cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An unusual rotationally modulated attenuation band in the Jovian hectometric radio emission spectrum

A well-defined attenuation band modulated by the rotation of Jupiter has been found in the spectrum of Jovian hectometric radiation using data from the Galileo plasma wave instrument. The center frequency of this band usually occurs in the frequency range from about 1 to 3 MHz and the bandwidth is about 10 to 20 percent. The center frequency varies systematically with the rotation of Jupiter and has two peaks per rotation, the first at a system III longitude of about 50 deg, and the second at about 185 deg. It is now believed that the attenuation occurs as the ray path from a high-latitude cyclotron maser source passes approximately parallel to the magnetic field near the northern or southern edges of the Io L-shell. The peak at 50 deg system 3 longitude is attributed to radiation from a southern hemisphere source and the peak at 185 deg is from a northern hemisphere source. The attenuation is thought to be caused by coherent scattering or shallow angle reflection from field-aligned density irregularities near the Io L-shell. The narrow bandwidth indicates that the density irregularities are confined to a very narrow range of L values (Delta L = 0.2 to 0.4) near the Io L-shell.
Pancreatectomy and Autologous Islet Transplantation for Painful Chronic Pancreatitis: Indications and Outcomes

Total pancreatectomy with intrahepatic autoislet transplantation (TP/IAT) is a definitive treatment for relentlessly painful chronic pancreatitis. Pain relief is reported to be achieved in approximately 80% of patients. Overall, 30% to 40% achieve insulin independence, and 70% of recipients remain insulin independent for > 2 years, sometimes longer if > 300 000 islets are successfully transplanted. Yet, this approach to chronic pancreatitis is underemphasized in the general medical and surgical literature and vastly underused in the United States. This review emphasizes the history and metabolic outcomes of TP/IAT and considers its usefulness in the context of other, more frequently used approaches, such as operative intervention with partial pancreatectomy and/or lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (Puestow procedure), as well as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with pancreatic duct modification and stent placement. Distal pancreatectomy and Puestow procedures compromise isolation of islet mass, and adversely affect islet autotransplant outcomes. Therefore, when endoscopic measures fail to relieve pain in severe chronic pancreatitis, we recommend early intervention with TP/IAT.
Massively parallel spatial point pattern analysis: Ripley’s K function accelerated using graphics processing units

This study presents a massively parallel spatial computing approach that uses general-purpose graphics processing units GPUs to accelerate Ripley’s K function for univariate spatial point pattern analysis. Ripley’s K function is a representative spatial point pattern analysis approach that allows for quantitatively evaluating the spatial dispersion characteristics of point patterns. However, considerable computation is often required when analyzing large spatial data using Ripley’s K function. In this study, we developed a massively parallel approach of Ripley’s K function for accelerating spatial point pattern analysis. GPUs serve as a massively parallel platform that is built on many-core architecture for speeding up Ripley’s K function. Variable-grained domain decomposition and thread-level synchronization based on shared memory are parallel strategies designed to exploit concurrency in the spatial algorithm of Ripley’s K function for efficient parallelization. Experimental results demonstrate that substantial acceleration is obtained for Ripley’s K function parallelized within GPU environments.
The circumstellar water fountains of IRAS 16342-3814: a very high velocity bipolar outflow

Maser emission from OH and H2O is observed to be present over an exceptionally wide range of velocities in the cold, stellar infrared source IRAS 16342-3814. OH emission at 1612, 1665, and 1667 MHz spans 130 km/s, a range far larger than in any other known OH/IR star. The H2O emission features appear as two widely separated doublets with a full velocity spread of 259 km/s. Several lines of evidence point to the conclusion that IRAS 16342-3814 is an evolved star with a bipolar outflow, related to objects such as OH 231.8 + 4.2 and M1 - 92. The H2O masers are interpreted as streams or clumps of molecular gas forced out the polar axes by, or as part of, a wind from an accretion disk, while the OH masers appear to arise from lower velocity material at intermediate latitudes.
Learning beyond the Classroom: Envisioning the Information Commons’ Future: Conference Report

Reports on the September 2004 conference "Learning beyond the classroom: envisioning the information commons’ future" held at the University of Southern California. The two‐day event overlapped USC’s 7th annual conference on Teaching and learning with technology (TLT), giving both librarians and faculty a unique opportunity to explore the collaborative agenda presented by new academic technologies.
Diabetes: a cardiac condition manifesting as hyperglycemia.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the reasons for the increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods From January 1990 to March 2008, literature relevant to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, acute hyperglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, microalbuminuria, diabetic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, function inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system, statins, and antiplatelet therapy as related to cardiac events and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients was reviewed. Results Increased numbers of cardiac events and mortality in type 2 diabetes are associated with low HDL and high LDL cholesterol, high hemoglobin A1c, and high systolic blood pressure. Acute hyperglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, and possibly use of traditional sulfonylureas also increase incidence of cardiac events and mortality. The presence of microalbuminuria signifies endothelial dysfunction and an increased risk of cardiac events. Hypertension should be treated to goals that are lower in the diabetic patient with multiple therapies, which include suppressors of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems. Decreased improvement in outcomes for the diabetic patient with cardiovascular disease may be accounted for by the failure to treat insulin resistance and ventricular dysfunction. The high incidence of heart failure in the diabetic patient is due to the toxic triad of diabetic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and extensive coronary artery disease. Conclusion High risk of cardiovascular events, heart failure, and mortality in type 2 diabetes can be lowered with risk factor reduction and therapies that prevent or improve ventricular function. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:924-932)
Development of improved methods for internal dosimetry calculations

This dissertation presents improvements in three areas of nuclear medicinedosimetry:diagnostic, therapy, and bone dosimetry. For diagnostic nuclear medicinedosimetry, a series of five pediatric head and braindosimetricmodels are developed based on the new adult model of the Medical Internal RadiationDose Committee (MIRD). The EGS4 Monte Carlo code is used to tabulate absorbed fractions of energy (AFs) for photon and electron sources. Subsequently, radionuclide S values are tabulated for use in pediatric neuroimaging studies. In therapy nuclear medicinedosimetry, a new tool for nonuniform activity distributions is developed based on the MIRD methodology of dose calculation. Three-dimensional cumulated activity derived from single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)images can be convoluted with S values calculated for the same voxel arrangement to generate average dose to voxels within the SPECTimages. Voxel S values are calculated using the EGS4 code for 21 voxel sizes up to 1.0 cm. A specific absorbed fraction interpolation schema is then derived for other voxel sizes. Examples of the clinical use of this dose calculation method are provided. Finally, in bone dosimetry, three-dimensional transport models of electrons are developed for trabecular and cortical bone. These models are used with the EGS4-PRESTA code to calculate AFs. A one-dimensional transport model is also developed to evaluate improvements using three-dimensional transport. AFs are then used to calculate bone site-specific and skeletal-averaged S values. Differences seen with previously published bone S values are analyzed. These skeletal-averaged S values are then used to estimate dosimetric advantage of beta-emitting radionuclides for the palliation of bone pain from bone metastases.
Intracavitary cardiac thromboembolism: a complication of external cardiac massage.

We report a patient with cor pulmonale found to have a thromboembolic mass partially filling the right atrium and ventricle. A branch of this thromboembolus had extended to the pulmonary artery and an embolus was present in a left secondary branch of this artery. Bone marrow emboli and bone spicules were found in the thrombus, presumably due to the fractured rib after external cardiac massage. The effects of this complication are discussed.
Determination of an estradiol dose-response relationship in the modulation of ethanol intake.

BACKGROUND Estradiol (E2) potentiates the self-administration of numerous psychoactive drugs in female rodents. An analogous modulatory role of E2 on ethanol consumption remains unresolved because of examination of limited doses. The purpose of this study was to delineate a dose-response relationship for E2 on ethanol intake with an extended range and number of E2 doses. METHODS Female Long-Evans rats had continuous access (22 hr/day) to both 10% ethanol (10E) solution and water. After the establishment of stable 10E intake baselines, rats were assigned to one of seven dose groups balanced for 10E intake [sham-operated (Shm) or ovariectomized (Ovx) plus E2 (microgram/kg)]: Shm + 0, Ovx + 0, Ovx + 0.05, Ovx + 0.15, Ovx + 0.5, Ovx + 1.5, and Ovx + 5. Ethanol preference drinking was evaluated during 25 consecutive days of E2 replacement treatment, and trunk blood was collected for the determination of plasma E2 and progesterone concentrations. RESULTS Chronic E2 replacement regimens (0.05-1.5 micrograms/kg) dose-dependently augmented 10E intakes and ethanol preference ratios without concomitantly altering water consumption. Despite the maintenance of 2- to 3-fold greater plasma E2 levels, a supraphysiologic E2 dose (5 micrograms/kg) failed to precipitate ethanol intakes in excess of levels observed after treatment with a high physiologic E2 dose (1.5 micrograms/kg). Plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly increased in treatment groups (1.5 and 5 micrograms/kg E2) that exhibited corresponding significant increases in ethanol consumption. CONCLUSIONS A positive dose-response relationship between E2 and ethanol intake (incremental increases in E2 dose corresponded to incremental increases in intake) was apparently limited to a physiologic concentration range, because a supraphysiologic dose failed to elicit an additional stepwise increase in ethanol intake. These findings stipulate a modulatory role for E2 in the regulation of moderate ethanol intake and suggest that endogenous fluctuations of E2 may alter the propensity toward consumption in women and in female animal models of ethanol self-administration.
CHEMICAL INHIBITION OF NONPREMIXED METHANE FLAMES BY CF3Br

ABSTRACT Experimental, numerical, and analytical studies are carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of inhibition of nonpremixed methane flames by bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br). Experiments are performed in the counterflow configuration. In this configuration the reactants are injected into a mixing layer from two ducts. A fuel stream made up of methane and nitrogen (N2) is injected from one duct, and an oxidizer stream of oxygen and N2 is injected from the other duct. The inhibitor CF3Br is either added to the oxidizer stream or the fuel stream. A key objective of this study is to compare chemical inhibition of methane flames when CF3Br is added to the oxidizer stream with that when this inhibitor is added to the fuel stream. Critical conditions of extinction are measured. The concentrations of reactants at the boundaries are so chosen that the values of stoichiometric mixture, ξst, and adiabatic temperature, T st, are the same. Numerical calculations are performed using a detailed chemical-kinetic mech...
Capsaicin regulates vascular endothelial cell growth factor expression by modulation of hypoxia inducing factor-1α in human malignant melanoma cells

Abstract Purpose. Capsaicin (8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-nonenamide), a known natural dietary chemopreventive agent, inhibits malignant melanoma cell proliferation. In the present study, we examined the effect of capsaicin on constitutive and induced vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) expression in malignant melanoma cells. Results. Capsaicin treatment resulted in enhanced VEGF protein secretion in malignant melanoma cells independent of IL-1β and TNF-α. The observed up-regulation of VEGF production by capsaicin was concentration- and duration-dependent and was inversely associated with inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation. We observed an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in capsaicin-treated melanoma cells. Further, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) from nuclear extracts from melanoma cells showed a decrease in constitutive activation of NF-κB and enhanced HIF-1α binding activity to hypoxia response element (HRE) in melanoma cells treated with different concentrations of capsaicin. Conclusions. These data suggest that inhibition of cellular proliferation by capsaicin follows enhanced VEGF production by remaining melanoma cells by enhancing HIF-1α expression and binding to HRE.
Mechanism of resistance of African trypanosomes to cytotoxic human HDL

Trypanosoma brucei brucei, the causative agent of ngana in cattle, is non-infectious to humans because of its sensitivity to the cytolytic activity of normal human serum. The toxin in normal human serum is human haptoglobin-related protein (Hpr) which is found either as an apolipoprotein associated with a minor subclass of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), named trypanosome lytic factor (TLF1), or as an unstable, high-molecular-mass protein complex known as TLF2 (refs 5, 9-12). TLF-mediated lysis of T. b. brucei requires binding, internalization and lysosomal targeting. The human sleeping-sickness trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is resistant to TLF. Our studies reveal that resistant trypanosomes fail to endocytose TLF yet continue to bind TLF through cell-surface receptors. On the basis of these results, we conclude that one mechanism of resistance of human sleeping-sickness trypanosomes to human serum is decreased internalization of receptor-bound TLF.
Police Lineups as Experiments Social Methodology as a Framework for Properly Conducted Lineups

Research findings over the last decade have given rise to guidelines about how to minimize the likelihood of false identifications in police lineups and photo spreads. It is argued here that experimental social psychology's common understanding of factors that contaminate research experiments, such as demand characteristics, experimenter bias, and lack of control groups, has been the principal framework leading to hypotheses about how to improve police-conducted lineups. The analogy between a methodologically sound social psychology experiment and a properly conducted lineup has guided eyewitness identification research implicitly; in this article the analogy is expanded and made explicit. Lineup research examples deriving from the lineup-as-experiment analogy, such as the mock-witness control group and the blank-lineup control, are described. Finally, it is argued that research findings that are modeled on the lineup-as-experiment analogy are natural system variables that might be especially immune to so...
Room temperature slow light in a quantum-well waveguide via coherent population oscillation

We report room temperature demonstration of slow light propagation via coherent population oscillation (CPO) in a GaAs quantum well waveguide. Measurements of the group delay of an amplitude modulated signal resonant with the heavy-hole exciton transition reveal delays as long as 830 ps. The measured bandwidth, which approaches 100 MHz, is related to the lifetime of the photoexcited electron-hole (e-h) plasma as expected for CPO process.
Elder abuse and neglect: an update

For those of us who have been working in the elder abuse movement for a decade or more, progress towards understanding and prevention of elder abuse has been exceptionally slow. This situation may be attributed as much to the complexities of elder abuse as to the importance given to the problem by national governments. However, one trend in the past five years is particularly noteworthy. The increased awareness of elder abuse among the nations of the world, underscored by an ‘“explosion” of interest’ in the UK, has been the most salutary accomplishment. The purpose of this paper is to review the status of the field with specific reference to the past five years. Of necessity, this review is selective and thus may omit worthy research and policy achievements. As with an earlier paper (see Rev Clin Gerontol 1992; 2: 269-76), this review is limited to elder abuse in domestic settings.
Structure-Specific Reactivity of Alumina-Supported Monomeric Vanadium Oxide Species

Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) catalysts based on vanadium oxide are active for the production of alkenes, chemicals of great commercial importance. The current industrial practice for alkene production is based on energy-intensive, dehydrogenation reactions. UV resonance and visible Raman measurements, combined with density functional studies, are used to study for the first time the structure–reactivity relationships for alumina-supported monomeric vanadium oxide species. The relationship between the structure of three vanadium oxide monomeric surface species on a θ-alumina surface, and their reducibility by H2 was determined by following changes in the vanadia’s UV Raman and resonance Raman spectra after reaction with H2 at temperatures from 450 to 650 °C. The H2 reducibility sequence for the three monomeric species is bidentate > “molecular”> tridentate. The reaction pathways for H2 reduction on the three vanadium oxide monomeric structures on a θ-alumina surface were investigated using density funct...
Syntheses and X-ray powder structures of two zinc propylenebis(phosphonates)

The crystal structures of two new zinc compounds of propylenebis(phosphonic acid) were determined ab initio from their powder diffraction data. These compounds were prepared by the reaction of zinc chloride with the phosphonic acid at different pH conditions. The compound, Zn(HO3PC3H6PO3H) (1), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 18.167(3) A, b = 5.083(1) A, c = 8.658(1) A, β = 93.630(2)° and Z = 4. The other compound, Zn3[(HO3PC3H6PO3)2]·2H2O (2), also crystallizes in the monoclinic symmetry but with space group C2/c. Crystal data: a = 20.5853(4) A, b = 5.0472(1) A, c = 18.0140(4) A, b = 97.226(1)°, Z = 4. The intensities of the structure factors were extracted from the powder patterns using the Le Bail method and were used for structure solution by direct methods. The structures were then completed by Fourier methods and refined by Rietveld methods. In structure 1, the metal atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated by four oxygen atoms, two each from two independent phosphonates. The r...
The athletic polydrug abuse phenomenon: A case report

A case of a power weight lifter who is ingesting large doses of anabolic steroids plus other drugs to counter act their short-term side effects is presented.This type of polydrug abuse phenomenon which is unique to the competitive athlete is widespread despite the lack of convincing evidence that anabolic steroids increase muscular strength. The vast extent of this drug abuse problem is poorly appreciated by the gen eral medical community.The potential complications of the long-term usage of these drugs such as liver failure, hepatocellular car cinoma, and peliosis hepatitis make these drugs ex tremely dangerous.
2009 Special Issue: Adaptive learning via selectionism and Bayesianism, Part II: The sequential case

Animals increase or decrease their future tendency of emitting an action based on whether performing such action has, in the past, resulted in positive or negative reinforcement. An analysis in the companion paper [Zhang, J. (2009). Adaptive learning via selectionism and Bayesianism. Part I: Connection between the two. Neural Networks, 22(3), 220-228] of such selectionist style of learning reveals a resemblance between its ensemble-level dynamics governing the change of action probability and Bayesian learning where evidence (in this case, reward) is distributively applied to all action alternatives. Here, this equivalence is further explored in solving the temporal credit-assignment problem during the learning of an action sequence (''operant chain''). Naturally emerging are the notion of secondary (conditioned) reinforcement predicting the average reward associated with a stimulus, and the notion of actor-critic architecture involving concurrent learning of both action probability and reward prediction. While both are consistent with solutions provided by contemporary reinforcement learning theory (Sutton & Barto, 1998) for optimizing sequential decision-making under stationary Markov environments, we investigate the effect of action learning on reward prediction when both are carried out concurrently in any on-line scheme.
The Rule of Spirituality and the Rule of Doctrine: A Necessary Relationship in Theological Method

As more and more Pentecostal theologians are pursuing formal training in academic theology and philosophy, they are becoming increasingly sensitive to the importance of being conscious of one's theological method in systematic theology. This article is a suggestion that Pentecostal theologians would benefit from adopting as one guideline for their theological method a form of lex orandi , lex credendi called `the rule of spirituality and the rule of doctrine', which involves a reciprocal relationship between Pentecostal spirituality and doctrine. The goal of the relationship is doctrinal theology that is informed by legitimate aspects of Pentecostal spirituality and that is able to correct illegitimate aspects of it. After the method is established, three aspects of Pentecostal spirituality are chosen to inform a Pentecostal doctrine of the Lord's Supper. Finally, aspects of this doctrine of the Supper are employed to critique other aspects of Pentecostal spirituality.
An electronic random number generator

THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES the generation of random numbers for use in auditory psychophysical experiments conducted at the University of Michigan's Electronic Defense Group laboratories. These experiments, which require randomized signal presentation, are designed to test theoretical hypotheses related to the operation of the human auditory mechanism.
Molecular Cloning of Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency is HLA-linked. The haplotype HLA-(A3); Bw47; DR7 is strongly associated with 21-OH deficiency and always carries a null allele at the complement C4A (Rodgers) locus. It seemed likely that this haplotype carries a deletion encompassing both the C4A and 21-OH loci. We hypothesized that the HLA-linked defect involved a structural gene for the adrenal microsomal cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation. We isolated a plasmid with a 520 bp bovine adrenal cDNA insert encoding the middle third of the P-450 peptide. When human DNA was digested with Taq I restriction endonuclease and hybridized with the cDNA probe, DNA from 13 unrelated normal individuals yielded two hybridizing bands of equal intensity at 3.7 and 3.2 kb. The upper band was not present in DNA from a patient homozygous for Bw47. DNA from six unrelated patients heterozygous for Bw47 yielded, in five, diminished relative intensity of the upper band consistent with a...
Solubilities of sulfadiazine, sulfisomidine, and sulfadimethoxine in several normal alcohols.

The solubilities of sulfadiazine, sulfisomidine, and sulfadimethoxine in several normal alcohols were determined over a limited temperature range. For all solutes, the highest solubility occurred in methanol, a relatively polar solvent. The entropy of solution, as developed by Hildebrand, was used for interpretive purposes. Experimental results showed that in most cases the entropy quantity increased with decreasing solubility for any particular solute. Solutions of sulfonamides in 1-decanol yielded relatively small entropy values when compared with those for the other normal alcohol solvents. It appears that this diminishing entropy correlates with the substitutions on the pyrimidine moiety of the N1-substituted sulfanilamides.
GRANULOCYTE INHIBITION OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE GROWTH IN VITRO.

The incubation of heparinized blood on cotton columns provides a simple means for obtaining suspensions of pure lymphocytes or suspensions of mixed leucocytes of varying proportions for in vitro cultures. Increasing cell concentration results in inhibition of cell division. Granulocytes exert an inhibitory effect surpassing that associated with cell number per se.
A new wideband spread target maximum likelihood estimator for blood velocity estimation. II. Evaluation of estimator with experimental data

For pt.I see ibid., vol.38, p.1-16, Jan. 1991. The signal models and performance of the estimation strategies described in pt.I are tested with experimental ultrasonic data. The ultrasonic data analyzed verify the theoretical model and predicted performance. The averaged correlation, verified experimentally, confirms that the correlation envelope can be used to estimate the velocity of scatterers and that the shape of the correlation function conveys information regarding the velocity profile within the sample volume. For both the wideband point and range spread estimators, the predicted improvement in velocity resolution and the reduction in height of subsidiary velocity peaks are demonstrated. Through the use of these estimation strategies, information regarding the mean velocity and velocity variation are available for each spatial location within the vessel. This information is presented using a three-dimensional spatial velocity profile display, which appears to offer a number of advantages in the rapid identification of pathology. >
Higher-Education Administrators: When the Future Does Not Make a Difference

The relationships between administrative actions and their long-term consequences were investigated in 14 people beginning training to become high-level college and university administrators, 19 people who had just finished that training, and 44 provosts (chief academic officers) at colleges and universities in the northeastern United States. The experienced administrators (those who had completed the training plus the provosts) were significantly more likely than the trainees to mention long-term consequences when describing their past and possible future administrative actions. However, in hypothetical choice situations, the experienced administrators were also significantly more likely than the trainees to choose smaller amounts of funds available immediately for their units versus larger amounts of promised future funds. With experience, administrators may both become more aware of their actions' long-term consequences and learn that they are unlikely to receive promised future funds. The contingencie...
Patient preference quality of life measures in dermatology

Patient quality of life (QOL) is an important aspect of health care. It is crucial that we continue to develop instruments to assist in detecting burden of disease, interpreting outcomes of clinical trials, determining cost effectiveness of therapies, and guiding clinical decision making. The measurement of patient preferences, specifically utilities and contingent valuation, for health states provides data that can assist in the aforementioned endeavors. Patient preferences have been measured in many areas of medicine. However, it is relatively new to the field of dermatology. The present authors provide an overview of the basic concepts of patient preference measures and how they compare to the widely used health status instruments. Various techniques that have been used to elicit patient preferences are discussed, including standard gamble, time trade-off, willingness-to-pay, rating scales, health utilities index, and EuroQol (EQ-5D). In addition, the present authors review the current literature reporting utilities relevant to dermatology.
Ketoconazole 2% foam for treatment of seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition occurring in skin rich in sebaceous glands. Three factors appear to be important for seborrheic dermatitis to occur: the presence of yeasts of the genus Malassezia, sebaceous secretion and individual susceptibility. The effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions, including topical antifungals and topical steroids, is based on the reduction of Malassezia spp. and the inflammatory response associated with this yeast. A 2% thermolabile hydroethanolic foam formulation of ketoconazole (Extina™) was made available in the USA in September 2007. Data from clinical trials indicate that ketoconazole 2% foam is an effective and safe topical therapy for mild-to-severe seborrheic dermatitis, significantly relieving symptoms after 4 weeks of therapy. This new foam delivery system can be effectively and safely applied to all sites of disease, expanding the options for treatment.
Social accessibility: the challenge of improving web accessibility through collaboration

There are billions of people who face problems in accessing webpages, including people with disabilities, elderly people, and illiterate people in developing countries. The needs for accessible webpages have become too broad to be left only to Web developers. The wisdom of crowds has become part of a key strategy to combine various skills and knowledge into a community that can address the needs for accessibility. Social Accessibility is one such project for visually impaired people, which has been operating for more than a year, producing findings and new challenges. Based on our experiences, the collaborative approach can work well and be expanded for people with other problems such as poor hearing, aged eyes, and reading problems.
Low-power wireless sensor networks

Wireless distributed microsensor systems will enable fault tolerant monitoring and control of a variety of applications. Due to the large number of microsensor nodes that may be deployed and the need for long system lifetimes, replacing the battery is not an option. Sensor systems must utilize the minimal possible energy while operating over a wide range of operating scenarios. This paper presents an overview of the key technologies required for low-energy distributed microsensors. These include power aware computation/communication component technology, low-energy signaling and networking, system partitioning based on computation and communication tradeoffs, and a power aware software infrastructure.
Verifying the Safety of User Pointer Dereferences

Operating systems divide virtual memory addresses into kernel space and user space. The interface of a modern operating system consists of a set of system call procedures that may take pointer arguments called user pointers. It is safe to dereference a user pointer if and only if it points into user space. If the operating system dereferences a user pointer that does not point into user space, then a malicious user application could gain control of the operating system, reveal sensitive data from kernel space, or crash the machine. Because the operating system cannot trust user processes, the operating system must check that the user pointer points to user space before dereferencing it. In this paper, we present a scalable and precise static analysis capable of verifying the absence of unchecked user pointer dereferences. We evaluate an implementation of our analysis on the entire Linux operating system with over 6.2 million lines of code with false alarms reported on only 0.05% of dereference sites.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Rectifying Junctions in and on Metal Nanowires †

Alumina membranes containing 200 nm diameter pores were replicated electrochemically with metals (Au and Ag) to make free-standing nanowires several microns in length. Wet layer-by-layer assembly of nanoparticle (TiO2 or ZnO)/polymer thin films was carried out in the membrane between electrodeposition steps to give nanowires that contained rectifying junctions. Concentric structures with similar properties were prepared by first coating the membrane walls with multilayer films, and then growing nanowires inside the resulting tubules, or by growing films on the exposed surface of the nanowires after dissolution of the membrane. The I−V characteristics of nanowires prepared by either technique show current rectifying behavior. The electronic properties of Au(MEA)/(ZnO/PSS)19ZnO/Ag (MEA = mercaptoethylamine) devices indicate that rectification is determined by charge injection at the metal/ZnO/PSS-film interface rather than by a tunneling mechanism. In the case of Ag(TiO2/PSS)9TiO2/Au devices, switching beha...
Efficacy of Short-Course Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Penetrating Intestinal Injury: A Prospective Randomized Trial

• Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality occurring more than 48 hours after penetrating abdominal injury. Antibiotics are routinely administered to patients with penetrating intestinal injuries and are usually given for five days or more. We randomized 116 patients with confirmed penetrating injuries of the colon and/or small bowel to receive either 12 hours or five days of antibiotics. Age, sex, weapon, severity of injury, and other risk factors were evenly distributed between groups. Twenty-one patients (18%) developed traumarelated infections, 28 (24%) any infection, and three (2.6%) died. There were no significant differences between groups in any category of outcome. For patients with penetrating intestinal or colonic injury, a 12-hour course of antibiotics is as effective as a five-day course and has the advantage of lower cost and, theoretically, fewer side effects. ( Arch Surg 1986;121:23-30)
The Impact of Drug Use on Earnings: A Life-Span Perspective

Les AA. s'efforcent d'evaluer le rapport, et notamment l'impact, entre diverses formes de consommation de drogue et le revenu a partir de donnees collectees aux Etats-Unis entre 1984 et 1990 aupres de 400 hommes adultes tous âges de 35 ans. Ils montrent que cet impact est variable selon les periode du cyle de la vie professionnelle. Il est tres important en debut de carriere professionnelle, apres 25 ans, mais il est plus faible vers l'âge de 35 ans. Cette influence negative de la consommation de drogue affecte en moyenne pendant 10 ans le niveau de revenu. Les AA. proposent un modele d'analyse des phenomenes de compensation selon les types d'emploi en ce qui concerne les processus mis en evidence au niveau de la relation etudiee. Ils preconisent l'emploi d'une approche qui prend en compte les cyles de vie des individus
Recharge Characteristics of a Watercourse Aquifer System at Springfield, Ohioa

An investigation was made of infiltration conditions in the alluvial-filled Mad River valley in the vicinity of the Springfield municipal wells. The study shows that most recharge to the 100-foot thick sand and gravel aquifer is from induced infiltration from the Mad River. Local precipitation and natural, down-valley underflow also are important in sustaining the 14 mgd (million gallons per day) pumping rate. The investigation was designed to learn more about rates of streambed infiltration. Gaging stations were established at points above and below the well field in the expectation that infiltration losses could be measured directly. The attempt was unsuccessful because infiltration losses proved too small to measure accurately by ordinary stream gaging methods. The investigation has, nevertheless, provided much new data about this important watercourse aquifer system. Observation-well records covering the 4-year period 1965 through 1968 show that ground-water levels follow an annual cycle, typically rising in the period February through June, when recharge exceeds depletion, and falling during the remainder of the year. The rate of induced stream infiltration is not sufficient to prevent perennial dewatering of the aquifer beneath the streambed. The water table beneath the center of the losing reach ranges in depth from about 17 feet in January to about 6 feet in June in the average year. Bedrock highs beneath the stream, which result in local thinning of the aquifer upstream and downstream from the well field, essentially limit infiltration to a reach about 2½ miles long having an area of approximately 24 acres. During the 7-month depletion period average infiltration is estimated at 9 mgd and during the 5-month accretion period estimated infiltration is 12 mgd. On the basis of these estimates the infiltration rate for the respective periods is 0.37 and 0.50 mgd per acre, or about 0.35 mgd per acre per foot of depth.
On the construction of stable virtual backbones in mobile ad-hoc networks

In mobile ad-hoc networks, hosts communicate with each other without the help of any physical infrastructure. Inevitably, the communication tends to be less efficient in terms of computational and communicational overhead. Recent studies have shown that virtual backbone can help reduce the communication overhead. However, the backbone structure is very vulnerable due to several reasons, e.g., node mobility and unstable links, etc. In this paper, we introduce a localized virtual backbone construction scheme, connected maximal independent set with multiple initiators (MCMIS), which takes node stability into consideration and can construct the backbone quickly. We design MCMIS aiming at three goals: small backbone size, fast construction, stable backbone. Through extensive simulations, we find that our scheme could obtain a better performance on stability and backbone size than other localized schemes.
Liver X receptor-dependent inhibition of microglial nitric oxide synthase 2

The nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR) exerts transcriptional control over lipid metabolism and inflammatory response in cells of the myeloid lineage, suggesting that LXR may be a potential target in a number of chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases where persistent microglial activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis. The effect of LXR activation on microglia and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation was studied using a synthetic LXR agonist in cultured microglia, a microglial cell line and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of CNS inflammation. LXR activation inhibited nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible (Nos2) expression and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. Inhibition of microglial activation in response to interferon-γ was less reliable. In LPS-stimulated cells, LXR activation did not inhibit nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB1 p50. Instead, LXR-dependent Nos2 repression was associated with inhibition of histone 4 acetylation and inhibition of NF-kappaB1 p50 binding at the Nos2 promoter. Histone acetylation and NF-kappaB1 p50 binding were mechanistically linked, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity appeared to be important for LXR-dependent transcriptional repression of Nos2. Analysis of CNS gene expression in animals undergoing EAE showed that the expressions of Lxr and LXR-dependent genes were downregulated during CNS inflammation. Nevertheless, administration of LXR agonist GW3965 during the effector phase of EAE delayed the onset of clinical disease and reversed the diminished expression of LXR-dependent reverse cholesterol transport genes. However, the CNS expressions of Nos2 and other inflammatory genes were not significantly inhibited by LXR activation in EAE, and clinical disease severity was comparable to vehicle controls at later time points in LXR agonist treated animals. LXR can be targeted to modulate microglial activation. LXR-dependent repression of inflammatory genes may be stimulus-dependent and impaired by HDAC inhibition. Endogenous LXR activity does not appear to modulate CNS inflammation, but LXR activity can be partially restored in the CNS by administration of exogenous LXR agonist with an impact on clinical disease severity at early, but not late, time points in EAE.
Mean-squared error and threshold SNR prediction of maximum-likelihood signal parameter estimation with estimated colored noise covariances

An interval error-based method (MIE) of predicting mean squared error (MSE) performance of maximum-likelihood estimators (MLEs) is extended to the case of signal parameter estimation requiring intermediate estimation of an unknown colored noise covariance matrix; an intermediate step central to adaptive array detection and parameter estimation. The successful application of MIE requires good approximations of two quantities: 1) interval error probabilities and 2) asymptotic (SNRrarrinfin) local MSE performance of the MLE. Exact general expressions for the pairwise error probabilities that include the effects of signal model mismatch are derived herein, that in conjunction with the Union Bound provide accurate prediction of the required interval error probabilities. The Crameacuter-Rao Bound (CRB) often provides adequate prediction of the asymptotic local MSE performance of MLE. The signal parameters, however, are decoupled from the colored noise parameters in the Fisher Information Matrix for the deterministic signal model, rendering the CRB incapable of reflecting loss due to colored noise covariance estimation. A new modification of the CRB involving a complex central beta random variable different from, but analogous to the Reed, Mallett, and Brennan beta loss factor provides a working solution to this problem, facilitating MSE prediction well into the threshold region with remarkable accuracy
Intramedullary Metastasis From Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature (P3.137)

Objective: The literature was reviewed to assess the prevalence of intramedullary metastasis from ovarian cancer and describe location, clinical features, survival, and treatment of such metastasis. Background: Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is rare (0.1[percnt] to 2.0[percnt] among all cancers). The data on intramedullary ovarian metastasis is sparse. Design/Methods: We searched the literature using Yale’s search engine to include but not limited to PubMed and Scopus on the subject of intramedullary metastasis from ovarian cancer since 1990 (the era of magnetic resonance imaging). Results: The prevalence of ovarian cancer metastasis to spinal cord ranged from 1[percnt] to 2.2[percnt] based on five reported series. There were 8 detailed case descriptions reported between1992-2012. The location of metastasis was cervical (4 cases), thoracic (3 cases) and in the conus-medullaris and cauda equine regions (1 case). Concurrent brain metastasis was present in 3 cases. The pathology of the primary tumor was described in 7 patients; 6 had serous adenocarcinoma, 4 of which were poorly differentiated, while the diagnosis was provided simply as poorly differentiated carcinoma and not otherwise specified in the 7th case. The average time between diagnosis of the primary tumor in the ovary to diagnosis of the intramedullary metastasis was 32 months. Of those who were reported deceased, the average survival was 7.1 months (range 5 to 10 months). Four studies reported patients to be alive 10, 16, 24 and 32 months after the detection of the intramedullary metastatic tumor. After diagnosis of intramedullary metastasis, all patients (8 patients) received radiotherapy, 6 underwent surgery and half of the patients (4 patients) received steroids. Conclusion: intramedullary metastasis from ovarian tumor accounts for 1-2.2[percnt] of all intramedullary metastasis. The tumor types reported included serous adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma-not otherwise specified. Survival beyond two years have been reported with combination of resection and radiotherapy. Disclosure: Dr. Safarpour has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tavassoli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jabbari has received research support from Allergan Inc., Merz Pharma, and Ipsen.
On the Convergence of Beliefs and Policy to a Rational Expectations Equilibrium in a Dual Policy Problem

This paper considers the question of the convergence of expectations and policy in a model of monetary policy with asymmetric and imperfect information between the policy maker and the private sector. In this model the objective function facing the policy maker is non-quadratic because of the manner by which the optimal policy influences the private sector’s expectations. Certainty equivalence does not apply to the optimisation problem and the optimal policy reflects a dual control structure in which the policy maker must take into account both the effect of his policy action on the information set facing the private sector and also on his ability to affect how this information is used when the private sector forms its expectations. Despite this capacity for the policy maker to actively intervene in the expectation formation process of the private sector we show that there is a unique rational expectations equilibrium in the model to which both the expectations of the private sector and the optimal policy converge. In section 2 we introduce the policy problem which is solved analytically in section 3.
Genetics of CVD in 2015: Using genomic approaches to identify CVD-causing variants

Cardiovascular genomics has evolved substantially in the past 2 decades. Numerous papers published in 2015 demonstrate that new genomic approaches, often used synergistically, can yield noteworthy findings. A range of laboratory, analytical, and bioinformatic techniques to uncover genetic contributors to coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and dilated cardiomyopathy are described.
Plastic Analysis of Circular Balcony Girders

A plastic analysis was made for balcony (or bow) girders of circular arc with a subtended angle of not more than 180○ and of constant cross section, fixed at both ends and subjected to uniform load perpendicular to the plane of the arc. The problem had been solved previously by Boulton and Boonsukha. But the method introduced herein, being developed independently, contains several new features, and the results presented are more extensive. First, the general method of analysis was examined. Next, various mechanisms of failure were investigated. It was found that failure was possible only for the mechanisms with two, three, or four plastic hinges. A chart was given for determining the limiting values of β (ratio of fully plastic torque to fully plastic moment of the section) for the three mechanisms of failure. Finally, the collapse loads for various values of subtended angles and various values of β were presented in a chart that may be useful to engineers interested in plastic (or limit) design of balcony girders.