cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance prediction with skeletons

The performance skeleton of an application is a short running program whose performance in any scenario reflects the performance of the application it represents. Specifically, the execution time of the performance skeleton is a small fixed fraction of the execution time of the corresponding application in any execution environment. Such a skeleton can be employed to quickly estimate the performance of a large application under existing network and node sharing. This paper presents a framework for automatic construction of performance skeletons of a specified execution time and evaluates their use in performance prediction with CPU and network sharing. The approach is based on capturing the execution behavior of an application and automatically generating a synthetic skeleton program that reflects that execution behavior. The paper demonstrates that performance skeletons running for a few seconds can predict the application execution time fairly accurately. Relationship of skeleton execution time, application characteristics, and nature of resource sharing, to accuracy of skeleton based performance prediction, is analyzed in detail. The goal of this research is accurate performance estimation in heterogeneous and shared computational grids.
The Effect of Various UPFC Operating Points on Transient Stability

In this paper, it is shown that using the power injection model for a UPFC, there exists a set of operating points for which the same amount of AC bus voltage and active/reactive series power injections can be evaluated. These various operating points are designated by different dc bus voltages (Vdc) and modulation amplitudes (k1,k2) and phases (alpha1,alpha2). Simulations show that the dynamic behavior of a UPFC could be related to its pre-fault operating situations. The question to be answered is to verify which operating point would be the best candidate from a network stability point of view. A linear approach based on the eigenvalue problem has been used to answer the question and satisfactory results have been outlined.approach based on the eigenvalue problem has been used to answer the question and satisfactory results have been outlined.
The 3D structure of the super-sauze earthflow: A first stage towards modelling its behaviour

Abstract In the “Terres-Noires” of the Barcelonnette basin, France, the Super-Sauze earthflow is being studied to understand the mechanisms of triggering, slidding and flowing and to propose a predicting dynamic behaviour model. This paper describes the main results of an on-site geotechnical investigation carried out in 1996, which allowed us to establish precisely the internal 3-D structure of the moving mass (position and shape of the paleotopography, functioning of two flow units from the surface to the depth and spatial subdivision of the flow into compartments using contrasts of velocity, by morphological aspects, or mechanical and hydrodynamical characteristics of the material). Moreover, studies of old aerial photographs identified the importance of the buried topography on the dynamic evolution of the flow.
Investigation of some high-speed switching properties of magnetic films

The use of thin, uniaxially anisotropic, magnetic films in binary-storage cells using the rotational switching system is described briefly. The apparatus used traces out automatically curves of cell output against switching current for switching pulses 6–60ns long. Continuous films on conducting substrates were used and it was found that asymmetries appeared in the curves for the shorter pulses, owing to the field from eddy currents induced in the substrate opposing any changes in the cell setting. However, the curves became symmetrical if the film was in a multidomain state before the cell was set.The experiments also show that the reduction and distortion of the applied fields caused by intersecting conductors can be virtually eliminated by slotting the conductors but that segments ½mm wide are permissible. Contrary to expectation, the drive current required to set the film cells increases with decreasing pulse length (e.g. 1A at 60ns, 2A at 15ns, 5A at 6ns); this effect is only partially explained by substrate eddy currents. The effects of the width of the drive and digit conductors on the required drive currents are explained by the propagation of magnetisation changes away from the edges of the conductor, probably caused by magnetostatic coupling within the film. Also, contrary to expectation, the digit-conductor width was found not to affect the digit current required for widths up to 5mm for films more than 800A thick. Although this cannot be completely explained by the observed propagation of magnetisation changes, limiting the propagation by using an isolated patch of film produces the expected result that the digit current required to set the cell is proportional to the digit-conductor width.
We can change the natural history of type 2 diabetes.

As diabetes develops, we currently waste the first ∼10 years of the natural history. If we found prediabetes and early diabetes when they first presented and treated them more effectively, we could prevent or delay the progression of hyperglycemia and the development of complications. Evidence for this comes from trials where lifestyle change and/or glucose-lowering medications decreased progression from prediabetes to diabetes. After withdrawal of these interventions, there was no “catch-up”—cumulative development of diabetes in the previously treated groups remained less than in control subjects. Moreover, achieving normal glucose levels even transiently during the trials was associated with a substantial reduction in subsequent development of diabetes. These findings indicate that we can change the natural history through routine screening to find prediabetes and early diabetes, combined with management aimed to keep glucose levels as close to normal as possible, without hypoglycemia. We should also test the hypothesis with a randomized controlled trial.
PhreeqC modeling of Friedel's salt equilibria at 23±1 °C

A series of slurries containing Friedel's salt (3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O) in equilibrium with other solids that include Al(OH)3, Ca(OH)2, and 3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O were produced at room temperature (23±1 °C). The liquid phases were analyzed for calcium, aluminum, and chlorine, and the speciation program PhreeqC was used to model the equilibria that were established between the solid and liquid phases. By matching closely, the experimentally determined solution parameters with those calculated using PhreeqC, important information concerning equilibria in the CaO-Al2O3-CaCl2-H2O system was obtained. For example, it was shown that the stable phase pair, Friedel's salt/3CaO·Al2O3·6H2O, acts to buffer against rising chloride concentrations by acting as a chloride sink. PhreeqC calculations have estimated the solubility product of Friedel's salt to fall within the range −28.8<log Ksp<−27.6.
Biological super-resolution imaging by using novel microsphere-embedded coverslips

Optical super-resolution imaging is a desirable technique in many fields, including medical and material sciences and nanophotonics. We demonstrated feasibility of optical microscopy, with resolution improvement by a factor of 2-3, by using microsphere-embedded coverslips composed of barium titanate glass microspheres (refractive index n~1.9-2.1) fixed in a transparent layer of polydimethylsiloxane. Imaging was performed by a conventional microscope and a fluorescent microscope with the microsphere-embedded layer placed in a contact position with various biological specimens and semiconductor nanostructures. We investigated a biomedical application of microsphere-assisted imaging technique by immunostaining of kidney sections where cellular distribution of a motor protein Myo1c and a podocyte specific protein ZO-1 was analyzed. A significant visual enhancement in the distribution pattern of the proteins was noted in the stained glomeruli by using microsphere-assisted imaging technique. Our results suggest that microsphere-assisted imaging technique is a promising candidate for applications in medical and cancer research, as well as in microfluidics and nanophotonics.
evaluation of argon laser photocoagulation in a series of animal models of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

During the past five years we have evaluated argon laser photocoagulation in various canine models of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In gastric erosions, the eight-watt argon laser was uniformly effective in stopping bleeding. In our standard acute ulcer model the seven-watt argon laser was effective in stopping bleeding from most ulcers and only occasionally produced deep injury. With the addition of a jet of CO2 exiting the laser catheter coaxial to the laser beam, the argon laser was 100% effective and no deep injury resulted. The application of the argon laser in a more physiologic canine bleeding model using a single bleeding vessel in an ulcer base is currently under study. The development of improved animal models of gastrointestinal bleeding should contribute to the identification of effective and safe endoscopic hemostatic methods.
Functional analysis of opioid receptor subtypes in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of the rat.

Abstract Effects of [Met 5 ]enkephalin and agonists selective for μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptors were tested in vitro on neurons of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus of ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats. Brain slices were perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid and opioid drugs were applied by bolus injection into the perfusion line. Single unit activity was recorded extracellularly. The majority of ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus neurons tested exhibited marked inhibitory responses to [Met 5 ]enkephalin. The inhibition was blocked by naloxone, by the selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole and, to a lesser extent, by the μ-opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine. The κ-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binalmorphimine had virtually no effect on [Met 5 ]enkephalin inhibition. Agonists selective for δ-([ d -Pen 2 , d -Pen 5 ]enkephalin, DPDPE) and for μ-([ d -Ala 2 ,MePhe 4 ,Gly-ol 5 ]enkephalin, DAGO) opioid receptors also potently inhibited the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus neurons while the κ-opioid receptor agonist U50,488 only produced a small inhibition in a smaller number of units. These results provide functional evidence that [Met 5 ]enkephalin, a potential opioid transmitter in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, can exert an inhibitory effect by acting on δ- and μ-opioid receptors.
Relationship between EDNOS and its subtypes and borderline personality disorder

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and four well-defined subtypes of this disorder found in a sample of female borderline patients. Method The lifetime prevalence of EDNOS and its various subtypes among 233 female borderline patients and 46 female Axis II comparison subjects was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis I disorders. Results Thirty-three percent of female borderline patients met DSM-III-R criteria for EDNOS at some point in their lives. Of these 76 women, 20% reported a pattern of restricting without low weight, 37% reported a pattern of binging without purging, 37% reported a pattern of purging without binging, and 33% reported a pattern of low weight without loss of menses. However, less than 25% of these 76 borderline women had ever met criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that EDNOS is a separate cluster of eating disorders among borderline women, rather than a prodromal or residual form of a more clear-cut case of anorexia or bulimia nervosa. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 349–353, 2001.
Twelve outstanding problems in ground-state density functional theory: A bouquet of puzzles

Abstract Kohn–Sham density functional theory and its many applications constitute perhaps the most populated area of both physics and chemistry. The theory permits calculation of the ground-state density and energy of a many-electron system (e.g., an atom, molecule, or solid) by the selfconsistent solution of a one-electron Schroedinger equation. The theory is exact in principle for these quantities, and in practice the required approximations can be usefully accurate. Here, with few equations and without any claim of optimal selection, we present 12 problems in density functional theory that remain to be solved, with an emphasis on formal problems and on the construction of approximate density functionals. The solutions to some of these problems could go a long way toward deepening understanding of the exact theory and toward improving the accuracy of electronic structure calculations.
Effects of treatment on linguistic and social skills in toddlers with delayed language development

This study investigated the effects of early language intervention on various linguistic and social skills of late-talking toddlers. The 21 children who participated in the investigation were rando...
Sexual dysfunction in female adult children of alcoholics.

This study investigated sexual dysfunction and selected related characteristics attributed to female adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs). Using a variety of established measures, data were collected on 30 female ACOAs and 30 non-ACOA control subjects from the general population. The results indicated that female ACOAs manifested lower self-esteem, more distrust, and more sexual dysfunction, compared to the control subjects. These findings provide strong empirical evidence that female ACOAs may be at high risk for experiencing sexual problems
Septic Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula: An Unusual Conduit for Systemic Embolization in Right-Sided Valvular Endocarditis

Right-sided valvular (tricuspid, pulmonic) endocarditis is frequently complicated by septic pulmonary embolization. Systemic embolization may also rarely occur due to associated left-sided endocarditis or right-to-left shunting in patients with septal defects. This report documents the occurrence of systemic embolization causing a cerebrovascular accident in an intravenous drug abuser with recurrent tricuspid valve endocarditis due to an isolated peripheral septic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Noninvasive diagnosis of the fistula by cardiac auscultation, contrast echocardiography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging was confirmed by selective pulmonary angiography. Subselective balloon embolization of the pulmonary arteries feeding this fistula was accomplished.
Continuous-Film Thickness Determination by AES of Cr Overlayers on Cu Surfaces

The characteristics of Cr coverage of Cu surfaces, including determination of tc, the minimum average film thickness required for formation of a continuous film, have been studied in-situ by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Auger signal intensities of substrate and deposit were monitored during Cr film growth by vapor deposition in UHV. It was shown that substrate surface morphology (roughness) has a dominant effect on coverage rate and tc. Slower coverage rates and larger tc′s were effected by the presence of native oxides, substrate heating (to 330°C) and H2O-vapor rich (5×10−5 Torr) ambient during Cr deposition. Surface oxides seemed to affect more the coverage of a smooth than a rough surface. Conversely, substrate heating affected more the coverage of a rough surface. The combined effect of substrate heating and water vapor rich atmosphere was pronounced for both smooth and rough surface coverages. Some of the main factors controlling these effects are discussed.
Allergic contact reactions in health personnel.

Increasing numbers of physicians, nurses, and dentists are becoming allergic to rubber (latex) gloves because of the increase in the use of such gloves with the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seven percent of such personnel now acquire a delayed allergic, eczematous contact dermatitis, whereas 3% show an immediate allergic urticarial reaction to the aqueous protein fraction of latex obtained from the rubber tree Heveu brasiliensis. This urticarial reaction may be accompanied by anaphylaxis. Sensitized individuals give positive scratch and prick skin tests and in vitro positive RAST and IgE reactions. Iatrogenic and intraoperative contact urticaria and anaphylaxis as a result of patients reacting to rubber gloves worn by physicians and surgeons are being reported with more frequency. In March of 1991 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) alerted health care professionals about the potential of severe allergic reactions to medical devices made of latex. These include surgical and examination gloves, catheters, intubation tubes, anesthesia masks, and dental dams. Individuals sensitive to rubber are also allergic to rubber condoms. Hospital personnel and patients sensi-
Voltage Dependent Interactions of the Outer Hair Cell Motor Protein Prestin

Outer hair cells (OHCs) possess the unique ability to undergo somatic length change in response to sound evoked alteration of transmembrane potential through a process termed electromotility. The acute sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammalian hearing is dependent upon this process. Electromotility is driven by the transmembrane motor protein prestin which presumably undergoes a conformational change in response to transmembrane potential changes. Previous work demonstrates that prestin exists in multimeric states in the OHC and when exogenously expressed in mammalian cells. However the role that prestin oligomerization in its voltage-dependent motor function has not been defined. Towards this goal, we explore the role of prestin-prestin interactions by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a function of transmembrane voltage in HEK293 cells co-expressing prestin-CFP and prestin-YFP fusion proteins. Our data show that prestin-prestin FRET efficiency decreases with depolarization over the operating range of voltages relevant to electromotility. Prestin-prestin FRET reaches saturation at depolarized voltages and preliminary data suggest the same at hyperpolarized voltages. Interestingly, when the voltage dependence of the FRET efficiency is modeled by a two state Boltzmann function, the valence of the fit closely agrees with the valence obtained from prestin nonlinear capacitance measurements. Our data suggest that voltage-dependent FRET is dependent on prestin-prestin interactions within or between oligomers. Whether these changes occur from voltage-dependent conformational changes in prestin that alter prestin oligomerization is currently being explored. (This work is supported by an NSF CAREER Award and NIH grant DC008134)
Swinging Around Stigma: Gendered Marketing of Swingers’ Websites

Most research on swingers focus on the participants of this lifestyle. While research has examined swingers from a relational perspective, few, if any, have specifically examined the sources that facilitated swingers’ networks. In this paper, we are interested in how websites promote themselves and manage such a stigmatized activity. Specifically, we examine what aspects of swinging these websites focus on in order to attract members. Our findings indicate that these websites employ strategies that do not confront the stigma directly. In fact, this approach in and of itself is another strategy to swing around stigma. In addition, these websites are gendered and clearly target heterosexual men.
Mid-infrared third harmonic generation in highly-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes

Optical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied, and much basic knowledge has been accumulated on how light emission, scattering, and absorption occur in CNTs. However, their nonlinear optical properties remain largely unexplored. Here, we have observed third harmonic generation from highly-aligned CNTs on sapphire with linearly-polarized intense mid-infrared radiation. Through polarization-dependent experiments, we extracted the nonzero tensor elements of χ(3). The contribution of the weaker tensor elements to the overall χ(3) signal has been calculated to be approximately 1/3 of that of the dominant χ(3) zzzz component, which is consistent with theory and other measured values.
Increasing formability in sheet metal stamping operations using environmentally friendly lubricants

Abstract In the present investigation, an alternative environmentally friendly lubricant is introduced for sheet metal forming processes. This lubricant is based on a combination of boric acid and canola oil, both of which are natural, environmentally friendly, and have independently demonstrated good lubrication potential. In order to evaluate the interfacial friction characteristics of the canola oil and boric acid lubricant in a forming operation, a strip tensile friction simulator was utilized. This apparatus has been shown to effectively model the strain behavior encountered in a deep drawing process and accurately replicates the frictional effects experienced during sheet bending. By means of the testing apparatus, the friction coefficient between the die and a 3.175 mm thick steel sheet was measured for four different lubrication conditions: unlubricated, canola oil, transmission fluid, and a combination of boric acid and canola oil. Based on the experimental results, the boric acid and canola oil lubricant significantly outperformed the other lubrication conditions with respect to the measured friction coefficient, the final sheet surface properties and the overall sheet formability. These results indicate that the boric acid and canola oil lubricant has substantial potential for providing the manufacturing community with a commercially viable and environmentally friendly alternative that will allow the forming of complex parts.
Comparison of the effects of acetazolamide and aminophylline on apnea incidence and on ventilatory response to CO2 in preterm infants

Acetazolamide (ACTZ) reduces sleep apnea in adults exposed to high altitude and augments the ventilatory response to CO2. In order to determine the effect of ACTZ on the ventilatory response to CO2 and the incidence of apnea in preterm infants, 7 infants (BW, 1070 ± 191 g; postnatal age, 9 ± 7 days) were randomized to receive ACTZ (5 mg/kg/dose 06h for 36 hr) and 7 infants (BW, 1092 ± 292 g; post-natal age, 5 ± 2 days) received aminophylline (AMINO; 8 mg/kg bolus then 2.5 mg/kg Q12h for 36 hr). Minute ventilation (VE), end-tidal CO2, (P), ventilatory response to CO2 number of apneic episodes (≥15 sec duration), and arterial blood gases were measured before and 24–36 hr after starting therapy. In the AMINO group there was a significant decrease in apnea frequency from 6 ± 1 to 2 ± 2 episodes over an 8 hr epoch (P < 0.05), while no significant change was observed in the ACTZ group. The end-tidal CO2, decreased significantly from 44 ± 7 to 38 ± 6 mmHg in the AMINO group and from 47 ± 5 to 36 ± 5 mmHg in the ACTZ (P < 0.05), which lead to a shift to the left of the CO2,-response curve in both groups. The slope of the CO2, response curve did not change Significantly in the AMINO group and decreased in the ACTZ group. There was a significant decrease of pH from 7.43 to 7.26 in the ACTZ group, whereas in the AMINO group pH increased from 7.38 to 7.44. No significant changes in VE, tidal volume, respiratory rate, lung compliance, or resistance were observed with treatment in any of the two groups. These findings demonstrate that both AMINO and ACTZ decreased end-tidal CO2 and caused a shift of the CO2 response curve to the left. Despite these similar effects, ACTZ did not have an effect on apnea incidence. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:291–295. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Marketing of Organic Products: An Instrumental/Symbolic Perspective

ABSTRACT The fact that organic products are growing in popularity is indisputable. This article looks at organics from an instrumental/symbolic perspective and discusses the marketing implications associated with this perspective. Additionally, the article identifies a number of issues for future research that should be examined in the context of organic product marketing.
Effects of Powder Morphology and Particle Size on CT Number Estimates

We performed experiments and data analysis to determine how powder morphology and particle size affect X-ray attenuation (CT number or CTN). These experiments were performed on a CT system with an isotropic resolution of (0.15 mm)3, and an endpoint energy of 160kV. Powders with effective atomic number (Ze) within ±0.2 of water were found to have CTN more directly related to electron density than to bulk physical density. Variations in mean particle size ranging between 2 μm and 44 μm were found to have no effect on specimen mean CTN.
Fourier transform UV/VIS emission spectroscopy of jet-cooled CN(B 2Σ+)

CN(B 2Σ+) is produced in a corona-excited supersonic expansion and its fluorescence spectrum is measured with a Fourier transform UV/VIS spectrometer. Rotational temperatures as low as 75 K and vibrational temperatures on the order of 2200 K are achieved in the expansion. Under some expansion conditions, rotational levels as high as K′ = 66 are observed. We report new D0 and γ0 values for the B-state based on an analysis of P-branch line positions and spin-rotation splittings. These values are: D0 = 0.6626 × 10−5 cm−1 and γ0 = 1.553 × 10−2 cm−1. The power and sensitivity of this technique for the study of the electronic spectroscopy of highly reactive molecules is discussed.
Clear Signals: Moving on to Planning’s Promise

Results from an earlier study indicated that senior planners in Oregon and Southwest Washington expect planning graduates to be equipped with strong communicative competencies built on a base of br...
Gas-liquid-solid chromatography: Effects of adsorption and partitioning

Abstract The relative effects of gas-solid adsorption and gas-liquid absorption on chromatography are studied. The system is a packed column of porous particles, whose pore surfaces are partially covered with a thin liquid film. Differential equations for the relevant transport processes are used to generate first and second temporal moment expressions for output peaks. These results reduce to more specialized expressions for moments for gas-liquid partition chromatography or gas-solid adsorption chromatography. Effect of partial coverage on retention time and height equivalent to a theoretical plate is discussed.
Treatment of Hypertension in Obese Patients

Obesity is a global pandemic and with its rise, its associated co-morbidities are increasing in prevalence, particularly uncontrolled hypertension. Lifestyle changes should be an anchor for the management of obesity-related hypertension; however, they are difficult to sustain. Drug therapy is often necessary to achieve blood pressure control. Diuretics, inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are often used as first trio, with subsequent additions of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and/or dual alpha/beta blocking agents. While a number of agents are currently available, 50 % of hypertensive patients remain uncontrolled. A number of novel drug and invasive therapies are in development and hold significant potential for the effective management of obesity-related hypertension.
Suspected risk factors for depression among adults 18-44 years old.

We examined suspected risk factors for depression among adults ages 18–44 years. The subjects, selected by probability sampling for a multisite collaborative study, were interviewed at baseline and again at follow-up after one year. The risk of major depression was higher for women as compared with
Core−Shell Triangular Bifrustums

Aucore−Agshell triangular bifrustum nanocrystals were synthesized in aqueous solution using a seed-mediated approach. The formation of the Ag layer on the Au nanoprism seeds leads to structures with highly tunable dipole and quadrupole surface plasmon resonances. Discrete dipole approximation calculations show that it is the geometry of these novel structures rather than the addition of a new element that leads to the plasmon tunability. The structure and composition of these novel nanocrystals have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry.
Operational implementation of prospective genotyping for personalized medicine: The design of the Vanderbilt PREDICT project

The promise of "personalized medicine" guided by an understanding of each individual's genome has been fostered by increasingly powerful and economical methods to acquire clinically relevant information. We describe the operational implementation of prospective genotyping linked to an advanced clinical decision-support system to guide individualized health care in a large academic health center. This approach to personalized medicine entails engagement between patient and health-care provider, identification of relevant genetic variations for implementation, assay reliability, point-of-care decision support, and necessary institutional investments. In one year, approximately 3,000 patients, most of whom were scheduled for cardiac catheterization, were genotyped on a multiplexed platform that included genotyping for CYP2C19 variants that modulate response to the widely used antiplatelet drug clopidogrel. These data are deposited into the electronic medical record (EMR), and point-of-care decision support is deployed when clopidogrel is prescribed for those with variant genotypes. The establishment of programs such as this is a first step toward implementing and evaluating strategies for personalized medicine.
Pelvic inflammatory disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Objective To identify the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the clinical course of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Methods Women hospitalized with PID at an urban hospital serving a population at high risk for HIV were studied cross-sectionally. Data abstracted from medical records of 349 women, admitted between July 1992 and April 1994 were linked anonymously to HIV serology. Main outcome measures were length of hospital stay, prolongefever, tubo-ovarian abscess, surgery, and change in antibiotics. Results Among the 349 women with PID, 27 were HIVpositive. These HIV-positive women had lower mean white blood cell counts at admission (7411 versus 11,266, P P P P P P =.52) or surgery (15 versus 6.2%, P =.10) were not significant. The differences in hospital course between HIVpositive and HIV-negative women were modest, and they were resolved largely by the fourth or fifth hospital day. All HIV-positive women were treated successfully with first or second-line antibiotic regimens. Conclusion Despite more severe initial presentation and a prolonged hospital course, HIV-positive women with PID, but without other acute illnesses, were treated successfully with standard therapeutic regimens. These observations support current recommendations for hospitalization of HIV-positive women with PID and treatment according to current standards.
Incorporating Socio‐Historical Context into Quantitative Cross‐National Criminology

This paper critically examines how quantitative cross‐national crime studies have ignored socio‐historical context in their analyses and interpretation of results. In particular, spatial and temporal dynamics that shape the social, political, and economic characteristics of nation‐states are often overlooked in favor of variable‐driven models. This paper illustrates how two popular research design decisions, namely the use of non‐representative samples and cross‐sectional designs, minimize the importance of space and time in quantitative cross‐national crime research. It reviews the quantitative cross‐national crime literature of the past 40 years and uses examples from the treatment of the countries of the former communist bloc in Eastern Europe to highlight some of the limitations of these research designs. The paper concludes with recommendations for incorporating socio‐historical context into quantitative comparative criminology.
Structure and mechanism of formation of an important ion in doping control

Abstract An ion with m / z 143 serves as a biomarker that is often continuously monitored in urine samples undergoing screening by electron ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (EI GC/MS) for banned anabolic agents. The ion is known to arise from trimethylsilyl (TMS)-derivatized synthetic 17-hydroxy, 17-methyl steroids. The purpose of this work was to characterize, in detail, the origin(s), structure(s), and mechanism(s) of formation of such ions with m / z 143. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data revealed the elemental composition of the D-ring derived m / z 143 ion to be C 7 H 15 OSi. Analysis of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and its 2-methyl substituted analog dromostanolone by HRMS revealed that an elementally equivalent ion of m / z 143 could be derived from the A-ring of TMS-derivatized 3-keto-enol steroids demonstrating that an abnormally intense peak in the m / z 143 extracted ion chromatogram of urine samples undergoing screening for banned anabolic agents does not necessarily indicate the presence of a 17-hydroxy, 17-methyl steroid. To gain information on ion structure, breakdown curves for the most abundant product ions of the m / z 143 ion were generated using both native and perdeutero-TMS derivatives, providing structures for second, third, and fourth generation product ions. An EI-mass spectrum of [16,16,17- 2 H 3 ]-DHT (DHT-d3) demonstrated that one of the C-16 hydrogen atoms is removed prior to the formation of an ion that is highly analogous to the ion with m / z 143 strongly suggesting, in accord with all other evidence, one particular fragmentation pathway and resulting product: a resonance stabilized 3-( O -trimethylsilyl)but-1-ene ion.
PD2P: PanDA Dynamic Data Placement for ATLAS

The PanDA (Production and Distributed Analysis) system plays a key role in the ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure. PanDA is the ATLAS workload management system for processing all Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation and data reprocessing jobs in addition to user and group analysis jobs. The PanDA Dynamic Data Placement (PD2P) system has been developed to cope with difficulties of data placement for ATLAS. We will describe the design of the new system, its performance during the past year of data taking, dramatic improvements it has brought about in the efficient use of storage and processing resources, and plans for the future.
Prenatal protein-energy malnutrition and its recovery of mandible and long bone in newborn rats

Abstract Pregnant rats were fed either a 25% protein diet as controls or a 10% protein diet from day 13 of gestation to birth. Immediately after birth (day 1), calcium uptake and collagen synthesis were studied in the mandible and long bone of the new-borns. Control dams were fed continuously a 25% protein diet and prenatally malnourished dams were fed either a 25% protein diet or continuously a 10% protein diet untill day 15. The mandibles and long bones were then studied to determine the recovery of the prenatal malnutrition at day 15. At the time of birth, body weight and the weights of the mandibles and long bones were affected to approximately the same extent. Calcium and collagen contents of the mandible in the malnourished groups were less when compared to the controls, but no differences were observed in the long bone between groups. On the other hand, calcium uptake and collagen synthesis in the mandibles were greater in the malnourished group than that of the controls, but no differences in the long bones were observed. At day 15, body weight and the weights of the mandibles and long bones in the rehabilitated group were about the same as that of the controls. Furthermore, there was no difference in calcium and collagen contents as well as collagen systhesis between these groups, but calcium uptake in the rehabilitated group was greater. The differences in body weights and the weights of the mandibles and long bones of the continuously malnourished group compared to the controls were increased by day 15. The calcium and collagen contents of this group were less, also. However, calcium uptake and collagen synthesis in the mandibles and long bones in the continuously malnourished group were increased compared to the control group. It is concluded that both mandibles and long bones can be successfully rehabilitated, if refeedings are initiated properly and early.
The algebra of formal series III: Several variables

It is the purpose of this paper to begin the development of the algebra of formal series in several variables. From the point of view of the present theory, the natural objects of study are not single series in 12 variables, but rather n-sets of series (f; ,...,fn). Let us take the variables to be t, ,..., t, . Then the counterpart of a delta series in one variable [that is, a series of the form u,t + a2t2 + ... with u1 f 0] is a delta set (fi ,..., fn), where fj is of the form
Self-Reporting of Firefighter Vital Signs in Emergency Situations

The focus of this research study was to address the issues of firefighter safety awareness and personnel management. This team aimed to concentrate on monitoring firefighter vital signs identified as critical during emergency situations. The major objective was to design a device that not only meets industry regulations but supplements current standard equipment. Market and literature reviews informed an in-depth look into injury prevention and hazard recognition in the firefighting profession. This design process included identifying key areas for possible design intervention through in-person interviews, ideations of solutions, concept refinement and prototyping, as well as usability testing. As a result, a design recommendation is made with future testing suggested.
Toward a constructional framework for research on language change

Over the past two decades usage-based models of language as a system of form-meaning pairs (‘signs’) have been developed (e.g. Goldberg 1995, 2006; Croft 2001). These models are known as Construction Grammars. Historical approaches using constructionalist frameworks (e.g. Bergs & Diewald 2008; Barðdal 2008) have concentrated on accounting for grammatical change. In this paper I present a framework that includes and extends prior work on both grammaticalization and lexicalization (see also Traugott & Trousdale 2013). Because a construction is a sign, the framework requires the researcher to focus on form and meaning equally. Because a construction may be specific or abstract and schematic, each micro-construction can be shown to have its own history within the constraints of larger schemas. Schemas and networks provide a principled way of thinking about analogy. The development of patterns and of changes in productivity are highlighted in constructionalist frameworks. Therefore the focus in this paper is on expansion (see Himmelmann 2004) rather than on the reduction often associated with many earlier models of grammaticalization and lexicalization (e.g. Lehmann 1995; Brinton & Traugott 2005). Expansion and reduction are shown to be intertwined. Therefore unidirectionality has a less prominent theoretical status than is often assigned to it in non-constructionalist models of language change.
Singular perturbations in the interaction representation, II

Abstract A general method for treating highly singular perturbations V of self-adjoint operators H in Hilbert space is applied to the case of perturbations of (− id dx ) n in L 2 ( R 1 by (multiplications by) distributions. A self-adjoint operator H V that agrees with H + V in the usual sense when V is sufficiently regular, and is moreover a continuous function of V , within the class of distributions under consideration, in the strong operator topology for unbounded self-adjoint operators, is shown to exist. This operator H V need not be semi-bounded, or determined by a sesquilinear form associated with H + V . The method proceeds by construction of the corresponding unitary propagator in the interaction representation, essentially e − itH Ve itH , which is shown to be expressible as a uniformly convergent perturbative series for small times.
Student Background and Quality of Effort Correlates of Reported Grades, Opinions about College, and Perceptions of Magnitudes of Cognitive and Affective Attainment by Students in a Public Comprehensive University

For a sample of 127 undergraduates at a major state university, an attempt was made to estimate the concurrent validity of Quality of Effort (QE) scales and background items from the College Student Experiences (CSE) questionnaire developed by Pace relative to criterion variables from the same CSE instrument that represented perceptions by students of grades earned to date and growth in selected cognitive and affective dimensions. In addition, the factorial validity of several subscales and items within the CSE was examined. Although it is possible that several of the validity indices might have been inflated by variance associated with one or more response sets, the QE scales appeared to display at least a moderate degree of concurrent validity not much less than the level of predictive validity realized by standardized scholastic aptitude tests. The factor analysis provided dimensions basically consistent with logical groupings of scales or items within given sections of the CSE. Multitrait-multimethod ...
Direct Radiometric Observations of the Water Vapor Greenhouse Effect Over the Equatorial Pacific Ocean

Airborne radiometric measurements were used to determine tropospheric profiles of the clear sky greenhouse effect. At sea surface temperatures (SSTs) larger than 300 kelvin, the clear sky water vapor greenhouse effect was found to increase with SST at a rate of 13 to 15 watts per square meter per kelvin. Satellite measurements of infrared radiances and SSTs indicate that almost 52 percent of the tropical oceans between 20°N and 20°S are affected during all seasons. Current general circulation models suggest that the increase in the clear sky water vapor greenhouse effect with SST may have climatic effects on a planetary scale.
Effects of linear cooling rate on motion characteristics of stallion spermatozoa

Abstract Three experiments were designed to analyze the effects of cooling rate on survival of stallion spermatozoa in a milk-based extender, at 0 to 96 hours after reaching the desired temperature. The samples were warmed to 37°C and were evaluated by computer-assisted analysis of sperm motility. In Experiment 1, rate of cooling between 37 and 20°C was evaluated. Sperm motion was not affected by cooling at plunge, −0.42 or −0.28°C/minute. However, storage of spermatozoa at 5°C after slow cooling below 20°C was superior to storage at 20°C. In Experiment 2, 3 cooling rates from 37° to 5°C were evaluated. Cooling at either −0.05 or −0.7°C/minute was superior (P 0.05) after cooling below 20°C at −0.012, −0.05 or −0.10°C/minute, and the 2 slower rates were superior (P
Asymmetric Synthesis of Umuravumbolide1

This first asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure desacetylumuravumbolide and umuravumbolide via asymmetric reduction, allylboration, and ring-closing metathesis confirms their revised structures and configurations. A convenient procedure to upgrade the enantiopurity of α,β-acetylenic alcohols is also described.
Theoretical upper-bound limitations for mixed-ligand complexes in solution

Abstract Theoretical considerations allow the calculation of the potential significance of mixed-ligand solution complexes. It can be shown that the solution concentration, [MXY], of a chemical species, MXY, cannot represent more than 50% of a metal's total dissolved concentration, MT. For higher ligand number mixed-ligand complexes it is found that ([MX2y]+ [MXY2)/MT 0.75 and ([MX3y] + [MX2Y2 ] + [MXY3] /MT 0.875. In high average ligand number systems, mixed complexes, MXaYb, can dominate a metal's solution chemistry even when only one single-ligand type species, MXa + b, is important. Mixed-ligand complexes may dominate the chemistry of highly associated hydrothermal solutions.
The invention and development of American internal medicine

During the early twentieth century American physicians considered several different ways to identify medical specialists. The first autonomous specialty board was incorporated in 1924, and over the next few decades the board system became the accepted system for credentialing specialists. In 1936 the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) became the twelfth specialty board. It was intended to recognize only a few outstanding internists, for the ABIM’s founders believed that general practitioners should continue to deliver the vast majority of care. However, World War II greatly increased the importance of the ABIM and of the specialty boards system. The army medical services emphasized the importance of board certification, thus encouraging physicians to receive residency training and to sit for a specialty board. After the war, the expanding VA hospital system provided them a place to do so. Specialty training and board certification became the norm, not the exception. Also, the national exigencies of World War II forced Congress to devise a new system to distribute federal funds for biomedical research to universities. That system, continued as the National Institutes of Health, supported the subsequent growth of internal medicine in general, as well as its subspecialties. Both the ABIM and the other specialty boards were formed at a particular time and place in response to the specific interests of individuals and organizations, and their histories reflect both the ideals of their founders and the long-term structural effects of war.
On modeling life

We present a theoretical as well as experimental investigation of a population of self-replicating segments of code subject to random mutation and survival of the fittest. Under the assumption that such a system constitutes a minimal system with characteristics of life, we obtain a number of statements on the evolution of complexity and the trade-off between entropy and information.
Cockayne Syndrome exhibits dysregulation of p21 and other gene products that may be independent of transcription coupled repair

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a progressive childhood neurodegenerative disorder associated with a DNA repair defect caused by mutations in either of two genes, CSA and CSB. These genes are involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA damage from ultraviolet (UV) light, other bulky chemical adducts and reactive oxygen in transcriptionally active genes (transcription-coupled repair, TCR). For a long period it has been assumed that the symptoms of CS patients are all due to reduced TCR of endogenous DNA damage in the brain, together with unexplained unique sensitivity of specific neural cells in the cerebellum. Not all the symptoms of CS patients are however easily related to repair deficiencies, so we hypothesize that there are additional pathways relevant to the disease, particularly those that are downstream consequences of a common defect in the E3 ubiquitin ligase associated with the CSA and CSB gene products. We have found that the CSB defect results in altered expression of anti-angiogenic and cell cycle genes and proteins at the level of both gene expression and protein lifetime. We find an over-abundance of p21 due to reduced protein turnover, possibly due to the loss of activity of the CSA/CSB E3 ubiquitylation pathway. Increased levels of p21 can result in growth inhibition, reduced repair from the p21-PCNA interaction, and increased generation of reactive oxygen. Consistent with increased reactive oxygen levels we find that CS-A and -B cells grown under ambient oxygen show increased DNA breakage, as compared with xeroderma pigmentosum cells. Thus the complex symptoms of CS may be due to multiple, independent downstream targets of the E3 ubiquitylation system that results in increased DNA damage, reduced transcription coupled repair, and inhibition of cell cycle progression and growth.