cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noncontact transscleral Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation for glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of noncontact transscleral Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation for refractory glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty on intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and graft status. Methods We reviewed the records of all patients treated at the Duke University Eye Center between 1988 and 1993 who had noncontact transscleral Nd:YAG cyclophotocoagulation for uncontrolled glaucoma associated with penetrating keratoplasty. Results One eye each of 39 patients was included in the study. At final follow-up, ranging from three to 63 months (mean, 27 ± 18 months), the average decrease in intraocular pressure was 15 mm Hg (P = .0001). Thirty-one patients (77%) had a final intraocular pressure between 7 and 21 mm Hg. The number of medications was reduced by an average of 1.4 (P = .0001). Five patients (13%) showed an improvement in best-corrected visual acuity at final follow-up; 12 (31%) maintained stable acuity, and 22 (56%) demonstrated a- deterioration in acuity. Of 25 patients with clear grafts before cyclophotocoagulation, 11 (44%) had graft decompensation. Conclusions Noncontact transscleral Nd: YAG cyclophotocoagulation is effective in lowering intraocular pressure in eyes with refractory glaucoma and associated penetrating keratoplasty, although loss of visual acuity and graft decompensation remain important concerns. Further study is needed of other cyclophotocoagulation protocols and alternative treatments for this patient population.
A V-Band Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Divider in 28 nm CMOS

In this letter, the 28 nm CMOS divide-by-three injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) operating at the V band is presented for the first time. Based on a differential direct injection scheme, the proposed circuit can perform a division ratio of three while an enhanced locking range is achieved due to superior injection efficiency. From the measured results, the core circuit consumes a dc power of 8.8 mW from a 1 V supply voltage. At an incident power level of 0 dBm, the divider exhibits a locking range from 52.61 to 55.12 GHz. Within this frequency range, the output power and phase noise are kept around -5 dBm and -125 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, respectively.
Identification of a Small Molecule that Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Polymerase Subunit Interactions and Viral Replication

The interaction between the catalytic subunit Pol and the processivity subunit UL42 of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase has been characterized structurally and mutationally and is a potential target for novel antiviral drugs. We developed and validated an assay for small molecules that could disrupt the interaction of UL42 and a Pol-derived peptide and used it to screen approximately 16,000 compounds. Of 37 "hits" identified, four inhibited UL42-stimulated long-chain DNA synthesis by Pol in vitro, of which two exhibited little inhibition of polymerase activity by Pol alone. One of these specifically inhibited the physical interaction of Pol and UL42 and also inhibited viral replication at concentrations below those that caused cytotoxic effects. Thus, a small molecule can inhibit this protein-protein interaction, which provides a starting point for the discovery of new antiviral drugs.
The effectiveness of transition to a self-control program in maintaining changes in children's behavior

Within the context of a token reinforcement program, adults directly and vicariously taught self-control skills to six behavior problem children residing in a group home. Reductions in disruptive behavior obtained during the token program maintained at low levels through the transition to self-control skills and were comparable with levels of disruption during a concurrent adult-controlled program.
Integrated laser/CMM system for the dimensional inspection of objects made of soft material

The applications of the coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) with a contact trigger probe to the dimensional inspection of manufactured products are restricted to the parts made of hard material, such as steel. By combining the laser and CMM, the applications of the CMMs can be extended to the inspection of objects made of soft materials, such as foils, plastics, wood, wax and clay materials. In this research, replacing the contact probe with an inexpensive laser sensor is attempted so as to eliminate the possible deflection of the component being measured when using contact probe. By combining a laser sensor with the existing automated inspection environment, a CAD-directed, three-dimensional coordinate sampling system which can perform non-contact dimensional inspection is developed.
The Asian Attraction: Pivotal Priorities and Nuclear Dangers in U.S. Security Policy

The United States' military-strategic pivot toward Asia is motived by concerns about a rising China, about the increased significance of Asia on the world economic and political stages, and about the growing risks of nuclear proliferation and nuclear first use in that region. Nuclear Asia already numbers five acknowledged or de facto nuclear weapons states among its members: Russia, China, North Korea, India, and Pakistan. Failure to reverse North Korea's nuclear weapons status or political distrust among other powers may increase the number of Asian nuclear weapons states (including states with prospective nuclear-missile reach into Asia) to eight, creating an Asian-Middle Eastern nuclear arms race that defies containment. On the other hand, an alternative presents itself, in the form of a multilateral nuclear arms reduction agreement that would create three tiers of accepted nuclear weapons states and bar the door to new admits.
The Changing Demographics of the U.S. Southern Security Perimeter: A First Look at the Numbers

This paper attempts to use available demographic data to cast light on trends indicative of, or potentially supportive of, an accretion of security threats from what has been termed “the U.S. southern security perimeter”: the USA's interface with Latin America and the Caribbean. Available data on fertility, urbanization, religious affiliation and migration suggest that many local demographic trends defy prevailing North American stereotypes for the region—and that the significance of these emerging trends thus remains imperfectly recognized and poorly appreciated in Washington.
Affective complexity and psychotherapy: some comparisons of time-limited and unlimited treatment.

(1958). Affective Complexity and Psychotherapy: Some Comparisons of Time-Limited and Unlimited Treatment. Journal of Projective Techniques: Vol. 22, TAT Issue - A birthday Tribute to Henry A. Murray, pp. 153-162.
Effects of sulfate reduction on CaCO 3 dissolution and precipitation in mixing-zone fluids

ABSTRACT Sulfate reduction in the sea-water end member of mixing-zone fluids changes the fluid-saturation indices for carbonate minerals. Mixing-zone fluids were modeled quantitatively using Atlantic sea water and a fresh-water end member from Barbados for sulfate reduction in the presence of goethite, in the absence of goethite, and with back-oxidation of aqueous sulfide to sulfate. Minor amounts of sulfate reduction enhance dissolution of CaCO3 in brackish to saline mixing-zone fluids, whereas major amounts of sulfate reduction enhance precipitation in all mixing-zone fluid compositions. Secondary reactions produce either CaCO3 dissolution or precipitation, which depend in magnitude on the amount of sulfate reduction. Dissolution results from the back-oxidation of aqueous sulfide to sulfate, and precipitation occurs from the transformation of iron oxides to iron sulfides. pH buffering, due to sulfate reduction, prevents a linear correlation of calcite-saturation indices with the moles of calcite necessary to dissolve or precipitate to reach equilibrium. Without iron sulfide precipitation or the back-oxidation of aqueous sulfide, the moles of calcite that can be dissolved continue to increase up to about 25% sulfate reduction, even though the degree of undersaturation begins to decrease with greater than 5% sulfate reduction. The effects of iron sulfide precipitation and the back-oxidation of aqueous sulfide are greatly enhanced by increasing the amount of sulfate reduction, being generally more than 0.1 g of calcite per kg of water dissolved or precipitated, respectively, at 50% sulfate reduction.
A disposable, integrated loop-mediated isothermal amplification cassette with thermally actuated valves

An inexpensive, disposable, integrated, polymer-based cassette for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of target nucleic acids was designed, fabricated, and tested. The LAMP chamber was equipped with single-use, thermally actuated valves made with a composite consisting of a mixture of PDMS and expandable microspheres. The effect of the composite composition on its expansion was investigated, and the valve's performance was evaluated. In its closed state, the valve can hold pressures as high as 200 kPa without any significant leakage. Both the LAMP chamber and the valves were actuated with thin film heaters. The utility of the cassette was demonstrated by carrying out LAMP of Escherichia coli DNA target and reverse transcribed loop meditated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) of RNA targets. The amplicons were detected in real time with a portable, compact detector. The system was capable of detecting as few as 10 target molecules per sample in well under 1 h. The portable, integrated cassette system described here is particularly suited for applications at the point of care and in resource-poor countries, where funds and trained personnel are in short supply.
Risk factors for meconium aspiration syndrome

Objective: To identify potential predictors of meconium aspiration syndrome WAS) in pregnancies complicated by moderate or thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AF). Methods: In the period 1990-1993, 937 vertex singleton pregnancies with moderate or thick meconium-stained AF were delivered; of these, 39 neonates developed MAS and 898 did not. The two groups were compared retrospectively according to maternal findings, pregnancy outcome, and neonatal complications, using univariate analysis ( P Results: The two groups had a similar mean gestational age at delivery and birth weight. They also had similar incidences of post-dates pregnancies, small and large for gestational age infants, and amnioinfusion use. Univariate analysis identified significant differences between the two groups in 13 variables, two of which were excluded from logistic analysis because of inadequate data. Logistic regression analysis identified only six variables with independent, statistically significant effects on MAS: admission for induction with nonreassuring fetal heart tracing (OR 6.9), need for endotracheal intubation and suctioning below the vocal cords (OR 4.9), 1-minute Apgar score of 4 or less (OR 3.1), present cesarean delivery (OR 3.0), and previous cesarean delivery (OR 2.5). Cigarette smoking was associated with a lower risk for MAS (OR 0.07). The presence of at least one of the five risk factors had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 56%, a positive predictive value of 8%, and a negative predictive value of 99% for MAS. Conclusion: Considering the high negative predictive value of the test, infants without any risk factors will not develop MAS and thus can be safely allowed to room with their mothers. Furthermore, this model helps to identify infants who may benefit from 24-hour observation and in counseling women about the neonatal risk for developing MAS.
A new approach to clothing classification using mid-level layers

We present a novel approach for classifying items from a pile of laundry. The classification procedure exploits color, texture, shape, and edge information from 2D and 3D local and global information for each article of clothing using a Kinect sensor. The key contribution of this paper is a novel method of classifying clothing which we term L-M-H, more specifically L-C-S-H using characteristics and selection masks. Essentially, the method decomposes the problem into high (H), low (L) and multiple mid-level (characteristics(C), selection masks(S)) layers and produces “local” solutions to solve the global classification problem. Experiments demonstrate the ability of the system to efficiently classify and label into one of three categories (shirts, socks, or dresses). These results show that, on average, the classification rates, using this new approach with mid-level layers, achieve a true positive rate of 90%.
Modeling hierarchy using symbolic regression

Symbolic regression (SR) is an attractive modeling approach because it can capture and present, mathematically, relationships between variables of interest. However, given n variables to model, symbolic regression returns a flat list of n equations. As the number of state variables to be modeled scales, interpretation of such a list becomes difficult. Here we present a symbolic regression method that detects and captures hidden hierarchy in a given system. The method returns the equations in a hierarchical dependency graph, which increases the interpretability of the results. We demonstrate that two variations of this hierarchical modeling approach outperform non-hierarchical symbolic regression on a synthetic data suite.
Expression and modulation of the vitronectin receptor on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells

Microvascular endothelial cells express a variety of cell-surface integrins in vivo and in vitro with varying affinities for matrix proteins. The vitronectin receptor (VnR), a complex of the alpha v and beta 3 integrin chains, is capable of binding to a variety of matrix proteins that are deposited in injured tissues, including vitronectin, fibrinogen, and thrombin. Staining of frozen sections of human skin with antibodies recognizing the VnR and examination by immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrates staining in a vascular pattern suggesting in vivo expression of the vitronectin receptor on endothelial cells. Examination of pure cultures of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) by flow-cytometric analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that HDMEC also express cell surface VnR complex in vitro. Stimulation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro with agents that stimulate protein kinase C resulted in dose- and time-dependent increases in expression of alpha v and beta 3 integrin chains. Additionally, stimulation with basic fibroblast growth factor induced similar increases, but stimulation with transforming growth factor-beta or interleukin-1 alpha failed to increase VnR expression. Increases in cell-surface VnR expression also correlated with an increased ability of microvascular endothelial cells to bind to vitronectin, but not fibronectin-coated surfaces. Although increases in cell-surface expression of beta 3 paralleled increases in expression of cell-surface alpha v, regulation of mRNA expression was distinct for each chain. These data suggests that microvascular endothelial cells express the VnR complex in vivo, that the cell-surface expression of this integrin on dermal microvascular endothelial cells can be regulated, and that this regulation may be important in cell adherence, cell migration, and wound healing.
The Rise and Fall of the New Christian Right: Conservative Protestant Politics in America, 1978-1988

The origins of social movements Genesis - the market Exodus - mobilization Chronicles - nature and actions Numbers - impact and influence Lamentations - sources of weakness Kings and Judges - the GOP and the courts Revelations - the future of the new Christian Right.
An electron spin resonance study of the Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes of the Fur repressor protein

Abstract EPR spectra of Mn(II) Fur complex suggested the presence of Mn(II) in one site per Fur monomer in which Mn(II) is present in a low symmetry environment. The binding of the Mn(II) Fur complex to a DNA fragment “iron box” has a slight broadening effect on the Mn(II) signal and hence it altered the symmetry of the Mn(II) environment. We also report EPR spectra of Cu(II) Fur and Cu(II) C92S C95S mutant Fur complexes as models for Fe(II) complexes; the anisotropic g values and A values observed indicate the presence of Cu(II) in two different environments in the protein; a major axially distorted Cu(II) site bound to nitrogen and a minor distorted tetrahedral sulfur bound to the Cu(II) site. The effect of metal ion on Fur DNA binding is also discussed.
Mapping words to the world in infancy: Infants' expectations for count nouns and adjectives

Three experimentsdocumentthat 14-month-old infants'construal of objects (e.g., purple animals) is influenced by naming, that they can distinguish between the grammatical form noun and adjective, and that they treat this distinction as relevant to meaning. In each experiment, infants extended novel nouns (e.g., "This one is a blicket") specifically to object categories (e.g., animal), and not to object properties (e.g., purple things). This robust noun-category link is related to grammatical form and not to surface differences in the presentation of novelwords (Experiment 3). Infants'extensions of novel adjectives (e.g., "This one is blickish") were more fragile: They extended adjectives specifically to object properties when the property was color (Experiment 1), but revealed a less precise mapping when the property was texture (Experiment 2). These results reveal that by 14 months, infants distinguish between grammatical forms and utilize these distinctions in determining the meaning of novel words.
Family-Based Treatment for Pediatric Overweight: Parental Weight Loss as a Predictor of Children's Treatment Success

This study examined the relative influence of nutrition and exercise education, behavioral therapy, and parental weight loss on children's weight-related treatment outcomes. Participants included 65 children and their parents who were participating in an evidence-based multicomponential pediatric overweight intervention program. After accounting for age and sex, children's attendance at group treatment and change in health knowledge predicted 9.7% and 5.8% of the variance in children's weight change, respectively. However, the single greatest predictor of change in children's body mass index was parent weight loss, which accounted for 18.8% of the variance in the model. Findings suggest that although nutrition–exercise education and group therapy are beneficial, parental weight loss best predicts children's treatment outcomes.
Room-temperature, continuous wave optical-phase conjugation and self-pumped phase conjugation using phase gratings in the DX material CdF/sub 2/:Ga

We have demonstrated optical phase conjugation via four-wave mixing and self-pumped phase conjugation with an external cavity in the DX material CdF/sub 2/:Ga. Room-temperature, low optical power cw operation was achieved by employing plasma gratings with temperature-tunable lifetimes. Phase conjugation reflectivity as high as 50% was demonstrated at the temperature of T=12/spl deg/C in four-wave mixing experiments while a self-pumped phase-conjugation reflectivity of 3% was achieved with the sample placed inside a resonant cavity.
Lessons from a Faraway land: The effect of spatial distance on creative cognition

Recent research [Forster, J., Friedman, R. S., & Liberman, N. (2004). Temporal construal effects on abstract and concrete thinking: Consequences for insight and creative cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 177–189] has identified temporal distance as a situational moderator of creativity. According to Construal Level Theory [Liberman, N., Trope, Y., & Stephan, E. (2007). Psychological Distance. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: A handbook of basic principles (pp. 353–381). New York: Guilford Press], temporal distance is just one case of the broader construct of psychological distance. In the present research, we investigated the effect of another dimension of psychological distance, namely, spatial distance, on creative cognition and insight problem solving. In two studies, we demonstrate that when the creative task is portrayed as originating from a far rather than close location, participants provide more creative responses (Study 1) and perform better on a problem solving task that requires creative insight (Study 2). Both theoretical and practical implications of this finding are discussed.
One Giant Leap for Categorizers: One Small Step for Categorization Theory.

We explore humans’ rule-based category learning using analytic approaches that highlight their psychological transitions during learning. These approaches confirm that humans show qualitatively sudden psychological transitions during rule learning. These transitions contribute to the theoretical literature contrasting single vs. multiple category-learning systems, because they seem to reveal a distinctive learning process of explicit rule discovery. A complete psychology of categorization must describe this learning process, too. Yet extensive formal-modeling analyses confirm that a wide range of current (gradient-descent) models cannot reproduce these transitions, including influential rule-based models (e.g., COVIS) and exemplar models (e.g., ALCOVE). It is an important theoretical conclusion that existing models cannot explain humans’ rule-based category learning. The problem these models have is the incremental algorithm by which learning is simulated. Humans descend no gradient in rule-based tasks. Very different formal-modeling systems will be required to explain humans’ psychology in these tasks. An important next step will be to build a new generation of models that can do so.
THE DYNAMICS OF CRIME REGIMES

Crimes have many features, and the mix of those features can change over time and space. In this article, we introduce the concept of a crime regime to provide some theoretical leverage on collections of crime features and how the collections of features can change. Key tools include the use of principal components analysis to determine the dimensions of crime regimes, visualization methods to help reveal the role of time, summary statistics to quantify crime regime patterns, and permutation procedures to examine the role of chance. Our approach is used to analyze temporal and spatial crime patterns for the city of Los Angeles during an 8-year period. We focus on the number of violent crimes over time and their potential lethality.
Efficacy and Safety of Nadifloxacin for Bacterial Skin Infections: Results from Clinical and Post-Marketing Studies

Introduction Skin and soft tissue infections involve microbial invasion of the skin and underlying soft tissues and are estimated to affect 7–10% of hospitalized patients worldwide. Nadifloxacin, a topical fluoroquinolone, has been shown to be effective against aerobic Gram-negative, Gram-positive (including MRSA and coagulase-negative staphylococci), and anaerobic bacteria. However, there is paucity of data comparing efficacy and safety of 1% nadifloxacin with other anti-bacterials for skin infections in Indian patients.
The Very Simple CPU Simulator

The Very Simple CPU Simulator is an instructional aid for students studying computer architecture and CPU design, typically at the junior or senior level. It simulates a 4-instruction CPU introduced in the textbook Computer Systems Organization and Architecture. Students first enter an assembly language program, which is assembled by the simulator. After correcting any syntax errors, the user simulates the fetch, decode, and execute cycles of each instruction. The simulator uses animation to give students a more intuitive understanding of how the CPU fetches, decodes, and executes instructions. It shows the flow of data within the CPU's register section and ALU. The control unit highlights asserted signals used by the rest of the CPU users may select either a hard-wired or microcoded control unit. The simulator is a recent addition to a suite Of platform-independent Java applets designed for computer architecture education. Previously developed simulators include the relatively simple CPU simulator and the relatively simple computer system simulator. All of the simulators in this suite and their source code are freely available under the terms of the GNU Public License.
Die Entdeckung einiger biologischer Wirkungen von Stickstoffmonoxid und seiner Rolle für die Zellkommunikation (Nobel‐Vortrag)

Ein einzigartig einfaches Molekul mit einer Vielzahl von Signalfunktionen: NO. Das freie Radikal Stickstoffmonoxid vermittelt nicht nur viele biologische Wirkungen, indem es die Guanylat-Cyclase aktiviert und so die Synthese von cyclischem GMP aus GTP verstarkt, sondern es kann auch mit Ubergangsmetallen wie Eisen, mit Thiolgruppen, anderen freien Radikalen, Sauerstoff, dem Superoxid-Anion, ungesattigten Fettsauren und anderen Molekulen reagieren. Auser als intrazellularer Botenstoff kann NO auch als Autocoid, parakrine Substanz oder Neurotransmitter fungieren oder als ein Hormon, das an entfernte Wirkorte transportiert werden kann, um dort seine Funktion auszuuben.
Requirements engineering in science data processing systems

Science data processing is a component of most research and development programs nationally and internationally and is a prime focus of work performed at NASA 's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Requirements engineering is probably the most important phase in the software development lifecycle and there are many ways requirements engineering is performed by different projects. Comparisons and contrasts can be made about how science products are specified, created and managed by different projects. Identification of these characteristics leads to a better understanding of how requirements engineering is performed and how it can be improved.
A low-power fully-differential current-mode synchronous chaotic oscillator

An efficient, low-power CMOS circuit implementation of a current-mode, fully-differential synchronous chaotic oscillator is presented. The implementation consists of current integrators, simple current mirrors, and current-mode hysteresis elements. Simulation results from the CMOS implementation show the feasibility of the proposed signal encryption method by successfully performing chaotic synchronization at 1.5 volt power supply.
Rabelais' Frozen Words and Other Unidentified Sounds of the Air

Same night we anchored near Fuh-shan-tau [in Shan-Tun]. This mountain, as if inhabited by a deity, utters a voice sounding mournfully, although on it neither herb nor tree exists, and neither hollow nor cavern therein. (Liu Wan-Ping 1595)
The Chemical Synthesis of DNA/RNA - Our Gift to Science

It is a great privilege to contribute to the Reflections essays. In my particular case, this essay has allowed me to weave some of my major scientific contributions into a tapestry held together by what I have learned from three colleagues (Robert Letsinger, Gobind Khorana, and George Rathmann) who molded my career at every important junction. To these individuals, I remain eternally grateful, as they always led by example and showed many of us how to break new ground in both science and biotechnology. Relative to my scientific career, I have focused primarily on two related areas. The first is methodologies we developed for chemically synthesizing DNA and RNA. Synthetic DNA and RNA continue to be an essential research tool for biologists, biochemists, and molecular biologists. The second is developing new approaches for solving important biological problems using synthetic DNA, RNA, and their analogs.
Democracy and its Discontents

The unprecedented increase in U.S. rates of criminal conviction, criminal justice supervi sion, and incarceration constitute a historical ly unique experiment in penal expansion. In creasingly, scholars and activists are investi gating the impacts of this uniquely American policy innovation on public safety, families, children, poverty, and employment (Clear et al. 2003; Mauer and Chesney-Lind 2003; Patil lo et al. 2004; Pettit and Western 2004; Travis and Waul 2004; Western 2006). These studies indicate that the massive expansion of the U.S. criminal justice system has had adverse consequences for the incarcerated and the poor communities from which they are over whelmingly drawn. Recent studies also sug gest that the removal of over two million res idents from official statistics has important implications for measures of social problems such as unemployment and poverty (Western and Beckett 1999; Western and Pettit 2005). While criminologists have long explored how social inequities shape who commits crime and who is punished for doing so, recent scholarship increasingly investigates how pe nal expansion masks yet reproduces social and racial inequality. By highlighting the impact of penal ex pansion on citizenship and democracy, The Disenfranchisement of Ex-Felons and Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and Ameri can Democracy make a significant and novel contribution to this burgeoning literature. Of the two, Locked Out is the more empirical. By bringing varied data sources, diverse methodologies, and a refreshing creativity to bear on this important topic, Manza and Uggen make a significant contribution to a number of sociological literatures. The Disen franchisement of Ex-Felons offers less origi nal data analysis but greater attention to the legal aspects of felony disenfranchisement. Both books offer compelling historical and philosophical reflections on the nature and significance of the denial of what the Supreme Court has called "the right preserv ative of all other rights" (Hull, p. 1). While the conclusions of the two books are largely compatible, they offer somewhat divergent The Disenfranchisement of Ex-Felons, by Elizabeth A. Hull. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2006. 217pp. $19.50 paper. ISBN: 1592131859. $59.50 cloth. ISBN: 1592131840.
Capacity of Beamforming with Limited Training and Feedback

We examine the capacity of beamforming over a Multi-Input/Single-Output block Rayleigh fading channel with finite training for channel estimation and limited feedback. A fixed-length packet is assumed, which is spanned by T training symbols, B feedback bits, and the data symbols. The training symbols are used to obtain a Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimate of the channel vector. Given this estimate, the receiver selects a transmit beamforming vector from a codebook containing 2B i.i.d. random vectors, and relays the corresponding B bits back to the transmitter. We derive bounds on the capacity and show that for a large number of transmit antennas Nt, the optimal T and B, which maximize the bounds, are approximately equal and both increase as Nt/log Nt. We conclude that with limited training and feedback, the optimal number of antennas to activate also increases as Nt/log Nt.
Tips for Ensuring Quality Data Management Developing Your Research Protocol Manual

Protocol manual development is an essential step in the research process to ensure quality data management. Each research proposal, whether it is qualitative or quantitative, will require a research protocol. The protocol when developed properly will drive the data collection process and guide data collectors in rigorous and consistent data collection to improve the reliability and validity of the data. The research protocol manual is a step-by-step guide developed by the research team to train and steer the research team through the data collection process. The protocol should be practiced step-by-step and adjusted as necessary for clarity and precision to allow the data collectors to pursue data collection in a consistent manner each time. The step-by-step protocol including the schedule of enrollment, interventions, and assessments should be developed starting with participant recruitment and selection followed by the consent process with the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study (Chan et al., 2013). Depending on the study, the inclusion and exclusion criteria can be determined prior to consent. In some studies, the inclusion criteria may be dependent upon clinical information that can only be obtained after consent. Outlined in the protocol should be who on the team is responsible for participant selection, consent, and ensuring the participant meets the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Ideally, the Principal Investigator (PI) confirms the participant or surrogate consent as well as whether the
Ethical Attitudes of Accountants: Recent Evidence from a Practitioners¿ Survey.

Recent highly publicized ethical breaches including those at Enron and WorldCom have focused attention on ethical behavior within the accounting profession. At the heart of the debate is whether ethical attitudes of accountants are to blame. Using a nationally representative sample of accounting practitioners and a multidisciplinary student sample at two Southern United States universities, we compare sample responses to 25 ethically charged vignettes to test whether they differ. Overall, we find no significant difference – even for a specific “accounting tricks” vignette, which resembles the Enron and WorldCom situations. We do find, however, that the practitioners were more accepting of vignettes that involved physical harm (PH) to individuals and those that were legal (but ethically questionable). We postulate that accounting practitioners may apply a legalistic framework to their assessment of the acceptability of each vignette. Focusing on an “accounting tricks” vignette, we also find no significant difference between auditors and institutional practitioners compared to all other types of accountants in the sample. We conclude that ethical attitudes of accounting practitioners do not differ significantly by specialty area.
Modulation of T-cell costimulation as immunotherapy or immunochemotherapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis

CD40 ligand (CD40L)-deficient C57BL/6 mice failed to control intracellular Leishmania donovani visceral infection, indicating that acquired resistance involves CD40-CD40L signaling and costimulation. Conversely, in wild-type C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice with established visceral infection, injection of agonist anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (MAb) induced killing of approximately 60% of parasites within liver macrophages, stimulated gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion, and enhanced mononuclear cell recruitment and tissue granuloma formation. Comparable parasite killing was also induced by MAb blockade (inhibition) of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) which downregulates separate CD28-B7 T-cell costimulation. Optimal killing triggered by both anti-CD40 and anti-CTLA-4 required endogenous IFN-gamma and involved interleukin 12. CD40L(-/-) mice also failed to respond to antileishmanial chemotherapy (antimony), while in normal animals, anti-CD40 and anti-CTLA-4 synergistically enhanced antimony-associated killing. CD40L-CD40 signaling regulates outcome and response to treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis, and MAb targeting of T-cell costimulatory pathways (CD40L-CD40 and CD28-B7) yields macrophage activation and immunotherapeutic and immunochemotherapeutic activity.
Changing ethnic identities among the Kuy in Cambodia: Assimilation, reassertion and the making of Indigenous identity

The Kuy are one of the largest Indigenous groups in Cambodia. Though they are extremely similar to the Khmer in terms of physical appearance and material culture, a significant distinction between the two groups continues to be maintained. At the same time, assimilation into the Khmer identity has been a dominant trend among the Kuy for a considerable time and appears to be related to the relatively lower status of the Kuy identity. However, over the past decade or more, some people have begun to reassert a Kuy identity, driven by awareness of benefits of identifying as Kuy and a lessening of the stigmatisation of the Kuy identity. Following the introduction in Cambodia of the concept of Indigenous Peoples, ‘Indigenous’ has become an ethnic identity that more and more Kuy are assuming and within which they are becoming prominent. It is associated with a broader Indigenous community inside and outside of Cambodia which is becoming increasingly respected. The Indigenous identity has been able to inspire pride and confidence in a way that the Kuy identity has not and has played an important role in letting people of Kuy ancestry ‘become Kuy’.
A Sheep's Song: A Writer's Reminiscences of Japan and the World

This critically acclaimed autobiography was an instant bestseller in Japan, where it has gone through more than forty printings since its first publication. Cultural critic, literary historian, novelist, poet, and physician, Kato Shuichi reconstructs his dramatic spiritual and intellectual journey from the militarist era of prewar Japan to the dynamic postwar landscapes of Japan and Europe. This fluid translation of "A Sheep's Song" captures Kato's unique voice and brings his insightful interpretation of modern Japan and its tumultuous relations with the outside world to English-speaking readers for the first time. Kato describes his youthful interest in the natural sciences as well as in Japanese and Western literatures - from the Man'yoshu to Akutagawa Ryunosuke, Baudelaire, Valery, and Proust. Turning to the rise of Japanese fascism in the late 1930s, he recalls his rebellion against the jingoistic political atmosphere of the time. The chapters on the war and its aftermath include experiences of Hiroshima shortly after the bombing and the often tragicomic encounters between the defeated Japanese nation and the American Occupation forces. Throughout, memories of his wide-ranging literary career and broad experiences in Europe as a student, traveler, and cultural observer are punctuated by his unique perspectives on the relation between imagination, art, and politics. A postscript written especially for the English-language edition discusses the Vietnam War, the subsequent transformation of Japan, the cultures and societies of Europe, the United States, and China, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Computerized Algorithms to Classify Gestational Periods in the Absence of Information on Date of Conception

To evaluate the accuracy of computerized algorithms for pinpointing periods of exposure to medications during pregnancy in the absence of data on timing of conception, the authors used data from a population-based sample of nonmalformed infants in the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study in 1998-2006 (United States and Canada; N = 3,177). The standard was defined as any antiinfective use from 2 weeks after the last menstrual period through the third gestational month, which was compared with results obtained after defining the beginning of pregnancy as either 270 days before the birth date (delivery-date algorithm) or the date of the first prenatal visit (pregnancy-indicator algorithm). The sensitivity was 92% (95% confidence interval: 88, 95) for the delivery-date algorithm and 59% (95% confidence interval: 53, 65) for the pregnancy-indicator algorithm. The specificity was higher than 98% for both algorithms. The sensitivity for the delivery-date algorithm among women with preterm births was 66% (95% confidence interval: 49, 80). For women without pregnancy complications, subtraction of 270 days from the delivery date might be accurate for timing first-trimester prescription drug use in automated databases. However, the sensitivity of this algorithm is lower for preterm deliveries, suggesting limited validity to assess drug safety for pregnancy outcomes associated with prematurity.
The Myth Of Lost Sales: Does Disk Copying Negatively Impact The Music Industry?

The music industry contends that copied CDs represent lost sales. An exploration of the historical precedents, music industry assumptions and empirical evidence show a far more complex relationship. In this paper we look back at potential threats to the entertainment industry threats such as the advent of recording, radio and cassette recorders. We then examine the assumptions of the music industry’s argument, supplemented by a survey of disk copying behavior. The results indicate that the underlying dynamics are more complex than the industry claims, including the possibility that disk copying can result in a net benefit to the CD industry.
What Professionals in Healthcare Can Do: Family Caregivers as Members of the Treatment Team

Changes in healthcare delivery in the United States have left their mark on oncology services, the most significant being the shift in patient care from inpatient to outpatient and ambulatory settings. As a result, the family and other caregivers must now assume an expanded role in providing assistance for cancer patients especially at home (Given et al., CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 51(4), 213–231, 2001; Glajhen, Journal of Supportive Oncology, 2(2), 145–155, 2004).
Topological Groups, Invariant Measures, Convolutions and Representations

This chapter is almost independent of the previous ones and it can be read accordingly. For the first four sections only elementary point set theoretical and measure theoretical background is presupposed. Thus Section 1 can be read immediately and before starting Sections 2, 3 or 4 it is sufficient to be familiar with the contents of Section III.7. The remaining two sections require a casual acquaintence with the fundamental concepts of representations in Hilbert spaces. A partial reading of Sections IV.1, 2 and 3 is satisfactory for this purpose. In Section 5 we shall use also some basic facts about v. Neumann algebras A. In particular we need that A is its second commutant and that A is weakly closed. All of this is discussed and proved in Section III.6. The text contains detailed references to this background material at the places where it is used. See also the preliminary remarks on the last page.
Effects of helium-oxygen and hyperbaric helium-oxygen environment on drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in rat liver

The effects of room-air normoxic (22 degrees C +/- 1 degree C), 1.2-ATA He-O2 (400 mmHg PO2, 29.0 degree C +/- 1 degree C), and 21-ATA He-O2 (400 mmHg PO2, 32.5 degrees C +/- 1 degree C) environments were investigated on the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in rat liver, as monitored by O-dealkylation and N-dealkylation reactions. Continuous exposure of rats to both He-O2 environments for 12 days significantly increased the in vitro activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver preparations. The increase in the in vitro O-dealkylation of p-nitroanisole based on product formed X mg protein-1 X 20 min-1 was 32.2% (P less than 0.05) between normoxic animals and those exposed to 1.2 ATA He-O2, and 24.4% (P less than 0.01) in animals exposed to between 1.2 and 21 ATA He-O2. A significant increase of 48.8% (P less than 0.001) was noted between normoxic animals and those exposed to 21 ATA He-O2. Similar differences were noted if the data were expressed on the basis of 200 mg liver wet wt. The N-dealkylation of morphine based on product formed X mg protein-1 X 20 min-1 was significantly increased between animals kept at normoxic and at 1.2-ATA He-O2 conditions (17.6%, P less than 0.05) and between animals kept at normoxic and at 21 ATA He-O2 conditions (28.2%, P less than 0.05). No significant differences for N-dealkylation of morphine were noted between animal groups at 1.2 and those at 21 ATA He-O2 nor between any animal groups for N-dealkylation of cocaine.
Delayed activation of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons and suppression of prolactin secretion in the rat after morphine administration.

The effect of morphine administration on the subsequent stimulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion and the release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons was examined in this study. The administration of morphine (15 mg/kg s.c.) resulted 4 hr later in suppressed serum PRL concentrations. In addition, the increase in serum PRL concentrations induced by restraint stress was attenuated greatly in rats treated 4 hr earlier with morphine. The morphine-induced attenuation of the PRL response to restraint stress was time-dependent and dose-related. The suppressive effect of morphine on PRL secretion was observed 3 to 6 hr after its administration and at doses of 10 to 20 mg/kg. A single injection of morphine also resulted 4 hr later in an attenuation of the PRL response to a second injection of morphine (7.5 mg/kg); however, the increase in serum PRL concentration produced by alpha-methyltyrosine (250 mg/kg) was unaltered by prior morphine administration. The suppressive effect of morphine on PRL secretion was not observed in rats treated with the opiate antagonist naloxone (2.5 mg/kg). Associated with the delayed suppressive effect of morphine on serum PRL concentrations was a delayed increase in the concentration of dopamine in hypophysial portal plasma and an increase in the turnover of dopamine in the median eminence. The morphine-induced stimulation of the release of dopamine into hypophyseal portal blood was attenuated significantly in animals treated with naltrexone (1 mg/kg). It is concluded that morphine exerts a biphasic effect on both the secretion of PRL and the release of dopamine from tuberoinfundibular neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SPECIFICITY OF THE AMINO ACID TRANSFER REACTION IN E. COLI STRAINS CARRYING DIFFERENT ALLELES OF THE RNA CONTROL (RC) GENE.

The idea has been tested here that the aberration in amino acid controlled regulation of RNA synthesis in a mutant strain ofE. coli might reflect a major breakdown in the specificity of transfer of amino acids to S-RNA. For this purpose, S-RNA and amino acid activating enzymes were extracted from bacteria carrying either the normalRCst or the aberrantRCrel allele of the RNA control gene. The purified S-RNA preparations were first charged enzymatically with one or more of the 20 standard amino acids, then oxidized with periodate, and finally reisolated and retested for their residual capacity to accept an amino acid that was absent from the preliminary charging mixture. If preliminary charging transferred an amino acid to a non-cognate S-RNA species belonging to an absent amino acid, then the acceptor capacity for the missing amino acid would survive periodate oxidation and reveal its presence on recharging with that amino acid after post-periodate reisolation of the S-RNA. The results presented here show that there does not appear to exist any such major breakdown of transfer specificity in eitherRCst orRCrel bacteria: preliminary charging of the S-RNA fromRCrel bacteria with 19 of the 20 standard amino acids by use of the homologous amino acid activating enzymes does not afford protection against periodate oxidation for any appreciable fraction of the acceptor capacity for the absent 20th amino acid (when that amino acid is either methionine or arginine). It is unlikely, therefore, that thecatholic inducer, postulated to explain the continued RNA synthesis ofRCrel amino acid auxotrophs in the absence of their growth requirement, is one of the 20 standard amino acids.
Authoritarianism and Support for the Death Penalty: A Multivariate Analysis

Abstract While a widely used concept in the social sciences, authoritarianism has been neglected in research on death penalty support. The few existing studies on the association tend to be limited by the lack of an integrated theory, reliance on bivariate analysis, local and often nonrepresentative samples, and use of data from the 1960s. In addition, the large majority of death penalty support studies from the last quarter century have omitted authoritarianism from their models. The present study addresses these issues and tests an updated integrated model incorporating measures from alternative symbolic orientations (e.g., fundamentalism, conservatism), instrumentalism (e.g., crime victimization, fear), and demographic controls. The analysis is based on aggregated data from the General Social Surveys. A multivariate logistic regression analysis finds that, controlling for the symbolic and instrumental covariates of authoritarianism, authoritarianism is a leading predictor of death penalty support. The ...