cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Coping Competence Questionnaire: A measure of resilience to helplessness and depression

Based on helplessness/hopelessness theories of depression, the 12-item Coping Competence Questionnaire (CCQ) was designed to assess resilience against helplessness and depression. Evidence from a study involving 2,224 participants indicates that the CCQ is highly reliable, stable over a 1-month period, unidimensional, and internally valid. The CCQ converged negatively with measures of depression, neuroticism, and stress reaction and showed discriminant validity with a variety of other personality constructs. Compared to a measure of attributional style, the CCQ proved to be a superior predictor of depressed mood. Path models support the assumption that the CCQ buffers the effects of stress and negative life events on depressed mood and that dysfunctional coping mediates the effects of coping competence deficits on depression.
Characterization of a 12-kilodalton rhodanese encoded by glpE of Escherichia coli and its interaction with thioredoxin.

ABSTRACT Rhodaneses catalyze the transfer of the sulfane sulfur from thiosulfate or thiosulfonates to thiophilic acceptors such as cyanide and dithiols. In this work, we define for the first time the gene, and hence the amino acid sequence, of a 12-kDa rhodanese fromEscherichia coli. Well-characterized rhodaneses are comprised of two structurally similar ca. 15-kDa domains. Hence, it is thought that duplication of an ancestral rhodanese gene gave rise to the genes that encode the two-domain rhodaneses. The glpEgene, a member of the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (glp) regulon of E. coli, encodes the 12-kDa rhodanese. As for other characterized rhodaneses, kinetic analysis revealed that catalysis by purified GlpE occurs by way of an enzyme-sulfur intermediate utilizing a double-displacement mechanism requiring an active-site cysteine. TheKms for SSO32− and CN− were 78 and 17 mM, respectively. The apparent molecular mass of GlpE under nondenaturing conditions was 22.5 kDa, indicating that GlpE functions as a dimer. GlpE exhibited akcat of 230 s−1. Thioredoxin 1 from E. coli, a small multifunctional dithiol protein, served as a sulfur acceptor substrate for GlpE with an apparentKm of 34 μM when thiosulfate was near itsKm, suggesting that thioredoxin 1 or related dithiol proteins could be physiological substrates for sulfurtransferases. The overall degree of amino acid sequence identity between GlpE and the active-site domain of mammalian rhodaneses is limited (∼17%). This work is significant because it begins to reveal the variation in amino acid sequences present in the sulfurtransferases. GlpE is the first among the 41 proteins in COG0607 (rhodanese-related sulfurtransferases) of the database Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/COG/ ) for which sulfurtransferase activity has been confirmed.
Ca2+ induces an increase in cGMP-phosphodiesterase activity in squid retinal photoreceptors

In invertebrate photoreceptors, light elicits the opening of cationic channels to produce a depolarizing receptor potential. One hypothesis is that cGMP is the agent that gates the channels. It has been previously proposed that the light-induced rise in intracellular Ca2+ down-regulates phosphodiesterase activity, thereby eliciting an increase in intracellular cGMP concentration. cGMP-phosphodiesterase activity from squid photoreceptors was monitored both by a continuous fluorescence assay using 2'-o-(N-methylanthraniloyl)-cGMP and by hydrolysis of [3H]cGMP. The activity of cGMP-phosphodiesterase was found to be increased by Ca2+ in the physiological range of concentrations. These findings suggest that the previously known light-induced increase in Ca2+ in invertebrate photoreceptors cannot directly account for light-elicited down-regulation of cGMP-phosphodiesterase.
Care of the Dying Adolescent: Special Considerations

More than 3000 adolescents in the United States die annually from the effects of chronic illness. Providing appropriate end-of-life care for these patients is particularly challenging because of several developmental, ethical, and legal considerations relevant to this age group. Developmental issues relate to the ways in which life-threatening illness alters the normal physical and psychological changes associated with adolescence, including attainment of independence, social skills, peer acceptance, and a healthy self-image. Ethical and legal issues arise from the fact that many terminally ill adolescents <18 years of age lack ordinary legal authority to make binding medical decisions (including discontinuation of their treatment), yet they meet functional criteria for having the competence to do so. In such situations, a broad medical, ethical, and legal consensus supports giving decisional authority to the minor patient. Even when full decisional authority is not appropriate, strong moral arguments exist for taking serious account of the young adolescent's treatment preferences. In supporting the dying adolescent, an atmosphere promoting excellent communication and sound decision-making should be fostered as early as possible during preterminal care and maintained thereafter. Once palliative-care strategies become the clinical focus, psychosocial support sensitive to the adolescent's developmental stage must be provided. Using these principles, clinicians can play a crucial role in helping the adolescent, in the face of death, to experience richness of life and the dignity of self-determination.
Women for Women? Gender and Party Bias in Voting for Female Candidates

In recent years, popular commentators have suggested that the Republican party could narrow the gender gap by nominating women candidates. This proposition assumes that (at least some) women voters’ partisan identification may be trumped by an affinity with their gender. I evaluate the claim that women voters are often induced to cross party lines on election day to support a woman candidate. Analyzing more than a decade of men’s and women’s voting behavior when male and female candidates face one another, I offer evidence that female candidates gain marginally greater support from their own gender. In a relationship not present with other male or female candidates, Democratic women candidates who face GOP men strongly benefit from Republican women voters’ crossover support.
Synthesis and characterization of copper(II) iodo complexes of diethylenetriamine: isolation of an iodo-bridged copper(II) chain

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of two complexes of the formulation Cu(dien)I2, Cu(C4H13N3)I2, are described. The polymeric complex {[Cu(C4H13N3)I]I}n crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnm21 with two molecules in a cell of dimensions a=8.873(2), b=8.890(3), c=6.658(1) A. The structure has been refined to a final R factor of 0.046 based on 596 independent observed intensities. The structure consists of chains of iodide-bridged copper(II) ions along the crystallographic c direction. The coordination geometry about copper is tetragonally-elongated (4+2) octahedral, the equatorial plane consisting of three nitrogen atoms from the dien ligand and one iodide while the axial sites are occupied by the other (chain-propagating) iodide ligands. The equatorial CuI bond length is 2.585(1) A while the axial distances are 3.325(1) and 3.371(1) A. The intrachain CuCu separation is 6.658(1) A, the c axis length, and the bridging CuI(2)Cu angle is 167.7(1)°. The magnetic susceptibility data for the polymeric complex reveal antiferromagnetic coupling. The monomeric complex [Cu(dien)I2] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a with four molecules in a cell of dimensions a=15.140(4), b=9.690(4), c=7.526(2) A, β=105.95(2)°. The structure has been refined to a final R factor of 0.0723 based on 2460 independent observed intensities. The complex is five coordinate, the structure being best described as a distorted trigonal bipyramid in which N(1) and N(3) are axial while N(2), I(1) and I(2) are in the trigonal plane. As is expected for a trigonal bipyramid, copper lies in the trigonal plane. The CuI distances are very different, one being 2.619(2) A while the other is 3.049(2) A.
HIP-a protocol for hierarchical multicast routing

This paper presents a new, flexible approach to inter-domain multicast routing. The HIP protocol introduces the idea of ''virtual routers'' as a method of organizing the control of an entire domain so as to appear as a single router on a higher-level shared tree. HIP then routes between domains using the Ordered Core Based Tree (OCBT) protocol, and allows recursive application of virtual routers to create a multi-leveled hierarchy while providing efficient methods of distributing the location of the center point for the tree. The advantages of this approach include improved robustness, the ability to route between heterogeneous domains and a significant reduction in the amount of bandwidth consumed in control traffic and in the amount of state stored at each router over existing hierarchical multicast protocols.
Phase diagram of3He−4He mixture in aerogel of 87% porosity

Phase boundaries of3He−4He mixture confined in an aerogel of 87% porosity are mapped out by a torsional oscillator experiment. The superfluid transition line is found to extend to T=0 on the high3He concentration side of the phase diagram. However, we are able to trace the phase separation line only on the4He-rich side of the phase diagram.
Use of fluid fluorocarbons to study freezing in plant tissues.

Perfluorinated organic liquids and mixtures of their isomers have many unique properties that can be useful in physiological studies.2 Animal researchers have investigated their possible applications but plant physiologists have not. We have found these compounds nontoxic and useful in our studies of cryoinjury. Our findings and observations and consideration of the properties of these unique compounds will suggest other uses in plant physiological research. By virtue of their completely fluorinated structures these compounds are extremely unreactive chemically and essentially nontoxic to biological materials (6). They are colorless liquids with very low surface energies, convective heat transfer coefficients that are higher than those of conventional coolants, densities that are about twice that of water, very low pour points (-100 C for FC-80), high 02 and CO2 solubilities, and low solubility to water, facilitating evaporative removal from hydrated biological materials. As a result of the extremely low intermolecular forces between fluorocarbon molecules these fluids have among the lowest surface tensions known for liquids and readily wet other materials (6). They are nonpolar and have great chemical and thermal stability; e.g., they are stable to at least 350 C and are unaffected by boiling acids (nitric, sulfuric, or chromic), permanganate, or aqueous concentrated alkali (6). The FC-80 used in our studies is perfluorobutyl-tetrahydrofuran and isomers thereof with the general formula CSF1O. Its structure is that of a cyclic ether, but it has few of the physical or chemical properties associated with this type of compound. Specially, FC-80 boils at 99 to 107 C, is stable to 350 C, freezes at -113 C (glass point). At 25 C it has a density of 1.760 g/cc, a refractive index of 1.2769, and a surface tension of 15.2 dynes/cm. Oxygen solubility in FC-80 at 25 C is 48.8 cc per 100 cc compared to the 02 solubility in water of 2.9 cc per 100 cc. Carbon dioxide solubility in FC-80 is 192 cc per 100 cc. Water is not soluble in FC-80. Because the fluid fluorocarbons like FC-80 are essentially nontoxic and dissolve 02 and C02, they have been used in liquid breathing studies on intact animals (1-3) and for perfusion of animal organs (4).
Resolution of Transformer Reactance Into Primary and Secondary Reactances

The stand is taken that the resolution of the leakage reactance of a pair of windings into the individual reactances of the two windings is indeterminate unless referred to a third winding and that therefore it varies with the object in view when making the resolution. If the object is the influence of exciting current on performance, the problem is converted into a three-winding transformer problem by conceiving of the exciting current as produced by a (fictitious) load in a (fictitious) third winding. It is pointed out that the resolution of leakage reactance into individual reactances is possible only in the case of three windings, and that therefore in a transformer with three real windings and a fictitious exciting-current-load winding, constituting the equivalent of a four-winding transformer, the simple resolution fails, each winding having a different individual leakage reactance when associated with one pair of the remaining windings than when associated with another pair. Furthermore, the resolution made from the standpoint of real load currents will be different from that made from the standpoint of exciting current. Formulas are given for such resolutions, and experimental methods are described. The problem is also considered from the standpoint of flux distribution and linkages, and the limitations of some common views are pointed out.
Biochemical observations on so-called hereditary tyrosinemia.

Extract: Decreased activities of methionine-activating enzyme (ATP: L-methionine-S-adenosyl-transferanse, E.c. 2.5.1.6) (23 and 18 versus normal 86 nmoles product produced/mg soluble protein/h) and cystathionine synthetase [30] (28 and 6 versus normal of 98 nmoles product produced/mg soluble protein/h) in the presence of normal activity of cystathionase [30] (104 and 108 versus normal of 125 nmoles product produced/mg soluble protein/h) were demonstrated in the liver of two patients with so-called hereditary tyrosinemia. This decreased activity also was associated with documented deficiency of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase, tyrosine transaminase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase with values of 3 and 1.2 versus normal of 60, 2.6 and 0.8 versus normal of 20, and 3.5 versus normal of 13.7 μmoles/g wet weight of liver/h, respectively (table II). In one patient, the biopsy was performed after the concentration of tyrosine in the plasma had been made normal (less than 1.0 mg/100 ml) for 3 months by dietary restriction (fig. 2). This patient has subsequently maintained normal concentrations of amino acids in the plasma on an ad libitum diet for 18 months. These findings give evidence that the abnormalities on the pathway of metabolism of methionine are independent of the abnormality in the metabolism of tyrosine and that the latter may be self-limiting in some cases (table I). Speculation: These studies suggest that the hypertyrosinemia and the hypermethioninemia seen in so-called here-ditary tyrosinemia are each nonspecific manifestations of a phenotype as yet unidentified. Whether or not methionine accumulates in the plasma in the presence of these defects in the transsulfuration pathway is probably a function of an enlarged free amino acid pool in the liver when protein synthesis in that organ is reduced.
High Performance CMOS Variability in the 65nm Regime and Beyond

This paper has described the performance of CMOS and categorises the variability. The inability to scale the tolerance of multiple electrical parameters along with their nominal value has contributed to a virtual crisis in the ability to improve performance and power consumption in new processes. The continued infusion of new materials and structures provide an illusion of conventional scaling, but assert additional idiosyncrasies as well. New device structures and materials may allow CMOS to scale further, but variability isn't likely to decrease, since smaller devices contain fewer atoms and consequently exhibit less self-averaging. The situation may be improved by removing most of the doping.
A comparison of meprospan (sustained actionmeprobamate capsule) with other tranquilizing and relaxing agents in children

Summary 1. Handicapped and ill children in whom irritability, restlessness, apprehension, and sleeplessness are troublesome secondary problems, may benefit from adjunct therapy with tranquilizers and relaxants. Our experience over a four-year period with meprobamate, reserpine, promazine, and zoxazolamine is presented. In this series, such therapy of 210 children is evaluated. 2. Special mention is made ofMeprospan, a new long-acting form of meprobamate in capsules, which is usually accepted and well tolerated by children, particularly if the contents of the capsule is mixed with food. Gradual release of the drug provides a more uniform and sustained action at reduced dosage. The possibility of side reactions is minimized. 3. Meprobamate (tablet and capsule)proved most useful and least toxic of the several drugs studied. Of the 210 children, 109 showed the greatest improvement on meprobamate, 59 showed a better response to one of the other compounds used. In 42 patients there was no improvement on any drug.
Permafrost Thaw Accelerates in Boreal Peatlands During Late-20th Century Climate Warming

Permafrost covers 25% of the land surface in the northern hemisphere, where mean annual ground temperature is less than 0°C. A 1.4–5.8 °C warming by 2100 will likely change the sign of mean annual air and ground temperatures over much of the zones of sporadic and discontinuous permafrost in the northern hemisphere, causing widespread permafrost thaw. In this study, I examined rates of discontinuous permafrost thaw in the boreal peatlands of northern Manitoba, Canada, using a combination of tree-ring analyses to document thaw rates from 1941–1991 and direct measurements of permanent benchmarks established in 1995 and resurveyed in 2002. I used instrumented records of mean annual and seasonal air temperatures, mean winter snow depth, and duration of continuous snow pack from climate stations across northern Manitoba to analyze temporal and spatial trends in these variables and their potential impacts on thaw. Permafrost thaw in central Canadian peatlands has accelerated significantly since 1950, concurrent with a significant, late-20th-century average climate warming of +1.32 °C in this region. There were strong seasonal differences in warming in northern Manitoba, with highest rates of warming during winter (+1.39 °C to +1.66 °C) and spring (+0.56 °C to +0.78 °C) at southern climate stations where permafrost thaw was most rapid. Projecting current warming trends to year 2100, I show that trends for north-central Canada are in good agreement with general circulation models, which suggest a 4–8 °C warming at high latitudes. This magnitude of warming will begin to eliminate most of the present range of sporadic and discontinuous permafrost in central Canada by 2100.
The physiological bases of nutrient responses during lactation.

The lactating dairy cow responds to dietary changes according to the nutrients provided and her propensity to produce milk. The allocation of nutrient use to milk production or body gain is generally termed ‘partition’ and has been shown to be a function of both the animal and its diet. As feed intake is increased, the lactating cow responds with progressively smaller increments of increased milk yield and progressively larger increments of body tissue. This ‘diminishing return’ is not associated with a change in efficiency of any physiological process. It is the result of changes in the rates of synthesis of milk components and of body tissue. The individual rates of milk synthesis and body tissue synthesis may be influenced independently. It is therefore somewhat awkward to speak of control of partition as though it were a single physiological process. We are concerned with the synthesis of specific milk constituents and the role of specific metabolites in influencing the rates of synthesis and, thereby, milk yield and composition. It is unfortunately very difficult to tell if milk production is limited by nutritional state, i.e. nutrient supply, or by the hormone balance or other physiological factors involved in milk synthesis. There is very clearly a close interaction between nutrient supply and physiological control of milk synthesis. Bauman & Currie (1980) used the term ‘homeorhesis’ which they credit to Kennedy (1967) to refer to the coordinated changes in metabolism of body tissues necessary to support a physiological state such as lactation. It is clear that nutrient response is altered by physiological state and that for a given physiological state, milk production will be influenced by nutrient supply. Recent reviews have extensively discussed the endocrine control of partition and milk biosynthesis (Hart, 1983; Akers, 1985)’ mammary-gland differentiation (Houdebine, 1985), uptake and utilization of amino acids by the mammary gland (Clark, 1975; Mepham, 1982), and glucose homeostasis (McDowell, 1983). It is apparent that the control of milk synthesis or partition involves both substrate availability and endocrine control. The effects of substrate availability may be presumed from experiments in which dietary manipulation has caused a change in rate of milk synthesis and a corresponding change in body-tissue energy balance.
Some notes on closed phase glottal inverse filtering

Berouti et al. [2]-[4] and Wong et al. [5] have reported procedures for the "closed phase" identification of the all-pole model of the vocal tract. These procedures are shown to be equivalent in a certain case. We argue for the superior performance of Wong's method when modeling errors exist. Finally, a modification to Berouti's method is suggested.
Failure Analysis Using Voltage Contrast and Ebic

As ULSI device critical dimensions continue to shrink to submicron sizes, electron microscopy techniques such as electron beam induced current (EBIC) and voltage contrast are finding more applications towards pinpointing failure sites for subsequent cross sectioning or deprocessing. In addition to the traditional use of EBIC for junction delineation, EBIC has been applied to locate leakage sites in capacitor structures and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices as well. Similarly, voltage contrast has been applied to identify single or multiple opens in via chains which consist of thousands of vias. In addition to a brief revisit of the basic principles of EBIC and voltage contrast, focus will be placed on the application of EBIC and voltage contrast in failure analysis of semiconductor devices. Examples of using voltage contrast combined with precision cross section focused ion beam (XFIB) for identifying the failure mechanism of 0.8μm vias will be presented. Also, the use of EBIC for identifying leakage sites in SOI and bipolar devices and subsequent FIB/scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis will be presented.
Information technology, an enabler in corporate governance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how information technology can be utilized as a driver of incentives in the decision‐making process of corporate governance.Design/methodology/approach – The existing theories in corporate governance are compared to understand the incentives offered to executives. Based on the analysis of the theories presented here, an incentive framework is proposed for corporate executives by utilizing the contributions of information technology.Findings – It is found that find that the stakeholder perspective promotes a value‐laden approach to corporate governance as opposed to other views that are unilateral. The study posits tapping in to the values and beliefs of corporate executives to produce viable and lasting results as opposed to monetary incentives. Information technology is proposed as an “enabler” in empowering executives towards promoting a stakeholder perspectivePractical implications – The paper's recommendations can be used by researchers, executives ...
Surface-Treated Activated Carbon for Removal of Ammonia from Water

Abstract Adsorption of phenol from dilute solutions has been studied on porous and nonporous carbons, as well as on ion-exchange resins. At a given equilibrium concentration, uptake of phenol on nonporous carbons per unit area is determined by the nature of the carbon surface. Phenol uptake on porous activated carbons decreases sharply upon surface oxidation. However, progressive elimination of chemisorbed oxygen from the oxidized carbon upon heat treatment at increasing temperatures in N2 increases the phenol adsorption capacity. The capacity is further enhanced if following heat treatment in N2 at 950 [ddot]C the samples are reacted with H2 at 300 [ddot]C. The mechanism of phenol adsorption on carbons has been discussed. Activated carbons are more effective adsorbents for phenol than commercial ion-exchange resins.
Visual warning signals optimized for human perception: What the eye sees fastest

This study aimed to answer the question of how to design a visual warning signal that is most easily seen and produces the quickest reaction time. This is a classic problem of bionic optimization---if one knows the properties of the receiver one can most easily find a suitable solution. Because the peak of the spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity function of the human visual system occurs at non-zero spatial and temporal frequencies, it is likely that movement enhances the detectability of threshold visual signals. Earlier studies employing extended drifting sinewave gratings bear out this prediction. We have studied the ability of human observers to detect threshold visual signals for both moving and stationary stimuli. We used discrete, localized signals such as might be employed in aerospace or automotive warning signal displays. Moving stimuli show a superior detectability to non-moving stimuli of the same integrated energy. Moving stimuli at threshold detectability are seen faster than non-moving threshold stimuli. Under some conditions the speed advantage is over 0.25 seconds. Similar advantages have also been shown to occur for suprathreshold signals.
Direct-sequence code division multiple access for ultra-wide bandwidth impulse radio

In this paper, we propose direct sequence (DS) code division multiple access (CDMA) for ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) impulse radio communications. The main design issues are outlined and performance is estimated in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The performance of DS/CDMA is compared with that of time hopping (TH) using pulse position modulation (PPM). Both uncoded and convolutionally coded transmissions are considered.
Solitary waves on thin falling films in the very low forcing frequency limit

A new family of traveling waves on falling films obtained in the limit of zero pulsing frequency is presented and analyzed. A new two-mode model that can describe the dynamics of waves for Weber numbers greater than unity is derived and validated. The speed (Ce) and peak height (hmax) relation for solitary waves is predicted to be linear by the model and its predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental data. Weakly nonlinear analysis of the new wave family, using the new two-mode model, showed that the speed to peak height relation of these solitary waves is linear with slope , which is in close agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the local bifurcation analysis shows that the relation Ce − 3 = (hmax − 1) is independent of the angle of the inclination as well as fluid properties and flow rate. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Circuit Design for Voltage Scaling and SER Immunity on a Quad-Core Itanium® Processor

The 700mm2 65nm Itaniumreg processor doubles the number of cores over its predecessor, from 2 to 4. It also adds a system interface that is roughly as large as two cores, including six QuickPath interconnects and four FBDIMM channels. This 3x increase in logic circuits per socket presents two major circuit challenges that are addressed in this paper.
New scoring matrix for amino acid residue exchanges based on residue characteristic physical parameters.

Based on residue characteristic physical parameters, a new scoring matrix, called EMPAR, for amino acid exchanges in proteins was obtained. When comparing protein sequences for detecting homologies, the use of this matrix in place of the Dayhoff log-odds matrix yields results that reflect the topological similarities in the proteins. The use of EMPAR is equivalent to the parametric correlation coefficient approach of Ooi and his colleagues. This matrix correlates at 0.63 with the Dayhoff matrix.
MRF model-based segmentation of range images

Consideration is given to the application of Markov random field (MRF) models to the problem of edge labeling in range images. The authors propose a segmentation algorithm which handles both jump and crease edges. The jump and crease edge likelihoods at each edge site are computed using special local operators. These likelihoods are then combined in a Bayesian framework with a MRF prior distribution on the edge labels to derive the a posterior distribution of labels. An approximation to the maximum a posteriori estimate is used to obtain the edge labelings. The edge-based segmentation has been integrated with a region-based segmentation scheme resulting in a robust surface segmentation method. >
Frequency of attendance at religious services and leisure-time physical activity in American women and men: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Studies are lacking from representative samples of total populations and Hispanic Americans on the association of religiousness and leisure time physical activity (LTPA).Purpose: The objective is to test the hypothesis that frequency of attendance at religious services is positively associated with LTPA.Methods: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) included 11,820 persons 20 years of age and older with complete data on self-reported frequency of attendance at religious services, LTPA, and mobility limitation.Results:Among older women with no mobility limitation, infrequent attenders had significantly higher prevalence of no LTPA (odds ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 1.9; p = .02), but infrequent attenders were not significantly different from others in prevalence of moderate or vigorous LTPA 5 or more times per week after adjustment for sociodemographic variables and health status. No significant associations were seen at 20 to 59 years of age or in men.Conclusions: In older women without mobility limitation, less than weekly attendance at religious services was associated with greater prevalence of no LTPA even after controlling for health status. Significant adjusted associations were not seen in men or younger women.
Colonization-competition tradeoffs as a mechanism driving successional dynamics in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities.

Colonization-competition tradeoffs have been shown to be important determinants of succession in plant and animal communities, but their role in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities is not well understood. To experimentally examine whether strong spore-based competitors remain dominant on plant root tips as competition shifts to mycelialbased interactions, we investigated the mycelial competitive interactions among three naturally co-occurring ECM species (Rhizopogon occidentalis, R. salebrosus, and Suillus pungens). Each species was grown alone and in all pair-wise combinations on P. muricata seedlings in experimental microcosms and culture assays. Competitive outcomes were assessed from ECM root tip colonization, soil mycelial abundance, and mycelial growth in culture. In the microcosm experiment, we observed a clear competitive hierarchy of R. salebrosus.R. occidentalis.S. pungens. Competitive effects were also apparent in the culture assays, however, no similar hierarchy was present. These results contrast with our previous findings from sporebased competition, suggesting that ECM competitive outcomes can be life-stage dependent. The differing competitive abilities observed here also showed general correspondence with patterns of ECM succession in Pinus muricata forests, indicating that competitive interactions may significantly influence temporal patterns of ECM community structure.
Deep Roots and Long Shadows: The Cultural Politics of Memory and Longing in Northern New Mexico

In this paper I explore the cultural politics of memory and longing in northern New Mexico. The paper begins by examining the ways that, for many Hispanos, land and identity depend on remembered Spanish and Mexican pasts. It continues by showing, through the case of the violent takeover of an old land grant, the political possibilities and contemporary identities that are enabled through the linking of distant past and contemporary land politics. It also demonstrates the ways in which deviating from the past dilutes these same formations and possibilities that accompany these histories—clearly delineated by treaties, deeds, patrimony, etc. The paper then explores—through the contemporary political struggle surrounding the dismembering of a statue erected to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the Spanish arrival in northern New Mexico—the ways in which these very memories also tie Hispanos to alternative violent histories of conquest and colonialism. Ultimately, the paper demonstrates the ways that conte...
Long term outcome and clinical experience on immune tolerance induction therapies in infantile Pompe disease

Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alfa has resulted in a clinical benefit in a subset of patients. Cross-reactive Immunological Material (CRIM)-negative status is associated with poor prognosis. Patients with CRIM-negative infantile Pompe disease mount a strong immune response against alglucosidase alfa ERT, resulting in a clinical decline and death despite therapy. Most develop high sustained antibody titers. Based on our clinical and laboratory experience, about 40 percent of patients with infantile Pompe disease develop HSAT. Early identification of patients at risk is needed to allow for treatment intervention with immune tolerance induction (ITI) protocols. These protocols have included the use of agents such as rituximab, methotrexate, IVIG, and agents that target the plasma cells. Different treatment approaches are needed for patients with Pompe disease treated with ITI in the naive setting as compared to patients with high sustained antibody titers. Without ITI, the CRIM-negative patients do poorly on ERT alone. We will present a successful global experience in 15 cases and discuss the safety, efficacy and feasibility of a clinical algorithm developed at our institution to identify CRIM-negative status and allow timely initiation of ERT and ITI in this vulnerable population. Our data show that the clinical algorithm of rapidly diagnosing and initiating ITI coincident with the start of ERT in CRIM-negative patients is feasible and can be achieved in a timely manner.
A benchmark comparison of deterministic and probabilistic methods for defining manual review datasets in duplicate records reconciliation

Introduction Clinical databases require accurate entity resolution (ER). One approach is to use algorithms that assign questionable cases to manual review. Few studies have compared the performance of common algorithms for such a task. Furthermore, previous work has been limited by a lack of objective methods for setting algorithm parameters. We compared the performance of common ER algorithms: using algorithmic optimization, rather than manual parameter tuning, and on two-threshold classification (match/manual review/non-match) as well as single-threshold (match/non-match). Methods We manually reviewed 20 000 randomly selected, potential duplicate record-pairs to identify matches (10 000 training set, 10 000 test set). We evaluated the probabilistic expectation maximization, simple deterministic and fuzzy inference engine (FIE) algorithms. We used particle swarm to optimize algorithm parameters for a single and for two thresholds. We ran 10 iterations of optimization using the training set and report averaged performance against the test set. Results The overall estimated duplicate rate was 6%. FIE and simple deterministic algorithms allowed a lower manual review set compared to the probabilistic method (FIE 1.9%, simple deterministic 2.5%, probabilistic 3.6%; p<0.001). For a single threshold, the simple deterministic algorithm performed better than the probabilistic method (positive predictive value 0.956 vs 0.887, sensitivity 0.985 vs 0.887, p<0.001). ER with FIE classifies 98.1% of record-pairs correctly (1/10 000 error rate), assigning the remainder to manual review. Conclusions Optimized deterministic algorithms outperform the probabilistic method. There is a strong case for considering optimized deterministic methods for ER.
Femoral Fixation Sites for Optimum Isometry of Posterolateral Reconstruction

Background: Graft reconstructions of the lateral collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament are frequently performed in conjunction with a reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament to restore knee stability. The purpose of this study was to determine the femoral fixation sites resulting in the optimum isometry of popliteus tendon, popliteofibular ligament, and lateral collateral ligament grafts in a knee with a reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament. Methods: Relative length changes (isometry measurements) were recorded between sutures fixed at femoral grid points and appropriate fibular or tibial graft tunnel sites; sites resulting in the least change in suture length as the knee was moved from 0° to 90° of flexion were identified as optimum isometric points. Bone blocks of Achilles tendon grafts were fixed with the midpoint of the tissue's leading edge adjacent to the optimum isometric point (optimum placement). Isometry measurements were repeated with a lateral collateral ligament graft placed in a fibular tunnel and with popliteus tendon and popliteofibular ligament grafts alternately placed in appropriate tibial and fibular tunnels. The graft isometry measurements were then repeated with the bone block centered over the femoral footprint of the lateral collateral ligament or popliteus tendon. Results: For all reconstructions, there was no difference between the relative length changes of the suture placed at the optimum isometric point and the relative length changes of the graft with an optimally placed bone block. The mean location of the optimally placed bone-block center of the lateral collateral ligament graft was within 1.85 mm of the mean center of the footprint of the lateral collateral ligament; the mean graft isometry measurements with the optimally placed bone block were not significantly different from those with the bone block centered over the lateral collateral ligament footprint. The mean optimally placed bone-block center of the popliteus tendon and popliteofibular ligament reconstructions was 11 mm anterior and 2.7 mm proximal to the center of the popliteus tendon footprint. The mean relative length changes of the popliteus tendon and popliteofibular ligament grafts with the bone block optimally placed were <0.9 mm and <1.2 mm, respectively; the means with the popliteus tendon and popliteofibular ligament bone blocks centered over the popliteus tendon footprint were 3.7 mm and 5.0 mm, respectively. Conclusions: A popliteus tendon or popliteofibular ligament reconstruction with the bone block centered over the femoral footprint of the popliteus tendon was highly non-isometric. If the graft were fixed at 30° of flexion, it would elongate approximately 4 mm when the knee was extended to 0° and possibly stretch out. Clinical Relevance: We found suture isometry to be a good indication of graft isometry. In situ measurements of relative suture-length changes at the time of surgery may be helpful in determining a femoral fixation site that will result in graft isometry.
Roost networks of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) in a managed landscape

Maternity groups of many bat species conform to fission–fusion models and movements among diurnal roost trees and individual bats belonging to these groups use networks of roost trees. Forest disturbances may alter roost networks and characteristics of roost trees. Therefore, at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, we examined roost tree networks of northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) in forest stands subjected to prescribed fire and in unmanipulated control treatments in 2008 and 2009. Northern myotis formed social groups whose roost areas and roost tree networks overlapped to some extent. Roost tree networks largely resembled scale-free network models, as 61% had a single central node roost tree. In control treatments, central node roost trees were in early stages of decay and surrounded by greater basal area than other trees within the networks. In prescribed fire treatments, central node roost trees were small in diameter, low in the forest canopy, and surrounded by low basal area compared to other trees in networks. Our results indicate that forest disturbances, including prescribed fire, can affect availability and distribution of roosts within roost tree networks.
Global analysis of self-sustained reentry by cellular automata models

It is demonstrated in a simple first-order cellular automata model that a statistical dynamical approach provides a mechanism for the analysis of self-sustained reentrant arrhythmias by stationary probability distributions describing the global state of the heart, analogous to a thermodynamic equilibrium in statistical mechanics. The description of parameters of local conduction physiology is coupled to the structure of the global pattern of self-sustained reentrant activity which results from that conduction physiology. This formulation may therefore serve as a guide to optimizing the effect of antiarrhythmic pharmaceuticals, based on their effects on local conduction physiology, as well as a guide to developing novel diagnostic information about local conduction physiology from measures of global patterns of activity, such as the electrocardiogram. >
Specificity of dimension-based statistical learning in word recognition.

Speech perception flexibly adapts to short-term regularities of ambient speech input. Recent research demonstrates that the function of an acoustic dimension for speech categorization at a given time is relative to its relationship to the evolving distribution of dimensional regularity across time, and not simply to a fixed value along the dimension. Two experiments examine the nature of this dimensionbased statistical learning in online word recognition, testing generalization of learning across phonetic categories. While engaged in a word recognition task guided by perceptually unambiguous voice-onset time (VOT) acoustics signaling stop voicing in either bilabial rhymes, beer and pier, or alveolar rhymes, deer and tear, listeners were exposed incidentally to an artificial “accent” deviating from English norms in its correlation of the pitch onset of the following vowel (F0) with VOT (Experiment 1). Exposure to the change in the correlation of F0 with VOT led listeners to down-weight reliance on F0 in voicing categorization, indicating dimension-based statistical learning. This learning was observed only for the “accented” contrast varying in its F0/VOT relationship during exposure; learning did not generalize to the other place of articulation. Another group of listeners experienced competing F0/VOT correlations across place of articulation such that the global correlation for voicing was stable, but locally correlations across voicing pairs were opposing (e.g., “accented” beer and pier, “canonical” deer and tear, Experiment 2). Listeners showed dimension-based learning only for the accented pair, not the canonical pair, indicating that they are able to track separate acoustic statistics across place of articulation, that is, for /b-p/ and /d-t/. This suggests that dimension-based learning does not operate obligatorily at the phonological level of stop voicing.
Does water condense in carbon pores

Using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of molecular models, we investigate the nature of water adsorption and desorption in slit pores with graphitelike surfaces. Special emphasis is placed on the question of whether water exhibits capillary condensation (i.e., condensation when the external pressure is below the bulk vapor pressure). Three models of water have been considered. These are the SPC and SPC/E models and a model where the hydrogen bonding is described by tetrahedrally coordinated square-well association sites. The water−carbon interaction was described by the Steele 10−4−3 potential. In addition to determining adsorption/desorption isotherms, we also locate the states where vapor−liquid equilibrium occurs for both the bulk and confined states of the models. We find that for wider pores (widths >1 nm), condensation does not occur in the GCMC simulations until the pressure is higher than the bulk vapor pressure, P0. This is consistent with a physical picture where a lack of hydroge...
Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis vary linearly with plant hydraulic conductance in ponderosa pine

Recent work has shown that stomatal conductance (gs) and assimilation (A) are responsive to changes in the hydraulic conductance of the soil to leaf pathway (KL), but no study has quantitatively described this relationship under controlled conditions where steady-state flow is promoted. Under steady-state conditions, the relationship between gs, water potential (Y ) and KL can be assumed to follow the Ohm’s law analogy for fluid flow. When boundary layer conductance is large relative to gs, the Ohm’s law analogy leads to gs = KL (Ysoil - Yleaf)/D, where D is the vapour pressure deficit. Consequently, if stomata regulate Yleaf and limit A, a reduction in KL will cause gs and A to decline. We evaluated the regulation of Yleaf and A in response to changes in KL in well-watered ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa). To vary KL, we systematically reduced stem hydraulic conductivity (k) using an air injection technique to induce cavitation while simultaneously measuring Yleaf and canopy gas exchange in the laboratory under constant light and D. Short-statured seedlings ( 0·90), indicating that changes in KL may affect plant carbon gain.
HONOR: Hybrid Optimization for NOn-convex regularized problems

Recent years have witnessed the superiority of non-convex sparse learning formulations over their convex counterparts in both theory and practice. However, due to the non-convexity and non-smoothness of the regularizer, how to efficiently solve the non-convex optimization problem for large-scale data is still quite challenging. In this paper, we propose an efficient Hybrid Optimization algorithm for NOn-convex Regularized problems (HONOR). Specifically, we develop a hybrid scheme which effectively integrates a Quasi-Newton (QN) step and a Gradient Descent (GD) step. Our contributions are as follows: (1) HONOR incorporates the second-order information to greatly speed up the convergence, while it avoids solving a regularized quadratic programming and only involves matrix-vector multiplications without explicitly forming the inverse Hessian matrix. (2) We establish a rigorous convergence analysis for HONOR, which shows that convergence is guaranteed even for non-convex problems, while it is typically challenging to analyze the convergence for non-convex problems. (3) We conduct empirical studies on large-scale data sets and results demonstrate that HONOR converges significantly faster than state-of-the-art algorithms.