sources (P <0.05) were obtained at 0.012 and 0.048% supplemental Met for feed consumption; at 0.012, 0.036, 0.048, and 0.060% supplemental Met for egg production and egg mass; at 0.048% supplemental Met level for egg weight; and at 0.012% supplemental Met for feed conversion. The results indicated the bioavailability of MHA-FA relative to DLM was greater than 65% on a weight basis or 74% on a molar basis (P < 0.05).
THE HISTOPATHOLOGIC RESPONSE OF MICE TO ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS: COMPARISON BETWEEN GENETICALLY DEFINED HAPLOID AND DIPLOID STRAINS OF DIFFERENT VIRULENCE

The histopathologic response of DBA/2J male mice to intravenous inoculation of 2 genetically-defined strains (one haploid and the other diploid) of Aspergillus nidulans differing markedly in virulence were examined. This was done to decide whether the difference in virulence could be explained on the basis of host response to the 2 strains. No evidence was found to indicate that the host responds differently in terms of the lesions produced by the strains. The difference in virulence of the strains probably resides in inherent differences in their genetic composition thus supporting my previous investigations of the genetic control of virulence in A. nidulans.
Toxicology of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in the mouse.

ABSTRACTTrans-1,2-dich1oroethylene (DCE) was administered to male and female CD-I mice in order to evaluate its effects on standard toxicological parameters. Following an acute LD50 determination (2122 mg/kg in males and 2391 mg/kg in females) and a 14-day range-finding study, a 90-day drinking water study was performed using levels of DCE calculated to deliver approximately 1/100, 1/10, and 1/5 the LD50. Various toxicological assessments were made, including body and organ weights, hematology, serum chemistries, and hepatic microsomal activities. Few alterations were observed in either sex following 90 days of exposure. The most noteworthy changes occurred in the males exposed to the highest level of DCE, where there was a significant decrease in glutathione levels, and in the females exposed to all three DCE levels, where there was a significant decrease in aniline hydroxylase activity. These data served as background for the immunotoxicological evaluation presented in the following manuscript.
Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Tissue Histology of Growing Pigs Fed Crude Glycerin-Supplemented Diets

The effects of dietary crude glycerin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality indices, and tissue histology in growing pigs were determined in a 138-d feeding trial. Crude glyc- erin utilized in the trial contained 84.51% glycerin, 11.95% water, 2.91% sodium chloride, and 0.32% meth- anol. Eight days postweaning, 96 pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts, average BW of 7.9 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to 24 pens (4 pigs/pen), with sex and BW balanced at the start of the experiment. Dietary treatments were 0, 5, and 10% crude glycerin inclusion in corn-soybean meal-based diets and were randomly assigned to pens. Diets were offered ad libitum in meal form and for- mulated to be equal in ME, sodium, chloride, and Lys, with other AA balanced on an ideal AA basis. Pigs and feeders were weighed every other week to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. At the end of the trial, all pigs were scanned using real-time ultrasound and subse- quently slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Blood samples were collected pretransport and at the time of slaughter for plasma metabolite analysis. In addition, kidney, liver, and eye tissues were collected for subse- quent examination for lesions characteristic of metha- nol toxicity. After an overnight chilling of the carcass, loins were removed for meat quality, sensory evalua- tion, and fatty acid profile analysis. Pig growth, feed intake, and G:F were not affected by dietary treatment. Dietary treatment did not affect 10th-rib backfat, LM area, percent fat free lean, meat quality, or sensory evaluation. Loin ultimate pH was increased (P = 0.06) in pigs fed the 5 and 10% crude glycerin compared with pigs fed no crude glycerin (5.65 and 5.65 versus 5.57, respectively). Fatty acid profile of the LM was slightly changed by diet with the LM from pigs fed 10% crude glycerin having less linoleic acid (P < 0.01) and more eicosapentaenoic acid (P = 0.02) than pigs fed the 0 or 5% crude glycerin diets. Dietary treatment did not affect blood metabolites or frequency of lesions in the examined tissues. This experiment demonstrated that pigs can be fed up to 10% crude glycerin with no effect on pig performance, carcass composition, meat quality, or lesion scores.
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is a satisfactory alternative to long-term omeprazole therapy

A total of 168 patients with proven gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) receiving long-term medical therapy underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The operation was converted to open fundoplication in four patients. All patients reported complete (92.3 per cent) or partial (7.7 per cent) relief of reflux symptoms 1 month after surgery. There were no associated deaths and the perioperative complication rate was 8.9 per cent. The mean(s.e.m.) length of operating time was 69.9(2.4) min and mean(s.e.m.) hospital stay 2.7(0.1) days. Symptom score assessment, 24-h oesophageal pH recording and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure showed significant (P < 0.0001) improvement 6 months after surgery in 85 evaluable patients. Before operation 37.5 per cent of the patients were considered symptomatically controlled on omeprazole and had excellent symptom control after surgery. This initial experience suggests that laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is a safe and effective treatment for patients with GORD requiring long-term medication.
Sigma-1 Receptor Expression in Sensory Neurons and the Effect of Painful Peripheral Nerve Injury:

Background The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, is widely distributed and regulates numerous intracellular processes in neurons. Nerve injury alters the structure and function of axotomized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, contributing to the development of pain. The σ1R is enriched in the spinal cord and modulates pain after peripheral nerve injury. However, σ1R expression in the DRG has not been studied. We therefore characterized σ1R expression in DRGs at baseline and following spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats.
Role of Speculative Short Sales in Price Formation: The Case of the Weekend Effect

We argue that short sellers aiect prices in a signi¢cant and systematic manner. In particular, we contend that speculative short sales contribute to the weekend eiect: The inability to trade over the weekend is likely to cause these short sellers to close their speculative positions on Fridays and reestablish new short positions on Mondays causing stock prices to rise on Fridays and fall on Mondays.We ¢nd evidence in support of this hypothesis based on a comparison of high short-interest stocks and low short-interest stocks, stocks with and without actively traded options, IPOs, zero short-interest stocks, and highly volatile stocks. IN THIS PAPER, we empirically examine whether speculative short sales aiect prices in a systematic manner. The focus is on the weekend eiect that has remained an unexplained anomaly. Beginning with French (1980) and Gibbons and Hess (1981), there is much evidence in support of higher returns on Fridays and lower returns on Mondays. Keim and Stambaugh (1984) ¢nd that Friday returns are lower when there is Saturday trading. Ariel (1990) ¢nds that a signi¢cantly larger number of stocks rises preholiday than postholiday. Empirical evidence related to more recent periods points to an insigni¢cant weekend eiect for large ¢rms but continuance of the weekend eiect for an equally weighted index as documented herein. 1 Many potential explanations of the weekend eiect have been proposed and investigated: measurement errors (Gibbons and Hess (1981) and Keim and Stambaugh (1984)); delay between trading and settlement in stocks (Dyl and Martin (1985) and Lakonishok and Levi (1982)); specialist related biases in prices (Keim and Stambaugh); timing of corporate releases after Friday’s close (Damodaran (1989)); reduced institutional trading and greater individual trading on Mondays
The DREAM library support for PCD and RTO.k programming in C

In order to realize real-time computing in the form of a generalization of non-real-time computing and yet allowing system engineers to confidently produce certifiable RTCS's for safety-critical applications, we have established a real-time object-oriented (OO) structuring approach called the RTO.k object structuring scheme in recent years. Also, a model of an operating system kernel which can support both conventional real-time processes and RTO.k objects with guaranteed timely services, has been formulated. The model has been named the DREAM kernel. The DREAM kernel supports three powerful building blocks of process-structured real-time distributed programs: real-time process, concurrent-read-&-exclusive-write (CREW) shared data structure monitor for intra-node inter-process communication, and data field channels (DFC's) which are real-time logical multicast channels for inter-node and intra-node inter-process-group communication. Programs composed of these components are called PCD programs. A DREAM library that consists of a collection of specific C++ classes provides a user-friendly interface to DREAM kernel services for real-time application programs. An implemented prototype of the DREAM kernel encapsulated by the DREAM library supports not only well-structured PCD programming but also efficient programming of RTO.k objects in C++. The essence of PCD and RTO.k object programming in C++ with the aid of the DREAM library is discussed.
Sensor Networks With Random Links: Topology Design for Distributed Consensus

In a sensor network, in practice, the communication among sensors is subject to: 1) errors that can cause failures of links among sensors at random times; 2) costs; and 3) constraints, such as power, data rate, or communication, since sensors and networks operate under scarce resources. The paper studies the problem of designing the topology, i.e., assigning the probabilities of reliable communication among sensors (or of link failures) to maximize the rate of convergence of average consensus, when the link communication costs are taken into account, and there is an overall communication budget constraint. We model the network as a Bernoulli random topology and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for mean square sense (mss) and almost sure (a.s.) convergence of average consensus when network links fail. In particular, a necessary and sufficient condition is for the algebraic connectivity of the mean graph topology to be strictly positive. With these results, we show that the topology design with random link failures, link communication costs, and a communication cost constraint is a constrained convex optimization problem that can be efficiently solved for large networks by semidefinite programming techniques. Simulations demonstrate that the optimal design improves significantly the convergence speed of the consensus algorithm and can achieve the performance of a non-random network at a fraction of the communication cost.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation optimization on leading multicore platforms

We present an auto-tuning approach to optimize application performance on emerging multicore architectures. The methodology extends the idea of search-based performance optimizations, popular in linear algebra and FFT libraries, to application-specific computational kernels. Our work applies this strategy to a lattice Boltzmann application (LBMHD) that historically has made poor use of scalar microprocessors due to its complex data structures and memory access patterns. We explore one of the broadest sets of multicore architectures in the HPC literature, including the Intel Clovertown, AMD Opteron X2, Sun Niagara!, STI Cell, as well as the single core Intel Itanium.2. Rather than hand-tuning LBMHD for each system, we develop a code generator that allows us identify a highly optimized version for each platform, while amortizing the human programming effort. Results show that our auto- tuned LBMHD application achieves up to a 14times improvement compared with the original code. Additionally, we present detailed analysis of each optimization, which reveal surprising hardware bottlenecks and software challenges for future multicore systems and applications.
Wal-Mart In The Global Retail Market: Its Growth And Challenges

The Wal-Mart Corporation is one of those companies that have been impacted by change at all levels as they conduct business and expand their operations throughout the globe. Wal-Mart has also greatly benefited from deeply-held universal values, philosophies, and management practices which have made them successful in diverse countries. In a short span of about forty years, this company has become the envy of any and every major corporation in the world. This case presents how Wal-Mart has achieved this enormous success, its best practice in the global retail industry, international growth trends and challenges, and various lessons that have been learned from their expansion in foreign countries. The case focuses on customer value delivery related to low prices, use of technology, and an organizational culture passionate on continuous learning.
Impact of intra-die thermal variation on accurate MOSFET gate-length measurement

It is known that significant intra-die thermal absorption variation is caused by non-optimized rapid thermal anneal (RTA) conditions and the variation depends on the local pattern density of various types of exposed stacks of the wafer. This variation can create errors in the electrical measurement MOSFET gate length itself. Two electrical methods for measuring gate length will be discussed, namely, the resistive technique, where a long-wide poly-silicon resistor is used as a normalizing resistor; and the capacitive technique, where a long-wide plate gate capacitor is used as a normalizing capacitor. It is shown, that the capacitive technique is more immune to errors introduced by RTA driven intra-die thermal absorption variation. Methods of minimizing these measurement errors are briefly discussed.
US Environmental Protection Agency Uses Operations Research to Reduce Contamination Risks in Drinking Water

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the lead federal agency for the security of drinking water in the United States. The agency is responsible for providing information and technical assistance to the more than 50,000 water utilities across the country. The distributed physical layout of drinking-water utilities makes them inherently vulnerable to contamination incidents caused by terrorists. To counter this threat, the EPA is using operations research to design, test, and deploy contamination warning systems (CWSs) that rapidly detect the presence of contaminants in drinking water. We developed a software tool to optimize the design process, published a decision-making process to assist utilities in applying the tool, pilot-tested the tool on nine large water utilities, and provided training and technical assistance to a larger group of utilities. We formed a collaborative team of industry, academia, and government to critique our approach and share CWS deployment experiences. Our work has demonstrated that a CWS is a cost-effective, timely, and capable method of detecting a broad range of contaminants. Widespread application of these new systems will significantly reduce the risks associated with catastrophic contamination incidents: the median estimated fatalities reduction for the nine utilities already studied is 48 percent; the corresponding economic-impact reduction is over $19 billion. Because of this operations research program, online monitoring programs, such as a CWS, are now the accepted technology for reducing contamination risks in drinking water.
Superplastic Forming and Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloys

New and advanced fabrication methods for titanium components are emerging today to replace age-old fabrication processes and reduce component cost. Superplastic forming and diffusion bonding are two such advanced fabrication technologies which when applied individually or in combination can provide significant cost and weight benefits and a rather broad manufacturing technology base. This paper briefly reviews the state of understanding of the science and technology of super plastic forming of titanium alloys, and their diffusion bonding capability. Emphasis has been placed on the metallurgy of superplastic flow in two phase titanium alloys, the microstructural and external factors which influence this behaviour.
The Impact of Obesity on Hypertension Management in African Americans

Blood pressure is strongly related to body weight, and control of obesity is a critical component of hypertension prevention and control. Data from multicenter studies such as the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, the Trials of Antihypertensive Interventions and Management, and the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly help to set aside previous questions about whether the association of obesity with hypertension applies to African Americans. Given the high prevalence of overweight among African Americans, especially women, the issue is not whether weight reduction should be a component of hypertension prevention and treatment but how to design and implement programs that will help overweight African American men and women achieve permanent weight loss. Modest weight losses can not only prevent or reverse blood pressure elevations but also have a favorable impact on obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
Sex in the City Why and How Street Workers Select Their Locations for Business

Despite a well-established literature on the sociology of sex work and sociology of sex and place, currently we know very little about how and why sex workers choose to work on the streets that the...
Trade Secret Misappropriation: A Lawyer's Practical Guide to the Case Law

Electronic surveillance has made it easier than ever to spy on competitors. This is only made worse by employees who leave an employer and feel a sense of loyalty to the new employer, which means the employee is willing to share confidential information. Estimates find that firms appropriate $4 billion worth of confidential information a year. A firm with only had two options for protecting this information: patent law, or reliance on trade secret law. Because of the requirements that must be met in order to obtain a patent, trade secret law is increasingly relied on. This article is an effort to assist counsel’s educational efforts by providing a foundation for making a claim based on trade secret law. It also considers the forms of relief that counsel must examine.
Sexual Daydreams in 40 to 60 Year Old Women: The Influence of Menopause, Sexual Activity, and Health

In a study of daydreaming across the life span, Giambra (1979–80) found that the propensity to daydream about sexual matters was greatest in the 17 to 34 year olds, about 30% lower in the 35 to 49 year olds, about 30% lower in the 50 to 54 year olds, and gradually decreasing thereafter. The large drop in sexual daydreaming propensity at 50 coincided with the time interval in which most women make the transition through the menopausal state. The movement through the menopausal state is accompanied by dramatic changes in the endocrine balance of most women. This endocrine change, along with the presence in varying degrees of various somatic and psychological symptoms, as well as possible changes in social and sexual relationship with the spouse or partner provides many possible causes for the observed decrease in sexual daydreaming. The purpose of this study is to explore the relation of these variables to the large drop in sexual daydreaming in this time interval.
Overview of the glycemic status of more than 19,000 patients undergoing FDG-PET and its potential impact on scan evaluation and clinical trial eligibility

2120 Objectives High circulating glucose may affect qualitative and quantitative FDG biodistribution, and exclude patient (pt) participation in clinical trials that include upper threshold limits of 120 mg/dL or greater. In clinical practice however, timely feedback on glucose level is not always available prior to the time of FDG injection. The purpose of this study was to review the glycemic status of a large oncologic pt population who underwent FDG-PET and assess how often that value fell outside the “normal” or preset threshold limit. Methods 19,362 consecutive pts scheduled for FDG-PET studies were asked to fast for 6 h, arrive 15 (routine pts) or 45 (research pts) min prior to the FDG injection, and had blood drawn for glucose level. The measurement was performed by the laboratory (lab) and recorded in a database. Lab processing times were evaluated in a subset of 496 consecutive pts. Results The mean glucose level was 98 mg/dL (range: 28-522); 18,130 pts (93.6%) were below 120 mg/dL, 1232 pts (6.4%) above 120 mg/dL, 480 pts (2.5%) above 150 mg/dL, and 144 pts (0.7%) above 200 mg/dL. The average glucose lab processing time was 35 min (range: 13-162). Conclusions The majority of our pts (93.6%) had a glucose value below 120 mg/dL. This is encouraging since scheduling, dose decay constraints, and reproducibility of testing often requires FDG injected at a precise time. However, 6.4 % of pts had values above 120 mg/dL. We are, therefore, implementing practice changes to aim at making glucose values available prior to FDG injection particularly for pts enrolled in clinical trials.
The Icicle in the Desert: Perspective and Form in the Works of Two Chinese-American Women Writers

In the closing pages of The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, Maxine Hong Kingston tells the story of Ts'ai Yen, a poetess who lived in the first century A.D. Captured by barbarians at the age of twenty, the Chinese woman lived among them for twelve years, becoming the wife of the barbarian chieftain, bearing his children, and fighting alongside her adopted kinsmen in their battles. One of the unique features of the battle accoutrements of the barbarians were the whistling arrows-arrows whose stems were cut with wedges and holes. Released into the air, these arrows would let out eerie whistles whose notes would cease only as they hit their mark. To the captured Chinese poetess, Ts'ai Yen, these "death sounds" seemed the only music the barbarians were capable of producing. One evening, however, she heard music, and upon leaving her tent, she found the barbarians playing on their flutes. To Ts'ai Yen, it appeared as if these musicians were striving to produce on their instruments a high note beyond the range of possibility. "They reached again and again for a high note, yearning toward a high note which they found at last and held-an icicle in the desert."1
Experimental studies on intracoronary bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation into the ischemic myocardium

AIM To study the engraftment,growth,differentiation and the effect of porcine autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells(BM-MNCs) after being intracoronarily transplanted into acute myocardial infarction(AMI) region. METHODS A 90-minute left anterior descending coronary(LAD) artery occlusion followed by reperfusion was used to produce AMI in swine.(8-10)×10~(7) BM-MNCs labeled with PKH26 previously(transplantation group,n=7) or culture medium of the same volume(control group,n=7) were intracoronarily infused into infarction related artery 1 week after AMI.Six weeks after MI,morphologic,histological and immunohistochemical characteristics and heart function were studied.RESULTS In the specimens of transplantation group,the labeled cells were found in the infracted region.Newborn cardiac cardiomyocytes were found by HE stain,PTH stain and transmission electromicroscope.Immunohistochemical stain showed that the PKH26 positive cells were also factor Ⅷ and Desmin positive.In transplantation group,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure measured 6 weeks after operation increased respectively in comparison with those measured after LAD ligation.Left ventricular +dp/dt_(max) measured 6 weeks after operation increased respectively(P0.05) compared with those in control group.The echocardiographic parameters showed no difference compared with those in control group and the change(between 6 weeks after operation and before operation) of ejection fraction increased respectively(P0.05) compared with those in control group.The number of vessels was higher than that of the control group(P0.01).CONCLUSION Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells after being intracoronarily transplanted into AMI region can engraft,grow and differentiate into cardiomyogenic cells and endothelial cells.Intracoronarily transplantation of BM-MNCs can promote angiogenesis and has clinical potential in improving heart function.
The Social and Psychological Aspects of Family Planning

It is widely recognized that the earth’s population is growing at an unprecedented rate. In 1650 there were 500 million people in the world. By 1850 that number had doubled twice. In 1974 there were approximately 4 billion people. At present rates of population growth, it is estimated that 7 billion people will greet the 21st century.
Infrared spectra and band strengths of CH3SH, an interstellar molecule.

Three solid phases of CH3SH (methanethiol or methyl mercaptan) have been prepared and their mid-infrared spectra recorded at 10–110 K, with an emphasis on the 17–100 K region. Refractive indices have been measured at two temperatures and used to estimate ice densities and infrared band strengths. Vapor pressures for the two crystalline phases of CH3SH at 110 K are estimated. The behavior of amorphous CH3SH on warming is presented and discussed in terms of Ostwald's step rule. Comparisons to CH3OH under similar conditions are made, and some inconsistencies and ambiguities in the CH3SH literature are examined and corrected.
The New Alteplase (tPA) Package Insert: What Is the Potential Impact? (P2.296)

Objective: Define the potential impact on outcomes and health care costs in a newly tPA eligible population. Background: Alteplase (tPA) contraindications for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were originally derived from the 1995 NINDS trial. Recently, a history of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and recent stroke (within 3 months) were removed as contraindications from the drug package insert, potentially increasing the number of patients eligible for tPA. Methods: Consecutive AIS patients (March 2014 - April 2015) who presented to our Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) were retrospectively analyzed. Demographics and tPA exclusions were recorded. The annual number of discharges with primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke in the U.S. was estimated from the National Inpatient Sample (2006 - 2011). A previously reported value of $25,000/patient was utilized to calculate lifetime cost savings in patients receiving tPA. Results: During the study period, 776 AIS were admitted to our CSC (median age 64; 55,74, 51[percnt] men, 62[percnt] white). Seventy-six percent of our patients (n=590) had ≥1 tPA exclusions according to the NINDS trial. Among these patients, 11 excluded had history of ICH, 15 with recent strokes, and 1 both. Following the new package insert, the proportion of patients with ≥1 tPA exclusion fell to 73[percnt] (n=563). Given the 432,000 ischemic stroke discharges annually, a 3[percnt] increase in patients eligible for tPA could translate to treatment of 12,960 more patients annually and lifetime cost savings of $324,000,000. Furthermore, we estimate 1,685 of these newly eligible patients will experience a favorable functional outcome based on the results of the NINDS trial (13[percnt] shift analysis for mRS 0-1). Conclusions: Our results suggest the new tPA package insert has the potential to increase national tPA treatment rates, decrease U.S. health care costs, and improve functional outcomes in eligible AIS patients. National guidelines need updating to reflect these changes. Disclosure: Dr. Shiue has nothing to disclose. Dr. Albright has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sands has received research support from Biogen. Dr. Sisson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lyerly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gropen has nothing to disclose.
Mental Health Practitioners' Knowledge of Colleagues' Problems of Professional Competency

There is a lack of empirical research on how mental health practitioners (MHPs) are affected by professional incompetency of their colleagues. To bridge this gap in the literature, a total of 213 MHPs were surveyed to determine their knowledge of coworkers' problems of professional competency (PPC). Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data. Findings suggest the majority of MHPs are aware of colleagues with PPC and believe these colleagues are disrupting the work environment and adversely affecting client care.
Global Distribution of Magnetic Storm Fields and Relativistic Particles Fluxes

The results of a total magnetic field and ring current (RC) field calculations in the inner magnetosphere (±10 R E ) are presented, using Tsyganenko’s T01 empirical model for disturbed magnetospheric magnetic field. The maps of the spatial distribution of model magnetic fields for an intensive magnetic storm on April 6–7th, 2000 were analysed. Moving the large-scale non-uniform structural boundaries change is picked out in the geomagnetic model field distribution both for the main phase of the magnetic storm and for quiet day. The difference of the contributions of RC and cross-section tail current magnetic fields in the total magnetic field during the main and the recovery phases of the magnetic storm is determined. Different dynamics of the relativistic proton and electron fluxes at a geostationary orbit near the magnetic storms has been shown.
On nucleation in miscible polymer blends

Abstract The effects of diffusion of crystallizable polymer to a developing spherulite embryo are treated. Using the classical nucleation theory result for the size of a critical-size embryo and an existing model for the growth of a small pure component sphere in a bicomponent matrix, the time τ d for a critical-size embryo to develop under diffusion control is given. The nucleation rate is lowered inversely proportionally to τ d . The dependence of τ d on crystallization temperature exhibits a minimum. At temperatures above that minimum, τ d for a blend becomes increasingly larger with temperature than the time to form a nucleus in a pure system with similar diffusivity. Below the minimum, τ d decreases with increasing crystallization temperature. Decreasing the activation energy for diffusion causes the minimum to move to higher temperatures.
Empathic Perspective-Taking and Ethical Decision-Making in Engineering Ethics Education

Ethical decision-making within engineering has not been broadly studied, although there is a growing body of evidence supporting the view that missteps in ethical decision-making result in changes in organizational culture and in disasters which in turn negatively impact a broad number of stakeholders. The ethical decision-making framework we propose in this paper builds on the notion of empathy as central, although not sufficient in of itself, to the ethical decision-making process. We build on work outside of engineering on the role of empathy in ethical reasoning along with an emerging model of empathy within engineering, drawing on literature in the fields of philosophy, social psychology, neuroscience, and engineering education. We first discuss what empathy is and how empathy informs ethical decision-making in general, with a specific focus on the cognitive form of empathy or what we call empathic perspective-taking. Next we explore methods through which engineers might empathically think and act in ethically challenging situations. Finally, we explore a range of engineering contexts and cases that highlight the role empathy plays in coming to an ethically justifiable decision in specific contexts. We conclude with the suggestion that engineering ethics educators need to develop effective tools for developing and assessing empathic perspective-taking to promote ethical decision-making within the practice of engineering.
Developing Clinical Practice Skills for Pharmacists.

Developing clinical practice skills for pharmacists , Developing clinical practice skills for pharmacists , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Abstract 104: Apolipoprotein D: Implications for Multiple Roles in Lipid Metabolism

Introduction- ApoD is a ubiquitously expressed protein that binds small hydrophobic ligands and is a minor component of lipoproteins. Polymorphisms of the human ApoD gene are associated with lipid abnormalities, specifically the reduction of HDL and ApoA1 levels. In fact, hepatic overexpression of ApoD has been shown to regulate the amount of plasma triglycerides. ApoD is also upregulated in human and mouse models of atherosclerosis, and is localized in cell types involved in atherosclerotic lesion formation. These data suggest that ApoD plays a role in lipid metabolism by modulating cellular processes in vascular cells during atherogenesis. In this study, our objective is to identify the role(s) of ApoD in lipid metabolism and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this process. Methods and Results- To accomplish our objective, we used a two-pronged approach. We first studied the effect of ApoD on lipid metabolism on a chow diet. There was no significant difference between the levels of plasma cholesterol in ApoD -/- and wild-type mice on a chow diet; however, hepatic cholesterol levels had more than doubled. A 96-gene PCR array was used to assess differential expression of genes involved in fatty liver biogenesis. There was at least a 2-fold difference in expression in about 10 genes involved in insulin/glucose signaling, lipogenesis, and inflammation in the ApoD -/- mice. We then studied the effect of a Western diet in the ApoD -/- mice, which showed a significant reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol when compared to wild-type mice. Analysis of the HDL fractions after subjecting plasma to a Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography column revealed increased levels of ApoA1 and Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) activity in ApoD -/- mice. Conclusion- A decrease in plasma cholesterol and an increase in ApoA1 and LCAT activity suggest that ApoD may play a role in the catabolism of HDL particles, resulting in lower plasma cholesterol levels in ApoD -/- mice. Our current data implies that ApoD plays a multifunctional role in lipid metabolism and the mechanism by which this occurs must be further examined.
Romantic Coherence. Atmosphere and the Absolute in Tieck's Frühlingsreise

For Ludwig Tieck, romantic poetry is the endeavor of the finite subject to grasp the infinite of nature. This article considers Tieck’s contribution to early romantic aesthetics by reading his poem Fruhlingsreise (1797) against the backdrop of recent reflections on the concepts of atmosphere (Schmitz, Bohme), and the romantic absolute (Lacoue-Labarthe/Nancy, Frank, Beiser, Nassar). The absolute, and its impact on the conceptualization of subject and object, constitutes a centerpiece of romantic thought. In contrast to F. Schlegel and Novalis, Tieck approached the absolute not via intensive studies of contemporary philosophy, but via a ‘poetic path,’ i.e., by exploring poetry’s own potentialities in poetic practice. Both the absolute and atmosphere transcend the clear distinction between subject and object, and this structural parallel allows Tieck to approximate the otherwise unrepresentable absolute in poetry. (JOJ-F)
Moderately eccentric warm Jupiters from secular interactions with exterior companions

Recent studies have proposed that most warm Jupiters (WJs, giant planets with semi-major axes in the range of 0.1-1 AU) probably form in-situ, or arrive in their observed orbits through disk migration. However, both in-situ formation and disk migration, in their simplest flavors, predict WJs to be in low-eccentricity orbits, in contradiction with many observed WJs that are moderately eccentric (e=0.2-0.7). This paper examines the possibility that the WJ eccentricities are raised by secular interactions with exterior giant planet companions, following in-situ formation or migration on a circular orbit. Eccentricity growth may arise from an inclined companion (through Lidov-Kozai cycles), or from an eccentric, nearly coplanar companion (through apsidal precession resonances). We quantify the necessary conditions (in terms of the eccentricity, semi-major axis and inclination) for external perturbers of various masses to raise the WJ eccentricity. We also consider the sample of eccentric WJs with detected outer companions, and for each system, identify the range of mutual inclinations needed to generate the observed eccentricity. For most systems, we find that relatively high inclinations (at least $\sim 40^\circ$) are needed so that Lidov-Kozai cycles are induced; the observed outer companions are typically not sufficiently eccentric to generate the observed WJ eccentricity in a low-inclination configuration. The results of this paper place constraints on possibly unseen external companions to eccentric WJs. Observations that probe mutual inclinations of giant planet systems will help clarify the origin of eccentric WJs and the role of external companions.
An Improved Triple Collocation Analysis Algorithm for Decomposing Autocorrelated and White Soil Moisture Retrieval Errors

If not properly account for, auto-correlated retrieval errors can lead to inaccurate results in soil moisture data analysis and reanalysis. Here, we propose a more generalized form of the triple collocation analysis algorithm (GTC) capable of decomposing the total error variance of remotely-sensed surface soil moisture retrievals into their auto-correlated and the serially-white components. Synthetic tests demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of GTC - even in the presence of significant temporal data gaps. However, the accuracy of GTC error autoregressive parameter estimates is relatively more sensitive to temporal data availability. In addition, land surface model soil moisture predictions collected from phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2) and remotely-sensed surface soil moisture retrievals obtained from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) are applied for a real data demonstration. Despite expectations to the contrary, significant error auto-correlation is found in the remotely-sensed-based ESA CCI soil moisture datasets. In particular, ESA CCI-Act (i.e., the subset of ESA CCI SM retrievals based on active scattomotter data) demonstrates the largest autoregressive parameters over low biomass areas. Conversely, ESA CCI-Pas retrievals (based on passive radiometer data) have larger error autoregressive parameters over high biomass areas. As such, results clarify circumstances in which errors in remotely-sensed surface soil moisture retrievals cannot be considered serially white.