cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methylation sites in HeLa cell ribosomal proteins.

The methylation of HeLa cell ribosomal proteins has been studied by paper electrophoresis separation of the peptides produced after trypsin digestion of individual ribosomal proteins. Methylation in vivo was detected by 3H labeling of peptides from cells that had been incubated with a mixture of [methyl-3H]methionine plus [35S]methionine, the incorporation of the 3H-labeled amino acid methionine being corrected by the 35S uptake. Each methylated peptide thus represented at least one methylation site (one or more methylated amino acids and their adjacent amino acid sequence). Eleven ribosomal proteins were found to be methylated. As many as five methylation sites were present in one ribosomal protein. In several ribosomal proteins some sites were methylated when ribosome synthesis was suppressed with low levels of actinomycin D, while other sites were not. Therefore, some of the sites in a given protein were apparently methylated in mature ribosomes, while other sites were methylated during ribosome processing. The methyl-group-specific labeling of some sites, but not others, was suppressed by cycloheximide, thus suggesting that the methylation of some sites was dependent on protein synthesis. A cell-free system from cultured HeLa cells is described, which reproduces the methylation pattern of ribosomal proteins in vivo in two ways: methylation was observed both in vivo and in vitro (a) in the same ribosomal proteins; and (b) in the same methylation sites of a given ribosomal protein. In addition, our data in vitro suggest that the methylation of some human ribosomal protein sites may involve a methyl donor other than S-adenosylmethionine.
Two cell-surface markers for human chromosome 1 in interspecies hybrids

Monoclonal antibodies AbAJ9 and AbT87 define two distinct human cell-surface antigen systems (1, 2). Both antibodies react with a wide variety of cultured human cell types but not with rodent cell lines. AbAJ9 identifies a glycoprotein of 140,000 mol wt and AbT87 identifies a glycoprotein of 60,000 mol wt. The genetic control of antigen expression was studied in rodent-human somatic cell hybrids containing different subsets of the entire human chromosome complement, using an immune rosetting assay for serological analysis and hybrid selection. The presence of human chromosome 1 was found to be both necessary and sufficient for expression of antigens AJ9 and T87 in hybrid cells. Two independent gene loci on chromosome 1, designated MSK -1 for AJ9 and MSK -2 for T87 , control the expression of these antigens. We have assigned MSK -1 to region 1 cen-p22 and MSK -2 to region 1q32 -qter, using hybrids containing only fragments of human chromosome 1.
Types of Writings Found in the Early Levels of Basal Reading Programs: Preprimers through Second Grade Readers.

Eight leading basal reading programs, approved for adoption in California public schools in 1983, were analyzed to determine the array of the types of writing included in the program from preprimers to second grade readers. The Teacher’s Manuals were examined to determine whether provision was included for teaching children how to read a wide variety of discourse types. A third investigation was undertaken in this study to determine the array of discourse types in standardized reading tests and assessment tests included in the basal program.
Role of cholesterol in the modulation of interdigitation in phosphatidylethanols

Phosphatidylethanol (Peth) is formed in biological membranes when ethanol replaces water in the transphosphatidylation reaction catalyzed by phospholipase D. This charged lipid accumulates in the presence of ethanol, and it has unusual properties that can influence membrane structure and function. We have previously shown that dimyristoylphosphatidylethanol (DMPeth) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanol (DPPeth) form the interdigitated gel phase in the presence of Tris-HCl [O.P. Bondar, E.S. Rowe, Biophys. J., 71 (1996) 1440-1449]. In the present investigation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence have been used to investigate the effect of cholesterol on the phase behavior of DPPeth and DMPeth. Our results show that cholesterol prevents the formation of the interdigitated phase in the presence of Tris-HCl, and that ethanol counters this influence and restores the ability of these lipids to interdigitate. Pyrene-PC fluorescence probe was used in this investigation and gave results that were in agreement with the conclusions based on the DSC study.
A Comparison of Fecal Percent Dry Matter and Number of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts Shed to Observational Fecal Consistency Scoring in Dairy Calves

Abstract Evaluation of dairy calf feces is often used in research and for clinical decision making to assess severity of diarrhea. However, this has not been validated for agreement between dry matter content and observed fecal consistency. Therefore, a comparison of observed fecal consistency score to fecal percent dry matter and Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shedding was performed to assess the accuracy of observational scoring as a measure of diarrhea and its association with number of oocysts shed. Fecal samples from 20 dairy calves experimentally infected with C. parvum oocysts were collected daily post-infection and scored on a scale from 1 to 4, with 1 being normal feces to 4 being severe diarrhea. An aliquot of each sample was analyzed for percent dry matter and Cryptosporidium oocyst counts by using immunofluorescent microscopy. Fecal consistency scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4 had median percent dry matter of 20.9, 16.3, 9.6, and 5.8, respectively. Using percent dry matter assessed by fecal consistency...
Traceable calibration of AFM step height measurements for integrated circuit manufacturing

The growing demands of metrology have tightened the allowable tolerances of depth and step height measurements in semiconductor and nanotechnology fabrication. With manufacturing tolerances in the range of 1 nm to 3 nm, special care is required to achieve calibration traceable to the SI (Systeme International d'Unites, or International System of Units) meter in order to meet manufacturing requirements. This paper describes the steps taken to achieve this level of measurement capability. The methodology used to achieve this traceable calibration is to use an inclined plane to establish linearity over the step height range of interest of a reference critical dimension atomic force microscope (CDAFM) and then to link a single traceable step height somewhere within this range. The deviations from perfect linearity in the vertical position are shown in the paper. Then using this newly calibrated reference CD-AFM, various step height structures were used to transfer the traceable calibration from the reference CD-AFM to one-dimensional AFMs (1DAFM) used for manufacturing process control. A traceable step height calibration, with an expanded uncertainty of 2.24 nm (k = 3) is demonstrated for the reference CD-AFM. From this result, a traceable calibration of the manufacturing AFMs with a combined expanded uncertainty of 2.8 nm (k = 3) for a nominal 164 nm step height is developed.
Aerosol particle analysis by resonance Raman spectroscopy

Abstract In this report, resonance Raman spectroscopy is used for the first time to enhance the low Raman scattering signal from suspended particles. Sodium nitrate is used as an internal standard for this study. The enhancement factor is measured to be 20 for sodium chromate in the pre-resonance scheme and 300 for the permanganate ion in the resonance conditions. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of applying resonance Raman spectroscopy to the chemical analysis of aerosol particles.
Treat the patient or treat the disease

Our therapeutic goals for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are evolving. Until the last decade the goals were primarily the treatment of symptoms. Regulatory approval for ulcerative colitis therapies have been based on short-term improvements in clinical indices and, most recently, the ability to heal the colonic mucosa, whereas approval for Crohn's disease therapies have been based on reductions in the CDAI (Crohn's Disease Activity Index). Over the past decade there has been increasing evidence in favor of more 'objective' measures of biologic disease activity including biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and the histologic resolution of active inflammation in ulcerative colitis. The objective changes have provided expanded therapeutic goals based on longer-term maintenance therapies with the potential to modify the chronic disease behavior and to reduce pharmacoeconomic costs (reductions in hospitalizations, surgeries and neoplasia).
Benefits of natural convection in solid breeder blankets with poloidal coolant channels under LOFA conditions

Abstract This paper analyzes natural circulation flow in solid breeder blanket designs with poloidal channels under a LOFA condition. Analyses couple the flow transient behaviors with transient heat transport models. While two-phase natural circulation exists in the system, a homogenous mixture model is used. The results of example calculations performed for an ITER solid breeder design concept indicate that in a 3-loop system with an elevation head ( ΔZ ) of 20 m, the removal of the afterheat (energy stored in the blanket elements and decay heat) depends on two-phase natural circulation flow with a quasi-equilibrium flow quality of 26% at the outlet of the blanket segment. However, if the available hydrostatic head is about 15 m or less, the amount of natural circulation flow is reduced due to significant increases of friction and acceleration losses in a two-phase system. To rely on natural circulation flow as an afterheat removal mechanism, the design of coolant system with its flow channels should be addressed analytically and experimentally to permit stable steady-state operation under conditions of the presence of vapor in the coolant channels.
Use of a formal description technique in the specification of authentication protocols

Abstract Formal specification techniques have been employed over the past decade or so by various workers in data communication and computer network systems in order to provide both definitional specifications of protocols and models of protocols for analytic purposes. This paper considers the use of the specification language LOTOS (Language of Temporal Ordering Specification) for specifying some authentication protocols developed in the security field. The language LOTOS recently became an International ISO Standard and the protocols specified form part of the ISO and CCITT Standards. In fact, the CCITT protocol which is considered in this paper, has been used in the LOCATOR (X.400 Secure Mail) project within HPLabs. We first give a brief introduction to LOTOS and then specify two security protocols from ISO/DP 9798 and CCITT X.509 Standards. We feel that a formal specification of protocols is a useful and a necessary step towards understandability, analysis and implementation of the protocols. Further, we feel that LOTOS possesses the necessary features required for specifying such protocols.
Onboard star identification without a priori attitude information

Many algorithms used today determine spacecraft attitude by identifying stars in the field of view of a star tracker. However, each of these methods require some a priori knowledge of the spacecraft attitude. Some algorithms have been extended to implement a computation-intense full-sky scan. Others require large data bases. Both storage and speed are concerns for autonomous onboard systems.This paper presents an algorithm that, by discretizing the sky and filtering by visual magnitude of the brightest observed star, provides a star identification process that is computationally efficient, compared to existing techniques. A savings in onboard storage of over 80% compared with a popular existing technique is documented. Results of random tests with simulated star fields are presented without false identification and with dramatic increase in speed over full-sky scan methods.
Slip Flow in a Curved Tube

The viscous flow in a curved tube with partial slip on the boundary occurs in many practical situations. The problem is formulated in curved tube coordinates and solved by perturbation for small curvature. The mutual interaction of slip, curvature, and inertia causes changes in the axial flow, surface shear, and secondary flow
The natural history of concurrent sick building syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome.

An outbreak of chronic fatigue syndrome linked with sick building syndrome was recently described as a new association. Whether chronic fatigue syndrome acquired in this setting tends to remit or, as sporadic cases often do, persist, is unknown. To clarify the natural history of chronic fatigue syndrome in association with sick building syndrome the 23 individuals involved in the outbreak were interviewed four years after the onset. In the previous interview one year after the onset of symptoms, 15 (including 5 with chronic fatigue syndrome and 10 with idiopathic chronic fatigue) of the 23 noted fatigue. Three years later 10 of the 15 were “fatigue free” or “much improved”. Five were only “some better”, “the same”, or “worse”. Three of the five people previously diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome were “much improved” (two) or “fatigue free” (one). The remaining two were seriously impaired, homebound and unable to work. The 10 individuals with substantially improved fatigue (three of the five with chronic fatigue syndrome and seven of the 10 with idiopathic chronic fatigue) were more likely to have noted improvement in nasal and sinus symptoms, sore throats, headaches, and tender cervical lymph nodes when compared to those with a lingering significant fatigue (p < 0.001). Upper respiratory symptoms and headaches improved in those with reduced fatigue but remained problematic in those with persisting significant fatigue. We conclude that the fatigue related to sick building syndrome, including chronic fatigue syndrome, is significantly more likely to improve than fatigue identified in sporadic cases of chronic fatigue syndrome.
Elicitation of Broadly Neutralizing Influenza Antibodies in Animals with Previous Influenza Exposure

The immune system responds to influenza infection by producing neutralizing antibodies to the viral surface protein, hemagglutinin (HA), which regularly changes its antigenic structure. Antibodies that target the highly conserved stem region of HA neutralize diverse influenza viruses and can be elicited through vaccination in animals and humans. Efforts to develop universal influenza vaccines have focused on strategies to elicit such antibodies; however, the concern has been raised that previous influenza immunity may abrogate the induction of such broadly protective antibodies. We show here that prime-boost immunization can induce broadly neutralizing antibody responses in influenza-immune mice and ferrets that were previously infected or vaccinated. HA stem-directed antibodies were elicited in mice primed with a DNA vaccine and boosted with inactivated vaccine from H1N1 A/New Caledonia/20/1999 (1999 NC) HA regardless of preexposure. Similarly, gene-based vaccination with replication-defective adenovirus 28 (rAd28) and 5 (rAd5) vectors encoding 1999 NC HA elicited stem-directed neutralizing antibodies and conferred protection against unmatched 1934 and 2007 H1N1 virus challenge in influenza-immune ferrets. Indeed, previous exposure to certain strains could enhance immunogenicity: The strongest HA stem-directed immune response was observed in ferrets previously infected with a divergent 1934 H1N1 virus. These findings suggest that broadly neutralizing antibodies against the conserved stem region of HA can be elicited through vaccination despite previous influenza exposure, which supports the feasibility of developing stem-directed universal influenza vaccines for humans.
Constraints on shear wave attenuation in the Earth's inner core from an observation of PKJKP

[1] Based on the high quality broadband data from Grafenberg array in Germany, we recently detected a reliable PKJKP phase, for which four kinds of evidence (travel time, slowness, back-azimuth, and comparison with a pseudo-liquid inner core model) were simultaneously provided. Also, for the first time, a clear waveform of PKJKP was observed. This gives us an unprecedented opportunity to put constraints on the shear wave attenuation in the earth's inner core using body waves. In order to minimize the potential influence of dispersion and phase shift caused by mantle heterogeneity, we adopt an envelope modeling approach. Our results show that the estimated Qβ from the shear phase PKJKP is significantly larger (∼315 ± 150) than that from normal mode observations. Because PKJKP samples the deep inner core, this indicates an increase of Qβ with depth in the inner core, in agreement with what is generally observed for Qα.
‘Taste Great or More Fulfilling’: The Effect of Brand Reputation on Consumer Social Responsibility Advertising for Fair Trade Coffee

There are numerous retailers in the specialty coffee market that sell Fair Trade Coffee (FTC). Some retailers sell FTC to meet the demand of socially responsible consumers, some are motivated by their own concern for small coffee producers and others sell FTC because of the taste profile of a particular FTC grower's coffee. A critical question facing these retailers is how best to position FTC: as good tasting or as socially responsible? This study examines consumers' coffee preferences, their comprehension of labels, the price they are willing to pay for FTC and tests the effectiveness of advertising socially responsible consumption as primary benefit of purchasing FTC. The implications for managing company reputation and communication of social responsibility for FTC are discussed and suggestions are given for advertising strategy and management of Fair Trade products
Exciton-scaling and optical excitations of self-similar phenylacetylene dendrimers

The collective electronic oscillators method is used to construct an effective Frenkel exciton Hamiltonian for conjugated dendrimers with fractal geometry. Self-similarity and the high degree of symmetry utilized by decomposing the space of optical excitations into irreducible representations make it possible to compute the one-exciton states and the linear optical response with reduced numerical effort that scales linearly rather than exponentially with the number of generations. The linear optical response is dominated by localized excitons belonging to the periphery.
Retrospective Comparison of the Patency of Wallstents and Palmaz Long-Medium Stents Used for TIPS

Purpose: To compare patency rates of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) after placement of long-medium Palmaz stents or Wallstents.
The effect of pH on hycanthone methanesulfonate-induced inactivation and mitotic recombination in saccharomyces.

Summary The genetic effects of hycanthone methanesulfonate were studied on a diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (D5) which was recently developed for the detection of mitotic recombination. Hycanthone was found to be genetically active with this assay system. A higher frequency of sectored colonies (twin spats) was observed after treatment at pH 5.5 than after treatment at pH 7.2. The sensitivity of D5 cells to inactivation by hycanthone was also found to be pH dependent. In growth studies, hycanthone extended the lag phase and prolonged the generation time.
Template fabrication of protein-functionalized gold-polypyrrole-gold segmented nanowires

Gold-capped, protein-modified polypyrrole (Ppy) nanowires were grown electrochemically using porous aluminum oxide as a template. The effects of the conditions of electrochemical synthesis on Ppy growth and protein (avidin or streptavidin) incorporation were studied. Streptavidin-modified nanowires grown at constant potential had better electrochemical properties and equilibrated faster when exposed to fluorescently labeled biotin than did nanowires grown by potential cycling. Solution pH had little effect on protein incorporation; however, higher pH provided slower but more reproducible growth rate of the Ppy segments. The best conditions for synthesis of streptavidin-modified Ppy nanowires were constant potential deposition at 0.75 V vs SCE in a phosphate buffer saline solution at pH 9. This method provides a straightforward route to nanowires of controlled length that can incorporate proteins for use in nanowire-based biosensors or in nanoparticle assembly through biomolecular interactions.
Computed tomography of pediatric urinary tract disease

Computed tomography (CT) has considerable value in imaging abnormalities of the urinary tract in children. The advantages, indications, techniques, radiation dosage, and future of pediatric abdominal CT are presented. Computed tomography of Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, pelvic neoplasms, renal lymphoma, perirenal inflammatory disease, and renal trauma is discussed and illustrated.
Should the national GI fellowship matching program be restored

Remember the "good old days" when we had a fellowship match in gastroenterology? Everything was so civilized. Programs and candidates didn't start their interviews until after January, giving the young trainees at least 18 months of residency experience to help in their career selection. Interview times could be concentrated during elective or nonbusy rotations, because all programs were interviewing in late winter or early spring with the matching deadline in May. No, there was not 100% compliance with the GI match (i.e., especially with selected basic research programs), but it was organized, predictable, and over 90% of the programs adhered to these time lines. After the match results became available in early June, congratulations were in order for the trainees successfully selected by their chosen programs. However, the unmatched individuals still had a chance of finding a position, because the National Resident Matching Program had a published list of unfilled programs throughout the United States.
Use of memantine for the treatment of dementia

The term 'dementia' encompasses a number of neurodegenerative diseases of which Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common. Prior to 2003, cholinesterase inhibitors, such as donezepil, were the only class of drugs approved to treat mild-to-moderate AD. In 2003, memantine became the first drug approved by the US FDA to treat moderate-to-severe AD. Currently, both memantine and donepezil are FDA approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. This article examines the pharmacologic profile of memantine, evidence for memantine's efficacy in moderate-to-severe AD and other dementias, its novel use in other neuropsychiatric disorders and future implications and research directions for memantine.
Elastic scattering of 0.8 GeV polarized protons from 46,48Ti

Abstract Differential cross sections and analyzing powers for elastic scattering of 800 MeV polarized protons from 46,48Ti have been measured at laboratory angles ranging between 4° and 21°. The data are analyzed within the spin-dependent KMT formalism. Neutron density distributions are extracted and compared with the results of other experiments and with theoretical predictions. Disagreements between empirical results and DME calculations are found.
Guidelines for Conducting Geropsychotherapy Research

Geropsychotherapy researchers have established specific methods that improve the reliability and generalizability of the data from this research. To date, there has been little formal dissemination of these methods. The authors present guidelines for the optimal conduct of psychotherapy research in older adults, which include selection of age-appropriate psychotherapies and control conditions, use of consumer-based methods for recruitment, evaluation of age-related treatment processes and outcomes, and adjusting the research design to accommodate age-specific life events and provide examples of how each guideline was used in their psychotherapy studies. Psychotherapy research with older adults has benefited from methodological advances that improve our ability to ascertain the impact of psychotherapy on late-life disorders. However, the field is still in need of better outcome and process measures, methods for measuring the therapeutic content of non-psychotherapy encounters, and methods for determining the impact of choice of treatment on outcome.
"YouTube Has Changed Everything"? Music Faculty, Librarians, and Their Use and Perceptions of Youtube.

YouTube’s accessibility, ease of use, and depth of content are strong lures for music students. But do music teaching faculty and librarians encourage this and do they use it in their own research, teaching, and work? This study surveyed over 9,000 music faculty and over 300 music librarians in the United States. It discovered that faculty rank is at times a factor in faculty use of YouTube for teaching and research—but not always in expected ways. It also found that faculty and librarians do not entirely share perspectives concerning the quality of YouTube’s content, metadata, or copyright concerns.
Tranfronterizos' socialization into mathematical discourse: capitalizing on language and cultural resources or caught between conflicting ideologies?

Abstract Studies of transfronterizos have highlighted the potential ways in which these students might draw on their linguistic, cultural, or knowledge capital on both sides of the border. However, because transfronterizos may cross borders to participate in institutional contexts, such as schooling, they can find themselves in the interstices of conflicting values and practices in institutions. For instance, discourse practices and ideologies might differ across institutional, national, or discourse borders. In this article, I situate the process of becoming socialized into a disciplinary discourse in the sociopolitical of the US–Mexico context to show how one student resists mathematical discourse and simultaneously constructs an identity in regard to this discourse. Through the case of Betty, a pre-service teacher, I show how contrasting ways of doing mathematics impact her socialization into mathematical discourse. I draw on Border Theory to demonstrate how Betty constructs an identity in the face of ...
Habitat Associations of Red Imported Fire Ants (Solenopsis invicta) and Introduced Populations of Pseudacteon spp. Phorid Flies

Habitat selection is one of many aspects of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, (RIFA) that has been intensively studied since their initial introduction in the United States. Concurrently, innumerable studies have attempted to identify effective chemical insecticides for RIFA control. More recently, several species of Pseudacteon spp. phorid flies (Diptera: Phoridae) have been intensively evaluated to determine their potential utility in biologica control of RIFA. These flies belong to a suite of natural enemies of RIFA in their native South American range, and have been selected for release in the United States as biological control agents against RIFA. It is hypothesized that phorid flies, through parasitism and suppression of RIFA foraging, will provide measureable RIFA population suppression as phorid ranges expand and fly densities increase. Relatively little scientific attention has been paid to habitat selection and partitioning by these flies in their introduced range(s) in the US. We assessed RIFA and phorid (Pseudacteon curvatus and Pseudacteon tricuspis) densities in four central Texas habitats. The habitat types selected represent a continuum of habitat diversity, micro-habitat availability, and plant heterogeneity. Within the habitat types studied, RIFA mound densitieswere significantly different, but foraging intensity was not significantly different in three of four habitat types. Population densities of P. curvatus were determined to be significantly higher in one habitat than all others. Alternatively, P. tricuspis densities followed a trend within the surveyed habitats that correlated with RIFA densities observed in this study. These data imply that the successful release, establishment, and range expansion of P. curvatus may require a greater degree of critical consideration regarding the ecologyof each system into which they are released, as opposed to P. tricuspis. These implications also suggest that the successful establishment of additional phorid species in the US should take into consideration the habitat matrix and habitat-based expansion corridors available to the flies.
False-Positive Results for Immunoglobulin M Serologic Results: Explanations and Examples

Scenario* A measles outbreak occurred last month among a cluster of unvaccinated children in a suburban area in your referral region. Two weeks ago, an adolescent who received two doses of measles-containing vaccine in childhood developed a febrile illness with rash. This patient tested positive for measles IgM in a commercial assay. Subsequent testing by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrated seronegativity for measles IgM. (A low positive concentration of measles IgG was detected.) The initial IgM test result has been labeled as false positive. The family of the patient is upset about the disruption of life experienced due the false positive IgM result. The pediatrician who ordered the test has called to ask you how this result could have happened. What are potential explanations for this? The false-positive rate of any diagnostic test is a function of the specificity of the test and prevalence of the disease in the population represented by the patient. For serologic assays, the presence of antibodies that cross-react with microbial antigens used in the assay or interfering substances that interact with assay components can also lead to false-positive results. Technical performance issues such as over-reading of weakly reactive bands on immunoblots can also lead to false-positive serologic tests results for microbes for which these assays are used (eg, Borrelia burgdorferi )[ 1]. Thus, positive IgM assay results can require cautious interpretation—consideration of clinical course compatibility and epidemiological factors—and/or confirmation by other serological or molecular testing methods. The issue of reactivation of IgM production against herpes viruses is beyond the scope of this review.
Design and implementation of Benchmark System of routing problems in logistics distribution

In order to build up the Benchmark platform for five types of typical routing problems in logistics distribution, this paper analyzed the management requirement of instances and algorithms in Benchmark System and their operation flows firstly. And then the function components of Benchmark System were proposed and designed. Finally, the paper presented the implemented Benchmark System for five routing problems in logistics distribution. The developed platform could integrate the standard instances and the related algorithms, test the effectiveness of algorithms by the analysis of calculated result, and provide tool and decision support for the research on routing problems in logistics distribution.
Liposomal doxorubicin plus radiofrequency ablation for complete necrosis of a hepatocellular carcinoma

Radiofrequency ablation (rfa) is a standard treatment for small, unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas (hccs). However, rfa for larger tumours is less successful, and intravenous lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin during rfa is one technique postulated to potentially address that limitation. This drug-plus-device combination therapy was used to completely treat a hcc in a patient who underwent liver transplantation 79 days later.
Inhibition by corpora atretica of ovarian sensitivity to environmental and hormonal stimulation in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis.

Female Anolis carolinensis are sexually refractory to both environmental and hormonal stimulation immediately following the breeding season. This refractory period coincides with the appearance of corpora atretica (CA). Two-approaches were used to determine whether the presence of the CA might be responsible for this decreased sensitivity. Exposure of refractory females to a stimulatory environmental regime demonstrated that vitellogenesis is inversely related to the occurrence of CA. Secondly, treatment of refractory females with ovine FSH (either 10 or 50 μg on alternate days for 16 days), demonstrated that removal of the CA increased ovarian and oviducal responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropin by at least 5-fold. These data indicate that the CA maintain sexual refractoriness by suppressing ovarian sensitivity to both environmental and hormonal stimulation.(Endocrinology 95: 102, 1974)
The Full Text of the Metrical Preface to Wærferth's Translation of Gregory

The 27-line metrical preface to Waerferth's Old English translation of Gregory's Dialogues has only one witness, the recto of the first folio of British Library, Cotton Otho C.i, vol. 2, a manuscript damaged in 1731 by a fire at its repository, Ashburnham House. Of the several modern editions of the poem, only three take their text from the manuscript itself throughout: those by Heinrich Krebs, Hans Hecht, and Elliott V. K. Dobbie.' Ferdinand Holthausen, Albert S. Cook, and Walter J. Sedgefield used the texts of Krebs and/or Hecht to prepare their editions; Wolfgang Keller reprinted part of the preface from Krebs; and Kenneth Sisam printed part, drawing upon all the editions (except Sedgefield's) and carefully examining one reading in the manuscript for himself.2 Both Krebs and Hecht began with a transcript made by T. Oswald Cockayne in 1863.3 Krebs checked the transcript against the manuscript in 1876 and printed the poem four years later.4 For Hecht's edition, Cockayne's transcript was collated with the manuscript by Julius Zupitza in 1890 and perhaps earlier, and finally by Hecht himself in 1898.5 Dobbie based his edition "on photostats, supplemented . . . by a first-hand examination of the manuscript."6 Krebs and Hecht printed the preface as
Rationality and bounded information in repeated games, with application to the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

Actions in a repeated game can in principle depend on all previous outcomes. Given this vast policy space, human players may often be forced to use heuristics that base actions on incomplete information, such as the outcomes of only the most recent trials. Here it is proven that such bounded rationality is often fully rational, in that the optimal policy based on some limited information about the game’s history will be universally optimal (i.e., within the full policy space), provided that one’s opponents are restricted to using this same information. It is then shown how this result allows explicit calculation of subgame-perfect equilibria (SPEs) for any repeated or stochastic game. The technique is applied to the iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma for the case of 1-back memory. Two classes of SPEs are derived, which exhibit varying degrees of (individually rational) cooperation as a result of repeated interaction.
Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on O2 uptake and heart rate kinetics during heavy exercise

Engelen, Marielle, Janos Porszasz, Marshall Riley, Karlman Wasserman, Kazuhira Maehara, and Thomas J. Barstow. Effects of hypoxic hypoxia on O2 uptake and heart rate kinetics during heavy exercise....
Internet transaction anxiety & recognition of assurance services

Many recent surveys and articles have shown that consumers have "Internet transaction anxiety." This study explores specific transaction anxieties related to the services provided by several prominent e-commerce assurance services. Results indicate that consumers are most concerned about their personal information both as it is being transmitted over the Internet and when it is being handled remotely by an e-commerce vendor. However, there is no significant relationship between having major reservations about purchasing via the Internet and actually doing so. Also, the majority of subjects in this study did not recognize assurance service seals designed to alleviate transaction anxieties. A personal safe shopping guarantee from a reputable e-commerce vendor (e.g. Amazon.com) appears to be as effective at alleviating consumer anxiety as a Web assurance seal from an assurance service.
Expression of a retinol dehydrogenase (hRoDH-4), a member of the retinol/steroid dehydrogenase family implicated in retinoic acid biosynthesis, in normal and neoplastic endometria

Abstract Objective: Retinoic acid plays an essential role in epithelial differentiation, and retinoid homeostasis is disrupted in cancers of epithelial origin. The goal of this study was to determine whether hRoDH-4, an enzyme that can catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in retinoic acid biosynthesis, is expressed in normal endometrium and, if so, whether its expression is altered in endometrial cancer. Study design: Proliferative, secretory, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometria were examined by immunocytochemistry for hRoDH-4 protein and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the hRoDH-4 transcript. Results: In proliferative and secretory glandular epithelia, immunoreactive hRoDH-4 was uniformly pres-ent. In endometrial cancers, hRoDH-4 immunoreactivity was markedly reduced in many neoplastic epithelial cells. Expression of hRoDH-4 in normal and neoplastic endometrium was confirmed by findings on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that altered expression of enzymes essential for in situ retinoic acid biosynthesis is an important phenotypic change associated with the development of endometrial cancer. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:675-83.)
Real-Time Adaptive Motion Planning (RAMP) of Mobile Manipulators in Dynamic Environments With Unforeseen Changes

This paper introduces a novel and general real-time adaptive motion planning (RAMP) approach suitable for planning trajectories of high-DOF or redundant robots, such as mobile manipulators, in dynamic environments with moving obstacles of unknown trajectories. The RAMP approach enables simultaneous path and trajectory planning and simultaneous planning and execution of motion in real time. It facilitates real-time optimization of trajectories under various optimization criteria, such as minimizing energy and time and maximizing manipulability. It also accommodates partially specified task goals of robots easily. The approach exploits redundancy in redundant robots (such as locomotion versus manipulation in a mobile manipulator) through loose coupling of robot configuration variables to best achieve obstacle avoidance and optimization objectives. The RAMP approach has been implemented and tested in simulation over a diverse set of task environments, including environments with multiple mobile manipulators. The results (and also the accompanying video) show that the RAMP planner, with its high efficiency and flexibility, not only handles a single mobile manipulator well in dynamic environments with various obstacles of unknown motions in addition to static obstacles, but can also readily and effectively plan motions for each mobile manipulator in an environment shared by multiple mobile manipulators and other moving obstacles.
Widespread neuron-specific transgene expression in brain and spinal cord following synapsin promoter-driven AAV9 neonatal intracerebroventricular injection

Adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer holds great promise for treating a wide-range of neurodegenerative disorders. The AAV9 serotype crosses the blood-brain barrier and shows enhanced transduction efficiency compared to other serotypes, thus offering advantageous targeting when global transgene expression is required. Neonatal intravenous or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) delivery of recombinant AAV9 (rAAV9) have recently proven effective for modeling and treating several rodent models of neurodegenerative disease, however, the technique is associated with variable cellular tropism, making tailored gene transfer a challenge. In the current study, we employ the human synapsin 1 (hSYN1) gene promoter to drive neuron-specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) after neonatal i.c.v. injection of rAAV9 in mice. We observed widespread GFP expression in neurons throughout the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves and ganglia at 6 weeks-of-age. Region-specific quantification of GFP expression showed high neuronal transduction rates in substantia nigra pars reticulata (43.9±5.4%), motor cortex (43.5±3.3%), hippocampus (43.1±2.7%), cerebellum (29.6±2.3%), cervical spinal cord (24.9±3.9%), and ventromedial striatum (16.9±4.3%), among others. We found that 14.6±2.2% of neuromuscular junctions innervating the gastrocnemius muscle displayed GFP immunoreactivity. GFP expression was identified in several neuronal sub-types, including nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic cells, striatal dopamine- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein (DARPP-32)-positive neurons, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive motor neurons. These results build on contemporary gene transfer techniques, demonstrating that the hSYN1 promoter can be used with rAAV9 to drive robust neuron-specific transgene expression throughout the nervous system.
Development and Evaluation of Shortcut-Derived Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a shortcut method for developing Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS). The developmental method included two novel steps: (a) the performance of judgmental cluster analysis to define scales and (b) the direct placement of behavioral incidents on the scales rather than the use of the retranslation step. Two groups of six students each developed shortcut BARS through using an instructional booklet. The BARS were developed to evaluate teaching performance of college instructors. The sets of shortcut scales constructed by the two groups and a traditionally developed BARS were then distributed randomly to students in nine classes who were asked to evaluate both their class instructors and the instructors in their immediately preceding class. The shortcut scales, in comparison with the traditional BARS, were slightly more reliable. Both sets of scales had approximately the same degree of leniency error. The shortcut scales were in general somewhat less adeq...
In defense of ‘niche modeling’

There is a growing awareness of problems with the estimation of the ecological tolerances of species through correlative modeling approaches. These problems have led some investigators to argue for abandoning terms such as ‘ecological niche model’ and ‘environmental niche model’ in favor of the ostensibly more value-neutral ‘species distribution model’, as the models are thought to frequently be poor estimators of the niche. Here, I argue that most applications to which these models are put require the assumption that they do estimate the niche, however imperfectly, and that obscuring this inescapable and potentially flawed assumption in the terminology may only serve to hinder the development of the field. Taking the niche out of niche modeling Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in building correlative models of the environmental tolerances of species based on presence, absence and abundance data. There has been a concurrent development in the breadth of the questions to which those models are applied, ranging from studies of the effects of climate change on the distribution of suitable habitat to species delimitation and the study of niche evolution [1–3]. Throughout this period of development, there has been a discussion of what, if any, aspect of the biology of a species these models estimate [4–8], including attempts to determine the appropriate interpretation of these models in the context of the existing literature on niche concepts [7,9,10]. As a result of their entirely justified skepticism and uncertainty about these models, many investigators have recently advocated a move away from calling them ‘ecological (or environmental) niche models’ (ENM) to the ostensibly more value-neutral term ‘species distribution models’ (SDM), regardless of how the models are constructed or applied. This terminology has been promoted by some of the most respected investigators in the field [11], and the suggestion has already been widely accepted. However, I argue here for the continued use of the term ‘niche model’, for the simple reason that most applications of ENM/SDM methods require the assumption that such models estimate some subset of the conditions within which a species can survive and reproduce (i.e. the niche). The question of precisely which aspects of the niche are being estimated is a subject of considerable debate and controversy and, rather than attempt to resolve the issue here, I use the preceding broad definition and refer the reader to the copious literature on the topic for further discussion [4–8,12–14]. I am not arguing that the term ‘distribution model’ be deprecated, or that anybody should necessarily switch from terminology that they are comfortable with; rather, I am demonstrating that the niche assumption is frequently necessary when constructing and applying these models, and that assumption cannot be avoided by simply avoiding the term. Therefore, this is not simply an argument about terminology. It is an argument, or at the very least a reminder, about the assumptions implicit in the construction and use of these models.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Either Dose-Dense or Metronomic Temozolomide for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Purpose Alternative dosing schedules of temozolomide may improve survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) by increasing the therapeutic index, overcoming common mechanisms of temozolomide resistance, or both. The goal of this randomized phase II study was to evaluate two different temozolomide regimens in the adjuvant treatment of newly diagnosed GBM. Patients and Methods Adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM were randomly assigned to receive standard radiotherapy with concurrent daily temozolomide followed by six adjuvant cycles of either dose-dense (150 mg/m2 days 1 to 7 and 15 to 21) or metronomic (50 mg/m2 continuous daily) temozolomide. Maintenance doses of 13-cis-retinoic acid were then administered until tumor progression. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) at 1 year. Tumor tissue was assayed to determine O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. Results Eighty-five eligible patients were enrolled; 42 were randomly assigned to dose...