cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A search for gaits that are more stable than wave gait

The study of gaits for a multi-legged system has been a popular and integral part for the development of an efficient walking machine. It has been proven that the wave gait possesses the optimum stability among regular and periodic gaits for legged systems with four and six legs. Choi and Song reported that, for legged systems with eight and more legs, the wave gait may not be the optimally stable gait at certain ranges of duty factor with seven phase conditions of the front legs and seven phase conditions of the rear legs. In this paper, searches for the gaits that are more stable than the wave gait are conducted. It is found that in each of the fourteen cases of front and rear phase conditions, there are a number of gaits that are more stable than the wave gait. The more-stable gaits are identified and their stabilities are compared.
Early-Stage Cognitive Impairment: A Social Work Practice and Research Agenda:

With the current emphasis on early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, it is increasingly common to receive the diagnosis of impairment before functioning is seriously compromised. People in the early stages of cognitive loss experience distress related to their current and future functioning and yet are capable of participating in psychosocial treatment or support. Although most published studies deal with services for caregivers rather than direct practice with the cognitively impaired person, there is a growing body of clinical and research reports on psychosocial interventions offered directly to people with early cognitive loss. These interventions are aimed at alleviating the stress, depression, and anxiety while promoting a positive outlook. Gerontological social work practitioners and researchers are well positioned to further develop, implement, and evaluate these promising intervention approaches with early-stage cognitive loss.
Evaluation of error probabilities for general signal constellations

Expressions for error probabilities have been derived for commonly used signal constellations such as QAM and MPSK. However, closed form expressions cannot be found for more complex signal constellations such as hexagonally packed signals. Saddle point integration (SPI) has been shown to be an efficient method of evaluating the one dimensional cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a random variable. SPI integrates the moment generating function (MGF) of the test statistic instead of probability density function (PDF). In this paper, the SPI method is used to evaluate P/sub e/ for general, complex signal constellations. The first step is to determine the decision regions for each symbol using an algorithm from the graphics literature for calculating Voronoi diagrams. Next, these decision regions are subdivided into subregions that can evaluated using SPI. The SPI method is very flexible and allows one to model many different system effects such as phase offset, DC offset, and colored noise.
Solution Fracture Barrier in Wet Spinning

The dry jet wet spinning of various molecular weight aromatic polyhydrazide solutions is used to exemplify tenacity and spinnability reduction due to solution fracture, an elastic flow instability initiating in the capillary entrance region. Signif icantly, fiber spun at shear rates an order of magnitude above that required for fracture initiation evidences no tenacity loss. A flow visualization apparatus, used to photo graph the solution orientation changes resulting from fracture, verified reduced in stability amplitude at high shear rates.
Low-defect-density and high-reliability FETMOS EEPROM's fabricated using furnace N/sub 2/O oxynitridation

The superior characteristics of floating-gate electron tunneling MOS (FETMOS) EEPROMs fabricated using a furnace N/sub 2/O oxynitridation process are described. These devices exhibited about eight times better endurance and good data retention characteristics while maintaining defect density comparable to that of the control thermal oxide devices. These devices also showed very good thickness uniformity across the wafer and wafer-to-wafer. >
The Demonization of Jonathan Pollard

This article discusses the case of Jonathan Pollard, and the issues surrounding his conviction of spying for Israel while acting as a U.S. naval intelligence analyst. Cited are the writer's view of the inequities of his conviction, and possible political motivations for his sentence.
Cyrano's Posthuman Moon: Comic Inversions and Animist Relations

Seventeenth-century comic writer Cyrano de Bergerac's fictional journeys to the moon (L’Autre Monde) and to the sun (Les Etats et Empires du Soleil) include critiques of humanism and human exceptionalism that can be usefully recontextualized within twenty-first-century theoretical discourses related to ecocriticism and posthumanism. Cyrano's main weapons in his satirical attack on humanism include the critique of anthropocentrism; a poetics of misanthropy that also leads to a revitalizing rediscovery of human animality; images of hybridity and monstrosity; human/nonhuman interconnections and interactions; the personhood of animals and plants; animist materialization of natural environments and atmosphere; materialist relativism; and comic inversion. Though Cyrano's concerns were vastly different from our own, his works of early modern science fiction nonetheless resonate with the problems that define the anthropocene. The freedom of early modern comic fiction thus usefully informs the present-day era of e...
An unusual imaging and clinical presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy, accounting for 88% of all thyroid cancers in the United States.' The most common clinical presentation is a solitary thyroid nodule. On high-resolution sonography, features suggestive of papillary thyroid carcinoma include a hypoechoic solid lesion with microcalcifications and intrinsic vascularity. 2-5 We report an atypical case of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma that presented as a left hip mass with unusual sonographic findings of a predominantly cystic primary thyroid lesion.
ESTIMATING ERROR OF COASTAL STAGE FREQUENCY CURVES

A computer intensive statistical procedure known as the bootstrap has been used to estimate the error in coastal stage-frequency relationships due to uncertainties in hurricane meteorological distributions. These stage-frequency relationships are developed through the use of a joint probability method, so that the probability of a storm event is the product of the probabilities of the individual independent components which comprise that storm event. The bootstrap technique provides an estimate of the error of the stage-frequency by determining the variation possible in each component's probability distribution. This variability is due to the construction of the distribution from a finite set of historical events. An example of the bootstrap is given and stage frequency results and error estimates typical of a coastal region are shown.
Is the Cloud the Future of Computing

Cloud computing as a technology is difficult to define because it is evolving without a clear start point and no clear prediction of its future course. Even though this is the case, one can say that it is a continuous evolution of a computer network technology going beyond the client-server technology. It is a technology extending the realms of a computer network creating an environment that offers scalability, better utilization of hardware, on-demand applications and storage, and lower costs over the long run through the creation of virtual servers cloned from existing instances each offering near instantaneous increase in performance, allowing companies to react quickly and dynamically to emerging demands. The “cloud” or “cloud solution”, as the technology is commonly referred to, can either be hosted onsite by the company or off-site such as Microsoft’s SkyDrive and Samsung’s S-Cloud. The cloud technology seems to be in flux; hence it may be one of the foundations of the next generation of computing. Keep watching! It next a few years, a grid of a few cloud infrastructures may provide computing for millions of users. This is a broader view of cloud computing. Cloud computing technology consists of and rests on a number of sound, fundamental and proven technologies including virtualization, service oriented architectures, distributed computing, grid computing, broadband networks, software as a service, browser as a platform, free and open source software, autonomic systems, web application frameworks and service level agreements. Based on these fundamental and sound computing principles, one wonders whether cloud computing is the next trajectory of computing. This chapter will discuss this in depth and also look at the security issues involved.
Molecular Modulation of Protein Energy Landscapes

Protein catalyzed capture agents are an emerging class of oligopeptides that combine the benefits of small molecules and antibodies to furnish ligands with picomolar binding affinity, serum stability, and cell permeability. Their identification involves screening a synthetic, alkyne-functionalized epitope from a target protein against a library of cyclic peptides bearing terminal azides. We identified ligands that bind regions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a protein that misfolds to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), consistently destabilized upon mutation. Treatment of the disease is challenging because there are over 180 heritable mutations of SOD1 and virtually no well-defined binding sites addressable by traditional ligand identification strategies. These mutations ultimately cause the protein to adopt toxic conformations that aggregate and damage cellular functions within the central nervous system. PCC agents targeting regions consistently destabilized across several mutations bind and stabilize its native conformation. We characterized the impact of binding, both on the ground state stability of several mutants as well as the kinetics of SOD1 folding and denaturation.
Linear \lambda \mu is \textsc {CP} (more or less)

In this paper we compare Wadler’s \( \textsc {CP} \) calculus for classical linear processes to a linear version of Parigot’s \( \lambda \mu \) calculus for classical logic. We conclude that linear \( \lambda \mu \) is “more or less” \( \textsc {CP} \), in that it equationally corresponds to a polarized version of \( \textsc {CP} \). The comparison is made by extending a technique from Mellies and Tabareau’s tensor logic that correlates negation with polarization. The polarized \( \textsc {CP} \), which is written \( \textsc {CP}^{\pm } \) and pronounced “\( \textsc {CP} \) more or less,” is an interesting bridge in the landscape of Curry-Howard interpretations of logic.
Methods Used to Detect Local Increases in Risk

This chapter discusses the methods used to detect local increases in risk of cancer. Each cancer was examined separately by sex, as sometimes the causes of a cancer in one sex are somewhat different from the causes of the same cancer in the other sex, and criteria were selected to identify census tracts at high risk. To be identified as high risk, each such tract had to show a relative risk of at least 1.5, that is, a rate at least 50% higher than that expected, either on the basis of the county as a whole or on the basis of all census tracts of comparable income and education. This relative risk estimate must be based upon at least three cases and must exceed the conventional (95%) upper limit of statistical confidence around the expected number. The range of relative risk estimates for all the census tracts in the county is shown and the number of cases in each census tract is compared to the number that is likely to have been produced solely by chance. Those census tracts fulfilling the high-risk criteria are identified, and among them the time trend is assessed, and a comparison is made between the risk to males and the risk to females.
Science on the International Stage: Hayakawa

In September 1945, the young physicist Satio Hayakawa joined a group headed by Osamu Minakawa (Central Meteorological Bureau) and Ryōkichi Sagane (Tokyo University) to inspect the impact of the atomic bomb at Nagasaki. Hayakawa’s job was to measure radioactivity.1 The American physicist Richard P. Feynman whom he would later befriend, had worked on the Manhattan Project that ultimately led to the destruction at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Ironically, Feynman and other American physicists sought to help Japanese physicists rejoin the international community of science.
Zinc Cluster Transcription Factors Alter Virulence in Candida albicans

Almost all humans are colonized with Candida albicans. However, in immunocompromised individuals, this benign commensal organism becomes a serious, life-threatening pathogen. Here, we describe and analyze the regulatory networks that modulate innate responses in the host niches. We identified Zcf15 and Zcf29, two Zinc Cluster transcription Factors (ZCF) that are required for C. albicans virulence. Previous sequence analysis of clinical C. albicans isolates from immunocompromised patients indicates that both ZCF genes diverged during clonal evolution. Using in vivo animal models, ex vivo cell culture methods, and in vitro sensitivity assays, we demonstrate that knockout mutants of both ZCF15 and ZCF29 are hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting they help neutralize the host-derived ROS produced by phagocytes, as well as establish a sustained infection in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of mutants under resting conditions where cells were not experiencing oxidative stress revealed a large network that control macro and micronutrient homeostasis, which likely contributes to overall pathogen fitness in host niches. Under oxidative stress, both transcription factors regulate a separate set of genes involved in detoxification of ROS and down-regulating ribosome biogenesis. ChIP-seq analysis, which reveals vastly different binding partners for each transcription factor (TF) before and after oxidative stress, further confirms these results. Furthermore, the absence of a dominant binding motif likely facilitates their mobility, and supports the notion that they represent a recent expansion of the ZCF family in the pathogenic Candida species. Our analyses provide a framework for understanding new aspects of the interface between C. albicans and host defense response, and extends our understanding of how complex cell behaviors are linked to the evolution of TFs.
Some Decision Problems for Inverse Monoid Presentations

This paper surveys some of the authors’ recent and ongoing work aimed at developing a theory of presentations of inverse monoids analogous to the theory of generators and relations for groups. We regard inverse monoids as a class of algebras of type 〈2,1,0〉 and study presentations of inverse monoids from this point of view. The paper is concerned with two basic decision problems for inverse monoid presentations: the word problem and the E-unitary problem. We develop the general construction of a birooted word graph associated with an inverse monoid presentation and show how it can be used as a basic tool in the study of the word problem. We indicate several cases in which the word problem can be solved using these techniques. We study the E-unitary problem for inverse monoids of the form M=Inv〈X|w=1〉 where w is in the free inverse monoid on X. We show how the Lyndon diagrams of combinatorial group theory may be used to analyze the problem and we study several examples and special cases in detail.
Evaluation of Segmentation of the Superficial and Deep Vascular Layers of the Retina by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Instruments in Normal Eyes.

Importance Correct attribution of vascular features in optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography depends on accurate segmentation of retinal layers. Objective To evaluate the segmentation of retinal layers among 3 OCT angiography instruments in the central macula, an area where the superficial and deep vascular plexuses terminate. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective review of a representative OCT angiogram from 1 patient and an evaluation of the vascular pattern in an autopsied eye were conducted at a community retina practice at a university laboratory. A set of 3 × 3-mm scans centered on the fovea using the Cirrus 5000, RTVue XR Avanti, and Triton DRI OCT platforms with default layer segmentations were used to evaluate segmentation accuracy of a normal macula of a white man in his 60s as an emblematic example. A representative histologic section from the central macula of a normal eye was used as an exemplar. Main Outcomes and Measures Retinal layer segmentation and resultant vascular image compared with vessels as seen in histologic section. Results The segmentation slab designed to isolate the superficial vascular plexus included the deep vascular plexus in the central macula for all 3 instruments. None of the instruments produced segmented regions that followed the relevant anatomic layers correctly. Conclusions and Relevance Because of inherent errors in segmentation, studies of the superficial and deep vascular plexuses using manufacturer-recommended default settings are likely to be biased. A proposal for an improved segmentation strategy is presented.
Overlapping Hinterlands: York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, 1800-1850

YORK, A SMALL SOUTH-CENTRAL Pennsylvania city, lies forty eight miles north of Baltimore and eighty miles west of Phila delphia. In the first half of the nineteenth century Baltimore bought York's raw materials, agricultural products, and iron ware, and so served as a market for York goods. The Baltimore market drew York people to the Maryland city where considerable social inter change occurred and where they found some of the institutions of culture. Philadelphia acted as wholesaler to York retail merchants, as supplier of manufactured articles, and even as direct retailer to York consumers. Thus the two cities came to play different central-place roles in York life. This article examines the relations of York, a town in overlapping hinterland zones, with Baltimore and Philadelphia in the first half of the nineteenth century, when those relations were being changed and focused by the transportation and industrial revolutions. Allen Pred has argued that by the mid-nineteenth century the major cities of the eastern United States existed in a system of "intricate, crisscrossing economic relationships," in which small towns and cities interacted with metropolitan complexes.1 In this system York came to play a specialized and complementary role as a purchaser of Philadel phia manufactures, but that role developed as York supplied both manufactures and raw materials to Baltimore. Money made in Balti more bought Philadelphia goods. Regarding these relationships from the standpoint of the hinterland town rather than from the metropolis suggests a refinement of Diane Lindstrom's thesis that Philadelphia rose to industrial preeminence by exploiting the markets of its own hinterland.2
Similar 30-Day Complications for Septic Knee Arthritis Treated With Arthrotomy or Arthroscopy: An American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to use the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) to determine whether there were differences in 30-day perioperative complications between open arthrotomy and arthroscopy for the treatment of septic knees in a large national sample. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with a septic knee and underwent open arthrotomy or arthroscopy were identified in the 2005-2014 NSQIP data sets. Patient demographics and perioperative complications were characterized and compared between the 2 procedures. Results In total, 168 patients undergoing knee arthrotomy and 216 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy for septic knee were identified. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic variables between the 2 groups. On univariate analysis, the rate of minor adverse events (MAEs; 15.48% vs 8.80%, P = .043) was higher in the open arthrotomy treatment group, while the rate of serious adverse events (SAEs; 37.50% vs 26.19%, P = .019) was higher in the arthroscopic surgery treatment group. On multivariate analysis, which controlled for patient characteristics/comorbidities and used the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, there were no statistically significant differences in risk of any adverse events (relative risk [RR] = 0.851; 99% confidence interval [CI], 0.598-1.211; P = .240), MAE (RR = 1.653; 99% CI, 0.818-3.341; P = .066), SAE (RR = 0.706; 99% CI, 0.471-1.058; P = .027), return to the operating room (RR = 0.810; 99% CI, 0.433-1.516; P = .387), or readmission (RR = 1.022; 99% CI, 0.456-2.294; P = .944) between open compared with arthroscopic surgery. Conclusions Univariate analysis revealed a lower rate of MAE but a higher rate of SAE in the arthroscopic surgery treatment group. However, on multivariate analysis, similar perioperative complications, rate of return to the operating room, and rate of readmission were found after open and arthroscopic debridement for septic knees. Based on the lack of demonstrated superiority of either of these 2 treatment modalities for this given diagnosis, and the expectation that most differences in perioperative complications for this diagnosis would have declared themselves within the first 30 days, deciding between the studied treatment modalities may be based more on other factors not included in this study. Level of Evidence Retrospective comparative study, Level III.
Endogenous Opiates and Behavior: 2016.

Abstract This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
A Multi-Level Examination of First-year Students’ Openness to Diversity and Challenge

Two of the central missions of higher education are to foster the capacity to interact across differences and to cultivate a citizenry that has an appreciation for the diversity of ideas, perspecti...
G182(P) Use of an eclectic approach in autism spectrum disorder; a developing country perspective

Aim To see the effect of an eclectic approach in management of ASD in a resource constrained set up. Material and method A total number of 70 children were enrolled after parental consent. Parental Questionnaire, Functional Behaviour Analysis (FBA), Childhood Autism Rating Scale II (CARS II), Portage Early Education Programme (PEEP) were administered in addition to clinical diagnosis of autism based on DSM V (APA 2013). Children below 2.5 years and above 5 years along with children with cerebral palsy and Syndromes were excluded from the study. An Eclectic Approach included Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA), Functional Behaviour Analysis, Speech And Language Therapy and Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), Developmental therapy, Occupational and Sensory Integration Therapy, Social Skills Training and parents as partners. Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS 21 (Frequencies,Pearson correlation). Results Males were more affected than females and mean age of diagnosis was 3.4 years. Improvement was seen both in Behavioural and Developmental Profile. Longer duration of therapy lead to better outcome in language, cognition and socialisation. Conclusion An Eclectic Approach is a useful intervention in children with ASD in a low resource country.
Reconfigurable IP-Based Spectral Interference Canceller

This paper presents a technique to detect and compensate the spurious signals present in a continuous wave (CW) signal which is fixed in frequency and amplitude where the frequency and amplitude of the interfering signal is unknown to the receiver. The interference canceller proposed in this paper is used to detect the presence of standing spurious signals from approximately 0–500 kHz through waveform digitization and processing. This is an alternative solution to the existing analog implementations which function by receiving a certain bandwidth, and creating an out of phase version of the original signal, and then summing the two, cancelling spurs at a specific frequency. The source of these spurs can be internal (ex: self-coupling) or external (ex: nearby transmission stations). As the spur power approaches and exceeds the signal of interest, the receiving system experiences difficulty distinguishing between the intended signal and the spur. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first digital solution to the baseband interference problem. The technique presented in this paper was implemented on ZYNQ-7000 series housed on Xilinx Zedboard development board. The utilization reports show 36% of the Slices, 28% of the LUTs, 43% of the BRAMs, and 36% of the DSP blocks have been used for the complete system. Furthermore, its end-to-end functionality was verified using Xilinx’s Integrated Logic Analyzer (ILA) in removing standing spurious signals, while minimizing distortion to the signal(s) of interest.
Efficacy of Command-and-Control and Market-Based Environmental Regulation in Developing Countries

Like their counterparts in industrialized countries, environmental regulators in developing countries rely principally on two types of instruments: command-and-control (CAC) policies, such as emissions and technology standards, and to a lesser extent, market-based instruments (MBIs), such as emissions fees and tradable permits. But these regulators often lack the capacity to implement, monitor, and enforce CAC and MBI policies. As a result, the efficacy of those policies is an empirical matter. We review emerging experimental and quasi-experimental evidence on CAC and MBI policies in developing countries, specifically, from 32 studies of CAC policies and 8 studies of MBIs. Although drawn from a small and decidedly nonrandom sample of countries and policy types, the evidence clearly indicates that CAC and MBI policies can have significant environmental benefits in developing countries. In addition to cataloging and reviewing this evidence, we discuss data and methodological challenges to augmenting it and ...
Image Estimation from Scattered Field Data (at 10 GHz) Using the Distorted Wave Born Approximation and Other Prior Knowledge

A practical inversion algorithm based on the Fourier relation between scattered field data and the scatterer is presented; this procedure attempts to go beyond the limitations of conventional diffraction tomographic techniques which are largely limited to scatterers that satisfy the first Born or the Rytov approximation. A distorted wave approximation is used and reconstructions based on this have been compared with (first) Born inverted images and those based on the Rytov approximation. The new procedure is evaluated using microwave scattered field data taken from sand filled cylinders with diameters of 15.24cm and 30.48cm using 10GHz radiation. The approach adopted, being Fourier based, lends itself to further improvement through the application of well known signal processing (spectral estimation) techniques. The latter can improve the resolution of the reconstructed data by interpolating and extrapolating the available Fourier data, which lie on semicicular arcs in the Fourier domain, through the minimization of a cost function which incorporates prior knowledge about the scatterer, such as its support.
Vouchers and Religious Schools: The New Constitutional Questions

In Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002), the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of including religious schools in programs of vouchers given to families for elementary and secondary education. Zelman indicates that most carefully designed voucher programs that include religious schools will survive challenge under the First Amendment's Establishment Clause. Part I of the Article explains that conclusion. But despite its importance, Zelman represents only the first round in the legal battle over whether families should be able to use tuition grants at religiously affiliated schools. The second round is already underway, with lawsuits challenging various state constitutional provisions and laws that may bar the use of a state's tuition benefits at religious schools even if the Establishment Clause permits it. The Supreme Court has just granted cert. in Davey v. Locke to address such a state provision. Part II examines this round of questions, and concludes that there is a strong case that state provisions that specifically bar the use of educational benefits at religious schools violate the First Amendment by discriminating against religion in violation of the Free Exercise Clause, by discriminating against religious expression in violation of the Free Speech Clause, or at least by imposing an unconstitutional condition on the receipt of state educational benefits. If a state makes vouchers available for use at private schools, it must authorize their use at religious schools as well. Finally, even if a school is not excluded from participation in a choice plan just because it is religious, it might be excluded because of other conditions on participation. A voucher-eligible school might be required to refrain from discriminating based on various characteristics - race, sex, religion, sexual orientation - in hiring employees or in admitting students. It might be required to teach certain subjects, or refrain from certain teaching certain ideas. If those conditions conflict with the practices of a private school, religious or secular, the school might challenge its disqualification, again with First Amendment claims of freedom of speech, association, or religion. Part III analyzes those constitutional objections, and concludes that they present a more mixed case than the exclusion of schools solely because they are religious. Some of these non-religious conditions are subject to strong challenge, but others are more likely to be upheld.
CODIFICATION AND COLLABORATION : INFORMATION QUALITY IN SOCIAL MEDIA

This paper argues that social media combines the codification and collaboration features of earlier generations of knowledge management systems. This combination potentially changes the way knowledge is created, potentially requiring new theories and methods for understanding these processes. We forward the specialized social network method of two-mode networks as one such approach. We examine the information quality of 16,244 articles built through 2,677,397 revisions by 147,362 distinct contributors to Wikipedia’s Medicine Wikiproject. We find that the structure of the contributor-artifact network is associated with information quality in these networks. Our findings have implications for managers seeking to cultivate effective knowledge creation environments using social media and to identify valuable knowledge created external to the firm.
Intelligent System for Locating, Labeling, and Logging (ISL 3)

As mobile smart devices become ubiquitous in our society, users will be able to receive location based information on the fly. A model that is able to predict a user’s next destination will make location based services more effective by providing personalized information to the user. The implementation of such a location prediction model requires a set of correctly labeled destinations collected from users to tune the prediction model to an acceptable level of accuracy. A large collection of data will allow researchers to derive the parameters required to train predication models and also get the trends of user behaviors in general. ISL 3 will allow researchers to do just this by easily allowing them to collect user activity data to create location prediction models.
Who are Plant Breeders, what do they do, and why?

51 Even though plant breeders have an intuitive sense of what they do and what function they perform, the general scientific community and the public at large have little understanding of the essential nature of plant breeding. The first section of this chapter reviews historical trends relating to numbers of plant breeders. However, a great deal is left unsaid by merely reviewing survey results or historical patterns. So, while the first section provides a necessary starting point for a discussion about the plant-breeding profession, the more interesting issues—why do plant breeders do what they do, and should they even try to do it—are left hanging. Therefore, the last two sections address the more fundamental issues of what plant breeding actually accomplishes and how it fits in with the modern era of genomic science.
Bronchoscopy Education: New Insights

The shift toward competency-oriented education, coupled with the expansion of media and technology, is prompting physicians interested in bronchoscopy education to learn, create, collaborate, and teach in ways never explored before. Furthermore, the integration into clinical practice of an expanding number of effective and health-enhancing bronchoscopic procedures warrants that educational processes be tailored to help physicians efficiently climb the learning curve toward competence. In this chapter on bronchoscopy education, insights regarding several elements crucial to the educational process are provided, including views on (1) curricular structure and delivery, (2) how a structured curriculum using a combination of onsite and online materials such as those provided in the Bronchoscopy Education Project might facilitate learning, (3) why assessment tools help guide the educational process to assure procedure-related competency, and (4) how an ethics of teaching justifies the paradigm shift toward using new information delivery systems to enhance content delivery and knowledge acquisition, in addition to medical simulation in order to accelerate technical skill acquisition and prevent patients from suffering the burden of procedure-related education. In concluding this chapter, I discuss how early adopters of evolving educational modalities, techniques, and philosophies have become agents of change, transforming the more traditional “see one, do one, teach one” paradigm of bronchoscopy education into a structured, laddered, and globally accessible training paradigm in which learner-centricity and measurable individualized learning occupy principal roles.
Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience—Integrating Interdependencies

Throughout the world, there is strong recognition that critical infrastructure security and resilience need to be improved. Enhancing the protection and resilience of critical infrastructure has emerged as an urgent goal—a goal made more challenging by the complexity of these systems and their inherent interdependencies. Consideration of critical infrastructure interdependencies, as well as their integration into risk management and business continuity processes, is an important element of U.S Presidential Policy Directive 21 on Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience (PPD–21), the Canada-United States Action Plan for Critical Infrastructure, and the European Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection. Several international standards also require the consideration of interdependencies between organizations and the effect on their risk management and business continuity practices. All of these documents, from the strategic level through the operational standards, involve the consideration of interdependencies that can exist among infrastructure, how they are managed, and how they affect business continuity, security, and resilience management. A “system of systems” approach can help establish the appropriate scope of an interdependency analysis, as well as the specific assets and/or subsystems for which resilience-related information should be collected.
Neural responses to familiar conspecifics are modulated by a nonapeptide receptor in a winter flocking sparrow.

Abstract The social behavior network, a collection of reciprocally connected areas within the basal forebrain and midbrain, plays a conserved role in the regulation of vertebrate social behavior. Specific behaviors are associated with patterns of activity across the network, and these activity profiles vary with species and context. We investigated how the social behavior network responds to familiar social stimuli in a seasonally flocking songbird. Further, we explored how socially-induced neural responses are modulated by endogenous nonapeptide receptor blockade. Winter flocking dark-eyed juncos were exposed to either familiar conspecifics or a familiar empty aviary following a peripheral injection of either saline or [desGly-NH 2 ,d(CH 2 ) 5 , Tyr(Me) 2 ,Thr 4 ]-ornithine vasotocin, an VT3 receptor antagonist. Socially-exposed animals exhibited greater Fos induction across the social behavior network. Sex and drug effects were site-specific, with females tending to exhibit greater Fos responses to social stimuli and a greater sensitivity to VT3 antagonism. We suggest that in flocking animals, VT3 activation during social interaction may shift the pattern of neural activity towards the dorsocaudal lateral septum and rostral arcopallium and away from the extended amygdala, anterior and ventromedial hypothalamus, and the caudal ventral/ventrolateral lateral septum.
Processing-induced strain glass states in a Ni49.5Ti50.5 shape memory alloy

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) represent a revolutionary and innovative class of active materials which can provide potential solutions to many of today's engineering problems due to their compact form, high energy densities, and multifunctional capabilities. While many applications in the biomedical, aerospace, and automotive industries have already been investigated and realized for Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) based SMAs, the effects of restricting the ferroelastic transformation to nanosized domains is not well understood and the potential remains untapped. In binary NiTi, the martensitic transformation, which is characterized by long-range strain ordering (LRO), can be replaced with a strain glass transition, which consists of an LRO parent phase and a short-range strain ordered glassy phase. Such alloys have been named strain glass alloys (SGAs) due to the fact that they exhibit a glassy state which results from compositionally- or processing-induced strain. While SGAs do not exhibit a stress-free, temperature-induced macroscopic phase change, they still exhibit the strain recovery and actuation capabilities intrinsic to near equiatomic NiTi and other SMAs. It has been shown in the available literature that certain compositions, for example 51.5 at. % Nickel in binary NiTi, can create a strain glass; however, these compositionally-induced NiTi SGAs generally have transformation temperatures below 173 K and this will restrict their practical applications. In the present study, a new method for producing a strain glass phase in Ti-rich NiTi through sufficient plastic deformation via cold work is reported; the resulting SGA exhibits a temperature-induced ferroelastic recovery above room temperature. Additionally, the macroscopic actuation capabilities are improved when compared to both compositionally-induced SGAs and the base material due to the increased functional stresses of the SGA. To better understand the transition from an SMA to an SGA, Ni49.5Ti50.5 (at. %) rods were processed to several degrees of cold work and characterized via scanning and transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical testing, and synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction. The experimental results indicate that twin size decreases with additional cold work and, around 45% thickness reduction, stress-free thermal cycling no longer results in a measurable phase transformation; however, mechanically-induced phase transformation is still possible, where fully recoverable strains in these SGAs were observed to be above 4.5% when loaded at room temperature and recovered at 150 °C.
Phase stability and mechanical properties of novel high entropy transition metal carbides

Abstract Twelve different equiatomic five-metal carbides of group IVB, VB, and VIB refractory transition metals are synthesized via high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. Implementation of a newly developed ab initio entropy descriptor aids in selection of candidate compositions for synthesis of high entropy and entropy stabilized carbides. Phase formation and composition uniformity are analyzed via XRD, EDS, S/TEM-EDS, and EXAFS. Nine of the twelve candidates form true single-phase materials with the rocksalt (B1) structure when sintered at 2473 K and can therefore be investigated as high entropy carbides (HECs). The composition (V0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Mo0.2W0.2)C is presented as a likely candidate for further investigation as an entropy stabilized carbide. Seven of the carbides are examined for mechanical properties via nanoindentation. The HECs show significantly enhanced hardness when compared to a rule of mixtures average of the constituent binary carbides and to the highest hardness of the binary constituents. The mechanical properties are correlated to the electronic structure of the solid solutions, offering a future route to tunability of the mechanical properties of carbide ceramics via exploration of a new complex composition space.
Abstract A67: Bi-phasic metabolic responses to in situ macrophage activation

The cellular metabolism of macrophages is an emerging element regulating inflammatory macrophages which are a critical component of tumor microenvironment. The inflammatory macrophage with highly glycolytic phenotype is also known to elevate the glycolytic activity upon pathogenic stimulation such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, the dynamic changes in glycolysis were traced in a real-time manner by measuring proton efflux rates (PERs) and oxygen consumption rates (OCR) after an in-situ activation using Seahorse XFe96 analyzer. The PER of human peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) derived M1 macrophages was increased within an hour after injection of LPS, which corresponding to cytokine release, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). In contrast to PBMC-derived M1 macrophage activation, macrophage cell lines of RAW264.7 and J774.A1 required co-stimulation with interferon γ (IFNγ) for the full activation. Interestingly, the LPS and IFNγ co-stimulation modulates glycolytic rates in a bi-phasic manner which was identified only in long term (> 6 hr) monitoring. A series of long term XF analysis using in situ activation revealed that the immediate early glycolytic response fully relies on LPS stimulation while the secondary elevation in PER depends on IFNγ stimulus, which turns on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling and in turn suppresses mitochondrial respiration. The TNFα production is closely related to the immediate early glycolytic elevation, but independent from IFNγ-induced second elevation. The IFNγ-dependent second glycolysis increase was totally abolished by iNOS inhibitors whereas the immediate early glycolysis elevation was not affected at all. These data imply a temporal orchestration mechanism of LPS and IFNγ signaling in the metabolic regulation and activation of inflammatory macrophages. Citation Format: Yoonseok Kam, Pamela M. Swain, Brian P. Dranka. Bi-phasic metabolic responses to in situ macrophage activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A67.
THE VARIANT BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE DESCENDING COLON, RECTOSIGMOID AND RECTUM BASED ON 400 DISSECTIONS. ITS IMPORTANCE IN REGIONAL RESECTIONS: A REVIEW OF MEDICAL LITERATURE.

The variant blood supply to the descending colon, rectosigmoid and rectum based on 400 dissections. Its importance in regional resections: A review of medical literature Nicholas Michels;Padmanabhan Siddharth;Paul Kornblith;Wesley Parke; Diseases of the Colon & Rectum
Accentuating the Positive

Estimates vary, but it has been asserted that at any one time 20% of the population could benefit from professional mental health services. The risk of harm is everywhere and constant. Psychopathy seems to be increasing. Watching violence on television can lead to unfortunate observational learning. There is logical support for caution about and avoidance of the violence portrayed in modern-day mass media. Human beings have a fascination for violence, and death and destruction depicted in the so-called “entertainment” media, and these do not “cause” psychopathy. Individuals vary as to what they find reinforcing. Faulty parental oversight, chance occurrences, and individual differences can reinforce anti-social behavior.
Diagnostic Accuracy of FDG PET/CT in Suspected LVAD Infections: A Case Series, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe our experience with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) in diagnosing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) infections and perform a meta-analysis of published studies to determine overall diagnostic accuracy. Background Device-related infections are a common complication of LVADs and are linked to worse outcomes. Diagnosis of LVAD infections remains challenging. FDG PET/CT has demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy in several other infectious conditions. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective case series of FDG PET/CT scans in suspected LVAD infection between September 2015 and February 2018. A systematic review of PubMed from database inception through March 2018 was also conducted to identify additional studies. Results Nineteen FDG PET/CT scans were identified for the retrospective case series. The systematic review identified an additional 3 publications, for a total of 4 studies involving 119 scans assessing diagnostic performance. Axial (n = 36) and centrifugal (n = 83) flow LVADs were represented. Pooled sensitivity was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82% to 97%) and specificity was 83% (95% CI: 24% to 99%) for FDG PET/CT in diagnosing LVAD infections. Summary receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.95). Conclusions FDG PET/CT for suspected LVAD infections demonstrates good diagnostic accuracy, with overall high sensitivity but variable specificity.
Loss of Gadd45b Accelerates BCR-ABL-Driven CML

Abstract Gadd45b is a member of Gadd45 stress sensor protein family that also includes Gadd45a & Gadd45g. To investigate the effect of Gadd45b in bcr-abl oncogene driven chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) development, syngeneic wild type lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with either wild type or Gadd45b null myeloid progenitors transduced with a retroviral vector expressing BCR-ABL. Loss of Gadd45b was observed to accelerate BCR-ABL driven CML development with shortened median mouse survival time. BCR-ABL Gadd45b deficient CML progenitors exhibited increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, associated with hyper-activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and Stat5. These results provide novel evidence that gadd45b, like gadd45a, functions as a suppressor of BCR-ABL driven leukemia, albeit via a different mechanism. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.