cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Picosecond Damage Studies At 0.5 And 1 µm

The laser-induced damage (LID) thresholds of fused silica and single crystal NaCI were studied at wavelengths of 0.5 and 1µm for pulses as short as 4 ps for a variety of focal spot sizes. The problem of sample-to-sample variation was minimized by performing parametric studies on a single sample at a time. Beam distortion measurements and polarization dependence studies of the LID thresholds demonstrate that the contribution of self-focusing to the LID measurements in this work was negligible. The damage threshold field EB was found to increase as the pulsewidth was decreased in both materials at both wavelengths. The strongest pulsewidth dependence observed was approximately an inverse square root proportionality observed in NaCI at 1 µm for pulses shorter than 10 ps. For conditions of equal pulsewidth and the same focal spot size, EB was less at 0.5 um than at 1 um for both materials.
Lean Strategies in the Operating Room

Lean strategies can be readily applied to health care in general and operating rooms specifically. The emphasis is on the patient as the customer, respect and engagement of all providers, and leadership from management. The strategy of lean is to use continuous improvement to eliminate waste from the care process, leaving only value-added activities. This iterative process progressively adds the steps of identifying the 7 common forms of waste (transportation, inventory, motion, waiting, overproduction, overprocessing, and defects), 5S (sort, simplify, sweep, standardize, sustain), visual controls, just-in-time processing, level-loaded work, and built-in quality to achieve the highest quality of patient care.
Abstract 4380: IACS-10759: A novel OXPHOS inhibitor which selectively kill tumors with metabolic vulnerabilities

Tumor cells normally depend on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to provide the energy and macromolecule building blocks needed to enable continued tumor cell growth. Genetic or epigenetic inactivation of one of these two redundant pathways represents a metabolic vulnerability that should be susceptible to an inhibitor of the other pathway. Through an extensive medicinal chemistry campaign, IACS-10759 was identified as a potent inhibitor of complex I of oxidative phosphorylation. In isolated mitochondria or permeabilized cells, ATP production or oxygen consumption was inhibited at single digit nM concentrations in the presence of malate/glutamate, but not succinate. More directly, IACS-10759 inhibited the conversion of NADH to NAD+ in an immunoprecipitated complex I assay at low nM concentrations. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, the specific complex I subunit inhibited by IACS-10759 has been identified and the mechanism of complex I inhibition is being investigated. Importantly, IACS-10759 is orally bioavailable with excellent physicochemical properties in preclinical species and achieved significant in vivo efficacy with daily oral dosing of 10-25 mg/kg. Specifically, there was a >50 day extension of median survival in an orthotopic AML cell line xenograft and robust regression in DLBCL and GBM xenograft models. In light of these results, as well as its drug like profile IACS-10759 has entered IND enabling studies with first-in-human studies targeted for third quarter of 2015. Citation Format: Marina Protopopova, Madhavi Bandi, Jennifer Bardenhagen, Christopher Bristow, Christopher Carroll, Edward Chang, Ningping Feng, Jason Gay, Mary Geck Do, Jennifer Greer, Marina Konopleva, Polina Matre, Zhijun Kang, Gang Liu, Florian Muller, Timothy Lofton, Timothy McAfoos, Yuting Sun, Melinda Smith, Jay Theroff, Yuanqiang Wu, Lynda Chin, Giulio Draetta, Philip Jones, Carlo Toniatti, M. Emilia Di Francesco, Joseph R. Marszalek. IACS-10759: A novel OXPHOS inhibitor which selectively kill tumors with metabolic vulnerabilities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4380. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4380
Growth hormone accelerates tubular acid secretion

The effect of growth hormone on tubular H+ secretion by the hypophysectomized and intact rat was studied in the isolated functioning kidney. Net acid secretion was estimated as the sum of HCO3- absorption plus NH+4 excretion. Kidneys from either intact or hypophysectomized rats were isolated and perfused over a 90-min time course during which either recombinant human growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), porcine insulin, or vehicle was added; hormone response was then compared with the time controls. Compared with kidneys from intact rats, hypophysectomized rat kidneys exhibited a marked acidification defect, net H+ secretion, 13,530 +/- 600 vs. 17,860 +/- 810 (SE) nmol/ml of glomerular filtrate (GF). Administering GH (50 nM) increased net H+ secretion within 15 min in both hypophysectomized and intact groups to a maximum of 17,950 +/- 910 and 20,960 +/- 1,100 nmol/ml GF, respectively; neither insulin nor IGF-1 (50 nM) was able to mimic GH's effect. Addition of 1 mM amiloride completely abolished the GH-accelerated acid secretion and greater than 70% of the basal net acid secretion rate. Furthermore, GH-enhanced volume absorption was also abolished by amiloride, although neither NaCl nor glutamine absorption was affected. GH-accelerated acid secretion and coupled volume absorption could be observed at concentrations as low as 3.5 nM with half-maximal effect at 12 nM, which is within the range of GH concentration achieved during episodic GH surges. Finally administering GH in vivo to hypophysectomized rats enhanced net acid secretion and urinary acidification, consistent with accelerated tubular H+ secretion as one physiological expression of GH action.
Is measurement of TT3 by immunoassay reliable at low concentrations? A comparison of the Roche Cobas 6000 vs. LC–MSMS

Abstract Objectives Thyroid dysfunction is a common medical condition affecting an estimated 30 million people in the US alone. Employing gold standard Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MSMS) methods we have examined the extent of inaccuracy of immunoassay (IA) measurement for total T3 (TT3) at low, normal and high concentrations. Design and Methods 268 TT3 Roche Cobas 6000 immunoassay TT3 values (covering the low, normal, and high ranges) were compared with LC–MSMS results. Results At TT3 concentrations between 50 and 113 ng/dL (conversion factor for TT3 to SI Units is ng/dL × 0.0154 = nmol/L), n = 122, LC–MSMS values were lower than immunoassay with 72% found to be below the 2.5th percentile by LC–MSMS compared to 27% for immunoassay. Strikingly 45% of the patients classified as normal TT3 by immunoassay were defined as lower than the 2.5th percentile by LC–MSMS. Only 38 of the 122 patients with low T3's were not receiving T4. In this latter group all of whom had TSH's > 3.7 mIU/L, 74% of results by LC–MSMS were below the 2.5th percentile while only 21% were below the 2.5th percentile by IA. The clinical consequences of these inaccuracies may affect whether dosing with T4 or combination of T4 with T3 is selected for treatment. Finally the correlation of TT3 with TSH was far superior when TT3 was measured by LC–MSMS. A typical case which demonstrates our message is included. Conclusion T3 being the active hormone needs to be reliably measured and if the patient has low TT3 and hypothyroid symptoms persist; treatment with T3 should be considered. A typical case report is included to illustrate the problems of inaccurate immunoassay results for TT3. Measurement of TT3 by immunoassay at low concentrations is less than optimal and often provides the clinician with a normal result when the LC–MSMS method and the patient's clinical condition suggests that supplementation with T3 (as in combination therapy) may be required to optimize patient care.
Comment on “Surface Plasmons and Nonlocality: A Simple Model”

A Comment on the Letter by Y. Luo, A. I. Fernandez-Dominguez, A. Wiener, S. A. Maier, and J. B. Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 093901 (2013).. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
The Changing Social Construction of Age and the Life Course: Precarious Identity and Enactment of “Early” and “Encore” Stages of Adulthood

This chapter examines trends in the social construction of age, noting increasing differentiation historically in early life, which now extends across the life span. Such differentiation is accentuated by the pace of social change, disruptive to existing, seemingly “natural” norms and expectations about age and life course stages. The unraveling of age-graded expectations invariably generates ambiguities in age-linked identities and behavior. Growing recognition of “early adulthood” and “encore adulthood” results from the mismatch between outdated expectations and new economic and demographic realities, as well as shifts in the goals, values and preferences of individuals. Changing structural contexts and individual orientations produce striking cross-cohort variations in the experiences of individuals of the same age in different time periods, and in the linked lives of those attached to them. Finally, we point to increasing diversity within age categories and cohorts that is accompanied by cumulative inequalities across all phases of life.
Proteolytic Enzymes in the House Fly, Musca Domestica (L.)

Most workers have considered pepsin to be absent from insects (Chauvin, 1949; Wigglesworth, 1953) and indeed from all invertebrates (Florkin, 1949; Prosser, et al, 1950). Day and Waterhouse make no mention of this enzyme's occurrence in their review of insect digestion (1952). Published observations of peptic activity in insects do exist but are preliminary in scope and generally inconclusive (Pavlovsky, et al, 1922; Brown, 1928; Mackerras, et al, 1933; Torhita, et al., 1936). Some make no reference to pH in their work, others refer only to a “distinctly acid” solution, while none recognize the possibility that some tryptic activity may remain at low pH levels. It is, therefore, of some interest for insect and comparative physiology that proteolytic activities at low pH levels have been found in the larval stages of the house fly. The high degree of proteolysis at pH 1.5 to 3.5 is strongly suggestive of the presence of pepsin or a pepsin-like enzyme4, in at least the larvae and possibly in other stages as well.
Sleep and Behavior in ADHD

Potential relationships between objectively measured sleep disturbances and neurobehavioral function in a community cohort of 5- to 7-year old children with parentally reported symptoms of ADHD were investigated at the University of Louisville, KY.
Hematoporphyrin Derivative Photoradiation Therapy of Endobronchial Lung Cancer

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) photoradiation therapy (PRT) has been reported as an effective treatment for a variety of tumors (1,2). This technique relys on the tumor localizing and photosensitization potential of HpD to selectively destroy tumors.
A Study on Current Equal Sharing Among Thyristor Rectifier Bridges

There are many reasons that can result in unequal current sharing among thyristor rectified bridges in parallel. The possible reasons is analyzed in detail in the paper,and the evaluation standard for equal current sharing is put forward In addition,the most effective method to resolve it is also proposed. It is useful for reference of maintainers in site. The experiment result verified the conclusions of the paper,too.
Investigating Pristine Inner Experience

I have tried, over the course of this book, to demonstrate ever more comprehensively that: Pristine experience is personally important . You live your life entirely immersed in your pristine experiences, a stream of your own creations, tailored by you just for you, perhaps derivative of the surrounding environment, perhaps not. The stream of pristine experience is unfettered by time, place, or reality. At one moment you may be seeing in reality the book you are holding, at the next moment hearing and smelling in imagination the ocean that you visited last year, at the next moment experiencing yourself innerly saying “it's all politics” as part of imagining a conversation that will likely take place this coming evening. Your pristine experience is your own ultimate intimacy: You create it; you shape it; you live in it; you're immersed in it every waking minute; no one else can access it. You do not occupy the same experiential world as does anyone else. You live in your own individually created stream of pristine experiences and I live in mine, each stream independent of the other, each created more by our own individuality than anchored directly to events in the shared world. Despite its ubiquity, people are often mistaken, sometimes hugely mistaken, about the features of their own pristine experience . Pristine experience is scientifically important . Without a careful survey of pristine experience we are unlikely to be able to understand bulimia, adolescence, old age, schizophrenia, emotion, and perhaps most other topics in psychology. […]
Importance of a Travel History in Evaluation of Respiratory Infections

International travel has increased at a fast pace and will continue to rapidly rise. Concomitantly, with this increase in travel is the increase in post travel-related diseases, such as respiratory illnesses. Identifying the cause of the posttravel respiratory illness is a complex challenge for many healthcare professionals because similar presentations occur for both infectious and noninfectious causes. Not only is diagnosis important but also transmission prevention. In the last two decades, there have been several severe infectious respiratory syndromes that have spread through international travel causing epidemics in many countries. A detailed travel history with the chronology of symptoms paired with the patient's medical risk factors and exposures along with some basic knowledge of infectious respiratory illnesses will help facilitate clinical decision making. This framework will help create a broad, but appropriate differential diagnosis to guide clinical workup, prevent delays in diagnosis, and implement the appropriate precautions to prevent transmission if appropriate. The foundation to diagnosing a travel-related respiratory illness lies within integrating the patient's travel history, comorbid conditions, clinical presentation, exposures, and mode of transmission. A timely and accurate diagnosis benefits not only the patient but also the surrounding community to prevent further individual transmission, epidemics, and pandemics.
Computation of Dielectric Response in Molecular Solids for High Capacitance Organic Dielectrics

ConspectusThe dielectric response of a material is central to numerous processes spanning the fields of chemistry, materials science, biology, and physics. Despite this broad importance across these disciplines, describing the dielectric environment of a molecular system at the level of first-principles theory and computation remains a great challenge and is of importance to understand the behavior of existing systems as well as to guide the design and synthetic realization of new ones. Furthermore, with recent advances in molecular electronics, nanotechnology, and molecular biology, it has become necessary to predict the dielectric properties of molecular systems that are often difficult or impossible to measure experimentally. In these scenarios, it is would be highly desirable to be able to determine dielectric response through efficient, accurate, and chemically informative calculations.A good example of where theoretical modeling of dielectric response would be valuable is in the development of high-...
Predictors of Meningitis with First Febrile Seizure

Researchers in Delhi, India, investigated the prevalence of bacterial meningitis in 497 children aged 6-18 months admitted to hospital with a first seizure with fever.
Is it one call or two? Perception of inter-pulse and inter-call intervals in the grey treefrog, Hyla versicolor

Female grey treefrogs, Hyla versicolor, treat a call with an anomalously large gap between call pulses as relatively unattractive. However, whether such a ‘call’ is treated (or perhaps perceived) as a single call or two separate calls, an issue relevant to the problem of perceptual segregation of calls of different males, was unclear. We tested whether there could be gaps shorter than a typical inter-call interval that would be sufficient to elicit the latter percept by offering females a choice between a 5-pulse call and 13-pulse call separated by a 1575-ms gap and these pulse strings separated by shorter gaps. Preliminary results suggested that perception of inter-call gaps was categorical, and the distributions of such gaps between males in choruses were compatible with this finding. However, when we also offered females call alternatives designed to specifically test the hypothesis of categorical perception, predictions were only sometimes met.
Transgenerational transmission of asthma risk after exposure to environmental particles during pregnancy

Exposure to environmental particles during pregnancy increases asthma susceptibility of the offspring. We tested the hypothesis that this transmission continues to F2 and F3 generations and occurs via epigenetic mechanisms. We compared allergic susceptibility of three generations of BALB/c offspring after a single maternal exposure during pregnancy to diesel exhaust particles or concentrated urban air particles. After pregnant dams received intranasal instillations of particle suspensions or control, their F1, F2, and F3 offspring were tested in a low-dose ovalbumin protocol for sensitivity to allergic asthma. We found that the elevated susceptibility after maternal exposure to particles during pregnancy persists into F2 and, with lesser magnitude, into F3 generations. This was evident from elevated eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, histopathological changes of allergic airway disease, and increased BAL levels of IL-5 and IL-13. We have previously shown that dendritic cells (DCs) can mediate transmission of risk upon adoptive transfer. Therefore, we used an enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing protocol to quantify DNA methylation in DCs from each generation. Distinct methylation changes were identified in F1, F2, and F3 DCs. The subset of altered loci shared across the three generations were not linked to known allergy genes or pathways but included a number of genes linked to chromatin modification, suggesting potential interaction with other epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., histone modifications). The data indicate that pregnancy airway exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) triggers a transgenerationally transmitted asthma susceptibility and suggests a mechanistic role for epigenetic alterations in DCs in this process.
Recent Developments in Optical Waveguides

It is now more than 13 years since the first optical waveguide having a transmission loss below 20 dB/km was produced. Since that time, in what has become one of the world’s fastest growing technologies losses have been further reduced by over two orders of magnitude through attention to materials purity and processing conditions.
Teaching and Learning How to Create in Schools of Art and Design

This article describes the studio model—a cultural model of teaching and learning found in U.S. professional schools of art and design. The studio model includes the pedagogical beliefs held by pro...
Promoting Clarity and Transparency in Family Violence Research: Editorial Comments on the Journal’s Revised Author Guidelines

The intractable problem of family violence can best be addressed through evidence-based practices and policies, and the Journal of Family Violence (JOFV) seeks to be a platform for scholarship that advances the family violence field toward evidence-based solutions. Nonetheless, JOFV cannot be such a platform without clear, transparent, and rigorous publication policies and standards. Accordingly, this editorial offers potential authors guidance concerning the types of articles that JOFV publishes (i.e., full-length articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, brief reports, and letters to the editor) as well as information about the journal’s editorial and peer review processes. This guidance is offered to help ensure that authors are well informed about the journal’s policies, practices, and processes even before they submit their manuscripts for publication consideration.
Internet searches for opioids predict future emergency department heroin admissions.

Abstract Background For a number of fiscal and practical reasons, data on heroin use have been of poor quality, which has hampered the ability to halt the growing epidemic. Internet search data, such as those made available by Google Trends, have been used as a low-cost, real-time data source for monitoring and predicting a variety of public health outcomes. We aimed to determine whether data on opioid-related internet searches might predict future heroin-related admissions to emergency departments (ED). Methods Across nine metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States, we obtained data on Google searches for prescription and non-prescription opioids, as well as Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) data on heroin-related ED visits from 2004 to 2011. A linear mixed model assessed the relationship between opioid-related Internet searches and following year heroin-related visits, controlling for MSA GINI index and total number of ED visits. Results The best-fitting model explained 72% of the variance in heroin-related ED visits. The final model included the search keywords “Avinza,” “Brown Sugar,” “China White,” “Codeine,” “Kadian,” “Methadone,” and “Oxymorphone.” We found regional differences in where and how people searched for opioid-related information. Conclusions Internet search-based modeling should be explored as a new source of insights for predicting heroin-related admissions. In geographic regions where no current heroin-related data exist, Internet search modeling might be a particularly valuable and inexpensive tool for estimating changing heroin use trends. We discuss the immediate implications for using this approach to assist in managing opioid-related morbidity and mortality in the United States.
African Pentecostal Political Philosophy: New Directions in the Study of Pentecostalism and Politics

In this chapter, Wariboko offers an evaluation and critical response to the previous chapters in this volume. In doing so, he crafts a theoretical construct of African Pentecostal political philosophy, which serves as a lens through which to assess the contributions of each of the previous chapters toward the understanding of Pentecostalism and politics in Africa. The constructive paradigm of African Pentecostal political philosophy Wariboko constructs provides readers with concepts, tools, and propositions to relate the deeds, words, and ways of thinking of Pentecostals in relation to politics and society. In addition, he offers some guidance for thoughts on the political theology of African Pentecostalism. Thus, this chapter not only highlights the contributions of the previous chapters, but it also makes its own substantive contributions to the value and goal of this book.
FROB: A Transformational Approach to the Design of Robot Software

Over the last two years, we have applied methodologies developed for domain-specific embedded languages to create a high-level robot control language called Frob, for Functional Robotics. The goal of Frob is to provide an environment where robot software can be clearly, cleanly, and correctly specified, while suppressing unnecessary implementation detail. To this end, Frob incorporates three important notions: an implicit representation of time, equational specification of continuous-time behaviors and asynchronous events, and functions to construct complex, reusable abstractions. We show that these ideas can be combined to produce many commonly used “higher-level” abstractions for specifying robot programs. Experience with this approach to robot programming suggests that it leads to effective development of robot software while producing programs that are readable and can be reasoned about in a formal sense.
Large scale learning at twitter

Twitter represents a large complex network of users with diverse and continuously evolving interests. Discussions and interactions range from very small to very large groups of people and most of them occur in the public. Interests are both long and short term and are expressed by the content generated by the users as well as via the Twitter follow graph, i.e. who is following whose content.
The Role of Metals in the Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia, affecting millions of men and women worldwide. It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta (A beta) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles inside neurons and dystrophic neurons. Several risk factors are associated with the early onset and progression of the disease. Although the initiating molecular events are not entirely known, in recent years it has become evident that environmental and/or nutritional factors may play a causal, disruptive, and/or protective role in the development of AD. While a direct causal role for aluminum or other transition metals (copper, zinc, iron) in AD has not yet been definitively demonstrated, epidemiological evidence suggests that elevated levels of these metals in the brain may be linked to the development or progression of AD. This review summarizes studies which implicate a role for several metals in contributing to or causing AD.
Colocalization of Tectal Inputs With Amygdala-Projecting Neurons in the Macaque Pulvinar

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have suggested the presence of a fast, subcortical route for the processing of emotionally-salient visual information in the primate brain. This putative pathway consists of the superior colliculus (SC), pulvinar and amygdala. While the presence of such a pathway has been confirmed in sub-primate species, it has yet to be documented in the primate brain using conventional anatomical methods. We injected retrograde tracers into the amygdala and anterograde tracers into the colliculus, and examined regions of colocalization of these signals within the pulvinar of the macaque. Anterograde tracers injected into the SC labeled axonal projections within the pulvinar, primarily within the oral, lateral and medial subdivisions. These axonal projections from the colliculus colocalized with cell bodies within the pulvinar that were labeled by retrograde tracer injected into the lateral amygdala. This zone of overlap was most notable in the medial portions of the medial (PM), oral (PO) and inferior pulvinar (PI), and was often densely concentrated in the vicinity of the brachium of the SC. These data provide an anatomical basis for the previously suggested pathway mediating fast processing of emotionally salient information.
Effects of user perceptions of SAP ERP system on user learning and skills

This study examines the effects of playfulness and anxiety as perceived by users in relation to SAP enterprise resource planning (ERP) system on users’ learning of business processes and users’ skills to use the system. Data was collected from a survey of college students who took a course on business process integration with ERP system where students used SAP ERP system to complete course works on business processes. System playfulness is found to have a small positive effect on user learning and skills without any control but the positive effect disappears after controlling for gender and prior experiences. System anxiety is found to have a large negative effect on both user learning and skills. These results suggest that enhancing the playfulness of SAP ERP system can help improve the user’s learning of business processes and the user's skills to use the system, but that reducing the anxiety of the system is far more important in improving the user’s learning of business processes and the user’s skills to use the system.
Cooperative MIMO-OFDM-Based Exposure-Path Prevention Over 3D Clustered Wireless Camera Sensor Networks

As compared with 2D wireless camera sensor networks (WCSNs), 3D WCSNs can capture more accurate and comprehensive information for exposure-path prevention in supervisory and military applications. However, 3D WCSNs impose many new challenges for energy-efficiency and interference-mitigation subject to required coverage rate constraint due to extensive power consumption over time-varying wireless channels. To overcome the above-mentioned problems, in this paper we propose the AQ-DBPSK/DS-CDMA (alternating quadratures differential binary phase shift keying/direct-sequence code division multiple access) based cooperative MIMO energy-efficient and interference-mitigating scheme under the constraint of optimal tradeoff between power consumption and coverage rate over multi-hop clustered WCSNs. In particular, we build sensing models to characterize the minimum coverage rate constraint and formulate the exposure-path prevention problem using the percolation theory. Then, we derive the critical density of camera sensors subject to minimum exposure-path prevention probability constraint. We develop the AQ-DBPSK/DS-CDMA scheme and also derive the optimal data rate to optimize transmit-power and data-rate trade-off. By deriving the critical density of camera sensors over 3D WCSNs, we apply the cooperative MIMO based NEW LEACH architecture for our multi-hop cooperative MIMO scheme. Also conducted is a set of simulations which show that our proposed scheme can outperform other existing schemes in terms of energy efficiency and interference-mitigation over multi-hop 3D clustered WCSNs.
The ambient noise environment of the Canada Basin during the year 2016-2017

The Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE) was designed as an active underwater acoustic tomography experiment. The large amount of data (Nyquist frequency, 1 kHz) collected over the course of one year from 7 vertical line arrays allows for a unique capability to characterize the ambient sound environment in the deep-water portion of southwestern Beaufort Sea. The data shows a strong seasonal signal as the ice cover forms, grows, and recedes. There is considerable variability from day to day. Furthermore, the vertical arrays allow one to quantify the noise field by angle and depth. The Arctic is a considerably less noisy environment than the temperate ocean and it gets even quieter as the ice thickens. These measurements form an important new base line as the Arctic continues to react to changing climatic conditions.
New Method of Isentropically Compressing Materials to Several Megabars

IN the past, very high pressures in materials have been attained by static high-pressure techniques and dynamic shock-wave techniques. Static presses have been designed and operated to pressures up to about 500 kbar although there may be errors in the pressure scale at pressures much above 200 kbar. With shock-wave techniques it is possible to reach pressures up to 10 Mbar in dense materials such as heavy metals. Unfortunately, this technique is much less effective for more compressible materials. For example, a shock wave system which could produce a shock pressure of 10 Mbar in tungsten could only produce a pressure of about 150 kbar in liquid hydrogen. One method of circumventing these difficulties is the use of a magnetic field as a coupling medium between a sample and a metallic liner imploded by high explosives. As the pressure is essentially hydrostatic, the compressibility of the material makes little difference. Further, the buildup of pressure is relatively slow, the compression is isentropic and high pressures can be reached without the large temperature increase encountered in shock-wave experiments.
The 7 Ps marketing mix of home-sharing services: Mining travelers’ online reviews on Airbnb

Abstract The 7 Ps model is a very useful tool in helping service firms solve managerial issues in marketing. Guided by the 7 Ps marketing mix framework, a big-data, supervised machine learning analysis was performed with 1,148,062 English reviews of 37,092 Airbnb listings in San Francisco and New York City. The results disclose similar patterns in both markets, where travelers shared their experience about Service Product and Physical Evidence most often; Price and Promotion were the least mentioned elements. Furthermore, through a series of comparisons of Airbnb’s 7 Ps marketing mix among the listings managed by different types of hosts, multi-unit and single-unit hosts seem to offer similar services with a small observable difference; whereas superhosts and the ordinary hosts deliver different services. This study makes valuable methodological contributions and provides practical marketing insights for hoteliers and the hosts and webmasters on home-sharing websites. Policymakers should pay special attention to multi-unit hosts.
Factors Governing the Onset and Maintenance of Maternal Behavior among Nonprimate Mammals

This chapter will review what is known about the factors which regulate the onset and maintenance of maternal behavior among nonprimate mammals. Maternal behavior is an outgrowth of the endocrinological processes which regulate pregnancy and parturition; therefore, in order to understand the factors which govern its onset, it is necessary to study the endocrine control of pregnancy in each species. In addition, many of the procedures used to investigate the onset of maternal behavior (e.g., hormone administration, hysterectomy, caesarean-section delivery, prostaglandin administration, ovariectomy, etc.) alter the normal course of pregnancy in specified ways that can only be understood with reference to the normal endocrine control of pregnancy.
Risk Factors for Hypoglycemia with the Use of Enteral Glyburide in Neurocritical Care Patients.

Objective Intravenous glyburide has demonstrated safety when used for attenuation of cerebral edema, although safety data are lacking for enteral glyburide when used for this indication. We aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hypoglycemia in neurocritical care patients receiving enteral glyburide. Methods We performed a retrospective case-control chart review (hypoglycemia vs. no hypoglycemia) of adult patients who received enteral glyburide for prevention or treatment of cerebral or spinal cord edema. Hypoglycemia was defined as a blood glucose Results Seventy-one patients (60.6% men, median age 60 years) were included. The majority received 2.5 mg of enteral glyburide twice daily. Diagnoses included tumors (35.2%), intracerebral hemorrhage (28.2%), postspinal surgery (12.7%), and ischemic stroke (12.7%). Hypoglycemia occurred in 17 (23.9%) patients. Multivariate analysis identified admission serum creatinine (odds ratio, 27.2; [1.661, 445.3]; P 30 (odds ratio, 0.085; [0.008, 0.921]; P Conclusions Hypoglycemic episodes are common following enteral glyburide in neurocritical care patients. Both patients with and without diabetes mellitus are at risk of hypoglycemia. Elevated admission serum creatinine may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when utilizing glyburide for prevention or treatment of cerebral or spinal cord edema.
Expanding Fear of Loss of Vigilance: Intolerance of Uncertainty, Responsibility for Harm, and Fear of Sleep for Predicting Nocturnal Panic.

Objective/Background: Nocturnal panic involves experiencing panic attacks out of a sleeping state without obvious causes. Roughly half of patients with panic disorder will experience nocturnal pani...
Technology adaption: the case of a computer-supported inter-organizational virtual team 1

The adaptation process for new technology is not yet well understood. This study analyzes how an inter-organizational virtual team, tasked with creating a highly innovative product over a 10 month period, adapted the use of a collaborative technology and successfully achieved its challenging objectives. The study of such a virtual team is especially useful for extending our understanding of the adaptation process as virtual teams have more malleable structures than typical organizational units and controlled group experiments. Data were obtained from observations of weekly virtual meetings, electronic log files, interviews, and weekly questionnaires administered to team members. We found that the team initially experienced significant misalignments among the pre-existing organizational environment, group, and technology structures. To resolve these misalignments, the team modified the organizational environment and group structures, leaving the technology structure intact. However, as the team proceeded, a series of events unfolded that caused the team to reevaluate and further modify its structures. This final set of modifications involved reverting back to the pre-existing organizational environment, while new technology and group structures emerged as different from both the pre-existing and the initial ones. A new model of the adaptation process-one that integrates these findings and those of several previous models-is proposed.
30. Large Uterine Leiomyoma in Premenarchal 11-year-old Patient: A Case Report

Background Uterine leiomyomas, solid benign monoclonal tumors, are the most common pelvic tumor in women. Steroid hormones are thought to play a role in pathogenesis and they are known to increase with age in premenopausal women. These lesions are exceedingly rare in the pediatric and adolescent population and even more so in premenarchal females. Case An 11-year-old female presented with a firm abdominal mass, increasing in size over one year. She had mild cramping with intense physical activity. She denied urinary or gastrointestinal symptoms, except occasional sensation of urge without ability to void. She had no anorexia, fatigue, weight loss, or fevers. She was pre-menarchal with pubarche, adrenarche, and thelarche progressing in the preceding year. She was not sexually active. Her mother's menarche was age 12. Negative family history of cancer. On exam, she had a firm mass, measuring 23 cm from pubic bone. MRI confirmed a solid, circumscribed 8.5 × 16.5 × 15.9 cm mass with scattered areas of heterogeneity, small volume of pelvic free fluid, no lympadenopathy (figure 1). Due to concern for sarcoma, pediatric surgery performed an open biopsy. Pathology was consistent with leiomyoma. The mass was subsequently resected via a vertical midline incision. Intraoperatively, there was a firm mass originating from the anterior superior portion of the uterus, and small omental adhesion to the mass at the prior biopsy site (figure 2). A Penrose drain was tied around the base of the uterus and dilute vasopression was injected in the serosa. The mass was completely resected without entry into the endometrium. The uterus was closed from cornua to cornua in three layers. Pathology showed monomorphic proliferation of myoid cells, staining consistent leiomyoma, without coagulative necrosis or increased mitotic activity to suggest a higher grade process. Genetic testing was negative for hereditary leiomyomatosis, renal cell cancer (FH), multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1) and PTEN. Comments Despite the high incidence of uterine leiomyomas in women of a reproductive age, few cases have been documented in a premenarchal patient. This premenarchal status, along with the absence of any typical genetic markers for uterine leiomyomas, suggests that there may be additional factors that contribute to the development of leiomyomas.
Learning to Control Using a Convex Combination of Controllers

We explore the idea of online learning and control in concert with a form of robust control. The objective is to avoid excessive transients during the learning phase. We examine a controller formed as a convex combination of an aggressive and conservative controller. The stability of the convex combination is achieved using an adaptation law obtained from the appropriate derivatives of the spectral radius. We provide numerical results on a sinusoidal reference tracking experiment to verify the efficacy of our technique.
Controls on methane concentration and stable isotope (δ2H-CH4 and δ13C-CH4) distributions in the water columns of the Black Sea and Cariaco Basin

Methane (CH4) concentration and stable isotope (δ 2H-CH4 and δ 13C-CH4) depth distributions show large differences in the water columns of the Earth's largest CH4-containing anoxic basins, the Black Sea and Cariaco Basin. In the deep basins, the between-basin stable isotope differences are large, 83‰ for δ2H-CH4 and 9‰ for δ13C-CH4, and the distributions are mirror images of one another. The major sink in both basins, anaerobic oxidation of CH4, results in such extensive isotope fractionation that little direct information can be obtained regarding sources. Recent measurements of natural 14C-CH4 show that the CH4 geochemistry in both basins is dominated (∼64 to 98%) by inputs of fossil (radiocarbon-free) CH4 from seafloor seeps. We derive open-system kinetic isotope effect equations and use a one-dimensional (vertical) stable isotope box model that, along with isotope budgets developed using radiocarbon, permits a quantitative treatment of the stable isotope differences. We show that two main factors control the CH4 concentration and stable isotope differences: (1) the depth distributions of the input of CH4 from seafloor seeps and (2) anaerobic oxidation of CH4 under open-system steady state conditions in the Black Sea and open-system non-steady-state conditions in the Cariaco Basin. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.
Wellness Beyond AA: Testing the Theory of Meta-Recovery

Meta-recovery, a model of recovery based on the principles of psychosynthesis, has been described as a process of moving beyond AA-based recovery through a synthesis of the addictive and recovering parts of the personality. Research with a group of eight recovering aiioholic womhn indicaks that employing he tbls of meta-recovery can result in a qualitative shift in recovery and movement toward a level of self-awareness, self-authorship, and self-expression beyond that experienced in AA. These changes own the opportunity for choice reading the continuing role of the fellowship of AA in long-term recovery for wanen.
Brake Induced Vibration in Mountain Bikes (P112)

Mountain biking design continues to evolve towards more sophisticated systems including frame structures, suspension strategies, and braking components. Frames become lighter with directionally designed stiffness. Suspensions are designed and tuned to respond to diverse riding scenarios including large and small bump compliance, high and low speed compression and rebound damping, and pedal feedback/suspension bob. Braking components are getting more powerful, with better modulation, while maintaining stiffness and weight character. As structures become lighter and brakes become stronger, interactions between the stick-slip friction of brake pads and rotors and the stiffness of rear frame structures sometimes induce limit-cycle vibration that can be transmitted throughout much of the bicycle frame. This annoying vibration can be felt and heard and is more often seen in relatively compliant frame structures with powerful, state-of-the-art disk brakes. This paper examines the dynamic causes of these vibrations and relates them to design and operational parameters. Kinetic versus static friction, structural stiffness and damping, brake power and modulation rate, and bike speed and brake geometry are all key contributors to the phenomenon. Specific relationships between these parameters that preclude the onset or continuance of this vibration are determined.
A rapid spectrofluorimetric technique for determining drug-serum protein binding suitable for high-throughput screening.

Purpose. To develop and validate a rapid method for determining thedissociation constants with which pharmaceutical candidates and drugsbind to serum albumin and to α1-acid glycoprotein with the goal ofdeducing the extent of binding.
Effects of ethanol and of alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors on the reduction of N-acetylaspartate levels of brain in mice in vivo: a search for substances that may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Canavan disease.

Hair analysis can be used as a screening tool in the diagnosis of genetic diseases. The scalp hair roots of 67 normal neonates and 39 neonates with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency were analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy to differentiate the stages of the hair growth cycle and to diagnose the genetic disorder on the basis of spectral differences. We have demonstrated that FT-IR microspectroscopy is a rapid and effective noninvasive diagnostic method to differentiate scalp hair roots of normal neonates into the anagen, catagen or telogen phases of the hair growth cycle, using IR spectral differences within the 3000–2800cm−1 region and the IR peak area ratio of 2854 cm−1/2873 cm−1 or 1084 cm−1/amide II band (p<0.001). Moreover, G6PD-deficient neonates could be accurately diagnosed from telogen phase hair roots owing to significant differences in IR peak area ratios of 2854 cm−1/2873 −1 or 1084 cm−1/amide II band compared to normal values in healthy neonates. The result suggests that the application of FT-IR microspectroscopy may be capable not only of differentiating the hair growth cycle into anagen, categen or telogen phases but also of detecting G6PD deficiency. Hair root analysis promises to be a useful complement to serum and urine analysis in the diagnosis of genetic diseases.
Models for Coronal and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields: A Critical Commentary

The structure of the interplanetary medium is controlled by the coronal magnetic field from which the solar wind emanates. This field has been described with Source Surface (SS) and Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) models. The Source Surface model was the first to open the solar field into interplanetary space using volumetric coronal currents, which were a source for the IMF. The Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) model provided a more physically realistic solution. The field structure, without regard to sign, was dominated by a monopole-like pattern, which has been observed by Ulysses. Recently, Sheeley and Wang have utilized the HCS field model to calculate solar wind structures fairly accurately. Fisk, Schwadron, and Zurbuchen have investigated small differences from the SS model. These differences allow field line motions reminiscent of a timeline or moving streakline' in a flow field, similar to the smoke pattern generated by a skywriting plane.
Performance Profiling for OpenMP Tasks

Tasking in OpenMP 3.0 allows irregular parallelism to be expressed much more easily and it is expected to be a major step towards the widespread adoption of OpenMP for multicore programming. We discuss the issues encountered in providing monitoring support for tasking in an existing OpenMP profiling tool with respect to instrumentation, measurement, and result presentation.
Human heart rate variability relation is unchanged during motion sickness

In a study of 18 human subjects, we applied a new technique, estimation of the transfer function between instantaneous lung volume (ILV) and instantaneous heart rate (HR), to assess autonomic activity during motion sickness. Two control recordings of ILV and electrocardiogram (ECG) were made prior to the development of motion sickness. During the first, subjects were seated motionless, and during the second they were seated rotating sinusoidally about an earth vertical axis. Subjects then wore prism goggles that reverse the left-right visual field and performed manual tasks until they developed moderate motion sickness. Finally, ILV and ECG were recorded while subjects maintained a relatively constant level of sickness by intermittent eye closure during rotation with the goggles. Based on analyses of ILV to HR transfer functions from the three conditions, we were unable to demonstrate a change in autonomic control of heart rate due to rotation alone or due to motion sickness. These findings do not support the notion that moderate motion sickness is manifested as a generalized autonomic response.