cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
’Idiopathic’ Eosinophilia with an Occult T-Cell Clone: Prevalence, FIP1L1-PDGFRA Status, and Clinical Course.

Abstract Background: Blood eosinophilia results either from autonomous expansion of a myeloid stem/progenitor cell, or as a response to cytokines that promote growth and differentiation of eosinophil progenitors. A subset of patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome/idiopathic eosinophilia (HES/IE) display abnormal T-cell immunophenotype and/or clonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor (TCR), operationally assigned the term “lymphocyte variant” HES/IE. Information on the prevalence, FIP1L1-PDGFRA status, and clinical course of such patients is limited. Methods: Consecutive patients with eosinophilia were identified by querying our institutional electronic database from 1995 to 2004. Clonal rearrangements of the γchain of the TCR were identified by polymerase chain reaction followed by gel electrophoresis in all cases, and confirmed by Southern Blot analysis of the gene coding for the β chain of the TCR, using standard methods. FIP1L1-PDGFRA was screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Results: We studied a total of 205 consecutive patients with eosinophilia defined as an absolute eosinophil count (AEC) of > 600/μL, who also had a bone marrow study performed. Of these, TCR gene rearrangements studies were performed in 99 patients (AEC range of 650 to 38,000/μL) including 3 children and 96 adults (age range 18 to 88 years; 58 males). Among these 99 patients, 14 (~14%) had a demonstrable T-cell clone in peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirate, lymph node, and/or skin. Six of the 14 patients with a demonstrable T-cell clone were found to have a concurrent T-cell malignancy at the time of evaluation including T-cell large granular lymphocytic (T-LGL) leukemia - 1 case and peripheral T-cell lymphoma - 5 cases. The other 8 (~8%) patients otherwise fulfilled the working diagnosis of “lymphocyte variant” HES/IE (median AEC=2045/μL, range 720/μL to 9600/μL). The median duration of eosinophilic prodrome, prior to identification of the occult T-cell clone was 5 years (range 3 months to 11 years), and virtually all had dominant skin involvement presenting as dermatitis (5 cases) or episodic angioedema with eosinophilia (EAE) (2 cases). Five of 7 patients tested had an elevated serum IgE level, and a similar proportion displayed an abnormal T-cell immunophenotype (most commonly, aberrant CD5 and/or CD7 expression). Six of the 8 patients with an occult T-cell clone were evaluated for FIP1L1-PDGFRA and tested negative. Two patients were effectively treated with low-dose oral cyclophosphamide or methotrexate (follow-up duration of 3+ and 6+ years, respectively) whereas imatinib treatment was ineffective in another 2 patients. Two patients (25%) transformed into cutaneous T-cell lymphoma after 3 to 8 years of eosinophilic prodrome. Conclusion: The current study suggests that the presence of a T-cell clone in idiopathic eosinophilia is a marker/harbinger of a primarily skin-based peripheral T-cell lymphoma that responds to T cell-directed therapy but not imatinib therapy, which is consistent with the absence of FIP1L1-PDGFRA in such cases.
Use of a portable device for measuring arm's planar mechanical impedance during motion

This paper proposes the design and use of a portable device for measuring the impedance of human arm during reaching motion. While the device looks and weighs like an ordinary mug, it contains a DC motor, which rotates an eccentric mass, and a 2-axis inertia sensor, which monitors vibration. The centrifugal force due to the rotating eccentric mass applies a perturbing force to the hand; correlation of the acceleration signals with the perturbing force gives the posture dependant mechanical impedance in form of ellipses. The method can configure an impedance ellipse in 0.1 second and can repeat it continuously over the course of reaching; hence for every second of a reaching trial, the device obtains 10 impedance ellipses, which is considerably faster than previous methods. Experimental data collected by the device during reaching motion are also presented.
ML receiver for pulsed UWB signals and partial channel state information

In this work we derive the optimal receiver for pulsed UWB signals and partial channel state information in the form of the average power delay profile of the received pulses. A simple channel model is presented in which the average power delay profile is an explicit feature. The corresponding maximum-likelihood receiver turns out to be a noncoherent receiver which, in contrast to the noncoherent receiver without channel state information, applies an appropriate weighting to the received signal. The performance of this new receiver is evaluated by simulation and for a practical channel estimation procedure. The results show a performance improvement due to partial channel state information of up to 2 dB.
Plasticity and Multiplicity in the Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing

This brief review about the plasticity and mechanisms of oxygen sensing in vertebrates is divided into the following sections. It describes the time-dependent appearance and disappearance of oxygen sensing after birth. The principle of plasticity is that the time dependent phenomena and resetting are related primarily to the availability of oxygen and, therefore, to oxygen related changes in gene expression. The mechanisms do not change with time but their multiplicity can be expressed differentially.
Psychological ethical climate, leader–member exchange and commitment to superior customer value: influencing salespeople’s unethical intent and sales performance

In today’s competitive environment, salespeople are challenged with creating customer value in an ethical manner while meeting performance goals. Sales supervisors play a critical role in ensuring that this challenge is met. This research examines the roles of psychological ethical climate and leader–member exchange (LMX) in encouraging salespeople’s commitment to providing superior customer value, reducing their unethical intentions and improving sales performance. Results indicate that business-to-business salespeople’s psychological ethical climate perceptions influence their perceived relationship with their sales supervisor (i.e. LMX relationship) as well as their commitment to providing superior customer value. LMX also directly influences commitment to providing superior customer value, which in turn affects salespeople’s unethical intent and quota performance. Theoretical and managerial implications based on the study’s findings are provided, as well as directions for future research.
Modeling the Ecological Niche of Bacillus anthracis to Map Anthrax Risk in Kyrgyzstan

Anthrax, caused by the environmental bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is an important zoonosis nearly worldwide. In Central Asia, anthrax represents a major veterinary and public health concern. In the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, ongoing anthrax outbreaks have been reported in humans associated with handling infected livestock and contaminated animal by-products such as meat or hides. The current anthrax situation has prompted calls for improved insights into the epidemiology, ecology, and spatial distribution of the disease in Kyrgyzstan to better inform control and surveillance. Disease control for both humans and livestock relies on annual livestock vaccination ahead of outbreaks. Toward this, we used a historic database of livestock anthrax reported from 1932 to 2006 mapped at high resolution to develop an ecological niche model-based prediction of B. anthracis across Kyrgyzstan and identified spatial clusters of livestock anthrax using a cluster morphology statistic. We also defined the seasonality of outbreaks in livestock. Cattle were the most frequently reported across the time period, with the greatest number of cases in late summer months. Our niche models defined four areas as suitable to support pathogen persistence, the plateaus near Talas and Bishkek, the valleys of western Kyrgyzstan along the Fergana Valley, and the low-lying areas along the shore of Lake Isyk-Kul. These areas should be considered "at risk" for livestock anthrax and subsequent human cases. Areas defined by the niche models can be used to prioritize anthrax surveillance and inform efforts to target livestock vaccination campaigns.
Symbiosis-inspired approaches to antibiotic discovery.

Covering: 2010 up to 2017 Life on Earth is characterized by a remarkable abundance of symbiotic and highly refined relationships among life forms. Defined as any kind of close, long-term association between two organisms, symbioses can be mutualistic, commensalistic or parasitic. Historically speaking, selective pressures have shaped symbioses in which one organism (typically a bacterium or fungus) generates bioactive small molecules that impact the host (and possibly other symbionts); the symbiosis is driven fundamentally by the genetic machineries available to the small molecule producer. The human microbiome is now integral to the most recent chapter in animal–microbe symbiosis studies and plant–microbe symbioses have significantly advanced our understanding of natural products biosynthesis; this also is the case for studies of fungal–microbe symbioses. However, much less is known about microbe–microbe systems involving interspecies interactions. Microbe-derived small molecules (i.e. antibiotics and quorum sensing molecules, etc.) have been shown to regulate transcription in microbes within the same environmental niche, suggesting interspecies interactions whereas, intraspecies interactions, such as those that exploit autoinducing small molecules, also modulate gene expression based on environmental cues. We, and others, contend that symbioses provide almost unlimited opportunities for the discovery of new bioactive compounds whose activities and applications have been evolutionarily optimized. Particularly intriguing is the possibility that environmental effectors can guide laboratory expression of secondary metabolites from “orphan”, or silent, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Notably, many of the studies summarized here result from advances in “omics” technologies and highlight how symbioses have given rise to new anti-bacterial and antifungal natural products now being discovered.
Motherhood, fatherhood and midlife weight gain in a US cohort: Associations differ by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position

Abstract While there is an association of greater short-term weight gain with childbearing among women, less is known about longer-term weight gain, whether men have similar gains, and how this varies by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Our cohort consisted of a nationally representative sample of 7356 Americans with oversampling of Black and Hispanic populations. We estimated the associations between number of biological children and parental weight, measured as both change in self-reported body mass index (BMI) from age 18 and overweight/obese status (BMI ≥ 25) at age 40. We performed multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis and tested for effect modification by gender. For change in BMI, men gained on average 0.28 BMI (95% CI: (0.01, 0.55)) units per child, while women gained 0.13 units per child (95% CI: (-0.22, 0.48)). The adjusted odds ratios for overweight/obesity associated with each child were 1.32 (95% CI: (1.11, 1.58)) for men and 1.15 (95% CI: (1.01, 1.31)) for women. Stratified analyses by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position suggested that the observed full-cohort differences were driven primarily by gendered differences in low-income Hispanics and Whites – with the greatest associations among Hispanic men. For example, among low-income Hispanic men we observed a positive relationship between the number of children and weight change by age 40, with average weight change of 0.47 units per child (95%CI: (-0.65, 1.59 For low-income Hispanic women, however, the average weight change was -0.59 units per child (95%CI: (-1.70, 0.47), and the P-value for the test of interaction between gender and number of children was P
DISPERSAL OF TRICHOSIROCALUS HORRIDUS (PANZER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA

Following the establishment of Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a rosette feeding weevil which was initially released in Southwest Virginia from 1974 to 1977 for the biocontrol of thistle, a study of its dispersal was conducted from 1981 to 1985. Trichosirocalus horridus covered an area of 609 km2 by 1981 and extended its range to 4,345 km2 by 1985. Thirty to 50% of the area was forested and did not support thistles. The remainder of the land consists of small farms with crops, pasture, and small towns, with adequate hosts in most areas. Four thistle species were found infested by T. horridus: Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore (39% of the total plants found), C. discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. (32%), Carduus thoermeri Weinmann (23%), and C. acanthoides L. (6%). Of the thistles examined, 54% of C. thoermeri, 20% of C. acanthoides, 20% of C. vulgare and 6% of C. discolor were infested with T. horridus.
Civil Wars as Challenges to the Modern International System

The current international system is based on Westphalian principles in which authority is defined territorially. Within this territory, the state has sole jurisdiction. Adherence to these principle...
Toward Curing Predatory Lending

Cash-poor lower- and modest-income folks are often credit deprived with limited borrowing or financing options. To compensate, such persons sometimes seek financing or credit from so-called fringe bankers or credit providers like pawnshops, check cashing outlets, rent-to-own merchants and tax refund-anticipation lenders. More recently, especially over the last decade, people have new opportunities to use accumulated home equity to secure loans from corporate mortgage bankers, including some that are affiliates of mainstream true banks or depository institutions. Such sub-prime lending is sometimes abused by lenders that engage in a set of ugly, if elusive, practices that have come to be known and criticized as predatory home mortgage lending. The victims are typically modest-income home owners who may often be under-educated, elderly mortgagors of color. This article is organized in several connected parts. Part I briefly describes the history of second-tier financing including but not limited to sub-prime home mortgage lending. Part II focuses on the contemporary problems with predatory home mortgage loans and relies on certain data and trends. It describes relevant loan content and designs, offensive behaviors of certain predatory lenders, the negative effects on borrowers and various external or spillover consequences. Part III analyzes the causes of predatory home mortgage lending. This Part relies on certain relevant economic reasoning and describes the reluctance of true or depository banks to make subprime home mortgage loans. It further treats the rise of non-bank mortgage lenders that benefit from the information disadvantages of "adversely selected" home mortgage borrowers. Other influences include certain economic trends, income tax changes and borrower psychologies. Part IV describes and analyzes various strategies for correcting predatory home mortgage lending problems. It treats an early group of traditional state protections, a newer generation of federal correctives and the most recent era of state and local strategies. Finally, Part V describes and analyzes the core monopoly problem and reflects on new federal supports for subprime home mortgage lending. This part especially describes the recent involvement of specialized credit unions in making and encouraging private home mortgage loans for the under-served.
Measurement of Hemodynamic Properties in the Abdominal Aorta and Iliac Artery via an Intravenous Catheter-Tip Probe

Comparisons of local blood velocity, flow, vessel wall motion and diameters using standard implanted pulse Doppler ultrasonic flow cuffs and an intravenous catheter-tip probe were made on the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries of 5 Beagle dogs.
Behavior of Webs under Eccentric Compressive Edge Loads

Webs of rolled and built-up beams can be subjected to local in-plane and eccentric compressive edge loads. For practical and/or economic reasons, transverse stiffeners are to be avoided or minimized. Most of the research to-date has addressed the web behavior under in-plane loads, and has been of experimental nature. This paper reports the experimental and analytical work done at the University of Maine to study the effect of parameters like tf/tw, c/d, b/d, e/bf, bf/tf on web behavior under eccentric edge loads. Practically, there is no reduction in the ultimate capacity of the web due to eccentricity, when the load is applied through a thick patch plate placed eccentrically with respect to the plane of the web. However, reductions are observed when the load is applied through a cylindrical bar, and these depend mainly on the ratios tf/tw and e/bf.
A New Point-of-Interest Classification Model with an Extreme Learning Machine

With the increasing popularity of location-based social networks (LBSNs), an increasing number of people are sharing their locations with friends through check-in activities. Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation, in which new places are suggested to users, is one of the most important tasks in LBSNs. However, after recommendation, it is also of interest to consider whether a user will frequently visit a recommended POI, which may have significant implications regarding the user’s daily mobility behavior or personal preferences. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new POI classification problem in which the POIs recommended to a user are divided into four classes according to the user’s predicted future check-in frequency: daily check-in POIs, weekly check-in POIs, monthly check-in POIs, and yearly check-in POIs. To solve this POI classification problem, we also propose a new POI classification model called POIC-ELM. In the POIC-ELM model, we first extract nine features related to three factors: each POI itself, the user’s personality, and the user’s social relationships. Then, we use these features to train a POI classifier based on an extreme learning machine (ELM), which is one of the most popular types of classifiers among state-of-the-art classification techniques. A series of experiments show that the effectiveness and efficiency of POIC-ELM are superior to those of other methods. The POIC-ELM model is a valid method for solving the POI classification problem.
Assessing the Needs of a Blind Client Population.

A needs assessment was conducted to measure perceived unmet needs of the blind population of Massachusetts. Some 1,050 client interviews were conducted, using a sample stratified by age and region....
The media whiteness of Social Security and Medicare

The mass media often represent black Americans in negative, stereotypical, and inaccurate ways. Scholars know much less about how the media characterize white citizens and the implications of these...
A Review Of The Mutual Influence Analysis Of AC/DC Hybrid Power Grid

With the continuously development of the HVDC transmission technology, a great number of large scale HVDC transmission projects have been completed or under construction, along with more issues come to the surface. Faults or disturbances would act on the AC/DC hybrid power grids, especially for the multi-feedback DC power grid. In this paper, the mutual influence between AC and DC grids is studied and analyzed in depth according to the actual cases. It has two aspects which conclude the impact of DC system faults on AC systems and AC system faults on DC systems separately. Theoretical analysis and research are made and specific optimization measures are proposed for how to reduce the interaction between AC and DC transmission projects after faults or disturbance in AC-DC hybrid systems.
Abstract TP116: Immuno-Modulatory Micro RNAs and Adipokine Lipocalin-2 in Aged and Post-Stroke Rat Brains

Aging and dysregulated immuno-regulatory molecules amplify the stroke incidence, and poor post-stroke outcome. Adipokine imbalance is linked to inflammation and cerebro-vascular diseases, emphasizi...
Spawning behavior and biparental egg care of the crosshatch triggerfish, Xanthichthys mento (Balistidae)

Reproductive ecology of the crosshatch triggerfish, Xanthichthys mento (Balistidae) was studied at Hachijojima, Izu Islands, Japan. Males established territories and repeatedly chased females passing nearby. There were 1–3 females in each male's territory before spawning and during egg care. This species spawned in pairs on the sandy bottom. Eggs were scattered and attached to sand particles. Females care for the eggs by blowing water on them and guarding them against intruders, while males helped in guarding. Thus, biparental egg care was observed for 2 days until hatching. Both the males and females disappeared from the territories after the egg care. The reproductive ecology of this species is compared with that of other balistids and the unique features of X. mento are described.
Phonetics: A Practical Introduction

Speech is the most effective medium humans use to exchange and transmit knowledge, ideas and experiences. It exists physiologically as neural and muscular activity, and subsequent articulatory, acoustic and auditory events, and as an abstract, rule-governed system at the psychological level. Together, both levels produce communication by speech. To appreciate speech and its communicative function, all of its characteristics must be understood. This book offers the most comprehensive and accessible coverage of the three areas of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory or speech perception. Students without a linguistics background can be daunted by phonetics, so clear language is used to define linguistics and phonetics concepts with examples and illustrations to ensure understanding. Furthermore, each chapter concludes with comprehension exercises to reinforce understanding. Online exercises and recordings of speech stimuli from various languages provide additional opportunity to hone perception, production, phonetic transcription skills and acoustic analysis measurement practice.
A Systematic Review of CheeZheng Pain Relieving Plaster for Musculoskeletal Pain: Implications for Oncology Research and Practice:

Background:Musculoskeletal pain is a common and debilitating condition for cancer patients. Existing therapies for these pain conditions have substantial limitations. To identify an integrative app...
The Social Meaning of Food Consumption Behaviors in Rural Brazil: Agreement and Intracultural Variation:

Food insecurity (FI) is often assessed through experienced-based measures, which address the number and extent of coping strategies people employ. Coping indices are limited because, methodological...
Assessment of Diagnosis and Triage in Validated Case Vignettes Among Nonphysicians Before and After Internet Search.

Importance When confronted with new medical symptoms, many people turn to the internet to understand why they are ill as well as whether and where they should get care. Such searches may be harmful because they may facilitate misdiagnosis and inappropriate triage. Objective To empirically measure the association of an internet search for health information with diagnosis, triage, and anxiety by laypeople. Design, setting, and participants This survey study used a nationally representative sample of US adults who were recruited through an online platform between April 1, 2019, and April 15, 2019. A total of 48 validated case vignettes of both common (eg, viral illness) and severe (eg, heart attack) conditions were used. Participants were asked to relay their diagnosis, triage, and anxiety regarding 1 of these cases before and after searching the internet for health information. Exposures Short, validated case vignettes written at or below the sixth-grade reading level randomly assigned to participants. Main outcomes and measures Correct diagnosis, correct triage, and flipping (changing) or anchoring (not changing) diagnosis and triage decisions were the main outcomes. Multivariable modeling was performed to identify patient factors associated with correct triage and diagnosis. Results Of the 5000 participants, 2549 were female (51.0%), 3819 were White (76.4%), and the mean (SD) age was 45.0 (16.9) years. Mean internet search time was 12.1 (95% CI, 10.7-13.5) minutes per case. No difference in triage accuracy was found before and after search (74.5% vs 74.1%; difference, -0.4 [95% CI, -1.4 to 0.6]; P = .06), but improved diagnostic accuracy was found (49.8% vs 54.0%; difference, 4.2% [95% CI, 3.1%-5.3%]; P Conclusions and relevance This study found that an internet search for health information was associated with small increases in diagnostic accuracy but not with triage accuracy.
A Knowledge Approach for the Library Sciences

Like chemistry's table of elements, the knowledge spectrum organizes a large amount of information about knowledge, dividing intelligent behavior into its essential cognitive elements. This paper describes a way to catalog, measure, and analyze organization knowledge requirements and knowledge resources through inheritance of knowledge spectrum properties. Business process knowledge requirements trees and employee knowledge profiles would be created to permit knowledge requirements fulfillment analyses.
The Constitutional Chamber and the Erosion of Democracy in Venezuela

This article analyses the role played by the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice in the dismantling of democracy in Venezuela. The decisions of the Chamber are examined from the standpoint of their impact on the fundamental dimensions of constitutional democracy. For this purpose, the political-institutional context in which the Constitutional Chamber has acted is explained, and the successive packings to which it has been subjected since its installation are highlighted. Its performance is placed in a comparative perspective with respect to other constitutional courts or chambers that have participated in the erosion of democracy and the Rule of Law. All this reveals the key support that the Constitutional Chamber has provided to enhance the governmental power and diminish the political pluralism, at the expense of the counterbalances and institutional controls as well as the fundamental rights. Unlike the views that warn about the authoritarian advance of this Chamber in recent years, after a supposed initial phase of relative independence, this article intends to recognise lines of continuity in the jurisprudence that this Chamber has established since its creation regarding the undermining of constitutional democracy. After confirming the continuity of the authoritarian role of this Chamber, which has shown various facets as the circumstances have demanded, the article also focuses on the conceptual and procedural foundations on which the Constitutional Chamber based itself to fulfil that function. The work concludes reflecting on the task that a new Constitutional Chamber could carry out in a possible scenario of political transition in Venezuela.
A neoliberal transformation or the revival of ancient healing? A critical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine discourse on Chinese television

Neoliberalism has profoundly shaped health discourse and promotion in Western countries, and scholars have also begun applying the hegemonic global ideology and framework of governance to study the...
Community Schools: A Comprehensive and Human-Centric Approach to School Reform

Prior to 2017, the United States (U.S.) was experiencing an influx of first and second-generation immigrant and refugee children. It was estimated that 1 in 4 youth under the age of 18 were living with an immigrant or refugee parent, and approximately 60,000 child refugees entered public schools in 2017. These individuals come from diverse racial/ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and their migration and resettlement experiences differ. Pre-resettlement histories can have consequential impact on students’ academic careers, and characteristics of the receiving school and community directly influence how students, namely, adolescents, succeed in their transition to schooling and adulthood. Lancaster City provides an ideal context for examining refugee schooling in the United States through their community middle school.
Children's Enjoyment, Perceived Competency, and Vigorous Physical Activity during High-Intensity Interval Training in Physical Education

Purpose Little is known about children's experience with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) during elementary school. Perceptions of enjoyment, perceived competence, and motivation are likely to drive long-term adherence and are, therefore, critical to understanding how HIIT might be implemented in this setting. The purpose of this study was to describe children's vigorous physical activity (VPA), enjoyment, and perceived competency of HIIT activities within a Self-Determination Theory framework (autonomy) in elementary school physical education (PE) classes. Methods Participants were 402 children from a single, diverse elementary school (49.4% female, 59.6% Non-Hispanic white). Student enjoyment and perceived competency were collected following teacher- (non-autonomous) and student-led (autonomous) conditions. A sub-set of 201 children wore accelerometers to measure percent of time in VPA during HIIT conditions. This mixed factorial design was assessed through a series of repeated measures ANOVAs. Results While children reported generally positive enjoyment and perceived competence in both conditions (rating over 4.0 on a 5-point scale), children significantly enjoyed (d = 0.44) and felt more competent (d = 0.11) during the autonomous HIIT condition compared to the nonautonomous HIIT condition. In contrast, the percent of time in VPA (d = 0.94) was significantly lower in the autonomous condition. Conclusions These data illustrate a challenging trade-off with the design of HIIT trials. Increasing autonomy through the inclusion of student choice increased enjoyment and perceived competence of HIIT, which are likely to improve adherence, but lowered VPA, which is likely to reduce cardiometabolic impact. Abbreviations U.S.: United States; PA: Physical activity; MVPA; Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PE: Physical education; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Randomized control trial, RCT; SDT: Self-Determination Theory; HIIT: High-intensity interval training; RCT: Randomized control trial; VPA: Vigorous physical activity; IRB; Institutional Review Board; HFZ: Healthy Fitness Zone; PACES: Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale; M: Mean; SD: Standard deviation.
SAFE FROM “HARM”: THE GOVERNANCE OF VIOLENCE BY PLATFORMS

Platforms have long been under fire for how they create and enforce policies around hate speech, harmful content, and violence. In this study, we examine how three major platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) conceptualize and implement policies around how they moderate “harm,” “violence,” and “danger” on their platforms. Through a feminist discourse analysis of public facing policy documents from official blogs and help pages, we found that platforms are often narrowly defining harm and violence in ways that perpetuate ideological hegemony around what violence is, how it manifests, and who it affects. Through this governance, they continue to control normative notions of harm and violence, denying their culpability, and effectively manage perceptions of their actions and directing users’ understanding of what is “harmful” versus what is not. Rather than changing the mechanisms of their design that enable harm, the platforms reconfigure intentionality and causality to try to stop users from being “harmful,” which, ironically, perpetuates harm.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo [a]anthrancene, benzo[b] fluoranthene, benzo[k] fluoranthene, benzo[ghi] perylene, benzo[a] pyrene, chrysene, dibenzo-[a,h]anthracene, fluorene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are the compounds included in this category.
Inhibition of Sepiapterin Mediated Formation of Dihydrobiopterin and Chemical Redox Cycling by Sulfa Drugs

Sepiapterin reductase (SPR) catalyzes the reduction of sepiapterin to dihydrobiopterin (BH2), a precursor for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor critical for nitric oxide biosynthesis and alkylglycerol and aromatic amino acid metabolism. SPR also mediates chemical redox cycling, catalyzing one electron reduction of redox active chemicals including quinones; rapid reaction of these radicals with molecular oxygen generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using recombinant human SPR, sulfonamide and sulfonylurea based sulfa drugs were found to be potent non-competitive inibitors of both sepiapterin reduction and redox cycling. The most active inhibitors of sepiapterin reduction (IC50's = 31-180 nM) were sulfasalazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamethoxazole and chlorpropamide. Higher concentrations of the sulfa drugs (IC50's = 0.37-19.4 µM) were required to inhibit redox cycling. In PC12 cells, which generate catecholamine and monoamine neurotransmitters via BH4-dependent amino acid hydroxylases, su...
Barack Obama, the New Politics of Race, and Classed Constructions of Racial Blackness

Based upon an analysis of the print and online media, this article examines the discourse of the “new politics of race” between 2007 and 2014. Part of the politics of postracialism, the new race politics first emerged as a set of guidelines for candidate Barack Obama, concerning how he should and should not handle racial matters if he hoped to win the presidency. In a larger sense, however, the new race politics is a class-specific discourse of racial color blindness, one which positions the black upper middle class as a 21st-century model minority, racialized in contradistinction to the black poor.
Co-purification and Direct Interaction of Ras with Caveolin, an Integral Membrane Protein of Caveolae Microdomains DETERGENT-FREE PURIFICATION OF CAVEOLAE MEMBRANES

Caveolae are plasma membrane specializations that have been implicated in signal transduction. Caveolin, a 21-24-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal structural component of caveolae membranes in vivo. G protein α subunits are concentrated in purified preparations of caveolae membranes, and caveolin interacts directly with multiple G protein α subunits, including Gs, Go, and Gi2. Mutational or pharmacologic activation of Gα subunits prevents the interaction of caveolin with G proteins, indicating that inactive Gα subunits preferentially interact with caveolin. Here, we show that caveolin interacts with another well characterized signal transducer, Ras. Using a detergent-free procedure for purification of caveolin-rich membrane domains and a polyhistidine tagged form of caveolin, we find that Ras and other classes of lipid-modified signaling molecules co-fractionate and co-elute with caveolin. The association of Ras with caveolin was further evaluated using two distinct in vitro binding assays. Wild-type H-Ras interacted with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-caveolin fusion proteins but not with GST alone. Using a battery of GST fusion proteins encoding distinct regions of caveolin, Ras binding activity was localized to a 41amino acid membrane proximal region of the cytosolic N-terminal domain of caveolin. In addition, reconstituted caveolin-rich membranes (prepared with purified recombinant caveolin and purified lipids) interacted with a soluble form of wild-type H-Ras but failed to interact with mutationally activated soluble H-Ras (G12V). Thus, a single amino acid change (G12V) that constitutively activates Ras prevents or destabilizes this interaction. These results clearly indicate that (i) caveolin is sufficient to recruit soluble Ras onto lipid membranes and (ii) membrane-bound caveolin preferentially interacts with inactive Ras proteins. In direct support of these in vitro studies, we also show that recombinant overexpression of caveolin in intact cells is sufficient to functionally recruit a nonfarnesylated mutant of Ras (C186S) onto membranes, overcoming the normal requirement for lipid modification of Ras. Taken together, these observations suggest that caveolin may function as a scaffolding protein to localize or sequester certain caveolin-interacting proteins, such as wild-type Ras, within caveolin-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane.
Aerodynamic design data for a cruise-matched high performance single-engine airplane

Design data are presented for a class of high-performance single-engine business airplanes. The design objectives include a cruise speed of 300 knots, a cruise altitude of 10,700 m (35,000 ft), a cruise payload of six passengers (including crew and baggage), and a no-reserves cruise range of 1300 n.mi. Two unconventional aerodynamic technologies were evaluated: the individual and combined effects of cruise-matched wing loading and of a natural laminar flow airfoil were analyzed. The trade-off data presented illustrate the ranges of wing geometries, propulsion requirements, airplane weights, and aerodynamic characteristics which are necessary to meet the design objectives. Very large design and performance improvements resulted from use of the aerodynamic technologies evaluated. It is shown that the potential exists for achieving more than 200-percent greater fuel efficiency than is achieved by current airplanes capable of similar cruise speeds, payloads, and ranges.
Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae

Although plants transformed with genetic material from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt ) are generally thought to have negligible impact on non-target organisms1, Bt corn plants might represent a risk because most hybrids express the Bt toxin in pollen2, and corn pollen is dispersed over at least 60 metres by wind3. Corn pollen is deposited on other plants near corn fields and can be ingested by the non-target organisms that consume these plants. In a laboratory assay we found that larvae of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, reared on milkweed leaves dusted with pollen from Bt corn, ate less, grew more slowly and suffered higher mortality than larvae reared on leaves dusted with untransformed corn pollen or on leaves without pollen.
Tunable SIW bandpass filters with PIN diodes

This paper introduces a novel tunable SIW filter implemented using PIN diode switching elements. The two-pole filter provides six states ranging from 1.55 GHz to 2.0 GHz (25% tuning). Fractional bandwidth ranges from 2.3% – 3.0% with insertion loss less than 5.4 dB and return loss greater than 14 dB over the entire tuning range. Each SIW cavity is tuned by perturbing via posts connecting or disconnecting to/from the cavity's top metal layer. In order to separate the biasing network from the SIW filter, a three-layer PCB is fabricated using Rogers RT/duroid substrates.
XPS, UPS and thermal desorption studies of alcohol adsorption on Cu(110): II. Higher alcohols

Abstract Preceding work dealing with the adsorption of methanol on Cu(110) has been extended to include ethanol, n- and iso-propanol and a diol, ethylene glycol. In common with the simplest alcohol, all these molecules are able to form a stable alkoxy species on the surface, that is, the alcohol dissociated at the O-H group. However, in contrast to methanol on the clean surface for which the dissociated methoxy and hydrogen recombined to desorb as methanol, all the higher alcohols reacted further with the surface, dehydrogenating to yield the corresponding aldehyde or ketone in the gas phase. Ethylene glycol reacted to form the most strongly bound intermediate of all, decomposing near 390 K to produce the dialdehyde, glyoxal, with little evidence of monoaldehyde formation or C-C bond breakage. The influence of pre-adsorbed oxygen on these reactions was to generally increase the amount of alkoxy formed on the surface by enhancing the amount of dissociative adsorption (water is formed by the deprotonation of adsorbed alcohol molecules by oxygen atoms). The alkoxide decomposition peaks were shifted to slightly higher temperatures and considerably broadened in such experiments. The decomposition peak temperatures of the different surface alkoxides correlate fairly well with literature values of the αC-H bond strength, which is weaker in iso-propanol than in methanol. XPS showed broad O(1s) spectra for all the molecules adsorbed at 140 K, probably due to hydrogen-bonding effects in the adlayer, with peak emissions at around 533 eV. When the surface was warmed to 250 K, the O(1s) spectra narrowed to close to instrumental linewidths with a concomitant shift to a lower binding energy near 531 eV. C(1s) spectra showed little change between the adsorbed alcohol and alkoxy species. The UPS showed low temperature spectra similar to the gas phase, but the highest occupied orbitals, which are essentially O(2p) orbitals, showed a chemisorption bonding shift of several tenths of an electron volt. UPS for these molecules is shown to have considerable less utility than for the simplest molecule, methanol, due to the masking of possible orbital shifts during chemical changes on the surface by the presence of overlapping emissions in the spectra.
Relativistically driven micro-plasma X-ray source

Summary from only given. We have reported on a microplasma X-ray source driven by a relativistically strong laser. This source has the potential to provide X-rays for high-resolution medical imaging and a short source for time-resolved X-ray studies.
Distinct Inflammatory Signals Have Physiologically Divergent Effects on Epigenetic Regulation of Foxp3 Expression and Treg Function

Foxp3 expression in regulatory T cells (Treg) is required for their development and suppressive function. How different inflammatory signals affect Foxp3 chromatin structure, expression and Tregs plasticity are not completely known. In the present study, the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand peptidoglycan inhibited Foxp3 expression in both natural Treg (nTreg) and TGFβ-driven adaptive Treg (aTreg). Inhibition was independent of paracrine Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines. PGN-induced T cell-intrinsic TLR2-Myd88-dependent IFR1 expression and induced IRF1 bound to IRF1 response elements (IRF-E) in the Foxp3 promoter and intronic enhancers, and negatively regulated Foxp3 expression. Inflammatory IL-6 and TLR2 signals induced divergent chromatin changes at the Foxp3 locus and regulated Treg suppressor function, and in an islet transplant model resulted in differences in their ability to prolong graft survival. These findings are important for understanding how different inflammatory signals can affect the transplantation tolerance and immunity.
The potentially antiaromatic (4n-π) α-heteronaphthalenyl anions

Abstract Representative members of the title family of compounds were generated in liquid ammonia, and the “thia” analog 2c was sufficiently stable as to be directly examined by NMR.
Adaptive String Similarity Metrics for Biomedical Reference Resolution

In this paper we present the evaluation of a set of string similarity metrics used to resolve the mapping from strings to concepts in the UMLS MetaThesaurus. String similarity is conceived as a single component in a full Reference Resolution System that would resolve such a mapping. Given this qualification, we obtain positive results achieving 73.6 F-measure (76.1 precision and 71.4 recall) for the task of assigning the correct UMLS concept to a given string. Our results demonstrate that adaptive string similarity methods based on Conditional Random Fields outperform standard metrics in this domain.
Strategies for Risk-Adapted Therapy in Myeloma

It is clear that the clinical heterogeneity of multiple myeloma (MM) is dictated, in large part, by disease biology, predominantly genetics.(1) As novel therapeutics have emerged, and augmented our treatment armamentarium against the disease, it is increasingly important to introduce a risk-adapted approach for the optimal management of patients.(2) The selection of ideal candidates for high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support (HDT) and maintenance will undoubtedly have to include baseline knowledge of the genetic nature of the individual. The limited duration of responses after HDT for patients with t(4;14)(p16;q32), t(14;16)(q32;q23) and 17p13 deletions highlight the need to develop a risk-adapted treatment strategy.(3)(-)(5) Novel ways of determining outcome such as the use of gene expression profiling have demonstrated differentiating capabilities not previously observed.(6) Likewise, the order of introduction of novel therapeutic agents (during induction and in the relapsing patient) will be potentially directed by similar information. As we have previously stated, MM is not only multiple but also "many."(7) Accordingly, treatment strategies will be tailored based on risk determination, genetic composition and host features.
Current Concepts on the Management of Shock

In the handling of a patient with shock it is essential to identify the underlying cause in order to plan rational treatment. On the basis of information presently available, the specific causes of shock have been classified into 6 groups: hypovolemia, cardiac failure, bacteremia, hypersensitivity, neurogenic factors, and obstruction to blood flow. Treatment was discussed with reference to these groups. Vasopressor agents are helpful in most instances of shock related to cardiac failure, bacteremia, and hypersensitivity. They usually are contraindicated in shock due to vascular obstruction and in hypovolemic shock until optimal replacement of fluid has been achieved. Recent studies have indicated that metaraminol may be the pressor amine of choice because it is therapeutically effective, simple to administer, without risk of injury to skin and subcutaneous tissues, and available for injection without additional fluid (thus especially suitable for patients with renal failure). Rigorous attention to the flu...
On the time variability of Circinus X-1 - A comparison with Cygnus X-1

The time variability and spectral characteristics obtained from Uhuru observations of Cir X-1 (4U 1515-56) are compared with observations of Cyg X-1 (4U 1956+35). It is found that Cir X-1 has a more variable spectrum (with perhaps a state over the 4 days spanned by the data), is less 'noisy', and has correlated fluctuations (as evidenced by the nonzero cross-correlation function between two energy bands) of shorter duration than those present in the shot noise of Cyg X-1.
The Effects of Friendship Network Popularity on Depressive Symptoms During Early Adolescence: Moderation by Fear of Negative Evaluation and Gender

We integrated a social network analysis and developmental perspectives to examine the effects of friendship network popularity on depressive symptoms during early adolescence. We explored whether the association between social status processes (i.e., friendship network popularity) and depressive symptoms was moderated by socio-cognitive aspects of peer relations (i.e., a fear of negative evaluation by peers) and gender. This longitudinal study was conducted with a sample of 367 adolescents (48.5 % female; M age = 11.9 years; 9 % European American, 19 % African American, 7 % Native American, 60 % Latino(a), 5 % other) attending sixth and seventh grades at Time 1. Results indicated that, for males with high levels of fear of negative evaluation, friendship network popularity was associated negatively with increases in depressive symptoms. Conversely, for females with high levels of fear of negative evaluation, friendship network popularity was associated positively with increases in depressive symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.