cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rtg2 protein: At the nexus of yeast longevity and aging

Firm support for the notion that metabolism and particularly mitochondrial metabolism plays a significant role in aging has been gathered in studies on yeast. As in other organisms, mitochondria contribute to aging through their propensity to generate reactive oxygen species. There is more to the involvement of mitochondria in aging than this, however. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which accumulates during aging, triggers the retrograde response, an intracellular signaling pathway that activates genes that compensate for this dysfunction. A key signaling protein in this pathway is the Rtg2 protein. Recent studies have provided evidence that this protein lies at the nexus of the four major processes that are involved in aging in yeast and in other organisms; namely, metabolism, stress resistance, chromatin-dependent gene regulation, and genome stability. The details of this central role of Rtg2 protein explain the delicate balance between longevity and aging, which ultimately must tip towards the latter. Phenomena that resemble the retrograde response appear to exist in human cells, with both common and cell type-specific gene expression changes as the output.
Relative Positions in Visual Double Stars

The place of the fainter component, the ‘companion’ B, with respect to the brighter ‘primary’ star A, is obtained — by micrometer or interferometer — in polar coordinates: The position angle 0 is counted in degrees from North through East, South, West from 0° to 360°, and the separation (also called distance) ρ is given in arc sec (Figure 4). The conversion to rectangular coordinates x and y(in arc sec) as given by photographic measurements is: $$\begin{gathered} {\text{Declination difference}} x = \rho \cos \theta , \hfill \\ {\text{Right ascension difference }}y = \rho \cos \theta . \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ (3) (This definition of x, y is the common one in double-star practice but other areas of positional astronomy reverse it. Thus, if these symbols are used their definition should be watched.)
Preparation of quality control specimens for erythrocyte counting, hematocrit and hemoglobin determinations.

This report describes a new method for producing stable erythrocyte suspensions for use as laboratory quality controls in erythrocyte counting and hematocrit and hemoglobin determinations. The addition of adenine, hydrocortisone, Phenergan, and Cohn's (plasma) fraction IV to blood collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose solution has provided excellent cell stability. Erthyrocyte counts and hematocrit determinations were stable for a 30-day period. Interlaboratory variability among 16 reference laboratories was small. Variability of results with different electronic counters was also evaluated.
Different Population Survey of Health Education in Ruian

OBJECTIVE To determine the health education and health promotion of the overall situation at this stage in Ruian,exploring the city's health education model.METHODS Questionnaire survey is stratified and random sampling method in the form.The cases were 2 800 patients of primary,national staff,employees of township enterprises,women of childbearing,the elderly.Survey six categories health knowledge,health behaviors,health status and health information needs for the four major aspects of the investigation.RESULTS Health knowledge awareness and health behavior formation rate: the highest national staff,82.77% and 81.11%.Health status: 53.60% of employees feel good or very good quality of sleep,22.00% poor or very poor sleep quality in elderly people;46.47% of the students felt good or very good mood;24.05% of the students that they can not cope with stress;60.00% normal weight of national staff;38.57% of women of childbearing age are overweight or obese.Health information needs: 71.96% of people get health information through television.Students most want to have food safety and infectious disease prevention and control knowledge;high school students most want to have my health and adolescent mental health knowledge;employees most want to have knowledge of first aid and prevention of accidental injuries;elderly people most want to have knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control.DISCUSSION Health awareness and health behavior formation rate are lower than the the index requirements of national "disease prevention and control performance assessment".Health stutas is generally good,but there are still manyissues of concern.TV,newspapers are still all kinds of people the main way to get health information.The people of the health information needs is different content,food safety,infectious diseases,first aid prevention of accidental injury and mental health have the general concern.
Clinical Analysis of the Liver and Kidney Impairment among the Hg-Poisoned Patients

[Objective] To analyze the clinical data of 6 cases of liver and kidney impairment induced by Hg-poisoning, explore the poisoning mechanism and therapeutic methods and draw the attention of the clinical doctors to this matter. [Methods] Laboratorial examination and typical case analysis were made to testify the impairment of Hg poisoning on the patients' liver and kidney impairment. [Results] 6 out of 30 collected Hg-poisoned patients were found with liver and kidney impairment; the major manifestation of liver impairment was ALT increase and that of the kidney impairment were proximal convoluted tubule re-absorption function and β2 microglobulin (β2-M) content increase in urine. [Conclusion] Besides the clinical manifestations like oral cavity gingivitis, vibratory sense of eyelid, tongue finger and psychoneurotic symptoms, Hg-poisonings can also induce liver and kidney impairment, which should be taken into great consideration.
Quality of the Corporate Governance and the Impact on Its Key Stakeholders

The Topic I Have Chosen For My Research And Analysis Project Is: An Assessment Of The Quality Of The Corporate Governance Within An Organisation Andthe Impact On An Organisation’s Key Stakeholders.
Metal Binding Motifs in Cholinesterases and Neuroligins

Using the crystal structure templates for Torpedo californica and mouse acetylcholinesterases, we created a homology model of neuroligin. The α-β hydrolase fold characteristic of cholinesterase family reveals that the two molecules possess a common structural core with substantial residue identity and the divergences in sequence and structure appear mainly at the tips of the solvent-exposed loops. Although neuroligin lacks an active center serine at the homologous position, other features such as a gorge leading to the active center appear to be present in neuroligin. Using the Hidden Markov Model presentation, we find a putative EF-hand Ca2+ binding region in neuroligin between residues 409 and 437. This corresponds to the homologous region between residues 331 and 359 in Torpedo acetylcholinesterase and is the region of Zn2+ binding in the acetylcholinesterase crystals. Created Hidden Markov Models reveal that the EF-hand regions may be subdivided into extracellular and intracellular types, a distinction which may reflect the large differences in free Ca2+ in extracellular and intracellular locations. The majority of EF-hand proteins fall into the intracellular group, but extracellular EF-hand proteins are represented by neuroligin, osteonectin and acetylcholinesterase.
TlHgInS3: An Indirect-Band-Gap Semiconductor with X-ray Photoconductivity Response

The quaternary compound TlHgInS3 crystallizes in a new structure type of space group, C2/c, with cell parameters a = 13.916(3) A, b = 3.9132(8) A, c = 21.403(4) A, β = 104.16(3)°, V = 1130.1(8) A3, and ρ = 7.241 g/cm3. The structure is a unique three-dimensional framework with parallel tunnels, which is formed by ∞1[InS33–] infinite chains bridged by linearly coordinated Hg2+ ions. TlHgInS3 is a semiconductor with a band gap of 1.74 eV and a resistivity of ∼4.32 GΩ cm. TlHgInS3 single crystals exhibit photocurrent response when exposed to Ag X-rays. The mobility-lifetime product (μτ) of the electrons and holes estimated from the photocurrent measurements are (μτ)e ≈ 3.6 × 10–4 cm2/V and (μτ)h ≈ 2.0 × 10–4 cm2/V. Electronic structure calculations at the density functional theory level indicate an indirect band gap and a relatively small effective mass for both electrons and holes. Based on the photoconductivity data, TlHgInS3 is a potential material for radiation detection applications.
Shape modeling framework for brain and facial image analysis

The field of medical image analysis has greatly influenced the practice of neuroscience. Many studies aim to find new disease related anatomical characteristics based on the analysis of Magnetic Resonance images (MRI). Image segmentation is usually a fundamental step, in which brain structures of interest are delineated from MRI. Neuroscientists then categorize segmentations of anatomical structures by attributes such as shape, size, or location. Besides medical images, biometric images such as facial images are gaining more and more attention from clinical research because certain biometric features are also related to neurological diseases. Similar to brain morphology analysis, facial features are collected for studies testing the hypothesis that the disease alters the facial shape. Despite the rapid development of image analysis technologies, most clinical practice still relies on laborious manual. The aim of this thesis is to develop a shape modeling framework for brain and facial image analysis, for the purpose of clinical practice. Specifically, it focuses on the following three problems: (1) brain structure segmentation from MRI, where several deformable model based segmentation methods are proposed; (2) quantitative analysis of brain morphology, where methods for directly comparing 3D shapes of brain structures are proposed, and clinical applications are demonstrated; (3) facial morphology analysis, where an automatic facial feature localization method is proposed, and applied to the shape analysis of the eyes.
A generalized and explicit conceptual statement of the principle of the second law of thermodynamics

Abstract The Clausius Inequality, the fundamental statement of the second law of thermodynamics, focuses on the net entropy rejection by heat transfer out of a closed system operating in a cyclic manner. Recently, the Clausius Inequality was re-stated to correctly apply to systems regardless of the form of heat transfer, and in particular systems with radiative transfer. This is important for many engineering systems because all matter emits thermal radiation continuously due to non-zero temperature. Other statements of the second law also generally refer to heat transfer and heat engines. Of even greater importance, the focus is on equilibrium processes and relations, whereas actual engineering systems are overwhelmingly non-equilibrium by nature. Although not explicitly stated in the Clausius Inequality, the second law principle encompasses the universal approach to obtain uniformity or equilibrium, a state of maximum entropy or disorder. By nature this approach to equilibrium is through non-equilibrium processes that continuously produce entropy as they occur. This paper attempts to capture a more generalized conceptual statement of the second law, that explicitly states various aspects of the second law principle for the purposes of engineering education; a statement that applies to any scenario, system or process.
An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Evaluation and Management of Asthma in the Elderly

Asthma in the elderly (>65 yr old) is common and associated with higher morbidity and mortality than asthma in younger patients. The poor outcomes in this group are due, in part, to underdiagnosis and undertreatment. There are a variety of factors related to aging itself that affect the presentation of asthma in the elderly and influence diagnosis and management. Structural changes in the aging lung superimposed on structural changes due to asthma itself can worsen the disease and physiologic function. Changes in the aging immune system influence the cellular composition and function in asthmatic airways. These processes and differences from younger individuals with asthma are not well understood. Phenotypes of asthma in the elderly have not been clearly delineated, but it is likely that age of onset and overlap with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease impact disease characteristics. Physiologic tests and biomarkers used to diagnose and follow asthma in the elderly are generally similar to testing in yo...
La tumba de Meryra II en Tell el-Amarna (AT 2): una nueva aproximación arqueológico-filológica

This article sets out to propose a new interdisciplinary study of the Tomb of Meryra II (AT 2) in the northern necropolis of Tell el-Amarna. First, the archaeological context of the grave will be presented, then its archaeological features and dating criteria will be described. Subsequently, the tomb scenes will be interpreted, analyzing the different issues concerning them, and presenting the information regarding the social and political situation in Amarna extrapolated through the results. Finally a translation and grammatical analysis of the texts of the tomb is exposed. The hieroglyphic texts of the tomb are digitally transcribed for the first time using the program Jsesh.
Synchrotron radiation: earth, environmental and material sciences applications

This book is the latest in a series of volumes from by the Mineralogical Association of Canada presenting a range of science- and technique-based reviews in various areas of mineralogy. The present volume describes applications of synchrotron radiation (SR) to probe systems of relevance to the earth, environmental, and material sciences. Synchrotron radiation sources are well matched to many of the diverse needs of the earth and environmental science communities. There are, however, few comprehensive reviews that attempt to describe both the relevant fundamentals of synchrotron facilities and the application of SR techniques to the earth and environmental sciences. Although active SR scientists often rely on the 'X-ray data booklet' produced by the Center for X-ray Optics and the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, this compact booklet is not well suited as a general introduction. The present volume, a more elementary introduction to the characteristics of SR and its applications, is derived from a short course held at the University of Saskatoon (Canada) on May 25-26, 2002. In many ways, this volume acts as a 'calling card' for the new Canadian Light Source (CLS; currently under construction, to be commissioned by early 2004); it provides summariesmore » by Canadian-based SR scientists of the main techniques that will be employed at the CLS. The first two chapters provide background and overview. The subsequent chapters describe the following individual SR techniques that represent the traditional SR approaches to studies of materials: (1) the principles of powder and single-crystal diffraction; (2) the principles of X-ray absorption spectroscopy; (3) the X-ray interactions that led to the development of the X-ray microprobe; (4) a review of the principles of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; and (5) techniques to probe amorphous materials.« less
Contempt, Community, and the Interruption of Sense

In the early modern period, contempt emerged as a persistent theme in moral philosophy. Most of the moral philosophers of the period shared two basic commitments in their thinking about contempt. F...
Revisiting the indirect signs of a temporal bone fracture: air, air, everywhere

The standard head CT protocol makes detection of a temporal bone fracture difficult. The purposes of our study are to revisit the finding of air in various locations around the temporal bone as an indirect sign of fracture and determine if findings could predict fracture pattern. We searched the radiology reports for the keyword “temporal bone fracture.” We recorded the presence of air in multiple locations around the temporal bone and pneumocephalus, opacification of the mastoid air cells or the middle ear cavity, and dominant fracture pattern. Statistical analyses were performed using statistical software. A total of 135 patients (mean age 40 ± 20.1 years, 101 male, 34 female, range 1–91) had 152 fractures. At least one indirect finding was present in 143 (94.1%) fractures. Air was present adjacent to the styloid process in 94 (61.8%), in the temporomandibular joint in 80 (52.6%), adjacent to the mastoid process in 57 (37.5%), and along the adjacent dural venous sinus in 33 (21.7%) fractures. Mastoid opacification was present in 139 (91.4%) fractures. Opacification of the middle ear cavity was present in 121 (79.6%) fractures. A complex fracture significantly and positively correlated with pneumocephalus. In the setting of trauma, air around the temporal bone and opacification of the mastoid air cells or middle ear cavity should prompt consideration of a temporal bone fracture even if the fracture line is not visible. The presence of pneumocephalus predicts a higher chance of complex fracture pattern.
Abstract 256: Dysfunctional Cardiac Stem Cell Niches Condition the Aging of the Heart

The objective of this study was to determine whether aging of the heart is characterized by alterations in the cellular composition of cardiac niches and defective cardiomyogenesis. By employing a morphometric approach in which the three-dimensional structure of each niche was evaluated, we examined 40 and 20 cardiac niches in young and old Fischer 344 rats, respectively. Although a niche can include a single stem cell, clusters composed of three or more cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and early lineage committed cells (LCCs) were included in the analysis. LCCs expressed the stem cell antigen c-kit in combination with the marker of cardiac commitment GATA4. The average volume of the niches did not vary with age. Surprisingly, the number of lineage-negative CSCs increased from 4 to 28 months. Young niches contained 6 CSCs while old niches showed 10 CSCs. However, the fraction of CSCs positive for the senescence-associated marker p16INK4a increased 14-fold with age, from 6% to 85%. Corresponding values for LCCs were 8% and 82%. Apoptosis of CSCs-LCCs increased with age and was restricted to p16INK4a-positive-cells. However, the fraction of senescent CSCs-LCCs undergoing apoptosis decreased 3.5-fold with age: apoptosis was detected in 7% and 2% of p16INK4a positive CSCs-LCCs of young and old animals, respectively resulting in the accumulation of senescent cells.Freshly isolated CSCs proliferated in response to growth stimuli but this effect was attenuated in old cells. This finding was consistent with the decreased expression of the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) in senescent CSCs. Collectively, the accumulation of senescent CSCs and the poor response of p16INK4a-negative CSCs to growth stimuli determined the formation of dysfunctional niches. Abnormal niche turnover led to the generation of rapidly aging cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, the cellular composition of the niches varies with age. The decrease in the number of functionally-competent CSCs-LCCs together with the accumulation of senescent CSCs-LCCs limits the ability of CSC niches to repopulate the senescent ventricular myocardium.
Correspondence on Lovell et al.: response to Bornelöv et al.

While the analysis of Bornelov et al. is informative, they provide evidence for the existence of only 3% of the reported avian missing genes set, and thus do not significantly challenge our main findings that specific groups of syntenic protein-coding genes are missing in birds. This is a response to the Correspondence article: https://www.dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-017-1231-1
Emerging Issues in the Electronic Environment: Challenges for Librarians and Researchers in the Sciences

As we move further into the electronic world, distinct issues arise in each academic discipline, and nowhere are these more evident than in the sciences. This collection of articles addresses a wid...
Transforming Education by Embracing Bilingual Learners

AbstractThis commentary addresses the content of this issue from the perspective of educating bilingual learners. Several articles propose the kind of coursework and field experiences needed for the preparation of teacher candidates to be qualified to work effectively with bilingual populations. Others report on specific aspects of teacher preparation. The author proposes that teaching bilingual learners needs to be seen as an opportunity for improving the education of all students.
Inventory Control: Known Demand

This is the first of three chapters on fuzzy inventory control. We start with crisp known demand in this chapter followed by fuzzy demand in the next two chapters ending with allowing backorders in Chapter 22.
Inserting Inclusivity and Social Justice into Conceptualizations of Leadership for Early Childhood: Theoretical Anchors and Postfoundational Pedagogies for Inspiring Provocations in the Field

Increased public attention and investment in children’s first 5 years has reignited historical concerns about the lack of a formal pipeline for supporting leadership development within the field of early childhood. Critical analysis of the barriers described as undergirding this dearth of leadership highlights the need for expanded conceptualizations that more authentically capture the complex and diversified skills, knowledge, and dispositions enacted by early childhood professionals in contemporary contexts. Juxtaposing historical inequities, positioning ECE professionals outside the boundaries of leadership discourse with progress made to expand its definitions, an argument is made that we must continue to recast productions of leadership in early childhood using social justice discourse and critical theories as conceptual anchors leading to more equitable, inclusive, and diversified understandings. Contextualized narratives provide windows into the work—content explored, pedagogies employed, and reverberations rippling into the community—of one graduate program working to insert more equitable discourses of leadership into the field. Voices representing a diverse group of women and men, all full-time working professionals representing every sector of early childhood, relay the complexities, tensions, and promises in “becoming” leaders for social justice in early childhood.
The Occurrence of Lead in the Northeast Pacific and the Effects of Anthropogenic Inputs

After employing a special seawater sampler which strictly excludes artifact Pb-contamination, Pb profiles have been determined in the northeast Pacific revealing deep water concentrations as low as 1 ng/kg and surface concentrations between 5 and 14 ng/kg. The surface enrichment appears to be due to atmospheric input of anthropogenic lead. Mass balance flows of lead through North Pacific open ocean waters for both prehistoric and present times are depicted.
Noise in Integrated Circuits: — Mechanisms and Models

Noise in integrated circuits is one of the most important factors that determines the performance of low level integrated signal processing systems such as transducer, detector readout systems, AM/FM radio receivers, fiber optical receivers, etc. It represents a lower limit to the size of the electrical signal that can be handled by an integrated circuit without significant deterioration in signal quality. For example, the sensitivity of radio or fiber optical receivers are determined by the noise characteristics of front end circuits. Also, the resolutions of photo spectroscopy systems stand in direct relation with the noise of input charge sensitive amplifiers. Since the noise performance of any integrated systems is determined by the noise characteristic of the basic integrated components comprising the systems, such as MOS and BJT transistors, resistors, capacitors, etc, it is important to know the noise behaviour of each basic component in order to optimize the noise performance of the circuits.
Myoepithelial crowd control of cancer cells

Smooth muscle-like cells can actively remodel epithelia, a mechanism common across developing tissues. In this issue, new work from Sirka et al. (2018. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201802144) demonstrates a novel mechanism for tumor suppression by smooth muscle-like myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland.
Long-Term Outcomes Among Survivors of Childhood Central Nervous System Malignancies: Late Mortality, Subsequent Neoplasms, Endocrine and Neurologic Morbidity

According to the most recent estimates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), 74% of children younger than 20 years of age diagnosed with a central nervous system (CNS) malignancy will become 5-year survivors (Howlader et al. 2012). Current therapy for children with CNS malignancies often includes both surgical resection and a combination of CNS-directed radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy. Among survivors of all primary pediatric cancers, survivors of CNS malignancies are at the highest risk for late mortality (Mertens et al. 2001; Taylor and Potish 1985; Dama et al. 2006). Furthermore, survivors of CNS malignancies are at risk for developing subsequent neoplasms and chronic endocrine and neurologic conditions (Neglia et al. 2001; Broniscer et al. 2004; Cardous-Ubbink et al. 2007; Duffner et al. 1998; Devarahally et al. 2003; Peterson et al. 2006; Jenkinson et al. 2004; Hammal et al. 2005; Oeffinger et al. 2006; Packer et al. 2003; Gurney et al. 2003a). Documenting the incidence of and risk factors for these conditions in the second, third, and fourth decades of survival in this aging population is essential as future efforts to reduce late morbidity and mortality through modification and risk stratification of primary therapy, screening and early detection of late effects, and interventions to reduce risk and impact of late effects are dependent on identifying populations at highest risk for poor outcomes. Thus, while 5-year survival has improved, the patterns of late morbidity and mortality after exposure to multimodal therapy are only now being established as this population ages. Future studies will need to identify whether exposure to modern therapies (including focal RT for embryonal CNS tumors in infants, whole ventricular volume RT for germ cell tumors, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, among others) increases or decreases the risk of long-term morbidity and late mortality compared with patients treated in previous eras (Armstrong et al. 2009a).
Examining the Impact of Naturalistic and Unnaturalistic Environmental Enrichment on Visitor Perception of Naturalness, Animal Welfare, and Conservation

Recent research shows that using different types of enrichment has little to no impact on how zoo visitors perceive the animals or the enclosure in general. The primary objective of the current res...
Ostrowski type inequalities for functions whose derivatives are strongly $(\alpha,m)$-convex via k-Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals

In this paper, we provide some Ostrowski type integral inequalities for functions whose derivatives in absolute value at some powers are strongly $(\alpha,m)$-convex with modulus $\mu\geq0$ via the $k$-Riemann-Liouvile fractional integral. Similar results related to $(\alpha,m)$-convex functions are obtained as a particular case.
Phosphorylation Regulates CAP1 (Cyclase-Associated Protein 1) Functions in the Motility and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis among major malignancies, largely due to its highly invasive property and difficulty in early detection. Mechanistic insights into cancerous transformation and especially metastatic progression are imperative for developing novel treatment strategies. The actin-regulating protein CAP1 is implicated in human cancers, while the role still remains elusive. In this study, we investigated roles for CAP1 and its phosphor-regulation in pancreatic cancer cells. No evidence supports remarkable up-regulation of CAP1 in the panel of cancer cell lines examined. However, knockdown of CAP1 in cancer cells led to enhanced stress fibers, reduced cell motility and invasion into Matrigel. Phosphorylation of CAP1 at the S308/S310 tandem regulatory site was elevated in cancer cells, consistent with hyper-activated GSK3 reported in pancreatic cancer. Inhibition of GSK3, a kinase for S310, reduced cell motility and invasion. Moreover, phosphor mutants had defects in alleviating actin stress fibers and rescuing the reduced invasiveness in the CAP1-knockdown PANC-1 cells. These results suggest a required role for transient phosphorylation for CAP1 function in controlling cancer cell invasiveness. Depletion of CAP1 also reduced FAK activity and cell adhesion, but did not cause significant alterations in ERK or cell proliferation. CAP1 likely regulates cancer cell invasiveness through effects on both actin filament turnover and cell adhesion. Finally, the growth factor PDGF induced CAP1 dephosphorylation, suggesting CAP1 may mediate extracellular signals to control cancer cell invasiveness. These findings may ultimately help develop strategies targeting CAP1 or its regulatory signals for controlling the invasive cycle of the disease.
Socioeconomic Privilege and Meaningful Work: A Psychology of Working Perspective:

Surveying a diverse sample of working adults, the current study examined the role of socioeconomic privilege in workers’ desire for and experience of meaningful work. First, we tested for differenc...
Ontology alignment: A Content-Based Bayesian Approach

There are many legacy databases, and related stores of information that are maintained by distinct organizations, and there are other organizations that would like to be able to access and use those disparate sources. Among the examples of current interest are such things as emergency room records, of interest in tracking and interdicting illicit drugs, or social media public posts that indicate preparation and intention for a mass shooting incident. In most cases, this information is discovered too late to be useful. While agencies responsible for coordination are aware of the potential value of contemporaneous access to new data, the costs of establishing a connection are prohibitive. The problem grown even worse with the proliferation of ``hash-tagging,'' which permits new labels and ontological relations to spring up overnight. While research interest has waned, the need for powerful and inexpensive tools enabling prompt access to multiple sources has grown ever more pressing. This paper describes techniques for computing alignment matrix coefficients, which relate the fields or content of one database to those of another, using the Bayesian Ontology Alignment tool (BOA). Particular attention is given to formulas that have an easy-to-understand meaning when all cells of the data sources containing values from some small set. These formulas can be expressed in terms of probability estimates. The estimates themselves are given by a ``black box'' polytomous logistic regression model (PLRM), and thus can be easily generalized to the case of any arbitrary probability-generating model. The specific PLRM model used in this example is the BOXER Bayesian Extensible Online Regression model.
Mapping of the HIDRA stellarator magnetic flux surfaces

The Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications (HIDRA) is a classical stellarator designed for conducting plasma material interaction experiments and developing novel Plasma Facing Components (PFCs). Notably, the testing of two open-channel liquid lithium PFCs is imminent. Determining the shape of the plasma and its magnetic structure inside HIDRA is essential to carry out these tests. For this, electron traces were captured to build up the images of the HIDRA magnetic flux surfaces for several magnetic configurations, following the same procedure previously employed on the WEGA stellarator coupling an electron gun with a fluorescent detector. The FIELDLINES code has then been used to generate computational surfaces matching the experimental results. The obtained surfaces were found to be subject to a similar n = 1 error field as the one observed on WEGA, suggesting that the origin of this error field is inherent to the HIDRA vacuum vessel. Also, the effect of adding a vertical field was investigated, demonstrating the ability to radially shift the magnetic axis and move to a regime free of low-order rational resonances. This additional control over the HIDRA plasma and magnetic structure allows more freedom in setting up the PFC tests in the limiter and divertor regions.The Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications (HIDRA) is a classical stellarator designed for conducting plasma material interaction experiments and developing novel Plasma Facing Components (PFCs). Notably, the testing of two open-channel liquid lithium PFCs is imminent. Determining the shape of the plasma and its magnetic structure inside HIDRA is essential to carry out these tests. For this, electron traces were captured to build up the images of the HIDRA magnetic flux surfaces for several magnetic configurations, following the same procedure previously employed on the WEGA stellarator coupling an electron gun with a fluorescent detector. The FIELDLINES code has then been used to generate computational surfaces matching the experimental results. The obtained surfaces were found to be subject to a similar n = 1 error field as the one observed on WEGA, suggesting that the origin of this error field is inherent to the HIDRA vacuum vessel. Also, the effect of adding a vertical field was investi...
Mnemonic Similarity Task: A Tool for Assessing Hippocampal Integrity

The hippocampus is critical for learning and memory, relying in part on pattern separation processes supported by the dentate gyrus (DG) to prevent interference from overlapping memory representations. In 2007, we designed the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), a modified object recognition memory task, to be highly sensitive to hippocampal function by placing strong demands on pattern separation. The MST is now a widely used behavioral task, repeatedly shown to be sensitive to age-related memory decline, hippocampal connectivity, and hippocampal function, with specificity to the DG. Here, we review the utility of the MST, its relationship to hippocampal function, its utility in detecting hippocampal-based memory alterations across the lifespan, and impairments associated with clinical pathology from a variety of disorders.
Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Comparison of Electropalatography Treatment and Sound Production Treatment.

Purpose This investigation compared 2 treatment approaches for acquired apraxia of speech. The effects of a treatment that uses an articulatory–kinematic approach in conjunction with visual biofeed...
Uterine artery pulsatility index for the prediction of obstetrical complications in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes

Abnormal uterine artery Doppler studies have been associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction (FGR), placental abruption, and fetal demise. These obstetrical complic...
Biologic therapies for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disorder characterized by inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and fistulae. Patients tend to present in young adulthood and are predominan...
A Novel Laryngoscope With an Adjustable Distal Tip

Objectives Various laryngoscopes are currently available for supraglottic, glottic, and cervical esophageal exposure, yet none allow for adjustable articulation of the laryngoscope distal tip. We sought to create a new laryngoscope to improve anatomic field of view exposure. Study design Novel laryngoscope device validation study. Materials and methods Three-dimensional printed plastic and titanium prototype designs were created using Solidworks. Validation testing was performed in a cadaveric model. Optimal exposure of the cadaveric larynx and supraglottis was determined by ensuring the endoscope tip was exactly 2.5 cm from the level of the vocal cords. The prototype exposure (22-cm adjustable tip laryngoscope) was compared to the Weerda (18-cm distending laryngoscope) and Dedo (18-cm operating laryngoscope) laryngoscope exposures. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (L) exposure measurements were obtained from analysis of endoscopic images. Objective millimeter quantification was performed by pixel calibration to the known width of the vocal cord. Results The prototype provided 77.3-mm AP and 40.6-mm L exposure of the cadaveric larynx and supraglottis. These measurements were then compared to the exposure provided by the Weerda (49.9-mm AP, 40.4-mm L) and Dedo (15.7-mm AP, 18.6-mm L) laryngoscopes. The investigators found the prototype had similar handling characteristics to the Weerda laryngoscope and laryngeal instrumentation was enhanced due to a wider field of view. Conclusion This novel laryngoscope with an adjustable distal tip provides improved exposure of the supraglottis and glottis in a cadaveric study and has the potential to be used for both supraglottic/glottic and proximal esophageal procedures. Level of evidence 5 Laryngoscope, 2020.
Chapter 16 – Temporality

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on temporality. The claim that the semantics outlined in the chapter depends directly upon the conceptual representation of action and contingency suggests that this semantics is universal, despite considerable differences in its syntactic and morphological encoding across languages. It was observed in the case study given in chapter that the auxiliaries and inflections associated with verbs in Amerindian languages appeared to be semantically quite unlike the corresponding categories in English and other European languages. The Amerindian categories were more concerned with various aspects of the speakers' evidential and consequential relation to events, rather than the strictly temporal relations that were implicated in the corresponding devices of English. It was suggested in the chapter that these differences reflected differences in modes of thinking about events and time. The described work in the chapter suggests that such differences across languages are superficial. Ironically, the English tense/aspect system seems to be based on semantic primitives.
Economic precarity, social isolation, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Importance The US population faces stressors associated with suicide brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the relationship between stressors and suicidal ideation may inform policies and programs to prevent suicide. Objective To evaluate the relationship between stressors and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design We compared suicidal ideation in 2017-2018 to suicidal ideation in 2020. We estimated the association between stressors and suicidal ideation in bivariable and multivariable Poisson regression models with robust variance. Setting United States Participants Participants were from two, nationally representative surveys of US adults: The 2017-2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2020 COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being study (conducted March 31 to April 13), analyzed April 28 to September 30, 2020. Exposures Economic precarity as measured through job loss or difficulty paying rent and social isolation based on reporting “feeling alone.” Main outcome measure Suicidal ideation based on reporting “Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way” over the past two weeks. Results Suicidal ideation increased more than fourfold, from 3.4% in the 2017-2018 NHANES to 16.3% in the 2020 CLIMB survey, and from 5.8% to 26.4% among participants in low-income households. Suicidal ideation was more prevalent among people facing difficulty paying rent (31.5%), job loss (24.1%), and loneliness (25.1%), with each stressor associated with suicidal ideation in bivariable models. In the multivariable model, difficulty paying rent was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.1), while losing a job was not (aPR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.2). Feeling alone was associated with suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5 to 2.4). Conclusions and relevance Suicidal ideation increased more than fourfold during the COVID-19 pandemic. Difficulty paying rent and loneliness were most associated with suicidal ideation. Policies and programs to support people experiencing economic precarity and loneliness may contribute to suicide prevention.
Primary School Students Academic Achievement Motivation among Slow Learners in Relation to Their Location, Management and Family Income

Motivation is defined as an internal drive that activates behavior and gives it direction. The term motivation theory is concerned with the processes that describe why and how human behavior is activated and directed. It is regarded as one of the most important areas of study in the field of organizational behavior. Achievement signifies accomplishment or gain or a performance carried out successfully by an individual (or) group. Achievement means all those behavioral changes which take place in the individual as a result of learning experience of various kinds. The present study was conducted on 211 slow learners from Ranga Reddy district of Telangana State. The result reveals that there was a significant difference in academic achievement motivation with respect to location, management and family income among slow learners.
Prognosis for Survival after an Open Abomasal Surgery Following an Unsuccessful Toggle-Pin Fixation in Dairy Cows

Displaced abomasums are among the most common production-limiting conditions needing veterinary medical and surgical attention. Randomized clinical trials have shown an equally good prognosis for open surgical correction and toggle-pin fixation. Both procedures have advantages and disadvantages, complications and failures. There has been a perception that cows that have had toggle-pin fixation with bad outcomes may not be salvageable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of surgical correction following a failed roll-and-toggle procedure, and to identify prognostic indicators.
Clinical evaluation of non-contact infrared thermometers.

Non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) are being widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic as a temperature-measurement tool for screening and isolating patients in healthcare settings, travelers at ports of entry, and the general public. To understand the accuracy of NCITs, a clinical study was conducted with 1113 adult subjects using six different commercially available NCIT models. A total of 60 NCITs were tested with 10 units for each model. The NCIT-measured temperature was compared with the oral temperature obtained using a reference oral thermometer. The mean difference between the reference thermometer and NCIT measurement (clinical bias) was different for each NCIT model. The clinical bias ranged from just under − 0.9 °C (under-reporting) to just over 0.2 °C (over-reporting). The individual differences ranged from − 3 to + 2 °C in extreme cases, with the majority of the differences between − 2 and + 1 °C. Depending upon the NCIT model, 48% to 88% of the individual temperature measurements were outside the labeled accuracy stated by the manufacturers. The sensitivity of the NCIT models for detecting subject’s temperature above 38 °C ranged from 0 to 0.69. Overall, our results indicate that some NCIT devices may not be consistently accurate enough to determine if subject’s temperature exceeds a specific threshold of 38 °C. Model-to-model variability and individual model accuracy in the displayed temperature were found to be outside of acceptable limits. Accuracy and credibility of the NCITs should be thoroughly evaluated before using them as an effective screening tool.
iCaspase 9 Suicide Gene System

Although cellular therapies may be effective in cancer treatment, their potential for expansion, damage of normal organs, and malignant transformation is a source of concern. The ability to conditionally eliminate aberrant cells in vivo would ameliorate these concerns and broaden the application of cellular therapy. We devised an inducible T-cell safety switch that can be stably and efficiently expressed in human T cells without impairing phenotype, function, or antigen specificity. This system is based on the fusion of human caspase 9 to a modified human FK-binding protein, allowing conditional dimerization using a small-molecule drug. When exposed to a synthetic dimerizing drug, the inducible caspase 9 (iC9) becomes activated and leads to the rapid apoptosis of cells expressing this construct. We have demonstrated the clinical feasibility and efficacy of this approach after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (haplo-HSCT). A single dose of a small-molecule drug (AP1903) eliminated more than 90 % of the modified T cells within 30 min after administration and symptoms resolved without recurrence. This system has the potential to broaden the clinical applications of cellular therapy.
A shape-based approach to robust image segmentation

We propose a novel segmentation approach for introducing shape priors in the geometric active contour framework. Following the work of Leventon, we propose to revisit the use of linear principal component analysis (PCA) to introduce prior knowledge about shapes in a more robust manner. Our contribution in this paper is twofold. First, we demonstrate that building a space of familiar shapes by applying PCA on binary images (instead of signed distance functions) enables one to constrain the contour evolution in a way that is more faithful to the elements of a training set. Secondly, we present a novel region-based segmentation framework, able to separate regions of different intensities in an image. Shape knowledge and image information are encoded into two energy functionals entirely described in terms of shapes. This consistent description allows for the simultaneous encoding of multiple types of shapes and leads to promising segmentation results. In particular, our shape-driven segmentation technique offers a convincing level of robustness with respect to noise, clutter, partial occlusions, and blurring.
Neuroendocrine control of energy homeostasis: update on new insights.

Recent upsurge in research has uncovered distinct circuitries that regulate appetite, energy expenditure and fat accrual under the supervision of hormonal feedback signalling of adipocyte leptin and gastric ghrelin in the hypothalamic integration of energy homeostasis. A host of messenger molecules of diverse chemical composition and origin mediate the crosstalk between the three circuitries. Leptin is now recognized as the mandatory afferent signal in maintenance of weight homeostasis. Leptin insufficiency in the hypothalamus due to diminished transport of leptin across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) imposed by environmental causes, such as consumption of energy-enriched diets and diminished energy expenditure, orchestrates unregulated fat accrual and the attendant disease cluster of metabolic syndrome. Bioavailability of leptin selectively in the hypothalamic targets with the aid of gene therapy successfully averted the environmentally induced metabolic afflictions and normalized lifespan. Thus, sustenance of optimal sufficiency in leptin signalling solely in the hypothalamus is a novel strategy to combat the worldwide epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome.