cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Policing's Productive Folds: Secretism and Authenticity in Brazilian Cultural Heritage

Resumen No Centro Historico de Salvador, Bahia [O Pelourinho], as tentativas policiais de inibir os movimentos de turistas e baianos, tanto quanto o apoio oferecido por estos oficiais as tentativas por parte de representantes do Instituto do Patrimonio Artistico e Cultural da Bahia de separar os moradores das suas praticas cotidianas memorializadas como patrimonio cultural, geram um desdobramento da paisagen urbana/historica do Pelourinho. Estos buracos metaforicos perforam o cotidiano obviamente construido pelo Estado baiano e apoiam a alegacao ideologica oferecida pela burocracia patrimonial baiana de que esta instituicao realmente proteja os bens e os legados da nacao e da humanidade. Isto nao quer dizer que tais buracos no tecido do centro historico sejam icones veridicos do passado baiano ou a vida popular. Ao contrario, isto revela a importância surpreendente do policiamento as tentativas estaduais de apoiar representacoes supostamente duradouros e autenticos em espacos que, mesmos patrimonializados, continuam sendo socialmente complexos. Abstract Social scientists typically treat policing as repressive and historical centers as impoverished imitations of unmarked social relations. Yet in Salvador, Brazil's Pelourinho Historical Center, police attempts to discipline both tourists and working-class residents, together with these officers’ violent support of attempts to separate people from their practices memorialized as public culture, generate perforations or folds in the musealized landscape. These structures of feeling support the neighborhood's aura of rooted authenticity. In this way they punctuate, and thus veil, the heritage zone's fraught construction and support the ideological goals of Bahia's cultural heritage bureaucracy that claims to safeguard humankind's shared legacies. This emphasis on the productivity of policing is not to argue that such spaces are bona fide tokens of Brazilian pasts or popular vitality, but to suggest the importance of policing in animating supposedly homogeneous spaces.
A warning about median reaction time

When used with positively skewed reaction time distributions, sample medians tend to over-estimate population medians. The extent of overestimation is related directly to the amount of skew in the reaction time distributions and inversely to the size of the sample over which the median is computed. Simulations indicate that overestimation could approach 50 ms with small samples and highly skewed distributions. An important practical consequence of the bias in median reaction time is that sample medians must not be used to compare reaction times across experimental conditions when there are unequal numbers of trials in the conditions. If medians are used with unequal sample sizes, then the bias may produce an artifactual difference in conditions or conceal a true difference. Some recent studies of cuing and stimulus probability effects provide examples of this potential artifact.
The recombinant adeno-associated virus vector (rAAV2)-mediated apolipoprotein B mRNA-specific hammerhead ribozyme: a self-complementary AAV2 vector improves the gene expression

In humans, overproduction of apolipoprotein B (apoB) is positively associated with premature coronary artery diseases. To reduce the levels of apoB mRNA, we have designed an apoB mRNA-specific hammerhead ribozyme targeted at nucleotide sequences GUA6679 (RB15) mediated by adenovirus, which efficiently cleaves and decreases apoB mRNA by 80% in mouse liver and attenuates the hyperlipidemic condition. In the current study, we used an adeno-associated virus vector, serotype 2 (AAV2) and a self-complementary AAV2 vector (scAAV2) to demonstrate the effect of long-term tissue-specific gene expression of RB15 on the regulation apoB mRNA in vivo. We constructed a hammerhead ribozyme RB15 driven by a liver-specific transthyretin (TTR) promoter using an AAV2 vector (rAAV2-TTR-RB15). HepG2 cells and hyperlipidemic mice deficient in both the low density lipoprotein receptor and the apoB mRNA editing enzyme genes (LDLR-/-Apobec1-/-; LDb) were transduced with rAAV2-TTR-RB15 and a control vector rAAV-TTR-RB15-mutant (inactive ribozyme). The effects of ribozyme RB15 on apoB metabolism and atherosclerosis development were determined in LDb mice at 5-month after transduction. A self-complementary AAV2 vector expressing ribozyme RB15 (scAAV2-TTR-RB15) was also engineered and used to transduce HepG2 cells. Studies were designed to compare the gene expression efficiency between rAAV2-TTR-RB15 and scAAV2-TTR-RB15. The effect of ribozyme RB15 RNA on reducing apoB mRNA levels in HepG2 cells was observed only on day-7 after rAAV2-TTR-RB15 transduction. And, at 5-month after rAAV2-TTR-RB15 treatment, the apoB mRNA levels in LDb mice were significantly decreased by 43%, compared to LDb mice treated with control vector rAAV2-TTR-RB15-mutant. Moreover, both the rAAV2-TTR-RB15 viral DNA and ribozyme RB15 RNA were still detectable in mice livers at 5-month after treatment. However, this rAAV2-TTR-RB15 vector mediated a prolonged but low level of ribozyme RB15 gene expression in the mice livers, which did not produce the therapeutic effects on alteration the lipid levels or the inhibition of atherosclerosis development. In contrast, the ribozyme RB15 RNA mediated by scAAV2-TTR-RB15 vector was expressed immediately at day-1 after transduction in HepG2 cells. The apoB mRNA levels were decreased 47% (p = 0.001), compared to the control vector scAAV2-TTR-RB15-mutant. This study provided evidence that the rAAV2 single-strand vector mediated a prolonged but not efficient transduction in mouse liver. However, the scAAV2 double-strand vector mediated a rapid and efficient gene expression in liver cells. This strategy using scAAV2 vectors represents a better approach to express small molecules such as ribozyme.
Laboratory and wind tunnel evaluations of the Rosemount icing detector

Abstract The Rosemount model 871FA ice detector was evaluated during a number of laboratory and wind tunnel studies. The purpose of this evaluation was to determine the sensitivity of the detector to a variety of icing conditions and to determine its utility as a ground-based or airborne liquid water content measuring device. The laboratory studies determined the ice mass sensitivity of a number of detectors and showed the variability among instruments. These studies also looked at the sensitivity of the detector to the position of mass accumulated on the detector's sensor. The wind tunnel studies determined the dynamic mass response of the detector and demonstrated that this detector can be a very sensitive, fast response, and relatively accurate liquid water content measuring instrument.
RNA editing in Trypanosoma brucei: characterization of gRNA U-tail interactions with partially edited mRNA substrates

Guide RNAs (gRNAs), key components of the RNA editing reaction in Trypanosoma brucei, direct the insertion and deletion of uridylate (U) residues. Analyses of gRNAs reveal three functional elements. The 5'-end of the gRNA contains the anchor, which is responsible for selection and binding to the pre-edited mRNA. The second element (the guiding region) provides the information required for editing. At the 3'-end of the gRNA is a non-encoded U-tail, whose function remains unclear. However, the cleavage-ligation model for editing proposes that the U-tail binds to purine-rich regions upstream of editing sites, thereby strengthening the interaction and holding onto the 5' cleavage product. Our previous studies demonstrated that the U-tail interacts with upstream sequences and may play roles in both stabilization and tethering. These studies also indicated that the U-tail interactions involved mRNA regions that were to be subsequently edited. This raised the question of what happens to the mRNA-U-tail interaction as editing proceeds in the 3'-->5' direction. We examined gCYb-558 and its U-tail interaction with 5'CYbUT and two partially edited 5'CYb substrates. Our results indicate that the 3'-end of the U-tail interacts with the same sequence in all three mRNAs. Predicted secondary structures using crosslinking data suggest that a similar structure is maintained as editing proceeds. These results indicate that the role of the U-tail may also involve maintenance of important secondary structure motifs.
Abstract B136: Study of the response of melanoma lines to BRAF/MEK inhibitors and combination drug treatments.

The serine-threonine protein kinase, BRAF, is a frequently mutated oncogene, found in cancers of the skin, thyroid and large intestine. It is especially prevalent in malignant melanoma, where it occurs in 40-60% of the cases. The most common BRAF mutation is the valine to glutamate substitution at position 600 of the kinase (V600E). This substitution, seen in ninety percent of the BRAF cases, leads to constitutive activation of the kinase, and the downstream MEK-ERK pathway. Appropriately, several drugs have been designed to inhibit BRAF, with a broad range of outcomes in clinical trials. Unfortunately, all patients, including those showing complete responses, eventually develop resistance to single agent therapy. Our goal is to come up with effective drug combinations that would delay, or even prevent, the cancer from becoming resistant to treatment. We used a panel of 43 melanoma lines, comprising of 28 BRAF mutants, 12 NRAS mutants and 3 lines that were wild type for these two genes. Besides BRAF and NRAS, we have the mutational status of 65 other commonly mutated cancer genes for all the lines. We assembled a set of 25 drugs targeting a wide range of proteins, including PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, the apoptosis machinery, as well as some epigenetic modulators. The melanoma lines were treated with these drugs, either (i) alone or (ii) in combination with the B-RAF inhibitor vemurafenib or (iii) in combination with the MEK inhibitor Selumetinib, for 72 hrs over a nine point, 256-fold concentration range. Viability and apoptosis were measured using cell titer glo (Promega). The results from this pilot study are discussed here. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B136. Citation Format: Anahita Dastur, Cyril Benes. Study of the response of melanoma lines to BRAF/MEK inhibitors and combination drug treatments. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B136.
An operations concept for Integrated Model-Centric Engineering at JPL

As JPL's missions grow more complex, the need for improved systems engineering processes is becoming clear. Of significant promise in this regard is the move toward a more integrated and model-centric approach to mission conception, design, implementation and operations. The Integrated Model-Centric Engineering (IMCE) Initiative, now underway at JPL, seeks to lay the groundwork for these improvements. This paper will report progress on three fronts: articulating JPL's need for IMCE; characterizing the enterprise into which IMCE capabilities will be deployed; and constructing an operations concept for a flight project development in an integrated model-centric environment.1 2
Comment on “Why Do Modern Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Analyses Often Lead to Increased Hazard Estimates?” by Julian J. Bommer and Norman A. Abrahamson

In a recent article, “Why Do Modern Probabilistic Seismic-Hazard Analyses Often Lead to Increased Hazard Estimates?,” Bommer and Abrahamson (2006) provided an excellent review on probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis (PSHA) and its key issue: how the ground-motion variability is treated. Bommer and Abrahamson (2006) stated that “although several factors may contribute to the higher estimates of seismic hazard in modern studies, the main reason for these increases is that in the earlier studies the ground-motion variability was either completely neglected or treated in a way that artificially reduced its influence on the hazard estimated.” In other words, Bommer and Abrahamson (2006) argued that “the main reason for the increases in the modern estimates of seismic hazard is that the ground-motion variability in early application (and indeed formulations) of PSHA was not treated properly,” and concluded that “the increased hazard estimates resulting from modern probabilistic studies are entirely appropriate.” We argue, however, that ground-motion variability may not be treated correctly in modern PSHA. This incorrect treatment of ground-motion variability perhaps leads to increased hazard estimates, at low annual frequencies of exceedance (10-4 or lower) in particular. As shown by Bommer and Abrahamson (2006), modern PSHA is often referred to as the Cornell–McGuire method (Cornell, 1968, 1971; McGuire, 1976). According to Cornell (1968), Cornell et al. (1971), and McGuire (1976, 2004), modern PSHA is based on the following equation: ![Graphic][1] (1)where ν is the activity rate, f M ( m ) and f R ( r ) are the probability density function (PDF) of earthquake magnitude M and epicentral or focal distance R , respectively, and y mr and σ ln, y are the median and standard deviation at m and r . f M ( m ) and f R … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Coherency and Model Reduction: A State Space Point of View

Relationship Between Coherency, Controllability and Observability In state space analysis, controllability is a notion that measures the effect of an input to a particular state, while observability measures the effect of a state to the norm of the system's output vector. Uncontrollability and unobservability represent redundancy in the linear state space model. This paper presents the analytical connections between coherency of generators and redundant states in the linear state model. As discussed in Section 2, every pair of perfectly coherent generators results in uncontrollable states in the linear model. These states are exhibited in the form of zero singular values in the model's controllability gramian (W2?). If a reduced order model is formed by aggregating the coherent generators, then the zero singular values are removed from the controllability gramian of the reduced order model. Parallel results are then presented for the observability gramian (W2?). The combined results on the connection between coherency and the two gramians provide the stimulus to investigate several topics relative to the coherent behavior of generators.
New results on procedures that select the best system using CRN

One use of simulation is to inform decision makers that seek to select the best of several alternative systems. The system with the highest (or lowest) mean value for simulation output is often selected as best, and simulation output is used to infer the value of the unknown mean of each system. Statistical procedures that help to identify the best system by suggesting an appropriate number of replications for each system are therefore useful tools in simulation. This article explores the performance of representative procedures from two approaches to develop statistical procedures, with the goal of understanding tradeoffs involving the ease of use, computational requirements, and the range of applicability. The focus is primarily on procedures that use common random numbers to sharpen comparisons between systems.
Regenerating nodules--are they premalignant lesions?

In the period 1985–1988, 62 focal liver lesions in 58 cirrhotic patients were studied by ultrasonography; 12 of these focal lesions were documented to be regenerating lesions by echo-guided fine-needle biopsy. During an average follow-up period of 10.2 months (range 3–22 months), hepatocellular carcinoma was subsequently found in 10 of the cases of regenerating nodules, whereas the initial diagnosis of regenerating nodule was confirmed in the remaining two cases. Based upon this finding, it is suggested that every focal mass visualized by ultrasonography in a cirrhotic liver should either considered to be a neoplastic lesion or at least a preneoplastic lesion if the possibility of either a metastatic or benign lesion (eg hemangiomas, focal fatty liver change areas) can be excluded. Therefore either fine-needle aspiration or biopsy of all ultrasonographically revealed mass lesions within a cirrhotic liver is advised, such that early appropriate treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma can be instituted.
VLSI Implementations of a Reduced Instruction Set Computer

A general trend in computers today is to increase the complexity of architectures commensurate with the increasing potential of implementation technologies. Consequences of this complexity are increased design time, more design errors, inconsistent implementations, and the delay of single chip implementation[7]. The Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) Project investigates a VLSI alternative to this trend. Our initial design is called RISC I.
Vocal tract aerodynamics during syllable productions: Normative data and theoretical implications

Summary Estimates of subglottal air pressure and mean volume velocity of air flow were recorded from 30 normal adults during repetition of consonant-vowel syllables. There were no gender differences in subglottal air pressure, and men used significantly higher flows than women did in all speaking tasks. Women had greater laryngeal airway resistances than men did for [i] vowels. Women also had greater resistances during [i] vowels than during [ a ] vowels, and the men did not. Separate norms are presented for men and women for use in aerodynamic examination of dysphonic subjects.
Identification of sequences in a yeast histone promoter involved in periodic transcription

Sequences between a pair of divergently transcribed histone genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to confer periodic transcription during the cell cycle. This conclusion contrasts to our previous hypothesis that an ars (autonomously replicating sequence) 3' to this locus is a transcription timer for yeast histone genes. The promoter sequences required for periodic expression have been localized by deletion analysis, and isolated elements have been analyzed by insertion into a heterologous promoter. Two cell-cycle-specific promoter functions have been identified. One function activates transcription in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. The other periodically represses transcription. Negative regulation may be the predominant form of cell-cycle control, because removal of the repressing function results in constitutive expression of the histone genes.
TOBOL-a new methodology for the top-to-bottom level hardware description in VLSI design-automation systems

The TOBOL methodology for hardware description from top to bottom level is proposed. Multilevel circuit descriptions can efficiently be provided for diversified purposes. Low-level (such as transistor-level) design information can easily be attached into high-level descriptions. TOBOL utilizes consistent data representations at different levels and allows the integration of circuit descriptions at different levels into a single unified system. Therefore, redundant information is greatly reduced, and efficient access of right functional abstractions of circuits is achieved. >
Stigmatizing a "normal" condition: urinary incontinence in late life.

The geriatric medical literature presents a perspective on urinary incontinence in the elderly that is sharply divergent from the realities of medical and lay responses to incontinence. This contrast raises questions about the cultural significance of urinary incontinence. The geriatric literature reveals a consensus that urinary incontinence, a major health problem among the elderly, is treatable and frequently reversible. The elderly and their health care providers, however, not only see incontinence as an inevitable, irreversible, and normal part of growing old but also consider it a sign of incompetence. This linkage of incontinence with incompetence forces elderly people to adopt several strategies for managing their incontinence so as not to compromise their competence in the eyes of others. Incontinence is a cultural symbol for the increasing dependencies of old age, dependencies that are much feared and resented in U.S. society, where tremendous emphasis is placed on independence even into advanced old age.
Shape of liquid drops moving in liquid media

An investigation of the effects of various physical properties, drop size, and drop velocity on drop shape was carried out for nonoscillating liquid drops falling through stationary liquid continuous phases. The data of forty-five dispersed-continuous phase systems were studied with continuous phase viscosities varying from 0.3 to 46 centipoise and interfacial tensions varying from 0.3 to 42 dyne/cm. A theoretical relation was obtained from the Taylor and Acrivos analysis which quite accurately predicts drop eccentricities for drop Reynolds numbers less than about 20, but is highly inaccurate at higher Reynolds numbers. Relatively simple empirical relations involving the Weber number, Eotvos number, and viscosity ratio were obtained which enable the prediction of the eccentricity of nonoscillating drops over a wide range of Reynolds numbers (6.0 to 1,354) with average deviations of 6 to 8%. These relations may be useful in the estimation of the interfacial area, velocity, and continuous phase mass transfer coefficient of drops distorted from spherical shape.
Marginal regression models for clustered count data based on zero‐inflated Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution with applications

Community water fluoridation is an important public health measure to prevent dental caries, but it continues to be somewhat controversial. The Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) is a longitudinal study on a cohort of Iowa children that began in 1991. The main purposes of this study (http://www.dentistry.uiowa.edu/preventive-fluoride-study) were to quantify fluoride exposures from both dietary and nondietary sources and to associate longitudinal fluoride exposures with dental fluorosis (spots on teeth) and dental caries (cavities). We analyze a subset of the IFS data by a marginal regression model with a zero-inflated version of the Conway-Maxwell-Poisson distribution for count data exhibiting excessive zeros and a wide range of dispersion patterns. In general, we introduce two estimation methods for fitting a ZICMP marginal regression model. Finite sample behaviors of the estimators and the resulting confidence intervals are studied using extensive simulation studies. We apply our methodologies to the dental caries data. Our novel modeling incorporating zero inflation, clustering, and overdispersion sheds some new light on the effect of community water fluoridation and other factors. We also include a second application of our methodology to a genomic (next-generation sequencing) dataset that exhibits underdispersion.
Organizational Control for Data Mining with Large Numbers of Agents

Over the last few years, my research group has begun exploring the issues involved in learning when there are hundreds to thousands of agents. We have been using the idea of organization control as a low overhead way of coordinating the learning of such large agent collectives. In this lecture, the results of this research will be discussed and its relationship to issues in distributed data mining.
Cognitive Development of the Learning-Disabled Child

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the issues associated with identifying and evaluating learning-disabled children. It describes the phenomena of learning disabilities and presents a historical overview of different models of learning disabilities. The four general approaches discussed are the neurophysiological, developmental lag, academic, and deficiency models. For persons who are deficient in knowledge but not strategy, good performance is expected only on those problem types in which either no strategy or knowledge is demanded or strategy use alone is needed. Maximum performance is expected of persons who are knowledgeable but strategy deficient, only on problems that do not require strategic intervention or those devoid of both the strategy and knowledge components. Through analyses of different environmental demands and assessments of the status of a person's strategies and knowledge, effective educational programs can be engineered. The chapter outlines the possible relationships between existing knowledge about cognitive development and the behavior of the learning-disabled child.
The art of abortion. 1. Curettage of the pregnant uterus.

The most efficient method of abortion for pregnancy 12 weeks or less is suction curettage. Aids to cervical dilation are paracervical block succinylcholine drip graduated dilators heated dilators estrogen therapy given for a few days prior to the procedure lubricants a Vibro-Dilator and laminaria tents. The techniques of suction and sharp curettage are described. Complications include low grade endometritis and cervical laceration. The management of complications is discussed.
An axiological model of the relationship between consciousness and value

Abstract There is a long tradition in both philosophy and psychology that views consciousness as the sine qua non of value. The author draws upon axiological theory to explore how consciousness is related to value and argues that because of this relationship, psychology is, to a large extent, an inquiry into values. The author articulates 14 modes of our conscious life and shows how these modes provide the basis for a cartography of values. In taking our conscious life as its subject matter psychology inevitably both studies values and enters into normative, axiological judgments. However, while psychology studies values, meanings, and their interactions, and makes normative judgments regarding the actualization of values in individuals, psychology can no more dictate the hierarchy or arrangement of values and meanings than chemistry can dictate how elements should be compounded.
Studies on the reduction of tetrazolium salts. 3. The products of chemical and enzymic reduction.

1. Formazans have been prepared from chromatographically pure MTT, NBT and NT (a) by chemical reduction in a test tube, and (b) by enzymic reduction in tissue sections. 2. The formazans were analysed (a) by spectrophotometry in solution, (b) by microdensitometry in tissue sections, and (c) by thin layer chromatography. 3. MTT produces one formazan. This can exist in several forms depending (a) on the polarity of the solvent or tissue component with which it is associated, and (b) on the presence of chelating metal ions. 4. NBT and NT each produce two formazans. A reddish ethanol-soluble polar compound is a half-reduced intermediate, and a bluish ethanol-insoluble non-polar compound is the fully reduced di-formazan. These products can be measured separately. 5. There was no evidence for the existence of any free radical formazan intermediates in formazans extracted from incubated sections.
Spaces of Thought

People inhabit a variety of spaces, the space of the body, the space around the body, the space of navigation. They also create spaces to promote cognition, communication, and collaboration. People’s mental representations of each of these spaces differ, and differ systematically from Euclidean space. Instead people’s conceptions reflect their perception of and action in each space.
Study on isolating iufluenza viruses from MDCK cell

Objective To summarize the experience of isolating influenza virus from MDCK cell, and to optimize the isolation method for influenza isolation and raise the ability of influenza surveillance. Methods Sixtyone cases of influenza viruses positive specimens identified with PCR method by the influenza network laboratory in Xianyang CDC were used to infect the MDCK cells. The influenza viruses-infected MDCK cells were collected and characterized by hemagglutination test and hemagglutination inhibition assay. Meanwhile, different concentrations of glutamine liquid were added to the medium to investigate the effect of glutamine on the growth of MDCK cells.Results Twenty five flu strains were isolated from 61 cases influenza viruses positive specimens, of which 18 were A(H3N2) subtype strains and 7 were A(H1N1) subtype strains. The titer of HA was higher than 1 ∶ 16, and the titer of HI was higher than 1 ∶ 640. The proliferation rate of MDCK cells was low, and the cell activity was also decreased at 48 h after incubation with glutamine concentration lower than 0.1%. Conclusions The influenza viruses were isolated from the MDCK cells. The glutamine concentration is strongly associated with the activity of MDCK cells and cell apoptosis.
Investigation on Smoking Among Residents Over Age of 18 in Sichuan

Objective To understand the basic situation of smoking in Sichuan,and to explore the key direction of controlling smoking.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method were adopted;residents over the age of 18 and living for more than 6 months in 8 monitoring points were investigated,with a total number of 4 847.Results The proportion were as following: daily smokers,24.8%;non-daily smokers,3.1%;non-smokers for the current time,72.1%;female passive smokers,79.22%;passive smoking rate,50.1%;the quit rate,17.31%;successful quit rate,2.35%.Conclusion The key point to reduce future smokers was tobacco control education for adolescents.The vulnerable population of passive smoking was women.
Reproductive health in Southeast Asia.

According to projections by the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) the region of Southeast Asia will be the next global "hot spot" of the AIDS epidemic. It is noted that rates of infection are escalating rapidly as the economies of the countries in this region crash and sexual exploitation feeds upon the desperation of impoverished young women their families and communities. In view of such The Asian Reproductive Health Graduate Education and Training Program was launched during the 1999 International Womens Day. Public health practitioners from Southeast Asia and the US gathered in Bangkok to launch this month-long intensive reproductive health course. Participants were from Cambodia Lao Peoples democratic Republic Burma the Philippines Thailand and Vietnam as well as North Carolina. Discussions focused on economic and political stability health infrastructure and health and social welfare of the countries.
Time-Resolved Fourier Spectroscopy of Energy Transfer in (Ho3+,Yb3+):KYF4

Time-resolved Fourier-transfonn spectroscopy is applied to a near infrared energy transfer problem in an optically activated insulator for the first time. Two Ho3+ → Yb3+ channels in the up-conversion laser crystal ( Ho3+, Yb3+):KYF4 are studied in luminescence with simultaneous temporal and spectral resolution. A simple rate equation model fit to the data confirms a previous analysis for transfer from Ho3+ 5F4, 5S2 levels but suggest a more complex picture for transfer from Ho3+ 5F5 levels.
Questions for the Patient Accounts/Receivable Manager

Most practices have someone responsible for answering patient business questions. Mail should be answered on a daily basis and a phone request can be answered immediately when information is readily available. If normal office operating procedure is to take the phone request, look up the information and call the patient back at a later time with the pertinent data, there can be significant savings in personnel time if the patient accounts manager has ready access to a computer record (Fig. 5.1). When patients inquire about an account status, they are often ready to make some sort of payment. A quick response to their question improves cash flow.
Uses of the Computer in Motivational Psychology

In this chapter I will illustrate three uses of the computer in motivational research: (a) simulation for hypothesis generation; (b) presentation of stimuli for empirical testing of those hypotheses; and (c) modelling of empirical results for parameter estimation. My research program combines the Atkinson and Birch (1970) dynamics of action model and classical achievement motivation theory (Atkinson, 1957; Atkinson & Feather, 1966) and Lewinian level of aspiration theory (Lewin, Dembo, Festinger, & Sears, 1944).
Tandem Catalysis for CO2 Hydrogenation to C2–C4 Hydrocarbons

Conversion of carbon dioxide to C2–C4 hydrocarbons is a major pursuit in clean energy research. Despite tremendous efforts, the lack of well-defined catalysts in which the spatial arrangement of interfaces is precisely controlled hinders the development of more efficient catalysts and in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms. Herein, we utilized the strategy of tandem catalysis to develop a well-defined nanostructured catalyst CeO2–Pt@mSiO2–Co for converting CO2 to C2–C4 hydrocarbons using two metal-oxide interfaces. C2–C4 hydrocarbons are found to be produced with high (60%) selectivity, which is speculated to be the result of the two-step tandem process uniquely allowed by this catalyst. Namely, the Pt/CeO2 interface converts CO2 and H2 to CO, and on the neighboring Co/mSiO2 interface yields C2–C4 hydrocarbons through a subsequent Fischer–Tropsch process. In addition, the catalysts show no obvious deactivation over 40 h. The successful production of C2–C4 hydrocarbons via a tandem process on a rati...
TraNNsformer: Neural Network Transformation for memristive crossbar based neuromorphic system design

Implementation of Neuromorphic Systems using post Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology based Memristive Crossbar Array (MCA) has emerged as a promising solution to enable low-power acceleration of neural networks. However, the recent trend to design Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for achieving human-like cognitive abilities poses significant challenges towards the scalable design of neuromorphic systems (due to the increase in computation/storage demands). Network pruning [7] is a powerful technique to remove redundant connections for designing optimally connected (maximally sparse) DNNs. However, such pruning techniques induce irregular connections that are incoherent to the crossbar structure. Eventually they produce DNNs with highly inefficient hardware realizations (in terms of area and energy). In this work, we propose TraNNsformer - an integrated training framework that transforms DNNs to enable their efficient realization on MCA-based systems. TraNNsformer first prunes the connectivity matrix while forming clusters with the remaining connections. Subsequently, it retrains the network to fine tune the connections and reinforce the clusters. This is done iteratively to transform the original connectivity into an optimally pruned and maximally clustered mapping. We evaluated the proposed framework by transforming different Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) based Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) on a wide range of datasets (MNIST, SVHN and CIFAR10) and executing them on MCA-based systems to analyze the area and energy benefits. Without accuracy loss, TraNNsformer reduces the area (energy) consumption by 28% - 55% (49% - 67%) with respect to the original network. Compared to network pruning, TraNNsformer achieves 28% - 49% (15% - 29%) area (energy) savings. Furthermore, TraNNsformer is a technology-aware framework that allows mapping a given DNN to any MCA size permissible by the memristive technology for reliable operations.
Strategies to retain properties of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells ex vivo

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used for cell therapies and tissue engineering. The current MSC strategy requires a large quantity of cells for such applications, which can be achieved through cell expansion in culture. In the body, stem cell fate is largely determined by their microenvironment, known as the niche. The complex and dynamic stem cell niche provides physical, mechanical, and chemical cues to collaboratively regulate cell activities. It remains a great challenge to maintain the properties of MSCs in culture. Constructing a microenvironment as an engineered stem cell niche in culture to maintain MSC phenotypes, properties, and functions is a viable strategy to address the issue. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC behavior in the bone marrow niche, describe different strategies to engineer an in vitro microenvironment for maintaining MSC properties and functions, and discuss previous findings on environmental factors critical to the modulation of MSC activities in engineered microenvironments.
Vaccine Science and Immunology

The first vaccines were made from intact or weakened infectious agents. An improved understanding of the immune system has fostered the development of additional types of vaccines, which provide immunity without risk of infection. These newer types of vaccines can be helpful when immunizing special populations, such as newborns or geriatric patients, who may have weakened immune systems. Modern vaccines may also contain additional materials such as adjuvants, which enhance immunogenicity. Antibiotics and preservatives may be used to prevent contamination during manufacture or after distribution.
Determining the Levels of Participation of Women Living in Rural Areas in Training Activities on Women’s Rights: Case of Turkey

The objective of this study is to reveal the social structures of women living in the province of Gumushane and to determine their social position and relations. Furthermore, to determine whether o...
Scanner Detection Based on Connection Attempt Success Ratio with Guaranteed False Positive and False Negative Probabilities

Since the link rate is very high up to 40Gbps these days, scanning packets can spread very fast. At this high speed, only a small chance of missing on-going scanning activity can lead to catastrophic results. Thus, fast and accurate detection of scanners is a very important problem. High-speed packet processing usually requires high-speed memory, SRAM, and the size of SRAM is very limited compared with DRAM. We propose a connection attempt success ratio based scanning detection scheme which guarantees false positive and false negative probabilities under a memory-limited environment. Our scheme can also detect slow scanners with guaranteed performance. A sampling-based extended version can overcome the limitation of short-history-based scanning detection schemes and detects enhanced scanners with a list of pre-acquired IP addresses with guaranteed performance. The proposed scheme reduces the required memory size from O(N2) to O(N), where N is the number of active hosts. We apply Bloom filter in order to further reduce the memory size. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme through simulation.
3D models of EGFR-dependent breast cancer: mechanisms of activation, drug response and resistance

2227 While common in other epithelial tumors, mutations in components downstream of the EGFR such as Ras and Raf are rare in breast tumors. We have defined an autocrine loop in a model of human breast cancer progression consisting of two EGFR ligands, Amphiregulin and TGF-alpha, and a protease, TACE/ADAM17, which is essential for their activity. Targeting this protease using small molecule inhibitors or siRNAs results in a reversion of the malignant phenotype in this 3D culture model, phenocopying EGFR inhibition. Although TACE has many substrates, we demonstrate definitively that the reverting effect of TACE inhibition is a direct consequence of the inhibition of growth factor ectodomain shedding. Additionally, we report that response to small molecule EGFR inhibitors is significantly affected by EGFR ligand levels in the microenvironment suggesting that high levels of these proteins may contribute to EGFR inhibitor resistance. We further demonstrate a strong positive correlation between TACE and TGF-alpha expression in human breast tumors that is predictive of poor prognosis. TGF-alpha expression was strongly associated with tumors of the Basal sub-class, while Amphiregulin expression was associated with Estrogen Receptor positive tumors of the Luminal and Normal sub-classes. Using a panel of Estrogen Receptor positive breast cancer cell lines we show that Amphiregulin is a key target of estrogen receptor signaling. These data implicate TACE as a therapeutically tractable enzyme, the inhibition of which effectively blocks EGFR signaling by preventing mobilization of ligands for this receptor and suggest that co-ordinate inhibition of TACE may augment the activity of EGFR inhibitors in a clinical setting in tumors of the breast and other epithelial tissues.
Advanced Conservation Methods for Historical Monuments

Successful monument repair projects have been completed by bringing together art conservators, engineers, and materials scientists. Conservators bring historical perspective and skill in repair. Engineers contribute numerical simulations and reinforced join designs. Materials scientists contribute specially designed adhesives and fracture mechanics-based material interactions. The repair of Adam (Tullio Lombardo c. 1490–95) challenged historical means and methods after a catastrophic accident. Prior restorations were limited by traditional techniques, most notably the use of invasive steel pins to repair fractures. This chapter details the design of an advanced fracture mechanics-based join repair using adhesives and pins, preserving the integrity and longevity of Adam. Included is the design of a protective adhesive to enhance the join’s mechanical performance. A pinning design is laid out, focusing on material selection, study of the stresses in the substrate and pin, and failure modes. Finally, recommendations are made for those seeking to undertake restorations.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Signal Intensity Ratio Predicts the Effect of Revascularization on Ischemic Cerebral Edema.

BACKGROUND Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging is a biomarker of cytotoxic injury that predicts edema formation and outcome after ischemic stroke. It therefore has the potential to serve as a "tissue clock" to describe the extent of ischemic injury and potentially predict response to therapy. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between baseline ADC signal intensity, revascularization, and edema formation. METHODS We examined the ADC signal intensity ratio (ADCr) of the stroke lesion (defined as the baseline DWI hyperintense region) compared to the contralateral normal hemisphere in 65 subjects from the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy trial. The associations between ADCr, neurologic outcome, and cerebral edema were examined. Finally, we explored the interaction between baseline ADCr and vessel recanalization at day 7 on post-stroke edema. RESULTS We found that lower initial ADCr was associated with a worse outcome on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days (52.2% of those with ADCr <64% were mRS 5-6 vs. 19.1% with ADCr ≥64%, p = 0.006). Those subjects with reconstitution of flow distal to the initial vessel occlusion showed greater normalization of ADCr on follow-up scan (increase in ADCr of 16.4 ± 2.07 vs. 1.99 ± 4.33%, p = 0.0039). In those patients with low baseline ADCr, successful revascularization was associated with reduced edema (median swelling volume 164 mL [interquartile range (IQR) 53.3-190 mL] vs. 20.7 mL [IQR 3.20-55.1 mL], p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS This study reaffirms the association of ADCr with outcome after stroke, supports the idea that reperfusion may attenuate rather than enhance post-stroke edema, and indicates that the degree of edema with and without revascularization may be predicted by ADCr.
Application of tendon plating to manage failed calcaneal tendon repairs in a dog.

Objective To report the application of a plate to treat a complicated calcaneal tendon rupture and the resulting outcome. Study design Clinical case report. Animals A 3-year-old Labrador retriever. Methods A 3-year-old Labrador retriever was treated for a partially ruptured calcaneal tendon. Two primary tendon repairs with sutures and external fixation had failed. A veterinary cuttable plate was placed to internally span the tendon over the primary repair. The external fixation that had been previously placed was maintained, and the dog was placed in a non-weight-bearing sling for 3 weeks after surgery. Adjunct therapy included an injection of platelet-rich plasma in the tendon and laser therapy. The external fixator was removed 4 weeks postoperatively, and the plate was removed 8 weeks postoperatively. Results A mature fibrous union bridged the site of anastomosis 8 weeks after surgery. The owners reported normal activity 6 months after surgery and symmetric hock angles and musculature 2 years after surgery. Conclusion Adjunct plating of previously failed calcaneal tendon repairs in a dog resulted in an excellent long-term outcome. Clinical significance Plating tendons can be considered as an additional method that may improve tendon apposition and decrease gap formation.
Psychosexual functioning in sexually active female survivors of childhood cancer.

136Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) may be at risk for low psychosexual function. We estimated the prevalence of low psychosexual function among female CCS, and evaluated associations w...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Solitary Inflammatory Brain Masses

Brain lesions in inflammatory diseases may present as solitary masses, prompting a biopsy. We present neuroimaging and histologic findings in five patients with solitary, inflammatory, demyelinating mass lesions located in the supratentorial white matter and gray-white junction. The patients presented with seizures, focal neurologic signs, and neuroimaging findings that indicated the possibility of a neoplasm. Computed tomography (CT) revealed enhancing, single hypodense lesions associated with mild or no mass effect. On MRI, the lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Variable patterns of enhancement were noted on CT and MRI, including homogeneous/patchy (n = 3) and ring/nodular (n = 1) enhancement. There was no evidence of calcification or hemorrhage. Biopsies revealed a leukoencephalitis and demyelination, with varying degrees of demyelination among the cases. The syndrome, relating to a solitary lesion, was corticosteroid-sensitive, and it ultimately stabilized. Extensive longitudinal evaluations failed to reveal multiple sclerosis, infection, or neoplasm. Solitary inflammatory lesions add to the differential diagnosis of large, supratentorial, solitary space-occupying lesions noted on CT and MRI scans.
Psychology of Asian American Adults: Challenges and Strengths

This chapter examines the mental health issues of Asian American adults from two perspectives. First, there is a focus on prejudice and discrimination, acculturative stress, and family conflict as major challenges to psychological adjustment and mental health. Second, psychosocial factors that contribute to resilience in Asian American adults are discussed, specifically, cultural values, family, religious and community institutions, and ethnic identity.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Envelope

The mycobacterial cell wall is a complex and intriguing mixture of components which sets Mycobacterium tuberculosis apart from all other known bacterial species (Goodfellow and Minnikin 1984). To understand the M. tuberculosis cell wall, one must first consider the biology of the tubercle bacillus. Tuberculosis has long been known as a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Indeed it is believed that one third of the word’s population is infected with M. tuberculosis (Sudre et al. 1992). Evidence of tuberculosis-like infections date back many thousands of years, and it is very likely that tuberculosis-related infections have plagued humankind since the dawn of civilization. M. tuberculosis is primarily an intracellular pathogen which resides within the phagolysosomes of alveolar macrophages. Perhaps as a consequence of this intracellular environment, the highly intricate features of the tubercle bacilli cell wall have undergone extensive evolutionary changes.