cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE TYRANNY OF DEAD IDEAS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING: Midwest Sociological Society Presidential Address 2010

Clinging to dead ideas about teaching and learning limits our practice as professors. The resulting tyranny means we fail to educate our students as effectively as we might. This address challenges faculty to reconsider their understanding and habits in three areas: the preparedness of students, the impact of grading policies on learning motivation, and the role of technology in teaching. The good news is that learned behaviors, sociologically informed reflection, and the application of the research in the scholarship of teaching and learning can liberate us and improve the experiences of teachers and learners alike.
Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss consume less energy when swimming near obstructions.

The effect of obstructions in steady flow on swimming by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was examined in a respirometry swim tunnel to test the prediction that fish interacting with obstructions require less energy to hold station. When an obstruction was present, O. mykiss altered the kinematics of swimming and the rate of oxygen consumption was significantly reduced. The fish employed both entrainment and Karman gait swimming strategies, permitting greater locomotor efficiency.
Orientational constraints as three‐dimensional structural constraints from chemical shift anisotropy: The polypeptide backbone of gramicidin A in a lipid bilayer

Chemical shifts observed from samples that are uniformly aligned with respect to the magnetic field can be used as very high-resolution structural constraints. This constraint takes the form of an orientational constraint rather than the more familiar distance constraint. The accuracy of these constraints is dependent upon the quality of the tensor characterization. Both tensor element magnitudes and tensor orientations with respect to the molecular frame need to be considered. Here these constraints have been used to evaluate models for the channel conformation of gramicidin A. Of the three models used, the one experimentally derived model of gramicidin in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles fits the data least well.
Prostaglandin production and platelet reactivity of small-diameter grafts

Abstract This article examines the relationship of platelet deposition to thromboxane and prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) production in arterial autografts (n = 8), para-anastomotic native artery (n = 40), nonseeded control (n = 6), and endothelial cell-seeded (n = 17) small-diameter Dacron grafts implanted in the carotid and femoral arteries of dogs. Platelet deposition was measured by a dual-isotope subtraction platelet-imaging technique that expresses platelet deposition as percent indium excess (%IE). PGI 2 and thromboxane assays were performed with the use of an immunoreactive assay. The %IE in the nonseeded grafts was significantly higher than in the seeded prostheses (p 2 (TXA 2 ) production in nonseeded grafts was significantly higher than in seeded grafts (p 2 production by the arterial autografts was significantly higher than by the nonseeded grafts (p 1α /TXB 2 ratio was significantly higher in the arterial autografts when compared with the nonseeded grafts (p 2 by native arteries and prosthetic grafts may have an important influence on platelet deposition and patency. The balance between the production of TXA 2 and PGI 2 in the graft wall may be the best determinant of platelet deposition and possibly of long-term patency. (J VASC SURG 1984;1:774-781.)
New adaptive-signal-processing concept

A new device is proposed that combines a surface-wave memory with an acoustoelectric convolver to yield an adaptive real-time correlator and convolver. The principal difficulty in combining these devices is obtaining short intense electron bursts in a small gap between a piezoelectric and a semiconductor.
Influence of in-grain mesh resolution on the prediction of deformation textures in fcc polycrystals by crystal plasticity FEM

The ability of three different crystal plasticity finite element models to predict deformation textures in face-centered cubic metals observed in experiments is assessed. These methods are: (i) Taylor averaging, in which the interactions of the grains are considered in a homogenized manner; (ii) low-resolution simulation (LRS), in which grain interactions are considered explicitly albeit with low resolution; and (iii) direct numerical simulation (DNS), which provides high-resolution details of the deformation fields inside the grains and of the grain interactions. A quantitative comparison of the numerical results provided by these three methods against experimental plane-strain compression textures is performed via orientation distribution functions and fiber line analysis. It is found that some details of the texture which are inaccessible to either Taylor averaging and LRS approaches are captured by the DNS approach. This can be explained by the ability of the high-resolution DNS method to describe details of the grain interactions, including heterogeneous deformation under homogeneous macroscopic strain and smooth gradients of lattice rotations inside the grains which are missing in low-resolution models.
Teaching Statistics with Sports Examples

Class material for introductory and advanced statistics can be colorfully illustrated by using appropriate data and examples from sports. Specific methods, including statistical graphics e.g., boxplots, ball-and-urn probabilities, and statistical regression are demonstrated. Examples are drawn from popular American sports such as baseball, basketball, soccer, and American football. Classroom feedback indicates that that most students enjoy sports examples as a way to learn abstract concepts using familiar, recreational settings.
THE CENTRAL PLACE OF RACE IN CRIME AND JUSTICE—THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY'S 2011 SUTHERLAND ADDRESS*

In the United States and elsewhere, racial and ethnic disparities in crime and criminal justice are relatively ubiquitous. Yet the meaning of such disparities is not well understood. To address this concern, periodically there have been calls for research that takes into account the broader structural context of the racially and ethnically inequitable crime and justice patterns. However, a comprehensive approach to understanding such inequality is seldom applied in research. In this article, I review findings from a program of research on crime across race–ethnic neighborhoods that I have undertaken with Lauren J. Krivo and other colleagues to provide, and assess, such a framework. The starting point of our approach is that ethnoracial inequality in neighborhood crime is an outgrowth of a racialized social structure maintained largely through racial residential segregation. As anticipated, the findings illustrate the value added from research that embeds its assessment of crime and justice within an understanding of structured societal inequality. From these results, I call for placing race and ethnicity at the center of the study of crime and justice.
Lower lung field tuberculosis.

Lower lung field tuberculosis without concomitant upper lobe disease occurs in 7 percent or less of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. It roost likely results from transbronchial perforation of a hilar lymph node, with spread into the adjacent lung. In our study of 27 patients with lower lung field tuberculosis, the majority were under 40 years of age, there were more men than women, and no racial preference was noted. Diabetes meilitus and pregnancy seem to predispose to lower lung field tuberculosis. The onset of disease is more acute than in upper lobe tuberculosis, but less acute than in bacterial or viral pneumonia with which it is often confused. Radiographic changes are found equally in the right and left lungs and in the basal and superior segments of the lower lobes; involvement of the middle lobe and lingula is less common. Extensive confluent (homogeneous) consolidation is found more often than in upper lobe disease and acinar shadows less frequently. Cavities may be isolated or within consolidated areas, are usually single, often over 3 cm in diameter and more frequently contain fluid than those in the upper lobes. Pleural effusion and hilar lymphadenopathy are also more common than in upper lobe disease. Tubercle bacilli may be difficult to demonstrate on smear and culture and multiple examinations should be performed. Bronchoscope washings and postbronchoscopy sputa may reveal tubercle bacilli when routine expectorated specimens do not. Tuberculosis should be considered a diagnostic possibility in patients with “lower lung field pneumonia” who do not appear acutely in or who have had symptoms for more than several days and particularly for several weeks. Important clues to the diagnosis of tuberculosis are hemoptysis, normal white blood cell count, cavitation, hilar lymphadenopatby, pleural effusion, evidence of old tuberculosis, and especially failure to improve radiologically with treatment for pneumonia. The results of treatment with antituberculosis drugs are similar to those in upper lobe tuberculosis.
Use of sleep hygiene in the treatment of insomnia.

Sleep hygiene (SH) refers to a list of behaviors, environmental conditions, and other sleep-related factors that can be adjusted as a stand-alone treatment or component of multimodal treatment for patients with insomnia. This paper presents a review of SH, how this concept has been applied and often modified over the past 24 years, and how it relates to the modern sleep disorder nosology, particularly Inadequate Sleep Hygiene. Although a recognized and commonly utilized treatment option, there is no absolute consensus about which steps must be included to constitute SH treatment, and there is much overlap between SH and other cognitive-behavioral treatments for insomnia such as Stimulus Control Procedures and Sleep Restriction Therapy. The literature on the effects of manipulations of individual components of SH under experimental conditions (e.g. effects of presleep alcohol or caffeine intake) in normal sleepers show mixed results. Empirical data demonstrating the role of poor SH as a contributor to insomnia, or showing that good SH improves sleep in patients with insomnia, is not available. Instead of evaluating the impact of a comprehensive list of SH recommendations, a focus on guidelines for use of individual rules is needed.
Research issues in automatic database clustering

While a lot of work has been published on clustering of data on storage medium, little has been done about automating this process. This is an important area because with data proliferation, human attention has become a precious and expensive resource. Our goal is to develop an automatic and dynamic database clustering technique that will dynamically re-cluster a database with little intervention of a database administrator (DBA) and maintain an acceptable query response time at all times. In this paper we describe the issues that need to be solved when developing such a technique.
Prevention of local tumor recurrence following surgery using low-dose chemotherapeutic polymer films.

Aim To evaluate the efficacy of a polymer film designed for prolonged paclitaxel release at surgical margins to prevent local recurrence in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following complete surgical resection in a murine model.
Glucose Transporter 8 (GLUT8) Regulates Enterocyte Fructose Transport and Global Mammalian Fructose Utilization

Enterocyte fructose absorption is a tightly regulated process that precedes the deleterious effects of excess dietary fructose in mammals. Glucose transporter (GLUT)8 is a glucose/fructose transporter previously shown to be expressed in murine intestine. The in vivo function of GLUT8, however, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate enhanced fructose-induced fructose transport in both in vitro and in vivo models of enterocyte GLUT8 deficiency. Fructose exposure stimulated [(14)C]-fructose uptake and decreased GLUT8 protein abundance in Caco2 colonocytes, whereas direct short hairpin RNA-mediated GLUT8 knockdown also stimulated fructose uptake. To assess GLUT8 function in vivo, we generated GLUT8-deficient (GLUT8KO) mice. GLUT8KO mice exhibited significantly greater jejunal fructose uptake at baseline and after high-fructose diet (HFrD) feeding vs. wild-type mice. Strikingly, long-term HFrD feeding in GLUT8KO mice exacerbated fructose-induced increases in blood pressure, serum insulin, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol vs. wild-type controls. Enhanced fructose uptake paralleled with increased abundance of the fructose and glucose transporter, GLUT12, in HFrD-fed GLUT8KO mouse enterocytes and in Caco2 cultures exposed to high-fructose medium. We conclude that GLUT8 regulates enterocyte fructose transport by regulating GLUT12, and that disrupted GLUT8 function has deleterious long-term metabolic sequelae. GLUT8 may thus represent a modifiable target in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition or the metabolic syndrome.
Vertical seismic profile inversion with genetic algorithms

SUMMARY We describe a new genetic-algorithm (GA) inversion technique and apply it to a vertical seismic profile (VSP) inversion problem where the goal is to recover slowness and impedance profiles. Our algorithm consists of one long (300 generations) and a series of short (50 generations) GA runs. After each run the problem is reparametrized using the matrix of partial second derivatives in a neighbourhood of the best model found in that run. The new unknown parameters are more nearly independent than the old ones, thus successive GA runs find better models faster, in accordance with the principle of meaningful building blocks. For the VSP problem we use a fitness function that is the weighted sum of the cross-correlation between the measured and synthetic total wavefields and the cross-correlation between the measured and synthetic upgoing wavefields. The measured upgoing wavefield is obtained from the measured total wavefield by f-k
Hydroxychloroquine Use Is Associated With Decreased Incident Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This study is the first to report the association of hydroxychloroquine (an antirheumatic medication that has been associated with decreased risk of diabetes, a less atherogenic lipid profile, and antithrombotic properties) with CVD in RA. Methods and Results A retrospective incident RA cohort from January 1, 2001, to October 31, 2013, excluding patients with CVD prior to RA diagnosis, was constructed. Patients were categorized as hydroxychloroquine users versus nonusers and were allowed to contribute time to either group according to hydroxychloroquine exposure. The primary outcome was adjudicated incident CVD defined as a composite of coronary artery disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, sudden cardiac death, and peripheral artery disease with arterial revascularization procedure. The secondary outcome was a composite of incident coronary artery disease, stroke, and transient ischemic attack. Cox time‐varying regression models were used to estimate the association between hydroxychloroquine exposure and development of CVD, after adjusting for propensity score and relevant confounders, including demographics, CVD‐related comorbidities, RA severity, and activity indicators and medications. We included 1266 RA patients, 547 hydroxychloroquine users, and 719 nonusers. During the observation period, 102 CVD events occurred, 3 in hydroxychloroquine users and 99 in nonusers. The fully adjusted Cox model showed a hazard ratio of 0.28 (95% CI 0.12–0.63, P =0.002) for incident CVD and 0.30 (95% CI 0.13–0.68, P =0.004) for incident composite coronary artery disease, stroke, and transient ischemic attack for hydroxychloroquine users versus nonusers, respectively. Conclusion In this hypothesis‐generating study, hydroxychloroquine use was associated with a 72% decrease in the risk of incident CVD in RA patients. If these preliminary results are confirmed in larger studies, our findings may be used as a rationale for a randomized study of hydroxychloroquine use for primary prevention of CVD in RA or nonrheumatic high‐risk patients.
Fundamental Limits to Collective Concentration Sensing in Cell Populations.

Cells that communicate with each other can measure chemical concentrations with higher precision if they spread out into a sparse configuration.
Spatial Variation and Correlation between Undrained Shear Strength and Plasticity Index

Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409. Email: xkb4c@mst.edu Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409. Email: sokbd@mst.edu Assistant Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409. Email: geyun@mst.edu Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409. Email: Stephens@mst.edu
An altered response to cyclic AMP stimulating hormones in intact human leukemic lymphocytes.

SummaryLymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia were assayed for cyclic AMP content and their response to effector stimulation, in terms of increased cellular cyclic AMP levels. Concentrations of isoprotere-nol, epinephrine, and prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2α which produced potent responses in normal lymphocytes were much less effective in increasing cyclic AMP levels of leu-kemic lymphocytes. The response to PGE2 was depressed from an 8-fold stimulation over basal, in the normal lymphocyte, to a 1.6-fold response in the leukemic lymphocyte. These data, along with those obtained previously with particulate preparations, indicate that a dysfunction in receptor-aden-ylate cyclase interaction may exist within the membrane of leukemic cells.
Imaging of primary pediatric lymphoma of bone

Primary pediatric bone lymphoma is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Unlike nodal forms of lymphoma, imaging abnormalities in lymphoma of bone do not resolve rapidly in conjunction with treatment and radiologic findings can remain abnormal for years, making it difficult to evaluate treatment response. To evaluate the utility of imaging in assessment of patients with primary pediatric bone lymphoma. At our institution between 2004 and 2013, six cases of pathology-proven primary pediatric bone lymphoma were diagnosed. Retrospective chart review was performed to assess imaging utilization. Our data were qualitatively compared with existing literature to construct an algorithm for imaging patients with primary lymphoma of bone. Imaging evaluation of patients with primary pediatric bone lymphoma was highly variable at our institution. Conventional imaging was routinely used to evaluate response to treatment, despite lack of appreciable osseous change. Imaging in the absence of symptoms did not alter clinical management. Only positron emission tomography CT (PET/CT) proved capable of demonstrating imaging changes from the pretreatment to the post-treatment scans that were consistent with the clinical response to treatment. Surveillance imaging is likely unnecessary in patients with a known diagnosis of pediatric lymphoma of bone. Pretreatment and post-treatment PET/CT is likely sufficient to assess response. There is little data to support the use of interim and surveillance PET/CT.
Hydrolysis of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate by human placental steroid 3β-sulphatase in [18O]water

1. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was hydrolysed by human placental steroid 3beta-sulphatase in H(2) (18)O. Equimolar amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone and sodium sulphate were similarly incubated as controls. After incubation, unconjugated steroid was extracted with ether and sulphate precipitated as barium sulphate. Both were analysed for (18)O-content by mass spectroscopy, the sulphate as carbon dioxide after initial pyrolysis with graphite. 2. In duplicate experiments, amounts of (18)O equivalent to 67% and 72% respectively of the theoretical content calculated for rupture of the O-S bond were present in the sulphate. As the enzyme preparation used was a microsomal preparation containing unenriched endogenous sulphate and phosphate, and as no incorporation of isotope was found in the steroid, it is concluded that the placental enzyme effects hydrolysis by rupture of the O-S bond.
Clinical Approach to the Patient With a Hemorrhagic Disorder

Diagnosis of hemorrhagic disorders depends heavily on results of laboratory examinations; however, a sound and thorough clinical approach is also important. The proper clinical approach should first reveal whether or not an abnormality in hemostasis exists. This conclusion would lead to proper investigations, which are determined by consultation between clinician and pathologist. The results of these investigations would guide rational therapy.
Omitted data in randomized controlled trials for anxiety and depression: A systematic review of the inclusion of sexual orientation and gender identity.

Objective The current study examined the frequency with which randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioral and psychological interventions for anxiety and depression include data pertaining to participant sexual orientation and nonbinary gender identities. Method Using systematic review methodology, the databases PubMed and PsycINFO were searched to identify RCTs published in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Random selections of 400 articles per database per year (2,400 articles in total) were considered for inclusion in the review. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were read and coded by the research team to identify whether the trial reported data pertaining to participant sexual orientation and nonbinary gender identities. Additional trial characteristics were also identified and indexed in our database (e.g., sample size, funding source). Results Of the 232 articles meeting inclusion criteria, only 1 reported participants' sexual orientation, and zero articles included nonbinary gender identities. A total of 52,769 participants were represented in the trials, 93 of which were conducted in the United States, and 43 acknowledged the National Institutes of Health as a source of funding. Conclusions Despite known mental health disparities on the basis of sexual orientation and nonbinary gender identification, researchers evaluating interventions for anxiety and depression are not reporting on these important demographic characteristics. Reporting practices must change to ensure that our interventions generalize to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons. (PsycINFO Database Record
Case two: A Kantian approach to the morality of blood substitute clinical trials without informed consent.

1. Keota Fields, PhD[⇑][1] 1. is assistant professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth MA 1. Address for correspondence: Keota Fields PhD, assistant professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth MA 02747. (508) 999-8506. Kfields{at}umassd.edu. Clinical trials in a number of countries are now underway to evaluate experimental, non-human blood substitute.1 One scenario calls for the blood substitute to be available on board emergency vehicles. This allows first responders the opportunity to provide transfusion support at an accident site and on the way to the hospital. However, many of the patients who would most benefit from the use of this material may be unconscious and unable to comprehend or sign an informed consent. One possible solution would be to eliminate the need for informed consent. The ethical question posed by this scenario is penetrating: Is it moral to use an experimental, non-human blood substitute to provide on-site transfusions without the patient's informed consent? At first blush, assuming the blood substitute is effective, commonsense morality might uphold its moral permissibility both because the patient's life could be saved and because the knowledge gained from such trials may save lives. This view fits a position in normative ethics called consequentialism; the view that the only factors relevant to an action's moral worth are its consequences.2 As Shelly Kagan puts it, “If an act will have bad results, that is a reason not to perform it; if, on the other hand, it will have good results, then that is a reason to perform it.”3 However, since a requirement forcing medical personnel to obtain informed consent could have negative consequences with no obvious countervailing benefits, the consequentialist appears committed to the claim that medical personnel have an obligation not … [1]: #corresp-1
Reproductive Donation: Practice, Policy, andBioethics

Since the founding of bioethics, considerable discourse has revolved around human life at some of its most fragile states, namely the beginning and end. Questions about what constitutes personhood and the roles and consequences of technology in these states have been posed and re-examined in light of the startling and impressive scientific developments that resulted in assisted reproduction. On July 25, 1978, Louise Brown was born — the first baby created using in vitro fertilization. Her birth sparked heated debate over a wide range of issues: cloning, separation of sexuality from reproduction, commodification of gametes and embryos, disposal of embryos, embryo ownership, rightful claims of parenthood, and pre-implantation research. While these issues are being discussed, advances in reproductive technologies enable assisted reproduction to be a feasible option for infertility. This collection of essays delves into some of the issues that surround assisted reproduction, concentrating on reproductive donation involving various permutations of third parties. In reproductive donation, conception of a child “is likely to take place in a clinic with others involved in providing the eggs, sperm, embryo or sometimes the uterus in which the fetus grows” (p. 1). Thus, biological parenthood becomes separated from social parenthood, with the latter commonly recognized as the child’s “actual” parents. The opening chapters lay out the practice of reproductive donation, introducing ethical issues that are detailed in later chapters. The work as a whole is grounded in the U.K.’s policies, and the discussions of how countries regulate reproductive donation are often compared against the U.K. perspective. The last half of the work tackles the social, ethical, and policy issues that reproductive donation raise, including transnational donation, recruitment of donors, intra-family donation, single parents, gay and lesbian couples, disclosure, and identifiable donors. Overall, the book is well laid out, exploring the topics with sufficient detail and depth for an interested lay reader. Despite the many contributors, the tone is consistently engaging and straightforward, with each chapter neatly presenting the various perspectives and arguments for its selected topic. In crafting their arguments, most of the contributors rely upon empirical studies instead of grounding their claims in philosophical discussion. Using a philosophical framework could bolster their discussions of the issues, allowing the contributors to better parse out the tensions within reproductive donation. And surprisingly, with the exception of one chapter, the contributors do not draw upon parallel discussions related to adoption, which may have a body of literature that could assist scholars in reproductive donation. However, on the whole, the book is a valuable contribution in presenting from a variety of perspectives the many issues posed by reproductive donation.
Tracking transience: a method for dynamic monitoring of biological events in Arabidopsis thaliana biosensors

The activation and level of expression of an endogenous, stress-responsive biosensor (bioreporter) can be visualized in real-time and non-destructively using highly accessible equipment (fluorometer). Biosensor output can be linked to computer-controlled systems to enable feedback-based control of a greenhouse environment. Today’s agriculture requires an ability to precisely and rapidly assess the physiological stress status of plants in order to optimize crop yield. Here we describe the implementation and utility of a detection system based on a simple fluorometer design for real-time, continuous, and non-destructive monitoring of a genetically engineered biosensor plant. We report the responses to heat stress of Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a Yellow Fluorescent Protein bioreporter under the control of the DREB2A temperature-sensing promoter. Use of this bioreporter provides the ability to identify transient and steady-state behavior of gene activation in response to stress, and serves as an interface for novel experimental protocols. Models identified through such experiments inform the development of computer-based feedback control systems for the greenhouse environment, based on in situ monitoring of mature plants. More broadly, the work here provides a basis for informing biologists and engineers about the kinetics of bioreporter constructs, and also about ways in which other fluorescent protein constructs could be integrated into automated control systems.
Addressing the U.S. Foreign Language Deficit—The Campaign for Foreign Languages

It is essential to reverse the U.S. foreign language deficit, and in order to do so, a strategic social marketing campaign is needed. The attention given to the multiple stakeholders in what has been referred to as the language enterprise partnership is of the greatest importance, because the need for foreign language skills exists across all sectors of society. While language educators and parents have traditionally been the most high-profile advocates for foreign languages, government and business also need foreign language skills.
Colon Capsule Endoscopy: Review and Perspectives

Colon capsule endoscopy utilizing PillCam COLON 2 capsule allows for visualization potentially of the entire colon and is currently approved for patients who cannot withstand the rigors of traditional optical colonoscopy (OC) and associated sedation as well as those that had an OC that was incomplete for technical reasons other than a poor preparation. We will then describe the prior experience and current status of colon capsule endoscopy.
Informationally robust trade and limits to contagion

Abstract Two agents can each accept or reject a proposed deal, whose value for each agent depends on an unknown state, and may be positive or negative. The deal takes place only if both accept. Each agent can be imperfectly informed, in an arbitrary way, about both her own value and the other agent's. In such environments, contagious adverse selection may prevent the deal from being reached even when it is mutually beneficial ex post. We give an upper bound on the ex-ante expected welfare loss in equilibrium due to such contagion, valid for any information structure. The welfare loss is small if negative values are unlikely ex ante; and under an assumption of known aggregate gains from the deal, our bound is sharp. The bound has a succinct description, even though the equilibrium itself, in any given information structure, may be hard to describe explicitly.
Defining the "C" in Community Supported Agriculture

Localized agriculture is theorized to provide socio-environmental benefits to the community while ensuring a livelihood for local farmers. Much of the food systems literature refers to such an arrangement as civic agriculture, which is characterized as promoting community development by strengthening social ties among the various nodes of the localized food system. However, there is little literature that identifies the attributes of community and the specific mechanisms through which community qualities are produced, modeled, or replicated. This study's goal is to identify the meaning of community as used in the phrase "community supported agriculture" (CSA) by asking members and operators of local CSAs how they define community within the context of their membership. On-site interviews were conducted at the produce pick-up locations of four CSA farms in central Pennsylvania, resulting in a convenience sample of 97 CSA members and four operators. The survey instrument utilized open and closed-ended questions to collect information on farmer and member perceptions of their CSA community, motivations to join, and satisfaction with their experiences. The results suggest respondents are highly satisfied with products and services provided through their CSA. However, there are statistically significant differences in satisfaction scores across the four sampled farms. These differences support findings drawn from the open-ended questions indicating these CSA farms varied in member-defined attributes of a CSA community. Farm management practices, level of personal interactions, and other factors appear to have significant effects on CSA members' perception of community.
Applying quality improvement methods in a hyperbaric oxygen program: reducing unnecessary glucose testing.

Objective To describe the implementation of a quality improvement (QI) project that aimed at improving and standardizing glucose checks on patients with diabetes undergoing hyperbaric oxygen (HBO₂) therapy. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. Following the Model for Improvement, nurses and physicians ran several Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles over a four-month period, with multiple iteration and testing changes. They developed and implemented a nurse-led protocol that was tested prospectively. Results Compared to the pre-protocol baseline (N = 332), glucose checks per session guided by the protocol decreased by 37.7% (2.84 vs. 1.77 per session, P⟨0.001). Compliance with the new protocol was higher than compliance with the existing protocol (97.3% to 84.2%, P⟨0.001). There were no cases of a symptomatic hypoglycemic event after the implementation of the protocol. Conclusions A quality improvement project implemented by a multidisciplinary team in a hyperbaric practice was feasible and has improved the management of diabetic patients undergoing HBO₂ therapy. Considering how the hyperbaric community values the culture of safety and considering the feasibility of this project, more QI training and projects in hyperbaric programs should be performed.
Application of genomics for transfusion therapy in sickle cell anemia.

Abstract The application of genomic approaches is impacting all areas of laboratory testing including transfusion medicine. Use of DNA-based test methods is particularly applicable for red cell and platelet antigen typing as the majority of genes encoding the carrier proteins and carbohydrates are now known and were cloned in the 1990′s. Many of the antigenic polymorphisms are due to single nucleotide changes (SNP's) in the respective genes and DNA-arrays that target these changes have been validated by comparison with conventional serologic typing. Here we review the advances in the last decade in the application of DNA-based genotyping to transfusion therapy, specifically in sickle cell anemia (SCA), and discuss the practical integration and the value of this approach to improve outcomes and prevent complications in this patient population. The ability to test for antigens for which there are no serologic reagents is a major medical advance that promises to mitigate transfusion related morbidity and mortality due to alloimmunization.
A new integrable equation combining the modified KdV equation with the negative-order modified KdV equation: multiple soliton solutions and a variety of solitonic solutions

AbstractA new third-order integrable equation is constructed via combining the recursion operator of the modified KdV equation (MKdV) and its inverse recursion operator. The developed equation will be termed the modified KdV-negative order modified KdV equation (MKdV–nMKdV). The complete integrability of this equation is confirmed by showing that it nicely possesses the Painleve property. We obtain multiple soliton solutions for the newly developed integrable equation. Moreover, this equation enjoys a variety of solutions which include solitons, peakons, cuspons, negaton, positon, complexiton and other solutions.
Comparing Iowa 4-H Beef Carcass Programs with the 2016 National Beef Quality Audit Carcasses

While the Iowa 4-H & FFA carcass contest cattle are not completely representative of all Iowa cattle, they can indicate trends for the Iowa cattle industry and represent the calves locally available for projects. With nearly 60% of these cattle receiving an $8/cwt premium, cattle feeders have the potential to improve net revenues by marketing cattle into a grid market.
Fundamentals of the Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reaction Systems in Extractive Metallurgy

Changes that must be effected to extract metal values from mineral ores generally occur through heterogeneous processes. Although most reactions involve a rather complex set of steps and may require individual treatments, there are certain elementary aspects of the overall reaction that are common to a wide range of reactions. Such aspects are amenable to systematic treatment. In this chapter we shall examine these elementary steps and their application to a number of individual reaction systems, with an emphasis on noncatalytic fluid-solid reactions. Understanding these individual systems is essential for the analyses of more complex systems; thus this chapter lays a foundation for analyzing the rates of actual processes in extractive metallurgy to be discussed in subsequent chapters.
Is Liberalism Committed to Its Own Demise

Are immigration restrictions compatible with liberalism? Recently, Freiman and Hidalgo (2016) have argued that immigration restrictions conflict with the core commitments of liberalism. A society with immigration restrictions in place may well be optimal in some desired respects, but it is not liberal, they argue. So if you care about liberalism more deeply than you care about immigration restrictions, you should give up on restrictionism. You can’t hold on to both. I argue here that many restrictions on contractual, economic, and associational liberties seem to be justified by considerations other than liberty – thus the (undischarged) task for Freiman and Hidalgo is to tell us why such restrictions are justified but immigration restrictions are not. Moreover, even if this worry can be addressed, I argue, liberalism is not committed to its own demise in scenarios where there exist large enough numbers of would-be immigrants who accept and endorse illiberal norms in a way that is sufficiently resistant to change. Such a commitment requires thinking of border coercion as violating an absolute deontological constraint. This, I contend, is implausible.
Predicting Substance Use Disorder in ADHD Patients using Long-Short Term Memory Model

About 20% of individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are first diagnosed during adolescence. While preclinical experiments suggest that adolescent-onset exposure to ADHD medication is an important factor in the development of substance use disorder (SUD) phenotypes in adulthood, the long-term impact of ADHD medication initiated during adolescence has been largely unexplored in humans. Our analysis of 11,624 adolescent ADHD patients in the Truven database indicates that temporal medication features are the important factors on the health consequences related to SUD and ADHD medication initiation during adolescence.
Increased Hepatotoxicity Associated with Sequential Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor and Crizotinib Therapy in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard therapies in advanced NSCLC. Although genotype-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent the standard of care for subsets of oncogene-driven NSCLC, patients may receive ICIs during their disease course. The impact of sequential ICI and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy on the risk of hepatotoxicity has not been described. Methods Patients with advanced ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-driven, ROS1-driven, or MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET)-driven NSCLC treated with crizotinib, with or without preceding ICI therapy, were identified. The cumulative incidences of crizotinib-associated grade 3 or higher increases in transaminase level (per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0) were compared. Results We identified 453 patients who had NSCLC with an oncogenic alteration in ALK receptor tyrosine kinase gene (ALK), ROS1, or MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase gene (MET) and were treated with crizotinib (11 with and 442 without prior ICI therapy). Among the 11 patients treated with an ICI followed by crizotinib, five (cumulative incidence 45.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.9–72.2]) experienced development of a grade 3 or 4 increase in alanine transaminase level and four (cumulative incidence 36.4% [95% CI: 10.0–64.2]) experienced development of a grade 3 or 4 increase in aspartate transaminase level. In comparison, among the 442 patients who received crizotinib only, a grade 3 or 4 increase in alanine transaminase level occurred in 34 patients (cumulative incidence 8.1% [95% CI: 5.7–11.0, p Conclusions Sequential ICI and crizotinib treatment is associated with a significantly increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Careful consideration and monitoring for hepatotoxicity may be warranted in patients treated with crizotinib after ICI therapy.
Carmi Syndrome in a Preterm Neonate: A Multidisciplinary Approach and Ethical Challenge.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosal erosions caused by hemidesmosomal abnormalities. EB is divided into 3 major subgroups depending on the particular location of tissue separation: EB simplex, dystrophic EB, and junctional EB. Junctional EB (JEB) can further be broken down into Herlitz, non-Herlitz, and JEB with pyloric atresia (Carmi syndrome) depending on genetic and histologic testing. When extensive, management of a patient with EB can be challenging due to not only cutaneous but also extracutaneous manifestations as well. Families and health care teams are often faced with difficult decisions in their infant’s best interest. We report a case of a preterm neonate with Carmi syndrome and unique findings on immunofluorescence studies. The patient’s course was complicated by multisystem involvement and ultimately death. A multidisciplinary approach was crucial in the light of diagnostic, therapeutic, and ethical challenges.
ANALISIS KREATIVITAS KARYA KOMUNITAS JOGJA MURAL FORUM DI KAMPUNG JETISHARJO YOGYAKARTA

Mural merupakan salah satu bentuk ungkapan jiwa seorang seniman melalui ide-ide dan kreativitas yang dimilikinya. Penelitian analisis kreativitas Jogja Mural Forum memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui hal-hal yang melatarbelakangi seniman Jogja Mural Forum dalam memperoleh ide-ide kreatif dalam membuat mural di kampung Jetisharjo. Untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan mural dikampung Jetisharjo. Serta bertujuan untuk menganalisis kreativitas karya mural seniman Jogja Mural Forum yang ada di kampung Jetisharjo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yaitu mendeskripsikan, menganalisis dan memaparkan fenomena dan peristiwa yang ada. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kreativitas karya komunitas Jogja Mural Forum di kampung Jetisharjo Yogyakarta. Subyek penelitian ini adalah karya dari yang dibuat seniman Jogja Mural Forum yang ada di kampung Jetisharjo Yogyakarta, objek dalam penelitian ini adalah proses pembuatan mural di kampung Jetisharjo dan hasil analisis kreativitas karya mural seniman Jogja Mural Forum di kampung Jetisharjo. Teknik analisis data dengan cara menghimpun data, mereduksi data, mengklarifikasi data, menarik kesimpulan dan menyusun laporan. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan memberikan sejumlah informasi, latar belakang seniman Jogja Mural Forum dalam memperoleh ide-ide kreatif merupakan sebuah hasil observasi dari kebiasan hidup sehari-hari, kejadian yang sering terjadi, dan suasana atau kondisi kampung Jetisharjo. Sedangkan proses pembuatan mural di kampung Jetisharjo menggunakan teknik manual. Analisis kreativitas karya seniman Jogja Mural Forum di kampung Jetisharjo diuraikan dalam aspek ide dan tema adalah “Jetisharjo Kampungku Code Kaliku”, dari aspek pemilihan tempat cenderung membuat mural yang strategis dan sering dilalui oleh warga, sedangkan dari aspek visual didominasi dengan warna yang cerah dan objek-objek yang imajinatif dalam pembuatannya, dari aspek muatan nilai pesan memberikan pesan untuk lebih memperhatikan kondisi lingkungan, dan dari aspek kritis cenderung memuat ajakan sosial untuk menjaga lingkungan dan himbauan-himbauan tentang hidup sehat. Kata kunci : Analisis, Kreativitas, Mural
Inclusive Clinical Practice and Policy for Muslim Nursing Students

Purpose: Increasing diversity in nursing offers opportunities and challenges. This article addresses considerations for clinical and educational policies when working with Muslim nursing students and suggests changes to facilitate inclusive environments. Approach: This article describes the twofold response of a school of nursing where Muslim nursing students encountered potential limitations in clinical experiences. Faculty conducted a review of literature and examined policies to determine barriers to inclusivity for Muslim nursing students in clinical practice. Outcomes: Few research articles exist to guide construction of inclusive practices. The review of policies for the school of nursing and clinical agencies revealed problematic language and wording that could lead to exclusive practices. Clinical Relevance: For the nursing profession to embrace diversity, faculty must be aware of the discrimination and general lack of knowledge toward Muslim nurses/students in the United States and reasonable accommodation for cultural and religious beliefs.
Reactivation of previous experiences in a working memory task

Recent experiences influence the processing of new information even when those experiences are irrelevant to the current task. Does this reflect the indirect effects of a passively maintained representation of the previous experience, or is this representation reactivated when a new event occurs? To answer this question, we attempted to decode the orientation of the stimulus on the previous trial from the electroencephalogram on the current trial in a working memory task. Behavioral data confirmed that the previous-trial stimulus orientation influenced the reported orientation on the current trial, even though the previous-trial orientation was now task irrelevant. In two independent experiments, we found that the previous-trial orientation could be decoded from the current-trial electroencephalogram, indicating that the current-trial stimulus reactivated or boosted the representation of the previous-trial orientation. These results suggest that the effects of recent experiences on behavior are driven, in part, by a reactivation of those experiences and not solely by the indirect effects of passive memory traces.