cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using resident input to identify and integrate essential components of a foot and ankle rotation.

Background Foot and ankle surgery is one of the orthopaedic subspecialties to which residents not uncommonly receive limited exposure. Therefore, it is important to identify what both faculty and residents regard as fundamental to a foot and ankle rotation. The purposes of this study were to identify the essential components of a foot and ankle rotation and to correlate these with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Society (AOFAS) core curriculum, and to discuss how to integrate resident input and AOFAS guidelines into a valued foot and ankle rotation. Methods Over a 5-year period, each orthopaedic resident beginning a 10-week postgraduate year (PGY) 3 foot and ankle rotation was asked to choose topics to be covered during weekly 45-minute discussion conferences. Each resident also identified personal goals for the rotation. Data were collected in this prospective nature, and the responses of the 24 PGY 3 residents from our program who completed the rotation between February, 2000, and April, 2005, were analyzed. The discussion conference topics were compared to the AOFAS guidelines, and the top 10 personal goals were determined. Prerotation and postrotation Orthopaedic Inservice Training Examination (OITE) foot and ankle scores for the residents also were analyzed. Results Among the nine AOFAS core curriculum categories, residents most frequently chose chronic soft-tissue foot and ankle problems, followed in frequency by foot and ankle arthritis, foot and ankle trauma, and diabetic foot. Individually, posterior tibial tendon insufficiency, hallux valgus, diabetic foot, and calcaneal fracture were the most frequently chosen discussion conference topics. In regards to personal goals for the rotation, residents most commonly wanted to improve their physical examination skills (88%) and increase their orthotic knowledge (71%). The OITE scores improved by a mean of 12% after the rotation. Conclusions This study provides new and detailed information about resident expectations for a valued foot and ankle rotation. These results should be integrated with existing AOFAS guidelines to further refine the essential components of a core foot and ankle curriculum.
A History of Islamic Law in Nigeria

This chapter addresses the history of Islam, how Islamic law was introduced into Nigeria and how the Sokoto Caliphate (1808–1903) became the champion of the establishment of Islamic law in Northern Nigeria in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The northerners have never ceased applying Islamic law to their citizens and thus they are totally familiar with this Islamic legal system.
Food brand recognition and BMI in preschoolers

Children's food brand recognition predicts health-related outcomes such as preference for obesogenic foods and increased risk for overweight. However, it is uncertain to what degree food brand recognition acts as a proxy for other factors such as parental education and income, child vocabulary, child age, child race/ethnicity, parent healthy eating guidance, child commercial TV viewing, and child dietary intake, all of which may influence or be influenced by food brand recognition. U.S. preschoolers (N = 247, average age 56 months) were measured for BMI and completed the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test plus recognition and recall measures for a selection of U.S. food brands. Parents completed measures of healthy eating guidance, child dietary intake, child commercial TV viewing, parent education, household income, parent BMI, and child age and race/ethnicity. Controlling these variables, child food brand recognition predicted higher child BMI percentile. Further, qualitative examination of children's incorrect answers to recall items demonstrated perceptual confusion between brand mascots and other fantasy characters to which children are exposed during the preschool years, extending theory on child consumer development.
Penetration Kinetics of 2′,3′-Dideoxyinosine in Dermis Is Described by the Distributed Model

The present study evaluated the kinetics of drug penetration in the dermis. A rat was given a dermal dose of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI). At 6 hr, the skin tissue was excised, immediately frozen and sectioned, and the decline of drug concentration as a function of tissue depth was determined. The tissue concentration-depth profile showed a semilogarithmic decline, as would be expected in a distributed tissue kinetic model which incorporates diffusion and capillary membrane transport. The goodness of fit of the profiles by the simple diffusion and the distributed models were compared using four statistical criteria, i.e., coefficient of determination. Akaike Information criterion, Schwartz criterion and Imbimbo criterion. These analyses showed that the decline of tissue concentration versus tissue depth in the dermis was better described by the distributed model than by the diffusion model in all 7 animals. To examine the effect of blood perfusion on the tissue concentration-depth profiles, some of the tissues were frozen after 1 and 2 hr storage at room temperature. In contrast to the adjacent tissues frozen immediately, the concentration-depth profiles in tissues frozen after a 1-2 hr delay were described equally well by distributed and diffusion models. A comparison of the concentration-depth profiles in the tissues processed immediately or after a delay showed a 7 fold more shallow slope and a 60% lower concentration at the epidermis-dermis interface after storage. However, storage did not alter the total amount of drug in the entire dermis. Drug degradation during storage was further ruled out by the insignificant ddI degradation in 10% skin homogenate (a half-life of approximately 70 hr).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved detection of icebergs in sea ice with RADARSAT-2 polarimetric data

Information on icebergs and ice islands is important for climate science and for various marine operations in Arctic and Antarctic. This work investigates capabilities of RADARSAT-2 polarimetric data for detection of icebergs in sea ice. Several iceberg detectors were analyzed with the full polarimetric data acquired in Fine Quad and Fine Quad Wide modes. The results of iceberg detection were validated with the information extracted from very high and medium resolution electro-optical satellite data including stereo datasets. It was demonstrated that the accuracy of iceberg detection depends on polarimetric bands, parameters of detection algorithm and sea ice types. The novelty of the work also includes a demonstration of detection characteristics including false alarm rates. Improvement of detection results for icebergs in pack ice was achieved using Pauli decomposition components, span and advancing detection algorithm.
High mobility C60 organic field-effect transistors

Organic field-effect transistors incorporating the electron transport material C60 as the active semiconductor have been fabricated under high vacuum conditions and tested in a nitrogen atmosphere at ambient pressure. The maximum field-effect mobility was found to be 0.65 cm2/Vs, comparable to the state-of-the-art value measured under ultra-high-vacuum conditions
Importance of corners in fracture of highly crosslinked polymeric adhesives

Very large molecular dynamics simulations with open ends between two solid adherends have been performed treating tensile deformation of coarse-grained, highly crosslinked polymer networks modeling epoxy systems. The open boundary and the presence of corners dramatically alter the fracture behavior. In contrast to systems with periodic boundaries, the failure strain decreases with increasing system size until a critical size is reached. This decrease greatly reduces the difference in the crack initiation strains between simulation and experiment. In the open geometry, the sides of the polymer network contract inward forming wedge shaped corners. The stress and strain are concentrated in the corners where the shear component is present and large. The nonuniformity of the strain results in accumulation of bond breaking in the corners and crack initiation there. Moreover, the corner strain is system size dependent, which results in a system size dependence of the failure strain.
Effects of Charcoal on Carbonyl Delivery from Commercial, Research, and Make-Your-Own Cigarettes

Previous literature has shown that adding charcoal to cigarette filters can have varying effects on the delivery of toxic carbonyls depending on filter design, amount of charcoal, and puffing profiles. However, these studies have relied on either comparisons between commercially available charcoal and noncharcoal filtered cigarettes or experimental modification of filters to insert a charcoal plug into existing cellulose acetate filters. Make-your-own (MYO) cigarettes can help obviate many of the potential pitfalls of previous studies; thus, we conducted studies using commercial charcoal cigarettes and MYO cigarettes to determine the effects of charcoal on carbonyl delivery. To do this, we analyzed carbonyls in mainstream smoke by HPLC-UV after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Charcoal was added in-line after the cigarettes or through the use of MYO charcoal cigarette tubes. MYO cigarettes had carbonyl deliveries similar to that of 3R4F research cigarette, regardless of tobacco type....
UNIT A12.1 Aortic Dissection

This unit presents a Basic Protocol for imaging of thoracic aoprta to rule out aortic dissection. The core components of the imaging protocol are ECG (electrocardiograph)-gated black blood HASTE (half Fourier single shot turbo spin echo), and contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA). When no abnormal findings are seen in black blood HASTE or cine sequences, it is somewhat controversial whether contrast-enhanced MRA is necessary. An Alternate Protocol based on a time of flight (TOF) sequence is presented which can be used instead of contrast-enhanced MRA.
Influence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Preoperative Hemoglobin A1c Levels on Outcomes of Liver Transplantation

Liver transplant centers often establish hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) criteria for candidates with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on data from other surgical specialties showing worse outcomes in patients with poor glycemic control. However, because of the reduced reliability of HbA1C in cirrhosis, it is unclear whether pretransplant HbA1C values are predictive of postoperative complications in liver recipients. We retrospectively examined the association between preoperative HbA1C and postoperative outcomes in 173 consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center between August 2012 and March 2015. Demographic correlates of pretransplant HbA1C included age, T2DM, native Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as the indication for transplantation. No association was identified between pretransplant HbA1C and most outcome measures, including survival, length of stay, reoperation or readmission rates, rejection, bacteremia, and viremia. Significant correlates of HbA1C in liver recipients with diabetes were posttransplant insulin requirement and anastomotic biliary stricture formation. On multivariate analysis, HbA1C was the sole determinant of biliary strictures, with patients in the highest quartile (HbA1C >7.3%) exhibiting a 4-fold increased risk. Correlation of HbA1C with morning blood glucose levels was much tighter after versus before transplantation. Conclusion: Preoperative HbA1C is predictive of anastomotic biliary stricture formation and the need for insulin following liver transplantation.
An Evaluation of the Influence of Coronary Flow on Transcatheter Heart Valve Neo-Sinus Flow Stasis.

Transcatheter heart valve (THV) leaflet thrombosis in the neo-sinus and associated reduced leaflet motion is of clinical concern due to risks of embolism and worsened valve hemodynamics. Flow stasis in the neo-sinus (the space between the native and THV leaflets) is a known risk factor, but the role of proximal coronary flow is yet to be investigated. We tested two replicas of FDA approved commercial THVs—intra-annular and supra-annular (similar to the SAPIEN 3 and CoreValve families)—in a left heart simulator with coronary flow. Velocity fields in the left coronary cusp (LCC) and non (NCC) neo-sinus were quantified using high speed particle image velocimetry and particle residence times (PRT) were computed to evaluate flow stasis in the region. The supra-annular THV LCC neo-sinus had shorter PRT than its NCC neo-sinus (0.66 ± 0.00 vs. 0.76 ± 0.04, p = 0.038), while the intra-annular THV LCC neo-sinus had similar PRT to its NCC neo-sinus (1.93 ± 0.05 vs. 1.92 ± 0.03 cycles, p = 0.889). The supra-annular valve LCC and NCC neo-sinuses had shorter PRT than their intra-annular valve counterparts (p < 0.001). These results showed that coronary flow reduces flow stasis in the supra-annular THV neo-sinus and, ostensibly, thrombosis risk in the region. This effect was not significant in the intra-annular valve.
Edrioasteroids on corals: Taphonomic feedback and sedimentary processes control the ecology of a Late Ordovician (Katian: Cincinnatian, Richmondian) community in central Kentucky, USA

Abstract Communities of organisms that encrusted hardgrounds and skeletal material developed and became widespread during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, and this community structure was a well-established part of the marine ecosystem by the Late Ordovician. Here we describe and investigate an example of skeletal encrustation from the Bardstown Member of the Drakes Formation (Upper Ordovician, Katian, Richmondian) near Mount Washington, Kentucky. This occurrence exhibits three dense coral beds near its base which primarily contain the problematic colonial organism Tetradium, the colonial rugose coral Cyathophylloides, and the solitary rugose corals Grewingkia and Streptelasma, as well as several species of stromatoporoids, bryozoans, brachiopods, cephalopods, and trilobites. In one locality, the corals in the uppermost bed are fragmented, reoriented, and encrusted, demonstrating reworking and taphonomic feedback of the skeletons. Tetradium skeletons created hard-substrate clasts that were exploited by a community of sclerobionts including stromatoporoids, bryozoans, and edrioasteroid echinoderms. The skeletons of Cyathophylloides, abundant in the underlying coral beds, are in life orientation and host a lower diversity of encrusters. Corals at other exposures of the Bardstown Member are not significantly reworked and do not host encrusters, suggesting localization of submarine erosion. Here, we describe the stratigraphy, paleoecology, and comparative taphonomy of the Bardstown coral beds at two localities to assess: 1) the burial and taphonomic feedback of the coral skeletons; 2) the community structure and evolution, attachment strategies, and substrate preferences of the encrusting community; and 3) the spatial patterns of submarine erosion and disturbance at the Bardstown coral bed horizons.
A Variation-Tolerant DIMA via On-Chip Training

Though DIMA significantly reduces the decision EDP of machine learning kernels, it is not clear what the limits of this reduction are. In fact, DIMA’s analog nature makes it sensitive to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations especially when the BL swing is reduced in order to enhance DIMA’s energy efficiency. This chapter describes the use of an on-chip trainer to reduce the BL swing without compromising DIMA’s inference accuracy. A robust deep in-memory SVM classifier prototype in a 65 nm CMOS that uses a standard 16 kB 6T SRAM is presented. This IC employs an on-chip stochastic gradient descent (SGD)-based trainer that adapts not only to chip-specific variations in PVT but also to data statistics in order to further enhance DIMA’s energy efficiency.
Reconstruction after endoscopic surgery for skull base malignancies

The ability to resect malignancies of the ventral skull base using endoscopic endonasal approaches has created a need for effective endoscopic reconstructive techniques. The purpose of this review is to summarize current techniques for reconstruction of large skull base defects during endoscopic endonasal surgery. Recent medical literature was reviewed to identify techniques and best practices for repair of skull base defects during endoscopic endonasal surgery. Preference was given to evidence-based recommendations. Superior results are observed with multilayer inlay/onlay grafts supplemented with vascularized flaps. The nasoseptal flap is the primary reconstructive flap for most defects; secondary choices include the lateral nasal wall flap and extracranial pericranial flap. Clival defects are particularly challenging and are further augmented with adipose tissue to prevent pontine herniation. Perioperative management including the use of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage minimizes the risk of a postoperative leak in high-risk patients. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks are managed similarly to primary leaks and may require use of a secondary vascularized flap. Complications of reconstructive flaps include flap necrosis and cosmetic nasal deformity. Large defects of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae can be managed similarly by adhering to basic principles of reconstruction. Future developments will improve stratification of patients into reconstructive groups and allow tailored reconstructive algorithms. New biomaterials may replace autologous tissue and facilitate endoscopic repair. Improved monitoring will allow for assessment of the reconstructive site with early detection and repair of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks.
Asthma-COPD overlap in World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees, 2015-2016.

Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) is a newly redefined form of chronic airway disease and has not been well studied among 9/11-exposed populations with increased pre...
Bioinformatic and computational analysis reveals the prevalence and nature of PY motif-mediated protein-protein interactions in the Nedd4 family of ubiquitin ligases

The Nedd4 family contains several structurally related but functionally distinct HECT-type ubiquitin ligases. The members of the Nedd4 family are known to recognize substrates through their multiple WW domains, which recognize PY motifs (PPxY, LPxY) or phospho-threonine or phospho-serine residues. To better understand substrate specificity across the Nedd4 family, we report the development and implementation of a python-based tool, PxYFinder, to identify PY motifs in the primary sequences of previously identified interactors of Nedd4 and related ligases. Using PxYFinder, we find that, on average, half of Nedd4 family interactions are PY-motif mediated. Further, we find that PPxY motifs are more prevalent than LPxY motifs and are more likely to occur in proline-rich regions. Further, PPxY regions are more disordered on average relative to LPxY-containing regions. Informed by consensus sequences for PY motifs across the Nedd4 interactome, we rationally designed a peptide library and employed a computational screen, revealing sequence- and biomolecular interaction-dependent determinants of WW-domain/PY-motif interactions. Cumulatively, our efforts provide a new bioinformatic tool and expand our understanding of sequence and structural factors that contribute to PY-motif mediated substrate recognition across the Nedd4 family.
Demonstration of Diffraction-free Incoherent Space-time Fields Propagating 110 Meters

We investigate the properties of an incoherent spatio-temporally structured field including its propagation-invariant nature and the effect of the aperture for extended propagation distances.
Recoil Behavior of the Cu 65 ( p , p n ) Cu 64 Reaction

The recoil behavior of the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}(p, pn){\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$ reaction has been measured at bombarding energies from 100 Mev to 400 Mev by performing radiochemical integral recoil experiments. The fraction of the total ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$ produced, found in the forward, backward, and right angle directions, shows definite structure with increasing bombarding energy. The data can be qualitatively interpreted by assuming the two-step cascade-evaporation mechanism to be relatively more important at low incident energies and a knock-on mechanism to be relatively more important at the higher incident energies. By means of a postulated velocity vector diagram, the average recoil range as a function of incident energy was calculated, and this calculated range was then converted to ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$ kinetic energy by an experimentally determined range-energy relationship. The ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$ was found to have an average kinetic energy of 380 kev at 105 Mev incident energy, to decrease to 105 kev at about 200 Mev, and then to increase to 195 kev at 400 Mev. This behavior is interpreted in terms of the cascade-evaporation mechanism and the knock-on mechanism.
Does Gender Matter in Academic Surgery? Author and Mentor Gender Impact Publication Citations in Surgical Research.

Abstract Objective To examine female author representation within publications in the field of urology from the United States from 2000-2019. Methods All 25,787 articles with a U.S. correspondence address published in the two largest U.S. headquartered general urology journals, Urology and Journal of Urology, were analyzed from 2000-2019. Gender was assigned to each first and last author based on the author's first name. First names were matched to a database of U.S. Social Security Administration data to determine gender. Results Overall female authorship, female senior authorship, and female first authorship exhibited a significant upward trend from 2000 to 2019 (P Conclusion Despite the significant progress in female representation within urological publications, female-authored publications continue to constitute a smaller proportion of the urological literature and are less likely to be cited. Our study provides the first evidence on the current status of female underrepresentation within academic urology and literature productivity at this watershed moment. As the number of female urologists evolves, these findings will be of significant impact in the advancement of female investigators in urology.
Radiation Status of Sub-65 NM Electronics

Ultra-scaled complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) includes commercial foundry capabilities at and below the 65 nm technology node Radiation evaluations take place using standard products and test characterization vehicles (memories, logic/latch chains, etc.) NEPP focus is two-fold: (1) Conduct early radiation evaluations to ascertain viability for future NASA missions (i.e. leverage commercial technology development). (2) Uncover gaps in current testing methodologies and mechanism comprehension -- early risk mitigation.
The Mesoamerican Connection in the Southwest

ABSTRACTThe theory that Mesoamerican pochteca intruded into the Southwest between A.D. 1000 and 1400 and that these pochteca exercised political and economic control of the region during this period is critically considered. Close examination of the data and arguments advanced to support this theory reveal that it cannot be accepted. An alternate interpretation of Mesoamerican-Southwestern interaction is presented. This alternate view is not based on a simple concept of domination of one area by another but on consideration of shifting trade relations through time.
Ethical Considerations in Psychotherapeutic Systems

In the process of individual psychotherapy, the client and the therapist work together towards clarifying the client's problems, unlocking vicious circles, opening new perspectives and creating a new narrative congruent with the client's experiencing. The real and undeniable situation in individual psychotherapy across different therapeutic systems is that therapists enter the therapeutic encounter equipped with their own vision of humanity and their own particular theory and methods of psychotherapy. Through the differences in power between therapists and clients and the powerful role of language, clients in their dependent position are apt to assimilate the percepts and the ideas of their therapists. Consequently therapists tend to exert a dominant and influential force in their client's lives. This raises a main ethical concern: to what extent do therapists from different therapeutic systems really help clients to recover their freedom to live their lives congruent to their own authentic perceptions and experiences?
The Challenge of Writing Remediation: Can Composition Research Inform Higher Education Policy?.

Background/ContextThis article presents a review of research relevant to postsecondary writing remediation. The purpose of the review is to assess empirical support for policy aimed at improving th...
Federal Environmental Citizen Provisions: Obstacles and Incentives on the Road to Environmental Justices

This article attempts to examine the special problems that community-based groups in low income and minority communities might encounter in prosecuting citizen suits under highly technical environmental statutes. To set the context for this inquiry, part II of this article describes the environmental justice movement and investigates the charge that communities of color are disproportionately and unjustly burdened with environmental hazards. Part II also explores the differences in perspective that underlie much of the conflict among environmental justice activists, mainstream environmental organizations, and EPA. Part II concludes with a look at social forces that have contributed to environmental inequities and that might influence environmental enforcement efforts. Part III examines the current scheme of private enforcement of selected, major federal environmental laws through citizen lawsuitprovisions. Existing citizen suit provisions contain limitations that create incentives for private citizens to prosecute certain types of actions and disincentives to prosecute other actions. Part III addresses the possibility that these incentives and disincentives result in an unequal playing field for enforcement by low income communities and communities of color, which in turn exacerbates the disparity in environmental protection of these communities. Common types of environmental citizen suits are examined to determine whether they have the potential to address environmental problems prevalent in low income and minority communities, and, if so, whether community-based groups might be at a disadvantage in prosecuting such lawsuits because of underfunding. In conclusion, part IV suggests amendments to environmental laws that might more directly address disparity in environmental protection. It also suggests alternative interpretations of federal citizen suit provisions that might facilitate the use of private enforcement to promote environmental justice.
Sources of fibrinogen for coagulum pyelolithotomy, without thrombin. A comparative study.

Abstract Coagulum pyelolithotomy without the use of thrombin is simplified by using single donor plasma, fresh frozen plasma, and “maxi-cryoprecipitate” (expanded cryoprecipitate) as sources of fibrinogen. The physical properties, including generation time, breaking point, and tensile strength were compared for different coagula. An illustrative case is presented for each fibrinogen source. The tensile strength of fresh frozen plasma coagulum was 15 per cent (17 Gm/cm2) and of maxi-cryoprecipitate 29 to 33 per cent (31–46 Gm/cm2) that of cryoprecipitate, but both were strong enough for clinical use. The preferred source of fibrinogen is cryoprecipitate followed by maxi-cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma in that order. Twenty parts of fibrinogen to one part of 10 per cent calcium chloride provided the shortest generation time and the greatest tensile strength in each of the experiments, and is used exclusively by the authors at present. Single donor plasma is not recommended as a source of fibrinogen for coagulum generation clinically.
Diffusion of Academic R&D Capabilities as an Industrial Innovation Policy? — The Development of Israel's IT Industry

In the last decade, three countries have figured prominently as cases of late-late developing countries that achieved worldwide success with their Information Technology (IT) industries: India, Ireland, and Israel. This paper focuses on the Israeli case and argues that unlike India and Ireland, Israel's competitive advantage in the IT industries, is in Research and Development (RD (b) however, these policies, focused on diffusion and not on creation of capabilities, were successful only because of the existence of an already sophisticated and extensive R&D capability in the universities - markedly different from other NICs. Looking at the present the paper concludes that the same operational model that led Israel's IT industry to success might now be undermining its future growth.
Universal Hepatitis B Immunization of Infants: Reactions of Pediatricians and Family Physicians Over Time

Objective In November 1991 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice (ACIP) recommended universal hepatitis B immunization of infants. In February 1992 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and in August 1992 the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) issued similar recommendations. The purpose of this study was to assess over time the effectiveness and impact of the dissemination efforts of the ACIP, AAP, and AAFP regarding this new recommendation and to determine the factors affecting its adoption. Design Cohort survey over time. Setting North Carolina. Participants All 778 pediatricians and a random sample of 300 family physicians in North Carolina were surveyed by mail 3 months after publication of the ACIP recommendation (January/February 1992), but before the AAP and AAFP recommendations. Response rate was 78%. Of these, 83% responded to a follow-up survey 8 months later (October 1992). Main outcome measures Rates of agreement and adoption of the recommendation for universal infant immunization with hepatitis B vaccine; factors affecting agreement and adoption of the recommendation. Results In the first survey (3 months after the ACIP recommendation) more pediatricians than family physicians were aware of the new recommendation (82% vs 48%), yet only 37% of pediatricians and 23% of family physicians agreed that immunization of all newborns in their practice was warranted. Eight months later, after the AAP and AAFP recommendation, 66% of pediatricians and 32% of family physicians agreed universal immunization was warranted, but still only 53% of pediatricians and 23% of family physicians had adopted it into practice. Factors associated with these low rates of adoption include physician and practice characteristics, cost, perceived need for the vaccine, and aversion to multiple injections. Conclusions Federal, AAP, and AAFP efforts have not been effective thus far in fostering widespread agreement and adoption of this recommendation. If this and future vaccine programs are to succeed, research is needed to determine influences on implementation of new recommendations and to address the economic and noneconomic concerns of physicians and parents.
Review of quetiapine side effects.

The newest atypical antipsychotic medication to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, quetiapine is a drug that awaits a wide range of clinical and head-to-head comparisons. Nevertheless, clinical trials currently available suggest that quetiapine has a beneficial side effect profile, particularly with regard,to extrapyramidal symptoms. To date, quetiapine has also proved effective in the treatment of schizophrenia, but its efficacy, while clearly superior to that of placebo, seems no greater than that of haloperidol or chlorpromazine. Clinical trials have supported the use of quetiapine in treating elderly patients. Further research is necessary to establish the clinical profile of quetiapine.
Media perceptions of Tommy John surgery

Abstract Objectives. The prevalence of medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is increasing in professional athletes and the delivery of baseball news by the media exerts a powerful influence on public opinion of the injury and surgery. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the media’s perception regarding the causes of UCL injury as well as the indications, risks, benefits, and rehabilitation related to UCL reconstruction. Study design. Cross-sectional survey study, Level 3. Methods. This study utilized an online thirty-question survey designed to assess an individual’s perception of UCL reconstruction with regard to risk factors for injury, indications, benefits, surgical details, and rehabilitation. Eligible study participants were members of the media including print, internet, radio and/or television directly involved in the coverage of Major League Baseball (MLB). Results. A total of 516 members of the media with a mean age of 43.6 years completed the survey. In nearly half...
Glare following posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

Abstract We performed glare tests on patients following uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and on noncataractous phaldc patients. Three types of lenses were implanted to compare the effect of optic asphericity and ultraviolet filtration on glare. Glare testing was performed using the Miller-Nadler GlareTester and Baylor Visual Function Tester. The glare scores of the pseudophaldc and phakic patients were statistically similar. In the pseudophaldc patients, factors associated with decreased glare performance were posterior capsular opacification and increased pupil size; the intraocular lens type did not significantly affect glare scores.
Right heart failure: an ischemic model and restraint therapy for treatment.

Background Right heart failure is poorly understood and treated. In left heart failure, ventricular restraint can reverse pathologic left ventricular remodeling. The effect of restraint in right heart failure, however, is not known. We hypothesize that ventricular restraint can be applied selectively to the right ventricle (RV) to promote RV reverse remodeling. Methods Right heart failure was induced by right coronary artery ligation in a sheep model. Eight weeks later, a saline-filled epicardial balloon was placed around the RV surface for restraint. Restraint level was defined by measuring balloon luminal pressure at end-diastole. Maximum balloon pressure was determined by the amount of balloon pressure required to decrease systemic mean arterial pressure by 10 mm Hg. We determined end-diastolic transmural myocardial pressure, indices of myocardial oxygen consumption, and RV diastolic compliance at 4 different restraint levels. Results After coronary ligation, RV ejection fraction (EF) decreased from 0.574 ± 0.04 to 0.362 ± 0.03 ( p 2 ± 9 to 82.2 mL/m 2 ± 7 ( p Conclusions A model of ischemic right heart failure was successfully created. Selective RV restraint results in improved mechanical efficiency, decreased wall stress, and improved EF. The benefits of restraint in right heart failure warrant further investigation.
Dystrobrevin increases dystrophin's binding to the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and provides protection during cardiac stress

Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a fatal progressive disease of both cardiac and skeletal muscle resulting from the mutations in the DMD gene and loss of the protein dystrophin. Alpha-dystrobrevin (α-DB) tightly associates with dystrophin but the significance of this interaction within cardiac myocytes is poorly understood. In the current study, the functional role of α-DB in cardiomyocytes and its implications for dystrophin function are examined. Cardiac stress testing demonstrated significant heart disease in α-DB null (adbn −/− ) mice, which displayed mortality and lesion sizes that were equivalent to those seen in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Despite normal expression and subcellular localization of dystrophin in the adbn −/− heart, there is a significant decrease in the strength of dystrophin's interaction with the membrane-bound dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC). A similar weakening of the dystrophin-membrane interface was observed in mice lacking the sarcoglycan complex. Cardiomyocytes from adbn −/− mice were smaller and responded less to adrenergic receptor induced hypertrophy. The basal decrease in size could not be attributed to aberrant Akt activation. In addition, the organization of the microtubule network was significantly altered in adbn −/− cardiac myocytes, while the total expression of tubulin was unchanged in adbn −/− hearts. These studies demonstrate that α-DB is a multifunctional protein that increases dystrophin's binding to the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex, and is critical for the full functionality of dystrophin.
SICYONIA MARTINI, A NEW ROCK SHRIMP (DECAPODA: PENAEOIDEA) FROM THE AMERICAN PACIFIC

ABSTRACT Description and illustrations are presented for Sicyonia martini, a new species ranging from SW of Isla Santa Margarita, Baja California Sur, and the Gulf of California southward to SW of Punta Ana Maria, Golfo de Panama. It occurs in depths between 9 and 242 m. Its closest relatives are S. affinis and S. aliaffinis, inhabitants of the American Pacific. Sicyonia martini differs from them in possessing a longer rostrum, which in the males is less elevated and bears 3 instead of 2 teeth; although in the females the rostrum bears 2 teeth, it is usually markedly convex ventrally along the midlength. In both sexes a prominent lateral angular ridge is borne on the terga of the second and third abdominal somites, and the apical part of the tooth on the first abdominal somite is hooklike instead of straight or slightly curved. Furthermore, in males the dorsolateral lobule of the petasma is bifurcate distally with sharp tips, whereas in S. affinis and S. aliaffinis it is truncate or only slightly emarginate.
Structure of the O-deacetylated glucuronoxylomannan from Cryptococcus neoformans serotype C as determined by 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy.

The primary structure of the O-deacetylated capsular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) isolated from Cryptococcus neoformans serotype C was investigated by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Assignment of the 1H NMR chemical shifts for the polysaccharide was accomplished from the analysis of DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY and/or ROESY spectra of three isolates (298, 34, and 401). These isolates contain the same polysaccharide glycosyl residues but in different proportions. The serotype C GXM consists of two repeating polysaccharide units that have the following structures: [formula: see text] It is not known if these repeating units comprise a single or two separate polymer chains. The relative amounts of the more highly branched octasaccharide 1 in the isolates studied (i.e., approximately 75% in isolate 34, 50% in isolate 298, and 25% in isolate 401) can be used to explain the serological specificity of these isolates with C. neoformans factor sera, as was previously determined by ELISA in this laboratory. The octasaccharide 1 component is the one previously postulated as the structure of the serotype C GXM although definitive placement of the beta-Xyl-(1-->4) residues had previously not been determined. The heptasaccharide 2 component is uniformly found as the repeating unit in the polysaccharide from serotype B isolates. Additionally, GXM 401 was found to contain a small amount of the hexasaccharide repeating unit usually attributed to serotype A GXM.
Universal connections in Fréchet principal bundles

A new methodology leading to the construction of a universal connec- tion for Frechet principal bundles is proposed in this paper. The classical theory, applied successfully so far for finite dimensional and Banach mod- elled bundles, collapses within the framework of Frechet manifolds. However, based on the replacement of the space of continuous linear mappings by an appropriate topological vector space, we endow the bundle J 1 P of 1-jets of the sections of a Frechet principal bundle P with a connection form by means of which we may "reproduce" every connection of P.
Joint optimization of process improvement investments for supplier–buyer cooperative commerce

This research focuses on supporting the formation of strategic alliances through the concept of cooperative commerce, where suppliers and buyers work together to jointly optimize their business. The general goal of this research is to examine existing cooperative commerce models for obstacles that would hinder their successful implementation into modern industrial applications and to address those shortcomings. Total annual cost equations are formulated to capture the joint total relevant cost of cooperative commerce business relationships. These total joint relevant cost models will include terms that capture the ordering cost, holding cost, and cost of quality, as well as any applicable investment cost for process improvements, consistent with traditional economic order quantity and economic production quantity theory. This research corrects a modelling/computational error found in the literature that led to underestimation of the effectiveness of process improvements in joint economic lot size models by 5–12%. In addition, the models are expanded to accommodate a full range of product quality inspection policies, from 0 to 100% product inspections. Furthermore, the models are modified to account for the cost of scrap generation, as well as the effects of accepting non-conforming product and rejecting conforming product during quality inspections. Once the total cost models are expanded to account for these neglected costs, the joint total relevant cost equations are minimized to find the optimal batch sizes, and the effects of each model extension on the model solution are studied. Results indicate that these extensions have a significant impact on the model results, such as reduced optimal batch sizes and increased optimal fraction conforming product.
Bones, body parts, and sex appeal: An analysis of #thinspiration images on popular social media

The present study extends research on thinspiration images, visual and/or textual images intended to inspire weight loss, from pro-eating disorder websites to popular photo-sharing social media websites. The article reports on a systematic content analysis of thinspiration images (N=300) on Twitter and Pinterest. Images tended to be sexually suggestive and objectifying with a focus on ultra-thin, bony, scantily-clad women. Results indicated that particular social media channels and labels (i.e., tags) were characterized by more segmented, bony content and greater social endorsement compared to others. In light of theories of media influence, results offer insight into the potentially harmful effects of exposure to sexually suggestive and objectifying content in large online communities on body image, quality of life, and mental health.
Nutritional composition of novel nutraceutical egg products developed with omega-3-rich oils

The ω-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs)-fortified eggs are typically developed through alteration of hen feed. The present study aimed at creating ω-3 FAs-fortified egg products via processing. Novel, nutritionally-enhanced egg products were developed by substituting cholesterol-containing yolk with ω-3 FAs-rich flaxseed, menhaden, algae, or krill oil. Experimental egg products (egg whites, ω-3 oils, and annatto), whole egg, and liquid egg product (Egg Beaters™) were microwave-cooked, analyzed, and compared. Protein, fat, and moisture contents of experimental egg products matched (P > 0.05) whole egg. Cholesterol was the highest (P 0.05) to whole egg except methionine, phenylalanine, and valine were generally greater in experimental egg products. Experimental egg products also had similar (P > 0.05) content of non-EAA to whole egg except alanine and glutamic acid were higher (P 0.05) between experimental egg products and whole egg. Whole egg contained more (P < 0.05) Ca, P, and Fe, but less Mg than experimental egg products.
Metabolites of testosterone: significance in the vital economy

Testosterone is metabolized by practically every tissue in the body to a large variety of related steroids. The metabolites vary with each tissue and appear to be formed to meet the specific needs of the particular tissue and animal. The many biologic actions of testosterone do not change in parallel in the various metabolites. Many of the metabolites show interesting differences in their relative biologic effects. A large number and variety of steroid-metabolizing enzymes (oxidoreductases, reductases, hydroxylases, aromatases) are involved. Some have been partially purified. The 17 beta-oxidoreductases of the cytosol of the guinea pig liver and kidney have been purified and characterized.
Correlation Between Clinical Signs and Optical Coherence Tomography With Enhanced Depth Imaging Findings in Patients With Birdshot Chorioretinopathy

Importance Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) is a bilateral posterior uveitis that typically requires aggressive therapy to prevent loss of vision. Clinical signs of disease activity may be subtle and visual acuity is often preserved despite significant loss of visual function. Optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging (OCT-EDI), a new technology that allows visualization of structures posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium, may be a useful tool to monitor disease activity in these patients. Objective To determine the correlation between symptoms and signs of disease activity in BCR and specific findings on OCT-EDI. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective medical record review of 14 patients treated for BCR in the uveitis clinic at Northwestern University. All patients underwent OCT-EDI (58 scans). Clinical symptoms of photopsias/vibrating vision and signs of macular edema, vitreous haze, and retinal vasculitis were graded; a second grading scale was developed for the evaluation of OCT-EDI. Individual scans of each eye of each patient at each point were graded in a masked fashion. Exposure Optical coherence tomography with EDI in BCR. Main Outcomes and Measures Spearman rank correlation of clinical measures to OCT-EDI measures. Results The most frequent score in each clinical category was 0 (inactive). In those BCR patients with symptoms (21 eye examinations), the subjective complaint of photopsias/vibrating vision was associated with the objective finding of suprachoroidal fluid on OCT-EDI ( P = .003), and the frequency and severity of photopsias correlated with the thickness of the fluid band (Pearson product moment correlation, 0.39). Two of the clinical markers of disease activity measured in this study (vasculitis and vitreous haze) also showed a significant Spearman rank correlation with the presence and amount of suprachoroidal fluid on OCT-EDI (vasculitis, 0.45 [ P P Conclusions and Relevance The presence of suprachoroidal fluid on OCT-EDI appears to correlate with the subjective complaints of photopsias in patients with BCR and other more easily assessed clinical features such as vasculitis and vitreous haze. Optical coherence tomography with EDI may be a useful tool for objective monitoring of BCR.