cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Sex Pheromones in the Control of the Olive Fruit Fly, Dacus Oleae: Present Status — Prospects

Since 1981, when synthetic sex pheromones of Dacus oleae became available, much effort has been made toward their use in the control of this pest. A brief review of background information pertaining to this subject is presented here. Attempts at practical use of D. oleae pheromones include: monitoring, mass trapping and mating disruption. Although definite correlation of pheromone trap catches and olive fruit infestation has been reported, pheromone traps are not used yet for monitoring wild populations. Mass trapping, after its 5-year development process, today shows good possibilities of success. Although mass trapping in its present form cannot replace current control practices, it is expected that improvement of trap efficiency and establishment of optimal trap densities will make this goal possible in the near future. Mating disruption is still at the preliminary stage, though some encouraging results have been reported.
Optimizing the vertical profile of SiGe HBTs to mitigate radiation-induced upsets

Profile optimization techniques are investigated for silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) intended for inverse-mode (IM) operation. IM device operation, also known as inverse active, involves electrically swapping the emitter and collector terminals and has been shown to improve the radiation tolerance of SiGe HBTs to single event transients (SETs). Multiple profile design variations are explored and trade-offs are analyzed with support of TCAD simulation. Modest design variations show marked improvement on IM performance while having minor impact on forward-mode (normal active) operation.
Found in Translation: Soluble ST2 and Heart Disease

Translational research has delivered us with many proven or potential biomarkers for evaluation and management of the patient with heart disease, and unmistakably, biomarker testing has absolutely contributed to the basic understanding of many cardiovascular diseases. However—with rare exception
A Mindful Re-visioning of Couple and Family Therapy Practice

This chapter explores the constructivist connections between Buddhist psychology and family therapy theoretical foundations, including six key concepts: emptiness, interdependence, nonself, impermanence, not knowing, and compassion. In addition, the chapter outlines nine principles of mindfully oriented couple and family therapy that derived from these fundamental concepts.
The Stereochemical Consequences of Coulomb Polarization in Ground State Molecules

In the original monograph,1 we distinguished five different types of MOVB interaction matrix elements shown in Figure 1. In previous chapters, we have focused primary attention on the chemical implications of CT interaction and we have also seen what role bielectronic polarization plays in problems of molecular electronic structure, with the confines of VB and MOVB theory. Our intention now is to rationally design systems in which monoelectronic polarization and bielectronic correlation becomes as important as CT interaction and probe the stereochemical consequences of CW interaction brought about by the pij and Wij interaction matrix elements. For reasons that will become apparent, we shall refer to bonding effected by the pij and Wij. matrix elements as coulomb polarization refering to the specific mechanisms as either p or W polarization. For pedagogical reasons, we develop the theory of p and W polarization using elementary systems from which we ultimately generalize to the polyelectronic species. As we shall see, coulomb polarization becomes important when the constituent atoms of a system are weak overlap binders. Thus, this is yet another dimension of the general problem of weak binding first discussed in chapters 1 and 2.
Abstract T P231: Does Intraventricular Hemorrhage Lead to a Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus-Like Syndrome?

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has the highest short and long-term morbidity and mortality rates of stroke subtypes. While increased intracranial pressure due to the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) may relate to early poor outcomes, the mechanism of reduced 3-month outcome with IVH is unclear. We hypothesized that IVH may cause symptoms similar to normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), specifically urinary incontinence and gait disturbance. Methods: We used interviewed cases from the Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke Study (7/1/08-12/31/12) that had 3-month follow-ups available. CT images were analyzed for ICH volume and location, and IVH presence and volume. Incontinence and dysmobility were defined by Barthel Index at 3 months. We chose a Barthel Index score of bladder less than 10 and mobility less than 15 to define incontinence and dysmobility, respectively. Multivariate analysis was used to assess independent risk factors for incontinence and dysmobility. ICH and IVH volumes were log transformed because of non-normal distributions. Results: Barthel Index was recorded for 308 ICH subjects, of whom 106 (34.4%) had IVH. Presence of IVH was independently associated with both incontinence (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.2; p=.003) and dysmobility (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4-4.8; p=.003). The Table shows that increasing IVH volume was also independently associated with both incontinence and dysmobility after controlling for ICH location, ICH volume, age, baseline mRS, and admission GCS. Conclusion: Our data show that patients with IVH after ICH are at an increased risk for developing the NPH-like symptoms of incontinence and dysmobility. This may explain the worse long-term outcomes of patients who survive ICH with IVH than those who had ICH alone. Future studies are needed to confirm this finding, and to determine the effect of IVH interventions such as shunt or intraventricular thrombolysis. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Human factors analysis of the diesel-electric locomotive cab.

Using information collected over 6 1/2 years, a human factors analysis was completed of the diesel-electric locomotive cab. The analysis was directed towards displays, control design and arrangement, and environmental quality. Nineteen recommendations were provided for the modification of existing cabs and the design of new cabs to enable future locomotive crews to work more efficiently and safely in a more comfortable work environment.
Tax Claims in Transnational Insolvencies: A 'Revenue Rule' Approach

This article addresses the issue of how foreign tax claims should be treated in the context of a transnational insolvency. Generally, in a transnational insolvency, the home country of the debtor pools the assets of the debtor and distributes them in accordance with its bankruptcy laws. While this may result in detrimental outcomes to non-home countries, the predictability which it promotes has been accepted as a worthwhile goal.However, this cooperation does not extend to foreign tax claims which are asserted in bankruptcy, and this lack of cooperation threatens both the policy goals and the practical results of transnational insolvencies. In fact, this gap in the law has been recognized both by leading bankruptcy scholars and by influential organizations such as the American Law Institute and the United Nations. Thus, this article analyzes the reasons behind the reluctance to enforce foreign tax claims, both in the bankruptcy context and in general. It then develops several solutions, which, if implemented, would successfully allow for the enforcement of foreign tax claims in bankruptcy in a manner which would not only mitigate the policy concerns of nations, but would actively promote acknowledged policy goals in both the bankruptcy and tax contexts.
Grant Me the Grace of Control: How a Sense-of-Control Mindset Increases Subjective Well-Being

Two studies tested whether creating a sense-of-control mindset increases subjective well-being (SWB). In Study 1, people reflected either on aspects of their lives they could control or on aspects ...
Accuracy of Different Sampling Pumps and Detector Tube Combinations to Determine Phosphine Concentrations

Seven types of phosphine detector tubes were tested with five types of pumps for drawing gas samples through the tubes. The accuracy of measuring a known concentration of phosphine was tested to assess the effects of combining each tube with each of the five pumps. Wide variations in readings were obtained with many of the tube-pump combinations. Some tubes were more affected by varying rates of gas flow than others. These results reveal some of the limitations in using detector tubes for measuring phosphine concentrations, either in fumigation or for monitoring phosphine in air near fumigated material.
Effect of Icicle Bridge Conditions on the Melting Time Distribution and Flashover Probability

Aiming at reflecting the effect of ice morphology on the melting process and its flashover, according to the ice morphology captured in field, we extracted four kinds of typical ice morphology including bridged icicles, non-bridged icicles, and their combination. Flashover experiments under different morphology were carried out during the melting period. According to the electrical field simulation, the effect of droplet ejection was analyzed and compared. Moreover, from the perspective of voltage-time distribution and flashover probability, we mainly concerned with the effect of impact factors, including applied water conductivity, icicle length, combination of air gap and icicle length, and compared their flashover characters. The experiment results show that the applied water conductivity and icicle length will affect the residue ice layer resistance; Flashover voltage decreases by 33% and 10%, respectively, while conductivity increases from 150 μS/cm to 750 μS/cm and length declines from 6 cm to 4 cm. Bridged icicle absorbs extra power for ice melting, leading to flashover increase. It is verified in the double ice layer experiment that flashover voltage increases by 14% when bridge icicle exists. It can be concluded that non-bridged icicle is more vulnerable to suffer ice flashover compared to bridged icicle because of electrical field concentration at the icicle tip, leading to relatively lower withstand voltage.
Study on combination forecasting model for mid-long term power load based on GMDH

The combination forecasting model has been widely used in mid-long term load forecasting,which can reduce the forecasting risk and then improve the forecasting effect.Many combining forecast models are the weighted average results of some single forecasting models,so advantages of the combining forecast model have not been discovered yet.The group method of data handling(GMDH) was applied to form the multiple non-linear combination forecasting model in this paper.The important information was automatically extracted from data,and non-linear mapping model was automatically generated.The forecasting accuracy was improved.The results in practical operation demonstrated that the proposed method can overcome the disadvantage of traditional combination forecasting model.It is a good way for mid-long term load forecasting.
STUDIO REPORT: UC BERKELEY CENTER FOR NEW MUSIC AND AUDIO TECHNOLOGIES (CNMAT)

The UC Berkeley Center for New Music and Audio Technologies (CNMAT) houses programs in research, pedagogy and public performance that are focused on the creative interaction between music and technology. CNMAT’s pedagogy program is highly integrated with the Department of Music’s graduate program in composition, while the research program is linked with other disciplines and departments on campus such as architecture, mathematics, statistics, mechanical engineering, computer science, electrical engineering, psychology, cognitive science, physics, space sciences, the Center for New Media, and the Department of Theater, Dance, and Performance Studies. This Studio Report describes a number of new or continuing projects and initiatives we are pursuing, including the presentation of noteworthy composers, performers, researchers, and other individuals of interest to the campus community and general public.
Sonoluminescence: the star in a jar

The acoustics lab at the University of California in Los Angeles has seen a dramatic change in the past eight years. The transducers, microphones and amplifiers that are normally used for studying sound have now been joined by spectrometers, femtosecond lasers, the fastest oscilloscopes and photomultiplier tubes, as well as the most accurate time-interval meters. Equally important, but of a lesser technology, there is also equipment to purify water, and manifolds to prepare and control the gas content of fluids.
Hole Engineering—From Filters to Counters

Like a vacuum, a hole is not much. But holes of controlled geometry have many uses, both scientific and technological. And commercial applications abound.
Current-based motor condition monitoring: Complete protection of induction and PM machines

A complete summary of state-of-the-art techniques for monitoring and protecting each major component of low voltage, line-connected induction and permanent magnet synchronous motors is given in this paper. Specifically, a method for protecting the machine from thermal overload is presented, along with a method for robust stator turn-fault detection and operating fault tolerance. Current-based spectral analysis for rotor and rotating faults, as well as bearing faults is also presented. Each of these techniques are proved to provide condition- and fault-related information to the user without additional sensors.
Combining knowledge from diverse sources: An alternative to traditional data independence hypotheses

Consider the assessment of any unknown event A through its conditional probability P(A | B,C) given two data events B, C of different sources. Each event could involve many locations jointly, but the two data events are assumed such that the probabilities P(A | B) and P(A | C) can be evaluated. The challenge is to recombine these two partially conditioned probabilities into a model for P(A | B,C) without having to assume independence of the two data events B and C. The probability P(A | B,C) is then used for estimation or simulation of the event A. In presence of actual data dependence, the combination algorithm provided by the traditional conditional independence hypothesis is shown to be nonrobust leading to various inconsistencies. An alternative based on a permanence of updating ratios is proposed, which guarantees all limit conditions even in presence of complex data interdependence. The resulting recombination formula is extended to any number n of data events and a paradigm is offered to introduce formal data interdependence.
Activity-dependent redistribution of Kv2.1 ion channels on rat spinal motoneurons.

Homeostatic plasticity occurs through diverse cellular and synaptic mechanisms, and extensive investigations over the preceding decade have established Kv2.1 ion channels as key homeostatic regulatory elements in several central neuronal systems. As in these cellular systems, Kv2.1 channels in spinal motoneurons (MNs) localize within large somatic membrane clusters. However, their role in regulating motoneuron activity is not fully established in vivo. We have previously demonstrated marked Kv2.1 channel redistribution in MNs following in vitro glutamate application and in vivo peripheral nerve injury (Romer et al., 2014, Brain Research , 1547:1–15). Here, we extend these findings through the novel use of a fully intact, in vivo rat preparation to show that Kv2.1 ion channels in lumbar MNs rapidly and reversibly redistribute throughout the somatic membrane following 10 min of electrophysiological sensory and/or motor nerve stimulation. These data establish that Kv2.1 channels are remarkably responsive in vivo to electrically evoked and synaptically driven action potentials in MNs, and strongly implicate motoneuron Kv2.1 channels in the rapid homeostatic response to altered neuronal activity.
The Imperfect Solid—Semiconductors

In this discussion of semiconductors the band picture will be adopted for the electronic energy states. In a perfect crystalline semiconductor at 0°K the valence electrons completely fill a quasicontinuous band of levels, the valence band, which in turn is separated by an energy gap from the next higher, unoccupied band of levels called the conduction band. The valence electrons are delocalized and belong to the crystal as a whole in the sense that their wave functions possess identical values at equivalent points in every unit cell of the crystal. Since there are no empty energy states accessible at 0°K, the electrons in the filled band cannot receive net energy from an imposed electric field, i.e., a filled band does not contribute to the electrical conductivity. In order for this to occur in either a perfect or imperfect (impure) semiconductor, electrons must be excited into the conduction band, where there are many empty levels, or out of the valence band, leaving empty levels there. In the latter case the net movement of the electrons in the nearly filled valence band is equivalent to that of positive charge carriers, called holes, whose number is equal to that of the empty energy levels.
“Seeing the World with Fresh Eyes”: Understanding Aesthetic Experience via Gurdjieff’s Phenomenology of Human Being

In this article, I draw on Gurdjieff’s philosophy to initiate a phenomenology of aesthetic experience, which I define as any intense emotional engagement that one feels in encountering or creating an artistic work, whether a painting, poem, song, dance, sculpture, or something else. To consider how aesthetic experience might be understood in a Gurdjieffian framework, I begin with an overview of phenomenology, emphasizing the phenomenological concepts of lifeworld and natural attitude, about which Gurdjieff said much, though not using phenomenological language. I then discuss Gurdjieff’s “psychology of human beings” as it might be interpreted phenomenologically, emphasizing three major claims: first, that, human beings are “asleep”; second, that they are “machines”; and, third, that they are “three-centered beings.” I draw on the last claim—human “three-centeredness”—to highlight how aesthetic experiences might be interpreted via Gurdjieff’s philosophy. Drawing on accounts from British philosopher and Gurdjieff associate J. G. Bennett, I end by considering how a Gurdjieffian perspective understands the role of the artistic work in contributing to aesthetic experience.
Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: A single institution minimally invasive general surgeon experience 1999-2013.

Abstract Background Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is the standard of care for donor nephrectomies. No large series reports have been published detailing the LDN experience of minimally invasive general surgeons. Methods A retrospective review of 526 LDNs performed by MIS general surgeons at Baylor University Medical Center between 1999 and 2013. Complications were graded on the Clavien scale. The learning curve was determined by procedure time. Results The complication rate was 3.0%. Female donors had shorter operative time than males (141 vs 162 min). Warm ischemia time was shorter with female donors and left kidney procurement. There were six recipient graft losses within 30 days of the transplant. Operative time plateaued after 27 cases. Conclusion MIS general surgeons using a standardized technique can learn and perform a new, unfamiliar procedure with excellent results. Women are easier to perform organ harvest than men. Organ harvest from obese patients can be safely performed.
Overcoming Limitations Inherent in Sulfamidase to Improve Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA Gene Therapy

Sulfamidase (SGSH) deficiency causes mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA), a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) that affects the CNS. In earlier work in LSD mice and dog models, we exploited the utility of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to transduce brain ventricular lining cells (ependyma) for secretion of lysosomal hydrolases into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with subsequent distribution of enzyme throughout the brain resulting in improved cognition and extending lifespan. A critical feature of this approach is efficient secretion of the expressed enzyme from transduced cells, for delivery by CSF to nontransduced cells. Surprisingly, we found that SGSH was poorly secreted from cells, resulting in retention of the expressed product. Using site-directed mutagenesis of native SGSH, we identified an improved secretion variant that also displayed enhanced uptake properties that were mannose-6-phosphate receptor independent. In studies in MPS IIIA-deficient mice, ependymal transduction with AAVs expressing variant SGSH improved spatial learning and reduced memory deficits, substrate accumulation, and astrogliosis. Secondary lysosomal enzyme elevations in the CSF and brain parenchyma were also resolved. In contrast, ependymal transduction with AAVs expressing wild-type SGSH had significantly lower CSF SGSH levels and limited impacts on behavior. These results demonstrate the utility of a previously undescribed SGSH variant for improved MPS IIIA brain gene therapy.
Periodontal Disease and Osteoporosis-Shared Risk Factors and Potentiation of Pathogenic Mechanisms

Periodontitis and osteoporosis are diseases which exhibit bone loss, quantifiable in the oral cavity and skeleton respectively. Accumulating evidence suggests that the two diseases interact with each other resulting in increased prevalence and more rapid disease progression. This review will explore if recent publications can elucidate the mechanisms by which this occurs. Animal studies suggested that osteoporosis will accelerate the progression and severity of periodontitis. Most human studies have supported this association, mainly based upon radiographic measurements and to a lesser extent on clinical findings. They share several risk factors including age, genetics, hormonal changes, smoking, and calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Intriguingly, therapy aimed at one disease may have a positive impact upon the other disease. This review examined recent literature and found evidence of a bidirectional relationship which facilitates communication in subjects diagnosed with periodontitis and osteoporosis promoting disease severity.
Apatite stability under different oxygen fugacities relevant to planetary bodies

Apatite is widely distributed in terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments and may therefore crystallize in relatively oxidized environments found here on Earth, and in reduced settings such as the Moon. We present a series of oxygen fugacity-buffered apatite stability and apatite-fluid solubility experiments conducted at 1 atm and in a piston cylinder, respectively. The first style of experiments involved enclosing polished slabs of Durango apatite in evacuated silica tubes with a solid-state oxygen fugacity buffer, followed by heating to ~1100 °C for 65 or 90 h. At oxygen fugacities equal to and lower than the Fe-FeO equilibrium, crystals revealed alteration often in the form of convoluted features, which may to be related to the stability of the apatite component P2O5 under reducing conditions. Preferential evaporation of P2O5 from a haplobasalt heated to 1350 °C under reducing conditions – compared to similar experiments conducted under oxidizing conditions – also supports this interpretation. Fifteen solubility experiments were conducted in a piston cylinder device at 900 or 925 °C and 1 GPa, in either ~3.4 N NaCl or 2 N NaOH fluids. The oxygen fugacity was buffered at about 4 log units below the fayalite magnetite quartz equilibrium (FMQ-4) to 8 log units above this buffer (FMQ + 8). Apatite solubilities were determined by crystal weight loss. There is no systematic sensitivity to solubility vs. oxygen fugacity in H2O-NaOH fluid. In the H2O-NaCl fluid, apatite is less soluble by about a factor of 2 under the most oxidizing experimental conditions. This change in solubility is relatively subtle when compared to intensive variables explored in other studies, such as temperature, pressure, and XNaCl in the fluid. Overall, the apatite crystal structure is resilient across a range of different imposed oxygen fugacities, which contrasts with experimental results for another phosphate, monazite.
Continued fraction applications to zero location

Application des fractions continues au decompte et a la localisation des zeros, a l'etude des proprietes de stabilite des polynomes a coefficients reels ou complexes
Management of Moderate and Severe TBI

The management of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and developing practice in the acute neurosciences. The management of such, from the field phase of illness to the tertiary definitive medical and surgical management of TBI, is discussed. Clinical syndromes and radiographic examples of brain injury are presented, along with a current review of the literature in the early critical care phase of moderate and severe brain injury management. We discuss an algorithm for managing the challenging patient, and discuss areas of needed future research.
Cardiovascular Problems in the Elderly

Aging is associated with diffuse changes throughout the cardiovascular system that significantly impact the clinical features, management, and prognosis of older patients with cardiovascular disease. As a result of these changes, cardiovascular reserve capacity declines progressively with age, while the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases increase with age in both men and women. In addition, age-related changes predispose older individuals to specific cardiovascular disorders, including systolic hypertension, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, aortic stenosis, syncope, atrial fibrillation, and sinoatrial dysfunction. While the management of older patients with cardiovascular disease is generally similar to that in younger patients, prevalent comorbid conditions, quality of life considerations, and personal preferences become increasingly important for ensuring patient-centered care in older adults. This chapter provides an overview of clinically relevant effects of cardiovascular aging and discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of cardiovascular conditions commonly encountered in older adults.
Capsule Endoscopy in the Evaluation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The video capsule endoscope is an ingestible and disposable video camera that transmits high quality images of the small bowel mucosa. Capsule endoscopy (CE) has the potential to facilitate the evaluation of Crohn’s disease (CD), providing access to bowel segments previously inaccessible by push enteroscopy and ileocolonoscopy. CE appears to be complementary to cross-sectional imaging techniques such as CT and MR enterography, which provide information regarding transmural inflammation and extraluminal disease. In comparison to advanced endoscopic techniques, CE has demonstrated comparable yields to double-balloon enteroscopy in CD patients. CE also has the ability to document mucosal healing in response to treatment in established CD, and has proven instrumental in further categorizing patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease unspecified. As a non-invasive test, CE holds particular promise in the evaluation of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. A colonic pill endoscope is under investigation in the evaluation of ulcerative colitis. Although the risk of capsule retention remains a concern in patients with stricturing disease, CE is considered safe in the vast majority of patients.
180-nm 85%-Efficient Inductively Coupled Switched Resonant Half-Bridge Power Receiver

Receiver coils in embedded microsensors are small and their transmitters are unpredictably distant and misaligned, so available power is low and variable. The 180-nm, 6.78-MHz switched resonant half bridge here, however, only uses two transistors with a transfer rate and duration that are both adjustable. This way, the prototype outputs 13%–85% of the 9.7–1580 ${\mu }\text{W}$ that a 54.1-mm2 receiver coil avails when 13 to 38 mm from its source. This is up to 38% more power and with 25% smaller footprint than the best comparable receiver.
Single-crystal based studies for correlating the properties and high-voltage performance of Li[NixMnyCo1−x−y]O2 cathodes

Safe and stable cycling of lithium-ion battery cathodes at high voltages is essential for meeting next-generation energy storage demands, yet the lack of fundamental understanding of the correlation of a material's properties and reactivities largely hinders current progress. In the present study, we show how single-crystal samples with well-controlled physical characteristics can be used to unambiguously establish the relationships among specific properties, surface chemistry and electrochemical performance, enabling rational design of better performing cathode materials. Layered Li[NixMnyCo1−x−y]O2 (NMC) crystals, with four different particle shapes of an octahedron (Oct), truncated octahedron (T-Oct), polyhedron (Poly) and platelet (Plate), were prepared to vary the presence of (104), (001) and (012) family facets on the surface. This represents the first experimental verification of NMC morphologies that were theoretically calculated in the past. Systematic studies on the impact of isolated physical properties reveal the important roles of the Ni content, particle size and facet on surface stability and electrochemical performance. We show that compared to (012) surface dominated samples, high-voltage cycling stability was much improved on the (001) dominated Plate sample, suggesting that replacing the (012) surface with lower energy (001) and/or (104) surfaces can be effective in stabilizing NMCs during high energy applications. Our study further provides insights into how tailoring a material's surface properties can be used as an important route in balancing cathode capacity and stability.
Effect of Sb substitution on crystal structure, texture and hard magnetic properties of melt-spun MnBi alloys

Abstract Melt-spun Mn50Bi50-xSbx alloys with x ≤ 5 were prepared at different solidification rates and characterized both in the as-spun state and after annealing. In the as-spun alloys, the Sb substitution leads to the formation of a metastable phase, similar to the binary “quenched high-temperature phase” but without the superstructure of the latter and exhibiting a different – increasing – temperature dependence of coercivity. The new nanocrystalline metastable phase is not only itself characterized by a high room-temperature coercivity (in excess of 20 kOe), but upon annealing it transforms into a high-coercivity (up to 13.5 kOe) “low-temperature” α phase. However, the advantage of obtaining a high coercivity without the otherwise required milling made possible by the Sb substitution is undermined by the absence of a local crystallographic texture in the melt-spun alloys. The best combination of the isotropic hard magnetic properties realized for the Mn55Bi43.5Sb1.5 composition is a remanence of 35.5 emu/g and a coercivity of 8.1 kOe. The annealed Sb-free Mn50Bi50 alloys did possess a local crystallographic alignment and, for high solidification rates, a moderate coercivity up to 5.6 kOe; however, they had an inadequate “rectangularity” in the demagnetization curve. The orthorhombic compound known as MnBi0.9Sb0.1 and described earlier as antiferromagnetic was obtained in the annealed ribbons with x ≈ 5. The compound was found to order ferromagnetically between 200 K and ≈250 K and to exhibit a significant coercivity, 14.3 kOe at 50 K. It is suggested that the MnBi0.9Sb0.1 may actually be a Sb-stabilized “new phase” observed earlier as metastable in the Bi–MnBi eutectic alloys.
Just a Game: the Dangers of Quantifying Medical Student Professionalism.

A medical student on her internal medicine clerkship says her numerical medical professionalism grade was “just a game.” Building on this anecdote, we suggest there is good reason to believe that numerical summative assessments of medical student professionalism can, paradoxically, undermine medical student professionalism by sapping internal motivation and converting conversations about core professional values into just another hurdle to residency. We suggest better ways of supporting medical student professional development, including a portfolio comprised of written personal reflection and periodic 360° formative assessment in the context of longitudinal faculty coaching.
Levodopa Responsiveness Subtypes of Freezing of Gait: Results Using a Levodopa Challenge

Objective: To demonstrate that levodopa-unresponsive freezing of gait (ONOFF-FOG), which is a disabling untreatable feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), is distinct from responsive/OFF only FOG (OFF-FOG) and potentially has a distinct pathophysiology. Methods: Fifty-five PD patients completed levodopa challenges after >12 hours OFF with supratherapeutic doses to classify them as NOFOG, OFF-FOG or ONOFF-FOG. Serum levodopa levels ensured threshold levels were met. An "ON" response was defined as >20% improvement in MDS UPDRS III score. Main outcome measure was MDS UPDRS III based on clinical exam, timed-up-and-go tests and 360 degree turns. Results: 45 patients exhibited an "ON" response to the challenge. Levodopa-equivalent-dose was 142+/-56% of patients typical morning doses. Patients could be classified as: 19 ONOFF-FOG, 11 OFF-FOG, 15 NOFOG. The ONOFF-FOG group exhibited significantly higher NFOG-Q, MDS UPDRS II/III scores compared to the OFF-FOG group. MDS UPDRS III total varied significantly across medication response states (P<0.01) and groups (P=0.03). Among MDS UPDRS III subdomains, significant effects of group (highest in ONOFF-FOG group) were identified for measures of lower extremities and gait. Linear mixed models revealed a highly significant association between serum levodopa level and MDS-UPDRS-III score that did not vary across the groups. There was a highly significant group interaction effect on the association between serum levodopa level with MDS-UPDRS-III item 11 "Freezing of Gait" (P<0.001). Conclusions: ONOFF-FOG is a distinct subtype of FOG in PD, as opposed to OFF-FOG. This is an important step in demonstrating that FOG is not a single entity and, in turn, could lead to better understanding of pathophysiology and development of effective therapies.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Brackebuschite-Type Transition Metal Vanadates: Ba2M(VO4)2(OH), M: V3+, Mn3+, and Fe3+, with Interesting Jahn—Teller and Spin-Liquid Behavior.

Large single crystals of Ba2V(VO4)2(OH) (I) and Sr2V(VO4)2(OH) (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of BaO or SrO, V2O3, V2O5, and aqueous NaOH as a mineralizer solution (Ag ampules, autoclave, 1.2 kbar, 650 °C, 10 d).
Educational and Fun? Parent Versus Preschooler Perceptions and Co-Use of Digital and Print Media:

This study was designed to assess parental beliefs, motivations, and facilitative co-use of print and digital media with preschoolers and identify differences between parents’ and children’s percep...
Quantitation of hemoglobins within individual red cells: asynchronous biosynthesis of fetal and adult hemoglobin during erythroid maturation in normal subjects

We outline a method for estimating either HbF or HbA content in single erythrocytes and their precursors. Our method depends on microphotometric assay of darkfield reflectance arising from individual pericellular immunoprecipitates developed with anti-HbF or anti-HbA. When uniform-diameter latex microspheres were used to normalize comparisons between preparations, mean coefficient of variation for HbF reflectance among separate preparations of the same sample was
Development of a serum-based immunoassay for prostate cancer detection.

5290 Prostate cancer (PC) screening is currently based on evaluation of prostate specific antigen (PSA), however there is insufficient evidence to recommend that average-risk men undergo regular screening. PSA is more prostate specific than cancer specific, and elevated PSA can also be found in benign conditions of the prostate. Our aim is to develop improved non-invasive serum-based immunodiagnostic assays for PC detection and disease management. To this end, we have focused our efforts on: i) developing more sensitive and specific biomarkers for PC screening, and ii) developing biomarkers that allow discrimination between malignant and benign conditions of the prostate, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We have applied our proprietary technologies to discover and validate a panel of biomarkers using a multiplex screening platform known as Matrix Protein Array Technology (MPAT). The MPAT involves the screening of clinical samples with a large collection of 70,000 distinct polyclonal antibodies. Total proteome from normal, cancer, and benign serum samples was printed on a solid support, and reacted with individual antibodies. Antibody-sample reaction was detected by chemiluminescence, and computer analysis of a CCD-acquired image was applied to quantify each spot. Statistical analysis of the data points thus generated enabled the selection of a panel of biomarkers that are differentially expressed in early and advanced stage of PC versus normal controls, or in BPH versus PC samples and normal controls. Biomarkers were validated on a large number of samples, including 242 serum specimens comprising 73 T1/T2 (early stage PC), 69 T3/T4 (advanced stage PC), 50 BPH, and 50 normal controls, and sensitivity and specificity were determined from receiver operating curves (ROC) using statistical package GB-STAT (Dynamic microsystem). We found BPH specific biomarkers that were significantly elevated in BPH versus cancer and normal samples, and biomarkers that significantly discriminate cancer (early and late stage respectively) versus normal and benign. Sensitivity is ranging from 70-80% at 80% specificity. Biomarkers are being combined to optimize sensitivity. We are fully characterizing these biomarkers, and producing a large supply of monospecific antibodies to develop a serum-based immunodiagnostic assay for detection of BPH, early and advanced PC. These biomarkers may have application in early detection, and disease management of PC. A BPH specific diagnostic test would improve accurate PC detection, and reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Exploring the Role of Sexual Avoidance in Male Sexual Dysfunction

Theoretical models of male sexual dysfunction highlight the role of sexual avoidance as a maintaining factor. However, little empirical research has directly tested the role of sexual avoidance in samples of men with sexual problems. The goals of the current study were to A) assess the association between sexual avoidance, sexual function, and subjective sexual well-being, and B) explore possible predictors of sexual avoidance, including insecure attachment, activation of negative sexual schemas, and trait experiential avoidance. One hundred and fifty eight men with self-identified impairments in sexual function (low desire, erectile function, and/or premature/delayed ejaculation) completed validated self-report measures in a secure online survey. Sexual avoidance was uniquely predicted by most aspects of sexual function, and was correlated with poorer subjective sexual well-being. Higher levels of attachment avoidance and activation of negative schemas uniquely predicted more frequent sexual avoidance. Alternatively, interaction models suggested that impaired erectile function was less likely to be associated with sexual avoidance for those with high levels of attachment anxiety and for those with high levels of trait experiential avoidance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Synthesis of hydroxyethyl tetrathiatriarylmethyl radicals OX063 and OX071

We report the synthesis of hydroxyethyl tetrathiatriarylmethyl radical OX063 and its deuterated analogue OX071 for biomedical EPR applications.
Self-aligned, laser-cut organic electrochemical transistors

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are switches and sensor devices that take advantage of bulk transport of ionic/electronic species in the active channel material, resulting in high amplification and robust electrical characteristics. Traditional techniques used to pattern OECT channels often call for multiple photolithography steps, unwanted parasitic capacitance and waste of active material. In this work we introduce a new method for OECT patterning which makes use of a hydrophobic insulation layer combined with a laser cutting method that provides self-alignment of source/drain contacts, insulation and channel, and allows for the active material to be "dragged and dropped" into laser cut OECT channels. We show that this method preserves the high performance of OECTs with good reproducibility across an array. In addition, we show that this method is compatible with flexible arrays which are sought in a number of biological applications. We show that different types of OECTs can be created on the flexible array, including free-standing and through-hole OECT channels, which may be advantageous in different biosensing settings ranging from neural signal acquisition to regenerative applications. This approach takes advantage of the bulk transport inherent in OECTs to introduce a new fabrication method that opens new avenues for patterning bioelectronic sensors that may be otherwise limited with traditional patterning approaches.
Adsorbent-SERS Technique for Determination of Plant VOCs from Live Cotton Plants and Dried Teas

We developed a novel substrate for the collection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from either living or dried plant material to be analyzed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We demonstrated that this substrate can be utilized to differentiate emissions from blends of three teas, and to differentiate emissions from healthy cotton plants versus caterpillar-infested cotton plants. The substrate we developed can adsorb VOCs in static headspace sampling environments, and VOCs naturally evaporated from three standards were successfully identified by our SERS substrate, showing its ability to differentiate three VOCs and to detect quantitative differences according to collection times. In addition, volatile profiles from plant materials that were either qualitatively different among three teas or quantitatively different in abundance between healthy and infested cotton plants were confirmed by collections on Super-Q resin for dynamic headspace and solid-phase microextraction for static ...
Effects of Forward Error Correction on Communications Aware Evasion Attacks

Recent work has shown the impact of adversarial machine learning on deep neural networks (DNNs) developed for Radio Frequency Machine Learning (RFML) applications. While these attacks have been shown to be successful in disrupting the performance of an eavesdropper, they fail to fully support the primary goal of successful intended communication. To remedy this, a communications-aware attack framework was recently developed that allows for a more effective balance between the opposing goals of evasion and intended communication through the novel use of a DNN to intelligently create the adversarial communication signal. Given the near ubiquitous usage of for-ward error correction (FEC) coding in the majority of deployed systems to correct errors that arise, incorporating FEC in this framework is a natural extension of this prior work and will allow for improved performance in more adverse environments. This work therefore provides contributions to the framework through improved loss functions and design considerations to incorporate inherent knowledge of the usage of FEC codes within the transmitted signal. Performance analysis shows that FEC coding improves the communications aware adversarial attack even if no explicit knowledge of the coding scheme is assumed and allows for improved performance over the prior art in balancing the opposing goals of evasion and intended communications.
Democracy’s Crown: Singular bowler hats, iterable individuals in Ramón Gómez de la Serna’s El caballero del hongo gris (1928)

In this analysis of Ramon Gomez de la Serna’s avant-garde novel El caballero del hongo gris (1928), I examine the narrative centrality of the main character’s use of a bowler hat, which, after its ...
Designing electrode profiles with the equipotential method

Abstract A good electrode design not only produces the goal electric fields, but also eliminates harmful high-field spots that can cause electrical breakdown. In this paper, we present the equipotential method to generate electrode profiles. It is a physical method. The desired field is constructed first by a set of virtual electrodes, and then the equipotential contours naturally become the electrode profiles. We will demonstrate the simple procedures to design uniform field electrodes and recessed electrodes to accommodate dielectric structures. It shows versatility and flexibility in designing electrodes of low symmetry or irregular shapes as well as in complex boundary conditions.
Unintended Consequences: The Posse Comitatus Act in the Modern Era

America was born in revolution. Outraged at numerous abuses by the British crown — to include the conduct of British soldiers in the colonists’ daily lives — Americans declared their independence, creating a new republic with deep suspicions of a standing army. These suspicions were intensely debated at the time of the nation’s formation and enshrined in the Constitution. But congressional limitations on the role of the military in day-to-day affairs would have to wait. This did not occur until after the Civil War when Southern congressmen successfully co-opted the framers’ earlier concerns of a standing army and passed a criminal statute — the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act (PCA) — that restricted the ability of the army to be used as a “posse comitatus” to “execute the laws.” Today, the PCA’s history and scope are often misunderstood with continual unintended consequences for today’s modern military that are far removed from the law’s earlier constitutional and statutory origins. This Article addresses a significant unintended consequence in the modern era: the PCA’s peculiar modern application to the Navy. The text of the PCA is silent on the Navy, yet the Department of Defense (DoD) has determined that the PCA applies to the Navy worldwide. The early civil libertarian concerns that originated with the birth of the republic and at the time of the PCA’s passage are based on concerns over a standing army. These are fundamentally distinguishable from the navy, the maritime-based armed force that largely operates on the high seas, far away from America’s geographic borders and removed from its citizenry. And the Navy’s modern mission includes the maintenance of freedom of the seas to include the suppression of piracy. But the DoD’s application of the PCA to the Navy limits its ability to participate in the full array of maritime missions — of continual concern with the rise of maritime terrorism that continually blurs the line between law enforcement and military activities. Building on the Navy example, this Article concludes by offering recommendations to remedy this historical incongruity while touching upon other areas — such as the rise of the National Security Agency and the complex modern military organization — where the PCA and associated civil-military relationship need further re-examination.