cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring teacher non-cognitive skills and its impact on students: Insight from the Measures of Effective Teaching Longitudinal Database

Abstract Despite research showing labor-market returns to non-cognitive skills, we lack research on how teachers’ noncognitive skills relate to other available measures of teacher quality and student outcomes because datasets typically do not contain explicit measures of these skills. We overcome this limitation by validating several performance-task measures of teacher conscientiousness based upon the effort that teachers exert while completing a survey. We conduct our analysis using the Measures of Effective Teaching Longitudinal Database where teachers were randomly assigned to their classrooms in the second year of the study. We overcome issues of non-compliance by exploiting the random assignment in an instrumental variables approach to estimate the causal impacts of teachers on their students’ outcomes during the second year of the MET project. We find suggestive evidence that measures of teacher survey effort capture important dimensions of teacher quality. These measures present small but significant correlations with classroom-observation measures and principal ratings of teacher quality and are predictive of student cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. Moreover, survey-effort measures capture teacher effects on students that are not necessarily captured by other available measures of teacher quality.
Blood Management in the Liver Transplant Patient

Hemostatic management for liver transplantation requires understanding the changes in physiology and coagulation status of patients with end stage liver disease. In addition, it requires anticipation of the surgical stages and their hemodynamic and metabolic effects. Although standard laboratory testing may indicate a bleeding risk, clinical evidence and point of care viscoelastic testing show that a balanced decrease in synthesis of pro- and anti-coagulant factors in patients with end stage liver disease generally results in a state of relative homeostasis termed “rebalanced hemostasis.” However, this balance is fragile and places patients at risk of developing either hypo- or hyper-coagulable states which may lead to bleeding or thrombosis. Anatomical complexity secondary to portal hypertension also contributes to the increased risk of hemorrhage during transplant. Several different products and blood management techniques may be useful to help control commonly faced hemostatic problems during liver transplantation.
Extraction of polygenetic natural dyes from Cordyline fruticosa & Mussaenda erythrophylla for textile substrates.

In the present study, cotton, silk and polyester yarns were dyed with the aqueous extracts of natural dyes from the pink leaves of Cordyline fruticosa and red sepals of Mussaenda erythrophylla. The...
Innate IL-13 licenses dermal type 2 dendritic cells for efficient T helper 2 cell responses.

A preprint by Mayer et al. reveals the role played by environmental IL-13 in shaping the balance of type 2 dendritic cell molecular composition in the dermis.
Retrospective Analysis of the Risk Factors of Peri-implantitis

Aim and objective Peri-implantitis is a key concern for dental implants and the main common reason for implant failure. This investigation evaluated the risk factors and their implications on peri-implantitis. Materials and methods A retrospective search of the patients' clinical notes was performed to identify the documented cases of peri-implantitis. The inclusion criteria encompassed patients who were 18 years and older and were seen at the School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, from January 2014 through September 2018. The search revealed that the number of peri-implantitis cases was 28, with an overall 45 implants. Data were collected and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results Total 28 patients presented with peri-implantitis. The distribution of males to females with peri-implantitis was 60.7 and 39.3%, respectively. The highest number of patients (21.4%) presenting with peri-implantitis fell within the age range of 65-69 years; 53.3% of peri-implantitis cases were in the maxillary arch. The predilection area for peri-implantitis was the mandibular first molar (24.4%). Periodontitis was the most significant cause (60.7%); respiratory diseases (42.9%) followed by hypertension (28.6%) were the most prevalent medical conditions in the studied population. Peri-implantitis occurred most frequently among Caucasians (62.7%), followed by Hispanics (29%). Conclusion Within the limitations of the current evaluation, findings support previous claims that periodontitis remains the strongest predictor of peri-implantitis. A correlation may exist between peri-implantitis and the location of the implant and respiratory disease. Clinical significance The implant location, the presence of periodontitis, and respiratory diseases are considered to be risk factors for peri-implantitis.
Extreme conservation encodes the structural dynamics and function of 5' UTRs.

RNA is dynamic and can fold into multiple alternative conformations. A new study shows that cells control mRNA translation by regulating the stoichiometry of alternative RNA structures formed from extremely conserved sequences of 5′ untranslated regions and that this control may contribute to embryonic development.
Protected areas safeguard landbird populations in central coastal California: Evidence from long-term population trends

Many bird populations have experienced population declines across North America over the past several decades. The establishment of protected areas has been used as a conservation action to maintain or help in the recovery of these populations; however, the effectiveness of protected areas in safeguarding bird populations within their borders from negative impacts to populations in surrounding unprotected areas has rarely been evaluated. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas in the San Francisco Bay Area of California for landbirds. We conducted point count surveys along riparian corridors in coastal Marin County in protected areas, predominately national parks, and estimated the population growth rates for 14 species over 23 years. We compared these growth rates to North American Breeding Bird Survey growth rate estimates from the Coastal California and the Northern Pacific Rainforest Bird Conservation Regions, which comprise larger, regional populations. A safeguarding effect was detected for 9 of the 14 species. We expected an effect on species strongly associated with riparian vegetation, which has incurred significant loss and degradation in the region; however, we instead observed benefits to general riparian users that were at least as great as the benefits to strong riparian specialists. We also expected that populations of resident species might benefit more than migrants; however, we found strong support for a safeguarding effect for both groups. Species with increasing growth rates in coastal Marin County protected areas in comparison to regionally stable or decreasing populations demonstrate the potential for protected areas to not only maintain populations despite declines outside their boundaries but also to help them recover from current and previous losses. Continuing long-term monitoring and associated full life cycle research will help identify if and when other drivers (e.g., climate change) may weaken these safeguarding effects, or when additional conservation and management is warranted. LAY SUMMARY Designating protected areas has long been assumed to be an effective conservation tool and benefit bird populations within their borders, with very few studies evaluating this assumption. We tested the assumption by determining population trends for landbird species in protected areas in central coastal California using point count surveys and comparing our results to regional trends. Nine out of 14 species benefited from being inside protected areas with their population trends being more positive than the regional trends. Our study provides support for the effectiveness of designating protected areas as a conservation tool. We call for expanded long-term monitoring as well as exploration of reasons why the safeguarding effect was not universal and what actions are needed.
Oxalate nephropathy in systemic sclerosis: Case series and review of the literature.

Abstract Objective To increase awareness of oxalate nephropathy as a cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) among systemic sclerosis patients with small intestinal dysmotility and malabsorption, and to prompt consideration of dietary modification and early treatment of predisposing causes of oxalate nephropathy in this population. Methods Two cases of biopsy-proven oxalate nephropathy were identified among systemic sclerosis patients in the course of direct clinical care. Subsequently, a retrospective search of the Johns Hopkins Pathology databases identified a third patient with systemic sclerosis who developed oxalate nephropathy. Results Among the three patients with qualifying biopsies, all three had systemic sclerosis with lower gastrointestinal involvement. All three presented with diarrhea, malabsorption, and AKI. In two of the three patients, diarrhea was present for at least 2 years before the development of AKI; in the third, incidental oxalate nephropathy was noted 3 years before she developed AKI and extensive oxalate nephropathy in the setting of a prolonged mycobacterium avium-intracellulare enteritis. In the first case, oxalate crystals were present by urinalysis months before diagnosis by biopsy; in the second, hyperoxaluria was diagnosed by urine collection immediately after; and in the third, oxalate crystals had been noted incidentally on post-transplant renal biopsy 3 years before the development of fulminant oxalate nephropathy. All three patients died within a year after diagnosis. Conclusions Patients with systemic sclerosis and bowel dysmotility associated with chronic diarrhea and malabsorption may be at risk for an associated oxalate nephropathy. Regular screening of systemic sclerosis patients with small bowel malabsorption syndromes through routine urinalysis or 24-h urine oxalate collection, should be considered. Further studies defining the prevalence of this complication in systemic sclerosis, the benefit of dietary modification on hyperoxaluria, the effect of treating small intestinal bowel overgrowth with antibiotics, and the effectiveness of probiotics, calcium supplements, or magnesium supplements to prevent hyperoxaluria-associated renal disease in these patients, are warranted.
Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: Their Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

This chapter covers the current understanding of the biochemical and genetic underpinnings relevant to ammonia oxidation by aerobic bacteria. Ammonia is released into the environment mainly from the decay of organic matter or from the use of NH3-based fertilizers in agriculture and serves as an N supply to plants and microorganisms. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA), and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria can derive energy for growth from the oxidation of NH3. Bacterium has the advantages of growing relatively rapid for an AOB and being able to tolerate high concentrations of ammonium (up to 100 mM) and nitrite. The genomes of AOB also show that all encode four specialized proteins perform the oxidation of NH3: ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO), and cytochromes c554 (cyt c554) and cm552 (cyt cm552). The electron transport chain of N. europaea has the same major electron transfer complexes as the electron transport chain of mitochondria.
Isolation of histone kinases.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses isolation of histone kinases. The procedure described in this chapter allows the purification of three distinct histone kinases, each of which catalyzes the phosphorylation of H1 histone at a specific site or group of sites. The resulting enzymes are not purified to homogeneity. However, each preparation is substantially free of the other histone kinases and is low in protease and phosphatase activity. The purified enzymes are suitable for the preparation of substantial quantities (batches of 50 mg are quite practical) of H1 histone phosphorylated in specific sites for sequencing studies, for physical studies of H1–DNA interactions and for use as substrates for the detection and characterization of histone phosphatases. This enzyme is purified to homogeneity in a number of laboratories. The procedure described in the chapter is modified from an earlier method and provides a useful partially purified preparation.
Visualizing induced fit in early assembly of the human signal recognition particle.

Assembly of almost all ribonucleoprotein complexes involves induced fit in the RNA and, thus, formation of one or more intermediate states. In assembly of the human signal recognition particle (SRP), we show that SRP19 binding to SRP RNA involves obligatory intermediates. An apparent discrepancy exists between the ratio of dissociation and association rate constants, determined in a partitioning experiment, and the equilibrium binding constant; this kinetic signature reflects formation of a stable intermediate in assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. Assembly intermediates were observed directly by time-resolved footprinting. SRP19 binds rapidly to SRP RNA to form an initial labile, but structurally specific, encounter complex involving both helices III and IV. Two subsequent steps of structural consolidation yield the native RNA–protein interface. SRP19 binding stabilizes helix IV in the region recognized by SRP54, consistent with protein–protein cooperativity mediated in part by mutual recognition of similar RNA structures. This mechanism illustrates principles general to ribonucleoprotein assembly reactions that rely on recruitment of architectural RNA binding proteins.
Ultra-pure single-mode photon generation in high-Q silicon microdisks

We report ultra-pure single-mode photon generation through four-wave mixing in high-Q silicon microdisks. The cross correlation of photon pairs peaks over 25,000 and the self correlations of both photon modes peak around 1.8.
Electron Spin Resonance Studies with Dioldehydrase: EVIDENCE FOR RADICAL INTERMEDIATES IN REACTIONS CATALYZED BY COENZYME B12

Abstract When 1,2-propanediol is added to dioldehydrase-coenzyme B12, electron spin resonance signals appear which indicate the presence of at least two paramagnetic species. One signal, at g = 2.2, is attributed to Co(II) of B12(r). Other signals, at g ≈ 2.0, which show different power saturation behavior, are tentatively assigned to organic radicals, possibly derived from the substrate and the adenosyl moiety of the coenzyme. The occurrence of such species is in accord with a previously proposed mechanism (Finlay, T. H., Valinsky, J., Sato, K., and Abeles, R. H. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 4197–4207). Integration of the signal indicates that approximately 0.75 unpaired electrons are present per molecule of enzyme-coenzyme complex. Signals with similar but not identical g values were obtained with the substrate analogues chloroacetaldehyde and glycolaldehyde. With chloroacetaldehyde the signal at g = 2.0 shows pronounced fine structure and non-uniform saturation behavior, confirming the multiplicity and substrate dependence of this signal. With both substrate analogues nearly two unpaired electrons are detected per molecule of enzyme-coenzyme complex. The paramagnetic species have only a small effect on the longitudinal relaxation rate of the water protons, suggesting that they are shielded from the solvent. The distance of closest approach of the water protons to the paramagnetic center was estimated to be 10.2 A. These experiments established that dioldehydrase can bring about the homolytic cleavage of the carbon-cobalt bond of coenzyme B12 and suggest the possibility that radical species may be intermediates in the catalytic reaction. A kinetic analysis will be required to establish conclusively that the radicals play a significant role in the catalytic process.
CARBONATIC NIOBIUM-RARE EARTH DEPOSITS. RAVALLI COUNTY, MONTANA

Carbonatic Nb-RE deposits of Ravalli County. Montana, contain chiefly dolomite and Sr-Ba calcite and variable amounts of biotite. chlorite, actinollte, allanite, quartz, barite. apatite. monazite. pyrite, magnetite. and colundbite. Rarer unusual constituents are ancylite. fersmite. niobian i-utile. eschynite. andradite. glaucophane. and wollastonite. The tabular deposits which are in pre- Beltian hornblendic melanmorphic rocks are an inch to l0 feet thick, as much as 450 feet long, and crosscutting as well as confornmable. They range in texture and composition from metasomatized marble layers to banded, comb-structure veins, resulting from the action of hydrothermal solutions of alkallc derivation, w-hich supplied mainly Sr. Ba, RE, Nb. and S. (auth)
Negotiating the Tensions in Patient-Centered Care

RESULTS Patients reported significantly better compassion scores after watching the more optimistic video as compared with the less optimistic video (median [interquartile range], 15 [5-23] vs 23 [10-31]; P < .001). There was a sequence effect favoring the second video on both compassion scores (P < .001) and physician preference (P < .001). Higher perception of compassion was found to be associated with greater trust in the medical profession independent of message type: 63 patients observing the more optimistic message ranked the physician as trustworthy vs 39 after the less optimistic message (P = .03).
An intact connexin43 is required to enhance signaling and gene expression in osteoblast-like cells.

The cytoplasmic C-terminus of connexin43 (Cx43) interacts with numerous signaling complexes. We hypothesize that signal complex docking to the Cx43 C-terminus (CT) is required to propagate the molecules being shared by gap junctions. We have previously shown that Cx43 impacts the responsiveness of osteoblasts to FGF2 in a PKCδ- and ERK-dependent manner, converging on Runx2 activity. Here, we mapped the interaction domain of Cx43 and PKCδ to amino acids 243–302 of the Cx43 CT by GST pulldown assay. Using Runx2-responsive luciferase reporter assays, a Cx43 deletion construct (Cx43 S244Stop), which lacks the C-terminus (amino acids 244 to 382), failed to support the Cx43-dependent potentiation of transcription following FGF2 treatment in MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells. Similarly, overexpression of Cx43 S244Stop could not mimic the ability of the full length Cx43 to stimulate expression of osteoblast genes. In contrast to full length Cx43, overexpression of just the Cx43 CT (amino acids 236 to 382) inhibited both transcription from a Runx2 reporter and signaling via PKCδ and ERK. Inhibition of signaling by the CT did not occur in HeLa cells, which lack endogenous Cx43. In summary, the data support a model in which an intact Cx43 is required for both signal propagation/permeability (i.e., channel function) and local recruitment of signaling complexes to the CT (i.e., docking function) in order to mediate its cellular effects. Further, while the CT alone has channel independent activity, it is opposing to the effect of overexpression of the full length Cx43 channel.
Reduction of power and test time by removing cluster of don't-care from test data set

Reduction of power dissipation and test time is accomplished by forming two clusters of don't-care inside an input and a response test cube, respectively. These clusters are out of the scan operation.
The Financial Case for Patient-Centered Interdisciplinary Teams in the United Kingdom

This column is about the financial and human benefits of effective interdisciplinary healthcare teams approach and the use of the humanbecoming school of thought in head and neck oncology in the United Kingdom. Included is a brief comparison with oncology treatment in the United States.
A theoretical investigation of thermodynamic effects on developed cavitation

The results of a theoretical investigation of thermodynamic effects on developed cavitation are presented. An approximate solution to the conservation equations for a two-phase laminar boundary layer is obtained. This analysis produces an expression for the temperature difference between the liquid and vapor phases which can be applied to developed cavity flows. Experimental data of cavity temperature depressions are correlated using this result. In addition, a theoretical estimate of the Nusselt number for the cavity is made using a turbulent boundary layer cavity model proposed by Brennen. The result agrees in part with empirically determined expressions for the cavity Nusselt number.
Polycystins: inhibiting the inhibitors

Polycystin-1 and -2 — two integral membrane proteins that are mutated in polycystic kidney disease — regulate the cell cycle by preventing nuclear localization of the pro-proliferative helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein Id2. This novel mechanism for restraining Id proteins has important implications for our understanding of the nature of polycystic kidney disease and perhaps other proliferative disorders.
Abstract 901: Mitotic kinase inhibitors synergize with PI3K and Akt inhibitors in a novel model of anaplastic thyroid carcinomas

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, and often derives from pre-existing well-differentiated tumors. Despite a relatively low prevalence, it accounts for a disproportionate number of thyroid cancer-related deaths, due to its resistance to any therapeutic approach. We have generated a mouse model in which the simultaneous selective activation of the PI3K pathway and inactivation of p53 in the thyroid epithelial cells leads to the development of ATCs. These tumors display all the features of their human counterpart, including pleomorphism, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, aneuploidy, local invasion and distant metastases. Expression profiling of the murine ATCs reveals a significant overlap with genes found deregulated in human ATC, including genes involved in mitosis control, such as Aurora kinase A (AURKA), its co-activator TPX2, and Polo like kinase-1 (PLK1). These proteins are crucial driving forces for normal mitotic spindle formation, centrosome maturation and separation, and their overexpression has been demonstrated in a wide range of tumors. MLN8237 (AURKA inhibitor), TAK960 and GSK461364 (PLK1 inhibitors) are a promising new generation of anti-mitotic agents. We show that these molecules inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell death in mouse ATC-derived cell lines and in the human ATC cell lines CAL62 and C643. A dose-dependent decrease in the degree of chromosome alignment and spindle bipolarity during mitosis is observed after the treatments, together with a change in mitotic index indicated by the decrease of the mitotic marker pHisH3. FACS analysis reveals a G2/M phase arrest followed by apoptosis. Furthermore, small molecule inhibitors of PI3K or AKT potently synergize with these anti-mitotic compounds. Taken together these data suggest that AURKA and PLK1 inhibitors are promising therapeutic agents against undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells, and that concurrent inhibition of key driver pathways is a viable option to increase efficacy in this otherwise invariably lethal cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 901. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-901
Factors influencing fish distribution in two desert reservoirs, Central Arizona

Fishes introduced into western reservoirs are intrinsically shallow-water, littoral inhabitants and remain so because of inherent limnological factors characteristic of mid-latitude lentic systems. Depth of euphotic zone and thermocline and dissolved oxygen concentrations limited the majority (90%) of fish in two desert reservoirs to the upper 10 m of water.
Increased Permeability-Glycoprotein Inhibition at the Human Blood–Brain Barrier Can Be Safely Achieved by Performing PET During Peak Plasma Concentrations of Tariquidar

The permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter is densely expressed at the blood–brain barrier, and its resultant spare capacity requires substantial blockade to increase the uptake of avid substrates, blunting the ability of investigators to measure clinically meaningful alterations in P-gp function. This study, conducted in humans, examined 2 P-gp inhibitors (tariquidar, a known inhibitor, and disulfiram, a putative inhibitor) and 2 routes of administration (intravenous and oral) to maximally increase brain uptake of the avid and selective P-gp substrate 11C-N-desmethyl-loperamide (dLop) while avoiding side effects associated with high doses of tariquidar. Methods: Forty-two 11C-dLop PET scans were obtained from 37 healthy volunteers. PET was performed with 11C-dLop under the following 5 conditions: injected under baseline conditions without P-gp inhibition, injected 1 h after intravenous tariquidar infusion, injected during intravenous tariquidar infusion, injected after oral tariquidar, and injected after disulfiram. 11C-dLop uptake was quantified with kinetic modeling using metabolite-corrected arterial input function or by measuring the area under the time–activity curve in the brain from 10 to 30 min. Results: Neither oral tariquidar nor oral disulfiram increased brain uptake of 11C-dLop. Injecting 11C-dLop during tariquidar infusion, when plasma tariquidar concentrations reach their peak, resulted in a brain uptake of the radioligand approximately 5-fold greater than baseline. Brain uptake was similar with 2 and 4 mg of intravenous tariquidar per kilogram; however, the lower dose was better tolerated. Injecting 11C-dLop after tariquidar infusion also increased brain uptake, though higher doses (up to 6 mg/kg) were required. Brain uptake of 11C-dLop increased fairly linearly with increasing plasma tariquidar concentrations, but we are uncertain whether maximal uptake was achieved. Conclusion: We sought to increase the dynamic range of P-gp function measured after blockade. Performing 11C-dLop PET during peak plasma concentrations of tariquidar, achieved with concurrent administration of intravenous tariquidar, resulted in greater P-gp inhibition at the human blood–brain barrier than delayed administration and allowed the use of a lower, more tolerable dose of tariquidar. On the basis of prior monkey studies, we suspect that plasma concentrations of tariquidar did not fully block P-gp; however, higher doses of tariquidar would likely be associated with unacceptable side effects.
A specific test for polycythemia vera

Distinguishing between polycythemia vera (PV) and other polycythemic disorders can be very challenging. Although the diagnosis of PV may be straightforward if patients have the classic criteria as defined by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group, often patients present with an incomplete phenotype. Thus
The role of ambiguity in manipulating voter behavior

In the standard account of ambiguous political rhetoric, ambiguity is equated with voter uncertainty: a politician takes an ambiguous stance on an issue by announcing to the voters a lottery over the positions he might take on that issue. The present account equates ambiguity with multiple meanings: a politician takes an ambiguous stance on an issue if his rhetoric admits of different meanings in different contexts. The linguistic account of ambiguity is based upon the formal logical concept of a piecewise definition. Piecewise defined terms provide the politician with the means of uttering statements each of which has seperate meanings for different voters. This paper formalizes the multiple-meaning account of ambiguity and traces the implications of the formalization for political strategy. The findings are: ambiguous rhetoric is often optimal; the conditions under which it is optimal are simple; and the selection of optimal ambiguous rhetoric is rarely simple.
Incorporation of peierls stress into deformation mechanism maps

Crystalline materials deform plastically by a number of alternative, often competing, mechanisms. For engineering and geological applications, it is essential to know the conditions under which a specific mechanism is dominant over others. Deformation mechanism maps offer such information in a compact diagrammatic form. Existing deformation maps usually include mechanisms such as power law (P-L) dislocation creep and diffusional creep. Harper-Dorn (H-D) creep which is a Newtonian dislocation creep, and grain boundary sliding creep were scarcely considered because of unavailability of experimental data. For dislocation creep, in a manner similar to diffusional creep, the rate equation is also determined from experimental data. Consequently, existing mechanism maps were mainly constructed for specific materials under conditions. Recently, the knowledge of P-L creep and H-D creep has been greatly expanded, in particular, the transition from P-L creep to H-D creep. It is now possible to predict reasonably these two kinds of creep, and therefore to construct a generalized deformation mechanism map, independent of materials. The objective of this paper is to construct such generalized mechanism maps.
A strategy to end parole dependency

This article explores the moral, political, economic and philosophical reasons for the expansion of the prisoner re-entry industry in the United States over the last several years. Tracing the influence of the military-industrial-prison complex and its mindset of “crackpot-cynical” realism rooted in a fear-based model of human nature, it argues that the very system and policies set up to control the “problem” of crime has led to an exacerbation of it, creating an ever-expanding, permanent “industry” that has traumatized both ‘ruler and ruled’ in a never-ending cycle of pain, mistrust, moral numbness and dysfunctional dependency. The article attempts to unite political and spiritual progressives and begin the mobilization necessary for radical structural and moral changes harkening back to the dissensus politics and ‘spiritual toughness’ of the civil rights and welfare rights tradition of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PICHIA ISOLATED FROM SLIME FLUXES OF DECIDUOUS TREES.

Two new homothallic species ofPichia, associated with exudates ofPopulus trichocarpa andSalix sp. have been described.Pichia trehalophila sp.n. was isolated from slime exudates in two widely separatedPopulus trichocarpa trees andPichia salictaria sp.n. was isolated from two exudates ofSalix sp. The latter species was previously present as an unidentified strain ofPichia in the culture collection of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures and had been isolated from a patient in Germany. The natural habitat ofP. salictaria is considered to be in association with willow trees.
Multimodal knowledge capture from text and diagrams

Many information sources use multiple modalities, such as textbooks, which contain both text and diagrams. Each captures information that is hard to express in the other, and evidence suggests that multimodal information leads to better retention and transfer in human learners. This paper describes a system that captures textbook knowledge, using simplified English text and sketched versions of diagrams. We present experimental results showing it can use captured knowledge to answer questions from the textbook's curriculum.
Uniqueness and existence for nth-order right focal boundary value problems

Abstract Assuming f is bounded and solutions to the linearized equation are unique, the uniqueness and existence of solutions is established for solutions of the equation y ( n ) = f ( t , y , y ′,…, y ( n −1) ) subject to the right focal boundary conditions.
The World Bank and education: critiques and alternatives

As clearly stated in the introduction: ‘this book brings together for the first time a group of some of the most widely known observers of the World Bank’s (WB) education policy’ (xvi) who are know...
Habituation of attention to irrelevant stimuli in elementary school children

Abstract The present paper proposes that habituation of attention to irrelevant information can account for within-task improvement in selective attention. According to this hypothesis, children who are preexposed to stimuli that will later be irrelevant in a speeded classification task will experience less interference than children not given the opportunity to habituate. Each of 240 elementary school children representing two age levels served in one of three experimental conditions. All children did a “preexposure” task; however, in only one condition were they exposed to the irrelevant stimuli from speeded classification. The other groups saw either different background stimuli or no background stimuli. The speeded classification task followed in which times to sort with and without irrelevant stimuli were compared. Although interference from irrelevant stimuli varied with age, results for both ages supported the habituation hypothesis. The findings have implications for concepts of attentional development.
Combined Experimental and Computational Studies on the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Renewable Amide, 3‐Acetamido‐5‐acetylfuran

The pK(a) of 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF) was predicted to be in the range 18.5-21.5 by using the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) method and several amides as references. The experimental pK(a) value, 20.7, was determined through UV/Vis titrations. Its solubility was measured in methanol-modified supercritical CO2 (mole fraction, 3.23×10(-4), cloud points 40-80 °C) and it was shown to be less soluble than 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). Dimerization energies were calculated for 3A5AF and 5-HMF to compare hydrogen bonding, as such interactions will affect their solubility. Infrared and (1) H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 3A5AF samples support the existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and electrostatic potential of 3A5AF were determined through molecular orbital calculations using B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p). The π-π* transition energy (time-dependent density functional theory study) was compared with UV/Vis data. Calculated atomic charges were used in an attempt to predict the reactivity of 3A5AF. A reaction between 3A5AF and CH3MgBr was conducted. As 3A5AF is a recently developed renewable compound that has previously not been studied extensively, these studies will be helpful in designing future reactions and processes involving this molecule.
Spin-Lattice Relaxation

The measurement of electron spin-lattice relaxation times for paramagnetic crystals at low temperatures is complicated by the fact that the spin specific heat can be much larger than the lattice specific heat. At low temperatures direct processes dominate in the spin-lattice relaxation mechanism and evidence exists that indicates that only a narrow portion of the phonon spectrum takes part in the relaxation processes. This situation is not encompassed by usual treatments of the spin-lattice problem and a microscopic treatment is presented which allows for this selective excitation of the phonon spectrum. It is pointed out that phonon relaxation times can be the dominant quantity measured in the usual saturation spin-lattice relaxation measurements. The analysis indicates how pulse measurements may be used to evaluate the actual spin-lattice relaxation time independent of the phonon relaxation time. A discussion of some conditions under which the concept of temperature may be applied to quantum-mechanical systems interacting with electromagnetic fields, such as in solid-state amplifiers or absorbers, is given.
Obstetric patient satisfaction: asking patients what they like.

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to determine pertinent attributes of women's hospital experience related to the delivery of their children and to use open-ended responses from women to develop a taxonomy for classifying patient satisfaction in obstetrics. Study design By using clinimetric methods, we interviewed 67 obstetric patients during their postpartum hospital stays, asking open-ended questions about their satisfaction with care. Responses were transcribed, arranged into distinct groups, and organized as a taxonomy of patient satisfaction. Results The final taxonomy derived from patient responses was divided into six main axes related to physicians, nurses, other staff, special services, hospital attributes, and personal focus; a total of 51 individual items were identified related to patient satisfaction. These items have face validity, and many are not routinely included in assessments of patient satisfaction. Conclusion A simple strategy of using open-ended questions leads to a clinically relevant and easily understood classification scheme for patient satisfaction with in-hospital obstetric services.
The effects of long-term hospitalization or institutionalization upon the language development of children.

(1959). The Effects of Long-Term Hospitalization or Institutionalization upon the Language Development of Children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 205-209.
Desmoplastic fibroma of the anterior maxillary alveolus.

A 44-year-old woman was referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery division at Montefiore Medical Center by a referring dentist for consultation regarding implants in the anterior maxilla. The patient had previously been seen at our institution approximately 10 years earlier and had the upper right lateral incisor to the upper left lateral incisor extracted and a biopsy specimen taken that had been reported as a radicular cyst with associated necrotic teeth. The specimen from that biopsy was reviewed and confirmed. The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes and depression, both of which had been treated with daily medication. She had no known drug allergies. The intraoral examination showed a diffuse palatal swelling posterior to the edentulous ridge of the anterior maxilla, anterior to tooth 11. The swelling measured approximately 2 2.5 cm, was firm to the touch, and had normal-appearing mucosa overlying it. The patient did not have any pain, paresthesia, or lymphadenopathy. An i-Cat (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA) cone-beam computed tomography scan showed a destructive radiolucent lesion of the anterior maxillary alveolus that did not involve the nasal cavity or maxillary sinus (Figs 1, 2). With the patient under intravenous sedation, a fullthickness mucoperiosteal flap was elevated in the buccal vestibule. A firm, rubbery, tan mass was identified. Tissue samples were taken and sent in 10% formalin for
Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to neuropeptides: the case for penetration.

Evidence that peptides can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is reviewed. Penetration is suggested by the observations that blood levels correlate with cerebrospinal fluid levels for many peptides and that peripheral administration of peptides results in effects on the CNS. Passage is confirmed by experiments involving administration of a peptide (immunoactive or radioactive) in one compartment and identification of its appearance in the other, supported by such methods as selective labeling, cross-reactivity with highly specific antibodies, and chromatography. The degree of passage varies among peptides and their analogs. The major route of passage is probably by a non-competitive, non-saturable mechanism, wih the physicochemical characteristics of the peptide (e.g. lipophilicity, charge, molecular weight, and protein binding) determining the degree of passage. A competitive transport mechanism also exists for some peptides. Penetration of the BBB via large pores or by pinocytosis does not appear to be of major importance for peptides. Permeability of the BBB to peptides, but not to the larger iodinated albumin, is affected by intraperitoneal administration of aluminum, apparently by an increase in the permeability of the membrane to lipophilic materials.
Age-related relationship between mRNA expression of GABAB receptors and calcium channel β4 subunits in Cacnb4lh mice

In previous studies we found increased GABAB receptor number in 8-week-old homozygous Cacnb4lh mice compared to nonepileptic (+/+) littermates. In this study, we examined the relationship between Cacnb4 and GABAB receptor mRNA expression in brains from Cacnb4lh homozygotes and (+/+) controls. We found a significant correlation between the magnitude of increased GABAB receptor and decreased Cacnb4 mRNA expression in 8-week-old mice. In contract, in 6-month-old mice, there was no change in GABAB receptor or Cacnb4 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that the factor(s) responsible for decreased Cacnb4 and increased GABAB receptor mRNA expression abate in older mice.
1343 SEIZURES-A NEGLECTED PATHOGENESIS IN NEONATAL INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE

We investigated the cerebrovascular responses of immature piglets to Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. Our objective was to demonstrate that seizures induce hemodynamic changes known to cause intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and should be considered an important triggering mechanism. 14 piglets were artificially ventilated with 0.25% Halothane in 50% N2O-50% O2 after tracheotomy and neuromuscular blockade. Flow in external and internal carotid and femoral arteries was continuously recorded, along with aortic blood pressure (BP),EEG and EKG. Animals were subjected to hypercapnia (HC) by breathing 7% CO2 to produce respiratory acidosis (Pco2=53.9± 1.0; pH=7.263 ± 0.008.) Following return of blood gases to baseline values, PTZ was administered in a threshold (I-V) epileptogenic dose (75 mg/Kg.). HC produced a significant (30-50%) increase in internal carotid blood flow (ICBF), accompanied by a 10% drop in BP. PTZ produced a much greater (80-198%) and more rapid increase in ICBF, with a parallel large (60-70%) increase in BP. Auto-regulation was lost during PTZ-induced seizures. We conclude that the increase in cerebral blood flow and BP, plus loss of autoregulation, occurring during a seizure duplicate the hemodynamic conditions which trigger IVH. The changes are of much greater abruptness and magnitude than those seen with respiratory acidosis. Hence, seizures are likely to have a significant role in germinal matrix hemorrhages in premature newborns.
Anthropology at the Phonosonic Nexus

: [commentary, Music and Sound, voice, sound, body, Christianity, South Korea, Eastern Asia]
Synthesis and characterization of the novel type of polymerizable bisphthalonitrile monomers

Three new bisphthalonitrile derivatives are prepared by the nucleophilic displacement of the nitrosubstituent from 4-nitrophthalonitrile with 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene; 9,9-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, and phenolphthalein in the presence of potassium carbonate. The reaction has been carried out in dimethylsulfoxide solvent. These monomers are characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, TGA, DSC, and mass spectral studies. A tentative mechanism for the fragmentation of the compounds is given to explain the mass spectral data. The compounds are expected to be useful to prepare thermally stable thermosetting phthalocyanine polymers.
Systematic reduction of multibody equations of motion to a minimal set

Abstract This paper presents a two-step process to convert the equations of motion for closed-loop systems from a large set of absolute coordinates to a minimal set of relative joint coordinates. Initially, absolute coordinates are used to define the position of each body, the kinematic joints, and the forces acting on the bodies. Before numerical integration of the equations of motion, the equations are converted to a minimal set to gain computational efficiency. A simple example is provided to illustrate the conversion steps. It is also shown that the equations of motion can be expressed in terms of the time derivative of the system momenta, instead of the accelerations, to reduce numerical integration error and gain computational stability.
Light and magnetic fields in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Effects of light and electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on pineal function could have implications for long-term risk of breast cancer, reproductive irregularities, or depression. Health-care workers in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were interviewed to determine the tasks, work locations, and practices in their work environment as well as the care provided to the infants. After an initial visit, methods for measuring illuminance, luminance, and broadband resultant magnetic fields throughout the NICU were developed. Measurements were made of one nursery during a daytime (1:00 p.m.) and a night-time (12:30 a.m.) visit. Measurements relevant to both nurses and premature infants in the NICU were made. Some measurements could not be completed so as not to interfere with nurses' duties in the NICU. Illuminances measured during the daytime and nighttime averaged 184 and 34 lux (lx), respectively, much lower than those reported in other studies of illuminance in NICUs, with a maximum illuminance of 747 lx. Peak levels may be consistent with those thought to suppress melatonin. There was a high degree of variability in EMF levels, which exceeded 1,000 mG close to certain hospital equipment but averaged 1–2 mG at the nurses' workstation. Fields within incubators exceeded 10 mG. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Determination of the sequence of the arylacetyl acyl‐CoA:amino acid N‐acyltransferase from bovine liver mitochondria and its homology to the aralkyl acyl‐CoA:amino acid N‐acyltransferase

The arylacetyl acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase was previously purified to homogeneity from bovine liver mitochondria, and partial sequences were obtained for peptides generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage of the enzyme. One of these sequences was used to design an oligonucleotide probe that was utilized to screen a bovine liver cDNA library. Several clones were isolated and sequenced, and the sequence is given. The cDNA contains 346 bases of 5'-untranslated region and 439 bases of 3' untranslated region. The cDNA codes for an enzyme containing 295 amino acid residues. The sequence gives a molecular weight for the enzyme of 38,937, which is larger than that previously estimated for the functional enzyme, which suggests the existence of ca. 5 kDA of signal peptide. The molecular weight of the enzyme was slightly lower than that of the aralkyltransferase, which was previously determined to be 39,229. Comparison of this sequence with that which we previously obtained for the aralkyltransferase indicated that the coding regions were of identical length and that the sequences were 78% homologous. However, the 5' and 3' untranslated regions had less than 29% homology. The derived amino acid sequences were 71% homologous. This high homology indicates a common origin for the two enzymes. There are, however, significant differences in amino acid compositions, and these are discussed.
Visualizing web browsing history with barcode chart

Inspired by the DNA art, we introduce a data visualization technique called barcode chart, which uses color-illuminated stripes that resemble barcodes to visualize temporal data. Barcode chart excels at demonstrating high-level patterns in highly segmented temporal data, while retaining details in the data through interaction. We demonstrate Yogurt, a browser extension that implements barcode chart to visualize online browsing history. We conducted a user study and analyzed the effectiveness of using barcode chart for Yogurt in comparison with other applications. We conclude that barcode chart satisfies the need of visualizing the high-density and high-fragmentation nature of temporal data in Yogurt, and helps reveal online distraction and other web browsing patterns.