cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social support moderates the relation between childhood trauma and prenatal depressive symptoms in adolescent mothers.

Background: Depression is a concern during pregnancy, but it is especially prevalent for pregnant adolescents. Because prenatal depression is a strong predictor of postpartum depression and other forms of psychopathology in both mothers and children, it is important to understand potential risk and protective factors for prenatal depression.Objectives: The present study examined whether social support buffered the impact of childhood trauma on prenatal depression, and whether social support exerted a stronger buffering effect for adolescents compared to adults.Method: Self-reported levels of childhood trauma, social support, and prenatal depression were collected in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 682 first-time mothers, 58% were adolescents (n = 396; Mage = 17.38 years) and 42% were adults (n = 286; Mage = 26.29 years).Results: Using multi-group moderation analyses, we found that pregnant adolescents with more social support were buffered from the effects of childhood trauma on prenatal depression symptoms, but pregnant adults with more social support were not.Conclusion: Findings support the stress-buffering model in that those with more stressors may benefit more from social support than those with fewer stressors. These results highlight the importance of social support and inform prenatal depression prevention/intervention strategies particularly with pregnant adolescents.
Abstract 235: Interaction Between a Macrophage Chemokine Receptor, CCR2, and Its Ligand Plays a Crucial Role in Macrophage Recruitment Aand Regulated Inflammation in Normal Wound Healing

Background: Wound healing in chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), is impaired due to dysregulated inflammation. Innate immune cells, particularly macrophages, play a significant role in regulated inflammation following tissue injury. After injury, CCR2+ monocytes are recruited to the peripheral wound. This recruitment is mediated in part by the CCR2 ligand, CCL2. Thus, we hypothesized that the CCL2/CCR2 interaction is vital for normal wound healing and appropriate inflammation, and that this signaling cascade is impaired in T2D. Methods: CCR2 -/- mice and littermate controls underwent 4mm hindlimb wounds, and wound closure was compared daily. Wound macrophages (CD3-CD19-NK1.1-CD11b+ cells) were analyzed on day 3 by flow cytometry for intracellular cytokine production. Adoptive transfer was performed using blood CD11b+ cells from WT C57BL/6 or CCR2 -/- mice isolated by magnetic sorting and transferred into CCR2 -/- mice via tail vein injection. Mice were then wounded and wound closure was compared between the two groups. C57BL/6 mice were maintained on normal or high fat diet for 12-14 weeks, wounds were created, and CD11b+ cells were isolated from wounds on day 2. ELISA for CCL2 was performed. Results: CCR2 -/- mice showed significantly impaired wound healing on days 2-7 compared with littermate controls. Macrophages isolated on day 3 from wounds of CCR2 -/- mice expressed significantly less inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) by qPCR. Flow cytometry analysis revealed less Ly6C hi macrophages in the wounds, as well as macrophages that made significantly less IL-1β, NOS2, and TNF-α. When adoptive transfer was performed, wound healing was restored to normal in the mice that received WT compared to those that received CCR2 -/- CD11b+ cells (P Conclusion: Appropriate CCR2/CCL2 interaction plays a crucial role in macrophage recruitment and regulated inflammation in normal wound healing. Impairment in CCR2/CCL2 signaling may be responsible, in part, for delayed early inflammation in T2D.
Endoscopy in IBD — What Has it Accomplished?

For nearly 20 years, endoscopy has been widely used for diagnosis and management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is performed by many physicians so unhesitatingly so that one takes its value for granted, particularly regarding management decisions, but is this really the case? Just what does endoscopy actually accomplish in the diagnosis and management of IBD? The following is an attempt to provide an ‘accounting’ regarding the value of endoscopy in IBD, to answer this question regarding each of the following indications: 1 Assessing extent and severity 2 Distinguishing ulcerative colitis from Crohn’s disease and other colitides 3 Denoting recurrence following surgery in Crohn’s disease 4 Determing cancer risk 5 Establishing an upper GI cause of symptoms 6 Evaluating patients with cholestasis 7 Endoscopic dilatation and strictures
National Economic and Monetary Impacts of EFT

With Donald Tucker as the first speaker, the panel immediately took up the question of the relevant definition of EFT. Tucker’s definition of EFT included both its direct technological aspects and those institutional and regulatory innovations that may interact with EFT in affecting monetary policy. Other panel members generally agreed with this view. A broad definition of EFT is important in this context because it significantly increases the range of research topics that can be associated with EFT.
Quality of life and identity: the benefits of a community-based therapeutic recreation and adaptive sports program.

The purpose of the study was to examine perceived outcomes of participation in a community-based therapeutic recreation and adapted sports program on the quality of life and athletic identity of individuals with disabilities. Participants (n = 129) were involved in either an alpine skiing program or a horseback riding program provided by the National Ability Center, a non-profit communitybased therapeutic recreation and adaptive sports agency. Findings indicated that participation positively influenced quality of life, overall health, quality of family life, and quality of social life. Athletic identity was also reported and compared with other samples of people with and without disabilities. Findings and implications for therapeutic recreation professionals were discussed.
Three-dimensional changes in regional right ventricular curvature and function in tetralogy of fallot

Background Many patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have residual pulmonic stenosis and/or regurgitation after surgical repair, leading to maladaptive right ventricular (RV) remodeling. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is currently the gold standard for evaluating RV size and function. Analysis of regional volume and three-dimensional (3D) curvature of the RV from CMR images may provide new insights into the remodeling process. The aim of this study is to describe RV remodeling by characterizing regional endocardial surface curvature and function in patients with TOF. Methods CMR (1.5T Philips Achieva) was performed in subjects with repaired TOF (N=17, age range 9-53 years) and healthy volunteers (N=10, age range 23-43 years). The RV end-diastolic and end-systolic endocardial surfaces were manually segmented from a contiguous stack of short axis cine slices to construct a 3D model using custom software (figure). This model was used to measure regional volume and ejection fraction for the RV inflow, outflow, and trabecular regions. Local endocardial surface curvature was displayed on a color map of the 3D volume surface and regional curvature was calculated for the RV inflow, outflow, trabecular, free wall, and septal segments. The values for curvature were indexed to volume to remove the influence of volume between regions. The parameters from individuals with TOF were compared to those acquired from the healthy volunteers. Results As shown in the table, individuals with TOF had larger global RV volume and reduced ejection fraction when compared to controls. The trabecular region had relatively preserved ejection fraction, despite exhibiting the most enlargement. Conversely, the outflow and inflow regions had greater reductions in ejection fraction but only mild enlargement. The Trabecular region enlargement coincided with increased regional curvature, which was not as striking in the inflow and outflow regions. Those with TOF had higher overall free wall curvature. Septal curvature in TOF patients was higher (slightly convex) compared to controls (slightly concave). Global curvature, combining all septal and free wall regions, was higher in TOF patients. Conclusions Using analysis of RV 3D regional curvature and volumes from CMR images, we show that individuals with repaired TOF have regional variation in RV remodeling and function. Further evaluation is required to understand the clinical implications of this variable remodeling.
Reclassification calibration test for censored survival data: performance and comparison to goodness-of-fit criteria

The risk reclassification table assesses clinical performance of a biomarker in terms of movements across relevant risk categories. The Reclassification- Calibration (RC) statistic has been developed for binary outcomes, but its performance for survival data with moderate to high censoring rates has not been evaluated. We develop an RC statistic for survival data with higher censoring rates using the Greenwood-Nam-D’Agostino approach (RC-GND). We examine its performance characteristics and compare its performance and utility to the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test under various assumptions about the censoring rate and the shape of the baseline hazard. The RC-GND test was robust to high (up to 50%) censoring rates and did not exceed the targeted 5% Type I error in a variety of simulated scenarios. It achieved 80% power to detect better calibration with respect to clinical categories when an important predictor with a hazard ratio of at least 1.7 to 2.2 was added to the model, while the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit (gof) test had power of 5% in this scenario. The RC-GND test should be used to test the improvement in calibration with respect to clinically relevant risk strata. When an important predictor is omitted, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test is usually not significant, while the RC-GND test is sensitive to such an omission.
Phosphorylation of Cx43 residue Y313 by Src contributes to blocking the interaction with Drebrin and disassembling gap junctions

Abstract Phosphorylation regulates connexin43 (Cx43) function from assembly/disassembly to coupling at the plaque. Src is a tyrosine kinase known to both phosphorylate Cx43 (residues Y247 and Y265) and affect gap junction intercellular communication. However, the Cx43 carboxyl-terminal (CT) domain contains additional tyrosine residues and proteomic discovery mass spectrometry data identified Y313 as a potential phosphorylation target. Based upon the study of Lin et al. (2001) J. Cell Biol., which still observed tyrosine phosphorylation by Src when using a Cx43 Y247/Y265F mutant, we addressed the possibility of Y313 phosphorylation (pY313) by Src. In vitro Src phosphorylation of purified Cx43CT followed by mass spectroscopy revealed that Src also phosphorylates Y313. This observation was confirmed by repeating the in vitro phosphorylation using different combinations of Cx43CT Y → F mutants and a general anti-pTyr antibody. Next, a phospho-specific antibody was generated to help characterize the importance of pY313. We established an in cyto experimental system by stably expressing Cx43 WT and mutants (Y247F, Y265F, Y313F, Y247/265F, Y247/313F, Y265/313F, or Y247/265/313F) in Cx43-deficient HeLa cells. Cx43 WT and mutants, in the absence of v-Src, localized to the plasma membrane and formed gap junctions. When v-Src was over-expressed, Cx43 WT localized intracellularly, while all of the single and double mutants remained able to form plaques and transfer dye, albeit variable in number and amount, respectively. Complete Src-resistance was only achieved with the Cx43 Y247/265/313F mutant. Furthermore, Cx43 Y265F inhibited the ability of v-Src to phosphorylate Y247 and Y313 as well as phosphorylation at both Y265 and Y313 was necessary to inhibit the Cx43 interaction with Drebrin. Finally, we observed in diseased cardiac tissue, in which Src is active, an increase in intercalated disc and intracellular localized Cx43 pY313.
Incidence of Pancreatitis in Recipients of Hepatitis C Donor Hearts

Purpose Using hearts from hepatitis C (HCV) donors is a potential strategy to address organ shortage and extended waiting times in those listed for heart transplantation (HT). We report two cases of pancreatitis in patients who received hearts from HCV donors at our institution. Methods Between September 2016 and October 2018, 49 patients underwent HT using hearts from donors with active HCV viremia at time of organ recovery. All patients were treated with standard immunosuppression. Data collection and analysis were performed after obtaining informed patient consent and IRB approval. Results Forty-six of 49 patients (94%) developed HCV infection post-HT, including 2 patients who developed signs of hemorrhagic, necrotizing pancreatitis prior to initiation of HCV treatment with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies. Work-up for alternative causes of acute pancreatitis was unremarkable and, in both patients, pancreatitis resolved with initiation of HCV treatment. HCV viremia was associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (median (IQR) 46 mg/ L (20-106) and ferritin (median (IQR) 355 ng/ mL (204-693) suggesting an inflammatory response. Conclusion Recipients of hearts from HCV donors have promising long-term outcomes. However, we report two cases of hemorrhagic pancreatitis that developed in patients with HCV infection prior to therapy with DAAs. Further studies are needed to elucidate the potential association between HCV infection in immunosuppressed hosts, and acute pancreatitis.
Eltrombopag: wielding a double-edged sword?

In this issue of Blood , Winkler et al 1 report that extending eltrombopag therapy to at least 24 weeks can improve hematologic responses in patients with refractory severe aplastic anemia (rSAA), a lymphocyte-mediated bone marrow failure syndrome. Genetic analysis of patients from this and the initial rSAA cohorts 2,3 warn of cytogenetic evolution in 18% of eltrombopag-treated rSAA patients.
Sharpening randomization-based causal inference for 22 factorial designs with binary outcomes.

In medical research, a scenario often entertained is randomized controlled 22 factorial design with a binary outcome. By utilizing the concept of potential outcomes, Dasgupta et al. proposed a rand...
Roots of Resistance and Resilience: Agroecology Tactics for Resettlement

In the current era of intensifying global migration and displacement, people face significant obstacles as they resettle and reestablish community in a new place. This reflective essay explores the process that the researchers used to study how one com­munity in El Salvador employed agroecology tac­tics for resettlement after the Salvadoran civil war and has remained rooted despite new forms of vio­lence across Central America. The authors reflect on how their relationship to the community and their role as researchers from the United States vis­iting El Salvador unearths important connec­tions between resettlement and agroecology. An approach utilizing oral histories, participant obser­vation, and situation analysis revealed the need to connect macrolevel sociological perspectives on the environment to a spiritually informed under­standing of how people relate to food systems and agriculture in everyday life. The essay highlights how cooperative agroecology tactics can contribute to people’s ability to resist the forces that create contemporary environmental, human rights and international justice crises after displacement—or confront them with resilience. Concluding insights from El Salvador are offered to inform future agroecology and food systems scholarship and practice. See the press release for this article.
Robust Cellular Shape‐Memory Ceramics via Gradient‐Controlled Freeze Casting

Shape‐memory ceramics offer promise for applications like actuation and energy damping, due to their unique properties of high specific strength, high ductility, light weight and inertness in harsh environments. To date, shape‐memory behavior in ceramics is limited to micro/submicro‐scale pillars and particles to circumvent the longstanding problem of transformation‐induced fracture which occurs readily in bulk polycrystalline specimens. The challenge, therefore, lies in the realization of shape‐memory properties in bulk ceramics, which requires careful design of three‐dimensional structures that locally mimic pillar structures. In this work, it is demonstrated that with a gradient‐controlled freeze‐casting approach, honeycomb‐like cellular structures can be fabricated with thin and directionally aligned walls to facilitate martensitic transformation under compression without fracture. With this approach, robust bulk shape‐memory ceramics have been demonstrated in a highly porous structure with strengths under compressive stresses of 25 MPa and strains up to 7.5%.
Grounding Tantric Praxis in the Mahāyāna Meaning and Modes:: An Exoteric Doxography Contained in the Tangut Work Notes on the Keypoints of Mahāmudrā as the Ultimate

This paper explores a sūtra-based doxography contained in the 12th-century Tangut Mahāmudrā work Notes on the Keypoints of Mahāmudrā as the Ultimate. It employs the doctrinal complex of the doxogra...
Information, Interactivity, and the Prospects of a Global Citizenry: An Inquiry into the Nature and Function of Online News

The United States has one of the most technically advanced, most expansive, most evenly distributed, and most freely accessed communication system on the planet. Yet Americans are simultaneously one of the most poorly informed populations (in terms of diversity of opinions/sources, depth and breadth of knowledge, etc.). The proliferation of personalized information services, photo news galleries, computer simulations, and a host of interactive media links on commercial Internet news sites have been hailed recently as one remedy for this troubling statistic. By 2005 the nations comprising Western Europe will represent the largest concentration of netizens in the world with more than 300,000,000 people connected to the Net, many seeking the same conve niences enjoyed by their American counterparts. This paper examines the relationship between technical features and usage patterns on several of the leading Internet news sites. I argue that as the Internet becomes more technically sophisticated, a proportionate, though inverse trend in the epistemological sophistication of its user base will be inevitable. Finally, I discuss the implications this trend holds for the future of a “global citizenry.”
Evaluating Fractional Derivatives of the Riemann Zeta Function

We present a method for evaluating the reverse Grunwald-Letnikov fractional derivatives of the Riemann Zeta function \(\zeta (s)\) and use it to explore the location of zeros of integral and fractional derivatives on the left half plane.
‘I didn’t want to be a statistic’: black males, urban schooling, and educational urgency

Drawing upon resilience and educational urgency, this longitudinal study explores the narratives of 20 college-aged Black males as they make sense of their secondary school experiences at Marcus Ga...
Characterization of the influence of aluminum particle size on the temperature of composite-propellant flames using CO absorption and AlO emission spectroscopy

Abstract Understanding the temperature of aluminized, composite-propellant flames is critical to achieving robust rocket motor designs and developing accurate, predictive models for propellant combustion. This work presents measurements of (1) the temperature of CO (within the flame bath gas) and (2) the temperature of AlO (located primarily within regions surrounding the burning aluminum particles) within aluminized, composite-propellant flames as a function of height above the burning propellant surface. Three aluminized, ammonium-perchlorate (AP), hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composite propellants with varying aluminum particle size (nominally 31 μ m, 4.5 μ m, or 80 nm) and one non-aluminized AP-HTPB propellant were studied while burning in air at 1 atm. A wavelength-modulation-spectroscopy technique was utilized to measure CO temperature and mole fraction via mid-infrared wavelengths and a conventional AlO emission-spectroscopy technique was utilized to measure the temperature of AlO. The bath-gas temperature varied significantly between propellants, particularly within 2 cm of the burning surface. The propellant with the smallest particles (nano-scale aluminum) had the highest average temperatures and far less variation with measurement location. At all measurement locations, the average bath-gas temperature increased as the initial particle size of aluminum in the propellant decreased, likely due to increased aluminum combustion. The results support arguments that larger aluminum particles can act as a heat sink near the propellant surface and require more time and space to ignite and burn completely. On a time-averaged basis, the temperatures measured from AlO and CO agreed within uncertainty at near 2650 K in the nano-aluminum propellant flame, however, AlO temperatures often exceeded CO temperatures by ≈ 250 to 800 K in the micron-aluminum propellant flames. This result suggests that in the flames studied here, and on a time-averaged basis, the micron-aluminum particles burn in the diffusion-controlled combustion regime, whereas the nano-aluminum particles burn within or very close to the kinetically controlled combustion regime.
Probable parenteral and oral contrast-induced Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

Abstract We report a case of contrast-inducted Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). The patient had received parenteral iopamidol and oral iohexol five days prior. The patient's chief complaint at the Emergency Department (ED) presentation was shortness of breath and blisters throughout body. Upon arrival, the patient was awake, alert, and oriented with a blood pressure (BP) of 166/68, heart rate (HR) of 117 beats per minute, respiratory rate (RR) of 22 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation of 94% on room air. A review of systems was unremarkable with the exception of chills, fatigue and rash. Physical exam was significant for right eye edema/crusting, hemorrhagic bullae, and maculopapular rash. The patient's initial laboratory results were significant for platelets (PLT) of 549 and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 8.48 × 10(3)/mcL, neutrophils 84.2%, and lymphocytes 10%. Complete metabolic panel was normal with serum creatinine 0.77 mg/dL. The patient was initially treated with diphenhydramine, methylprednisolone, ondansetron, sodium chloride, lorazepam and oxycodone-acetaminophen. Hemotology/Oncology and Trauma/Burn consult identified possible SJS/TEN and the patient was transferred to another facility for dermatologic/burn follow up.
Variational Inequality Models of Dynamic Departure Time/Route Choice Problems

In this chapter, we consider an ideal situation where all travelers are equipped with navigation devices and fully comply with the dynamic user-optimal criterion when choosing routes, departure times and modes. We first present a dynamic, user-optimal departure time/route choice model for a general network with multiple origin-destination pairs. We model this choice problem by specifying that a given number of travelers are ready for departure between each origin-destination pair at time 0. However, their departure times may be delayed to reduce their overall travel costs. A route-based variational inequality model for joint departure time/route choice is presented in Section 14.1. In a parallel fashion, a link-based variational inequality model is proposed in Section 14.2. The relationship between the variational inequality models and the optimization models is discussed in Section 14.3.
Cybernetics, Systems Biology, and the Phenomenological Gap [Historical Perspectives]

When I entered graduate school in 2014 with the goal of studying biological control systems, something I quickly noticed was that many of the most prominent people in the field seemed to have an incredible admiration for the ideas that grew out of Norbert Wienerrs cybernetics movement. Not knowing any of the history, the term cybernetics sounded more like something out of an early Isaac Asimov novel than a genuine research discipline. Though there was this clear admiration of cybernetics, Wienerrs work, for the most part, was not directly incorporated in our curriculum or textbooks in the way that the works of Bode, Shannon, and Nyquist were, aside from a few highly technical topics like Wiener filters and Wiener processes. What I took from this is that it must have been an interesting idea but not something that was a central part of the rest of the theoretical framework for analyzing feedback systems that made up my first years in the control systems graduate program.
Endothelin blockade augments pulmonary vasodilation in the ovine fetus

Ivy, D. Dunbar, John P. Kinsella, and Steven H. Abman.Endothelin blockade augments pulmonary vasodilation in the ovine fetus. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2481–2487, 1996.—The physiological role of end...
Ultrastructural Changes in Impotent Penile Tissue: A Comparison of 65 Patients

AbstractTo determine whether impotence is caused by specific and consistent changes in erectile tissue, we compared the ultrastructure of the corpora cavernosa in 6 controls with that in 59 patients undergoing implantation of a penile prosthesis. The impotent patients were divided into groups based on a medical history of hypertension (10), pelvic surgery (9), alcoholic smokers (8), hypertensive alcoholics (3), hypertensive alcoholic smokers (3), smokers (3), diabetics (8), diabetic smokers (3), Peyronie’s disease (3), spinal cord injury (3) and isolated causes (6). Our data demonstrate that different behavioral and/or medical conditions produce similar degenerative tissue responses. There is no single or specific cause of impotence that is manifest by consistent changes in erectile tissue.
Factors Influencing the Incorporation of Hazard Mitigation During Recovery from Disaster

This paper examines the factors promoting theadoption of mitigation measures during long-term recoveryfollowing Hurricane Hugo in the United States. Recovery fromdisaster offers opportunities for improving community resilienceto future disasters and for promoting sustainability. Variousdynamics during recovery, however, can interfere with mitigationof hazards. In this study the adoption of mitigation duringrecovery in three case communities after Hurricane Hugo isevaluated, with a focus on the influence of various regulations onhazard mitigation. There is a very strong connection betweendevelopment management and hazard mitigation; resourcemanagement also contributes to hazard mitigation. Conditionsthat influence advancement of hazard mitigation at thecommunity level include local leadership, a linkage betweenwell-established ways of doing things and new policies,adaptation to dynamic local conditions, monitoring andcompliance strategies tailored to suit local conditions, recognitionof local rights, and stakeholders' involvement in developingstrategies.
The Earliest Years of Federal Social Welfare Legislation: Federal Poor Relief Prior to the Civil War

This article traces the history of federal social welfare legislation to the pre-Civil War era.
Banking Competition and the Lending Channel: Evidence from Bank-Level Data in Asia and Latin America

This paper examines how banking competition affects the transmission of monetary policy through the bank lending channel. Using bank-level panel data for commercial banks in ten Asian countries and ten Latin American countries during the period from 1996 to 2006, we apply a two-stage estimation procedure. In the first stage, we measure the degree of banking competition by applying the methodology proposed by Panzar and Rosse (1987). The results show that banking markets in Latin America and Asia are characterized by monopolistic competition, and overall, banking competition in Latin America is higher than in Asia. In the second stage regression analysis, we estimate a loan growth equation where the explanatory variables include the Panzar-Rosse measure of banking competition. The estimation results provide consistent evidence that increased competition in the banking sector weakens the transmission of monetary policy through the bank lending channel. This is especially so for banks in Latin American countries and banks with small size, low liquidity, and low capitalization. We also discuss the policy implications of the main findings of this paper.
Enhanced Spatial Mapping Capabilities for the Kilo Nalu Observatory

Abstract : The Kilo Nalu Observatory, online since October, 2004, provides a window into the Hawaiian coastal environment. Baseline observations at Kilo Nalu include time series of currents, directional waves, temperature profiles and water chemistry at 10m and 20m depths. A high resolution spatial view of local environment is critical in establishing context for the time-series data. This spatial data is being provided via surveys using a REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in conjunction with ROV-based observations. The long-term objectives for the work are to maintain operational AUV support for ONR funded research at Kilo Nalu focusing on nearshore hydrodynamics and sediment transport and to develop new applications using AUV based sampling.
Circuits of Secularity or the Aesthetics of Religion in an Age of Cities and Citations

This article explores the circulation of contemporary discourses on religion and secularity in the western Himalayas. It traces a media circuit from Himachal Pradesh's remote villages to its urban centers and back again, using the circuit as a hermeneutic to illuminate how religion and the city become mutually constituted problems in need of definition, defense or reform. The conjoined circulation of ‘religion’ and ‘the city’— both as discursive products and as lived realities — has restructured how Himachalis understand, perform and problematize relations to local deities and the rites they enjoin as well as performances in and reflections on urban spaces and their rural exteriors. In this new circulatory system, the individual becomes the foundation of authority, the state trumps competing organizational forms, deities become metaphysical abstractions, particular beliefs are repurposed as religion, and villages emerge as ‘heritage’ to be promoted and observed. I use this argument to show why, despite the self-evidence of religion's meaning for those mobilizing its powers, a stable definition must remain forever a chimera.
Evaluation of design variables in Thompson coil based operating mechanisms for ultra-fast opening in hybrid AC and DC circuit breakers

The paper presents the operation transient analysis and multi-physics complexities in the design of a Thompson coil based ultra-fast mechanical switch for hybrid AC and DC circuit breakers. The electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal behavior of the switch has been analyzed through simulation using a multi-physics finite element software. The design variables have been classified into lumped circuit and geometric parameters; the sensitivity analysis by means of systematic and comprehensive simulations on these parameters helped establish the design guidelines. The switch has been designed with optimization for both the circuit parameters and geometrical dimensions of components targeting 2 mm travel for separation within 1 ms.
Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy as cardiac transplant recipients. Indications for and results of cardiac transplantation and comparison with patients with coronary artery disease.

Abstract In recent years end-stage congestive cardiomyopathy has become an increasingly frequent clinical diagnosis in candidates for cardiac transplantation. Forty-six patients who underwent transplantation because of congestive cardiomyopathy and 59 because of coronary artery disease were studied between 1971 and 1978 at Stanford University. The overall 1 year survival rate was similar in the two groups: cardiomyopathy-transplant, 64 percent and coronary artery disease-transplant, 55 percent. The survival rate has improved substantially for both groups within the last decade: The 3 year survival rate for cardiomyopathy-transplant patients undergoing cardiac transplantation since 1974 is nearly 60 percent. In contrast, 36 similarly ill patients with cardiomyopathy not undergoing transplantation had a 1 year survival rate of 23 percent and a 3 year survival rate of 4 percent (p
SPATIAL PATTERN, DENSITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE WOOD IN CONNECTICUT STREAMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR STREAM RESTORATION PRIORITIES IN SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND

Many streams have been modified so extensively that river managers do not have clear reference conditions to frame targets for stream restoration. Large woody debris (LWD) has long been recognized as an important influence on both geomorphic and ecologic processes in stream channels; however, there have been few studies of LWD dynamics in New England. Although this region is heavily forested today, the forest is predominantly young (70–90 years old) regrowth following a historical episode of severe deforestation. This study presents the results of an extensive census of LWD and associated stream characteristics in over 16 river kilometres of northeastern Connecticut streams and represents the first reported inventory of wood loading and sorting in Southern New England. Results of this study indicate that wood loading and jam frequencies in the study region are low: 2.5–17.8 and 0.5–5.51 per 100 m, respectively. Orientation of LWD is predominantly parallel to flow, an indication that these streams are not retaining organic matter or sediment, which has important geomorphic and ecologic implications. Results imply that stream recruitment of LWD is still lagging from the massive forest conversions of the 18th and 19th centuries. Given the low wood loadings observed in the study reaches, manual wood addition and continued forest regeneration would likely improve both habitat diversity and organic matter and fine sediment retention in these systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role for dusp4 in modulating PPARγ activity by covalent modification in adipocytes (1037.12)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a prominent role in adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity with aberrant ac...
Fluid secretion in epithelial cells: a key role of the Na-k-2Cl cotransporter 1

In epithelial cells such as those lining the colon or the upper airway, fluid secretion serves to lubricate and protect the surface of the epithelia. Dysfunction of fluid secretion is the hallmark of several human diseases (e.g. secretory diarrhea, cystic fibrosis or Sjogren’s syndrome). In secretory epithelia, fluid secretion is linked to transepithelial anions secretion (e.g. chloride or bicarbonate). For many years investigators have tried to manipulate anion secretion to treat fluid-associated disorders but with minimal success.
Capacitance of thin Ferroelectric films obtained with different methods

Thin film Ferroelectric capacitance can be obtained with two methods. Capacitance obtained by the derivative of its hysteresis loop is related to large applied signal. Capacitance measured directly with small applied alternate current signal together with slow changing dc bias is related to small signal circuit analysis. This paper investigated the relationship between the two types of capacitance. Measurements show that C-V curves obtained with the first method have much sharper peaks and higher peak values. A model, which divides the polarization of Pb (Zr, Ti) O3 (PZT) into linear polarization and switching polarization, was utilized to analyze the mechanism.
Saturation Flow Rate, Start-Up Lost Time, and Capacity for Bicycles at Signalized Intersections

A review of the literature shows that capacity and saturation flow rate for on-street bicycle lanes at intersections have not been measured on the basis of bicycle discharge at intersections at the start of the green phase. The Highway Capacity Manual 2000 recommends a saturation flow rate of 2,000 bicycles per hour for a bicycle lane at a signalized intersection. However, this recommendation is not based on field studies at the intersection and is not a function of the width of the bicycle lane. A revised estimate is provided of saturation flow rate, and an estimate is provided of start-up lost time for bicycles based on data collected at the stop line of signalized intersections. In addition, the lateral stopped distance of automobiles from bicycle lanes, the lateral stopped distance of bicycles from adjacent lanes, and the lateral and longitudinal stopped distance between pairs of bicycles at a signalized intersections are presented. Bicycles may form more than one queue within a bicycle lane at the stop line. Since bicycles maintain a certain distance from the adjacent lane and the curb, the number of queues formed varies based on the width of the bicycle lane. Therefore, the saturation flow rate for a bicycle lane depends on the number of queues or the width of the bicycle lane. The saturation flow rates for bicycle lanes of varying widths are proposed on the basis of the lateral stopped distance of bicycles. Empirical evidence from intersections in Colorado and California is used to propose a new method to estimate the capacity for a bicycle lane.
Tests of an approximate formula for the paramagnetic magnetizability

Abstract Recently, it was found that the paramagnetic magnetizability χpαβ can be approximated as (e2/4me)Σk(r2kδαβ − rkαrkβ) where me is the electron mass, e is the unit of electron change, and rk is the centroid of the localized molecular orbital occupied by the kth electron. This relation is further investigated for dependence on the choice of basis set, the molecular geometry (experimental versus theoretical geometry) and for predictive capabilities. It is found that the above-mentioned approximate relation provides values that are nearly independent of the choice of basis set and molecular geometry. The predicted values were found to match with the corresponding experimental values within ≈ 15%. These observations suggest that this expression is suited for larger molecular systems where other methods of predicting χpαβ are not practical.
Stages of condom use and decisional balance among college students.

AIMS: To explore sexual behaviours and condom use and differences in specific items of perceived benefits and barriers to condoms using the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) stages among college students in southern Taiwan. BACKGROUND: The TTM suggests that individuals in the action or maintenance stage exhibit higher levels of perceived benefits and lower levels of perceived barriers related to condom use than people in the precontemplation contemplation or preparation stage. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional design with cluster sampling among college students from two universities in southern Taiwan. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires including demographic data Sexual History and Condom Use Scale and Condom Use Decisional Balance Scale. RESULTS: Of the 279 participants 57% were sexually active of these only 11.9% used condoms consistently. Respondents in the TTM stage of action/maintenance perceived greater benefits in relation to feeling more responsible (P = 0.031) and protecting their partners as well as themselves (P = 0.028) and perceived more barriers in believing that using condom needs to rely on partners cooperation (P = 0.046) than participants in precontemplation. Participants in precontemplation and contemplation perceived more barriers related to worry about making their partner angry if condoms were used than those in action/maintenance (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Low levels of condom use among Taiwanese college students remain a significant public health concern. HIV prevention programmes for college students in Taiwan may be enhanced if they incorporate readiness to change and perceived benefits and barriers. Future research should include a larger sample with diverse groups.
Infrared optical properties of phosphorus-derived smoke.

The reaction of elemental phosphorus with atmospheric oxygen and water vapor produces a highly visible white smoke; extinction spectra in the 7–14-μm infrared have been measured for such phosphorus-derived smokes in varying environmental conditions. The extinction spectra show that the smoke particles are not homogeneous droplets of o-phosphoric acid. A descriptive model of the formation of the phosphorus-derived smoke particles is proposed; this model describes the smoke particles as chemically quasi-stable radially inhomogeneous layered spheres of condensed phosphoric acids. The dependence of phosphorus-derived smoke extinction on relative humidity is described, and extinction spectra taken over a 280-min time period show that the smoke evolves toward an o-phosphoric acid aerosol.The relative humidity and time-dependent smoke extinction spectra are compared with o-phosphoric acid extinction spectra computed from Lorenz-Mie theory. The optical constants of the phosphorus-derived smoke are found from the extinction spectra as functions of relative humidity and time.
Impending Sudden Cardiac Death: Treatment with Myocardial Revascularization and the Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

Abstract Myocardial revascularization and implantation of the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) have individually been shown to improve survival in patients after sudden cardiac death. Their combined role has not been well defined. Twenty-three survivors of sudden death underwent revascularization and AICD implantation at an average age of 59 years. The initial arrest was caused by ventricular fibrillation in 15 and ventricular tachycardia in 8. Exercise stress tests, ambulatory ECGs, and electrophysiological monitoring with programmed electrical stimulation were done preoperatively and postoperatively. Follow-up averaged 24 months with a two-year survival of 91%. Eight patients (35%) required AICD resuscitation an average of 8 months postoperatively, and electrophysiological testing did not accurately predict arrhythmia recurrence. The addition of AICD implantation to revascularization substantially improves survival of patients with sudden cardiac death.
Towards very high resolution imaging in ultrasound-modulated optical tomography of biological tissues

We explored the possibility of applying very high ultrasound frequencies to achieve very high resolution in ultrasound-modulated optical tomography of soft biological tissues. The ultrasound-modulated coherent light that traversed the scattering biological tissue was detected by a long-cavity and a large etendue confocal Fabry- Perot interferometer. We used various focused ultrasound transducers of 15 MHz, 30 MHz, and 50 MHz to obtain two dimensional images of optically absorbing objects positioned at a few millimeters depth below the surface of both optically scattering phantoms and soft biological tissue samples. This technology is complementary to other imaging technologies, such as confocal microscopy and optical-coherence tomography, and has potential for broad biomedical applications.
Electrical Signs of Selective Attention in the Human Brain

Auditory evoked potentials were recorded from the vertex of subjects who listened selectively to a series of tone pips in one ear and ignored concurrent tone pips in the other ear. The negative component of the evoked potential peaking at 80 to 110 milliseconds was substantially larger for the attended tones. This negative component indexed a stimulus set mode of selective attention toward the tone pips in one ear. A late positive component peaking at 250 to 400 milliseconds reflected the response set established to recognize infrequent, higher pitched tone pips in the attended series.
Delayed vocal ontogeny in songbirds: a laboratory study validates a model for delayed development derived from field studies

Based on field studies, we proposed a model that describes how vocal ontogeny proceeds over a 2-year period in wild brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). We tested this model in the laboratory by exposing yearling male cowbirds (n = 7 tutees), trapped at the start of the breeding season in a southern California dialect, to adult tutors with unfamiliar song types from a different dialect. As adults at the start of their second season, the tutees all had enlarged repertoires based almost entirely on tutor song types. Thus, tutees dropped song types in their yearling repertoires that did not match tutor types and added tutor songs that they had heard for the first time as yearlings in captivity. We discuss these findings in the context of a previous captivity study in which tutees also changed their yearling repertoires but generally failed to copy their tutors’ songs. This is the first laboratory study to fully replicate the delayed ontogeny we have described for wild cowbirds, and validates the delayed vocal development model we proposed. This model is important in a more general context, because it explains how song dialects can remain temporally stable despite immigration by young males with non-local songs.